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DESS v6 User's Guide

1. Electrical Layers ve Y Low 0 01 0 875 6d 13 8 kV Low 0 875 0 925 6d 4 16 kV d Acceptable 0 925 0 95 6d 600V Good 0 95 1 ER Background Laye High gt 1 F LandBase Width 4013 2m Status Bar Map View Main Menu All the essential commands are on this bar and are described thoroughly in the Reference Guide Frequently used commands in the menu system are also shown on the toolbar When you put your mouse over a menu item the status bar at the bottom of the screen shows a more detailed description of the command Toolbar 2008 Dromey Design Inc 28 DESS v6 User s Guide This contains two types of items common commands and map tools The common commands such as Open Save Find Node etc provide a quick way to access commonly used menu commands The map tools euch as Select New Node Polygon Select etc affect the current map tool and affect what happens when you click or drag the mouse on the map Placing the mouse over a command will show a tooltip with the name of the command and a more detailed description will be shown in the status bar Map View The map view pane is the focus of your work It includes background layers containing streets land base etc and electrical layers which contain all the nodes lines and elements that are in your system Docking Windows The docking window allows the user to quickly access specific types of data Standard dock wi
2. 118 DESS v6 User s Guide Find by ID Find by Name All Nodes Find a single node ID Find a range of node IDs Enter the ID or IDs to search for and then push the Search button 6 To 78 Name Description 3 0001 1191 Ed ID 30002 1192 Et ID 3 0003 1193 Ext ID 3 0004 1194 Bd ID 30005 1195 Ext ID 3 0006 1196 Ed ID 30007 1197 Bd ID 1100 Cus IM Finding a single node or a series of nodes using ID numbers Click on the Search button and each node with an ID number equal to or between these two numbers will be displayed below in the list area You can click on Name ID or Description to sort the entire list by that column You can click on a column heading again to reverse the sorting order eg ascending to descending You can double click on any one of the nodes in the list item to close the Find Node dialog and center the map view on that node with that node selected Alternately if you select the node of interest in the list and click OK it will also center on that node Finding Nodes using Name and Description This option lets you find a node using part of the name or description field Enter part of the name of the node which you are looking for into the Name text box You can also enter in a part of the description of the node You can then press the Search button to display all of the nodes in the system which match your criteria You can choose Name or De
3. Matching Items 84 5000 kVA Delta Wye44000 4160V P 78 3000 kVA Delta Wye44000 4160V P a Any Any 63 10000 kVA Delta Wye44000 4160V 7 Snge Phase 120V 53 5000 kVA Delta Wye 27600V Pad IESEL 208 V 52 3750 kVA Delta Wye 27600 4160V F Wo S we 30 deg 240 V 51 2000 kVA Delta Wye 27600 4160V F High Voltage i i Low Voltage 600 V 45 5000 kVA Delta Wye 13800 4160V F 43 3750 kVA Delta Wye 13800 4160V F 13800 V 41 2500 kVA Delta Wye 13800 4160V F 39 2000 kVA Delta Wye 13800 4160V F 37 1500 kVA Delta Wye 13800 4160V F Controls Criteria Use the different criteria to select characteristics of the distribution transfomer you want to find For each criteria high voltage size winding and low voltage you can choose a specific value in order to reduce the size of the list of matching items Matching Items This list shows the types of transformer which match the specified criteria Once you have selected one of these items in the list you can click OK to choose that item OK Chooses the selected item OK is only enabled when you have make a selection from the Matching Items list 5 4 2 3Week Type Reference Data Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing week type reference data items which form part of the data for load modeling It is accessed from the Week Types section of the Reference docking window This data is used in the Load Category Dialog
4. Anything completely inside the rectangle will be selected Polygon Select Tool 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 77 q This tool is the most versatile of the three toolbar selection tools Basically what you do with this tool is draw a polygon around the area containing the items which you want to select Each click of your mouse is a vertex of the polygon with the first click as your first vertex To end your shape you double click When you do this DESS draws a line from where you double clicked to your initial vertex selecting anything inside the newly created polygon Like the rectangle select tool this tool only selects items on the current layer which are completely inside the polygon area d gt The polygon selection tool allows you to make very customizable and flexible selections Inverting Selection Inverting your current selection is a very useful and time saving task You can access this tool from the main menu via Query gt Invert Selection When you activate this tool anything which is currently selected becomes unselected and anything which was unselected is now selected This is useful if you wish to select everything except a few specific nodes or lines In order to do this you would select the nodes or lines which you do not wish selected Then you select Invert Selection from the Query menu Everything in the entire system will be selected except those specific nodes
5. 2008 Dromey Design Inc 270 DESS v6 User s Guide Planning 6 Power Transformer Dialog 162 Print Preview Protection 49 Dialog 167 Reference Data 58 Reference Data Dialog Q Query Menu Query Property Dialog 247 Quick Reference R 49 103 143 131 198 135 22 50 171 131 Reactor Dialog Recent Files Recloser 49 Redo 105 143 Edit Menu 133 Whats New in Dess 6 Reducing Losses 6 Reference Data 55 121 123 Reference Data Dialogs 177 Reference Data Docking Window Reference Guide 130 Region 50 Registering DESS Regulator 50 Dialog 172 Relay 49 Relay Setting 17 148 12 169 17 67 142 67 69 Dialog Reports Results sox Save Result System System As Save Map to File Save Result Dialog 241 Season Type 56 Reference Data Dialog Select All 135 Select Docking Window Selectable Layers 97 Selecting Selection Tools Set View 137 Short Circuit 66 Show Disconnected Show Loops 135 Dialog 255 Source 50 Dialog 174 Impedances Status Bar 27 Styles 37 110 Supply 50 Switch 53 143 Dialog 176 Switches 116 Switching 53 Synchronous System 8 13 131 131 131 137 185 150 74 144 135 51 48 2008 Dromey Design Inc Index 271 System 8 13 Basics 31 e MN Data 32 Properties Dialog 232 Start Modeling 31 See 53 Stop Modeling 32 View 256 Understanding 6 View All 137 System Properties 133 Voltage Level
6. Once you have selected the general parameters on the upper half of the dialog you can specify more specific properties below listed under Properties To Match To add a criteria you can either select a topic and press the yellow plus or right click on one of the topics already in the dialog Either way a list will appear which has a list of available topics which can be selected Each of these is now a criteria for the selection You can right click on any criteria to bring up a further list of options In this manner you can set the query as detailed or as specific as necessary ex As shown in the image above 2008 Dromey Design Inc 80 DESS v6 User s Guide 1 You select Nodes in the select topic box in the top left This means that the dialog will only select nodes 2 You set the Select From category to only select from the active layer 3 You want the items which are to be selected by this dialog to be added to the nodes and lines which are already selected and so you enable the checkbox which says Add to currently selected items 4 Now to add a criteria right click on the word node below and select the criteria which you want in this case a switch switch element 5 You can add more detailed criteria if you need to not shown in this example 6 Click the Select button the dialog will close All nodes with switch elements located on the current layer will be added to your selection
7. Subtransient 0 u Starting Parameters Grounded Current Multiple 6 Power Factor 0 35 Controls ID This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the motor generator element Node 2008 Dromey Design Inc 160 DESS v6 User s Guide This is the ID number of the node that the motor generator is attached to Motor Generator Determines whether the element represents a 3 phase motor or a 3 phase generator Synchronous Induction Determines whether the element represents a synchronous machine or an induction machine Most motors are induction machines and most large generators are synchronous Rated Size Nominal power rating of the machine kVA Impedances are specified in p u on the rated size Zero Sequence Impedance The zero sequence impedance in p u on rated kVA This in conjunction with the ground impedance affects the zero sequence infeed to a fault Negative Sequence Impedance The negative sequence impedance of the machine in p u on rated kVA This determines the negative sequence infeed to a fault Subtransient Impedance The subtransient impedance of the machine in p u on rated kVA This determines the positive sequence infeed to a fault Grounded Check this box if the generator terminals are grounded Ground Impedance The ground impedance if any in Ohms if the generator is grounded Power The actual power consumption of a motor or power output
8. 264 DESS v6 User s Guide when no results or other custom themes are being displayed Using the dialog you can set a series of rules defining the characteristics of a particular type of label and its associated appearance It is accessed from the Themes menu Appearance Style Rules Evaluated in order DessNode Switch DessNode tA xX Label Text Available Fields Selected Fields Node ID Switch Status tmp Node ID Description New Line Switch Status Node Name Load Category Transformer Type Sample Switch Status Node ID Node Name OK Cancel Help Controls Label Style Rules The currently defined set of label rules The details of the rule characteristics is shown at right in the Properties Tree Up amp Down Use the Up and Down buttons to change the order of the rules When a theme is evaluated for a specific line the first matching rule will be selected and all others will be 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 265 ignored For this reason more specific rules e g 27kV Single Phase Underground Line should be higher up in the list than more general rules e g DESS node Add amp Delete Use the Add button to add new empty rules and the Delete button to remove unwanted rules Properties Tree This tree view is the heart of the custom rule ability Starting with a line object you add conditions which you want
9. CSS distribution engineering simulation software DESS v6 User s Guide 2008 Dromey Design Inc DESS v6 User s Guide Distribution Engineering Simulation Software by Dromey Design Inc DESS is a complete tool for modeling medium voltage electrical distribution systems This guide contains a description of the concepts used in the software along with detailed reference information for using the software DESS v6 User s Guide 2008 Dromey Design Inc All rights reserved No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means graphic electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording taping or information storage and retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and or registered trademarks of the respective owners The publisher and the author make no claim to these trademarks While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document Printed October 2008 in Ontario
10. DessLine PhLine Value ABC UserConductor lsOverhee DessLine PhLineValue ABC DessLine UserConductor lsOverhead True DessLine The Line Styles Dialog From this you can set the order of your styles as well as create or delete styles 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 39 Sample Style Width 2 Al Pixels Color Dison v o This is the dialog which appears after the add button is clicked There are three different sets of Style Rules those for nodes those for lines and those for text labels for either nodes or lines Styles for nodes and lines can each be set in the main menu under the headings Themes gt Default Appearance gt Node Style Rules or Themes gt Default Appearance gt Line Style Rules Styles for labels can be set in Themes gt Default Appearance gt Label Style Rules Each of these opens their respective styles dialog These dialogs contain the settings for the basic themes and define how your system will appear Styles are evaluated in DESS in the order that they appear in the Styles dialog top to bottom If a node or line meets the criteria on the top of the list then any further styles will not apply to it In this way you can make your own styles and rules and set their priority relative to the rest of the style rules You have complete control over the appearance of your system using the styles you set in the Node Style Ru
11. Season 2008 Dromey Design Inc 196 DESS v6 User s Guide The part of the year this data applies to Week The part of the week that this data applies to Power Factor The default power factor lagging for the load category If load components have been defined for this category they will have their own power factor information and this value will only apply to that portion of the load not covered by components Furthermore if load curves for this category have both real and reactive curves defined this value is ignored completely The ratio of real to reactive curve values will determine the power factor Using real and reactive curves is also the only way to define a load with a leading power factor PV Factor The default PV factor for this load If load components have been defined for this category they will have their own PV values and this value will only apply to that portion of the load not covered by components The relationship between voltage and real power for this type of load The actual power produced is the nominal power times the p u voltage raised to this factor Pepy A value of 0 means that the power is independent of voltage constant power A value of 1 means power is proportional to voltage constant current and a value of 2 means power varies with the square of the voltage constant impedance QV Factor The default QV factor for this load If load components have
12. and then clicking on the Edit Layer Properties button on the top of the Layer Docking Window This dialog contains all of the settings that are available for a layer in DESS Some of the layer properties selectable visibility can also be set directly from the pop up menu EI DESS Sample System dss xm File Edit Query View Analysis Tools Themes w A mmm ae SC eg A cy d Electrical Layers ca 6d 138 kV i i ff gesch d Add Electrical Layer B Back e Add Background Layer ei U SetAsAct IN Selectable Ed Visibility on Visibility Off f Visibility Zoom A Delete Layer Sch Edit Layer Properties Right clicking on a layer brings up a list of editable options 2008 Dromey Design Inc Path CADESS Projects Sample Data LandBase TAB Appearance Visibility Zoom e Minumum Zoom Maximum Zoom 2000 7 Selectable F Transparency CG 1 Cancel Background Layer Properties Dialog 98 DESS v6 User s Guide Layer Type Three Wire System Nominal Voltage 600 Appearance Visibilty On v Selectable 7 Show Labels Electrical Layer Properties Dialog Selectable A layer can be set to Selectable or non selectable which controls whether you can select the nodes and lines on that layer or not This option can be accessed either by right clicking on the layer and selecting whether or not it is selectable This property can
13. 4 6 Deleting Nodes and Lines To remove a node or line you must first select it Once you have it selected you can remove it either by pressing the delete button on your keyboard or pressing the delete button on the toolbar Both methods accomplish the same thing If you remove a node all lines attached to that node will also be removed This prevents hanging lines When you remove a node you also remove all elements on that node You can Undo a delete action if necessary using the Undo Redo commands 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 89 4 7 Moving a node To move a node use click and drag 1 Select the move node tool on the toolbar 2 Click and hold the left mouse button over the node you want to move 3 Still holding the left mouse button move your cursor to where you want the new node to go All lines connected to it will automatically Click and drag to set the new position redraw 4 Now release your mouse button and the node will be where you released the button 5 All of the lines attached to the node will redraw themselves automatically and the node will keep all of the same properties that it had before except for length which will be modified 2008 Dromey Design Inc 90 DESS v6 User s Guide You can move line vertices as easily as nodes by using the Move Node tool Moving Lines The Move Node tool is also able to move line vertices This acts exactly lik
14. Choose the types of load and the seasons of load you want to scale Load Categories Fd 14 Commercial 6 15 Residential 126 F 16 Industrial 98 Scale 230 detailed loads options at right Load Types Step Scale Simple Loads Check this option to scale any simple loads in the collection of nodes specified in the previous step The number of simple loads available to be scaled is shown Scale Detailed Loads Check this option to scale any detailed loads in the collection of nodes specified in the previous step The number of detailed loads available to be scaled is shown Load Categories All Categories Choose which load categories you want to apply scaling to among the specified detailed loads Only those categories which are in use among the specified loads are shown in the list To scale all loads regardless of category check the All Categories box below the list Load Seasons All Seasons Each load set in a detailed load element specifies a season for which that load applies 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 219 Choose which load seasons you want to apply scaling to among the specified detailed loads Only those seasons which are in use among the specified loads are shown in the list To scale all loads regardless of season check the All Seasons box below the list Scale Loads Type of Scaling Choose how to scale selected l
15. Details for entering data and setting properties for a number of general dialogs in DESS is available as follows File and Edit Dialogs e Save Result Dialog e System Properties Dialog e Electrical Layer Dialog e Background Layer Dialog e Node Dialog e Line Dialog Query and View Menu Dialogs e Find Node Dialog 2008 Dromey Design Inc 232 DESS v6 User s Guide e Custom Trace Dialog e Query Property Dialog e Custom Query Dialog e Set View Dialog e Save Map Dialog e Show Loops Dialog Theme Menu Dialogs e Node Style Dialog e Line Style Dialog 5 4 5 1System Properties Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing basic system properties and viewing statistics for the system Use the File gt System Properties command to access it Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 2008 Dromey Design Inc System Properties The coordinate system determines how the locations of nodes and lines are interpreted and should not normally be changed once data has been entered 0K cence tee 233 234 DESS v6 User s Guide Statistics Nodes Lines Capacitors Dist Transformers Loads 230 Motors Generators Power Transfomers 4 Protective Devices 6 Reactors 0 Regulators 0 Sources 2 Switches 65 Open Points 6 Physical Size 1 860 48 x 2 132 00 Meters
