萌える言語 - 荒木研究室
Contents
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237. wi SLE een Tunisia Malta S c b ve Holland England E S a m Italy Spain France S076 10026 100 Crystal 1989 p 402 140 34 ET Roz A
238. b c 2004 p 139 165 2005 p 82 166 pp 94 95 Gudykunst 1991 p 231 43 a c 3
239. 2 kinesics 2 2 4 3 2 1 1 facial expression Szopski 2005 p 101 Darwin 1872 p 45 17 p 103 P pp 1055 1056 129 Birdwhistell R L 1970 Kinesics and Context Essays on Body Motion Communication Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press 31 NSZZ
240. pp 51 67 2000 BO 2004 3 1999 An 2002 imidas 2002 IT 1981 12 1997 Seibido s Dictionary of Linguistics ae 199
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342. 9 1 P polychronic time 2 M monochronic time P M 2 2 3 3 ELE p 1056 2 Hall 1966 pp 145 166 1996 p 1056 4 92 35 DMSO uai ue
343. Jakobson Closing Statement Linguistics and Poetics Sebeok fi 1966 p 356 T 2 2 4 55 Laver Communicative functions of Phatic Communion Tax 1975 pp 221 233 234 9 full duplex 1 1 Lyons 1979 pp 34 38 23 2 2 3 3 mis bb 2 1994
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352. 2 3 A summary of MA Thesis by Micha Ptaszy ski Moeru gengo Intanetto keijiban no ue no nihongo kaiwa ni okeru kanjohyogen no kozo to kigorontekikino no bunseki e lt 2channeru denshikeijiban o rei toshite Boisterous language Analysis of structures and semiotic functions of emotive expressions in conversation on Japanese Internet bulletin board forum 2channel The aim of this work is to investigate functions of emotive layer in conversation in the Japanese language As the database the author used a Japanese Internet forum 2channel Language functions in verbal and nonverbal channels The emotive function of language referring to expressing emotions is realized verbally through exclamations endearments vulgar language or in Japanese mimetic expressions gitaigo The key role in expressing emotions plays also the lexicon of words describing emotions On the borderline of verbality and nonverbality we can talk about parasegmental elements of language like intonation voice modulation or tone of voice Nonverbal elements realizing emotive language are body language with all its components like gestures face expressions eye contact or pose The question if it is expected to express one s emotions which concerns the distance between interlocutors is defined by proxemics The expansion of civilization means also the development of new means of communication Today s common tool of everyday communication is the Internet
353. Fi URS Bl B AF DA CHER RZE E LAN SCE See CLEA 2005 IH E p 130 1999 2005 p 93 p 131 F p 12 p p 13 POK RE AER ET o o 4 4 8 71 0 7 1 2 2003 1 7 an FF 2 A EDIP IP CRP GETZ A 2 IP ARC EL CB ee Ee IP 45 GE CE
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356. Many of its communication systems are based on transmission of signals encoded in lines of letters punctuation marks and symbols etc such limitations of structure of communication channel affect the language usage itself Despite of this however virtual reality unfolds creating environments functioning more and more as social groups Virtual societies are created also around Internet Bulletin Board System forums Conversation through this greatly developed topically medium is implemented by messages written into a dialog box which are visible for all users There is no possibility of choosing the addressee or cutting into one s utterance Every user is allowed to create their conversation thread which gives