核実験監視に係る放射性核種監視の現状
Contents
1. 00000000000000000000 000000000 tut 111 11 000900000000000000000000000 000 111 UU LU LU luta 00000000 00000 00 C 1 1111111111 0000000 20091 1111111111111111111 LE TELE 11 IMSO O O OU OOO 00090 00000000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 CIBTOL O O O O OO 1 1 AAA HD r i PEPPER ql I b LL LLI FT 73 CT TP mee gt De A es E 5 4 AE F 1 ALA i pyar a r A 19 Nira i n MA Tir 14515 az hy T LU E L da zi a IA S LT y 1 60 3 ir Ula Da AS A A Ms a i ree y f J E P 4 J w D 7 yu 4 J P h 4 Y F us u L m 44 gu 2 RA mls zr T noc Em T ob adm Hu i L 4 7 3 1 ae AA WT IE at 0 k 1 7882 Ha Mv nk ry 4 8 Tq a E i a EE2. 1 4 JIUL NDCH IDCO UUO P0081 T Sego EEG ADatabase OAutoDRM WBweb OFowarding Continuous Data Bl Subscription Msg 0 ET EE EE 1 25111 1 600 1 800 1 400 Energy keV FL EI JPP38 001 1 200 m a Cn c a ea al EL LL Ex TR oo t3 LE 111 HEAD by v WEG 1 1 214 K 40 Pa 234m 210 Pb 212F Pb 214 Ra 226 U 235 T eum Jad spuna 2 ettinesitoda EN 187 B EBOB G Documents and 0 i E 2 Tipp d BUD RS MEET Log Scale Linear Scale fie eee 072 Be 7 Ac 228 v 000000000 00000 413 133 1351 0 71 O lt Isec S O lsec 10sec 131 Sm 10sec 60sec on O Imin 10min 0 i 96 0s 23 2 22 8 a gt O gt 10min 1N o ae relevant 27142 1 87 2 8 er N 23 0 02 133 a 9 Xe Cs 1 pr 22 E 20 i 5 24d HD Eu 000 on 20596 14 7
3. gated spectrun lr yor IS ey 200 400 800 800 1 000 Beta Energy i keV Detector SID Archive Bottle ID Data Type JPx38 002 38200801 04201165 Ba Sampling Time Menon Vol ISAMPLEPHD 43 200 1 18456 0 11846 Processing Time s Collection Yield Category 25 022 0 92926 0 09293 2 M Acquisition Time 5 Air Volume m 40 201 16 46 AJ GET AB A T FOR ES RE 1 28 x 1 22 5 EE 2 BE TH XE FE TO Hh 1000 925 850 700hPa 8 90 1 cu 1 bhi HS AHX LE IMS ORR O OD EE E Ba 140 1 25x1020 m 188 7 69 1019 m 0000000 OOOO OL Field Of Regard 000000000000000 0000000000000 Activity Ratio Zr 0000000000000 0 001 0 0001 123 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 Time in Days mum mum mum um um mm 2 um mum um mum mum um C 00 00 2006 05 02 06 USP73 U 000 0 Pb 212F Pb 212F Concentration mBq m3 2006 03 02 2006 09 02 2007 03 02 2007 09 02 2008 03 02 2008 09 02 2009 03 02 RUP
4. 5 4 3 2 01 10 2006 02 11 2006 042 20 05 01 2007 DPRK 20091 5 SEL REBI EEUU UU 1 UL EFL B E EPU p 11 R tt H 111 11 BELLI LL B d E 0000000000 n k 00000 gt 058280000000 00 USLI6 5290000000 gt FILO 5310000000 Y gt 5300000000 GBLIS 5 290000000 52 111 ARL0 5 300000000 AIM based estimate of RN Detections Update 6 status 30 May 2009 afternoon PREPARATORY COMMISSION Station Name Earliest expected CS date of Earliest Distance Country plume arrival pertaining expected results km gt MDC sample JPP37 O 28 May 2009 0 UTC 29 2009 