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HYDROSIM User's Guide - Groupe GRE-EHN

1. READING OF CONNECTIVITIES _MELE ele ELEM OJ I READING OF GLOBAL PROPERTIES PRGL O1 9 8 0 1le 6 1 0 0 0 le 6 100 10 1 0 1 0 0 5 1e 5 1e 3 Bg HYDROSIM 1 0206 User s Guide HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix 1 READING OF MPRN prn PRNO 0 PREL OJ _MINI deb INIT OJ 1 READING OF _MCND cnd COND 0 READING OF INITIALIZATION OF TH NODAL PROPERTIES l CALL OF BLOCK OF ELEMENTARY PROPERTIES GI SOLUTION ON FILE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS _MSLC slc SOLC 0 READING OF _MSLR slr CONCENTRATED SOLICITATIONS DISTRIBUTED SOLICITATIONS SOLR 0 PRECONDITIONING _ILU 0 _DELPRT 1 0E 08 PRCO 0 STATIONARY SOLUTION BY PAR GMRES NONLINEAR AND ILU PRECONDITIONING WITH 2 PRECONDITIONING 10 RESTRATS 25 ITERATIONS PRECISION 10 6 LIMITORS OFDE SOLUTION ACTIVE MPR 3 PREC 2 RDEM 1 0 ITER 25 iPSDL 1 0E 06 OMEGA 1 LV 0 0 25 0 2 RESULTS P T AU AV 0 25m s Ah 0 1m PO 1 RINTING OF FINAL FINAL E ESIDUALS 5 15 Chapter Chapter 5 RI MPST pst POSTIOJ l RI ERR err tert
2. _MINI haval 150pO nusup 90p0 deb INIT O Printing of the degrees of freedom _MFIN haval 150pO nusup 80p0 deb FIN STOP end of the command file of the second simulation We proceed like this until convergence becomes difficult or that the degree of adequation with the available measurements validation XE validation is satisfactory Remark XE Remarque Another possibility would be to automate all the operations described above by inserting them in a single command file If the solution does not converge reduce the increment of the upper bound of viscosity A possible consequence of the reduction of the upper bound of viscosity is the degradation of mass conservation Driven by the time step A permanent flow can be solved in time if the transient phase has no interest The stationary solution is sought for with this method Example The upstream water level is at elevation 155 m and the downstream water level is at 155 m We start from a hydrostatic initial condition with a water body at elevation 155 m To calculate the solution in permanent regime we vary the downstream water level at the rate of 0 50 m per hour It would take 10 hours for the downstream water level to reach 150 m and about 5 more hours for the flow to reach a permanent regime With a time step of 900 s a minimum of 660 simulation time step is needed The command file reads Beginning of the command file of the
3. ILU 1 _NRDEM 1 NITER 1 HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation 7 _OMEGA 1 _EPSDL 1 E 06 FCRT 0 Example 2 The function current after having been calculated by an iterative method economical in terms of memory space must be stored in the file test fcr the command is _MFIL test MFCR fcr U 0 RDEM 25 T L ER 100 MEGA 1 EPSDL 1 E 06 FCRTIOJ l call several FCRT if the problem did not l converge Remark The result file associated with FCRT is a read write file If the file already exists before calling FCRT you must make sure that the information it contains is conform see Function current file It should contain the initial solution of the function current HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Chapter 4 How to obtain a hvdrodvnamic solution This chapter provides precautions that should be observed to obtain a hydrodynamic solution in the best delays Past experience has shown that hydrodynamic modeling by finite elements is not a linear process but rather an iterative procedure which should converge A simulation is a complex activity which implies the construction of a terrain numerical model a hydrodynamic mesh and boundary conditions Then the model must be given an initial run the solution processed and analyzed and the model vali
4. T _MINI deb _TASINI 0 INITIO READING OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS _MCND cnd _TASCND 0 COND 0 READING OF CONCENTRATED SOLICITATIONS _MSLC slc SOLC 0 READING OF DISTRIBUTED SOLICITATIONS _MSLR slr SOLR 0 1 PRECON _ILU 0 _DELPRT 1 0 PRCO 0 1 NON ST IMPLICIT AND GMRES NONLINEAR PRECONDIT DITIONING E 08 ATIONARY SOLUTION BY EULER ONING BY ILU WITH T10 TIME STEPS OF 60 SECONDS 2 PRECOND ITIONING 10 RESTARTS 5 17 Chapter Chapter 5 2557 _TINI 0 00 PAS 60 00 LFA 1 0 MPR 3 PAS 10 PREC 2 _D _A aol _N _N _NRDEM 10 _NITER 25 n F PSDL 1 0 OM LV 0 0 25 EGA 1 SO RI ESULTS _MFIN fin ESULTS ESULTS MPST pst POSTIOJ l RI ESULTS ERR err ESULTS tert A F 0 FCRT 0 STOP TH STOP 5 18 ERATIONS SOLUTION ACTIV Appendix PRI ECISION 10 6 LIMITORS OF Em in AU AV 0 25m s Ah 0 1m E 06 r02 orr L PRINTING OF FINAL SOLUTION RESIDUALS POST PROCESSING NUMERICAL ERRORS aes FUNCTION CURR E 6 py T SIMULATION HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appe
5. Work procedure e TINI ALFA Variable defining the coefficient ALFA of the temporal scheme EULER It can take values between 0 and 1 inclusive By default it is equal to 1 DELPRT Variable defining the coefficient A DELta of disruption of the ILU preconditioning matrix By default it is equal to 10 DPAS Variable defining the time step XE pas de temps At Delta t for the discretization of the time By default it is equal to 10 EPSDL Variable defining the precision e EPSilon of the Degrees of freedom By default it is equal to 10 OMEGA Variable defining the factor OMEGA of relaxation of the degrees of freedom By default it is equal to 1 TASCND Variable defining the Time ASsociated with the initial reading of the non stationary boundary CoNDitions see Processing of transient data TASINI Variable defining the Time ASsociated with the initial reading of the non stationary INItial solution see Processing of transient data TASPRE Variable defining the Time ASsociated with the initial reading of the non stationary Elementary PRoperties see Processing of transient data HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide 5 Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure TASPRN Variable defining the Time ASsociated with the initial reading of the non stationary Nodal PRoperties see Processing of transient data TASSLC Variable defining the Time ASsociated with the initial reading of the non stationary Con
6. A E 0 FCRT 0 STOP Non stationary or transient case ESULTS ESULTS ESULTS STOP TH Appendix POST PROCI ESSING NUM ERICAL ERRORS FUNCTION CURR 6 my E SIMULATION EXAMPLE Simulation Generic Non stat conditions a OF COMMAND FILE FOR HXDROSIM directorv c hydrosim simul name of data and results test ionarv simulation nd boundarv initial solution varv in time Minimum print detail level M 0 DEFINITION OF THE FORMULATION TYPE OF ELEMENT ELTYP SVCRNM TEMPORAL SHEME _STEMP EULER FORM 0 DEFINITION OF FILES _MFIL c hydrosim simul test 5 16 HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter SIMULATION PROGRESS FILE 5 Appendix MEXE dat READING OF COORDINAT GI wn _MCOR cor COOR 0 READING OF CONNECTIVITI GI wn MELE ele ELEM 0 READING OF GLOBAL PROPERTIES PRGL 0 9 8 0 1e 6 1 0 0 0 le 6 LOOL 0 105 0 5 1e 5 1e 3 READING OF NODAL PROPERTIES PRNO 0 PREL OJ INITIALIZATION OF THE SOLUTION ON FILE MPRN prn l CALL OF BLOCK OF ELEMENTARY PROPERTIES
7. Downs lev The boundary condition on the downstream water level is the parameter to modify Example The upstream water level is at the elevation XE niveau amont 155 m and the downstream level targeted at the elevation 150 m We begin with a downstream level of 155 m To calculate the solution in permanent regime we intend to modify the downstream level by increment of 0 50 m The command file reads 4 13 4 14 Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Beginning of the command file for the first simulation driven by the downstream water level XE niveau aval _ELTYP SVCRNM _STEMP STATIQ FORM Initial condition Initial model run ENT T EO OO 007 155 0 0 0 0 05 70 07 0 0 Downstream condition h 154 5m MCND haval 154p5 cnd COND 0 Printing of the degrees of freedom _MFIN haval 154p5 deb FIN STOP End of the command file of the first simulation Beginning of the command file for the second simulation driven by the downstream water level XE niveau aval _ELTYP SVCRNM _STEMP STATIQ FORM Initial condition Solution of the first simulation _MINI haval_154p5 deb INIT O Downstream condition h 154 0m MCND haval_154p0 cnd COND 0 Printing of the degrees of freedom _MFIN haval_154p0 deb FIN STOP End of the command file of the first simulation HYDROSIM
8. FIN OJ 4 19 4 20 Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution use l command 2 periodical printing of dof in test fin i _MFIL test _NPREC 1 SOLV 01 0 25 0 25 0 1 _MFIN fin 1 FIN O SOLV 0 0 25 0 25 0 1 _MFIN fin 2 FIN O SOLV 0 0 25 0 25 0 1 _MFIN fin 3 FIN O How to validate the model A converged solution is not necessarily valid in other words the solution calculated may lack objectivity The validation procedure intends to verify the degree of similarity between the terrain observations and the simulation results under the same hydrodynamic conditions For example in a lake where the slope is very gentle in the order of 10 to 10 m m a difference of 10 cm between the simulated levels and the values observed may not be acceptable However it would be a reasonable difference in a mountain stream with a much steeper slope in the order of 10 to 10 m m If the solution of initialization calculated is judged acceptable as first approximation then we can move to the calibration step which by various adjustments brought either to the terrain model or to the values of the model parameters will refine the solution and bring it closer to actual measurements If for any reason the solution of initialization does not seem acceptable unrealistic flow facies excessively high or low water level parasitic oscillations
9. TINI 2 16 Structure of file names 2 16 Progress of the simulation 2 17 Definition 2 17 Work load 2 17 End message 2 17 Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation 3 1 Create a new simulation 3 1 Define the discretization of the problem 3 1 Read the data 3 2 Read the coordinates 3 2 Read the connectivities 3 3 Read the global properties 3 3 Read the nodal properties 3 3 Read the elementary properties 3 4 Read the initial solution 3 4 Read the boundary conditions 3 5 Read the concentrated solicitations 3 6 Read the distributed solicitations 3 6 Solve the problem 3 7 Print the results 3 8 Print the degrees of freedom 3 8 Print the estimate of the numerical errors 3 9 Print the post processing 3 9 Print the residuals 3 10 Print the function current 3 10 Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution 4 1 How to validate the input data preliminary phase 4 1 How to give the model an initial run 4 2 Scenarios of boundary conditions 4 2 Closed boundary 4 2 Open boundary 4 3 Scenarios of initial conditions 4 4 Static solution static water body 4 4 Quasi linear solution 4 4 Improved quasi linear solution 4 5 Reference solution 4 5 How to converge the solution 4 6 Solution method 4 6 GMRES solution algorithm 4 6 Preconditioning matrix 4 8 Memory space 4 8 Precision 4 9 Solution upd
10. The code convention to introduce the B C is see Boundary conditions file 1 1000000000 for qx or 5000000000 for qn 2 0100000000 for qy or 0500000000 for q 3 0010000000 for h HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Solicitations Concentrated Distributed Initial solution HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix e Concentrated e Distributed The concentrated solicitations introduce the discharge XE sollicitations concentr es Q m s at an open boundary of the simulation domain The sign convention supposes positive an entering discharge and negative an outgoing discharge The concentrated solicitations are applied only on the vertex nodes In the concentrated solicitations file they are associated with the third nodal degree of freedom see Solicitations file The distributed solicitations introduce the wind speed components w and wy respectively following x and y which act on the entire simulation domain as well as the normal entering sign outgoing sign flux q by the open boundaries HYDROSIM converts the wind speeds in equivalent distributed solicitations on the entire domain in accordance with the Wu discontinuous law while the normal flux is converted in an equivalent distributed solicitation on the contour of the domain In the distributed solicitations file the wind components x and y are associated respectively with the first and the second nodal degree of freedom
11. The normal flux is associated with the third degree of freedom see Solicitations file Number of terms of initialization NTINI XE NTINI 7 1 initial specific discharge a 2 initial specific discharge qy 3 water level h at point of reference 4 slope S of water body 5 slope S of water body 6 coordinate x of point of reference 7 coordinate y of point of reference The variables of initialization allow to build on choice two types of initial solution a hydrostatic solution h constant and all the other terms are set at 0 5 5 Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix b quasi linear hydrodynamic solution consists in kal a water bodv answering the relation h x y h S x Sy v y and to set q qy 10 Internally the a determines the resulting specific discharge q x y by a Ch zy XE Ch zy Manning law XE Manning Finite element SVCRNM How to reach it Function Properties Named SVCRNM by reference to the Saint Venant XE Saint Venant equations in Conservative form ReNuMbered e How to reach it e Function e Properties e Boundary conditions e Solicitations e Initial solution To reach it in the command file the variable ELTYP must be defined as follows ELTVP SVCRNM SVCRNM is a six node triangular finite element distributed according to the scheme one on each vertex and one in the middle of each edge It is used to discretize the two dimen
12. XE NDLN Number of degrees of freedom per node ICOD integer indicating the CODe assigned to each degree of freedom vel table of the VaLues of boundary conditions at each degree of freedom kdimp table of the numbers of the nodes with imposed degrees of freedom Example At the nodes 1 92 and 3567 the values of boundary conditions are 12 351 and 116 associated with the dof 1 and 3 respectively At the nodes 44 and 5225 the values imposed are 10 009 and 115 associated with dof 2 and 3 respectively Which gives 0 0 1010000000 12 351 0 0 116 L 92 3567 0110000000 0 0 10 009 115 44 5255 0 Connectivities file The connectivities of the mesh elements are of the type static data The file format is as follows B20 0 HYDROSIM 1 0206 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix NELT XE NELT NNEL 2 to NELT XE free Node1 Node2 NELT 1 NodeNNEL NELT XE NELT Total number of elements NNEL Number of nodes per element Example We consider a mesh with two elements and 6 nodes per element Which gives 2 6 1 5 9 6 3 2 1 4 7 8 9 3 Coordinates file The coordinates of the mesh nodes are a static type data The file format is as follows ines Foma veranos mwee 1 free NNT XE NNT NDIM XE NDIM 2 to NNT XE free coord X Y Z NNT 1 NNT XE NNT Total number of nodes NDIM XE NDIM Number of dimensions Example We consider a me
13. fit ftira f tmax tnn tr ba ti t te tmax Remark XE Remarque The sequences of transient data must stored sequentially so as to have a monotonous time increase Block dependencies Not only are the blocks dependent on each other they also depend on the variables Tables are used to identify the dependencies using the following notation convention 1 mandatory dependency X 2 optional dependency O The different types of dependencies are e Dependencies between blocks e Dependencies blocks variables Dependencies between blocks In Table 2 below the blocks called are listed in columns 2 to 16 and the dependency blocks are listed in the first column Only the block STOP is not listed since it depends of no other block and vice versa Table 2 Dependencies between blocks 4 COND ELEM ae FCRT kola bil INIT POST PRCO PREL PRGL kl SOLC SOLR SOLV COND e nn a eee e HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide i Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Dependencies blocks variables e Dependencies blocks strings of characters e Dependencies blocks integer variables e Dependencies of blocks real variables Dependencies blocks strings of characters In Table 3 below the blocks called are listed in columns 2 to 15 The blocks PRCO PRGL and STOP are not listed since they depend on no variables The dependency variables of the type string of characters are listed in the first column eowo coon even enn