practically unlimited freedom of speech 2channel http www 2ch net is a popular Japanese Internet forum whose special feature is the anonymity of speech Utterances without signature appear on the board with default value Nanashi san Mr No name User not used to this convention might get an impression that it is just one person talking to himself Realization of emotive function during conversation on communication channel with features of 2channel might seem limited when compared to real life conversation However existence of those limitations force users to create communication strategies compensating for the limitations of the medium Except traditional means of communication of emotive mea
357. OSE WWE o gt NZ k y 2 7 L 1 3 1 AEMRILG 9 THI MS S iS 2 3 1 5 1 7 E i LAJ Fr K iMLU E b5 C se MASZ SUE e Nes SUNT a AGL ON AA_AA AA Wit AH GV v 186 77 NN ps J 0 K o ks Ik K o et kk 7 e g ROOK SS AA m Zw FIT ILI LI wa IAN V Zu oe EEC 2 nir m DS M CAU i SEN AA A A AN A AA COA G 7 C D J ZINA SN NUS gt S bii 0 0 SUE 34 gt SII
358. PWN S A 2004 Stownik j zyka polskiego PWN wersja 1 0 Warszawa Gazeta Wyborcza i Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN S A mi ay Jk BE 147 23 24 25 l III hh hh hh hh hh htmtn 2 eI hh hh nnn nn nn 3 sett 4 oem emem 1 ee 1 1 lt 1 2 eR III II III HH 1 3 1 4 lt 2 e eee 2 1 2 1 1 tti ac 2 1 2 HII HH HH 2 1 3 RII 2 1 4 ee 2 1 5 ee 2 1 5 1 ccc n IR HI Hh enc
359. W 2 2 2 5 nul PERI SE Ez f 15 MoD FT 1 1 IRC i i simplex i i half duplex ANY 2
360. of emotive expressions on 2channel shows apart from traditional exponents of verbal layer usage of simple and economical means simulating nonverbal layer of communication Emotions expressed most frequently are positive as well as negative excitement dislike and joy Communication system functioning on 2channel although showing some limitations in comparison to the real life speech gives the users a lot of freedom and wide possibilities of creating new expressions The speech is rich with emotion and the new expressions mostly imitating transmission of nonverbal information although sometimes quite sophisticated needed at a particular moment sprout vastly A term language of emotions seems then quite natural Reaching to the slang present on 2channel we could also use the term moeru gengo language sprouting with emotions Although this language might seem unpredictable and chaotic in this work the author tried to describe it according to the classical categories distinguished in the sciences of language communication 134 Streszczenie pracy magisterskiej Moeru gengo Intanetto keijiban no ue no nihongo kaiwa ni okeru kanjohyogen no k z to kigorontekikino no bunseki 2channeru denshikeijiban o rei toshite Niespokojny j zyk Analiza struktur i funkcji semiotycznych wyra e emotywnych w konwersacji w j zyku japo skim Na przyk adzie japo skiego forum internetowego 2channel Ce
361. on A 2 2 2 4 3 2 1 body language 2005
362. rych ogromnego wsparcia uko czenie niniejszej pracy oraz zako czenie studi w nie by yby mo liwe
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365. 6 72 95 communication sciences 3 4 9 26 31 33 38 39 40 41 42 43 95 communication media 56 71 community 16 41 43 44 45 61 62 75 Bt osa gt 7 4 speech community 16 slang community 16 17 network community 43 56 context 21 25 27 28 54 68 71 72 73 75 96 98 server 39 40 43 48 subculture 16 17 61 gesture 6 22 24 26 28 29 30 33 34 54 96 signal 8 9 21 22 24 26 53 19 BEN pose 30 31 33 34 58 66 67 95 97 eye contact 29 32 33 65 jargon 44 54 56 sociolect 25 139 Sas argo gt Fan sign language receiver addressee Li receiver FBJfA vertical relationships source of information Theory of Evolution gt kinesics simplex psycological distance speech slang restricted code