0 UTC 1June2009 noon 1500 Xenon Anon TA 28 2803 TUS 30 May 2009 COB JPX38 Gunma UTC ECMWF analysis only 1025 US NCEP gt very weak Particulate 1 Jun 2009 noon 29 May 2009 18 UTC e City 52 Quezon City 59 May 2009 18 UTC 30 2009 6 UTC 2 Jun 2009 noon 3065 Philippines eon Xenon l 3 F Ussuriysk 30 May 2009 22 2 Jun 2009 morning RUPS8 Russian ECMWF 03 UTC acid 350 Federation US NCEP 00 UTC Particulate Particulate 31 May 2009 0 UTC 3
5. 86 7 10 Be 7 Concentration mBq m3 2007 09 04 2008 03 04 2008 09 04 2009 03 04 10000000 ll Box Whisker Plot median 90 90 E E pur 9 k 0 c L J co 0 1 AUPO4 AU POG AUPOG AUPIO BRP11 13 CAF 15 10 e CAPI 18 18 KPJ3 FJP2b FRP2 FRP2S FRP31 DEP33 15P34 JPP37 3 39 KWP40 42 MRP43 45 2 46 4 PAPSO POPS PHP52 RUP54 RUP56 RUP58 RUP59 RUP61 5 6 TZP64 GBP66 GBP68 LI5P70 USP USP72 USP73 175 74 USP PS USP76 5 USP78 U5P79 JODODOODO Pp 212F Box Whisker Plot 1000 en E mm O d O C LL Eu I2 0 01 ARPO 4 AUPO6 A AUPOS AUPO9 AUPIO0 BRP11 CMP13 15 CAP16 1 LIPIM LCEPIS 1110 pa GA PMHPIM PMPSU FRPS lt 5 44 PpP1B 9 KWP40 MYPA MRP43 45 NZP46 NzP47 49 PAP SO PGP51
6. 7 0 05 92 0 61 135 e 82 1 o 85 3 Xe Cs Ba 1 d 6 M 9 14h 2 3x10 y L UU Beta gamma 3 E Rn Pb 214 e e Xe 135 o c LI e I a E E m 2 al CC Xe l3lm Xe 133m 3 g 714 Xe 133 O 100 120 140 160 180 Beta energy channels 1000 0 000009 Saunalvserz O Documents and Settings oda EN Ps gs AUN AYO 200801 051505 3 002 50066 18 Sample Detbk ERE J CH JP238_002 2008 01 05 15 05 FULL 700 650 800 550 500 Gamma Energy t keV a a a La e 250 200 150 100 50 200 400 600 Beta Energy keV 00 Concentration Lc k 1 mB im MDC mB g m 0093 0052 lt 0 031 0469 0091 0104 0221 Xe 135 0424 0334 0706 1 000 Station 38 Collection Start 2008 01 04 20 08 00 Collection Ston 2008 01 05 85 08 00 Acquisition Start 2008 01 05 15 08 02 1 1 x Gamma Spectrum I 1 000 ungated spectrum 100 4 8 gated spectrum 103 1 Wl i 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Grama Energy keV Beta Spectrum 100 l ungated spectrum 70 amp 30 30
7. I Level 2 3 67 E Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 m Not categolized 17 99 64 62 1619511 a LI Fm Os OS Er am A E a 1431 1 133 Cs 137 Other 91 Tc 99m 24 60 m Zn 69m 10000000000000 2009 10 11112009 4U Other 2 4 24 51 3 7 296 DPRK 20061 10 1 a Ce EE Q EET 000000000 0000000000 00000 1200717 L 0000000 00000000 y JPP327 T 0 0 8 DPRK 2006 10 00 y 101030 HH BE U DU l y DFO 1 1 y 110111 SAUNA HY 00 0 UU L y 90 LIDPRK IE 00060 11111 000 00 L y 101 111 UU a C y 00000 UU L 0 0 21 00 1 1111 O 0 700 15000000 119911 17 000 1 O 0000060 141 ID UU piti u 171 UB 40 0 5 FOIL 00000 y 111 0 00 00 OU 00000000 E Results normal background Atmospheric concentrations of Xe for all samples measured so far 64 additional samples measured during November 2006 January 2007 using the IMS type SAUNA Il system