16. Query for tracing and querying data View for changing the current system view Analysis shows all of the available analyses Tools miscellaneous tools and options Themes themes for changing node and line display for system and current analysis Reports available reports for the current analysis Help help information and current licensing Menu commands which are following by an ellipses indicate that the command brings up a dialog box where you can specify command options rather than performing an action immediately File Menu The file menu is used for opening closing and saving system data and results It contains the following commands New System Opens a new empty DESS system When you open a new system the System Properties Dialog will be displayed which lets you specify properties such as coordinate systems phasing preferences etc Note that a new system will not initially contain any reference data or theme definitions for nodes or lines although these can be imported from other 2008 Dromey Design Inc 132 DESS v6 User s Guide data using the Tools gt Import References command Open System Opens an existing DESS system using a standard file dialog Most DESS system data files end with a dss xml extension note the double extension Older versions of DESS v5 5 have a dss extension Note that you can open a read only file even though you cannot save to it Backup files
17. This is a very useful and powerful selection method once you understand how to use it While it is not effective to use for common selection it can perform tasks which are almost impossible or incredibly time consuming to perform with normal selection methods Some examples of the types of selection possible using this tool are select all nodes with open switches select all nodes with 50kVA transformers on the 22kV layer select all r phase single phase lines containing 1 0 CU conductors 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 81 4 3 Tracing The trace commands allow the user to trace along all connected lines and nodes in one of several ways Primarily the Upstream Trace and Downstream Trace commands are used although the Custom Trace feature allows you to select the specific type of trace needed The Network Trace is also useful in some circumstances These commands are available in the Query menu and most are on the toolbar To perform a trace you must first select a node or line you wish to trace from and then select the trace which you want to perform Following are descriptions of each of the four types of tracing Trace Downstream This tool works when a node or line is selected The selected node or line will be the reference point for the trace From the selected node or line DESS selects any lines or nodes connected to that line but only away from the source The trace stops at open This is the orig
18. This is the electrical layer where all of the lines and nodes that are added to the system are currently added to You can only have one active layer at a time This active layer was shown by having blue text as the title of the active layer Edit Layer Properties This brings up either the Electrical Layer Properties dialog or the Background Layer Properties dialog Reference Data Docking Window The Reference Data docking window contains links to all of the reference data dialogs required to change your reference data items 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 149 yy Ga X o Conductors Transformers a Protection Types 1 IAC Standard Relay 2 S amp C SMU 20 10K 7 2 1 3 S amp C SMU 20 20K 7 2 14 4 S amp C SMU 20 40K 7 2 1 5 S amp C SMU 20 65K 7 2 147 6 S amp C SMU 20 100K 7 2 1 Ts S amp C SMU 20 140K 7 2 1 Week Types 1 Week dt Weekday i 3 Weekend a ch Season Types i bel Year 2 Spring i 3 Summer 4 Fall r Winter Ze Components 21 Incandescent Lighting 22 Flourescent Lighting 24 Clothes Dryer 25 Residential Refrigeration L 26 Cooking z gt 2008 Dromey Design Inc The reference data is organized according to type and then according to the order in which the items were created You can add new reference data by using the button that resembles a series of folders This contr
19. applies for different periods of the year Use the add button to add data for a new period and use the delete button to delete the currently selected data You can edit a set of data by clicking on the period of the year containing the data to modify or selecting the period from the list and clicking the edit button Load characteristic data and the period it applies to is edited using the Load Characteristic Info Dialog Load Curve Data Dialog Description This dialog is used to edit 24 hour load curves It is accessed from the Load Category Dialog and help define load category reference data items 2008 Dromey Design Inc 192 DESS v6 User s Guide Appearance Cl Load Curve Data _ Period Seton Week 2 Weekday v Relative Scaling 1 E Has Reactive Curve Real Curve 1 0 05 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Ba 0 Current Value 0 65 Controls Season The part of the year that this curve applies to Week The part of the week that this curve applies to Relative Scalin The size of the peak for this curve relative to the size of the peak for other curves For example if weekend loads are substantially smaller than weekday loads then you might have a weekday curve with a scaling factor of 1 and a weekend curve with a scaling factor of 75 Has Reactive Curves Check this box if you want to define both real and reactive curves for the load If you do def
20. etc It also allows you to describe the material and usage 26 DESS v6 User s Guide Theme Transformers A transformer reference defines the impedances and losses for transformers used in distribution transformer elements Week Types This defines parts of a week Usually used to define reference items for weekday and weekend This is used as part of the load modeling definitions Load categories use week types to define the effective period for load curves etc Season Types This type of reference data item defines parts of a year such as spring or summer This is used to define the period for a load element and as part of the load modeling definitions used by load categories Load Components Components are used to represent a sub definition of a type of load such as cooking air conditioning incandescent lighting etc Load Categories This type of reference data item represents a specific type of load such as residential commercial etc Load categories are referenced by load elements A set of rules defining the appearance of nodes and or lines in the system There is a default theme defining the appearance of nodes and lines Most results have one or more themes available to help display result values 2008 Dromey Design Inc Quick Reference 27 2 2 Window Components The following diagram shows the DESS interface and its main components Main Menu Toolbar Legend
21. world icon in the docking window This will create a new background layer A dialog will appear where you can browse for a background file DESS supports the following types of map files e TAB MapInfo TAB format files 2008 Dromey Design Inc 16 DESS v6 User s Guide e DXF AutoCAD text interchange format e SHP ESRI shape file Reference Data Reference Data is required for many basic items in DESS such as lines and loads You can create your own reference data or import it from another system This is covered in more detail in How To gt Tools gt Modifying References and in Users Guide gt Reference Data Once you have created or imported some reference data you can start to model your system Finished You are finished preparing your system You can now start to actually place nodes lines and elements onto your new system The tutorials in the How to section of this help system will help you with any further concerns about basic usage of DESS 2008 Dromey Design Inc Introduction 17 1 6 What s New in DESS 6 For users of previous versions of DESS version 6 introduces a number of changes which will make your life easier and help make you more productive The most important changes are described below Interface Changes DESS now incorporates all data editing and result viewing in a single program Previously a separate Reference Data Editor was used for editing r
22. 2008 Dromey Design Inc 78 DESS v6 User s Guide Selection after inverting Although the selection in this is large it illustrates the principle of inverting selections Inverting can be done any number of times in a row You could run an Invert Selection on the system shown after inverting above and you would end up with the original selection Custom Selection The Custom Selection Dialog allows you to specify specific criteria which are used to select nodes and lines in the current system To use this you begin by specifying whether 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 79 you want to select nodes or lines and whether you wish to select them from the active layer currently selected items or the complete system You can also select whether or not you want these nodes to be added to the current selection If do not want these to be added to the current selection and you have a current selection it will become unselected and the nodes or lines designated in the dialog will replace them Note that you cannot select both nodes and lines at the same time using this dialog Select From Complete System Active Layer Currently Selected Items V Add to currently selected items Properties To Match Node ID Parent Node Phasing Open Phasing This is the custom selection dialog Using this you can select very specific items throughout your system
23. 3 adh j With transparency it is easy to distinguish between layers In this example the 4 16 kV layer is partially transparent Visibility Visibility is simply whether or not a layer is visible or not This can be set both by right clicking on a layer and through the properties dialog Visibility Off makes the layer invisible You cannot edit the layer when it is set to this Visibility On is the default and has the layer shown normally Zoom Visibility is a special case of visibility it is discussed below Zoom Zoom Visibility sometimes called de cluttering is the ability to set a layer to be visible only when you are zoomed into or out to a certain range The levels can be set in the properties dialog using two options Basically the layer will be visible between the two listed values for the sake of example say that minimum zoom level is set to Om or left blank and the maximum zoom level is set to 10000m If your screen width is between those two numbers then the layer is visible Once you have zoomed out far enough and your screen width is greater than 10000m the layer disappears This allows for several different possibilities You can have your layer disappear once you zoom out appear when you zoom out or only appear within a specific range All of these possibilities can be set by adjusting the minimum and maximum values Any zoom level which is higher than the minimum will be visible while any zoom level which is low
24. 41 T Voltage Regulator 50 W Themes 37 110 141 Time Current Curve Point Dialog 201 Warning 135 Toolbar 27 143 Week Type 56 Tools Reference Data Dialog 184 Dialogs 207 Tooltips 106 Window Components 27 Tracing Ey ae Custom 143 Downstream 81 135 143 Network 135 Zoom Layering 44 Upstream 81 135 143 Zooming 73 144 Transformer 23 Distribution 47 Power 49 Reference Data 56 Reference Data Dialog 180 Substation 49 Transparency 44 U Undo 105 143 Undo inthe Menu 133 Whats New in DESS 6 17 User s Guide 30 Using DESS 8 2008 Dromey Design Inc 272 DESS v6 User s Guide 2008 Dromey Design Inc
25. AVR 50 B Background Layer 41 95 Layer Docking Window 146 Properties Dialog 236 C La Capacitor 46 Dialog 153 Optimization 64 138 Change Phasing 139 Dialog 209 Change References 139 Dialog 210 Characteristic Info Dialog 195 2008 Dromey Design Inc Close 148 Result 131 System 131 Concepts 23 Conductor 55 Data Dialog 177 Connecting Layers 103 Connectivity 36 Contact 19 Create Loads 139 Dialog 225 CreatingaSystem 13 Creating Elements 93 103 Creating Layers 13 95 Cubicles 53 Custom Select 135 Custom Query 250 Custom Selection 74 Custom Trace 135 Dialog 246 E D Decluttering 44 Defintions 23 Delete 133 143 Layers 95 Lines 88 Nodes 88 DESS 8 DESS6 5 Whats New 17 Why Use 6 Dialog 207 Dialogs 151 Digitized Relay Element Data Dialog 203 268 DESS v6 User s Guide Disconnected 126 Distribution Transformer 47 Dialog 154 Docking Window 27 97 114 121 Dromey Design 19 E w Edit 91 133 143 Edit Menu 133 Edit Property Dialog 253 Elbow 53 Electrical Layers 41 95 Definition 23 Electrical Layers Properties Dialog 235 Layers Docking Window 146 Gs Generator 48 Getting Started 13 Impedance Conversion 51 Import Data 131 Import Loads 139 Import References 139 Dialog 212 Induction 48 Introduction 4 5 Inverting Selection 74 Element Dialogs 152 oe Elements 8 45 93 103 116 Energy 62 Equation Based Relay Element Data Di
26. Dromey Design Inc 84 DESS v6 User s Guide selected Nodes Network trace selects an entire network 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 85 4 4 Creating a node Creating a node is an easy and yet very fundamental task To create a new node in your system 1 Select the new node tool on the toolbar 2 Click on the location in the map view where you want the new node to be placed If you don t get it just right you can always move the node later 3 If you placed the node near a line a popup will appear and ask you if you want to insert the node into the line this splits the line and use the newly created to node to connect the two halves e Do you want to insert the new node into a line 4 The Node Dialog will appear and you will have the option to enter information about the node You do not need to fill in any information immediately if you do not want to the node will still be created and this dialog can be accessed later so you can edit the data by double clicking on the node with the select tool 2008 Dromey Design Inc 86 DESS v6 User s Guide 4 5 Creating a line To create a new line in your system 1 Select the create new line button on the toolbar Create new line tool 2 Click on a node in the map view to start the line all lines must be connected at both ends to nodes 3 You can click at any point where you want to
27. Import References Dialog Edit SCADA Measurement Load Scaling Dialog Import Load Dialog Create Loads Dialog Options Dialog 2008 Dromey Design Inc 152 DESS v6 User s Guide 5 4 1 Analysis Dialogs These dialogs appear when running an analyses e Protection Coordination Dialog Other Dialogs These dialogs appear in various areas of the program Each one explains where it is accessed System Properties Dialog Electrical Layer Dialog Background Layer Dialog Node Dialog Line Dialog Save Result Dialog Find Node Dialog e Custom Trace Dialog e Query Property Dialog e Custom Query Dialog Set View Dialog Save Map Dialog Node Style Dialog Line Style Dialog Element Data Dialogs Information is available for editing each type of element in DESS as follows Capacitor Dialog Distribution Transformer Dialog e Load Element Dialog e Motor Generator Dialog Power Transformer Dialog Protection Dialog Reactor Dialog Regulator Dialog Source Dialog Switch Dialog 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 153 5 4 1 1Capacitor Element Dialog Description This dialog is used for entering data for a capacitor element It is accessed from the Node Dialog by adding a capacitor element or double clicking on an already created capacitor element Appearance Node 40 3 0041 r w Size 100 100 Controls Control Type Time Controlled On At th
28. Reference Conductor Reference Conductor Reference DI Season Season 7 Week cH Week 1 Week Load Component 2 Weekday mA Load Category 3 Weekend Protection Reference E Load Component Node Styles 4 Load Category Line Styles Protection Reference Node Styles E Line Styles Select the reference data you want from the left and move it to the right Select which reference data items you wish to import on the left and click the right arrow to add it to the list of items to be added to your system Nothing is added until you have pressed the OK button so you are able to remove items which you do not want You 2008 Dromey Design Inc 124 DESS v6 User s Guide remove items by selecting them on the right and pressing the left arrow None of the reference data which is currently in your system is shown on the right only the reference data to import You can import entire categories by importing their heading eg by selecting Week and pressing the right arrow all three of its items would be added Likewise you can remove entire categories by selecting the category title on the right and pressing the left button You can add all reference data by selecting the External System title and pressing the right arrow You can remove all reference data by selecting Items to Import and pressing the left arrow This dialog does not only import reference data At the bottom o
29. Save Result Appearance Save Result Data 1 Choose Export Format 2 Choose Export Data Comma Separated Text Property data Tab Separated Text System data HTML Web Page Node data Line data Save To File Copy to Clipboard Controls Choose Export Format You can choose to export the results data in a number of formats XML data XML is a structured text format which is often used for interchange between different types of software or web applications Comma Separated Text CSV this is a text format where fields are separated by 2008 Dromey Design Inc 242 DESS v6 User s Guide commas This format can be imported into most databases and some spreadsheets Tab Separated Text this is a text format where fields are separated by TAB values This format is good for importing into spreadsheets such as MS Excel either by file or by pasting from the Clipboard HTML Web Page this format outputs the data as an HTML table which can be viewed using a standard web browser Here are some common situations and suggested methods for saving Open in a database save the result data to a CSV file and then import into the database Open in a spreadsheet copy the data to the clipboard as Tab Separated Text and paste into spreadsheet View save as an HTML file and drag and drop onto your web browser Choose Export Data You must choose which data to export Every type of an
30. be set either from the pop up menu or from the checkbox in the properties dialog This only affects whether a line or node is selectable or not with the basic selection tools You can still double click on any node to bring up its properties dialog and edit its information Active There can only be one active layer at any given time This layer is identified in the docking window as the layer with blue text This layer is the one at which all new nodes and lines are created at You can only have one active layer at any given time You can change which layer is currently the active layer by right clicking on the layer and selecting Set As Active Layer You cannot edit this property in the Layer Properties Dialog Transparency You can set a layer to be partially transparent This option is especially useful if you want to be able to distinguish easily between layers while having all of the layers remain visible The transparency option is only available from the Properties dialog It is shown as a slider in the bottom right corner of the dialog The farther to the right that the slider is the more visible a layer is with a default of fully visible The further to the left that the slider is the less visible the layer is This allows you to easily distinguish between layers Any layer with transparency is as fully functional as if it had no transparency option set 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 99 a fe
