Trapping Network: User's Guide
Contents
1. 173005136 173055264 lt Prev Year Next Year gt cam pre D The editing and viewing window consists of three sections a header a footer and a detail section The header displays the Region and Year selected and the titles for the data columns The header s Find UTM text box allows you to locate a specific UTM coordinate Type a UTM value in the same format as described previously into the text window and press the Enter key and the system will search the database for that coordinate and display it in the first line of the detail section The circle labeled Working will darken when information is being processed The detail section contains the selected data Each row represents one phero mone trapping location The first column displays the UTM coordinates of the sample location while columns 3 to 5 show the number of male moths captured in the three traps at that location Column 6 displays the average for the three traps This figure is automatically calculated as data is entered in the other three columns however if the cooperator providing the data only gives average values these can be entered directly into the average column Additional columns in the detail section allow for input of auxiliary data Columns 2 7 8 and 9 provide space for the number of 3rd and 4th instar larvae per branch L3 L4 the number of 2nd instar larvae per 10 sq m of foliage L2 10M the2. C Maritimes C Newfoundland Location Table Location C Noith East Region C Hew Brunswick Map Resolution km G 10 On The Data Selection window Figure 9 allows you to select a region and year for processing Output Status Open Database C GIS DATABASE SBW MDB OK Creating list of Tables and Columns 0K Searching for Averages 1994 for ONT OK Found 268 records Producing Equidistant Azimuthal projection OK Creating IDRISI vector file for trap location OK Converting data to Geo EAS format 0K Found 4 duplicates Calculating defaults for variogram model OK Calculating variogram points Select Nugget Range and Sill for Variogram OK Nugget Range 320 Sill 83 Radius 25 Creating krig parameter file OK Interpolating OK Running data back transformation OK Creating IDRISI image files OK The Output Status window Figure 10 is strictly an output window and allows you to track the progress of the analy In the Data Selection window click on a region name or on the circular button beside a region name Select the Data Table Data Field and Location Table to be mapped then click on the Map Resolution km for the resulting map When the selection is complete click the Next button The Data Selection window will close and the text Searching for appears in the Output Status window indicating that the appropriate dynaset is
3. Krig Source Points 3 X Y Z 540 097 68 592 87 0 514 432 116 192 1008 0 526 021 74 400 100 0 514 718 25 272 318 0 517 129 85 471 57 0 512 703 45 665 65 0 500 471 26 787 224 0 479 509 109 945 78 0 475 037 70 042 15 0 455 758 99 300 213 0 Example 2 File GEOEAS DAT Data Files The file NSCORE DAT Example 3 is the data in the same format as GEOEAS DAT with the addition of a fourth field the z value converted to normal score values Normal Score Transform Krig Source Points 4 x Y Z Normal Score value 540 0970 68 5920 87 0000 4907 514 4320 116 1920 1008 0000 1 9777 526 0210 74 4000 100 0000 5980 514 7180 25 2720 318 0000 1 2943 517 1290 85 4710 57 0000 2333 512 7030 45 6650 65 0000 2908 500 4710 26 7870 224 0000 1 0877 479 5090 109 9450 78 0000 4494 475 0370 70 0420 15 0000 6774 455 7580 99 3000 213 0000 1 0388 Example 3 File NSCORE DAT 24 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide LT Debugging File The file OKB2D DBG Example 4 is the output file for debugging produced by the GSLIB routine OKB2D 9 000000 9 000000 9 000000 9 000000 9 000000 9 000000 9 000000 9 000000 9 000000 9 000000 6 052146E 01 8 677540E 01 6 072496E 01 8 590689 8 463833E 01 535 8 722976E 01 8 857850E 01 9 086769E 0 8 725502E 01 Example 4 File OKB2D DBG IDRISI Image Document Files Files with th
4. Exponential oo 0 200 4 600 200 Lagitenal Gaussian Figure 13 Variogram plot window in FERE EE n TE the kriging module This window contains a graph of observed variogram class values You must now modify the parameters by trial and error until you have created a plot with a good fit This model will then be used in the interpolation procedure Models must be fitted this way rather than by a nonlinear regression technique because of the disproportionate weighting of lag classes In the upper left corner of the window is the section titled Select Variogram Parameters Here you may enter parameter values for the model Three parameters are required Nugget Range and Sill The nugget is the Y value at which the proposed model intei s the Y axis This represents the local discontinuity of the data and the reason the model does not pass through the origin The sill is the Y value where the data reaches a plateau and the range is the lag interval where the Y values reach the plateau that is the distance over which sample points are autocorrelated 14 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide Below the parameter values select Variogram Function The three optional semivariogram models Figure 14 used in the system are 1 a spherical model h Pl Yh a uir ox va sa CQ cifh a 2 an expon
5. 88002 1566 11417 18 326 612 85828 1542 13615 19 346 666 94474 1470 14010 20 367 208 1 02809 1460 11962 21 387 626 99114 1292 13877 13877 22 408 185 1 08973 1410 06388 06388 Example 27 File GAMV2 VAR l Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 35 eee Idrisi Vector File The file with the naming convention Etregion year VEC Example 28 is an Idrisi point vector file Each sample point i e pheromone trap location is defined by two rows of data The first row contains the vector number and the number of nodes in the vector for point data all values for number of nodes are 1 The second row for each vector is the x and y coordinates in metres for each node This an be used to display the sample points as an overlay on the contour map using the vector overlay command in Idrisi Each vector file must have an associated document file with the extension DVC see above to be used in Idrisi file 68592 218400 42139200 116191 825000 ts 129800 116191 825000 9 pm 023900 74399 596600 Teano 74399 596600 pur 18 188400 25271 916900 Eom 18 188400 25271 916900 Le 129 387300 85471 227900 am 129 387300 85471 227900 pm 85471 227900 Example 28 File EQUE92 VEC 36 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide o APPENDIX 2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS back transformation A transformation use
6. Idrisi main menu or by pressing the escape key twice Figure 15 A kriged contour map of pheromone trap catches for Ontario in 1993 displayed in Idrisi with geographic areas overlaid as vectors The symbols are a vector overlay of sample points Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 19 STRUCTURED DRAWING PROGRAM We have chosen CorelDRAW version 4 0 as our structured drawing program although other products would be adequate It can be used to produce publica tion quality maps like the one below which is a contoured map of budworm male moth numbers for northeastern North America in 1994 No of Moths 0 1 10 11 90 31 100 101 300 301 1000 1000 Figure 16 A kriged output map of pheromone trap catch for northeastern North America in 1994 displayed and annotated in CorelDRAW CorelDRAW CorelDRAW is a vector based drawing program Vector files exported from Idrisi using outpost are in Adobe Illustrator format with the file extension AI Select CorelDRAW from the GUI CorelDRAW will open with a blank workspace From within CorelDRAW go to the File menu and select mport Atthe file directory window select Adobe Illustrator as the file type then select the directory and filename The vector image retains the look of a raster file which serves to illustrate the resolution at which it was created The imported image can be layered over
