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1. EST Process of Reading Comprehension in English for Science and Technology EST Top down process Top down Schemata knowledge on words knowledge on topic genre expectancy2. Section 2 3 outlined the experimental technique adopted in the present work The present work has thrown light on the mechanism of heterogeneity in the FCA Yoshida ibid 43 reality 4 5 Progressive form
3. 7 Therefore If so As a result LT EST Mechanical Engineering Electronic Engineering EKRI Civil Engineering Information Engineering s EST
4. 27 Comparison and contrast JU WE oj HR TE similar both comparable although whereas on the other hand unlike however in comparison to be different from etc Classification types characteristics factors classes kinds subset division categories sig nificant major method etc Definition kind form species category device characteristics aspect method clarify er plain define paraphrase attribute etc EST EST
5. a This paper describes some factors influencing small turbocharger design and describes some techniques used in their development b Use of electronics has shortened the time between development and production 4 Major tense distinctions in EST EST 23 4 1 The simple present tense a The sun rises in the east and sets in the west b Water boils at 100
6. RNN 8 21
7. BiKXimu scia EST EST 2 Bartlett 1932 Rumelhart 1980 Anderson 1980 7 ESL EFL Rumelhart ibid nc tu s E
8. 7 connectors to connect ideas 6 Connectors to connect ideas 1 Additional information and in addition also etc 2 Restatement in other words that is in short etc 3 Listing first second finally then next etc 4 Contrasting information however but although on the other hand in contrast etc 5 Examples for example for instance such as include including etc 6 Causes due to because of etc 7 Consequences as a result so therefore consequently etc 7 EST EST EST
9. Ex2 25 Exl Tests have been made and are in progress in order to define physical parameters of compost Ex 2 Most past studies on this phenomenon have been conducted on pool boiling 4 4 The present perfect tense Ex Blitz et al have determined the oxygen dissociation pressure of U3O8 by dosimetery They reported that the limiting composition was UO2 61 at 1 160 C Blitz et al
10. action verb static verb consisting reactor 26 65 2014 a The reactor is consisting of two regions Ungrammatical b This is the reactor consisting of two regions Grammatical 4 6 Future tense will Volition These findings will suffice to permit more precise estimation of the cross sections Yoshida ibid 45 The door will not open The engine will not s
11. Six types of MSW composts were under experimentation in order to verify their possible utilization as daily temporary and final covering N and P content showed that composts could introduce nutrients into the landfill 4 3 The present perfect passive tense 1 Ex1
12. Muntoni 1996 MSW compost the use of MSW composts in landfills brings the following advantages a compost can act as buffering material enhancing waste stabilization and limiting clogging of leachate draining system b compost can decrease the content of some heavy metals in leachate under basic conditions Muntoni et al 1996 21 Muntoni ibid 4 2 The simple past tense EST
13. EST EST EST EST ICT Word Smith Eva Text Analysis EST Anderson R C and P D Pearson 1984 A schema theoretic view of basic processes in reading comprehension m P D Pearson et al eds Handbook of Reading Research New York Longman Esaki S and Higuchi A 1995 Getting a Handle on Engineering English Tokyo Kenkyusha Publishing Huckin T and Olsen L 1983 English for Science and Technology a Handbook for Non native Speakers New York MacGraw Hill Hutchingson T and Waters A 1987 English for Specific Purposes Cambridge
14. T EST E 28 65 2014 EST EST EST EST expe
15. EST EST Tense distinc tion EST EST Manual EST Civil Engineering EST due 20 65 2014 EST EST Ox
16. background knowledge Interaction Reconstruction of the text Comprehension Bottom up Schemata recognizing shapes knowledge of word amp phrases meaning linguistic feature in EST article the passive Bottom up process personification modals imperative participial construction EST paragraph developments 1995 3 EST Salient grammatical feature in EST EST EST 3 1 Special uses in definite article 22 65 2014 a The principle of relativity
17. b The recent presidential election c The IBM 3000 d The Komatsu D57542 lt Rubber plug method of tubeless tire repair 1 Remove puncturing object if still in the tire Tire is not dismounted from the rim 2 Fil tire with air to 30psi Dip probe into cement insert it into injury and work up and down to lubricate injury Trimble 1985 121 3 2 The passive without agents EST agent agen a Metric units are not used in measuring atoms b Each piston is provided with a toroidal shaped combustion chamber where the fuel is well mixed to assure good combustion 3 3 Personification Anthropomorphic Structure EST