8. 21 0 3 mBa m for HPGe O 00000 00000 1000000 000009 dudo 10000 LESS Ea E 112 L dL 0000000000000000 RASA Ng 00 00000 x 0 0 0 0 0 1 0000000 5 000000 T _ _ E TIVA 4 00000004 10 0000 Phase ye NGE internatior aN oble Gas Experiment C South America 8 B SAUNA Ci vei C SPALAX D ARIX e information Mucicar Aug 0000000 000 000000 FOI D coincidence y 000 coincidence y 1111 0 CEA DASE E PNNL B D coincidence y LSAUNA II i m PLC 5 os 20 E 0 0 0 L ke e SCU 1 n al 00000000 Nal crystal Xe inlet PM tube for gamma puises SAUNA IID 0000 CD ann 0 80 gt 0 0 000009 z Z 7 MB SPT SS 0000 00000
9. 0000 ggg gll gl P PPP P P P P P P PPP OO TCD 000 SAUNA II 000 000 0000008 CMS 8 10000000 seri 111 121111 100000 0 0 0000 Xe 133m Xe 133g Xe 135 m 0000000000090 Xe 1 Type of Release Amount One medical application 0 000074 0 0011 Large reprocessing plant per day up to about 0 0003 Single reactor average per day 0 005 Single reactor site average per day 0 01 Largest total reactor release ever reported per day 1 84 Single reactor pulse release average per pulse 0 004 Largest quarterly batch average reported fora single pulse 1 1 Large isotope production plant per day 3 14 Atmospheric 1 kt nuclear explosion 10000 Underground 1 kt nuclear explosion 1 release 100 O Kalinowski M B et al J Environ Radioactivity 100 58 70 2009 WOU UU UU 11 131m 133m 133g 1350 0 0 North America Japan 7 accumulated other Comparison of annual 1383 emisssions European reactors 0 27 PBq North American reactors 0 26 PBq A single Mo 99 production plant can release 1n the order of 1 PBq Generic annual emissions continuous and batch Tuma M et
10. 52 54 HUPS6 HUP amp 1 SEPB3 GBPS GBP68 USP YO USP71 USP72 115P73 USP74 USP75 USP76 Uu5P7 USP78 USP79 usp80 MDCT Pb 212F gt JPP37 JPP38 ra El 2 Pb 212F mBq m3 OS A te 2 N 1 gt EE as c AB N gt gt Hee d 5 41 eni er ES a AA En J T COEM SET 3 14 1 O gu bgu 2008 01 14 2008 04 15 2008 07 16 2008 10 16 2009 01 16 2009 04 18 2007 10 14 Upper Limit ND JPX38 3 O00 20070 100 140 0 20090 70 5 wd lt 0 2 0 2 0 5 0 5 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 5 0 5 0 10 0 Concentration mBq m3 AUX04 Melbourne 133Xel 0000 200091 101 1111 2009 71 m o E E O E 8 0 5 T LOT A j a 9 1 Aga 0 0 2009 01 01 2009 01 31 2009 03 02 2009 04 01 2009 05 01 2009 05 31 2009 06 30 O Xe 133 ND Upper Limit Lc AUX04 Melbourne 0 0 3 0000 200511 111 141 2009 5U S