7. and rows and the X and Y extents for the data Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide Reclassify z values in Idrisi The line Reclassi ing z values in the output window means that the system is fy the z values estimated number of male moths into discrete categories This the interpolated values are continuous data and must be classified into categorical data for contour mapping The classifi cation system used by the pheromone trapping network is shown in Table 1 Table 1 Recl ssification values used in Idrisi to produce contour map of moth captures Reclassified value Range of moth captures 1 1 10 2 11 30 3 31 100 4 101 300 5 301 1000 6 1001 3000 7 gt 3000 At this point you should see the information window titled Krig containing the message Kriging Completed This means the geostatistical module has com pleted processing Click the OK button to return to the GUI Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 17 MU FEE GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM SEES To display the kriged output map click the drisi button from the GUI to open the geographical information system The Idrisi menu system will appear Use the arrow keys to select Display from this menu and pr Enter The y submenu will open Select Color by pressing the Enter this item is highlighte
8. devices In the example the default drive and path to the data files is c krigtest IDRISI Operating Environment default data drive default data path 5 krigtest image file extension dmg image documentation file ext doc vector file extension fo ve vector documentation file ext dw attribute values file extension DO val attribute values doc file ext DO dM default reference units om banner color i 9 dialog color gt 10 message color t 42 digitizing tablet port coml plotter port com printer port Ipul Example 8 File IDRISI ENV N Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 2 T IDRISI Image Files Output File Example 9 File OKB2D OUT IDRISI Palette File Files with the extension IMG are image files for producing raster maps inthe Idrisi geographical information system As indicated in their associated DOC files both image files are binary and unprintable They can be converted to ASCII text files in Idrisi if necessary The first file with the name convention E regiontyear IMG e g EQUE92 IMG is the raw kriged values after back transformation The second image file with the file RE regiontyear IMG e g REQUE92 IMG is the reclass the final product ne convention ied rasters OKB2D OUT Example 9 is the output file from the GSLIB routine OKB2D The first two lines are the title and the next three line
9. file is the title while the next four lines are T their nam on the 6th line of the file The columns are kriged estimate estimate of variance and back transformed value A value of 9 represent no estimate he data star OKB2D ESTIMATES WITH Normal Score Trans 3 Estimate Estimation Variance Back Transform 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 9 000000 9 000000 1 000000 6 050000E 01 8 680000E 01 100 000000 6 070000E 01 8 590000E 01 100 000000 8 460000E 01 9 050000E 0 163 287900 8 72000 1 8 860000E 01 175 281500 9 090000E 01 8 730000E 0 190 264300 9 320000E 01 8 650000E 01 192 788700 9 890000E 01 8 640000E 01 201 340000 1 055000 8 690000E 01 214 098100 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 23 The file GEOEAS DAT Example 2 is the data exported from the database converted to GEOEAS format suitable for input into the GSLIB routine NSCORE The first line is the title and the next four lines define the variables and their position in the file i e 3 variables X Y Z Beginning on line fiv the three fields are x coordinate km y coordinate km and the ave number of male moths at that point
10. kriged contour map of pheromone trap catches for Ontario in 1992 follows The contour map produced can now be manipulated using any of the Idrisi GIS functions For more information about Idrisi consult the user s guide Eastman 19922 technical reference manual Eastman 1992b and update manual Eastman 1993 To convert a raster image file to a vector file to export the map for use in CorelDRAW select Polyvec from the Spatial Data Management submenu The program prompts you to enter the name of the image to be processed and the vector file to be created To eliminate the background type Y for yes when you are asked if there is a background polygon that should not be processed and enter the number 0 when you are prompted to enter the identifier number of the background polygon To bypass the next prompt i e select the default n press Enter when asked Do you wish to process only the polygons listed in a values file y n The next step in producing a vector output file is to select Outpost from the Import Export submenu This creates a vector file in a format s itable for importing into CorelDRAW Alternatively an image file can be xported in er format as a TIF file and then displayed in CorelPHOTO PAINT but the vector format provides more flexibility 18 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide Exit the program and return to the GUI by selecting Exit Menu System from the
11. locations annually pheromone t system detecting incre t to monitor n be used as an carly warning ing population densities several years before defolia tion is evident Moreover by establishing the relationship between moth catch and larval density catches can also be used to indicate when populations have sed more definitively by conven reached threshold densities that can be ass tional sampling techniques Protocols for the deployment and handling of the traps were outlined by Allen et al 1986 and subsequently updated by Sanders Conventional sampling of spruce budworm determines the number of insects per branch or unit of foliage Conventional sampling and pheromone trapping generate point data That is samples for an area are collected at a single point The number of samples collected is limited by available resources materials and logistical costs so it is usually not po of interest If the resulti population level categories labor ible to sample all areas ata are plotted on a map using different symbols for the end result is often a mosaic of dots with little interpretable pattern Using point data it is difficult to estimate population levels in areas between the sample points Complete spatial coverage resulting from aerial surveys or satellite imagery showing insect caused depredations e g defoliation or tree mortality are some of the few exceptions of indices
12. or under other geographic themes e g landmasses bodies of water or political boundaries For more information about CorelDRAW consult the user s manual Corel Corporation 1993 20 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank G S Lucuik for technical assistance and P S Robertson for programming assistance A M Liebhold provided expert advice through out the development of the system and R Sims reviewed an earlier draft ofthe manuscript Trap deployment and sampling in Ontario could not have taken place without the assistance of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey unit of the Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry Centre Thanks are also extended to all the other collaborators in the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network Funding for this project was supplied by the Northern Ontario Development Agreement Northern For try Program and the Deci sion Support System Initiative of the Canadian Forest Service s Green Plan Mention ofa product name does notimply endorsement by the Canadian Forest Service Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 21 er LITERATURE CITED Allen D C Abrahamson L P Jobin L Souto D J Sanders C J 1986 Use of pheromone traps to monitor spruce budworm populations Govt of Canada Canadian Forestry Service Ottawa ON Spruce Budwor