31. been defined for this category they will have their own QV values and this value will only apply to that portion of the load not covered by components The relationship between voltage and reactive power for this type of load The actual power produced is the nominal power times the p u voltage raised to this factor OO 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 197 A value of 0 means that the power is independent of voltage constant power A value of 1 means power is proportional to voltage constant current and a value of 2 means power varies with the square of the voltage constant impedance Reenergization Factor The proportion of the load energized during re energization For some loads such as heating and air conditioning this value will be greater than 1 0 due to a loss of load diversity during an outage For other loads such as certain industrial load the value will be less than 1 0 as loads will not be automatically applied during re energization but will be manually started later Motor Factor The proportion of the load composed of motors This affects re energization after an outage cold load pickup because motors draw an especially large load during the first few seconds of start up Day Factor This factor determines how much the temperature affects the load A positive factor will increase the load as the analysis temperature exceeds the season temperature The day factor affects the period o
32. conductor are the positive and zero sequence impedances These values represent the self and mutual impedances for a group of conductors whether is be a 3 phase 3 wire bundle a 3 phase 4 wire bundle or a single phase 2 wire set of conductors The effect of a neutral conductor whether the same size or different from the phase conductors is implicitly included in the sequence impedance values The Conductor Data Dialog is available in the Reference Guide section of this help manual 2008 Dromey Design Inc 56 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 5 2 3 5 3 3 5 4 Transformer Reference Data This type of reference data describes a transformer used in a distribution transformer element Normally the bulk of transformers on a distribution system will be defined using this data This data contains descriptive parameters such as location and description and electrical parameters such as impedance connection type and taps The Transformer Reference Data Dialog is available in the Reference Guide section of this help manual Week Type Reference Data Week types are used to define a portion of a week for analysis purposes Week types are part of the load modeling in DESS The only data for a week type is the days of the week it covers A typical system will define week types for full week all days weekend Saturday Sunday and weekday Monday Friday You can add more detailed types if you want to represent d
33. different voltage layers By default the trace stops at any power transformers and doesn t continue onto other electrical layers Phasing Select which phasing to trace For example if you chose a only the first phase would be traced Any single phase lines with b or c phasing would not be selected 5 4 5 9Query Property Dialog Description 2008 Dromey Design Inc 248 DESS v6 User s Guide This dialog lets you query or change a group of objects for a particular property Typical uses include query a group of lines to find the total conductor length modify the load unit for a group of LoadSet objects Warning Ale careful when using this to change values Not only can you not undo the changes which are made but those changes can be very bad for your system It is suggested that you have a backup before changing a large amount of values This dialog is accessed from the Query gt Query Property command Typical output for a query is shown below Please note that if you are modifying a set of property values the operation cannot be Undone Query property Length Length of line segment m on a Line objects 349 Line items found Minimum 0 Maximum 1062 984 Average 91 670763 Total 23742 728 Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 249 Z Query Object Properties x Items to Query or Edit All Items in System Curren
34. email This helps to avoid errors copying the codes If you need to manually copy the codes remember that the only characters that are used are the numbers 0 9 and letters A F there is no letter o 2008 Dromey Design Inc Introduction 13 1 5 Getting Started Loading the Sample System Now that you know how DESS works this section will provide directions on how to get a system of your own up and running A standard installation of DESS comes with a sample data system You can open this system using the File gt Open System command This system is called Sample System dss xml and is located in a Sample Data folder in your DESS install directory Your DESS 6 install directory is by default located under C Program Files DESS 6 however it may be located elsewhere depending on what you selected when installing DESS 6 You can use this sample system to learn how to use DESS It is suggested however that you make copies of the sample system if you intend to save any changes that you might make Importing A Pre Existing System From Another Format If you already have data for your electrical system in another electronic format it is usually possible and certainly desirable to import this data directly into DESS rather than manually creating it using the editing tools in DESS Tools for converting data from other GIS CAD and mapping systems are available from both Dromey Design and some GIS vendors and
35. for the analysis include the type of fault three ph ph grd ph ph ph ph grd the phasing of the fault any additional fault resistance to simulate non bolted faults 3 7 12 Reports In DESS after you have run an analysis you have the option to view several reports These reports show data related to the analysis that has just most recently been run Each report is available through the reports menu on the main menu There is a different set of reports available to view depending on which analysis was just run The reports are very intuitive and easy to use They contain only information no controls Each report is outputted in an html format so if you display a report it will appear in your default web browser the program that open html documents by default If you wish to print or save a report you can do this through the features of your browser 2008 Dromey Design Inc 68 DESS v6 User s Guide Load Flow Power Transformer Results July 11 07 3 04 47 PM Analysis Properties Minimum Iterations 3 Maximum Iterations 50 Voltage Tolerance 0 0001 pu Iterations 8 Scaling 1 Hour 18 Week 3 Weekend Season 5 Winter Temperature 20C Mismatch Node 1251 Mismatch 0 043 kW System File CADESS Sample Data Sample System des vm Power Transformer Data HV Node 1193 North Substation Size 2000 KVA Secondary Node 68 Tap Position 95 r w b Power 611 856 KW 634 361 kVAr 541 594 kW 574 780
36. ground current of a solidly grounded fault is 2900A and the positive sequence impedance is 1524 p u on 100 MVA Solution ZO 1 732 100 45 1 2 9 1524 1524 0 1 025 p u on 100 MVA base 3 4 10 Switch Element A switch element is used to model a device which can be opened or closed and thus affect the connectivity of the system Switch elements can be used to model lots of different 2008 Dromey Design Inc 54 DESS v6 User s Guide types of real world equipment including e fuses e reclosers e breakers e line switches e transformer elbows e disconnects e jumpers e anything else that can be opened to Switches are typically fully open or fully closed However it is possible to partially open a switch to model operations where only one or two phases of a three phase switch are operated Creating in DESS You create switch elements from the Node Dialog This will bring up the Switch Element Dialog described in the Reference Guide The only element that can exist on the same node is a protection element if the switch is for a fuse recloser breaker etc Because a switch represent a series device it can only be placed on a node attached to exactly two lines Putting it at a node with 3 or more lines would be ambiguous Putting it on a node with one line attached i e end of a line is meaningless but will not cause an error Cubicles Vaults Complicated Switching A real electri
37. gt Results gt Themes This dialog allows you to add edit or remove styles from a particular theme With this tool you can get more out of your analysis results by setting the styles to levels colors or symbols which are meaningful to you At any time you can select the Default Theme under the Themes menu to restore the system to its default theme This restores the appearance of the system to the values that have been set in the Node Styles or Line Styles dialogs rather than a theme associated with analysis results LZ a After running a Annual Load Flow analysis the This is the default DESS theme It is designed user has chosen to change the theme to average for general use Default Theme restores your node voltages theme to this one 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 41 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 Layers This section contains information regarding the Background Layers and Electrical Layers of the map It also contains information about the Active Layer and how to control Layer Visibility Electrical Layers An electrical layer represents all the equipment in a distribution system at a given voltage level An electrical layer provides a home for nodes lines and the elements attached to the nodes You use power transformer elements to connect electrical layers together so that the electrical connectivity contains from higher voltages d
38. in the Reference Guide section of this help system This section concerns the use of the docking window The Docking window is very easy to move and adjust according to your preferences g u a X e BOs xu Conductors a A o Nodes 128 ZS E f Electrical Layers 1 Transformers i Gy Lines 123 d 13 8 kV Protection Types EA A 397 96 36 EA Zi 4 16 kv 1 IAC Standard Relay A 398 36 35 Zei 2 S amp C SMU 20 10K 7 2 14 Al 399 35 34 Background Laye 3 S amp C SMU 20 20K 7 2 14 wv 400 97 98 L 6 LandBase 4 S amp C SMU 20 40K 7 2 14 _ E wv 401 98 10 5 S amp C SMU 20 65K 7 2 14 al EEE 6 S amp C SMU 20 100K 7 2 1 a A 403 100 31 7 S amp C SMU 20 140K 7 2 1 ER Al 404 103 13 ES 5 Week Types a 405 101 1 1 Week A 406 101 6 2 Weekday Al 407 6 32 3 Weekend 73 wv 408 32 14 Season Types i 409 33 101 1 Year WW 410 33 102 2 Spring gv 411 102 3 3 Summer wl 412 34 10 4 Fall W 414 90 92 5 Winter d 415 93 90 Load Components A 416 23 93 21 Incandescent Lighting Al 417 23 99 22 Flourescent Lighting wv 418 99 10 24 Clothes Dryer wv 419 103 10 25 Residential Refrigeration gv 420 105 1 26 Cooking be A 421 19 10 D m r f rj m D m Width The width of the docking window can be adjusted by clicking and dragging the blue bar on the right of the docking window This will adjust the width of the docking window according to whi
39. including key definitions and parts of the DESS application Concepts and Definitions A table of important terms and definitions used by DESS Window Components Illustrates the various components of the DESS interface 2008 Dromey Design Inc Quick Reference 23 2 1 Concepts and Definitions The following terms have a specific meaning in DESS Understanding these terms will make it easier to use DESS and understand all of the information in this help system Term System Layers Background Layers Electrical Layers Node 2008 Dromey Design Inc Description A system is the entity in DESS that contains a set of data for a distribution system Every node line and element in DESS is a part of a system Each system is stored in a separate file usually with a dss xml extension Every system contains one or more layers There are two types of layers in DESS background layers and electrical layers Background layers are dumb maps that may contain land parcels roads poles customer information annotations or any other information which might be useful for helping to locate or clarify your electrical system They are displayed behind the electrical layers Electrical layers contain data for all equipment at a particular voltage level e g 12 47kV An electrical data contain nodes lines and elements representing facilities at that voltage A node is a point of interest on an elec
40. integrated with DESS to provide automatic data entry updating or real time information for analyses DESS is extendable The software exposes an open architecture that allows you to add or modify functionality to meet your own specific needs With limited additional development you can add functionality as varied as automatic data updating trouble call and outage reporting and linked display of CAD drawings and customer info 2008 Dromey Design Inc DESS v6 User s Guide 1 2 Why Use DESS DESS can be used in a wide variety of engineering tasks ranging from planning to operations It can be used to solve problems for individual projects or can be integrated into the planning and operating process There are a number of primary goals for using DESS Understand Your System Better By modeling your entire distribution system you can gain a better understanding of the conditions throughout the system and how your electrical system will respond to unexpected conditions Normally you have periodic information often monthly about the loads on a system and regular information about SCADA enabled points typically at substations DESS can help fill in the rest of the picture The load flow analysis provides current flows at every branch and voltages at every point in the system You can also determine the state of protection coordination on your system a job which is often left until after bad coordination has trigg
41. items from another system you can use the Tools gt Import References tool DESS ships with a large set of curves defined for common fuses reclosers and relays See the Protection Coordination Dialog for detailed information on viewing protective curves on a light table using this analysis Load Flow The load flow analysis is the most basic analysis for a power system Given the system configuration and the loading it solves the system and outputs the current flows and voltages at every point in the system When you run a load flow you choose the hour day month temperature and scaling factor to use These load modeling parameters affect the magnitude of the individual loads on the nodes The effect of changing hour and day type is dependent on the load curves defined in the load categories The effect of changing the month or season is affected both by the load curves defined for load categories and for the season defined for the load elements The results include voltages at all nodes current flow and loading on all lines and losses and loads on the system as a whole and on each region of the system Planning Comparison A primary use of the load flow is to compare different options on your system For example consider if you are planning to add a new customer to your system and there are two possible ways to supply the load You can run a load flow for each option and compare losses voltages and feeder loading Likewis
42. longitude WGS 84 NAD83 UTM etc Active Layer In order to edit data and to add nodes or lines you must set the Active Layer This layer is the electrical layer where new nodes and new lines are added It is also the layer used for rectangle and polygon selections The current active layer is shown on the toolbar The drop down list shows all the layers in the current system The selected item is the active layer 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 43 You can also set the current layer from the Layers docking window by right clicking on the layer and clicking the Set As Active Layer menu item In the Layers docking window the active layer will show up in blue DESS Sample System dss xm File Edit Query View Analysis Tools Themes Repor e g CZ A Electrical Layers d 13 8 kV d 4 16 kV E Add Electrical Layer Visibility On Visibility Off 6d Visibility Zoom XX Delete Layer Edit Layer Properties 2008 Dromey Design Inc 44 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 3 4 Hint A If you are trying to create new nodes and lines and you cannot connect the lines to the existing system the problem may be that you are actually creating the new items on the wrong electrical layer Check that the active layer is the same as for the nodes you are trying to connect to Layer Visibility You can adjust the proper
43. machines consume reactive power like most loads whether they are used as motors or generators By carefully settings the parameters of generators in DESS you can also represent a range of non standard generators such as wind turbines photovoltaic and other inverter based generation technologies Creating in DESS You create motor generator elements from the Node Dialog This will bring up the Motor Generator Element Dialog described in the Reference Guide They cannot be combined with any other type of element 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 49 3 4 5 3 4 6 Power Transformer Element Power transformer elements represent transformers that connect a low and a high voltage network two different electrical layers in DESS If you don t need to explicitly represent the details of the secondary side of the transformer use a distribution transformer element instead A power transformer element typically represents a substation transformer Power transformers are modeled in detail including impedances grounding no load losses and the capability to model on load voltage regulating tap changers You can model both two winding transformers e g 110kV 13 8kV and three winding transformers e g 3 terminals such as 110kV 66kV 66kV using this type of element Power transformers are used to connect layers in DESS so there is connectivity from one voltage to another Creating in DESS Power transf
44. node The node is selected when you do this 2008 Dromey Design Inc 120 DESS v6 User s Guide Find by ID Find by Name All Nodes Please select a node from the list Name 2 0031 2 0033 30001 3 0002 A list of each node in the currently opened system Hint Rather than scrolling through the entire list you can press a number and the list will scroll to the next time that number appears as the first digit So for example if you want a node with ID 856 press 8 until the 800 s appear and then simply scroll within the screen until you find the node you are looking for This only works with node ID 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 121 4 20 Creating Reference Data We suggest that you read about Reference Data in Users Guide before editing any reference data items Reference Data is modified edited and managed through the docking window on the left of the map view In the docking window reference data is managed in the Reference tab When you first open the reference tab you are presented with a series of expandable item types In a brand new system you will have no reference data and there are two different ways to get some You can make it yourself or you can copy it from another system Importing your reference data is covered in Import and Change References Creating Reference Data In the docking window ther