14. roar rm ronm wr Post past Pawo nest save sour sou BQ HYDROSIM 1 0206 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Dependencies blocks integer variables In Table 4 below oniv two blocks depend on integer variables Table 4 Dependencies of blocks to integer variables IE Dependencies of blocks real variables In Table 5 below a total of ten blocks listed in columns 2 to 11 depend on real variables listed in the first column II ml tT Tt tT tt fel l e per et IIL a O e e e Tt Te fo ef o fo B a a a EE PPP a ea ee ee i RE RR A E Ce ee E a E i ea PR FH a n er a a a Se a e eee a OG RR GUD BI ee HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide a Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Example of command file e Stationary case e Non stationarv or transient case Stationary case EXAMPLE OF COMMAND FILE FOR HYDROSIM Simulation directory c hydrosim simul Generic name of data and results files test Stationary simulation Minimum print detail level M 0 DEFINITION OF THE FORMULATION T TYPE OF ELEMENT _ELTYP SVCRNM TEMPORAL SCHEME _STEMP STATIQ FORM 0 DEFINITION OF FILES _MFIL c hydrosim simul test SIMULTION PROGRESS FILE MEXE dat READING OF COORDINAT GI wn _MCOR cor COOR 0
15. 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution We repeat until the downstream water level reaches the elevation 150 m Remark XE Remarque Another possibility would be to automate all the operations described above by inserting them in a single command file If the solution does not converge reduce the water level increment Driven by the convective acceleration inertia The convective acceleration inertia is the component of the movement equation associated with the changes in the flow section sills pools bridge section etc The influence of convective acceleration on the convergence problems is major especially when the flow regime is near critical or supra critical conditions To by pass the difficulty the solution is calculated in successive steps by gradually increasing the effects of the convective acceleration on the intermediate solution This procedure is known as convective acceleration driven solution where the activation factor of the convection varies in the range 0 1 Inertia is inactive when the factor is equal to 0 Stokes problem XE Stokes and completely activated at 1 Example The upstream water level is at elevation 155 m and the downstream water level is at 150m To calculate the solution in permanent regime we choose the approach Driven by the downstream water level and the level of activation of the convection in the phase of downstream water
16. 7 Read the data Read the coordinates _STEMP STATIQ FORM OJ ia transient context ELTXP SVCRNM o a STEMP EULER FORM 0 In general the data are stored in ASCII files The reading operation of each type of data consists in defining the name of the data file with the appropriate XE fichier donn es variables see Structure of file names defining the associated time and time step in the case of a simulation in time XE pas de temps and activating the appropriate block to proceed with the reading To integrate the data into HYDROSIM follow this procedure e Read the coordinates e Read the connectivities e Read the global properties e Read the nodal properties e Read the elementary properties e Read the initial solution e Read the boundary conditions e Read the concentrated solicitations e Read the distributed solicitations The coordinates are stored in an ASCII file see Coordinates file Define the MFIL and MCOR Call the block COOR Example The element coordinates are in the file test cor the command is _MFIL test _MCOR cor COOR OJ HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation 7 Read the connectivities The connectivities are stored in an ASCII file see Connectivit Define the variables MFIL and MELE Call the block ELEM Example The element connectivities are in the file te
17. A Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure Define the variable TASPRN if the nodal properties evolve in time before calling PRNO Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM and PRGL before calling PRNO POST e Function Block of POST processing of the results e Variable associated with MPST e Prerequisite Define the variable MPST before calling POST if printing of the post processing in a file is desired Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO PREL and INIT real real real before calling POST RESI e Function Block of calculation of the RESIduals e Variable associated with MRES e Prerequisite The definition of the variable MRES before calling RESI is mandatory if printing of the residuals in a file is desired Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO PREL INIT real real real and COND before calling RESI SOLC e Function Block for reading the Concentrated SOLicitations XE sollicitations concentr es e Variables associated with MSLC and TASSLC e Prerequisite Mandatory to define the variable MSLC if the concentrated solicitations are stored on file before calling SOLC 2B HYDROSIM 1 0406 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure In the case where the concentrated solicitations are read on file define the variable TASSLC if the concentrated solicitations evolve in time before calling SOLC Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO PREL and INIT real real
18. HYDROSIM the simulation consists in having the different modules work together to reach the overall objective The different tasks can be achieved using a series of commands Schematically the commands can be classified in three groups e input data read commands e solution commands e output result printing commands Structure of the command file e Definition e Blocks e Variables Definition The command file comprises instructions and optional commentaries allowing to customize each simulation The commentaries may be preceded by either one or the other symbol or HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide eee A Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure All the commentaries preceded by are automatically printed at the output which is not the case for those preceded by The instructions are made of a series of commands consisting of Blocks and Variables The instructions which are systematically found in the command file are the choice of the type of finite element and of the temporal scheme the definitions of the formulation data and result files and calls for blocks to execute specific tasks Every simulation must be punctuated by the call to the block STOP which ends the execution of HYDROSIM Thus the command file reads as follows see Example of command file Specimen of command file for HYDROSIM Information or identifications relative to the simulation Choose the type of finit lement s ELTYP Inst
19. all the operations described above by inserting them in a single command file If the solution does not converge reduce the increment of the convective acceleration Driven by the upper bound of viscosity The term turbulent diffusion in the equations takes into account the constraints of shear stress and of compression related to the gradients of velocity in the flow vicinity of a strong current or zone of lentic water for example The turbulent viscosity is the key parameter of this term of equilibrium and it is automatically calculated HYDROSIM However it can be useful to modify its value to improve convergence of the solution The calculation of a stable solution in permanent regime is achieved by giving a high value to the upper bound of the viscosity The effect of an excessive viscosity is to artificially HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide inflate the water level and to smoothen the flow by masking its complexity The objective is then to progressively decrease the value of the upper bound to an acceptable value However by releasing the complexities of the flow e g re circulation convergence is made more difficult In fact mesh size may hinder the possibility of solving a complex flow structure It is admitted that the minimum value of the upper bound of viscosity is the limit of convergence The value given to launch the ver
20. dimensional Saint Venanti XE Saint Venant equations in the conservative form It is dedicated to the study of hydrodynamics in rivers and estuaries It supports the concept of Drying Wetting of shores It admits HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Properties Geometric Global Elementarv Nodal HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix three degrees of freedom per node the scalar water level and the vector specific discharge e Geometric e Global e Elementary e Nodal Number of dimensions NDIM XE NDIM 2 Number of nodes per element NNEL 6 Number of global properties to NPRGL 13 1 gravity 9 75258282 m s lt g lt 9 6605398m s 2 latitude 3 constant turbulent viscosity 4 mixing length coefficient XE longueur de m lange 5 mesh related mixing length coefficient 6 lower bound of viscosity 7 upper bound of viscosity 8 penalization of Manning XE Manning coefficient for Drying 10 9 porosity for Drying 1 10 convection coefficient XE convection 1 11 Peclet number XE Peclet 0 5 12 free surface smoothing coefficient 10 13 minimum depth admissible 10 m No elementary properties to read NPREL XE NPREL 0 Number of nodal properties to read NPRNL XE NPRNL 3 1 terrain topography XE topographie du terrain 5 3 Boundarv conditions Solid boundarv Open boundarv Convention 5 4 Chapter Ch
21. ignores the limit layer developing along solid boundaries A limit layer is subjected to strong gradients and it is very thin compared to the dimensions of the study domain Very often this small zone offers little interest to the model designer HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Open boundary HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide However in the case where the flow is confined to a cavity a groin or around a stopping point a no flow condition is then required Remember that a limit layer badly captured use of a no flow condition on a coarse mesh will result in artificially slowing down the flow and over elevating the water level If the modeling exercise is to reproduce the limit layer the mesh must be refined in the normal flow direction XE couche limite Remark XE Remarque The condition of nil flux on a solid boundary is implicit in HYDROSIM and does not have to be specified explicitly On a downstream open boundary the water level is always imposed XE niveau aval The direction of flow can be imposed via the tangent flux or kept free h Raval e q 0 tangential component of nil flux or free In sub critical flow regime XE r gime fluvial Froude Number XE Froude lt 1 on an upstream open boundary we always impose either the water level or a solicitation in discharge and eventually the direction of flow e h RNamont a solic
22. level reduction remained at 0 The solution obtained is stored in the degrees of freedom file haval_150p0 deb Next we add the effects of convection by increments of 0 25 The command file reads Beginning of the command file of the first simulation driven by activation of the convective acceleration _ELTYP SVCRNM _STEMP STATIQ FORM Convection factor equal to 0 25 PRGL 0 928 Onee Dey OHT ie 67 100 LO 71s 0 25 0 5 1e 05 1e 3 Initial condition Solution with haval 150 0m and convection Il null _MINI haval_150p0 deb INIT OJ 4 15 HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Printing of the degrees of freedom _MFIN haval_150p0_conv_0p25 deb FIN STOP End of the command file of the first simulation Beginning of the command file of the second simulation driven by activation of the convective acceleration Convection factor equal to 0 50 PRGLLOJ 92 83 O 8 On 1a O27 26 6 100 L055 1 2 0 50 0 5 1e 05 1e 3 l Initial condition Solution of the first simulation _MINI haval_150p0_conv_0p25 deb INIT 0O Printing of the degrees of freedom _MFIN haval_150p0_conv_0p50 deb FIN STOP End of the command file of the second simulation We proceed like this until the convection level reaches 1 0 Remark XE Remarque Another possibility would be to automate
23. of degrees of freedom per node vredl Table of the values of the residuals associated with the degrees of freedom The function current is a static type data The file format is as follows Sequence Liones Format varamies ype 2 to NNT XE NNT 1 5 30 ANTENT ASCII NNT XE NNT Total number of nodes vfcrt Nodal value of the Function CuRrenT HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 6 Glossarv Chapter 6 Glossarv Approximation by finite elements Method of calculation by sub domains to approach the values of a function Band width Positive integer obtained from the difference between the maximum and minimum connectivities Bottom level Elevation z of the stream bottom in relation with a reference Boundary conditions Conditions which must be satisfied by the degrees of freedom on the boundary of the simulation domain Chezv coefficient Strictly positive real noted C which translates the resistance of structures river bed ice and macrophytes to the flow Its value is generally between 30 for a strongly resistant structure and 60 for a smooth structure Connectivities List of the geometric node numbers associated with each finite element of the mesh Continuous system A system is continuous if it has an infinite number of degrees of freedom Convection See convective acceleration Convective acceleration In Eulerian representation the convective acceleration is
24. per node verdl Table of the values of the error on the degrees of freedom Post processing file Post processing is a dynamic type data The file format is as follows B28 HYDROSIM 1 0206 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix eoa a a free NNT XE NNT NPOST Tmp pst 2 to 3 1X 1PE24 17 vpst i i NNT XE 1 NPOST NNT au NNT XE NNT NPOST Tmp pst 2 to 3 1X 1PE24 17 vpst i i NNT XE NNT XE NNT NPOST Tmp pst vpst i i NNT XE 1 NPOST NNT 1 Tmp pst Time associated with each sequence of PoST processing NNT XE NNT Total number of nodes NPOST Number of POST processing values vpst Table of the values of the PoST processing Residuals file The residuals are a dynamic type data The file format is as follows Sequence Lines Variables Type JA NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN Tmp res 2 to 3 1X 1PE24 17 vredi i i NNT XE 1 NDLN XE NDLN NNT 1 HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide B 2 to NNT XE NNT XE NNT 1 Function current file Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN Tmp res vredl i i 1 NDLN XE NDLN 13 1X 1PE24 17 NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN Tmp res vredi i i 1 NDLN XE NDLN 13 1X 1PE24 17 Tmp res Time associated with each sequence of RESiduals NNT XE NNT Total number of nodes NDLN XE NDLN Number