11. EIU n mn ihe 21812 MADE EE FUG OE 00000 dd yo00d00000000 L y 00400000 00000000 0 yo000000000000000 0009000000000 00000 00000 000000000009 00 000009000000 y 00000000000 y 000 0000000 0000000000000 y 000000000000 0000001000 ANNA CTBTAMSU U UO UU UU UU UU l SIMSUUU gt 00000000 11 DULL 2002 51 UUUUUU ICIBTOU 0 0 BD 1 U 7I ELO BD 1 e 20021 9 j CTBTOUUUUUUU LU 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 200410 000000000000 20031 91 LI UU UU UCTBTOU 0 0000000000000 200300 9 31 C1810 O O O O E 20041 5 00 0 9 200611 91 CIBTH O D UU UU 1 UO dd E E 5 i 5 i 5 i g i 5
12. Jun 2009 morning Assuming a release of 1015 Bg MDC Xe 0 2 mBqm PTS IDC 30 May 2000 Page 1 2900 092005 290002004 7 CAPIE 8 58 UU eUSPTg e HN057 9 6 r PA DPRK 20091151 AEAN O O NbCH 4000000000180 UL 7 8 MNP45 52 RUP58 RUP60 ulli ilH HeNX22 JPX38 RUXSS 00000000 00 0000000 LUPP37 JPP38 JPX38 0000 0 Ar 37 LH UL UO UU UU 0 00 BEI L 1 E 02 11111111 H 1 E 01 Xe 133g 1 E 00 7 Xe 133m 1 E 01 00000 DPBq kt PBq kt fission of Pu 239 1 E 02 N Xe 13Im Pu 239 U 235 Xe 131m 285105 23 107 Xe 133m 0 247 0 022 Xe 133g 0 035 0 0033 Xe 135 15 4 3 00 1 E 05 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Time after detonation h 1 02 111111 1 1 01 1 00 1 01 1 E 02 1 E 03 PBq kt fission of Pu 239 1 5 04 1 E 05 20 40 60 80 100 Time after fission days mr RED 20091 S 00000000000000000 000000000000009 00000480 E 020060 100 O UU l
13. Jun 9 2009 11 4 2 5 10 VPN 0000000100 FPO 000800 10 A vented underground nuclear test Test Baneberry Time 15 30 00 20 GMT 18 December 1970 Location NTS Area 8d Test Height and Type Shaft 270 m Yield 10 kt RN release 6 7 MCi 12hr 00000 6 131 80 kCi l 000mi O OUD C O D L 11 O ELE ET http www nv doe gov nts default htm I Containment Failures Other 14 5 12 Contained 44 5 Operational Release 39 7 Radiological Effluents Released from Announced U S Continental Tests 1961 Through 1992 DOE NV 317 Rev 1 1996 FO E HB B ROP 8 np ee punas mw ADO 0000000 RELER CUN DES MOINES 1962 A 11 000 000 SEDAN 1962 15 000 000 BANEBERRY 1970 6 700 000 QN O DIAGNONAL LINE 1971 6 800 000000000000 HYBLAFAIR HURON LANDING MIGHTY OAK 38 000 ay 81 000 000 o Uke 12 9000 0009000 O O The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions OTA ISC 414 1989 Radiological Effluents Released from Announced U S Continental Tests 1961 Through 1992 DOE NV 317 Rev 1 1996 OU UU WOU O O O O L 4 11111 1111 11 5000 670000 3037000000000000 Preparatory Commission for the Compreh
14. S59 Zalesovo Pb 212F Pb 212F Concentration mBq m3 1400 1200 1000 800 m 600 MM CDU 400 200 i A LL 0 2007 06 26 2007 12 26 2008 06 26 2008 12 26 2009 06 Pb 212F Concentration mBq m3 PAP50 Panama Pb 212F 30 25 20 10 2005 06 01 2006 06 01 2007 06 01 2008 06 01 2009 06 Pb 212F Concentration mBq m3 MRP43 Mauritania 0 Pb 212F 11111 250 200 150 100 50 0 2006 07 18 2007 01 18 2007 07 18 2008 01 18 2008 07 18 2009 01 18 ARPO1 Buenos Aires Be 7 16 _ 14 10 Be 7 Concentration mBq m3 2001 09 23 2002 09 23 2003 09 23 2004 09 23 2005 09 23 2006 09 23 2007 09 23 2008 09 23 Be 7 Concentration mBq m3 CAP16 YellowknifeN 111111 Be 7 1 12 10 0 2003 04 01 2004 04 01 2005 04 01 2006 04 01 2007 04 01 2008 04 01 2009 04 01 JPPS7 700 UU Be 7 Concentration mBq m3 ERN 2006 09 12 2007 03 12 2007 09 12 2008 03 12 2008 09 12 2009 03 12 USPS0 Guam