13. that depicts Spatial autocorrelation in all directions as opposed to individual directions kriging A method in geostatistics for interpolating between data points that is based on the assumption that relationships are spatially consistent lag class The distance grouping of pairs of points in a variogram All points within a range of distances are in the same lag class laginterval The distance over which autocorrelation is modeledina variogram map algebra This is a mathematical system wherein maps can be used as variables in arithmetic and Boolean equations normal scores This is a type of transformation that is used to normalize a highly skewed frequency distribution of z values nugget One of the parameters used to define a variogram This the variogram model when the lag distance is 0 s the value of palette file Thi in a map sa file used by Idrisi to define the colors that will be displayed point data A point occupies a location or coordinate in two or three dimensional space but has no area Point data defines an attribute value at that point in space Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 37 polygon In a vector based GIS system areas of equal value are enclosed within lines or vectors Polygons are made up of vectors that have the point and ending point at the same location in space starting range One of the parameter values used to
14. 100 05951 Q 7 1 16 7 NODA NFP TECHNICAL REPORT TR 38 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide D Barry Lyons Barry G Pierce and Christopher J Sanders Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry Centre P O Box 490 Sault Ste Marie Ontario P6A 5M7 Telephone 705 949 9461 Fax 705 759 5700 Email blyons fcor glfc forestry ca 1997 CANADA ONTARIO SS STE Northern Ontario Development Agreement Entente de d veloppement du nord de l Ontario Forestry Foresteric NODA EDNO Funding for this report has been provided through the Northern Ontario Development Agreement s Northern Forestry Program Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data The National Library of Canada has catalogued this publication as follows Lyons D B Data management system for the spruce budworm pheromone trapping network user s guide NODA NFP Technical report TR 38 Includes an abstract in French Includes bibliographical references ISBN 0 662 25275 6 Cat no Fo29 42 38 1997E 1 Spruce budworm Control Computer programs Handbook manuals etc 2 Pheromones Computer programs Handbook manuals etc 3 Insect traps Computer programs Handbooks manuals etc 4 Forest ins cts Control Computer programs Handbooks manuals etc I Pierce B G II Sanders C J III Great Lakes Forestry C
15. 1993 This manual describes a series of software tools incorporating geostatistical techniques that have been developed to produce contour distribution maps of male moth captures of the spruce budworm in pheromone traps for GIS analysis The geographic location of each trap grid is defined using UTM Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates Snyder 1987 The world is divided into 60 UTM zones that run from pole to pole Each zone encompa 6 degrees of longitude Contiguous trap coverage excluding traps in Alberta and Saskatchewan occurs from zone 15 in western Ontario to zone 22 in eastern Newfoundland For the Pheromone Trapping Network the location of the traps within a zone is defined by a two digit easting and a three digit northing This defines the location of the traps to the nearest 10 km by 10 km grid Ten consecutive years of data are being analyzed from about 700 trap locations within the distribution of spruce budworm in North America Con tour intervals represent isomoths or regions of equal moth numbers or categories The long term goal is to use these software tools to analyze patterns of spruce budworm populations and to develop models using these techniques to predict budworm outbreaks This system also serves as a model to demon strate the utility of the techniques for other entomological point data This manual assumes that you are familiar with the Microsoft Windows operating environment and that you have already i
16. 78 972 33 Example 18 File QUE92 PTS The data file after conversion to an Equidi name convention E region year PTS Example 19 The file contains the columns tion identification number x coordinate and y coordinate i c equidis azimuthal coordinates in metres stant Azimuthal Projection has the 1 1 68592 2184 540096 5384 7 1 116191 8250 514432 1393 8 1 116191 8250 514432 1393 9 1 74399 5966 526021 0239 10 1 74399 5966 526021 0239 15 1 25271 9169 514718 1884 16 1 25271 9169 514718 1884 17 1 85471 2279 517129 3873 18 1 85471 2279 517129 3873 19 1 85471 2279 517129 3873 Example 19 File EQUE92 PTS Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide Transformation File Example 20 File NSCORE TRN Text Files Example 21 File BTPARM TXT Example 22 File EXTE The file NSCORE TRN Example 20 is the transformation look up table created as output by the GSLIB routine NSCORE and used in the back transformation by the GSLIB routine BACKTR The columns in the file are original data values and normal scores values r 1 0000 2 9035 2 0000 2 5405 2 0000 2 3565 2 0000 2 2288 2 0000 2 1295 138 0000 7613 139 0000 7737 141 0000 7862 146 0000 7989 146 0000 8117 Files with the extension TXT are text files that are used totransfer data between modules in the system Text fil
17. C platform is to transform the z values to normal scores Parameter files for all the GSLIB programs can be displayed in Windows Notepad prior to execution If you are an experienced user you can make changes to the parameters before executing the program A sample parameter file for NSCORE is shown in Appendix 1 Example 16 The transformation utility produces the normal scores data file NSCORE DAT Appendix 1 Example 2 and the transformation table NSCORE TRN Appen dix 1 Example 20 While the program is executed from the geostatistical module the NSCORE output screen is displayed in a window The characteristics of the selected data setare displayed in a window titled Process Message which shows the number of data points the extents of the x and y coordinates the minimum and maximum z values i e the number of male moths the suggested maximum separation and parameters relating to lag classes for the variogram The x and Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 13 y extents are displayed in kilometres and the minimum dimension of the shell of points is indicated as being in the x or y direction The system uses an isotropic variogram model and assumes that the autocorrelation is equal in all directions The Suggested Maximum Separation is defined as half the width of the narrowest dimension of the shell of data points Lieb
18. Environmint Flle ci coser btr venatores tenerte Idrisi Image Files Output File IDRISI Palette File Parameter Files Point Files Transformation File Text Files MINI evens ete Variogram File Idrisi Vector File APPENDIX 2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS eene 37 INTRODUCTION Spatial Analysis The spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana Clements is the most serious defoliator of spruce Picea spp and balsam fir Abies balsamea L Mill trees in the boreal forest of North America The species is transcontinen tal occurring from Newfoundland to Alaska and down into the northeastern US Females of the spruce budworm produce a powerful sex pheromone The identification of this pheromone Sanders and Weatherston 1976 allowed the development of a monitoring program for spruce budworm using sex phero mone traps During the CANUSA Spruce Budworms Project the program was accelerated and resulted in a coordinated monitoring program across eastern North America The program has now been further expanded to include the Prairie provinces Sanders 1992 Sanders and Lyons 1993 The rationale for the monitoring program is described in detail by Sanders 1992 Briefly sex pheromone traps are far more sensitive and efficient than conventional branch sampling techniques and can track changes taking place at extremely low budworm densities between outbreaks When the same
19. Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 2 In addition there are three smaller buttons on the right side of the window with the following functions Help Runs a Windows Help utility essentially a hypertext version of this manual Configure Exit Closes the program Allows you to custom configure the system for a specific computer The modules and functions a signed to the GUI are shown in the following flowchart Configure System Conliguration Minimize tity Convert Graphic User Interface AC File Coordinate File Conversion Conversion Uy Program Idrisi Corel Draw Geographie stuetutes Information Drawing system Program pente Kriging Mk Geostatistcal Database exis Figure 2 A flowchart showing the see Fig 3 see Fig 7 modules and functions that are accessed from the GUI 4 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide TRAP MANAGEMENT DATABASE A flowchart of the steps for editing and manipulating pheromone trap data in the Database module is shown in Figure 3 Trap Add New Manual Data Exit Management gt HAT rap Locations Input Edit View Trap Database Select Stations to Edit T Select ok Edit Data L End Update Main Yes Copy changes ta main data
20. base table Figure 3 A flowchart detailing the steps for editing and manipulating data in the pheromone trap database Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide a nn Click the Database button on the GUI to open the Microsoft Access Version 2 0 database file The following Trap Management Database window is displayed on the screen Figure 4 The Trap Management Database window in Microsoft Access This database file e g SBW MDB contains all the data tables screen forms and associated programs to edit and view the data There are three options from this window Add New Trap Database Allows the user to enter new UTM locations Edit View Trap Database Allows the user to work with existing data Exit Closes the database and returns the user to the GUI 6 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide Click the Edit View Trap Database button This will open the following Select Stations to Edit window Region Starting Year Restrict to Zone s Sort Order by ID No Figure 5 The data selection window Unsorted for editing and viewing data in the Trap Management Database You are prompted to select a data set for editing or viewing from a predefined set of regions for a specific year The six predefined regions wh
21. being selected from the T rap Management Database via a dynamic link from the Visual Basic program Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 11 Figure 11 Information window stating the number of records selected from the database Equidistant Azimuthal Projection Conversion Next a small window like the following lists the number of records found At this point you can either select the Back button and go to the previous Dara Selection window Exit the program or click the Next button in this window to continue The output filename Appendix 1 Example 18 although not displayed is made up of the three letter region code plus the last two digits of the year followed by the extension PTS Thus the output filename for 1992 data from Quebec would be QUE92 PTS The output file contains the sample point locations in latitude longitude coordinates Next Producing Equidistant Azimuthal Projection is displayed in the output window to indicate that the selected data are about to be converted from the Geodetic latitude longitude coordinate system to an equidistant azimuthal projection An equidistant projection is used for the interpolation procedure since it requires that we work in real world distances between points At this point the geostatistical module opens The Geographical Calculator The opening screen with the company logo is briefly displayed and then the conversion wi
22. d You will be prompted to enter the name of the file you want to display Enter the name of the reclassified image file without the IMG extension which is assumed So for the file REMAR90 IMG you would enter REMAR90 y when When you are prompted to enter the palette you desire select 4 for User Defined palette At the prompt Enter the name of the palette file pal extension assumed enter krig to select the file KRIG PAL Appendix 1 Example 10 The program responds with Do you wish a legend Select 1 for Yes Next the program asks the question Do you wish to display factors by hand default n Press the Enter key for the default no option The contour map will be displayed To display a posting of sample points over the contour map press v for vector Enter file name i isplayed at the bottom right corner of the screen Enter the name of the vector point file Appendix 1 Example 28 created in the geostatistical module Do not add the VEC extension it is assumed When Idrisi prompts you to Enter color code provide a number between 0 and 15 It doesn t matter what number is provided because Idrisi uses a default color A vector map can also be overlaid on the contour map if one is available by using the v option The coordinates of any point on the map and its z value can be obtained by typing c or x moving the cursor to the desired point and pressing the right mouse button A
23. d to convert normal score values back to z values i e number of moths contour interval In a contour map these divide attribute classes into areas of equal value contour map A map in which lines are used to enclos attribute areas of equal value or dynaset A s tof data stored in a database that w tracted using a query equidis dis ant azimuthal projection A map projection that conserves linear ances in a portion of the world projected onto a flat surface geodetic coordinate system A map coordinate system that uses latitude and longitude values to position locations in two dimensional space geographic informa stores manipulates d n system GIS A set of computer programs that plays and analyses spatial data geostatistics A set of statistical techniques originating in the geologic discipline that utilize adaptations of regression techniques to analyze natural phenomena that have spatial continuity graphic user interface GUI A graphical method of interacting with a computer wherein the user u pointing de ice e g Mouse to select options from menu icons or li hypertext A system of writing and displaying text that allow parts of the document to be linked to other text Clicking the mouse button while hypertext elected by the cursor causes the cursor to move to new place in the file or to open a new file isotropic variogram model This is a type of variogram
24. define the variogram model This is the lag distance over which pa reached the plateau or sill s of points are autocorrelated and have not raster In a raster based GIS system images are composed of matrices of equal sized cells each having an attribute value Groups of rasters with the same attribute value represent features search radius In the interpolation process i e kriging the search radius defines the maximum distance that points can be separated to be included as pairs shell of points The area defined by the distribution of coordinate points in space sill One of the parameters used to define the variogram model The sill is the sum of the structural and nugget variance This is where the variogram reaches a plateau structural variance The structural variance is the difference between the nugget and sill variances thematic data Map data that relates to an individual subject or theme e g moth captures forest cover type unit separation This is the distance between lag classes in a scatter plot of semivariance values Universal Transverse Mercator UTM coordinates Coordinates that de fine spatial locations in a UTM map projection variogram A variogram is a plot of the variance of pairs of points in space as a function of distance between pairs of points vector data Data represented by lines that connect points or nodes in z value In two dimensional space coordinate poin