45. not give the expected results Also this command will not work on a circuit if there is no connectivity at the point where you start the trace If you have no connectivity you can still use the Network Trace command Trace Down 2008 Dromey Design Inc 136 DESS v6 User s Guide This traces downstream i e away from the supply from the currently selected node or line All nodes and lines on the same electrical layer and which are supplied by the start point will be selected You can use the Custom Trace command for more complicated queries This command also appears on the Toolbar Note that if you have a networked system with closed loops in the circuit the nature of up and downstream are no longer unique and a downstream trace may not give the expected results Also this command will not work on a circuit if there is no connectivity at the point where you start the trace If you have no connectivity you can still use the Network Trace command Custom Trace This command opens the Custom Trace Dialog which lets you trace according to the system connectivity either upstream downstream across layers or even between a set of selected nodes You will need to first select one or more nodes in order to use this command You can also use this command to trace individual phases which can be useful for diagnosing connectivity errors This command also appears on the Toolbar Note that if you have a networked
46. recommended you make extra backup copies of your data before performing this type of task Move Between Layers items to move 1 Nodes 0 Lines Current layer of items 2 4 16kV Orphan Selected Lines 0 Orphan Unselected Lines 3 Orphan lines are those which will no longer have both end nodes on the same layer after all the nodes have been moved to a new layer The number listed includes nomal lines in addition to power transformers New layer 3 13 8kV Please note that you cannot Undo this operation This is an easy tool to use Simply select the electrical layer you wish to move the selected items to The number of nodes and lines to move are listed at the very top of the tool as well as the total number of items which is being moved Underneath this is the current electrical layer of the selected nodes and lines You will never have more than one layer selected at a given time because only one layer can be active at a time Another set of statistics which are included are orphaned lines As the dialog explains orphan lines are those which will no longer have both end nodes on the same layer after all the nodes have been moved to a new layer The number listed includes normal lines in addition to power transformers If you go ahead and click OK to move the items between layers the orphaned lines will be irreversibly deleted from the system 2008 Dromey Design Inc 102 DESS v6 User s Gu
47. required information 2008 Dromey Design Inc 60 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 7 Analysis DESS provides a series of different types of analysis which can be used to help you plan and operate your system The following Analyses can be run on your system and belong to the modules listed each module is available separately from Dromey Design Basic DESS Editor e Protection Coordination Load Flow Module e Load Flow e Motor Starting e Annual Load Flow e Load Loss e SCADA Load Flow Feeder Analysis Module e Capacitor Optimization e Phase Balancing Optimization Module e Open Point Optimization Short Circuit Module e General Short Circuit e Specific Short Circuit 3 7 1 Protection Coordination The protection coordination function of DESS is included as part of the basic package and allows you to show coordination time current curves for devices in the system It lets you 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 61 3 7 2 visually compare curves for protective devices and to measure the time difference between them First select a node and then click on the Analysis gt Protection Coordination command A time current graph will be displayed showing all upstream protective devices and their respective protective response See information on Protection Element and Protection Reference Data for information on how to create protective devices in your model To import protection
48. shown in gray are dependencies of other items and cannot be removed without first removing the parent item For example some load categories define curves for different seasons so these season items are dependencies of that category List of Items to Import This list shows all items currently selected to be imported into the current system OK Click OK to accept the selections and import the data Due to the nature of the changes this operation cannot be reversed using Undo Note that if you import an item which is identical to an item already in your current system then a duplicate will be created with the same name and data but with a new ID 5 4 3 5Edit SCADA Measurement Description This dialog is used to enter and edit measurement data which is used for the SCADA load flow analysis This consists of an XML file which contains a set of coincident SCADA measurement values You can create an manage multiple XML files which represent measurements taken under different situations For example you could create different sets of data for measurements taken at different times or different sets for different system configurations Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 214 DESS v6 User s Guide Edit SCADA Measurement Data Edit SCADA measurement data for use with the SCADA Load Flow analysis Data File C DESS v61 DESS Display DESS Display doc xml Measurement Data Node 288 3 0043 1257 Asyn
49. the current tool to the Select tool Select This tool is used for manually selecting nodes and lines on the map If you hold down the CTRL key you can add individual items to the currently selected h items If you hold down the SHIFT key you can remove individual items from what is currently selected If you click on an empty part of the map you can deselect any selected items Rectangle Select This tool lets you select a group of nodes and lines in a given C rectangle Click on one corner of the rectangle and drag out the area in which you want to select items You can only select nodes and lines on the active layer Only lines which are completely within the rectangle will be selected 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 145 Polygon Select This lets you select a group of nodes and lines in an arbitrary polygon shape Click on the points that define the area you want to select items in Cl then double click to close the polygon and select the items You can only select nodes and lines on the active layer Only lines which are completely within the polygon will be selected New Node This tool lets you create new nodes on the active layer If you click on the location where you want the new node the Node Dialog will appear so you can enter the node properties If you click directly on top of an existing line you will be prompted whether you wish to insert the new node into the existing line If you
50. the short circuit analysis Creating in DESS You create source elements from the Node Dialog This will bring up the Source Element Dialog described in the Reference Guide Source elements cannot be combined with any other types of element on a node You may also want to see Converting Source Impedances directly following this article 3 4 9 1Converting Source Impedances Source impedances can be stated in many different ways but DESS requires that the values be input as p u on 100 MVA base You can use the following calculations to convert the values you have A number of common conversions are described below Note that when you are calculating an impedance from a fault current or a fault MVA you can only compute a total impedance value You do not have enough information to determine the X R ratio for the impedance For this reason it is preferable if the actual R and X values for the source impedances can be obtained Converting from a Different MVA Base You can convert impedances from one base to another using the ratio of the MVA bases Ss base Z pu ge z base Example You have an impedance of 025 p u on a 10 MVA base Solution Z 025 100 10 25 p u on 100 MVA base 2008 Dromey Design Inc 52 DESS v6 User s Guide Converting from Ohms You can convert from units of Ohms to per unit as follows 2 r Z 3 ph pu base A MEA Example You have an impedance
51. then push the Search button 6 To 78 Description 1191 Ed ID 1192 Ed ID 1193 Ed ID 1194 Ed ID 1195 Ed ID 1196 Ed ID 1197 Ed ID 1100 E IN Controls Find a single node ID Find a range of node IDs Choose whether to search for a single node ID or a group of nodes with IDs in a given range Finding IDs in a range can be helpful if you want to find nodes created at the same time Node ID The ID of the node to find If you are searching for a range of IDs you will enter the beginning and end ID of the range Search When you click this button all nodes with the matching ID will be shown in the list 2008 Dromey Design Inc 244 DESS v6 User s Guide List A list of nodes found To select the desired node on the map either select the row in the list and click OK or double click on the item in the list Find By Name Find by ID Find by Name All Nodes Enter all or part of the node s name and or description and then push the Search button Name 3 0013 Description Description 1203 Et ID Controls Name Part of the name you want to find or blank if the name can be anything When you click the search button all nodes containing the specified text somewhere in their names will be listed Description Part of the description you want to find or blank if the description can be anythi
52. third parties There is often an additional cost for these tools Some examples of other systems which have been used to populate DESS models includes GIS systems from ESRI Intergraph and CableCAD and data from AutoCAD and Bentley CAD systems Please contact Dromey Design if you have data you would like to transfer to DESS Our contact information can be found under DESS amp Dromey Design gt About Dromey Design Inc in the help system Creating A Completely New System Creating a new system is quite easy Actually populating all of the nodes and lines in a system by manual editing is typically quite painstaking and awkward especially for large systems Nevertheless this section will walk you through the steps required to create a system from scratch in order to give you a better understanding of the data requirements and dependencies in DESS To create a new system simply select File gt New System Once you have done this a dialog will appear called System Properties This dialog shown below allows you to set the labels for different phases and the units of measurement to use for x and y coordinates on your system These coordinates do not represent the preferred unit for 2008 Dromey Design Inc 14 DESS v6 User s Guide entering line lengths but instead represent the actual units used for map coordinates The choice of coordinate is usually dictated by the units used in any street or background maps being use
53. to all transformer impedances This option only applies to numerical properties Value Where this property is being modified this input holds either the new value the multiple or the addition value This input does not appear for queries Custom Query Dialog 5 4 5 10 Description This dialog is used to select nodes or lines on the map according to the characteristics of the nodes or lines or th elements on the nodes This is a very powerful tool for selection and lets you identify specific types of system data that you may be interested in It is accessed from the Query menu Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 251 Select From Complete System Active Layer Currently Selected Items V Add to currently selected items Properties To Match Node ID Phasing Open Phasing Controls Select Choose whether you want to select nodes or lines Select From You can select items from either the entire system the currently active layer as shown on the toolbar or items which are already selected on the map The last option lets you combine selections For example you could use a downstream trace to select a feeder and then use this tool to select all nodes containing a particular type of transformer on that feeder Properties To Match This tree view is the heart of the custom selection ability Starting with a node object or line you add co
54. to specify You do this by right clicking on the tree item This will bring up a menu listing properties of the specified object Click on a menu item to add that condition by setting the property in the Edit Property Dialog Add amp Delete amp Edit The add button brings up the pop up menu as shown same as right clicking on an item in the tree The Edit and Delete buttons let you edit or delete an existing selected item Properties for the item are shown in the Edit Property Dialog Label Text This contains the rules for the appearance of a particular label Left List Box This box contains the list of all possible labels to add to a particular style There is no restriction to how many of these you can add Note that New Line is not an actual label but is used for formatting Right List Box This box contains all of the labels that are currently added to the currently selected style Sample This shows an example of how all of the labels will appear on the map view This uses the titles of each label as opposed to sample text however Left and Right Arrows These arrows direct the addition and removal of labels left arrow removes the label selected on the right while the right arrow adds the label selected on the left 2008 Dromey Design Inc Index 267 Index DAF 41 GHP 41 TAB 41 A About 142 Active Layer 97 143 Add Power Transformer 133 Analysis 60 Annual Load Flow 62 Appearance 37 106 110
55. transformer secondary You can aggregate all loads from the secondary e g all residential customers attached to a single distribution transformer to a single load element This lets you model load and transformer operation without explicitly having to create another low voltage electrical layer and populate data for the low voltage part of the system In some cases you may want to model the secondary network This is beneficial when the secondary network is extensive or interconnected e g for European designs of systems or for city center meshed networks To do this you will need to create an extra electrical layer for the secondary voltage and use power transformer elements instead of distribution transformer elements Instead of aggregating all secondary loads at the transformer you can now model the actual loads spread throughout the secondary network System Data Storage When you save a DESS system to a file it is stored in XML usually with a dss xml extension XML is an open structured text format that uses tags much like HTML to identify the meaning of the data Because the data is in a text format and is more or less human readable it is possible to open an XML file in Internet Explorer or Notepad and see the data The structure and tags used to define the XML data is specific to DESS However XML data can be easily read by software and can be converted to other structures This makes it easier to exchange DESS data with ot
56. true for the Line section All of the currently selected lines will be displayed underneath the lines heading By double clicking on any one of them the screen will center on that line Note that the sidebar will not refresh until the green refresh button if the top left is clicked so you can keep a selection of node ID s in the sidebar An equally important function of the select docking window is its ability to copy its currently selected list to the clipboard as simple text From this you can save it allowing you to save your selections for future reference 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 5 4 Dialogs The following sections describe specific details of dialogs in DESS Element Dialogs These are dialogs which appear when creating or editing the properties of elements Capacitor Dialog Distribution Transformer Dialog Load Element Dialog Motor Generator Dialog Power Transformer Dialog Protection Dialog Reactor Dialog Regulator Dialog Source Dialog Switch Dialog 151 Reference Data Dialogs These dialogs appear when editing the reference data in the reference data docking window e Conductor Dialog e Transformer Reference Dialog e Week Type Dialog e Season Dialog e Load Component Dialog e Load Category Dialog e Protection Type Dialog Tool Dialogs These dialogs are accessed in the tools menu e Move Between Layers Dialog Change Phasing Dialog Change References Dialog
57. use the right arrow to move them to the list to be imported You cannot undo this action after clicking OK E Extemal System E Transformer Reference 4 Conductor Reference H Season B Week 1 Week 2 Weekday 3 Weekend E Load Component E Load Category 4 Protection Reference E Node Styles Line Styles B Items to Import Transformer Reference Conductor Reference Season H Week Load Component Load Category Protection Reference Node Styles Line Styles Controls List of External System Data This tree view contains a list of all reference data items and styles contained in the 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 213 specified external DESS system All items are organized according to type It is possible that some of these items will duplicate items already in your current system so you will want to be discriminating in which items you choose to import unless your current system is completely empty Right Arrow Button Select an item in the list on the left and click this button to add it to the list of items to import You can select either an individual item or a whole class of items Another way to move items to the list of Items to Import right is to double click on items in the External System list left Left Arrow Button Select an item on the list on the right and click this button to remove the item from the list of things to import Items
58. which was powerful enough to solve real problems but easy enough that users wouldn t need weeks of training in order to get productive with it Overall we feel we ve come very close to that goal We hope you enjoy using DESS and that you truly find it useful We re always open to suggestions to make our software better so we welcome any feedback you might have either on the software itself or on this documentation Thanks for using DESS lan Dromey President Dromey Design Feburary 2007 2008 Dromey Design Inc Part Introduction DESS v6 User s Guide Introduction Af Welcome to the DESS Help System This help system is designed to help you understand the basics of using DESS This manual contains 6 different sections each of which contains a particular type of information The Introduction This section This section contains information about how to get started in DESS and an overview of the program We strongly suggest that if you have not used DESS before you read through the two articles in this section first The Big Picture and Getting Started DESS and Dromey Design This contains information on DESS 6 its new features as well as registration directions and contact information for Dromey Design Quick Reference This section describes important terms and definitions in DESS and describes the DESS interface User s Guide This describes the basic concepts behind DESS so y
59. year When load categories are set to be scaled according to temperature the scaling factor is computed based on the difference between the ambient temperature and this temperature Day temperatures are in effect from 10AM to 9PM 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 187 5 4 2 5Load Component Reference Data Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing load component reference data items which form part of the data for load modeling It is accessed from the Load Components section of the Reference docking window Load components are used in the Load Component Data Dialog which is part of the Load Category Dialog Appearance K Component Data ID Description PV Factor Motor Factor 0 QV Factor Reenergization Factor 0 Power Factor Load Curve Drag bar tops to edit curve data 0 0 012 3 45 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hour 0 2 Vale 0 Controls ID Unique ID of the reference data item Automatically assigned Description User description of the load component 2008 Dromey Design Inc 188 DESS v6 User s Guide PV Factor The relationship between voltage and real power for this type of load The actual power produced is the nominal power times the p u voltage raised to this factor P DANI A value of 0 means that the power is independent of voltage constant power A value of 1 means power is proportiona
