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1. 1995 ISDN 7 7 5 62. GPS m 2 0m NTT A a KU 25mH 80 52000nT 0 1nT 0 2nT 0 5nT
3. 2 3 3 B 3 1 a XYZ 3 b 6 c 0 2nT 2 a 500nT b 0 01nT c 0 05nT d 0 5 e XYZ 50000nT 0 1nT day 0 1nT f 100nT 0 5
4. VAN VAN 7 1 1995 5 15 19
5. VAN VAN DC 1986 2001 Tohnston 1987 1997 Park et al 1993 1933 Yanagihara and Nagano 1976 Mori 1987 Stacy1964 29
6. 1 37 1 2 123 132 1997 Park S K M J S Johnston T R Madden F D Morgan and H F Morrison Electromagnetic Precursors to earthquakes in the VLF band A review of observations and mechanisms Reviews of Geophysics 31 117 132 1993 15 186pp 1980 232pp 1986 620pp 2001 35 1 2 15 18 1995 Stacey F D The seismomagsnetic effect Pageoph 58 5 22 1964
7. TI 104 37 1997 44 391 405 1991 NS 7 15 1994 CA 85 94 1990 Utada H On the physical background of the VAN earthquake prediction method Tectonophysics 224 153 160 1993 Uyeshima M M Kinoshita H Iino and S Uyeda Earthquake prediction research by neans of telluric potential monitoring Progress report No 2 Preliminary study on Teshikaga channel 2 Signals and the seismicity in the region off Kushiro Bull Earthq Res Inst 64 487 515 1989 Uyeshima M Applcation of network MT method to the study of electrical conductivity structure in the crustal and eastern part of Hokkaido Ph D thesis Univ of Tokyo 332pp 1990 Uyeshima M W Kanda and Y Kono Directional p
8. 1 4 3 1 Ep iga OO o jeso 2390 CV 21 1 1 Ee a x NL G L i ae NN N s Re ek 8 NR RE ir SN WW RNN 1850 mm Drie ekr 1 4 3 1996 A
9. 1995 Electromagnetic Research Group for the 1995 Hyogo ken Nanbu Earthquake 1997 Honkura et al 1996a b VAN VAN VAN 1995 3 14 23 VAN Varotsos VAN 1 2 VAN VAN VAN
10. 1 2 SES 1 et 2 3 i 3 1 2 gt 3 1 2 3 SES SES Varotsos
11. 2 1937 1938 1943 1984 S N 1967 Mori 1987
12. 3 VAN 1 4 1 4 1 NTT m
13. VAN SES Uyesima et al 1998 Kanda et al 2000 VAN 1980 SES Varotsos and Alexopoulos 1984a b 1985 SES 1994 10 VAN 0
14. Mori 1987 NTT 10km 1987 S N BAYTAP G Sq Ozima et al 1989 150 200km 6 9 NTT MT Uyeshima 1990 Uyesima et al 2001
15. VAN VAN 1980 NTT Uyesima et al 1989 Kawase et al 1993 Nagao et al 1996 VAN 3 000 34 SES 14 VAN 1996
16. 1978 12 1979 8 1 1976 10 1995 1 17
17. 1 1 mV Edit 2000712731 00 00 00 gt 2000712731 23 59 59 Wow Winwpwwwawamwhpwh WA 00712731 0 m AM 00 00 03 00 06 00 09 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 1 5 6 2000 12 31 UT 1 1 mV 12 10mV km 100mV km
18. 4 1 13 3 31 3 1 4 1 21 6 1 3 5 No 1 4 5 8 11 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
19. B 1996 10 22 3 1 5 7 1 5 9 1996 10 22 1 5 7 3 X Y Z 6 3 nT 3 UT 31450 PF 31350 23 75 35125 35075 gt KL ML 3 3 1 5 8 1 5 9 mV 3 1 5 7 3 10 22 09 3 Z X Y
20. VAN eg VAN 60 1991 100km M 0 7 1 2001 Geller 1996 VAN Lighthill 1996 VAN VAN VAN
21. NTT 21 6 3 1 7 9 MT NTT 10 11 12 15 8 1 8 12 2 9 2 13 2 19 23 3 11 15
22. 1964 7 1965 4 8 1968 5 16 M 7 9 1969 4
23. 2 2 A 1 4 1 21 0 2 GPS a 5V b 10zV 20 c 4z V RMS d 10 V C e 10MQ f 20ch 13ch g amp 0 5Hz 1Hz 60dB h 1sec i 1V 0 5 3