25. e extension DOC are Idrisi image document files Two document are produced corresponding to the two image files IMG created The document file for kriged output image has the name convention E region year DOC Example 5 file title Raw Krig output image data type real file type binary columns 179 rows 129 ref system plane ref units im unit dist 1 0000000 min X 699160 max X 1090388 min Y 346186 max Y 947259 pos n error unknown resolution 10000 min value 1 0 max value 5606 value units moth catches value Error unknown flag value none flag def n none legend cats E Example 5 File EQUE92 DOC Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide Example 6 File REQUE92 DOC The document file for the reclassified image has the name convention RE region year DOC Example 6 file title data type file type columns rows ref system ref units unit dist min X max X min Y max Y pos n error resolution min value max value value units value error flag value flag defn legend cats Reclassification of rawkrig integer binary 2179 129 699160 0000000 1090388 0000000 346186 0000000 947259 0000000 unknown 10000 0000000 20 6 moth catches unknown none none 0 lane m 0000000 Idrisi image files consist of a single column of numb
26. e interpolation of point data to raster map coverage in a meaningful way Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 9 m Launch the geostatistical module by selecting Kriging from the GUI Select Working Directory When the geostatistical module is opened the following window will prompt you to select a path to the working directory KRIGSETUP Select a data drive Select working director database exe election Figure 8 Data directory window in the kriging module The working directory is the drive and directory where all the output files from the various steps will be written An explanation of these output files is provided in Appendix 1 Select the data drive and working directory then click the Next button Select Data Set Next the Action Request window opens and asks the question Are you selecting new data A No response allows you to continue working with a previously selected data set 10 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide a Figure 9 Data selection window in the kriging module Figure 10 Output status window of the kriging module after completion of analysis showing output text Click on Yes and the program opens the following two new windows Data Selection Region Data Table Pheromone Trappings Data Field Averages 1994 Ontario C Quebec
27. ential model and yh c ell es Al ian model a y h ey ef 1 ev where y h i s the nugget variance c is the structural variance h is lag interval and a is the range parameter actual range for spherical model The sum of cg and c is the sill Selection of model type is determined subjectively depending on which model adequately reflects the distribution of points the semivariance cy i When these values have been estimated click the plot button and the chosen function using selected parameter values is fitted to the data points on the graph Improve the fit of the model by selecting new parameter values until you find the fit that looks best 0 9 0 8 spherical model 074 06 4 g exponential model c S 05 S 2 044 o 5 o 03 02 0 1 4 range nugget Figure 14 A hypothetical variogram n showing the nugget sill and range 00 m r Three model types with the same 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 parameter values are shown lag interval h Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 15 Continue Interpolation Kriging Back Transformation Create Idrisi Image File You may also select the search radius in the Variogram Plor window T is the value the interpolation algorithm us
28. entre IV Title V Series SB945 S7L96 1997 634 9 752678 C97 980332 2 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 1997 Catalogue No Fo29 42 38 1997 ISBN 0 662 25276 6 ISSN 1195 2334 Copies of this publication are available at no charge from Publications Services Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry Centre P O Box 490 Sault Ste Marie Ontario P6A 5M7 Microfiche copies of this publication may be purchased from Micro Media Inc Place du Portage 165 Hotel de Ville Hull Quebec J8X 3X2 This report was produced in fulfillment of the requirements for NODA NFP Project No 4217 Predicting budworm outbreaks with pheromone traps Lyons D B Pierce B G Sanders C J 1997 Data management system for the spruce budworm pheromone trapping network User s guide Nat Resour Can Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste Marie ON NODA NFP Tech Rep TR 38 38 p ABSTRACT A data management system for spruce budworm pheromone trapping data has been developed to operate on a MS DOS platform running Windows The system produces contour maps of moth captures that can be used in a geographic information system GIS A graphic user interface GUD written in Visual Basic actively links the system components The GUI allows the user access to a database to enter and manipulate data Point data are interpolated and extrapolated into complete spatia
29. ers each number representing the value of an individual raster Image files do not contain any positional or georeferencing information Providing this coordinate informa tion is the function of the image document files The document files contain file attribute names in the first column and their associated values preceded by a colon in the second column 26 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide Ee Idrisi Vector Document File The file with the name E regiontyear DVC Example 7 is an Idrisi vector document file and is the companion file to the VEC file with the same name The DVC file contains attributes of the vector file such as the title file type information reference system information and data extents in x and y directions file title Krig Source Points id type integer file type scil object type point ref system plane ref units im unit dist 1 0000000 min X 699159 61 max X 1090387 75 min Y 46185 89 max Y 947258 79 pos n error unknown resolution unknown Example 7 File EQUE92 DVC Idrisi Environment File The file IDRISLENV E ample 8 is an Idrisi environment file that defines where the program finds files what file conventions are being used e g file extensions and the reference units being used The file also provides Idrisi with information on color schemes for the screens and the ports for communi catil ith
30. es are the simplest method of passing data especially between the Visual Basic modules and the C DLL s There are five text files created during execution of the system BTPARM TXT Example 21 contains the minimum and maximum z values required for the back transformation 1 5607 EXTENT TXT Example 22 contains the minimum and maximum values of x and y in kilometres i c the coordinate extents for the shell of sample points as well as the minimum and maximum z values 699 16 1090 388 346 186 947 259 1 0 5607 0 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 33 Example 23 File OKPARM TXT Example 24 File REGION TXT Example 25 File XVPARM TXT OKPARM TXT Example 23 contains the data required in the construction of the GSLIB parameter file for the kriging routine OKB2D The first two rows of the file contains the number of rasters e g 179 by 129 lower limit minimum x 699 km minimum y 346 and increment 10 km for the kriged output for the x and y directions The third row is the search radius value and the last row is the nugget range sill and model type 179 699 10 129 346 10 150 0 25 300 0 9 1 The code for the region being analyzed and the data year are written to the text file REGION TXT Example 24 QUE 1992 XVPARM TXT Example 25 contains variogram model parameters The first row is the search radius