60. you may need to do further scaling of load values You can use the Load Scaling tool to do this This tool can be successfully used in conjunction with the Import Load Dialog for situations where imported data has omissions First use the Import Load Dialog to import kWh data where known If there are still transformers that have no load assigned use this tool to create default loads for these situations It s helpful to use a new load category e g Unknown Category for these cases so they can be scaled independently using the Load Scaling dialog Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 226 DESS v6 User s Guide Create New Transformer Loads Nodes Currently Selected 1 Nodes with distribution transformers 1 Nodes with transformers but no loads 0 Existing Loads 1 loads on 1 nodes E Delete these existing loads Create new loads on All Selected Transformers Selected Transformers Without Loads New load elements will be created with the following characteristics based on transfromer size Load phasing will be based on transformer phasing Use the Load Scaling tool to adjust the new loads New Load Parameters Load Category 14 Commercial si Initial Load 80 of transformer size Create load sets 1 Year for seasons 3 Summer E 4 Fall E 5 Winter Controls Statistics The top section describes how many nodes
61. you want from the set provided by the font Size The size of the font in points Color The color of the font You can only use single color symbols in DESS Sample Style This box shows the currently selected style as it will appear on the map in DESS Line Style Dialog 5 4 5 15 Description This dialog lets you specify the appearance of lines in the default theme the appearance when no results or other custom themes are being displayed Using the dialog you can set a series of rules defining the characteristics of a particular type of line and the associated appearance It is accessed from the Themes menu Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 262 DESS v6 User s Guide Edit Line Styles and Rules Line Style Rules Evaluated in order DessLine DessNode DessLayer Voltage 600 DessLine PhLine Value ABC UserConductor lsOverhee DessLine PhLineValue ABC DessLine UserConductor lsOverhead True DessLine Im r Down Add Copy Delete L o JL Gei II Controls Line Style Rules The currently defined set of line rules The details of the rule characteristics is shown at right in the Properties Tree Up Down Use the Up and Down buttons to change the order of the rules When a theme is evaluated for a specific line the first matching rule will be selected and all others will be ignored For this reason more specific rules e g 27KV Single Phase Und
62. 0 XOto X1 Ratio 1 General Parameters Tab Controls Some of the settings in this dialog only apply to 3 winding transformers The term 3 winding transformer used below refers to a transformer with one HV primary winding and two secondary windings which are both connected to LV systems ID 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 163 This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the transformer element Node This is the HV node that the power transformer is attached to Phasing The phasing of the transformer Winding Connection The type of connection between the windings Wye Wye Wye Delta 30 The most common type of YD Wye Delta 30 Delta Delta Delta Wye 30 The most common type of DY Delta Wye 30 Wye delta Wye Primary Y Secondary Y with a D winding between them to reduce fault currents extra impedance information e Autotransformer Single winding transformer Autotransformer with Delta Tertiary extra impedance information Single Phase Nominal Size The rated kVA of the transformer Per Unit impedances are based on this rating Forced Cooling Check this option for transformers which use forced cooling mixtures of pumps fans etc to allow the transformer to carry a load greater than the Nominal Size Maximum Size This is the maximum rated kVA of the transformer with all forced cooling This is the size which is used to det
63. 0 amps Real data might indicate that the flow is actually 175 amps The SCADA load flow uses the measured values to scale all the loads on the feeder until the resulting load flow results match the measured data 175 amps The results of a SCADA load flow include all the normal results for a load flow plus a report of the size of the scaling factors used to modify the loads in DESS When running the analysis you can set a threshold value for load scaling If a larger scaling factor is required than this threshold value then the measured data is ignored and only the standard DESS load data is used This can help you identify unrealistic data either load data or measurement data The Tools gt SCADA Measurement Data dialog is used to enter or edit data for this analysis SCADA Data 2008 Dromey Design Inc 64 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 7 7 Data for use in this analysis can be obtained as an export from a SCADA system and is typically available for substation feeders and sometimes from automated switches throughout the system The SCADA load flow can use all of this information even where measurements are cascaded i e one measurement area includes another measurement area or when measurement data is available in mixed units e g Amps kW and kVAr kVA Configuration As with any analysis where you are comparing real and modeled data it is important to ensure that the system configuration used in DESS when
64. 09 5 4 3 3 Change References Dialog 210 5 4 3 4 Import References Dialog 212 5 4 3 5 Edit SCADA Measurement cc eeeeecceeeeeceeeeeceeeeeeseeeeaeeeesaeesaeseeeaeseaeeeeesaeeeaeseneseeeeaeeeneaee 213 5 4 3 6 Load Scaling H AIET e WEE 216 K437 Import Load RRE oes aust ener ae aaa einen 222 54 3 8 Create Loads Dialogiiscoc2sss2is nese Add EES 225 5 4 3 9 Options Dialog 227 5 4 4 AnalySiS Dialogs ccccscesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeneeeeeeeeeeeensennennaneeeeseeeeeneeeeens vues 229 5 4 4 1 Protection Coordination Dialog 229 5 4 5 0ther Dialogs geegent deed e E 231 5 4 5 1 System Properties Dialog kA 232 5 4 5 2 Electrical Layer Properties Dialog 235 5 4 5 3 Background Layer Properties Dialog 236 54 5 4 Node Re WEE 238 By A LING Dial OG DEE 239 5 4 5 6 Save Result IT e DEE 241 5 4 5 7 Find Node Dialog 242 5 4 5 8 Custom Trace Dialog w 246 5 4 5 9 Query Property Dialog 247 2008 Dromey Design Inc V Vi DESS v6 User s Guide Index 545 10 Custom Query Dialoga hii aar E EERSTEN di eia ia 250 Edit Property Dialog icici iii Mae ini a EA A a A AA i 253 5 4 5 11 Show Loops Dialog 255 5 4 5 12 Set View Dialog 256 5 4 5 13 Save Map Dialog 257 5 4 5 14 Node Style Dialog 259 LS WAtalvNERRIET e WEE 261 5 45 16 Label Style Dialog scant d eeE ee a eet 263 267 2008 Dromey Design Inc Foreword Foreword When we started working on version 6 of DESS we wanted to create software
65. 1 637 86 4818 1 28 97 5079 0 9722 108 954 0 7587 oas w 100 1000 Current amps Controls Point List This list shows the time current points that define the curve displayed in the graph You can edit these points directly in the list You can also cut and paste items directly into the list Use the Format Data button to format data as shown above such that each point is on its own line with the current and time separated by a comma To cut and paste data into the list it is only necessary to have a list of points arranged in order of current1 time1 current2 time2 etc The values can be separated by either commas or white space space tab new line You will find that you can cut and paste data directly from spreadsheets arranged with a column of current values followed by a column of time values For example if you had a text file containing the following values curr1 time1 curr2 time2 curr3 time3 curr4 time4 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 203 if you paste it into the list and click the Format Data button it would appear as curr time1 curr2 time2 curr3 times curr4 time4 Graph Shows the graph defined by the points in the list As the data changes the curve will automatically be updated Digitized Relay Element Data Dialog Description This dialog lets you edit a relay curve element defined by a set of individual digitized time current curves It is cal
66. 183 The short circuit impedance between the primary and secondary windings in p u on transformer size High Tertiary Impedance The impedance between the high voltage and tertiary windings This only applies to transformers with an intermediate tertiary winding YDY or Autotransformer w D tertiary Low Tertiary Impedance The impedance between the low voltage and tertiary windings This only applies to transformers with an intermediate tertiary winding YDY or Autotransformer w D tertiary HV Neutral Grounded Check this box if the HV winding is grounded Typically Y windings attached to a 4 wire system are generally grounded Delta windings are not usually grounded although they can be using a zig zag grounding transformer HV Neutral Impedance Impedance of the HV winding grounding Zero if solidly grounded LV Neutral Grounded Check this box if the LV winding is grounded Typically Y windings attached to a 4 wire system are generally grounded Delta windings are not usually grounded although they can be using a zig zag grounding transformer LV Neutral Impedance Impedance of the LV winding grounding Zero if solidly grounded Find Transformer Dialog Description This dialog is used to help select a particular distribution transformer type It is called from the Distribution Element Dialog and from some of the utilities Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 184 DESS v6 User s Guide
67. 50 kVA Delta Wye 13i 26 INN LV Nols Whe 1 ox cme lm The Change References dialog allows you to change a large number of references at once saving a lot of time Once this dialog appears you can start to change reference data First select the type of reference data to be changed After you do this a list of the reference data being used by the current system will appear Select the item to change and select its replacement from the large list of reference data on the right Repeat this process for all of the reference data which you want to change and then select OK to make the change Warning You cannot Undo a change in reference data However if you use the Selected tab on the docking window you can remember which nodes and lines were changed and if you want to you can change them back through this 2008 Dromey Design Inc 126 DESS v6 User s Guide 4 22 Checking Your System For Errors When editing your system you will occasionally use tools in such a way that errors are created in your system An error in DESS is anything which puts the system data in an inconsistent state or any data items that contains questionable values If you want examples try making errors There are three different levels of an error Info This refers to a piece of information which may not be an error but which the user should be aware of The problem is unlikely to cause a
68. 8 Dromey Design Inc 172 DESS v6 User s Guide The nominal rating of the reactor Used for calculating impedance Positive Sequence Impedance The positive sequence impedance of the series reactor in p u on rated kVA The negative sequence impedance is equal to this Zero Sequence Impedance The zero sequence impedance of the reactor This value can allow you to use the reactor as an arbitrary unbalanced impedance on the system In most cases this value should be the same as the positive sequence impedance 5 4 1 8Regulator Element Dialog Description This dialog is used for entering data for a regulator element It is accessed from the Node Dialog by adding a regulator element or double clicking on an already created regulator element Appearance Z Regulator Data _ ID 0 Node 104 Paper Recycler Rating 250 kVA Tap Settings p u Tap Position Sequence Impedances pu on kVA R X Positive 0 Maximum Tap Position Minumum Tap Position Zero 0 Tap Step Size E Automatic Reaulation E Line Drop Compensation 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 173 Controls ID This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the regulator element Node This is the ID number of the node that the regulator element is attached to Phasing Element phasing The phasing should be consistent with the phasing of the lines supplying the parent node Rat
69. A AEA 41 2008 Dromey Design Inc l DESS v6 User s Guide 3 3 2 Background Layers cisicc8 ci ccied d e EEN 41 B 3 SMACUIVE UE iecee eri Sates fedheataccs dbfatsncs A teuatccesstoctecesesnadee ce euceede 42 3 3 4 Layer Visibility ee EES ia aaa 44 K WE En 1 e E A A E E A 45 3 4 1 Capacitor Element sisirin aani iaio naana inapi ii nani deuai ieu Dada ainean 46 3 4 2 Distribution Transformer Element s sssesesesesseeeeeeeeeeeeneneeeneneneees 47 34 3 Load Element EE 47 3 4 4 Motor Generator Element ccscessesseeeceeeeeensennssaneeseeeeeesansneaceeseeseeeensnneees 48 3 4 5 Power Transformer Element c c csesssssssssssssssseseseseseeessseeeeeeeeeneneneneneneees 49 34 6 Protection Elements 220evvgge geet bicker Sneek ei ete nh Eer 49 3 4 7 Reactor Element 2ses7ger haha ethane ee eed ee ass 50 3 4 8 Regulator Element cccceseeeceeseseeeeesesseeeeeeesneeeeseesneeeeessneeesesssneeseseesneesesesnees 50 3 4 9 Source Element a e raa Ee ee ati reel eden 50 3 4 9 1 Converting Source Impedances 51 3 4 10 Switch Element lt siti sc jis ee aaa ied hate ES cineca 53 3 5 Reference Data E 55 3 5 1 Conductor Reference Datta ccsssessceeeeeeeeensennsnaneeseeeseesnnsnescaeseeseeeensnneees 55 3 5 2 Transformer Reference Data s sssssssssssssssssesesesesesesseseseeeseeeeneneneneneeeees 56 3 5 3 Week Type Reference Data ccsseccceceeeeee
70. B 81 4 4 Creating RR E 85 4 5 Creating a TR 86 4 6 Deleting Nodes and Lines cccccccsssseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 88 4 7 Moving KH e LE 89 4 8 Editing Node and Line Properties ccccccessseeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeees 91 4 9 Creating and Modifying Elements een 93 4 10 Creating and Deleting Layers cccssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 95 4 11 Using Layer En TE 97 4 12 Moving Items Between Layers cccsssteeeeeeeeeeseeeseneeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 101 4 13 Connecting Layers icici iinniinincnnininindncaninnenieninen 103 4 14 Undo and Redo sa siss satceaas caaedeccadandascasaeaadsaaanasiguaaedeicagaeasiguaadelgagaededan 105 4 15 Using Tooltips Labels and the Legend ssssseeessseeeeees 106 4 16 Editing Themes and Styles ccccccsesssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 110 4 17 Moving the Docking Window een 114 4 18 Changing Switches sseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 116 4 19 Finding Nodes isiececinntaredscavendaesnncutsanteestnaatoeedewuts tateetmnutenutenstvasteente 117 4 20 Creating Reference Data EE EEn 121 4 21 Modifying References cccccceesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 123 2008 Dromey Design Inc III IV DESS v6 User s Guide 4 22 Checking Your System For Errors ecceceeeeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 126 Part V Reference Guide 5 1 MONS isasssaassasssasascas
71. Canada Contents l Table of Contents Foreword 1 Part Introduction 1 1 DESEN 5 1 2 Why USE DESS Zainea nanao danan edadea naaar aaa daanan aaraa nasade aaan adana aaaea 6 1 3 The E gl ssccascsuaveewetevevawecsveuswevevevawecsveuswetevevawecsveuewetevevewesveunteueve 8 1 4 Registering DESS issisccacensendensendensendensendensenienseninsenionsens 12 1 5 Getting Started KE 13 1 6 What s New in DESS 6 cccsssseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 17 1 7 About Dromey Design INC ssssssssssssnnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn 19 Part Il Quick Reference 2 1 Concepts and Definitions cccccccesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 23 2 2 Window Components ccceceeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 27 Part Ill User s Guide KW EN 31 3 1 1 System Basics raad i aaora aa raae aeaa raaa a aeaa aoa aa e aandaa endai renidi dai adunar 31 3 1 2 Where to Start HV Modeling sccsssecceseeseeeseseeeeeeeeeseeeseneeeeeseeeesseaeeeseeeeneas 31 3 1 3 Where to Stop LV Modeling ccssccceeceeseeeseseeeeeeseeeseeeseeseeeeeeneesneaeenseeeeeeas 32 3 1 4 System Data Storage ccscccccecessseeesseeeeneeeeseeeseseeeeeeseeessaeseeseaeeeeneesseaeenseaeeeeas 32 3 2 Nod s ANG LIMOS eer Zeeche eege esche eege eege Eechen 34 Sal Mode eege ee 34 e NET 35 KE We TE 36 3 2 4 APPOarance ee ENEE 37 KE 41 3 3 1 Electrical Layers oana aE AEE ENERE NET
72. Controls Phasing Labels The phasing labels determine how the 3 different phases in a 3 phase system are displayed throughout DESS For example many utilities call the phases rwb for red white blue or ryb for red yellow blue Map coordinates The map coordinate determines how to interpret map coordinates used in DESS electrical layers and in background maps Most coordinate systems use either latitude longitude or a normalized X Y grid using either Meters Feet or Yards are units For example if your maps use UTM NAD 27 Universal Transverse Mercator North American Datum 1927 then you are using a normalized X Y grid measured in meters The map coordinate is not used to set the display unit for distances in DESS It is only used to interpret the data 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 235 Statistics The statistics pane of the System Properties show the number of items of each type in the electrical system It includes all electrical layers The Physical Size displays the maximum extent of the electrical layers not the background layers 5 4 5 2Electrical Layer Properties Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing electrical layer properties To access this dialog open the layer docking window and double click on the layer you want to modify or right click on the layer you want and click Edit Layer Properties Appearance Vl Electrical Layer Data ID Layer Type Three Wir
73. Load 9 PF Winter 0 kWh Connected Lines ID Other Node Conductor Phasing Length 421 19 3 0015 1 0 Al 8320V 3ph rwb 49 723 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 239 Controls ID The unique ID of the node Automatically assigned Layer The electrical layer this node is attached to New nodes are automatically created on the active layer Name A primary description of this node This field is often used to identify the node from the element data it contains e g TX456 if it contains a distribution transformer with this name or S81 if it contained a switch with this designation Description Secondary descriptive information about the node Common uses for this include a street address or an external description of data this node was imported from e g GIS point ID Attached Elements This list shows which elements are attached to this node Double click on an item to edit it Add Add a new element Clicking this button brings up a menu showing all elements Elements which cannot be added to this node because other conflicting types of element already exist on the node are grayed out Edit Edits the element data for the currently selected element Delete Deletes the currently selected element Connected Lines Shows the lines attached to this node This information can be helpful for diagnosing problems with phasing where the connectivity may not be w