24. 1 5 8 1 5 9 16 20 UT Edit 1996 10 22 00 00 00 gt 1996 10 22 23 59 59 H H 1 1 96 10 22 00 00 03 00 06 00 09 00 j 96710723 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 00 00 1 5 7 1996 10 22 3 3 3 X Y Z 6
25. SES 3 VAN 1 SES 2 3 3 3 1 Varotsos 1990 Utada 1993 Ishido and Mizutani 1981 1995 2 3 SES
26. 6432 1995 7 2001 1 2001
27. 1 1 nT Edit 1996 10 22 00 00 00 gt 1996 10 22 23 59 59 MM yp hy WW WW MW ww 300 Li 300 500 Li 500 N 96710 22 eioos 00 00 03 00 06 00 09 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 1 5 8 1996 10 22 1 1 1 mV Edit 1996 10 22 00 00 00 gt 1996 10 22 23 59 59 0 mama 06 00 12 00 15 00 21 00 1 5 9 1996 10 22 2 1 1 mV 14 31600 31300 33100 33000 25 FG 2 30 FG 20 Edit 1997 05 01 00 00 00 gt 1997 07 31 23 59 59 1 97 05 01 97 06 01 00 00 00 00 1 5 10 X Y Z 97 07 02 00 00 3
28. 3 37 6 3 2 1 4 4 1996 mV 1 gt nT 3 nT A 1996 4 2001 3 3 B 1 5 2 A 1 5 1 1 5 4 20 1 5 1 1 5 2 2000 11 1 30 1 1 1 mV 1 5 3 1 5 4 2000 11 1 1 1 3 mV UT
29. 10Hz 1z day 10 30 60sec b 42000 B GPS a UTC b 1msec 1 4 2 3 3 0 3 XYZ 3 GPS 3 0 1 0 2nT 3
30. 12 31 24 12 31 1 5 5 1 5 6 2000 12 31 2000 12 31 09 2001 1 1 09 18 UT Edit 2000 11 01 00 00 00 gt 2000 11 30 23 59 59 il I yl HI i ll 500 500 NN hil Nl jt hi Mb RY IN HIM I I MW TM 1 5 1 1 1 1 mV 2000 11 1 30 UT Edit 2000711701 00 00
31. VAN SES VAN VAN 1997
32. Varotsos Alexopoulos Nomikos Seismo Electric Signal SES Varotsos and Alexopoulos 1984ab SES 1 2 3 4 5 SES SES 1mV 100m
33. 3 X Y Z nmT 1997 5 1 7 31 UT 1 5 10 1997 5 7 3 3 X Y Z nT 3 30 3 10C 3 1 Electromagnetic Research Group for the 1995 Hyogo ken Nanbu Earthquake Tectono electric signal related with the occurrence of the 1995 Hyogo ken Nanbu Earthquake M7 2 results of electromagnetic observation around the focal area J Phys Earth 45 91 104 1997 Geller R J Debate on VAN Geophys Res Lett 23 1291 1452 1996 H
34. 34 60 34 50 34 40 Latitude 34 30 34 20 NG3 E G134 ira el 2 pe es st 2 3 hg lesslsyoke l 280 EEC lm sve so ml wa gwrerelewmr el 7 6 Ears im s rms sr gl sn re Io Ere rm Ii mW sre sl 12 053 sos ml jis Mu Es r 14 pe leswe el EE EEZ m 16 RE 0 svar wl 17 rae sl EE EE EO Ed Ed TE mn PE vss 2 20 MW pg lsylgwy el 134 50 134 60 134 70 134 80 134 90 135 00 Fi 3 P E Longitude 1 4 1 1997 B 1 900X900X1 5mm 4 30cm 3m 4 1
35. oo ee SES SES SES 10 1 i 200m km 2 1995 1 60 10 3 2001 2 7 4 2 1
36. 2 1 NTT 1 2 1 4 2 C km NTT NTT NTT 1 4 2 2 21 6 GPS NTT 1 2 1 4 2
37. 1 1 1 1 1962 1980 1986 1963 5
38. 2 3 Yanagihara and Nagano 1976 2
39. mV km 100mV 1V 1 1 5 1 1 5 2 1 1 1 5 3 1 5 4 18 UT 1 1 18 UT 3 JR
40. VAN 1994 2001 1991 1992 1 3 VAN VAN 0
41. in Izu Oshima Island and the earthquake swarm off the east Izu Peninsula Tectonophysics 224 83 94 1993 Lighthill J Ed A critical review of VAN World Scientific Singapore 376pp 1996 1996 Mori T Variations in the geoelectric field with relation Japan to crustal conditions of the Barth Geophys Magazine 42 41 104 1987 Nagao T M Uyeshima and S Uyeda An independent check of VAN s criteria for signal recognition Geophys Res Lett 23 1441 1444 1996 209pp 2001 1993 13 164 174 1995 Ozima M T Mori and H Takayama Observaton of earth potential using telegraphic facilities and analysis with BAYTAP G J Geomag Geoelectr 41 945 962 1989 44 177 184 1991 14 20 28 1992 96 5 16 19 1996