31. es to determine the linear distance that it will search for points to use in its estimation The default value in the pheromone trapping network is 150 km and can be changed by an experienced user by typing a new value into the text box The 150 value ha basis but elected based on ranges of observed data and is produces a minimum of unestimated cells o biological a value that When you are satisfied with the values click the Continue button An Action Request window reminds you of the selected values and asks Use these parameters If you were to click No at this point you would be returned to the model development window Click on Yes The output window will display the message Creating krig parameter file and the Windows Notepad program will open displaying the file OKB2D PAR This is the parameter file for the GSLIB routine Deutsch and Journel 1992 OKB2D that carries out the two dimensional ordinary kriging to interpolate between sample points The experienced user can modify this file When you have finished or if you do not wish to modify the parameters close Notepad by clicking the button on the upper left corner or selecting Exit from the File menu Next an Action Request window asks Produce Kriged Map A No response at this point would stop processing and return you to the GUI The files are kept and available when you reenter the system Click on Yes to run the OKB2D routine The line nter
32. es used for pro The second type Examples 11 13 16 17 are parameter files required as input by the GSLIB FORTRAN routines with the same names okb2d out 1 1 0e 21 1 0e 21 okb2d btr nscore trn 1 5608 1 0 0 1 0 0 START OF PARAMETERS Parameters for BACKTR SE k data file Gaussian variable trimming limits output file for data input transformation table minimum and maximum data value lower tail option parameter upper tail option parameter Example 11 File BACKTR PAR Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide IIT okb2d btr rawkrig img 179 129 Example 12 File BTRTOIDR PAR Parameters for GAMV2 AE ARR IRON START OF PARAMETERS nscore dat Data File in GEOEAS format 12 columns for x and y coordinates 14 nvar column numbers 1 0e 21 1 0e 21 tmin tmax trimming limits gamv2 var Output file for variogram 20 nlag the number of 20 41 xlag unit separation distance 10 20 xltol lag tolerance 1 ndir number of directions 90 000 90 0 10000 00 azm i atol i bandw i i 1 ndir 1 number of variograms LA tail head variogram type Example 13 File GAMV2 PAR 221 EQUE92 pts EQUE92 vec Example 14 File GEOTOIDR PAR 213 EQUE92 vec geoeas dat Example 15 File IDRTOGSL PAR 30 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User
33. g data to Geo EAS format indicates that the data has been converted to the input format Appendix 1 Example 4 required by the GSLIB Deutsch and Journel 1992 geostatistical programs At this step a window like the following indicates the number of duplicate coordinates 4 Duplicates Found igure 12 Information window stating the number of duplicate records with option buttons to select how to treat the duplicates TheGSLIB routines cannot handle multiple records with the same coordinates Youare offered two options for dealing with the duplicates you can either click the Delete button to delete the extra points in which case the first records encountered will be used in the interpolation or you can click the Average button in which case the data for duplicate coordinates are averaged Construct Variogram Model The message Calculating defaults for variogram model indicates that the system is beginning to construct the variogram A variogram is a function that relates the autocorrelation between points as a function of distance between points The calculation is based on the assumption that points closer together are more closely related The first step in the proci thereby stabilizing the variance The transformation is a complished using the GSLIB utility NSCORE All the GSLIB routines Deutsch and Journel 1992 were obtained by the authors as FORTRAN source code and compiled for use as Windows programs on a P
34. hold et al 1993 The system attempts to use 20 lag intervals with at least 30 pairs of points in the first lag c Less than 30 pairs of points reduces the reliability of variogram Liebhold et al 1993 If the minimum number of lag interval is not achieved the system reduces the number of lag intervals until 30 pairs is achieved If 30 pairs of points is not possible processing continues but a warning message is displayed in this window Parameters nlag xlag and xltol which are displayed in the window are the number of lag intervals unit separation distance and lag tolerance respectively Next the system opens the Windows Notepad and displays the file GAMV2 PAR This is the parameter file for the GSLIB routine GAMV2 Deutsch and Journel 1992 that constructs the variogram If you are an experienced user you could change parameter values at this point usually however this window is closed by clicking the button on the upper left corner or opening File from the menu bar and selecting the menu item Exit The user must now fit a variogram model to the variogram data The message Select Nugget and Range for Variogram Model is displayed in the output window and a Variogram Plot window like the following will open Select Variogram Parameters VARIOGRAM PLOT 15 Nugget 0 25 Range 320 Sill 0 83 Coneiation I Select Variogram Function os Spherical
35. ich can be selected from a pull down list are Ontario ONT Quebec QUE Maritime Provinces MAR Newfoundland NFLD Prairie Provinces NOR or United States USA You are also asked to provide a Starting Year Any year from 1984 to 2000 can be typed into the text window If the Starting Year text box is left blank 1984 is selected If you enter a year outside this range you will get the error message No data available for that year Next you must select a Sort Order The options are by UTM coordinate system i e 2 digit zone 3 digit casting 4 digit northing with no spaces by D No or left Unsorted Each sample location is assigned a unique D No in the database You can select one or more UTM zones for editing by typing a zone number e g 16 in the text box labeled Restrict to Zone s When a value is entered in this box a second text box opens preceded by the word TO allowing a range of values to be entered e g 16 to 18 For the pheromone trap data zone numbers range from 11 in Alberta to 22 in Newfoundland Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 2 Figure 6 Data editing and viewing window in the Trap Management Database Once the desired starting point forediting is defined click the Next button This closes the Select Stations to Edit window and opens a data editing and viewing window like the following