25. process if the initial solution is near the solution of the problem Warning XE Mise en garde in rivers this approach is not desirable since it does not take into account the complexity of the stream and thalweg profile The lack of pertinence of the predicted initial solution may compromise the convergence process Improved quasi linear solution Reference solution HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide It is a generalization of the approach Quasi linear solution in the sense that the water level and the slopes are known a priori The approximation of flux is the same as in the quasi linear solution However the difference is that the slopes are variable in the simulation domain In this case the initialization must be done from a n initialization file The information must contain the water level values and the flux set at zero see file format Example The command file is l initial solution stored in file sol initiale deb in format ASCII _FFINI ASCII _MINI sol initial deb INIT This form of initialization is very interesting as it offers an appreciable calculation time saving in the large scale modeling projects The solution proceeds from a simulation previously conducted It is the case when conducting a sensitivity study to discharge or to regulated conditions and wanting to switch from one state to another Example The command file is initial solution stored in file GMRE
26. solution procedure by an iterative method Preconditioning matrix Specific matrix exploited only when using an iterative method to execute the solution Relaxation Strictly positive scalar which weights the increment of the solution to ensure the stability of the convergence of a non linear problem If the scalar exceeds 1 it is known as over relaxation below 1 it is known as under relaxation In general it is lower than 1 for situations where convergence is difficult Residual The residual measures to what extent does a solution satisfy the mathematical model The residual is nil if a solution satisfies exactly the mathematical model In the context of finite elements the notion of residual is very important It is a vector of which each component is associated with each degree of freedom The validation operation of a solution consists among other things in making sure that it minimizes each component of the residual In practice the CO HYDROSIM 1 0406 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 6 Glossarv control of the discrete norm L2 of the residual should be sufficient to release us from verifving each component one bv one Rigiditv matrix Matrix resulting from the discretization bv finite elements of the mathematical model Saint Venant equations Equations translating the principles of mass conservation and flow dvnamics in rivers and estuaries Thev are the result of the vertical integration of the tri dimensional equations of N
27. the name extension of the results of the numerical ERRors file MEXE Variable defining the name or the name extension of the progress monitoring of the simulation EXEcution file MFCR Variable defining the name or the name extension of the read write of the Function CuRrent file MFIL Variable defining the generic name or the directory of all the input and output FILes MFIN Variable defining the name or the name extension of the FINal solution printing file MINI Variable defining the name or the name extension of the INITial solution file MPRE Variable defining the name or the name extension of the Elementary Properties file MPRN Variable defining the name or the name extension of the Nodal Properties file MPST Variable defining the name or the name extension of the results of PoSt Processing file MRES BA HYDROSIM 1 0406 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure Variable defining the name or the name extension of the results of RESiduals file MSLC Variable defining the name or the name extension of the Concentrated Solicitations file XE sollicitations concentr es MSLR Variable defining the name or the name extension of the distRibuted SoLicitations file XE sollicitations r parties STEMP A fundamental variable for any simulation It defines the TEMPoral Scheme to be used see Library of temporal schemes Type integer Variables of the type integer are generally used to define t
28. 25 and 0 1 on the flux q q and the water level h respectively SOLV 0 0 25 0 25 0 1 In practice the limitor intervenes in the solution update process only when the increment AU exceeds the limitor AUmax Also nearing the solution the solution process is not slowed down The limitation of the solution update can be done along with the relaxation Behaviour of the solver Figure 2 presents the typical convergence curve of XE convergence GMRES XE GMRES comportement l associated with a preconditioning of the type ILU 4 10 HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide In general there is a peak of the norm of XE norme AU at each update of the ILU matrix in other words at each new preconditioning The convergence XE convergence of the problem is reached according to the precision retained if at the following preconditioning the peak of the norm remains inferior to see Has convergence been reached Figure 2 Typical behaviour of the norm of the solution increment AU as a function of the iterations in the case of GMRES with the ILU preconditioning matrix Peak of norm at new preconditioning IAUII iterations In certain cases GMRES may stagnate or oscillate XE GMRES stagne XE GMRES oscille Figure 3 The first possible cure is to increase the number of iterations NITER Not only doe
29. 6 In the solution algorithm see Figure 1 the solution updte is done after each restart as follows Ui2 U 2 1 AU where U designates the vector solution at the i2 th restart and AU the solution increment However HYDROSIM proposes to modulate the solution update which may be very useful when the solution varies greatly and or the non linearities are important The calculation of the solution increment AU is as follows AU signe AU max AUmax AU where AUmax is the limitor A limitor is associated with each type of variable degree of freedom Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Therefore two possibilities are offered to intervene during the solution update e Relax the solution update e Limit Relax the solution update To relax the solution means to tone down the amplitude of the increment AU The procedure of the solution update is as follows Ui2 U i2 1 AU where q is the relaxation factor Example We want to sub relax the solution with a factor of 0 8 _OMEGA 0 8 In practice the sub relaxation lt 1 allows the solver to better converge when the problem is difficult On the other hand it slows down the solution process especially when nearing the solution Limit the solution update The technique consists in imposing an absolute limit to the value of the increment AU Example We want to limit the solution update AU with values of AU max of 0
30. Define the variable MINI if the initial solution is stored on file before calling INIT In the case where the initial solution must be read on a file define the variables FFINI and TASINI if the initial solution evolves in time before calling INIT Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO and PREL before calling INIT Block of calculation of the pointers for a PReCOnditioning of the type matrix ILU HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide PREL Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure Variables associated with ILU and DELPRT Prerequisite Call the blocks FORM COOR and ELEM before calling PRCO Function Block for reading the Elementary PRoperties Variables associated with MPRE and TASPRE Prerequisite Define depending on the type of finite element see Library of finite elements the variable MPRE before calling PREL Define the variable TASPRE before calling PREL if the elementary properties evolve in time Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL and PRNO before calling PREL PRGL real real real PRNO Function Block for reading the Global PRoperties Variable associated with None Prerequisite Call the block FORM before calling PRGL Function Block for reading the NOdal PRoperties Variables associated with MPRN and TASPRN Prerequisite Define depending on the type of finite element see Library of finite elements the variable MPRN before calling PRNO HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide
31. HYDROSIM User s Guide HYDROSIM version 1 0a06 June 2000 Copyright 1999 2000 INRS Table of contents Chapter 1 Overview of the software l 1 Uses of the software l 1 Material requirements l 1 User s licence l 2 Launching the software l 2 Language l 3 phvsical measurements units l 3 Stopping the software l 3 Chapter 2 Work pocedure 2 1 Schematic description 2 1 Structure of the command file 2 1 Definition 2 1 Blocks 2 3 COND 2 4 COOR 2 4 ELEM 2 4 ERR 2 5 FCRT 2 5 FIN 2 5 FORM 2 6 INIT real real real 2 6 PRCO 2 6 PREL 2 7 PRGL real real real 2 7 PRNO 2 7 POST 2 8 RESI 2 8 SOLC 2 8 SOLR 2 9 SOL V real real real 2 9 STOP 2 9 Variables 2 10 Type string of characters 2 10 ELTYP 2 11 FFFIN 2 11 FFINI 2 11 MCND 2 11 MCOR 2 11 MELE 2 11 MERR 2 11 MEXE 2 12 MFCR 2 12 MFIL 2 12 MFIN 2 12 MINI 2 12 MPRE 2 12 MPRN 2 12 MPST 2 12 MRES 2 12 MSLC 2 13 MSLR 2 13 STEMP 2 13 Type integer 2 13 ILU 2 13 IMPR 2 13 NITER 2 14 NPAS 2 14 NPREC 2 14 NRDEM 2 14 Type real 2 14 ALFA 2 15 DELPRT 2 15 DPAS 2 15 EPSDL 2 15 OMEGA 2 15 TASCND 2 15 TASINI 2 15 TASPRE 2 15 TASPRN 2 16 TASSLC 2 16 TASSLR 2 16
32. In the output file result out in the block POST HYDROSIM returns the error on the discharge over the entire simulation domain and gives the entering and outgoing discharges There could be a very good level of convergence and yet a mediocre quality solution To correct the problem first identify the problem zones This is done by viewing the local and global mass balance Second analyze the spatial distribution of the errors of mass conservation Next refine the zones judged deficient Then use the same solution strategy as on the preceding mesh The block of error estimates indicates if the solution may change by refining the mesh The units of errors are identical to those of the variables to which they are associated m s for flux and m for the water level Control of Drying Wetting The Drying Wetting model is governed by the penalization strong increase of the Manning coefficient in the dry zones HYDROSIM1 0a06 User sGuidees lt is sSsSSS 4 4 22 Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Although non significant there alwavs persists a form of flow in the drv zones The penalization must be sufficientiv high to reach this objective in the drying zones If after examining a solution the discharge in the drying zones is found to be too high the penalization value must be increased until the quality criteria desired is reached Example We consider a solution involving Dryi
33. LR e SOLV real real real e STOP Function Block for reading the boundary CONDitions Variables associated with MCND and TASCND Prerequisite Mandatory to define the variable MCND before calling COND Define the variable TASCND 0 by default if the boundary conditions evolve in time before calling COND Call the blocks COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO PREL and INIT real real real before calling COND Function Block for reading the mesh COORdinates Variable associated with MCOR Prerequisite Mandatory to define the variable MCOR before calling COOR Call the block FORM before calling COOR Function Block for reading mesh ELEMents HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure e Variable associated with MELE e Prerequisite Mandatory to define the variable MELE before calling ELEM Call the blocks FORM and COOR before calling ELEM ERR e Function Block of calculation of numerical ERRors e Variable associated with MERR e Prerequisite Define the variable MERR if the printing of numerical errors in a file is desired before calling ERR Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO and PREL and INIT real real real before calling ERR FCRT e Function Bloc of calculation and printing of the Function CuRrenT e Variables associated with MFCR for read write of the function current MEXE for the progress status of the simulation and ILU NRDEM NITER OMEGA and EPSDL for the solution e
34. NT XE NNT non formatted acre ca haa 2 to 13 1X 1PE24 vddi i i 1 NDLNK ASCII NNT XE NNT 17 or non XE NDLN by NTTEMP 1 XE formatted default NTTEMP non formatted NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN Tmp fin 3 1X 1PE24 vddl i i 1 NDLN Ti ornon XE NDLN ANTS NA formatted NTTEMP 1 XE NTTEMP Tmp fin Time associated with each sequence of the final solution NNT XE NNT Total number of nodes NDLN XE NDLN Number of degrees of freedom per node NTTEMP XE NTTEMP Number of temporal terms 1 for STEMP STATIQ 2 for STEMP EULER vddl Table of the values of each degree of freedom HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide i tstst zi sOS S 5A Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Numerical errors file The numerical errors ere a dvnamic tvpe data The file format is as follows En ones rome vanes ire NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN Tmp err 2 to 3 1X 1PE24 17 verdl i i 1 NDLNK NNT XE XE NDLN NNT 1 NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN Tmp err 2 to 13 1X 1PE24 17 verdl i i 4 NDLN NNTE XE XE NDLN NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN Tmp err 13 1X 1PE24 17 verdl i i 1 NDLN NNTE XE XE NDLN NNT 1 Tmp err Time associated with each sequence of numerical errors NNT XE NNT Total number of nodes NDLN XE NDLN Number of degrees of freedom
35. NTTEMP XE NTTEMP Number of temporal terms 1 for STEMP STATIQ 2 for STEMP EULER vddl Table of values of each degree of freedom Example We consider a mesh with 5 nodes and 3 degrees of freedom per node The three values of the degrees of freedom are 0 0 0 0 and 116 30 for each node Which gives 3 0 116 30 116 30 116 30 116 30 116 30 o o e e o UI 0 0 0 0 0 0 o e o e aw o e es Formats of results files This section presents the formats of the various files of the results generated bv HVDROSIM following a simulation There are two categories of results static and time variable The dynamic results are generated in sequences each corresponding to a precise time which is systematically defined first In all logic a static results file comprises a single sequence independent of time The results files generated by HYDROSIM are e Degrees of freedom file e Numerical errors file e Post processing file e Residuals file e Function current file B26 0 HYDROSIM 1 0206 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Degrees of freedom file The degrees of freedom are a dvnamic tvpe data The file format is as follows Sewanee owes rem mm 7 free or non NNT XE NNT formatted NDLN XE NDLN Tmp fin 2 to 13 1X 1PE24 vddl i i 1 NDLN NNT XE NNT 17 or non XE NDLN NTTEMP 1 xE formatted NTTEMP free or N
36. Number of nodes per element NNT Total number of nodes Nodal properties All the parameters related to the nodes HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide OO Chapter Chapter 6 Glossarv Non linear svstem As opposed to a linear svstem the matrix depends on the solution Normal tangent coordinate svstem Local orthonormed coordinate svstem used at the boundarv of the simulation domain Its components are the normal outgoing direction in relation to the calculation domain and the tangential direction at the boundarv In general we use the notion of normal tangent coordinate svstem to introduce the boundarv conditions NPRNL Number of nodal properties to read NTINI Number of initialization terms NTTEMP Number of temporal terms Numerical viscositv Positive real noted v having the dimensions of a kinematic viscositv It assists the solver when the flow is strongly influenced by the convective acceleration Its value is driven by the Peclet number which is usually set at 0 5 Open boundary Permeable boundary with non nil normal flow Peclet Number Adimensional number also called local Reynolds number Its expression is Pe VD v where V is the average velocity D is a characteristic dimension of the finite element and v is the kinematic viscosity of the flow Preconditioning Algebraic operation to transform using a preconditioning matrix the initial equation system in an equivalent equation system better adapted for the