366. E Biihler Karl Crystal David Darwin Charles Robert Everly George S Jr S Furukawa Yoshiko Go b Zbigniew Grice Paul Gudykunst Wiliam B B Gutt Ernst August Hall Edward Thomas Hasegawa Katsuyuki Hayakawa Samuel Ichiye Heinz Adam Horney Karen Iwasaki Mineko Jab o ski Arkadiusz Jakobson Roman Kamei Takashi Kasza Robert Kitano Takeshi Kitayama Satoshi Kodama Yasue Labov William Laver John Lyons John Malinowski Bronis aw Masataka Nobuo Mesthrie Rajend
367. O A A t5 Cv MAJA NGw n J IO rw t Cv M Ig Nltw n o lO O O 5 Cv IM NO On n Il lI IO 7 IL 1 Cv m n n O O OVO O O O O OQ YO 0 O OQ X X KK KK KKK KK X X r K RBIS TARE OSI 0 Y is i rly POZO KE UM EE AAJI UnsyZ 1 ZIM L illit uff fii uj a UL vorm ui E gt IGI N A oe Il co co Mi co o MINI NN 6 O 177 Congratulation Congratulation Wie gt gt GGT _A 0 v 0 U U _ O zx ACX B vo Z x Hs N NV Z v N gt XS SY A AO 3 AAA lt gt lt lt lt Cv Cv 4 v v v lt m 4 0Y YVVVN J
368. T a 95 1 4 gt PPP 95 2 je IIIA AI tnn 97 3 een nnn 98 fmm 100 Summary Boisterous language Analysis of structures and semiotic functions of emotive expressions in conversation on Japanese Internet bulletin board forum 2channel 133 Streszczenie Niespokojny j zyk Analiza struktur i funkcji semiotycznych wyra e emotywnych w konwersacji w j zyku japo skim Na przyk adzie japo skiego forum internetowego 2channel ssse tnn 135 BEE LUCA ee I III Ih hh hh hh hh hm th hh nnn 137 f AAA AA hh IA HII nn 142 BELH rrr HHIIIIIIIIIIIHIh hh hh mhi itti 144 ER ee 148 151 Bst Arkadiusz Jab o ski 1
369. UCf ET ZREE FOURNVODE BE 10 10 FT
370. a Krystyna ik 1959 O wyrazie uczu u cz owieka i zwierz t Warszawa Pa stwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Le ne Everly George S Jr Rosenfeld Robert 1981 The Nature and Traetment of the Stress Response A Practical Guide for Clinicians Plenum Press Radzicki J zef EA 1992 Stres przyczyny terapia i autoterapia Warszawa Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN Sp z 0 0 Gudykunst William B 1991 Bridging Differences Effective Intergroup Communication Sage Publications Inc I CC 1993 Hall Edward T 1966 The Hidden Dimention Hol wka Teresa 2005 Ukryty wymiar Warszawa 145 Warszawske Wydawnictwo Litrackie MUZA SA Hall Edward T 1959 The Silent language Garden City NY Doubleday ESLER RHY hl M FRET SK 1966 PERO Z Lit ABs Horney Karen 1968 The Neurotic Personality of Our Time New York W Norton Co Grzegolowska Helena Obuchowski Kazimeirz 1982 Neurotyczna osobowosc naszych czas w wyd II Warszawa PWN Nakane Chie 1972 Human Relations In Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Japan Summary Translation of Nakane Chie 1967 Tateshakai no Ningen Kankei Tokyo Kodansha Ohme Rafa Krzysztof Czy te oczy mog k ama Baczy ski Jerzy Polityka nr 15 2550 15 04 2006 Warszawa P
371. awa Wydawnictwo Albatros Andrzej Kury owicz Wi niewski Janusz Leon 2001 S motnos w Sieci Wo owiec Wydawnictwo Czarne S C Warszawa Pr szy ski i S ka SA 2002 7 7 41 Little Brother Inc Brother Warszawa Carisma Entertiment Group Vector Inc http www vector co jp soft win95 writing se101662 html 2006 09 08 H 2 http www 2ch net 2006 7 21 A Wikipedia www wikipedia co jp 2006 7 17 A MEDO http www medo jp anatomy_j htm 2006 05 27 A 146 2003 Electronic Dictionary 2003 Electronic Dictionary BP 2003 Electronic Dictionary 2 2002 2 2 Microsoft Corporation 2001 Microsoft Bookshelf Basic 3 0 Wydawnictwo Naukowe