74. Orphan Selected Lines 0 Orphan Unselected Lines 3 Orphan lines are those which will no longer have both end nodes on the same layer after all the nodes have been moved to a new layer The number listed includes nomal lines in addition to power transformers New layer 3 13 8kV Please note that you cannot Undo this operation ok Cancel Controls Items to move This shows the number of currently selected nodes and lines which will be moved to a new electrical layer Current layer of items This shows the current electrical layer s of the selected nodes and lines Orphan Selected Lines This shows the number of selected lines which will be deleted by this operation If a selected line has an end node which is not part of the selection it cannot be moved and will be deleted Orphan Unselected Lines This shows the number of non selected lines which will be deleted by this operation If an unselected line has an end node which is part of the selection it will be deleted in order to prevent problems with connectivity New layer Select the layer you want to move the group of nodes and lines to OK 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 209 Click OK to perform the move operation This process cannot be reversed with the Undo command 5 4 3 2Change Phasing Dialog Description This tool lets you change the phasing on a set of nodes and lines Select the nodes and lines you wa
75. Reactor Element Dialog c c cccccsissscesssesesieessesesstessecedsccesssersatentbecersteduseuontesosstuonsenesnenes 171 5 4 1 8 Regulator Element Dialog ccccccsescsccssccsssssssssesssccosssessseseecensnsenssscnsetecsaeeeseesenseseneeseneensctenes 172 5 4 1 9 Source Element Dialogi cin Aes Ai a ane vies ais A Meenas 174 5 4 1 10 Switch Element Dialog 176 5 4 2 Reference Data Dialogs 2 2 cccccesseseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeseneeeeeeeeseeeeneeneees 177 2008 Dromey Design Inc Contents v 5 4 amp 2 1 Cond ctor Data Eloge a LAA AR 177 Find Conductor Dialogs ssia a ann ea Ae en Is 179 5 4 2 2 Transformer Reference Data Dialog 180 Find Transformer Dialog 183 5 4 2 3 Week Type Reference Data Dialog 184 5 4 2 4 Season Type Reference Data Dialog 185 5 4 2 5 Load Component Reference Data Dialog 187 5 4 2 6 Load Category Reference Data Dialog 189 Load Curve Data Dialog 191 Load Component Data Dialog 193 Characteristic Info Dialog iis irinin nce dentiois aes Wectiie ape aain 195 5 4 2 7 Protection Type Reference Data Dialog 198 Time Current Curve Points Dialog 201 Digitized Relay Element Data Dialog 203 Equation Based Relay Element Data Dialog 205 E TOOM UE EE 207 5 4 3 1 Move Between Layers Dialog csssccssssssssesssccesesesseetesceesseensssensessesssenseesonseconeetensensetenes 207 5 4 3 2 Change Phasing Dialog ac A ies Aches Sege ENEE SE indent 2
76. Recloser Device Curve Elements IAC Extreme Inve IAC Very Inverse IAC Inverse IAC Short Inverse Instantaneous Loos ou Current amps multiple L o II Ge Il me Controls ID Unique ID of the reference data item Automatically assigned Description User description of the type of protective device Fuse Recloser Relay Choose the type of device to model A fuse lets you model a single curve with melt and clear curves When you create a new fuse you only have to option to override the current scaling A relay or recloser lets you model a number of curve elements each of which can contain 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 201 a set of curves or an equation defining a set of curves such that the curve element response to time dial setting can be modeled When you create a protection element defined as a relay you can pick which of the curve elements e g inverse instantaneous to use and can set time dial CT ratio and tap setting Melt Curve For fuses this brings up the Time Current Curve Points Dialog so you can enter the fuse melt curve This is the lower curve defined for fuses which represents the time current for which the fuse will start to melt Clear Curve For fuses this brings up the Time Current Curve Points Dialog so you can enter the fuse clear curve This is the upper curve for fuses which represents the time current for which the fuse fi
77. Tooltips Labels and the Legend 15 Editing Themes and Styles 16 Moving the Docking Window 17 Tracing 18 Changing Switches 19 Finding Nodes 20 Editing Reference Data 21 Modifying References 22 Checking Your System For Errors 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 73 4 1 Zooming and Panning There are two primary tools which are used to change the map view The first is Zooming and the second is Panning At any time you can fit the entire system back into your map view by going to View gt View All Zooming You can zoom in or out by either using a scroll wheel on your mouse or by using the magnifying glass icons on the toolbar Q EL When you Zoom In the system will expand centered on where your mouse pointer is This is useful if you wish to look with more detail at a particular feature When you Zoom Out you will zoom out based on the position of your mouse pointer and the system will decrease in size Zoom In Zoom Out As you experiment with these features you will find that you can also use the zoom tools to view a different area of the map by zooming out from one area and then zooming in to another Panning Panning is the movement of the entire system in a particular direction If you select the pan tool on the toolbar you can then click hold and drag the map around If you drag the mouse to the right the entire map view will move right When you release the mouse button the map will re
78. You must enter data that exactly covers an entire year Use the add button to add data for a new period and use the delete button to delete the currently selected data You can edit a set of data by clicking on the period of the year containing the data to modify or selecting the period from the list and clicking the edit button Curve data and the period for each curve is edited using the Load Curve Data Dialog Load Components Optional Use this control to edit sets of components that define subcomponents of the load which are applicable to different periods of the year You do not need to enter load components they can be left empty if you don t have any information for subcomponents of the load category Use the add button to add data for a new period and use the delete button to delete the currently selected data You can edit a set of data by clicking on the period of the year containing the data to modify or selecting the period from the list and clicking the edit button Load components and the period they apply for is edited using the Load Component Data Dialog Load Characteristics This control lets you define load characteristics for a given period Load characteristics include parameters like power factor load response to voltage and re energization details You must enter data that covers the entire year This can be a single item which applies for the whole year or multiple items so that different data such as power factor
79. a condition which compares the property value to the specified value in a number of ways Equal To Object property value must exactly equal the specified value Not Equal To Property value not not equal specfied value Greater Than Property value must be greater than the specified value Less Than Property value must be less than the specified value Greater Than or Equal To Property value must be greater than or equal to specified value Less Than or Equal To Property value must be less than or equal to specified value 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 255 Show Loops Dialog 5 4 5 11 Description This dialog shows you all of the loops currently in your system Using this dialog you can see exactly what loops exist and what nodes and lines the loops are composed of Appearance fF Closed Loops 2 Select an item from the list to show a aire loop the Show All Loops button to show all loops and close this form 234 2 0012 34 nodes 31 lines 254 2 0041 39 nodes 36 lines V Update map view to show selected loop s Controls Update Map View This command toggles whether or not the map view will change to show you the optimum 2008 Dromey Design Inc 256 DESS v6 User s Guide view of the selected loop If this is toggled on when you click on any loop the map view will adjust so that the loop is centered All the lines and nodes which compris
80. a node attached to exactly two lines Putting it at a node with 3 or more lines would be ambiguous and putting it on a node with one line attached i e end of a line would be meaningless Source Element A source element represents a 3 phase supply to the system modeled in DESS It is set as a constant voltage source which means that it supplies a specified voltage regardless of the load being fed from it In classical analysis it would be a called a swing bus or an infinite bus Where you create a source element depends on where you want to start modeling a system You would normally avoid modeling parts of the transmission supply system unless you have a specific requirement to do so You must have at least one source element in your system A typical distribution network 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 51 contains multiple supplies either transmission substations or feeders fed from outside the network For this reason most networks will contain more than one source Sources can be created on more than one electrical layer Source elements let you specify the voltage source impedances representing impedance of the transmission system and voltage angle of the supply You can specify both upper and lower values of source impedances which would represent the range of impedances you could encounter depending on different supply conditions on the transmission system The impedance information is used by
81. ached elements This command brings up the Node Style Dialog Line Style Rules This command helps you to set up the default theme for lines This includes the styles to use for lines depending on the properties of the lines and the properties of the conductors This command brings up the Line Style Dialog Label Style Rules This brings up a the Label Style Dialog where you can edit the settings for the display of labels Within this dialog you can edit what labels are displayed on what information is on the label and in what order the information is displayed You can also change the font size font and other factors in this dialog Show Legend This option toggles whether or not the legend will show when showing themes from results More information on Legend is available in the how to section under Using Tooltips Labels and the Legend Default Theme This will reset the entire system back to its original theme using the default styles and 2008 Dromey Design Inc 142 DESS v6 User s Guide 5 1 8 5 1 9 rules This option does nothing unless a result is open Additional items on the Themes menu will be added depending on the type of analysis and results available Reports Menu The reports menu is only active after an analysis has been run when reports are available The commands that show up on the reports menu depend on the particular analysis that has been run Each report generally app
82. ad Curves These are the 24 hour curves which show how load varies over a day You can define just a real power curve or both real and reactive power curves if you want to model variations in power factor over a day Load Components This optional data lets you specify sub components of a load For each period of interest you can specify a set of components that are active This can help to better specify certain load characteristics and lets you model a load without that component active 2008 Dromey Design Inc 58 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 5 7 Load Characteristics These items define the electrical characteristics of the load including power factor if not defined by real reactive curves mentioned above power response to voltage and re energization factors The Load Category Reference Data Dialog is available in the Reference Guide section of this help manual Protection Reference Data This type of reference data is used to model the basic characteristics of types of protective devices For fixed non settable devices such as fuses this data defines the actual device characteristics For more complex devices such as relays and reclosers the settings defined in the protection element work in combination with this reference data to define the characteristics of a specific device on the system The primary data for this element are the time current curves of the device For fuses there are two curves One f
83. ad categories for a group of selected nodes This tool is used by selecting a group of nodes and or lines using any of the selection tools and then choosing Tools gt Change References Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 211 Select the type of reference item to edit Then select the item to change from the middle and the new value from the right You can select multiple changes before clicking OK You cannot use Undo after this operation or 2 37 5kVA 1Ph 13800V Er Load Season 80 10kVA 1 Ph 4160V Pole 9 75kVA 1Ph 13800V Pole 4 15kVA 1Ph 13800V Pol Load Category 6 5kVA 1Ph 13800V Pole Protection 7 10kVA 1Ph 13800V Pol 8 25 kVA 1Ph 13800V Pol 9 75 kVA 1Ph 13800V Pol 10 100 kVA 1Ph 13800V 11 50 kVA 1Ph 13800V Pe 12 37 5 kVA 1Ph 13800V 13 75 kVA 1Ph 13800V Pi 14 100 kVA 1Ph 13800V 15 50 kVA 1Ph 27600V P 16 37 5kVA 1Ph 27600V 17 15 kVA 1Ph 27600V D 18 75 kVA 1Ph 27600V D 19 100 kVA 1Ph 27600V F 21 50kVA 1Ph 27600V P 23 75 kVA 1Ph 27600V P 24 100 kVA 1Ph 27600V 26 15 kVA Delta Wye 138 27 30 kVA Delta Wye 138 28 75 kVA Delta Wye 138 29 350 kVA Delta Wye 13 31 150 kVA Delta Wye 13 32 300 kVA Delta Wye 13 33 500 kVA Delta Wye 13 35 750 kVA Delta Wye 13 _ W 1NNNLVA Deh Abee 1 L o Il Ge Im 1 50kVA 1Ph 13800V Pol 4 Items Being Used Replacement Items Controls Refe
84. ag grounding transformer Primary Neutral Impedance Impedance of the primary winding grounding Zero if solidly grounded Secondary Grounded Check this box if the secondary winding is grounded Typically Y windings attached to a 4 wire system are generally grounded Delta windings are not usually grounded although they can be using a zig zag grounding transformer Secondary Neutral Impedance Impedance of the secondary winding grounding Zero if solidly grounded Tertiary Grounded Impedance of the tertiary winding grounding Zero if solidly grounded This only applies to 3 winding transformers Tertiary Grounding Impedance Check this box if the secondary winding is grounded Typically Y windings attached to a 4 wire system are generally grounded Delta windings are not usually grounded although they can be using a zig zag grounding transformer This setting only applies to a 3 winding transformer 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 165 Power Transformer Data Tap Settings p u V Tap on HV Winding Tap Position Minumum Tap Position Maximum Tap Position Tap Step Size Automatic Tap Changer Use Line Drop Compensation Tap Settings Tab Controls Tap on HV Winding Check this if the transformer tap is on the HV winding Uncheck if the tap is on the LV winding s You cannot directly represent a transformer w
85. al layer s properties dialog You can activate or deactivate this ability by clicking on the bottom left most checkbox in the properties dialog which is labeled as show labels This can make identifying nodes and lines significantly easier to handle Creating and editing rules for labels is handled using the commands on the main menu Theme Menu Voltage For Electrical layers only you must set the nominal voltage This is the phase phase voltage at which all nodes and lines created on this layer will be set to You can change this value later however it cause cause some problems with your system i e wrong transformer source and conductor data which would have to be fixed 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 101 4 12 Moving Items Between Layers The move between layers tool allows you to change a series of nodes and lines from one layer all to a different layer This tool is accessible from the Tools menu as Tools gt Move Between Layers In order to use this tool you must have a group of nodes and lines selected Once you have a selection access this tool from the Tools Menu A dialog will appear where you can select which electrical layer you want to move the selected nodes and lines to Note that this tool could easily cause errors in your system particularly when moving a large number of nodes or lines at once Also this operation cannot be undone This should be a significant source of caution and it is
86. aloyimper 53 205 Errors 126 L Exit 131 Label Styles F Dialog 263 Labels 106 110 Fault Analysis 66 File Menu 131 Find Conductor Dialog 179 Find Node 135 143 Dialog 242 Find Transformer Dialog 183 Finding Nodes 117 Fuse 49 Style Rules 141 Latitude 256 Layer Docking Window 146 Layer Properties 97 Layer Visibility 41 97 Layer Zoom 97 Layers 8 23 95 101 Active 42 Background 41 Connecting 103 2008 Dromey Design Inc Index 269 Layers 8 23 95 101 Maps 41 Electrical 41 Menus 131 Visibility 44 Motor 48 Legend 27 106 141 Motor Generator Dialog 159 Licensing 12 142 Motor Starting 62 Lines 8 35 86 88 91 110 Move Between Layers 101 139 207 Dialog 239 Moving Nodes and Lines 89 New Line 144 Properties 91 N Quick Reference 23 Style Rules 141 New Styles 261 System 131 Load ae Nodes 8 34 85 88 89 91 110 117 Dialog 156 Moving Nodes 144 Import 222 New Node 144 Load Category 57 Node Dialog 238 Reference Data Dialog 189 Node Styles 259 Load Category Component Data Dialog Properties 91 193 Quick Reference 23 Load Component 57 Style Rules 141 Reference Data Dialog 187 Load Curve Data Dialog 191 O Load Flow 61 Annual 62 Load Import 222 Open 143 Load Modeling 59 Open System 131 Dialog 216 Capacitor 138 Load Set Dialog 157 Capacitors 64 Longitude 256 Options 139 227 Loops 126 Overall Selection 74 Overview 8 M p Manual 5 Map 27 Page Setup 131 Map View 73 Panning 73 144
87. alysis will produce different sets of data See the details for the individual analyses for more details Save to File Save the exported data to a file You will be prompted for the file name when you click the OK button Copy to Clipboard The data will be copied to the Windows Clipboard You can then Paste the data into another application Different applications require information to be copied to the clipboard in different formats so you may have to experiment with the different formats to find which works for your specific needs All Currently Selected If the data you are saving includes is for node or line data you can choose to save a subset of the result data defined by the currently selected nodes or lines This lets you only export data for a specific area e g a feeder or subdivision These options are disabled for other types of data not nodes or lines 5 4 5 7Find Node Dialog Description This dialog help you to find a specific node or nodes on the distribution system You can find a node in four different ways as described below either by ID by Name Description 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 243 from a list from map You can access this dialog from the Query menu from the toolbar or from certain analysis dialogs Find By ID Find by ID Find by Name All Nodes Find a single node ID Find a range of node IDs Enter the ID or IDs to search for and