37. Prerequisite Define the variable MFCR if the printing of the function current in a file is desired as well as ILU NRDEM NITER OMEGA et EPSDL before calling FCRT Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO PREL and INIT real real real before calling FCRT FIN e Function Bloc of FINal printing of the solution in binary format e Variables associated with MFIN and FFFIN HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide AS FORM INIT real real PRCO 2 6 Prerequisite Function Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure Define the MFIN if printing of the solution in a file is desired strongly recommended and FFFIN before calling FIN Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO and PREL and INIT real real real before calling FIN Block of definition of the FORMulation of the problem Must imperatively be called at the beginning of each simulation Variables associated with Prerequisite real Function ELTYP and STEMP Absolutely define the variables ELTYP and STEMP before calling FORM Warning XE Mise en garde After calling FORM all the data in virtual memory are initialized Block of update of the INITial solution of the problem The syntax of the block is accompanied of an optional table of real containing the initialization parameters associated with the type of finite element see Library of finite elements Variables associated with Prerequisite Function MINI FFINI and TASINI
38. S solution algorithm Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution sol reference deb in format ASCII _FFINI ASCII _MINI sol reference deb INIT This form of initialization is practical when attempting to reach solution convergence with several steps It can also be useful when moving from one event to another by slightly modifying the hydraulic data How to converge the solution Solution method e Solution method e Solution update e Behaviour of the solver e Has convergence been reached e Advanced solution strategies e Practical advice In HVDROSIM the solution method of the algebraic equation system is done by the iterative non linear GMRES method according to a Newton Inexact scheme with preconditioning The different aspects of the method are e GMRES e Preconditioning matrix e Memory space e Precision The functioning of the GMRES XE GMRES algorithme solution algorithm is presented on Figure 1 There are three loops The first loop is driven by the variable NPREC the second by the variable NRDEM an the third by NITER which cannot exceed the value of TNDF XE NDLT the total number of degrees of freedom variable The variable NITER plays a double role as not only does it fix the number of iterations but it HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide also governs the
39. T NPRNL XE NPRNL Tmp prn in vprn i i 1 NPRNLK XE NPRNL Tmp prn Time associated with each sequence of nodal properties NNT XE NNT Total number of nodes NPRNL XE NPRNL Number of properties to read per node vprn Table of the values of the nodal properties Example We consider a mesh with 5 nodes and 3 nodal properties per node The three nodal values are 115 0 02 and 0 for each node Which gives 5 3 0 0 115 00 0 020 0 0 115 00 0 020 0 0 115 00 0 020 0 0 115 00 0 020 0 0 115 00 0 020 0 0 5 23 Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Solicitations file The concentrated and distributed solicitations are dvnamic tvpe data Although the concentrated and distributed solicitations are stored in two different files the format is identical and is as follows ET for each group of nodes 1 2 1011 3F24 0 icod vsldl i i 1 NDLN XE 1316 NDLN ksimp i i 1 NBN Pa te Tost for each group of nodes 1011 3F24 0 icod vsidl i i 1 NDLN XE 3 tom NDENT 2 ksimp i i 1 NBN for each group of nodes 1011 3F24 0 icod vsidl i i 1 NDLN XE 1316 INDENFA ksimp i i 1 NBN Tmp sl Time associated with each sequence of Solicitations NBN Number of nodes sharing the same solicitations NDLN XE NDLN Number of degrees of freedom per node icod Integer indicating the CODe assigned to each degree of freedom vsldi Table of the values of t
40. apter 5 Appendix 2 Manning coefficient XE Manning 3 ice thickness XE glace The boundary conditions B C are applied on the degrees of freedom at the contour of the domain The number of degrees of freedom per node is NDLN XE NDLN 3 in the order the following specific discharge in x qx the following specific discharge in y q and the level of the free surface h The water level at the nodes middle of edge is systematically imposed internally implicit B C It is evaluated after the solution by giving it the mean value at the node vertex to the corresponding edge In a situation of flow simulation in a domain with complex geometry the B C on the specific discharge q q qy must be expressed in the normal tangent coordinate system In this case q admits qn and q as components e Solid boundary e Open boundary e Convention On a solid boundarv a condition of impermeabilitv q 70 is alwavs imposed We can leave q free or exploit a no flow condition Qt qn 0 in the case of a confined flow Remark XE Remarque impermeability is the default condition On an open boundary the water level is always imposed If the flow direction is known set q 0 Remark XE Remarque on an entrance boundary the discharge can be imposed in concentrated solicitation see Solicitations instead of the water level if the flow is sub critical In the case of critical or supra critical flow h and q are imposed
41. are in the file test pre the command is _MFIL test MPRE pre PREL OJ In the transient context the time has to be specified if the elementarv properties varv with time for example load the properties associated with XE transitoire t 12h00 _MFIL test MPRE pre _TASPRE 43200 PREL 0 Read the initial solution Two cases are possible 1 The parameters of the initial solution are introduced at the prompt or by the commands file Call the block INIT real real real and fill if required the initialization parameters table real numbers which follows 2 The initial solution is stored in a file see Degrees of freedom file Define the variables MFIL MINI FFINI and TASINI Call the block INIT real real real Example 1 The initialization is done without data files and all the degrees of freedom are set at zero the command is INIT O HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation 7 If parameters 3 in this example have to be specified the command is INIT O 1 0 2 100 Example 2 The stationary initial solution is stored in the ASCII file test deb the command is _MFIL test MINI deb INIT OJ If the file is in binarv format the command is MFIL test _MINI deb _FFINI BIN INIT O In the transient context the time has to be specified if the initial solu
42. are indicated To make sure that the rules of dependencies between blocks and variables are respected see Block dependencies it is recommended to follow the procedure below e Create a new simulation e Define the discretization of the problem e Read the data e Solve the problem e Print the results Create a new simulation When creating a new simulation it is recommended although optional to insert in the command file text a maximum of 1024 per line to identify the physical process to be simulated It consists mainly in indicating the origin of the terrain data the choice of boundary conditions of solicitations and of initial conditions The text could also indicate at which stage the simulation corresponds initialization calibration XE calibration prediction As a general rule the more information the better This could be particularly useful during the analysis phase For the information to appear in the output file make sure that each line of text is preceded by Define the discretization of the problem HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Define the variables ELTYP see Library of finite elements and STEMP see Library of temporal schemes Call the block FORM Example To discretize a horizontal 2D fluvial hydraulics problem with prediction of the drying wetting banks in a stationary context the associated command is _ELTYP SVCRNM Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation
43. ate 4 9 Relax the solution update 4 10 Limit the solution update 4 10 Behaviour of the solver 4 10 Has convergence been reached 4 12 Advanced solution strategies 4 13 Driven by the downstream water level 4 13 Driven by the connective acceleration inertia 4 15 Driven by the upper bound of viscosity 4 16 Driven by the time step 4 18 Practical advice 4 19 How to validate the model 4 20 Control of mass balance 4 21 Control of Drying Wetting 4 21 How to adjust the model calibration 4 23 Calibrate by the discharge 4 23 Calibrate by the water level 4 24 Calibrate by velocities 4 24 Frequently asked questions 4 25 How to evaluate the turbulent viscosity 4 25 How to minimize the level of error 4 26 Has the solution diverge 4 26 What is numerical viscosity 4 26 What is the role of the upper bound of the viscosity 4 27 What are the effects of an excessive dissipation 4 27 How to estimate the discharge transiting in the domain 4 27 Chapter 5 Appendix 5 1 Language dictionary 5 1 HYDROSIM in English 5 1 HYDROSIM in Spanish 5 1 HYDROSIM in French 5 2 Library of finite elements 5 2 Finite element SVC 5 2 How to reach it 5 2 Function 5 2 Properties 5 3 Boundary conditions 5 4 Solicitations 5 5 Initial solution 5 5 Finite element SVCRNM 5 6 How to reach it 5 6 Function 5 6 Properties 5 6 Boundary conditions 5 7 Solicitations 5 8 Initial solution 5 9 Library of temporal schemes EULER STATIQ Processing o
44. avier Stokes in the presence of a free surface Among the hvpotheses the horizontal dimensions are greativ superior to depth theorv of shallow waters a hvdrostatic distribution of the pressure and a constant profile of the velocity on the vertical axis Shoreline Line presenting a zero value depth Skyline Storing method with variable band width for finite element matrix The memory cost of skyline storing is related directly to the band width in other words to the numbering of the mesh The cost is minimum if the numbering of the mesh is optimized Solid boundary Impermeable boundary with nil normal flow Without adherence the velocities are tangent to a solid boundary Solution In the context of finite elements it is an algebraic operation to determine the solution which satisfies the equation system related to the discretization of the mathematical model It can be executed by two methods a direct method or an iterative method Solution driver Procedure assisting the solver by progressively varying one or several parameters Solver Algorithm which calculates the solution of the linear or non linear equation system Specific discharge The discharge volume by unit of width Stokes problem Expression used to indicate that the convective acceleration is neglected in the equations of fluid movement Tangent matrix Matrix resulting of the vector residual versus the vector solution Turbulent viscosity Positive real note
45. centrated SoLicitations see Processing of transient data TASSLR Variable defining the Time ASsociated with the initial reading of the non stationary distRibuted SoLicitations XE sollicitations r parties see Processing of transient data TINI Variable defining the INItial Time of the simulation Structure of file names The names of the HYDROSIM data and results files are systematically defined by the concatenation of the values of two Variables of the Type string of characters In the order the first common to all files is MFIL and the second is associated with the appropriate block see Blocks Example The name of the file associated with block XXX accepting MXXX as variable of the type string of characters is determined by one or the other of the two following procedures FIL namel MXXX name2 or MFIL MXXX namelname2 In both cases the file name resulting from the association of in the order MFIL and MXXX is namelname2 Remark XE Remarque The maximum length of file names cannot exceed 217 characters 26 HYDROSIM 1 0406 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure Progress of the simulation Definition Work load End message HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide e Definition e Work load e End message The progress of the simulation is accessible on the simulation monitoring file defined by the variable MEXE see Structure of file names Ty
46. d v having the dimensions of a kinematic viscosity It quantifies the intensity of the turbulence of the flow Viscosity bounds HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide eee 5 Chapter Chapter 6 Glossarv Lower and upper bounds of viscositv are introduced to control the calculation of turbulent and numerical viscositv during the solution to avoid a default or an excessive dissipation in the system In either one o the two situations the solution convergence process may be seriously compromised The values given to the bounds are determined by trial and error They depend as much on the mesh as on the flow conditions Water level Elevation h of the water body surface in relation with a reference HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide
47. dated The following step the most delicate is to calibrate the model When all these steps have been achieved the model can be used as a prediction tool We will concentrate on certain dispositions which deserve to be consulted to execute a hydrodynamic simulation efficiently e How to validate the input data preliminary phase e How to give the model an initial run e How to converge the solution e How to validate the model e How to adjust the model calibration e Frequently asked questions How to validate the input data preliminary phase HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Input data are the data transmitted directly to the simulator in the command file These are not the basic terrain data used to build the terrain numerical model They must be controlled directly by the software used to prepare the input data for HYDROSIM In practice you must make sure that 1 the finite element used for the mesh is available in the library of elements of HYDROSIM 2 the skin of the hydrodynamic mesh represents the exact outline of the simulation domain 3 the hydrodynamic mesh covers the entire flow bed 4 the projection of the terrain numerical model on the hydrodynamic mesh does not generate corrupted values Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution 5 you launch a simulation with HYDROSIM with the instructions to read the data and print the post processing 6 you analyze the soluti
48. dimension of the solution sub space equal to the product of NITER by TNDF XE NDLT The first loop is dedicated to the calculation of the Preconditioning matrix the second to the Solution update and the third to the calculation of the solution sub space of the type Krylov by the GMRES XE GMRES parametres method The functioning parameters are 1 the number of preconditioning NPREC 2 the number of restart NRDEM 3 the number of iterations NITER The theory stipulates that for a linear problem the GMRES XE GMRES th orie algorithm converges at a maximum of TNDF XE NDLT iterations which would be totally impossible in practice because of the exorbitant Memory space required for a normal problem However in a non liner case there are no methods to determine the optimal values of the functioning parameters Experience on a wide range of problems suggest the following default values _NPREC 1 _NRDEM 25 NITER 25 The number of preconditioning NPREC can be increased for important simulations The stop criteria of the algorithm is based on the increment norm i e the progress of the solution which must be below the Precision fixed by the variable EPSDL Figure 1 Non linear GMRES solution algorithm Do I1 1 NPREC Calculation of the preconditioning matrix Do I12 1 NRDEM Do I3 1 NITER Calcul of solution sub space Calcul of A U solution increment U 2 U 2 AU solution update Stop