372. ce toFace Interaction Tax Sol 1975 World Antropology Kendon Adam Harris Richard M Ritchie Key Mary Organization of Behaviour in Face toFace Interaction The Hague Paris Mouton Publishers pp 47 62 Z T 2005 1 2004 2 1 2004 2 2004 1 NETT HOUR 1998 2004 1 1997 Argyle Michael 1994 The Psychology of Interpersonal Behaviour Domachowski Waldemar 1999 Psychologia stosunk w mi dzyludzkich Warszawa PWN Darwin Charles Robert 1872 The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals London Majlert Zofia Za wilichowsk
373. ctionary of Linguistics p 485 Malinowski 1972 pp 147 149 BER 22 1952
374. e hh hh hh hh 2 1 5 2 sn HH HH HII nnn 2 1 5 3 in n ZERO ceca qtu uni wea bu e qa Ries 2 1 6 eee s ttt 2 1 7 ala niit m 2 1 8 eee III hh hh hh hn hn nnn nn 2 1 9 R l EGEV MM 2 1 9 1 eee 2 1 1 0 BB lt 2 1 1 1 c e e e n MIHI III 2 2 t4 IO 2 2 1 2 2 2 exe Ahhh hh hh hh hh hn nn 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 o EP 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 ee eee 2 2 3 2 2 lt 2 2 3 3
375. iolinguistics pp 288 289 GAHRUEKICI5 65 2 G v 2 C 7 1 24 6 LS 3 C 0 30 OC v GG CA 2
376. j cych warstw niewerbalna Najcz ciej wyra ane uczucia to pozytywne i negatywne wzburzenie uczucie niech ci oraz rado ci System komunikacji funkcjonuj cy na 2channel mimo e w stosunku do rozmowy na ywo wykazuje pewne ograniczenia daje u ytkownikom du o swobody wypowiedzi oraz szerokie mo liwo ci formowania nowych wyra e Rozmowa obfituje w emocje a nowe wyra enia g wnie te imituj ce przekaz niewerbalny cho cz sto do skomplikowane wynikaj z potrzeby chwili i pojawiaj si masowo niczym grzyby po deszczu Okre lenie j zyk emocji nasuwa si samo Si gaj c do japo skiego slangu mo na r wnie u y okre lenia moeru gengo j zyk bujny pe en niepokoju i wzburzenia J zyk ten pozornie tylko nieprzewidywalny i bez adny starano si w ramach pracy opisa w odniesieniu do klasycznych kategorii wyr nianych w ramach bada nad komunikacj j zykow 136 PRI YP y 7A Q gt 2 2channelers 2 2channel 2 Qchannel language ASCII ART gt BBS Bulletin Board System gt
377. lem niniejszej pracy jest zbadanie funkcji warstwy emotywnej j zyka w japo skiej konwersacji Jako baz wypowiedzi wykorzystano japo skie forum internetowe 2channel J zyk funkcjonuje w kana ach werbalnym i niewerbalnym Funkcja emotywna j zyka dotycz ca w najwi kszym skr cie wyra ania uczu realizowana jest werbalnie poprzez wykrzyknienia zdrobnienia przekle stwa czy w j zyku japo skim wyra enia mimetyczne gitaigo Kluczow rol w wyra aniu uczu odgrywa r wnie leksykon s w opisuj cych uczucia Na pograniczu werbalno ci i niewerbalno ci mo na m wi o cechach parasegmentalnych takich jak intonacja modulacja czy ton g osu Elementy niewerbalne pe ni ce funkcj emotywn to j zyk cia a body language wraz ze wszystkimi jego elementami takimi jak gest mimika spojrzenie czy poza Dystans mi dzy interlokutorami a wi c i to czy w danej sytuacji wypada wyra a uczucia definiuje proksemika Rozw j cywilizacji oznacza tak e rozw j nowych rodk w komunikacji Jako powszechne narz dzie codziennej komunikacji wykorzystywany jest dzi Internet Wiele popularnych system w komunikacji internetowej opiera si g wnie na transmisji sygna w zakodowanych w ci gach liter znak w interpunkcyjnych symboli etc Takie ograniczenia struktury kana u komunikacyjnego wp ywaj r wnie na samo u ycie j zyka A jednak wirtualna rzeczywisto rozwija si i powoduje powstawanie rodowisk funkcjonuj c