88. and sub dialogs 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 185 Appearance Description Week V Saturday Sunday Controls ID Unique ID of the reference data item Automatically assigned Description User description of the portion of a week Days Select which days are associated with this part of a week 5 4 2 4Season Type Reference Data Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing season type reference data items which form part of the data for load modeling It is accessed from the Season Types section of the Reference docking window This data is used in the Load Element Dialog and the Load Category Dialog and sub dialogs Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 186 DESS v6 User s Guide Description Year Months V January February March Controls ID Unique ID of the reference data item Automatically assigned Description User description of the portion of a year Months Select which months are associated with this part of a week Night Temperature The average night temperature during this time of year When load categories are set to be scaled according to temperature the scaling factor is computed based on the difference between the ambient temperature and this temperature Night temperatures are in effect from 9PM to 10AM Day Temperature The average day temperature during this time of
89. any existing load elements Default Load Unit This defines the unit of loads to be imported If you have defined one of the import fields as a Unit field then this value is not used 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 225 Default Load Category This defines the category of loads to be imported If you have defined one of the import fields as a Category field then this value is not used OK When you click OK the load data will be imported In some cases there may be mismatches between the import data and system loads After the import you will be prompted to display a report for the import which will show in detail the following conditions Loads in the import data for which no matching system node could be found Loads that could not be added to a node because the load would conflict with other elements such as switches or generators etc on the node Nodes that contain distribution transformers or had loads prior to the import for which no new load was imported 5 4 3 8Create Loads Dialog Description This tool is used to create loads on nodes where there are already distribution transformer elements The new loads will be based on the size and phasing of the distribution transformer You have the option of deleting any existing loads and you can choose which seasons to create the new loads for This dialog is accessed from Tools gt Create Loads menu After creating loads using this tool
90. are created by customer load at a low power factor and by the impedances of transformers and lines which are primarily reactive High reactive loads cause increased line losses due to higher current flows and reduced voltages at the ends of feeders They also cause a low system power factor which may not be acceptable to the transmission system operator Adding capacitors can help to reduce losses by reducing current flow and generally improves the voltage on a feeder Too much capacitance can cause a leading power factor increasing losses and unacceptably high voltages Creating in DESS You create capacitor elements from the Node Dialog This will bring up the Capacitor Element Dialog described in the Reference Guide A capacitor element can be put on the same node as a distribution transformer or a load Controls There are three basic ways to control when a capacitor bank is switched in These are e Fixed the capacitor is always on e Time Switched the capacitor is turned on at a specified hour and off at another specified hour This assumes that the switch on off time is the same every day e Reactive Controlled the capacitor is turned on or off depending on the reactive current or it s effect on voltage This includes controlling by power factor by absolute kVAr flow or by voltage 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 47 3 4 2 Distribution Transformer Element 3 4 3 A distribution transfo
91. are currently selected in DESS and of these how many nodes contain distribution transformer elements and of the transformers how many do not have any associated loads Loads will only be created on nodes that already have transformers Delete existing loads If there are already existing load elements on the nodes you have selected containing transformers then you have the option of deleting these loads If you choose not to delete the loads new load elements will be added in addition to the existing loads Create new loads on 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 227 You can choose to create new loads on all selected transformers or only those that do not already have have loads on the same node Load Category Choose the category for the new loads All new loads will use this category Initial Load Choose the size of the new load relative to the nominal transformer size All new loads will be created with this value for peak kVA Note that you can use the Load Scaling tool subsequently to modify the initial value Seasons Check the seasons for which you want load sets to be created in the load element data Typically the new load should cover a complete year In the example above you would choose either Year by itself or check the four seasonal items and leave Year unchecked 5 4 3 90ptions Dialog Description This dialog lets the user set options for using DESS These options are not specific
92. at 1 lt time dial lt 5 If you choose specified values of 1 2 3 4 5 then in the protection element settings you could only choose one of these 5 time dial values Error The percent error band around an input value For example if you specify 10 the time values shown on the graph will be 10 of the nominal input value If the value is 0 the curves shown on the graph will be a simple line with no area Tool Dialogs The following dialogs are associated with commands on the Tool menu in DESS Tool Dialogs Move Between Layers Dialog Change Phasing Dialog Change References Dialog Import References Dialog Load Scaling Dialog Import Load Dialog Create Loads Dialog Options Dialog 5 4 3 1Move Between Layers Dialog Description This tool allows you to move a group of selected nodes and lines from one electrical layer to another You might want to do this to correct import errors or as part of a simulation for upgrading the voltage for part of a network After moving the items you may want to change references for conductors and transformers using the Change References tool You can use this tool by selecting the group of connected nodes and lines you want to move and then choosing the Move Between Layers command from the Tools menu Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 208 DESS v6 User s Guide Z Move Between Layers items to move 1 Nodes 0 Lines Current layer of items 2 4 16 kV
93. banks 3 7 10 General Short Circuit The short circuit analysis helps you determine the system response to faults This type of analysis is required in order to ensure that equipment such as breakers and switches are rated for the maximum fault current that may occur and that protective devices will operate for all fault conditions It will provide information for fault currents and fault impedances for a complete section of the system Results are provided for either the entire system or all nodes selected when the analysis is run Types of faults considered are e phase ground faults e phase phase faults e phase phase ground faults e three phase faults For each type of faults the results specify the expected current flows for a solidly grounded worst case fault 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 67 3 7 11 Specific Short Circuit The specific short circuit analysis is used to analyse a single fault condition on a specific node in detail The results include fault currents and voltages on the lines and nodes leading from the fault to all sources of fault current This analysis is useful in determining how much fault current is contributed from different sources i e from looped supplies or from generators or motors on the system The results for fault voltages due to the fault also provide information to help determine whether undervoltage protection will trip due to the fault The parameters
94. c How to 127 You can display all of the errors warnings and info in your system by using Query gt Check for Errors located in the main menu This will display a window on the bottom of the DESS window This window can be resized by dragging the thin blue bar at the very top of the errors window The errors window displays the number of errors in the title bar If you double click on any error the map view will center on that now selected node or line You can still use DESS normally while this window is open This allows you to find and fix these errors while they are right in front of you saving time and effort While this window shows all the errors so that you can work on them while seeing them all it does not automatically refresh In order to refresh you must access the tool again from the Query menu You can close this errors window when you are finished with it by simply clicking on the x in the top right corner of the errors window Show Disconnected This tool available from the Query Menu as Query gt Show Disconnected shows you all of the nodes and lines which are currently in your system which are not connected to a source through lines When you click on Show Disconnected a popup will appear listing how many nodes and lines are disconnected Gs T DESS will show you all of those nodes and lines which are not connected to a source DESS will also select all those nodes and lines which are di
95. c Generator 159 CS12T1 L 40 3 0041 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 215 Measurement Data Controls Data File Use this box to enter the path to the file containing the set of measurements you want to store You will be prompted for this file when you run a SCADA load flow Use the button to search for a file By default this file will be the last file where SCADA information was edited or for which a SCADA load flow was run Load Data After selecting a file name click this button to load the values into the Measurement Data list Measurement Data This list shows all the measurement items currently defined Add Edit Delete Use these buttons to add edit or delete items from the Measurement Data list Adding or editing items will bring up the Measurement Item dialog as shown Clear All Clear all defined data Save Data Use this button to save data before exiting the dialog Done Close the dialog If you have not yet saved any changes you will be warned before leaving the dialog Measurement Item Controls Measurement Node Choose the node ID for the system location where the measurement has been taken Selected Nodes This button brings up a list of currently selected nodes You can select a set of nodes e g the breakers at a substation before editing your data This list makes it faster to choose the nodes you want Find Node This bring
96. cal system may contain a single physical device which contains a number of interconnected switches In DESS you will need to decompose the compound device into an equivalent circuit of simple nodes switches and lines For example a device containing four connections each of which can be attached or disconnected would be represented in DESS as a single central node representing the bus attached to four surrounding nodes each with a switch element 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 55 3 5 3 5 1 Reference Data Reference data items in DESS are used to create a library containing the technical details of commonly used items These items represent both common plant items and items used for load modeling You can view and edit reference data items from the Reference docking panel Each of the dialogs related to Reference Data are available in the Reference Guide section of this manual Reference data is accessed from the Reference docking window Plant Items e Conductors e Transformers e Protection Types Load Modeling Data e Week Types e Season Types e Load Components e Load Categories Conductor Reference Data Conductor data defines the electrical parameters and physical properties for a set of conductors Electrical parameters include sequence impedances capacitive charging and ampacity Physical properties include material description location and cross section The key parameters of a
97. can also be opened and have a bak extension Backup files are created using the Auto Save functionality in DESS This command also appears on the Toolbar Recent Files This sub menu contains the most recent system files that have been opened Click on a sub menu item to open that data You can set the number of recent items that appear on this list from the Tools gt Options dialog Import Data This lets you import data in the DESS v6 XML format Data imported this way must be structured much like actual DESS system data but is allowed to be more flexible for identifying nodes lines and references Import data can have but typically does not have any reference data This function can also be used to import data from one DESS system into another e g if you wanted to combine two systems Save System Save the current system If the open system has not previously been saved you will be prompted for a location to save it When you make edit the data in a DESS system the changes will not be saved to disk until you choose to Save System Note however that if you have enabled the Auto Save feature DESS will automatically save a backup copy of your system data regularly by default every 15 minutes These files have the same name and are stored in the same folder as your data but have a bak file extension Save System As Save the current system to a new file location You can use this function to make a copy of your data DESS sys
98. can then use the up and down buttons to shift the position of the style one position in its respective position If you push the up button the style will switch places with the style above it and likewise if you push the down button the style will switch places with the style below it 2008 Dromey Design Inc 112 DESS v6 User s Guide Hint Because you cannot undo styles after you have clicked Ok the only way of ae changing back to a previous arrangement is to change it back manually gt Because of this it is generally wiser to create a new style and place its priority higher rather than change the values of an original style It is much easier to remove a new style which you have created than to try and change several styles back to how they were Changing the Appearance of Styles You can change the appearance of styles by first selecting a style in the left hand list of styles Then click the change button A dialog like the ones below will appear For nodes you can set the symbol for the node by picking one of the listed symbols DESS uses a special font for these characters and it is used by default However if you wish you can choose a different font to use by using the font name drop down menu to select the font you wish to use You can use several different fonts Each style can use a font independent of all other styles DESSSym Z Je Color 255 0 0 X o
99. ch direction you drag it It will apply to each of the tabs the setting is for the entire docking window If the width becomes small enough to obscure some of the content in the window it will create a scrollbar on the bottom of the window so that you can still see everything albeit with scrolling Tabs 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 115 There are three different tabs on the side of the docking window These correspond to three different sets of functions inside the window By clicking on any one of them the corresponding docking window view will appear Each of these three views has its own content and with each one the buttons on the top of the docking window change You can switch between these tabs at will By switching between the three different views you do not affect anything inside them or anything outside of them Changing these tabs is the equivalent of changing active windows on a desktop it is merely for convenience when viewing Pinning Another feature of the docking window is the pin button This button looks like a thumbtack and is shown in the upper right hand corner of the docking window This button is a toggle and when the pin is upright the window will always appear on the side of the DESS map view This is the default setting for it The other toggle sets the window to minimize to the side of the screen when it is not being used This turns the icon to a sideways thumbtack By placing your poin
100. choose the do so the line will be split at the location of the new node New Line Use can use this tool to create new lines on the active layer Lines must be connected between two existing nodes Use the tool by clicking on the start A node clicking on any intermediate points and then double clicking on the end node Both nodes must be on the same voltage layer or you will not be able to click on them Press the ESC key to quit drawing am Pan This tool lets you pan the current map view Click anywhere on the map and then drag the map so that you can see the desired area Zoom In Use this tool to zoom in on an area of interest on the map You can Q either click once to zoom in by 50 or you can click and drag a rectangle to zoom in on a specified area You can also use the scroll wheel on a mouse to zoom in and out Q Zoom Out This tool lets you zoom out and view a larger area of the map Click on a point to zoom out around that point Move Node Vertex This tool is used to move existing nodes and lines As you move the mouse over a node or a vertex in a line the cursor will change to indicate that you can drag this item As you drag a node all attached lines will also move with it If you change the length of a line by dragging it the length of the line will be automatically updated 2008 Dromey Design Inc 146 DESS v6 User s Guide 5 3 5 3 1 Docking Windows There are three differe
101. closed or vice versa no other actions are required because the software automatically retraces and determines the new configuration Connectivity Across Layers The basic network described above covers connectivity on a single electrical layer To create connectivity across voltages a power transformer element is used This represents a substation transformer or any transformer where the electrical layers on both sides of the transformer are explicitly modeled Loops DESS allows you to model networks with closed loops Closing any open switch on a radial network will create a closed loop DESS takes account of these loops when computing analysis solutions for short circuits and load flow based analyses Most distribution systems are fed radially so it is a good idea to check for closed loops after entering new system data If closed loops exist in a system an informational warning will be generated before analysis so you can be aware of any loop s and confirm that they should exist If a closed loop exists the concept of upstream and downstream becomes ambiguous so in a closed loop DESS will arbitrarily break the loop at the furthest point from the source for purposes of tracing Complicated Connectivity Cases Systems are normally arranged so that for a multi phase line power flows in the same direction in all phases However it is possible to use single phase switching or partial phase switch of a switch element so that power o
102. cted as shown at right above the following settings are available Current Modifier Multiple Sets the current multiple override for this type of fuse Normally set at 1 0 to represent standard fuse operation Can be set to less than 1 0 to represent the faster operation of a partially melted fuse Relay Settings When a relay is selected as shown at left above the following settings are available Relay Elements Shows one or more relay elements defined for this device Use the Add button Yellow Plus to add a new item and display options in the Relay Settings Dialog Use the Edit button Pencil or double click on an existing item to edit the item Use the Delete button Red X to delete the item Relay Setting Dialog Description This dialog lets you choose a settings group for a relay curve It is accessed from the Protection Element Dialog by adding a relay setting by clicking the yellow plus button or by double clicking on an already created relay setting Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 170 DESS v6 User s Guide PT Relay Element Sening Setting Type Inverse Time Phase Setting 51P Inverse Time Ground Setting 51N Instantaneous Phase Setting 50P Instantaneous Ground Setting 50N Operation Type Permanent Lockout Setting Curve Bement IAC Extreme inverse CT Ratio 200 ga Tap Setting 1 Time Dial Controls Setting Type The sp