49. e Quasi linear solution e Improved quasi linear solution e Reference solution Static solution static water body Quasi linear solution In this situation the fluid is resting the expression for the entire domain is e xo Qyo 0 e ho constant Example The HYDROSIM command file is no initialization file to read I MINI 7 INIT 0 0 0 0 constant 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 This form can be sufficient when the slope in the modelized domain is weak a few centimeters at most The choice of the value given to h is generally consistent with the water level imposed at the open boundaries In this situation the water level and the slope are roughly known a priori At all points of the simulation domain the water level is given by the equation of a flat surface e h x hotS x Xo S y Vo where ho is the water level at the coordinate xo Vo Sx and Sy are the slopes in x and y respectively The flux are approximated by the program using the Ch zy XE Ch zy Manning law XE Manning qu Sw Se Sy7 H 1 n i 1 2 HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution where H represents the depth and n the Manning coefficient XE Manning Example The command file is no initialization file to read I MINI 7 INIT 0 0 0 0 Ro Ber Syr Xor Yo This form can be very interesting in straight channel since it accelerates the convergence
50. e names with the appropriate variables and activating the appropriate block to proceed with the printing Here are the various types of results that can be printed by HYDROSIM Print the degrees of freed Print the degrees of freedom Print the estimate of the numerical errors Print the post processing Print the residuals Print the function current om The degrees of freedom are stored in a binary file see Degrees of freedom file Define the variables MFIL and MFIN to assign the file name Call the block FCRT HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation Example The degrees of freedom must be stored in the ASCII file test fin the command is _MFIL test _MFIN fin FIN OJ or in a binarv file _MFIL test _MFIN fin _FFFIN BIN FIN O Remark XE Remarque The format of the file generated by the block FIN is identical to the format read by the block INIT real real real Print the estimate of the numerical errors The numerical errors are stored in an ASCII file see Numerical errors file Define the variables MFIL and MERR to assign the file name Call the block ERR Example The numerical errors must be stored in the file test err the command is _MFIL test MERR err ERR 0 Print the post processing HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide The post processing is stored in an ASCII file see Post p
51. ed and uncovered by water In HYDROSIM the water level can freely dive underground Thus the depth values can be positive or negative The sign convention adopted admits a zone covered as positive depth and a zone uncovered as negative depth The line of demarcation between the two zones is the shoreline Elementary properties All the parameters related to an element Euler scheme First order discretization method of the derivative of a function f in relation with time t Formally the problem reads as follows IFOta ff VAt where At is the time increment Finite element Full geometric entity at one two or three dimensions made of a finite number of nodes placed inside or on the contour of the domain Froude Number Adimensional number equal to the ratio of inertia and gravity forces It is commonly used in hydraulics of open channel flows to define the flow regime There are three categories of flow regime defined by the Froude Number sub critical if lower than one lt 1 critical if equal to one 1 and rapid flow or supra critical if greater than one gt 1 Its expression is Fr V gH where V is the average velocity g is the gravitational acceleration and H is the depth Global properties All the parameters related to the mesh Hydrodynamic Condition of equilibrium of moving water Hydrostatic Condition of equilibrium of stagnant water ILU matrix Preconditioning matrix obtained by the incomplete factorization of t
52. etry of the domain modelized The mesh refinement procedure is intended to minimize the level of error to an acceptable proportion as long as there are sufficient terrain data to support it To avoid useless mesh refinement which would induce prohibitive calculation times it is recommended to intervene locally where the level of error is judged too important The problem zones can be identified by the analysis of the distribution of residuals of errors of numerical approximations and of mass balances Has the solution diverge The solution process has diverged if one or all of the following phenomena are observed 1 The norm of the increment of the solution tends to increase and even to explode XE norme 2 the norm of the residuals explode 3 the mass balance is not realistic 4 over the entire domain or locally velocity vectors shoot in all directions 5 over the entire domain or locally there are strong parasitic oscillations of the water level What is numerical viscosity Numerical viscosity is an adjustment coefficient of pure numerical origin which as the dimension of a viscosity Its role is to condition the system of equations finite elements to make sure that a solution exists when flow is dominated by convection XE convection The value given to numerical viscosity depends on the mesh and the flow conditions In HYDROSIM numerical viscosity is managed by the Peclet XE Peclet numbe
53. f transient data Block dependencies Dependencies between blocks Dependencies blocks variables Dependencies blocks strings of characters Dependencies blocks integer variables Dependencies of blocks real variables Example of command file Stationary case Non stationary or transient case Formats of input files Boundary conditions file Connectivities file Coordinates file Elementary properties file Nodal properties file Solicitations file Initial solution file Formats of results files Degrees of freedom file Numerical errors file Post processing file Residuals file Function current file Chapter 6 Glossary 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 11 5 11 5 12 5 12 5 13 5 13 5 14 5 14 5 16 5 19 5 19 5 20 5 21 5 22 5 22 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 27 5 28 5 28 5 29 5 30 6 1 HYDROSIM User s Guide HVDROSIM User s Guide The HVDROSIM manual provides all the information needed to use the software HYDROSIM is essentially a numerical driver deprived of any graphic interface It functions only in text mode The main sections of the manual are HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Overview of the software Work procedure How to manage a simulation How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Appendix Chapter Chapter 1 Overview of the software Chapter 1 Overview of the software Uses of the software e Uses of the so
54. ftware e Material requirements e Users licence e Launching the software e Language e Physical measurements units e Stopping the software HYDROSIM is a code Finite Elements designed and developed by XE l ments finis INRS Eau a research center part of Universit du Qu bec to provide a tool for horizontal two dimensional simulation of the hydrodynamics of estuaries rivers and streams It can be useful to researchers from various fields of interest but requires some notion of fluvial hydraulics The program is based on the solution of the XE l ments finis Saint Venant equations by Finite elements XE Saint Venant in steady or non steady flow regime governing the hydrodynamics of streams HYDROSIM also permits the simulation of drying wetting conditions on shores and beaches using a new method developed by scientists at INRS Eau Material requirements HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide HYDROSIM runs on a personal computer PC on the Win32 platforms Windows 95 98 Windows NT3 51 4 0 etc XE plateforme Win32 and dynamically manages the memory it requires XE m moire For optimal performances and good execution speed it is recommended to run the software in Random Access memory RAM rather than on disk memory which considerably reduces execution speed The memory needed depends directly on the size of the application to be simulated The index used to determine the size of a simu
55. h in these zones re launch the simulation on this new mesh Repeat this procedure if needed N Locally the results are bad velocity vectors shooting in all directions parasitic oscillations of the water level In this case you must re launch the simulation with a new initialization a by increasing the upper bound of viscosity if the problem zone is located in the flow bed XE viscosit borne b by decreasing the upper bound of viscosity if the problem zone is located near the shore HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Advanced solution strategies In certain cases the solution of the problem is not automatic You must then adopt a solution strategy using intermediate solutions The choice of the strategy is on a case by case basis Four solution strategies have been identified e Driven by the downstream water level e Driven by the convective acceleration inertia e Driven by the upper bound of viscosity e Driven by the time step Driven by the downstream water level HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide This strategy is generally used in the phase of the initial run of the model during modeling of small streams or long river reaches several km where the water level difference between the upstream and downstream boundaries is in meters as shown on Figure 4 Figure 4 Successive water lines on a profile Upstrem level Initial water line
56. he solution parameters Their use is either optional or mandatory In HYDROSIM there are 5 variables of the type integer e ILU e IMPR e NITER e NPAS e NPREC e NRDEM ILU Variable defining the level of filling for a preconditioning of the type matrix XE niveau remplissage ILU ILU By default it is equal to 0 IMPR Variable defining the type PReconditioning Matrix _IMPR 0 for indented matrix _IMPR 1 for diagonal mass matrix _IMPR 2 for diagonal tangent matrix HYDROSIM1 0a06 User sGuide ai Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure _IMPR 3 for ILU matrix Bv default it is equal to 1 NITER Variable defining the Number of ITERations By default it is equal to 25 NPAS Variable defining the Number of steps for the division of time t in increment At in the case of a transient or non stationary simulation XE transitoire By default it is equal to 1 NPREC Variable defining the Number of PREConditioning By default it is equal to 1 NRDEM Variable defining the Number of Restarts By default it is equal to 25 Type real Variables of the type real are used to define the parameters of the solution method and the data in a non stationary context Their use is either optional or mandatory In HYDROSIM there re 12 variables of the type real e ALFA e DELPRT e DPAS e EPSDL e OMEGA e TASCND e TASINI e TASPRE e TASPRN e TASSLC e TASSLR A HYDROSIM 1 0406 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 2
57. he finite element matrix of the equation system Initial conditions C20 HYDROSIM 1 0406 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 6 Glossarv To solve a non linear and or time dependent problem the initial state of the svstem must necessarilv be defined In practice we select an initial solution which satisfies totallv or in part the svstem of equations Iterative solution method The solution procedure of the equation system is conducted in several successive steps called iterations Linear system The matrix of the equation system is independent of the solution Local convergence Local convergence or false convergence occurs when GMRES has converged while the norm of residuals remains high Manning coefficient Strictly positive real noted n which translates the resistance of structures river bed ice and macrophytes to the flow Its value is generally between 0 02 for a smooth structure and 0 05 for a strongly resistant structure Mathematical model Series of equations constituent laws and conditions reproducing the behaviour of a given physical process Mesh Homogeneous assembly of identical or complementary finite elements to discretize the domain of calculation Mesh skin Finite element mesh forming the boundary of the mesh of the calculation domain NDIM Number of DIMensions NDLN Number of degrees of freedom per node NDLT Total number of degrees of freedom NELT Total number of elements NNEL
58. he solicitations associated with each degree of freedom ksimp Table dof the node numbers with imposed solicitation B24 HYDROSIM 1 0206 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Example At the nodes 1 92 et 3567 the values of the imposed solicitations are 12 351 and 116 associated with the dof 1 and 3 respectively At the nodes 44 and 5225 the values imposed are 10 009 and 115 associated with dof 2 and 3 respectively Which gives 0 0 1010000000 12 351 0 0 116 1 92 3567 0110000000 0 0 10 009 115 44 5255 0 Initial solution file The initial solution is a dynamic type data The file format is as follows Era nes roma mma ee free NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN Tmp ini or non formatted 2 to free vddl i i 1 NDLN NNT XE NNT or AE NDEN NTTEMP 1 XE NTTEMP non formatted free NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN Re Tmp ini non formatted 2 to free vddl i i 1 NDLN NNT XE NNT or XE NDLN ascii by NTTEMP 1 XE default NTTEMP non formatted or NNT XE NNT NDLN XE NDLN HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide 5 25 Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Tmp ini non formatted 2 to free vddl i i 1 NDLN NNT XE NNT or xe BEEN NTTEMP 1 XE NTTEMP non formatted Tmp ini Time associated with each sequence of the initial solution NNT XE NNT Total number of nodes NDLN XE NDLN Number of degrees of freedom per node
59. if AU lt precision convergence test Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Preconditioning matrix Memorv space The preconditioning matrix plavs a verv important role in the GMRES solution algorithm XE GMRES pr conditionnement A good preconditioning greatly improves the performances of the solver For example two given preconditioning matrix can make the problem either converge or diverge There is divergence of the solution algorithm if the increment norm tends to increase explosion In the case of the Saint Venant equations XE Saint Venant the experience shows that the ILU preconditioning matrix with minimum fill level ILU 0 is efficient The command file _ELTYP SVCRNM _ILU 0 PRCO _IMPR 3 If the Memory space allows it better results are obtained with the maximum fill level ILU 1 In this case to minimize calculation and memory requirements related to the matrix band width the commands are ELTYP SVC _ILU 1 PRCO _IMPR 3 In the case when even a ILU matrix with the minimum fill level XE niveau remplissage ILU ILU 0 cannot be exploited because of memory capacity problems the compromise to make is to use a diagonal preconditioning see IMPR Remark XE Remarque The performance of the ILU preconditioning is strongly influenced by the numbering of the mesh nodes To obtain better results it is recommended to use a numbering algo