36. l coverage using a geostatistical technique known as block kriging The system uses a series of public domain FORTRAN software programs GSLIB for analysis and in house developed C programs for formatting and parameter file cre ation The steps are highly automated using defaults calculated from the data set and rules of thumb Idrisi which is a fully functional and inex pensive raster based GIS is linked to the system Maps can be exported to other GIS formats however to produce publication quality maps the user can export maps from the GIS to CorelDRAW from within the GUI R SUM On a d velopp un syst me de gestion des donn es sur la capture de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l pinette au moyen de pi ges ph romones ce syst me tourne sur une plate forme MD DOS sous Windows Il produit des cartes d isolignes des niveaux de capture des insectes cartes qui peuvent tre utilis es dans un syst me d information g ographique SIG Une in terface utilisateur graphique r dig e en Visual Basic relie dynamiquement les composantes du syst me Cette interface permet l utilisateur d acc der une base de donn es dans laquelle il peut entrer et manipuler des donn es Par interpolation et extrapolation des donn es recueillies on obtient une couverture spatiale compl te par la technique g ostatistique du krigeage de blocs Le syst me utilise une s rie de programmes FORTRAN du domaine public GSLIB pour l ana
37. lyse et des programmes C d velopp s l interne pour le formatage et la cr ation de fichiers de param tres Les tapes du proce nt fortement automatis es gr ce aux valeurs par d faut calcul es partir de l ensemble de donn es et des r gles pra tiques Idrisi un SIG images tram es fonctionnel et peu co teux est reli t me Les cartes peuvent tre export es dans d autres formats de SIG is pour produire des cartes avec une qualit publiable l utilisateur peut les exporter du SIG vers CorelDRAW depuis l interface graphique TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Spatial Analysis GRAPHIC USERUNTERBERBGLE usciicssarisscensisiri zt ds datori trs TRAP MANAGEMENT DATABASE ns 5 GEOSTATISTICAL MODULE Select Working Directory Select Data Set Equidistant Azimuthal Projection Conversion Create Idrisi Vector Files GSLIB Format Construct Variogram Model Interpolation Kriging Back Transformation Create IDRISI Image File fieclaseitysz valiestitm inaa 17 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM sssssseeeneee 18 STRUCTURED DRAWING PROGRAM 20 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS zit oett at tmt ie B UITERATUREIGITEDoritebih otn trek artis APPENDIX 1 OUTPUT FILES FROM THE PHEROMONE TRAPPING NETWORKS unctione ierit o Back Transformation File Data Files Debugging File Idrisi Image Document Files Idrisi Vector Document File ldrlsl
38. ms Handbook 16 p Corel Corporation 1993 CorelDRAW user s manual version 4 0 Corel Corporation Ottawa ON Deutsch C V Journel A G 1992 GSLIB geostatistical software library and user s guide Oxford University Press New York NY Eastman J R 1992a Idrisi user s guide version 4 0 Clark University Worcester MA 178 p Eastman J R 1992b Idrisi technical reference version 4 0 Clark University Worcester MA 213 p Eastman J R 1993 Idrisi update manual version 4 1 Clark University Worcester MA 209 p 4 color plates Gage S H Wirth T M Simmons G A 1990 Predicting regional gypsy moth Lymantriidae population trends in an expanding population using pheromone trap catch and spatial analys Environmental Entomology 19 370 377 Liebhold A M Rossi R E Kemp W P 1993 Geostatistics and geographic information systems in applied insect ecology Annu Rev Entomol 38 303 327 Lyons D B Sanders C J 1993 The North American spruce budworm pheromone trapping network p 37 48 in A M Liebhold and H R Barrett eds Proceedings spatial analysis and forest pest management USDA Forest Service Northeastern Forest Experiment Station Radner PA General Tech nical Report NE 175 186 p Sanders C J 1992 Sex pheromone traps for monitoring spruce budworm populations resolving operational problems Forestry Canada Ontario Re gion Sault Ste Marie ON Information Repor
39. ndow is displayed In the conversion window the conversion systems predefined for each region are displayed The coordinates within a region are specified in positive and negative distances m north or south Y coordinate and east or west X coordinate of a point in the centre of the region You do not need to provide any input at this step Once the conversion is completed the program indicates the number of points processed from the input file to the output file The output filename for the conversion consists of the input file preceded by the letter E for equidistant Appendix 1 Example 19 So the input file QUE92 PTS would produce the output file EQUE92 PTS A second information window opens at this point and gives the same informa tion about the number of points processed and the input and output filenames Click OK to continue Close The Geographic Calculator window by clicking the button on the upper left corner or opening File from the menu bar and selecting the menu item Exit Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide Create Idrisi Vector Files Creating IDRISI vector file for trap location Appendix 1 E ample 28 is displayed in the output window indicating that this file has been created This file can be used at a later step to display the pheromone trap lo created contour map in the GIS ations on the GSLIB Format The next message Convertin
40. nstalled the programs using the instructions in Lyons and Sanders L Lyons D B Sanders C J in prep A data management and map interpolation system for spruce budworm pheromone traps Nat Resour Can Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste Marie ON 2 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE Figure 1 The graphic user interface GUI of the data management system for the spruce budworm pheromone trapping network Database Kriging Idrisi CorelDRAW Convert File When the SBW System icon is activated from Windows the following graphic user interface GUI window will open Configure Exit The GUI is written in the Visual Basic Version 4 0 programming language This window allows you to navigate through the system There are six large buttons on the left side of the window with the following functions Opens the Trap Management Database for manipulation of the data Accesses the geostatistical module for conversion of point data into contour interval maps Accesses the geographical information system Launches the structured drawing program Launches a file conversion utility Runs the Geographic Calculator Blue Marble Geographics Gardiner Maine a map projection conversion program Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm
41. of population density that are not point data Complete spatial coverage is required for most geographical information system GIS applications Contour map data can be electronically digitized into polygons or rasters from survey maps for use in a GIS Year to year changes can be determined using map algebra in the GIS Unfortunately by the time that defoliation is apparent from the air or space the time and the options available for forest management response are greatly reduced Other popula tion thematic data cannot be used in GIS based predictive models if the data are in point format Therefore there is spatial coverage in a meaningful w a need to transform point data into complete y One solution to the problem is provided through the use of geostatistical techniques Liebhold et al 1993 These Sanders C J in prep Pheromone Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry s for predicting spruce budworm outbreaks ult Ste Marie ON A user s guide Nat Resour Can entre Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide 1 numerical methods as the name implies have their origins in geological explorations Geostatistics provides the mathematical tools required to interpo late between sample points Significant advances have been made in adapting these methods to forest entomological problems Gage 1990 Liebhold et al 1993 Lyons and Sanders