18. C and freezes at 0 C I recommend that we continue to use the lime reactant agent in our desulfurization process Huckin and Olsen 1983 441 the simple present tense can use occasionally in an important contrastive way to indicate a gen eralization that is not restricted to the past or to the future Such generalization often represent eval uative judgements or interpretations on the writer s part and thus are crucially important to good writing Many technical writers often fail to make interpretive statements when such state ments are called for This is because many technical people tend to think that they should report only the facts then consequently they tend to use long sequences of past tense They should not report only the facts but look for appropriate opportunities to make generalizations For example when the writer explains his her experimental results by using diagrams graphs tables and figures he she can use
19. CUP Muntoni et al 1996 Alternative Utilization of MSW Compost in Landfills A paper read at International Landfill Seminar of 29 Waste Kagoshima National College of Technology Rumelhart D E 1980 Schemata the building blocks of cognition in R J Spiro B C Bruce and W F Brewer eds Theoreti cal Issues in Reading Comprehension Hilsdale N J Erlbaum Swales J M 1990 Genre Analysis Cambridge CUP Trimble L 1985 English for Science and Technology A Discourse Approach Cambridge CUP fili 1991 AKAH 7 KF
20. the simple present tense although the experiments were conducted at some specific time in the past ibid 441 442 a Table 1 clearly revealed this effect b Table 7 clearly reveals this effect c Strong exotherimic peaks were seen in the thermogram shown in Fig 1 d Strong exothermic peaks are seen in the thermogram shown in Fig 1 24 65 2014 evaluative judgement opinion
21. 3 K Repository A Study of Reading Comprehension in English for Science and Title ed EST Schema Theory and Salient Linguistic estures Author s E HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHH HH ulain ofthe Citation Faculty of Education Kagoshima University Studies in education 65 19 29 Issue Date 2014 03 14 URL http hdl handle net 10232 20581 K Wi ks http ir kagoshima u ac jp KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY 19 A Study of Reading Comprehension in English for Science and Technology EST Schema Theory and Salient Linguistic Features HIGUCHI Akihiko higuti edu kagoshima u ac jp LI d 2013 10 22 xi Abstract This study deals with reading comprehension of English for Science and Technology EST discuss ing salient linguistic features in bottom up reading processes in Schema Theory This study particularly discusses tense distinction in EST being different from those found in general English EST writers more often than not compose their study articles experiments and reports using by these features They are discussed and illustrated in manuals in Mechanical Engineering and academic articles in Civil En gineering These features include special uses of the definite article t
22. ctancy EST EST EST EST 3Cs Conciseness Concreteness Clearness EST EST EST EST EST Writing
23. he simple present the simple past the use of the passive without agents the future tense the present perfect the present perfect continuous the progressive and the personification anthropomorphic structure Some typical patterns of paragraph development in EST are also shown in this study along with examples of salient words and phrases used in the patterns The salient features in tense distinction and paragraph developments in EST should be understood by EST learners in advance of reading texts These features exist as linguistic com ponents in bottom up processes in Schema Theory In so doing the reading comprehension of EST will be much more effective and successful for EST readers Key words EST Schema Theory General English tense distinction authentic manuals para graph developments linguistic components bottom up process 1 2013 7 6 JACET 26 EST English for Science and Technology EST
24. tart Esaki amp Higuchi ibid 16 Habit a This solid will vaporize when we heat it b Good lubrication will reduce the friction c A magnet will point north and south when it moves free Yoshida ibid 45 Assumption The future will bring great advances in the mechanical devices used with computer systems Ability will a The hall will seat five hundred b The flight to Osaka used to take two hours but by the new route it will be forty five minutes Esaki amp Higuchi ibid will 5 Paragraph dap EST 1 2 3
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