60. independent of time It translates the spatial unevenness of the flow It is at the origin of the formation of complex structures in the flow such as whirls or eddies Convergence of a non linear problem A non linear solver calculates from given initial conditions by successive steps the solution to the problem The solution is built by steps an increment or a correction being applied at each step to update the solution The calculation process reaches convergence when the solution stops evolving in other words when the increment is so small as to have no more influence Degree of freedom Parameter defining the state of a physical system Depth Known as H it is the result of the difference between the level of the free surface h and the level of the bottom zg HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide a Chapter Chapter 6 Glossarv Direct solution method The solution procedure of the equation svstem is conducted in a single step Discrete svstem A system is discrete if it has a finite number of degrees of freedom In a matrix form it reads as follows K U F where K is the rigidity matrix characterizing the system F is the vector of the known solicitations and U is the vector unknown solution Discretization Operation ensuring the transformation of a temporal or spatial system into a discrete temporal or spatial system Drying Wetting Expression describing the capacity of the hydrodynamic model to predict the zones cover
61. ion diverge e What is numerical viscosity e What is the role of the upper bound of the viscosity e What are the effects of an excessive dissipation e How to estimate the discharge transiting in the domain How to evaluate the turbulent viscosity HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Evaluating the turbulent viscosity is always a delicate exercise since the theory on turbulence is still a very active and open field of research The software HYDROSIM proposes two classical approaches to quantify the effect of turbulence 1 the constant viscosity model 2 the mixing length model XE longueur de m lange The model of the type mixing length seems to be closer to reality than the model of constant turbulent viscosity since it takes into account the local variability of the flow however the difficulty is transferred to the evaluation of the mixing length In practice adjusting the turbulent viscosity is part of the model calibration process When the problem centers on the use of the water level the mixing length is not required XE longueur de m lange However if you wish to improve the representation of the velocities this solution is recommended 4 25 4 26 Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution How to minimize the level of error Supposing that the model is well parameterized the errors affecting the solution are directly related to the variability of the terrain data and of the geom
62. itation in normal flux qn e q O0 tangential component of nil flux while in rapid flow XE r gime torrentiel Froude XE Froude Number gt 1 the water level and the normal flux must be imposed h hamont Qn Qn amont Normal component of the imposed flux The conditions on the flux were expressed in the normal tangent XE rep re coordinate system because it is the most appropriate in the sense that it reflects the most simply the flow conditions Only in very theoretical cases is it possible to fix conditions on the flux in a cartesian coordinate system mixed XE rep re to within a 90 degree rotation with the normal tangent system XE rep re A solicitation applies when the degree of freedom is not imposed explicitly In certain cases it can be an advantage since the resulting system of finite element equations is less constrained and more friendly for the solution procedure Remark XE Remarque The water level imposed has precedence over the solicitation on discharge if they are imposed at the same time on a same boundary Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Scenarios of initial conditions The initial conditions must be chosen with great care to ensure the delicate XE conditions initiales convergence XE convergence of the solution process In HYDROSIM four 4 strategies of initialization are proposed e Static solution static water body
63. l_ref_penman_20p0 deb FIN STOP End of command file of the second simulation We proceed like this until the flow reduction in dry zones satisfactory S Remark XE Remarque Another possibility would be to automate all the operations described above by inserting them in a single command file If the solution does not converge reduce the increment of the penalization of the Manning coefficient XE Manning How to adjust the model calibration This step finely adjusts the physical and numerical parameters to bring the numerical solution in concordance with the terrain data under the same hydrodynamic conditions There are two steps to this operation adjustment of the target parameters and control of the solution obtained versus the terrain measurements Depending on the objectives of the modeling emphasis can be put on a specific variable of the problem water level for flood studies water level and velocities for habitat studies or contaminant transport studies There are three calibration XE calibration procedures e Calibrate by the discharge e Calibrate by the water level e Calibrate by velocities Calibrate by the discharge HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide In the case where the boundary conditions used are of the type level level we expect that the results of the model will correspond relatively well a priori to the measured water level However there remains to make sure that the solutio
64. lation in Megabytes XE m gabytes is the total number of degrees of freedom TNDF XE NDLT For the solution parameters advocated the memory allocated by HYDROSIM is estimated at bout 6 5x10 times TNDF XE NDLT in Megabytes XE m gabytes As an indicative 1 1 Chapter Chapter 1 Overview of the software Table 1 presents the memorv required for TNDF values ranging from XE m moire XE NDLT 10 000 to 100 000 Table 1 Memory required for various TNDF values TNDF 10 20 30 40 50 70 100 x1000 Memory 6 5 13 19 5 26 32 5 39 45 5 52 58 5 65 Meg User s licence HYDROSIM is a protected software To use it after the installation it is necessary to register the software according to the procedure described in the file XE licence enregistrement hvdrosim enregistrement txt available in the same directory as hydrosim exe Following registration one of two 02 types of licence is granted XE licence tvpe 1 DEMO granted for demonstration exercises Access to certain functionalities of the software is unauthorized In fact calculations and printing of results are not possible 2 FULL gives access to all the functionalities of the software Duration of the licence may be limited or unlimited Launching the software On the Win32 platforms Windows 95 98 Windows NT3 51 4 0 etc XE plateforme Win32 the launching of the software is activated in a wind
65. ll if wanted the limitors table which follows Example 1 We want to run a stationary solution with a ILU matrix filled at level XE niveau remplissage ILU 0 1 preconditioning 10 restarts 25 iterations a precision of 10 6 and limitors on the variation of velocities in x and y of 0 25m s and of 0 1m on the water level the command is ILU 0 DELPRT 1 e 08 MEGA 1 0 EPSDL 1 e 06 SOLV 01 0 25 0 25 0 1 Example 2 We want to run a transient solution by an implicit Euler scheme XE transitoire XE Euler ALFA 1 to simulate a one hour process with a one minute time step and the simulation launch time set at 0 We use an ILU matrix filled at level XE niveau remplissage ILU 0 1 preconditioning 10 restarts 25 iterations a precision of 10 6 and limitors on the variation of 3 7 Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation 7 vel ocities in x and y of 0 25m s and of 0 1m on the water level the command is _ILU 0 _D ELPRT 1 e 08 PRCO _A SO Re T D N I NE N N O LFA 1 INI 0 PAS 60 MEGA 1 0 EPSDL 1 e 06 LV 01 0 25 0 25 0 1 mark XE Remarque The intermediate solutions are not accessible in post solution only the final solution can be exploited later Print the results The print operation of each type of results consists in defining the name of the results file XE fichier r sultats see Structure of fil
66. lways imposed If the flow direction is known set q 0 Remark XE Remarque on an entrance boundary the discharge can be imposed in concentrated solicitation see Solicitations instead of the water level if the flow is sub critical In the case of critical or supra critical flow h and q are imposed The code convention to introduce the B C is see Boundary conditions file 1 1000000000 for qx or 5000000000 for qn 2 0100000000 for qy or 0500000000 for q 3 0010000000 for h e Concentrated e Distributed HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Concentrated Distributed Initial solution HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix The concentrated solicitations introduce the discharge XE sollicitations concentr es Q m s at an open boundary of the simulation domain The sign convention supposes positive an entering discharge and negative an outgoing discharge The concentrated solicitations are applied only on the vertex nodes In the concentrated solicitations file they are associated with the third nodal degree of freedom see Solicitations file The distributed solicitations introduce the wind speed components w and wy respectively following x and y which act on the entire simulation domain as well as the normal entering sign outgoing sign flux qn by the open boundaries HYDROSIM converts the wind speeds in equivalent distributed solicitations on the entire domain in acco
67. n calculated 4 23 4 24 Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution transits a discharge see How to estimate the discharge transiting in the domain identical to the discharge measured in the field If we have good reasons to believe that the friction coefficients are acceptable in the state considered and that the discharge observed and calculated are not sufficiently close at the minimum the precision of the measure the viscosity must be adjusted by moving the upper bound upward if the calculated discharge is overestimated or downward if the discharge is underestimated Calibrate by the water level To calibrate the water level you must first have calibrated by the discharge see Calibrate by the discharge Varying the water level is made by adjusting in an acceptable range the Manning coefficient XE Manning The water level will tend to rise if the Manning coefficient is increased and conversely if it is decreased The variation of the water level will be more sensitive at greater flow velocities Calibrate by velocities To calibrate by the velocities you must have calibrated by the discharge and by the water level see Calibrate by the discharge and Calibrate by the water level If there is a difference between the velocities measured vs calculated the Manning coefficient must be adjusted XE Manning When it is increased the coefficient slows down the flow reduces the flow vel
68. ndix Formats of input files This section presents the formats of the various files of the data necessary fork XE fichier formats HYDROSIM to conduct a simulation There are two categories of data static and time variable The dvnamic data are introduced bv sequences each corresponding to a precise time which must be svstematicallv defined first see Processing of transient data In all logic a static data file includes a single sequence independent of time For certain input files a simple example is proposed The input files read by HYDROSIM are e Boundary conditions file e Connectivit e Coordinates file e Elementary properties file e Nodal properties file e Solicitations file e initial solution file e Function current file Boundary conditions file The boundary conditions are a dynamic type data The format is as follows Sequence nes Format varabies me for each group of nodes 1 2 1011 3F24 0 icod vel i i 1 NDLN XE NDLN 1316 kdimp i i 1 NBN for each group of nodes 1011 3F24 0 icod vel i i 1 NDLN XE NDLN 1316 kdimpti i 1 NBN HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Aw Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix 0 end of sequence 2 for each group of nodes 1011 3F24 0 icod vel i i 1 NDLN XE NDLN 1316 kdimp i i 1 NBN Tmp cl Time associated with each sequence of boundary conditions NBN Number of nodes sharing the same boundary conditions NDLN
69. ng Wetting zones The analysis of the solution obtained with a penalization coefficient of 10 reveals a significant flow in the dry zone The solution stored in the file sol_ref_penman_10p0 deb is improved by increasing the penalization value of the Manning XE Manning coefficient by increment of 5 The command file reads Beginning of the command file of the first simulation with Drying Wetting adjustment XE couvrant d couvrant A iTYP SVCRNM STEMP STATIQ FORM Penalization value of Manning coefficient equal to 15 PRGL 0 9 8 0 0 1 0 1 e 6 100 15 1 1 0 0 5 1le 05 le 3 l Initial condition Solution calculated with penalization value of Manning coefficient equal to 10 _MINI sol ref penman 10p0 deb INIT O Printing of the degrees of freedom _MFIN sol_ref_penman_15p0 deb FIN STOP l End of command file of the first simulation Beginning of the command file of the second simulation with Drying Wetting adjustment XE couvrant d couvrant XE couvrant d couvrant Penalization value of Manning coefficient equal to 20 PRGL 0 9 8 O 0 1 0 1 e 6 100 20 1 150 055 ie 05 le 3 HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution l Initial condition Solution of the first simulation _MINI sol_ref_penman_15p0 deb INIT O Printing of the degrees of freedom _MFIN so
70. ocity Conversely when decreased the flow velocity increases Remark XE Remarque The discharge and the water level may be influenced by this operation Modifications to the friction coefficient must be done in a way that globally maintain the behaviour of the model toward these two variables An increase of the friction coefficient in a region of the flow should be accompanied by an equivalent decrease elsewhere XE frottement Adjust the Manning coefficient upward or downward if the velocities are overestimated or underestimated respectively If the problem persists make sure that HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution 1 the hydrodynamic mesh is sufficiently fine to properly capture the terrain topography and its flow resistance properties N 1 at the point of control the bottom elevation projected on the hydrodynamic mesh is identical to that measured in the field 3 the mean velocity measured in the field is representative of the mean flow in the horizontal plane and not the result of a singularity 4 the mean velocity measured in the field was obtained from at least three points in the water column for bottoms non uniform grain size the velocity measured at 0 4H above the bottom is not always equal to the mean velocity Frequently asked questions e How to evaluate the turbulent viscosity e How to minimize the level of error e Has the solut
71. on and verify if it respects the boundary conditions and the initial conditions How to give the model an initial run The initial run must calculate the very first solution on the simulation domain XE solution It is an important step because in certain cases this first solution may become the initial solution to search for other states This is especially the case when modeling long river reaches with a with a strong slope water level difference of several meters For a successful initial run of the model boundary conditions and initial conditions must be chosen with great care e Scenarios of boundary conditions e Scenarios of initial conditions Scenarios of boundary conditions Solid boundary The boundary conditions are introduced on the outline of the simulation domain i e on the mesh skin Physically the domain outline is formed by a series of open and solid boundaries Each type of boundary requires a special treatment e Solid boundary e Open boundary On a solid boundary shore the water level is never imposed However one or the other of the following conditions is introduced e qn 0 normal flux nil at the boundary or impermeabilitv condition XE conditions imperm abilit e Qn q 0 the normal and tangential components of the flux are nil or no flow conditions XE conditions adherence In practical studies of rivers an impermeability condition is more appropriate because it