378. mmunication virtual reality verbal communication half duplex high context culture 3 27 28 29 30 31 58 59 95 3 37 42 68 96 3 28 23 40 42 43 69 27 28 35 68 96 reduction ad absurdum paralanguage parole vulgarism HE parable informal style feedback Eu nij nul pooh pooh theory forum paralanguage full duplex broadcast blog sentence accent declarative sentence vowel dialect pause pos gt BH body language homo sapiens homo sedens eye contact multicast gesticulation gt af PA
379. mpressive emotional interjection expressive interjection emotive function m WR BX BI bln BO ELA RO ZH ulga a IER CC OPE REON gt 2 Eu gt ELI BON gt EED gt xb o impressive interjection conative function Gnvitation Q b AB z70 AN
380. ning through verbal channel like interjections mimetic expressions or emotive lexicon on 2channel we can also observe system of signs and symbols being used to convey nonverbal information Pictures created only with punctuation marks and symbols typed from the keyboard illustrate face expressions gestures or poses Loosely treated extensions and multiple repetitions of vowels or exclamation marks symbolize excitement and emphasis Peculiar slang based on systematically used spelling mistakes implements atmosphere of informality 133 Many of these neologisms although known for a long time have been treated up till now as a play or a funny addition to internet speech However it seems that on Zchannel there can be seen a difference in attitude to such means of communication Emotive expressions on 2channel have three main functions according to its influence on communication environment 1 constructive function is a traditional realization of emotive function of language 2 destructive function is realized in asocial behavior and introduces confusion and disorder to communicative environment 3 phatic function substituting for basic phatic elements typical for Japanese communication environment like aisatsu or aizuchi which are difficult to realize in this medium in this function emotive expressions maintain the communication channel open Expressing emotions on 2channel is an indispensable element of conversation Quantitative analysis
381. olityka Sp dzielnia Pracy Schank Roger C Abelson Robert P 1977 Scripts Plans Goals and Understanding An Inquiry into Human Knowledge Strucures Hillsdale New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers Sugiyama Lebra Takie 2004 The Japanese Self in Cultural Logic Hawaii University of Hawaii Press Szopski Marek 2005 Komunikowanie mi dzykulturowe Warszawa Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne Wessel Milton R 1974 Freedom s Edge the Computer Threat to Society USA Addison Wesley Publishing Company So tysi ski Stanis aw ik 1976 Komputer i Spo ecze stwo Warszawa Wiedza Powszechna 2005 l 1997 LJ SOR 2004 A1402SIII 2 KDDI ERR A 2005 EES 55 15 F Iwasaki Mineko 2002 Geisha A Life Atria Books Nowakowski Witold 2003 Gejsza z Gion wyd I Warsz
382. omas A 1966 Style in Language Massachusetts The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press Kasza Robert 1990 Japanese Polish Glossary of Political Terms Poznan Adam Mickiewicz Uniwersity Institute of Linguistics Labov William 1972 Sociolinguistic Patterns Philadelphia PA Pennsylvania Press Laver John Communicative functions of Phatic Communion Tax Sol 1975 World Antropology Kendon Adam Harris Richard M Ritchie Key Mary Organization of Behaviour in Face toFace Interaction The Hague Paris Mouton Publishers pp 215 238 C T Lyons John 1979 Semantics Cambridge Cambridge University Press Malinowski Bronis aw Phatic Communion