42. percent defoliation DEF and the number of egg masses per branch Egg Mass respectively The footer section of the form contains four buttons The Prev Year and Next Year buttons allow you to move backwards and forwards through the years of data Pressing the Select button will return you to the data selection window The End button exits the data editing and viewing window and returns you to the GUI As you exit the database a small window opens asking Update Main Table Select YES or NO depending on whether or not the changes to the file are to be saved 8 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide GEOSTATISTICAL MODULE The following flowchart describes the functioning of the geostatistical module Figure 7 Gan Directory RD ok R classity 2 valuas in ICRISI Yes Croato IDRISI Image File i Conversion x 4 Filas kriging o 4 4 Kriged map points Wes paaa parameters Fast f y Figure 7 A flowchart showing the d fi g SalectVanogran analysis steps in the kriging Construct Variogram eai geostatistical module of the data management system for spruce budworm pheromone traps P Like the GUI this module is a shell program written in Visual Basic Its purpose is to automate th
43. polating appears in the output window and the screen goes blank The OKB2D output window is displayed indicating kriging is in progress The routine uses the input file NSCORE DAT Appendix 1 Example 2 and produces the file OKB2D OUT Appendix 1 Example 9 that contains the kriged estimates Another file OKB2D DBG is also created and contains the debugging information It is not used further The next line to appear in the Output Status window is the line Running data back transformation The output window from the GSLIB Deutsch and Journel 1992 routine BACKTR appears on the screen This routine performs a back transformation that converts the estimated z values in normal scores back to number of male moths The input file is OKB2D OUT and the output file is OKB2D BTR Appendix 1 Example 1 NSCORE TRN is the transformation table Appendix 1 Example 20 The message Creating IDRISI image file in the output window means that the output from the back transformation has been converted to an Idrisi image file format The message Creating IDRISI DOC file indicates that the companion document file is also being created The Idrisi GIS system requires both types of file for displaying raster data The image file with the extension IMG contains the kriged estimates for each raster in a single column The DOC file Appendix 1 Examples 5 and 6 contains the spatial information to plot these rasters including the number of columns
44. s Guide 0 START OF PARAMETERS geoeas dat 30 0 0e 00 1 0e 21 nscore dat nscore trn Parameters for NSCORE obok data file variable weight trimming limits output file for data output transformation table Example 16 File NSCORE PAR START OF PARAMETERS nscore dat 124 1 0e 21 1 0e 21 okb2d out 1 okb2d dbg 179 699 0 10 0 129 346 0 10 0 11 58 150 0 1 0 25 1 300 0 0 90 0 00 1 00 Parameters for OKB2D Aolokookokokokootokokolokolkolopleloke Mata file columns for x y and variable data trimming limits output File of Kriged Results debugging level 0 1 2 3 output file for debugging nx xmn xsiz ny ymn ysiz x and y block discretization min and max data for kriging maximum search radius nst nugget effect it aa cc ang I anis structure 1 Example 17 File OKB2D PAR Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide nnn Point Files Filescontaining pointdataare given th Microsoft Access databa file contains the columns and z value ension PTS The file extracted from has the name region year PTS Example 18 The station identification number latitude longitude 1 1 48 068 79 456 86 7 1 48 514 79 172 1007 8 1 48 514 79 172 437 9 1 46 803 79 1 99 10 1 46 803 79 1 48 15 1 47 702 79 067 317 16 1 47 702 79 067 121 17 1 46 711 78 972 56 18 1 46 711 78 972 37 19 1 46 711
45. s define the columns The two columns are the estimated kriged value for each raster and its associated estimation variance OKB2D ESTIMATES WITH Normal Score Transform Krig Source Points 2 Estimate Estimation Variance 9 000 9 000 9 000 9 000 9 000 9 000 9 000 9 000 9 000 9 000 605 868 607 859 846 905 872 886 909 873 KRIG PAL Example 10 is an Idrisi custom palette file used by COLOR to produce the selected colors for the contour interval map of male moth density classes Only the first 8 values i e 0 7 are used and they represent the seven categories of moth captures plus a null color Each line in the file represents a color The first columnis the color s number while the numbers in the next three columns represent the strengths values range from 0 63 of the three additive primary colors used to compose the color The three columns are red green and blue Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide Example 10 File KRIG PAL Parameter Files 0 46 46 46 1 0 44 4 2 Il 63 0 3 62 63 0 4 63 46 0 5 50 0 13 6 63 0 2 7 44 0 51 8 63 63 63 9 46 46 46 10 0 61 63 Il 63 63 63 12 63 63 63 13 63 63 63 14 63 63 63 15 63 63 63 Files with the extension PAR are parameter files There are two types of m The first type Examples 12 14 15 are ing internal data parameter files used in the s parameter fil
46. t O X 425 30 p Sanders C J Lyons D B 1993 Development of an extensive pheromone trap monitoring system for forest pests Bull OILB SROP 16 43 49 Sanders C J Weatherston J 1976 Sex pheromone of the eastern spruce budworm optimum blend of trans and cis 11 tetradecenal Can Ent 108 1285 1290 Snyder J P 1987 Map projections a working manual U S Geol Surv Prof Pap 1395 383 p 22 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide APPENDIX 1 OUTPUT FILES FROM THE PHEROMONE TRAPPING NETWORK Back Transformation File Example 1 File OKB2D BTR The following files excluding KRIG PAL are created by one complete execution of the data management system for the spruce budworm pheromone trapping network Ideally all output files should be directed to a unique data directory to se of backup or deletion The file KRIG PAL sec below is an Idrisi palette file and must be keptin the data directory The files are listed below in alphabetical order by file type extension Within the file type are listed alphabetically In some cases only asample of the is presented to illustrate the format In the xamples containing nples of the file contents three periods i e representacontinuation of the data The file OKB2D BTR Example 1 is the output file of kriged estimates after back transformation from normal scores to numberof male moths The fir line in the
47. ts are defined by their x and y coordinates The z values are the values of the attribute e g number of moths at that point in space 38 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide
48. while the second row contains the nugget range sill and model type values 150 0 25 300 0 9 1 34 Data Management System for the Spruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping Network User s Guide I Value File Example 26 File EQUE92 VAL Variogram File E regiontyear VAL Example 26 is a v number and z value i c alue file containing the station the number of male moths 1 86 2 1007 3437 4 99 548 6317 7 121 856 937 10 33 GAMV2 VAR Example 27 is the output file from the GSLIB variogram routine GAMV for irregularly spaced two dimensional data Data from this file are used to make the variogram graph followed by the variogram v The first line in the file is the title alues The columns are lag number lag separation distance semivariance value number of pairs in the lag interval the mean of the data contributing to the head and the mi ean of the data contributing to the tail The latter two values are the same since the same variable is used for the head and tail Semivariogram tail Normal Score head Normal Score direction 1 1 000 00000 542 2 10 030 35723 70 3 22 026 31290 502 4 42 011 40610 1008 5 61 858 48892 1246 6 81 657 53251 1448 7 102 014 56095 1672 8 122 835 56720 1624 9 143 085 1830 10 65867 1742 1 75355 1800 12 73936 1788 13 74221 1644 14 80386 1704 03577 15 72165 1654 07306 16 285 589 88109 1666 12783 17 305 993
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