72. or extreme values of the hydrodynamic variables for example you must continue the exercise of initialization until satisfactory In addition to incoherent flow directions arrows burst in all directions without any logic you must make sure that 1 the terrain topography is properly represented on the hydrodynamic mesh HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution 2 in the case of verv wide rivers the Coriolis force which applies perpendicular to movement to the right in the northern hemisphere and the opposite in the southern hemisphere is taken into account XE Coriolis 3 the wind strength which accelerates slows down or diverts the flow is taken into account 4 the presence of aquatic plants which slow down the flow is taken into account 5 the surface ice cover which reduces the depth and increases the flow velocity is taken into account 6 the transit discharge at boundary conditions level level has the proper value see Control of mass 7 the natural boundaries of the flow delineated by the isoline H 0 are correctly positioned 8 flow is absent in drying zones Control of Drying Wetting If after the necessary corrections the systematic and unacceptable bias persists then you should question the terrain data Control of mass balance The mass balance gives a good idea of the quality in terms of physics of a solution
73. ow in MS DOS text mode XE ex cution d marrage command prompt by typing hydrosim Immediately after being launched HYDROSIM systematically displays the name of the software Then it displays the date the time and the memory space used Finally the information on the software licence are displayed name of the software XE licence nom du logiciel access code and type of licence XE licence code d acc s XE licence type These information can be displayed either at the prompt or in an output file XE fichier sortie The software reads the instructions of the fortran number 5 unit and prints the information relative to the progress of the simulation in the fortran number 6 The input output fortran units 5 and 6 can be redirected QO HYDROSIM 1 0206 User s Guide Language Chapter Chapter 1 Overview of the software respectively to the command file fichier inp and to the output file as follows hydrosim lt fichier inp gt fichier out If no input output files are specified execution will occur at the prompt In this case all the output messages are displayed directly on the screen Also immediately after launching the software is in a scanning mode which can be deactivated by typing the command XE mode balavage STOP In the case when the execution is managed by a command file the scanning mode is automatically deactivated The output messages of HYDROSIM are displayed in an o
74. pically when a simulation is running there is only one line of message containing an integer comprised between 1 and 100 in the simulation monitoring file It expresses in percentage of the Work load the state of progress of the problem solving procedure XE ex cution avancement The work load is an integer equal to the maximum number of iterations possible XE ex cution volume It is automatically calculated during the scanning mode It is then displayed at the prompt or in the output file see Launching the software when the scanning mode is exited At the end of the HYDROSIM simulation the following message appears systematically in the simulation monitoring file XE fichier suivi de la simulation 100 END In the output file or at the prompt the date and time of the end of the simulation are displayed as well as the total duration The memory space used is also given Remark XE Remarque The duration of the same simulation may vary if the work conditions are modified 2 17 2 18 Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation The objective of this chapter is to present the procedure to build a command file XE fichier commandes see Structure of the command file from the Variables and Blocks to manage a simulation At each step the variable to define and the block to call
75. r Its use is required to simulate non permanent or transient physical processes To reach the EULER scheme the syntax is XE Euler STEMP EULER STATIQ This is a solution scheme independent of time or static Its use is required to simulate permanent physical processes To reach the STATIQ scheme the syntax is _STEMP STATIQ Processing of transient data The data of an input file are said transient as soon as we have two or more sequences of values with which is systematically associated a time value see Formats of input files The software HYDROSIM has the capacity to process transient input data in the course of a simulation evolving with time More precisely it is possible to predict the input data at a given time through an interpolation procedure The principle for the determination of the values of transient data valid for any input data is the following Figure 6 presents the variation range of a function f The range is comprised between the times tmin and tmax At the various times t4 to ti tiv4 IS associated a value of f Thus at time t the value of fis equal to if t lt tnin f t f tmin e if tietstuq f t fattb with a f ti1 f t t ti and b 1 2 f ti f t 1 a ti ti1 BAO HYDROSIM 1 0206 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix e if t gt tmax f t f tmax Figure 6 Time variation range of a data f estimation of data f at timet f tmin
76. r set at 0 5 The variation of the numerical viscosity is inversely proportional to that of the Peclet number HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution What is the role of the upper bound of the viscosity The upper bound of the viscosity controls the numerical and turbulent viscosity calculated during the solution process An overestimation of the viscosity values could compromise the processus of convergence On the opposite an upper bound too low could also underestimate the level of dissipation and have the problem diverge quickly In practice it is always difficult to set at the beginning of the very first simulation the value to give to the upper bound of viscosity Only through a trial and error procedure can it be set properly What are the effects of an excessive dissipation The phenomenon of excessive dissipation is caused by an overestimation of the viscosity An excessive dissipation will artificially inflate the water level and smoothen the flow To improve the results you can modify the upper bound of viscosity by decreasing it to the limit of convergence This will result in reducing the water level and developing the complex structures of the flow as observed in real life How to estimate the discharge transiting in the domain HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide The discharge transiting in the simulation domain is estimated by analyzing the results of the function cu
77. rdance with the Wu discontinuous law while the normal flux is converted in an equivalent distributed solicitation on the contour of the domain In the distributed solicitations file the wind components x and y are associated respectively with the first and the second nodal degree of freedom The normal flux is associated with the third degree of freedom see Solicitations file Number of terms of initialization NTINI XE NTINI 7 1 initial specific discharge q 2 initial specific discharge qy 3 water level h at point of reference 4 slope S of water body 5 slope S of water body 6 coordinate x of point of reference 7 coordinate y of point of reference The variables of initialization allow to build on choice two types of initial solution a hydrostatic solution h constant and all the other terms are set at 0 b quasi linear hydrodynamic solution consists in defining a water body answering the relation h x y h S x x S y y and to set q qy 0 Internally the code determines the resulting specific discharge q x y by a Chezv XE Ch zy Manning law XE Manning Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Librarv of temporal schemes The library of temporal schemes of HYDROSIM proposes two methods to discretize time e EULER e STATIQ EULER This a solution scheme depending on time of which the approximation is of the type EULER XE Euler approximation of the first orde
78. real before calling SOLC Block for the reading of distRibuted SOLicitations XE sollicitations reparties e Variables associated with MSLR and TASSLR Mandatorv to define the variable MSLR if the distributed solicitations are stored on file before calling SOLR In the case where the distributed solicitations are read on file define the variable TASSLR if the distributed solicitations evolve in time before calling SOLR Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO PREL and INIT real real real before calling SOLR Block calling the SOLVer The svntax of the block is accompanied bv an optional table of real containing the factors limiting the solution associated with each tvpe of degree of freedom e Variables associated with SOLR e Function e Prerequisite SOLV real real real e Function e Prerequisite STOP e Function HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide MEXE for the progress status of the simulation For the others they depend on the resolution scheme defined by the variable STEMP Call the blocks FORM COOR ELEM PRGL PRNO PREL INIT real real real COND SOLC optional SOLR optional et PRCO depending on IMPR before calling SOLV Block to STOP the software 2 9 Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure Variables e Variable associated with None e Prerequisite None The variables are always followed by a dynamic field defining them The syntax of variables XE syntaxe va
79. riable is _VARIABLE value The dynamic field value comes in three forms e Type string of characters between single quotation marks e Type integer e Type real Type string of characters 2 10 The variables of the type string of characters are generally used to define the names of data and results files Their use may be optional or mandatory In HYDROSIM there are 19 variables of the type string of characters e ELTYP e FFFIN e FFINI e MCND e MCOR e MELE e MERR e MEXE e MFCR e MFIL e MFIN HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure e MINI e MPRE e MPRN e MPST e MRES e MSLC e MSLR e STEMP ELTVP A fundamental variable for anv simulation It defines the TVPe of finite ELement to be used see Librarv of finite elements FFFIN Variable defining the format ASCII or binarv of the degrees of freedom file It may have a ASCII default or BIN value FFINI Variable defining the format ASCII or binarv of the initial solution file It mav have a ASCII default or BIN value MCND Variable defining the name or the name extension of the boundarv CoNDitions file MCOR Variable defining the name or the name extension of the mesh nodes COoRdinates file MELE Variable defining the name or the name extension of the connectivities of the mesh ELEments file MERR HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide i Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure Variable defining the name or
80. rithm minimizing the band width In the solution algorithm the ILU preconditioning matrix and the dimension of the solution sub space via NITER determine the memory space required for the solution procedure The memory space needed to store the ILU matrix with a n fill level ILU n is about HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Precision Solution update HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide 0 3 2 NKGP XE NKGP 3 n 1 NDLT XE NDLT 1 2 in Megabytes XE m gabytes while that associated with the solution sub space is given by o NITER NDLT XE NDLT where c 8 27 is the conversion coefficient from real words to Megabytes and NKGP XE NKGP the number of non null terms in the ILU matrix This information can be found in the output file associated with the command ILU 0 PRCO 0 The precision applicable to the iterative process of the Solution update is defined using the variable EPSDL The greater the precision the greater the volume of calculation For the simulation of theoretical problems EPSDL is given a value in the order of _EPSDL 1 E 10 For the efficient simulation of real cases the value temporarily given is the order of _EPSDL 1 E 03 and nearing the solution the value off XE solution EPSDL is progressively reduced to the desired precision Which may typically be in the vicinity of _EPSDL 1 E 0
81. rocessing file Define the variables MFIL and MPST to assign the file name Call the block POST Example The results of the post processing must be stored in the file test pst the command is _MFIL test _MPST pst 3 9 Print the residuals Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation 7 POST OJ The residuals are stored in an ASCII file see Residuals file Define only the variables MFIL and MRES to assign the file name in the stationary context In the transient context add DPAS and ALFA XE transitoire Call the block RESI Example 1 The residuals associated with a stationary solution must be stored in the file test res the command is _MFIL test _MRES res RESI 0 Example 2 The residuals associated with a transient solution calculated with an implicit EULER scheme ALFA 1 and a one minute time step must be stored in the file test res the command is _MFIL test _MRES res _ALFA 1 0 DPAS 60 RESI 0 Print the function current 3 10 The function current is stored in a read write ASCII file see Function current file Define the variables MFIL and MFCR to assign the file name and the solution variables ILU NRDEM NITER EPSDL and OMEGA Call the block FCRT Example 1 The function current after having been calculated bv a direct method must be stored in the file test fcr the command is _MFIL test _MFCR fcr
82. rrent For example Figure 5 presents a tracing of isolines known as lines of current of the function current Along a line of current the normal flow is nil Thus it may be considered that a solid boundary represents a line of current because of the impermeability condition imposed A constant portion AQ of the total discharge transiting in the domain flows between two lines of current of values wi and Wi 2 The portion is determined by AQ Wis2 Wiet Example We consider on Figure 5 a simulation domain where the contour is made of two solid boundaries and two open boundaries The two solid boundaries are delineated by the curves AD and BC The open boundaries are delineated by the curve AB in entrance and by the curve CD in exit The discharge Q simulated in permanent regime which transits in the domain is a priori unknown To find it simply calculate 4 27 Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Qas IWa Vel where Wa et ysg are the values of the function current at points A and B respectivelv In the same manner the outgoing discharge can be calculated bv Qco Iwe Wpl In theorv Qasp Qop Figure 5 Graphic representation of the function current contour of the simulation domain lines of current 4 28 HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Chapter 5 Appendix e Language dictionary e Library of finite elements e Library of temporal schemes e Processing of