Laver John Hutcheson S 1972 Communication Face toFace Interaction Harmondsworth Penguin Books Mesthrie Rajend 2001 Concise Encyclopedia Of Sociolinguistics Oxford Elsevier Science Ltd Mizutani Osamu and Nobuko 1993 Communication Cues 3 Tokyo The Japan Times Oberwinkler Michaela 2005 New tendencies of the Japanese language on the Internet Analyzing Japanese Internet diaries 11th International Conference of the European Association for Japanese Studies Vienna University of Vienna Pola ski Kazimierz 1999 Encyklopedia J zykoznastwa Og lnego wyd II Wroc aw Ossolineum Strazny Philipp 2005 The Encyclopedia of Linguistics Oxon Taylor amp Francis Books Yngve Victor H Human Linguistics and Fa
383. oo Web 42 BBS Bulletin Board System BBS WWWw 1 2 2
384. ych coraz bardziej jako pe noprawne grupy spo eczne Wirtualne spo eczno ci funkcjonuj cz sto w oparciu o internetowe fora Rozmowa za po rednictwem forum medium niezwykle rozbudowanego pod wzgl dem tematycznym polega na wymianie widocznych dla wszystkich u ytkownik w wiadomo ci wpisywanych w okna dialogowe bez mo liwo ci wyboru odbiorcy czy przerwania nadawcy w trakcie wypowiedzi Ka dy u ytkownik mo e stworzy w asny temat rozmowy co umo liwia nieograniczon swobod wypowiedzi 2channel http www 2ch net to popularne japo skie forum internetowe kt rego cech szczeg ln jest anonimowo przekazu Wypowiedzi bez podpisu pojawiaj si w nim z domy ln warto ci Nanashi san Bezimienny U ytkownikowi niezorientowanemu w tej konwencji mo e wydawa si e to jedna i ta sama osoba rozmawia sama z sob W kanale komunikacyjnym o takich cechach jak 2channel realizacja funkcji emotywnej mo e wyda si ograniczona w por wnaniu do rozmowy na ywo Istniej ce ograniczenia wymuszaj na u ytkownikach stworzenie strategii komunikacyjnych rekompensuj cych ograniczenia medium Opr cz tradycyjnych sposob w na przekazanie znaczenia emotywnego kana em werbalnym jak wykrzykniki wyra enia mimiczne czy leksykon emotywny na Zchannel mo na zaobserwowa r wnie wykorzystanie systemu znak w i symboli do przekazywania informacji niewerbalnych Obrazy tworzone jedynie za pomoc znak w pr
385. zestankowych i symboli wpisywanych z klawiatury odzwierciedlaj wyrazy twarzy gest lub poz Lu no potraktowane przed u enia i wielokrotne powt rzenia samog osek czy wykrzyknik w symbolizuj wzburzenie i emfaz Swoisty slang 135 bazuj cy na systemowo stosowanych b dach ortograficznych wprowadza atmosfer nieformalno ci Wiele z element w owej nowomowy cho u ywanych od dawna traktowanych by o dotychczas bardziej jako forma zabawy czy dowcipny dodatek do rozmowy internetowej Wydaje si e na 2channel mo na jednak zaobserwowa zmiany w podej ciu do takich rodk w przekazu Wyra enia emotywne na 2channel pe ni trzy g wne funkcje w zale no ci od ich wp ywu na rodowisko komunikacyjne 1 funkcja konstruktywna tradycyjnie realizuj ca funkcj emotywn j zyka 2 funkcja destruktywna objawiaj ca si w zachowaniach aspo ecznych i wprowadzaj ca do rodowiska komunikacyjnego zamieszanie 3 funkcja fatyczna zast puj ca trudne do zrealizowania poprzez to medium podstawowe elementy fatyczne typowe dla japo skiego rodowiska komunikacyjnego takie jak aisatsu czy aizuchi w tym przypadku wyra enia emotywne s u utrzymaniu kana u komunikacyjnego w stanie otwartym Wyra anie uczu stanowi na 2channel nieod czny sk adnik konwersacji Analiza ilo ciowa wyra e emotywnych na 2channel wykazuje u ycie obok tradycyjnych wyk adnik w warstwy werbalnej prostych i ekonomicznych rodk w symulu
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