15. al EGU2007 A 00380 2007 00000000 lt O LWR 1 1 10 e DUO Pu f U he E 3 T 10 0 lt 7 10 0 107 107 133 Xe 131m Kalinowski M B et al ACDIS Research Report 2005 Kalinowski M B et al J Environ Radioactivity 88 2006 215 235 AOC 000000 y000000000 00000 OU 11 1 1 1 1 00 11 028 100 000000000000 ISO IEC 17025 CTBT PTS INF 96 Rev 7 D 10000 TOKALCRL SOP TOKAI CRL WI 27 0000 oo 000000 TOKAI CRL INS TOKAI CRL MAN FORM TOKAI CRL SOP FORM TOKAI CAL ba 1400 0 U 140 results 51087 LO THV SO1VO Bas 901NO 20114 01288 801844 u NDC y0000000000000000 bd 444 441 0000000 000000000 000000 ALL eO Y Sil suem 5 1100 EIL ic 125451 E
16. ensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty CTBTO Facilities International ontong en Seismic primary array 55 Seismic primary three component station P5 3 Hydroacoustic hydrophone station Radionuclide station RIN Seismic auxiliary array JAS Seismic auxiliary three component station AS Hydroacoustic T Phase station HAI Radionuclide laboratory RL Infrasound station 15 International Data Centre PrepCom Vienna IMSO O OOO OL POO 60000 0000 24700 0000 9000 1 73 3 DU TERS Se B 8 WOU UU UU 1 AI 354 30 30 4 45 4 10 oon od UL 75 o E md Le e EM i Mad 75 NM p 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 00066 0000009 10 9000 000000 2 lt NS 2 D 1111 OOOO O 00 L 0000000 CTBT IMS 00000 gt 1 1111 y 111 T tita E 000 y Eua lt lt pr O O 08010 4000 HU UU 106111 availability gt 95 10 30 for 0
17. s 0 2 0 5 0 5 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 5 0 5 0 10 0 10 0 Concentration mBq m3 2009 03 28 2008 11 26 7 Upper Limit 2008 07 27 ND 155 O O O ON ON O O GN 2008 03 27 1 1 1 1 lt L gt un HE i e ao O XA 100 L gt Y 2007 11 25 gu bgu uogemgus2u03 USX75 Charlottesvile 20071 11112611 20091 df 25 E gt C i 0 2 0 5 0 5 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 5 0 3 0 10 0 gt 10 0 Concentration mBq m3 00000000000 0 0000 HUBU 00000 5 c k 4 AUXO9 BRX11 CNX22 JPX38 A NOX49 RUX58 SEX63 USX74 05 75 VI 133 Xe 131m 8 Xe 133m 8 135 Box Whisker Plot median 90 e E 2 maad k 44 4 o AUXOS AUXOS BRX11 22 JPX3B NZX46 NOX49 RUXSS SEXOS USX 4 USX75 5 79 CAXOS 16 17 CNX20 DEX33 45 PAXSO 1000000000009 E En Y Y 00000 N Y 0000000 100000 4 1 1 100000 1000 0000 00000 N N 0000000 005000000 O FPO O 100000 90080 8 03 0 06 Level 1 5 62 4
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