83. ruction Choose the type of temporal scheme see STEMP Instruction Define the formulation see FORM Instruction Definition of data and results files Instruction l List of instructions for the acquisition of l data the simulation and post processing Instruction End of the simulation STOP Remark XE Remarque Each instruction must be written on only one line of 1024 characters maximum HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Blocks HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure Each command is identified by an execution block Each block has an optional printing unit which returns in output in part or in totality the input data and or information specific to each block The level of printing of the information is driven by the positive integer m which is equal to 0 by default The syntax of blocks is XE niveau impression BLOCK or BLOCK M Certain blocks are accompanied by a table of real values BLOCk real real real or BLOCK M real real real The name of each block is a reserved word which must not exceed 4 characters maximum In HYDROSIM there are 18 blocks e COND e COOR e ELEM e ERR e FCRT e FIN e FORM e INIT real real real e PRCO e PREL 2 3 COND COOR ELEM 2 4 Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure e PRGL real real real e PRNO e POST e RESI e SOLC e SO
84. s this parameter extend the calculation loop it also increases the solution sub space If the result is the same modify the upper bound of viscosity upward first then downward if necessary XE viscosit borne ff the problem persists it is likelv that the solution cannot be found because of a lack of discretization somewhere in the simulation domain You must then visually identify the problem zone zone with high residuals Next vou must refine the mesh locallv and re launch the simulation Figure 3 Stagnation of the convergence process of the norm 4 11 Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution IAUII stagnation of the norm iterations Has convergence been reached To confirm that the convergence of the calculated solution has been reached numerically you must make sure that 1 GMRES has converged 2 The norm of the residuals associated with each degree of freedom XE norme qx qy et h is at most in the same order as If there is convergence the XE convergence simulation is ended In the case of local convergence only the simulation must be re launched starting from the last solution and the number of iterations NITER must be increased Repeat this procedure if needed If the problem persists visually analyze the results two scenarios are possible 1 The results are generally valid In this case isolate the zones with high residuals Refine the mes
85. sh with 5 nodes and 2 dimensions Which gives 5 2 0 000 0 000 0 000 1 000 0 000 2 000 1 000 0 000 1 000 1 000 HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide SLL Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Elementarv properties file The elementarv properties are dvnamic tvpe data The file format is as follows Sequence tines Format varamies J ve NELT XE NELT NPREL XE NPREL Tmp pre 2 to NNT XE NNT 1 2 to NNT XE in vpre i i 1 NPREL XE NPREL NELT XE NELT NPREL XE NPREL in vpre i i 1 NPREL XE NPREL NELT XE NELT NPREL XE NPREL Tmp pre in vpre i i NNT XE 1 NPREL XE NNT 1 NPREL Tmp pre Time associated with each sequence of elementary properties NELT XE NELT Total number of elements NPREL XE NPREL Number of properties to read per element vpre Table of the values of the elementary properties Nodal properties file The nodal properties are dynamic type data The file format is as follows B22 HYDROSIM 1 0206 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix Sequence tines Format varamies ype 2 to NNT XE NNT 1 2 to NNT XE NNT XE NNT 1 HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide NNT XE NNT NPRNL XE NPRNL Tmp prn in vprn i i 1 NPRNL XE NPRNL NNT XE NNT NPRNL XE NPRNL Tmp prn in vprn i i 1 NPRNL XE NPRNL NNT XE NN
86. simulation driven by the time step XE pas de temps ELTYP SVCRNM STEMP EULER HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Practical advice HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide FORM Initial condition Model initial run INIT 0 0 0 0 0 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Downstream condition h 155 0m a t 0h00 et 150 0m a t 10h00 Downstream water level at beginning 155 0m TASCND 0 _MCND hav_155p0_t00h00 150p0_t10h00 cnd COND 0 parameters of solution in time TINI 0 DPAS 900 NPAS 100 STOP End of command file Remark XE Remarque If the solution does not converge reduce the time step XE pas de temps If the problem persists reduce the rate of downstream water level reduction This advice concerns long duration simulations for example a night long job To avoid any unexpected problem which might induce the loss of several hours of calculation it is strongly recommended to print periodically the degrees of freedom in different files if disk space is available After a power failure it will be possible to re launch the simulation from the most recent solution obtained or acceptable Example For asame volume of calculation instead of command 1 command 1 single printing of dof in test fin _NPREC 3 SOLV 0 0 25 0 25 0 1 _MFIL test _MFIN fin
87. sional Saint Venant XE Saint Venant equations in the conservative form It is dedicated to the study of hydrodynamics in rivers and estuaries It supports the concept of Drying Wetting of shores It admits three degrees of freedom per node the scalar water level and the vector specific discharge SVCRNM is identical to Finite element SVC however it is more performing in the solution by the GMRES iterative method On the other end it is recommended to use Finite element SVC which consumes a lot less memory space than SVCRNM when GMRES is coupled with a ILU preconditioning with a maximum fill level ILU 1 e Geometric e Global HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Geometric Global Elementarv Nodal Boundarv conditions HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix e Elementary e Nodal Number of NDIM XE NDIM 2 Number of nodes per element NNEL 6 Number of global properties to read NPRGL 13 1 gravity 9 75258282 m s lt g lt 9 6605398m s 2 latitude 3 constant turbulent viscosity 4 mixing length coefficient XE longueur de m lange 5 mesh related mixing length coefficient 6 lower bound of viscosity 7 upper bound of viscosity 8 penalization of Manning XE Manning coefficient for Drying 10 9 porosity for Drying 1 10 convection coefficient XE convection 1 11 Peclet number XE Peclet 0 5 12 free surface smoothing coefficien
88. st ele the command is MFIL test MELE ele ELEM OJ Read the global properties The global properties are integrated from the commands file Call the block PRGL and fill the global properties table which follows Example To integrate the global properties 5 items in this example the command is PRGL 0O 9 81 47 1 e 06 1 1 e 03 Read the nodal properties HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide The nodal properties are stored in an ASCII file see Nodal properties file Define only the variables MFIL and MPRN to assign the file name in the stationary context In the transient context add TASPRN XE transitoire Call the block PRNO Example The stationary nodal properties are in the file test prn the command is _MFIL test _MPRN prn PRNO 0 In the transient context the time has to be specified if the nodal properties vary with time for example load the properties associated with XE transitoire t 24h00 _MFIL test 3 3 Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation 7 _MPRN prn _TASPRN 86400 PRNO 0 Read the elementary properties The elementary properties are stored in an ASCII file see Elementary properties file Define only the variables MFIL and MPRE to assign the file name in the stationary context In the transient context add TASPRE XE transitoire Call the block PREL Example The stationary elementary properties
89. t 10 13 minimum depth admissible 1075m No elementary properties to read NPREL XE NPREL 0 Number of nodal properties to read NPRNL XE NPRNL 3 1 terrain topography XE topographie du terrain 2 Manning coefficient XE Manning 3 ice thickness XE glace The boundary conditions B C are applied on the degrees of freedom at the contour of the domain The number of degrees of 5 7 Solid boundarv Open boundarv Convention Solicitations Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix freedom per node is NDLN XE NDLN 3 in the order the following specific discharge in x qx the following specific discharge in y q and the level of the free surface h The water level at the nodes middle of edge is systematically imposed internally implicit B C It is evaluated after the solution by giving it the mean value at the node vertex to the corresponding edge In a situation of flow simulation in a domain with complex geometry the B C on the specific discharge q q qy must be expressed in the normal tangent coordinate system In this case q admits qn and q as components e Solid boundary e Open boundary e Convention On a solid boundarv a condition of impermeabilitv q 70 is alwavs imposed We can leave q free or exploit a no flow condition 944 170 in the case of a confined flow Remark XE Remarque impermeability is the default condition On an open boundary the water level is a
90. tion stored in binary format varies with time for example load the solution associated with t 3h00 _MFIL test _MINI deb _FFINI BIN _TASINI 10800 INITIO Remark XE Remarque The format of the file read by the block INIT is identical to the format generated by the block FIN Read the boundary conditions HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide The boundary conditions are stored in an ASCII file see Boundary conditions file Define only the variables MFIL and MCND to assign the file name in the stationary context In the transient context add TASCND XE transitoire Call the block COND Example the stationary boundary conditions are in the file test prn the command is _MFIL test _MCND cnd COND 0 3 5 Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation In the transient context the time has to be specified if the boundarv conditions varv with time for example load the conditions associated with t 1h00 _MFIL test _MCND cnd TASCND 3600 COND 0 Read the concentrated solicitations The concentrated solicitations are stored in an XE sollicitations concentr es ASCII file see Solicitations file Define only the variables MFIL and MSLC to assign the file name in the stationary context In the transient context add TASSLC XE transitoire Call the block SOLC Example The stationary concentrated solicitations are in the file XE sollicita
91. tions concentr es test slc the command is _MFIL test _MSLC slc SOLC 0 In the transient context the time has to be specified if the concentrated solicitations vary with time for example load the solicitations associated with t 0h30 _MFIL test _MSLC slc _TASSLC 1800 SOLC 0 Read the distributed solicitations The distributed solicitations are stored in an XE sollicitations concentr es ASCII file see Solicitations file Define only the variables MFIL and MSLR to assign the file name in the stationary context In the transient context add TASSLR XE transitoire Call the block SOLR Example The stationary distributed solicitations are in the file XE sollicitations concentr es test slr the command is HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 3 How to manage a simulation 7 Solve the problem HVDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide _MFIL test _MSLR slr SOLR 0 In the transient context the time has to be specified if the distributed solicitations vary with time for example load the solicitations associated with t Oh00 MFIL test _MSLR slr _TASSLR 0 SOLC 0 The procedure to activate the solution has two steps 1 Mandatory step if IMPR 3 Assign a value to ILU and to DELPRT Activate the block PRCO 2 Assign a value to TINI NPAS IMPR NPREC NRDEM NITER OMEGA and EPSDL Call the block SOLV real real real and fi
92. transient data e Block dependencies e Example of command file e Formats of input files e Formats of results files Language dictionary The language dictionary of HYDROSIM proposes three work languages e HYDROSIM in English e HYDROSIM in Spanish e HVDROSIM in French HYDROSIM in English To use the English version ENGlish define the variable LANGUE at _LANGUE eng HYDROSIM in Spanish To use the Spanish version ESPagnol define the variable LANGUE at _LANGUE esp HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide sss S A HVDROSIM in French Chapter Chapter 5 Appendix To use the French version FRanGais define the variable LANGUE at _LANGUE frc Library of finite elements Finite element SVC How to reach it Function The library of finite elements of XE l ments finis HYDROSIM proposes two types of finite elements XE l ments finis e Finite element SVC e Finite element SVCRNM Named SVC by reference to the Saint Venant XE Saint Venant equations in Conservative form e How to reach it e Function e Properties e Boundary conditions e Solicitations e Initial solution To reach it in the command file the variable ELTYP must be defined as follows _ELTYP SVC SVC is a six node triangular finite element distributed according to the scheme one on each vertex and one in the middle of each edge It is used to discretize the two
93. utput file if it has previously been specified HYDROSIM has a language translation module which translates the internal messages of the software The language of use is defined in the configuration file XE langue hydrosim inif XE fichier configuration using the variable LANGUE The syntax XE syntaxe langue is as follows _LANGUE xxx The characters xxx define the language of use see Language dictionary French is the default language Physical measurements units In HYDROSIM physical measurements are expressed in the International System IS units Stopping the software For an execution without input files XE fichier entr e a two step procedure is followed to stop the software First you must exit the scanning mode by typing the command STOP followed by Enter The same operation is repeated to stop the software HYDROSIM 1 0a06 User s Guide Chapter Chapter 2 Work procedure Chapter 2 Work procedure HVDROSIM is a modular software where each module is dedicated to a specific task The objective of this chapter on the work procedure is to present all the modules found in HVDROSIM their function as well as the prerequisite and dependencies related to their execution The sections in this chapter address the following items e Schematic description e Structure of the command file e Structure of file names e Progress of the simulation Schematic description After launching
94. y first simulation is empirical Example The upstream water level is at elevation 155 m and the downstream water level is at 150m To calculate the solution in permanent regime we choose the approach Driven by the downstream water level maintaining the upper bound of viscosity at a value of 100 m s during the phase of water level reduction The solution obtained is stored in the degrees of freedom file haval_150p0_nusup_100p0 deb Next we reduce the value of the upper bound of viscosity by increment of 10 m s The command file reads Beginning of the command file of the first simulation driven by the upper bound of viscosity ELTYP SVCRNM STEMP STATIQ FORM l Upper bound of viscosity equal to 90 PRGL 01 9 8 0 0 1 0 1 e 6 90 10 1 1 30 055 le 05 l1e 3 l Initial condition Solution calculated with the upper bound l of viscositv equal to 100 _MINI haval_150p0_nusup_100p0 deb INIT OJ l Printing of the degrees of freedom _MFIN haval 150pO nusup 90p0 deb FIN STOP End of the command file of the first simulation Beginning of the command file of the second simulation driven bv the upper bound of viscositv 4 17 Chapter Chapter 4 How to obtain a hydrodynamic solution Upper bound of viscosity equal to 80 PRGL 0 9 8 0 O 1 0 1 e 6 80 10 1 1 0 0 5 le 05 le 3 l Initial condition Solution of the first simulation

HYDROSIM User's Guide - Groupe GRE-EHN

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