42. 00 gt 2000 11 30 23 59 59 500 1 500 300 300 500 500 300 300 500 1 5 2 1 1 1 mV 2000 11 1 30 UT Edit 2000 11 01 00 00 00 gt 2000 11 01 23 59 59 Mn a TNR 13 00 18 00 21 00 00 00 1 5 3 1 1 1 mV 2000 11 1 UT MM wi NN M i i i MM ow ms bo MM MM ll WMI 1 1 5 4 1 1 mV 2000 11 1 UT Edit 2000 12 31 00 00 00 gt 2000 12 31 23 59 59 PWM MM hi photo PT 5 wm w mw ET _we 03 00 06 00 09 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 1 5 5 2000 12 31 UT
43. 1 4 2 4 1 4 2 1 3 3 GPS GPS 1msec NTT ISDN 1 4 4 1 5 1 5 1 1
44. J eomag Geoelectr 28 157 163 7 53 58 1943 1976 19 12 7 20 61 7 53 58 1967 64 1984 l
45. onkura Y H Tsunakawa and M Matsushima and preliminary Variation of the electric potential in the Vicinity of the Nojima fault during the activity of aftershocks of the 1995 Hyogo ken Nanbu earthquake J Phys Earth 44 397 403 1996a Honkura Y H Tsunakawa and M Matsushima Behaviour of the electric potential during the activity of aftershocks of the M7 2 earthquake Japan with Special reference to SES of VAN in A Critical Review of VAN Bd by J Lishthill World Scientific Singapore 303 313 1996b CA 100 105 1995 Ishido T and H Mizutani Experimental and theoretical basis of electrokinetic phenomena in rock water systems and its applications to geophysics J Geophys Res 86 1763 1775 1981 Johnston M J S Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying Seismic and volcanic activity Surveys in Geophysics 18 441 475 1997 Johnston M J S Tectonomagnetism and tectonoelectricity Reviews of Geophysics 25 983 988 1987 Kanda W M Uyeshima and S Uyeda Electric field polarization around loannina VAN station Greece inferred from a resistvity mapping Phys Earth Planet Interi 119 269 2000 Kawase T S Uyeda M Uyeshima and M Kinoshita Possible correlation between geoelectric potential change
46. ropertes of VAN s SES and ULF MT signals at Ioannina Greece Phys Earth Planet Interi 105 153 1998 Uyeshima M Utada H Nishida Y Network magnetotelluric method and its first results in central and eastern Hokkaido NE Japan Geophys J Int 146 1 19 2001 Varotsos P and K Alexopoulos Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the earth preceding earthquakes I Tectonophysics 110 73 98 1984a 16 Varotsos P and K Alexopoulos Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the earth 11 433 444 1933 preceding earthquakes II Determination of 11 12 27 epicenter and magnitude Tectonophysics 110 99 10 26 125 1984b 15 158 160 1937 Yanagihara K T Nagano Time change of transfer 13 1 12 function in the central Japan anomaly of 16 295 297 1938 conductivity with special reference to earthquake 18 9 10 occurrences
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