103. cted in addition to any currently selected nodes or lines Like the sign there is also a sign which appears when you hold the Shift key When you Click on a selected node or line while holding Shift the node or line will become unselected This Select tool can select any node or line regardless of which layer the item which is being selected is located on a You can select more than one node or line at a time with the Select tool by holding the Ctrl key 2008 Dromey Design Inc 76 DESS v6 User s Guide Rectangle Select Tool m The Rectangle Select Tool acts much like the Select Tool except that instead of clicking on a node or line to select it you draw a rectangle around any items you want selected The Rectangle Select tool only selects items which are on the current layer To use the Rectangle Select tool simply click and hold the left mouse button where you want one of the corners of the rectangle to be While still holding the mouse button move your pointer to where you want the opposite corner of the rectangle to be located click and drag As you do this a dotted line rectangle will be drawn from the location where you first clicked to the current position of your pointer When your mouse is in the location where you want the rectangle to end release the mouse button The rectangle will disappear and all nodes and lines which are completely inside the rectangle will be selected
104. cted node are shown This dialog is accessed from the Analysis gt Protection Coordination command Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 230 DESS v6 User s Guide RH HA Protection Upstream of node 61 4 008011 a T SG 2 Current amps at 4160V Mouse Usage Move Mouse As you move the mouse the coordinates of the mouse location on the graph will be shown on the statusbar If you have selected a device curve see Click the coordinates of the edge of the selected curve will be shown If you have two curves selected see Drag the distance between the curves in seconds will be shown Click 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 231 5 4 5 Click on a curve to select it and see the coordinates of the curve edge Double Click Double click on a curve to edit the properties of the device associated with that curve Drag Drag the mouse from one curve to another to select both curves and see the time distance between the two curves Menu Commands Save Image This lets you save the current graph to a graphics file Formats include PNG JPG BMP TIFF and GIF Print Graph Print the currently displayed graph to a printer Show Cross Hairs lf this is selected a full screen cross hair will be shown at the mouse location Options This button brings up the Options dialog so you can choose which items to show on the graph Other Dialogs
105. d Note that you can change these at any time by going to Edit gt System Properties which opens the same dialog and allows you to edit those properties ex Settings Statistics Phasing Labels First r Second w Third b Map coordinates XY Meters X Y Centimeters X Y Millimeters X Y Feet X Y Yards The coordinate system determines how the locations of nodes and lines are interpreted and should not normally be changed once data has been entered L oe IL Ga IL The System Properties Dialog Electrical Layers Once you have chosen these values you can proceed to actually start modeling a system In order to do this you will first need to set up some layers You cannot create nodes or lines unless they have an electrical layer to be added to so you must create at least one To do this click on the lightning bolt icon on the top of the docking window in the layers tab This will bring up a window where you can set the properties of the electrical layer you have just created You must set the type of layer three or four wire and the nominal voltage The nominal voltage is important because all nodes created while that layer is the active layer will be created with that voltage Before you can do anything in your new system you must make sure that a layer is your active layer The very first time that you create a layer in DESS it does not select an active layer You must do this manually T
106. d in this set of curves The currently selected curve is shown in red Adding a new curve or editing the existing curve brings up the Time Current Curve Points Dialog Equation Based Relay Element Data Dialog Description This dialog is used to enter data for a relay curve element that is defined by a mathematical equation instead of just digitized points It is accessed from the Protection Type Reference Data Dialog Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 206 DESS v6 User s Guide Relay Element Data Enter the equation of the time current curve using variables I for current multiple and td for time dial Name IEEE C37 112 Moderately Inverse Equation 0515 td I 02 1 114 td Time Dial Range Relay Element Curve Continuous Ranae Specified Values oas au 10 100 Current Multiple Controls Name The name of this curve element Equation Enter the equation that defines the curve It is of the form time f current time dial Use i for current and td for time dial as variable names Time Dial Range You can specify whether the time dial values are continuous or limited to specific values For example if you input two curves for Time Dial 1 and Time Dialog 5 and specified a 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 207 5 4 3 continuous range the protection element settings would allow you to choose a time dial such th
107. de equipment at one or more voltages Before entering data for a system it s wise to decide where you will start and stop modeling your system Basic properties of a system include display names for the phases and the internal coordinate system used for mapping The System Properties Dialog contains these settings Where to Start HV Modeling Your DESS model begins at a node with a source element This represents a 3 phase constant voltage supply for your electrical system sometimes called an infinite bus or swing bus You must have at least one source element in your system model You will need to decide at which point to start modeling your system The best choice is to model only as much as is necessary in order to let you perform the analysis you need In many cases you can start modeling by creating a source representing the low voltage busbar of a transmission substation You then only need to model the feeders coming out of the station and the rest of the distribution system For example consider a DESN substation with two 110kV 27kV transformers and 8 feeders As long as all feeders were supplied at the same bus voltage you could create a single source at 27kV and connect all 8 feeders to it You model would only contain electrical layers for 27kV and lower In some cases you may wish to model the transmission substation You would normally only do this if you are interested in the details of the transformer operation such as substatio
108. dialog It is not shown if the dialog is accessed from the main DESS window Controls Map Use the select tool to double click on the node you want to specify Use the pan and zoom buttons or the mouse scroll wheel to navigate around the map to find the node you want 5 4 5 8Custom Trace Dialog Description This dialog lets you specify options when doing a custom trace on the DESS map It is accessed from the Query menu or from the toolbar You must select one or more nodes before choosing a trace 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 247 If you select more than one node they must be related so that one of the nodes is downstream of all others or upstream of all others You will then be able to trace the nodes and lines between the selected nodes For example you could trace downstream from one of the selected nodes until you came to the other selected nodes at which point the trace would stop Connectivity through closed loops can be ambiguous Appearance I Trace Options Trace Direction Trace downstream from node 40 3 0041 Trace upstream from node 40 3 0041 Select 5 Node Lines Nodes and Lines ci Trace A S GCk wE Controls Trace Direction Select whether to trace upstream or downstream depends on nodes selected Select Choose whether to select just nodes just lines or to select both nodes and lines default Trace All Layers Check to trace through
109. ding the best changes that can be made to a selected part of the system in order to reduce losses Changes considered include single phase transformers on three phase lines and single phase spurs attached to two or three phase lines Selected Items You can choose which part of the system you want to consider changes to If you are interested in general system improvements you may wish to find the best changes anywhere in the system Alternately you can select a feeder and then find changes to just the loads and spurs on that feeder Spurs Between Feeders Sometimes a single phase spur will connect to more than one three phase feeder and will contain one or more open points so that part of the spur is supplied from one feeder while other parts are supplied from one or more other feeders The phase balancing analysis gives you the option of specifying whether to allow the analysis to change one part of a spur without changing the phasing of the whole spur Allowing the analysis to do this gives the most flexibility but may result in a situation where different phases are supplying each side of an open switch an undesirable situation for operations safety Optimization The optimization analysis finds changes to the system configuration in order to reduce losses By changing the location of open points between feeders or between supplies it is usually possible to reduce line losses sometimes significantly so On a typical distribution system
110. draw allowing you to see a new section of the system db This does not resize the map in any way and does not modify any information It only adjusts your view so that it is easier to see your system Hint Aes can pan around the screen without the pan tool if your mouse has a middle S button or a scroll wheel Simply click and hold the middle mouse button to pan around the screen as per the pan tool 2008 Dromey Design Inc 74 DESS v6 User s Guide 4 2 Selecting In DESS selecting items is a critical skill Selecting refers to using one of a variety of tools to cause a node or a line to be highlighted in red These selected items are then available for certain utilities and analyses to be used or run Many items on the Tools menu are set to become operable when something is selected Nodes or lines can be only modified or analyzed using those commands when they are selected Nodes or lines highlighted in red are selected There are three general ways of selecting but these are not the only ways to select You can also select through many other methods like tracing finding nodes and custom selection and many other methods This section is specifically dedicated to explaining how to use the three basic methods of selection These three tools are the Select tool the Rectangle Select tool and the Polygon Select tool These tools can be found on the tools section of the toolbar Two other select
111. e you can evaluate potential system changes such as conductor sizing the addition of capacitors etc Load Forecasting You can also use the load flow for forecasting The best was to do this is to extend the current system to represent predicted new loads and changes in existing loads Expected new loads can be represented as point loads no need to model transformers or to 2008 Dromey Design Inc 62 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 7 3 3 7 4 represent each customer exactly Changes in existing customer loading can be modeled by using load scaling to change loads on each category of load e g increase residential load by 2 reduce commercial load by 1 or in specific areas e g increase load in new areas by 2 keep older parts of a town the same Motor Starting The motor starting analysis shows the effect of starting a large motor on a system The analysis works by running two loads flows one modeling the system without the motor operating and the other modeling the motor element under starting conditions i e high starting current and low starting power factor The results shows the voltage difference between the two conditions This can help you determine if voltage flicker will be a problem during motor starting A voltage drop of more than about 3 will create noticeable flicker in lighting In the analysis results you can also see the feeder currents and voltages under starting conditions Checking
112. e System Nominal Voltage 600 Appearance Visibility On V Selectable V Show Labels Controls ID The ID of the layer Automatically assigned Layer Type The configuration of the network for this layer Options are e Three Wire System Represents a true 3 wire configuration with no neutral conductor and no grounding except at substations Loads are typically applied phase phase on this type of network 2008 Dromey Design Inc 236 DESS v6 User s Guide e Four Wire System Represents an electrical configuration with 3 phase conductors plus a neutral conductor or a configuration with 3 phase conductors plus multi point grounding Nominal Voltage The nominal or name plate voltage level of this layer The actual supply voltage is set by the source element Visibility There are three settings for the visibility e On layer is always visible e Off layer is never visible e Zoom layer is visible when the map zoom is within the desired range This is sometimes called a de clutter feature Choose Off or Zoom to prevent the display of layers you are not currently interested in viewing Minimum Zoom The minimum width of the map display in meters at which you want the map to be displayed Typically set to 0 so that the layer is always displayed when zoomed in closely Visibility must be set to Zoom to use this setting Maximum Zoom The maximum width of the map displa
113. e added to the same node together A list of these is available in the elements section of the Users Guide A description of each element is also available in the same location Creating a New Element To create a new element merely bring up a Node Properties dialog either by adding a new node or by double clicking on an already existing node Select the Ad button in the Attached Elements section of the dialog Cl Node Data _ Name Paper Recycler Description 441 Ed ID Attached Elements Type ID Description Capacitor Hem 1 Fixed 100 100 100 kVAr Load Bement 1263 18 Fixed Load 9 PF Winter 0kWh Connected Lines ID Other Node Conductor Phasing Length 421 19 3 0015 1 0 Al 8320V 3ph m i 49 723 A drop down list of available options will appear You can then choose the type of element which you want to add A dialog will appear asking you to enter information about the element which you created Modifying Pre Existing Elements All existing elements are shown in the Attached Elements list By double clicking on any 2008 Dromey Design Inc 94 DESS v6 User s Guide one of these you can bring up its properties dialog and edit any information related to that element You can also select an already existing element and press the edit button to bring up that element s dialog box Each of the respective property dialogs are covered in Reference Guide gt Element Data D
114. e are four buttons on the top of the window The first on the far left called Add Item adds a new item to your collection of reference data When you click it it brings up a list of items which can be added to the list When you select one of these items it brings up the appropriate dialog for editing the data for that specific reference data item 2008 Dromey Design Inc 122 DESS v6 User s Guide D a X a Conductors A Transformers B Protection Types 1 IAC Standard Relay 2 S amp C SMU 20 10K 7 2 1 3 S amp C SMU 20 20K 7 2 1 4 S amp C SMU 20 40K 7 2 1 5 S amp C SMU 20 65K 7 2 14 6 S amp C SMU 20 100K 7 2 J 7 S amp C SMU 20 140K 7 2 J Week Types 1 Week 2 Weekday 3 Weekend Season Types 1 Year 2 Spring Iranapges f 3 Summer 4 Fall 5 Winter Load Components 21 Incandescent Lighting 22 Flourescent Lighting 24 Clothes Dryer 25 Residential Refrigeration 26 Cooking be H m E The second button to the right of the Add Wem button is called create copy This button creates an exact duplicate of an already existing item of reference data this becomes useful when making a number of similar items The third button the red X is the delete button Its function will be left up to your imagination The fourth button is the Edit Properties Button This brings up the properties dialog of the selected reference data item This is th
115. e dialog where you edit all of the information for that item of reference data Each of the property dialogs for reference data items is covered independently in the reference guide section of this manual at Reference Guide gt Dialogs gt Reference Data Dialogs 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 123 4 21 Modifying References Reference data is essential to your system Many items such as lines loads and transformers cannot be created without using reference data There are two primary ways to get reference data You can create them from scratch or you can import them from a pre existing system Importing References By far the easiest method to populate the reference data in your system is to import reference data items from another system You can import reference data from one system to another using the Import References Tool To do this you select Import References from the tools menu A dialog will appear prompting for a file Navigate to the system which you want to import reference data from and then select Open Another Dialog will appear and in this dialog you can select which Reference Data items you want to import Select items or types of items to import into the current system Select items from the list on the left and use the fight arrow to move them to the list to be imported You cannot undo this action after clicking OK Extemal System E tems to Import 4 Transformer Reference Transformer
116. e for screen output 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 259 because it produces a small size of file but is not lossy Node Style Dialog 5 4 5 14 Description This dialog lets you specify the appearance of nodes in the default theme the appearance when no results or other custom themes are being displayed Using the dialog you can set a series of rules defining a particular type of node and the associated appearance It is accessed from the Themes menu Appearance Controls II Edit Node Styles and Rules Node Style Rules Evaluated in order DessNode PowerTransformer DessNode Switch PhOpenValue A B C AB AC BC ABC DessNode Switch Protection DessNode Switch DessNode Distribution Transformer DessNode MotorGenerator lsMotor True DessNode MotorGenerator DessNode Protection DessNode Node Source Element Node Style Rules The currently defined set of node rules The details of a rule is shown at right in the Properties Tree Up Down 2008 Dromey Design Inc 260 DESS v6 User s Guide Use the Up and Down buttons to change the order of the rules When a theme is evaluated for a specific node the first matching rule will be selected and all others will be ignored For this reason more specific rules e g 50kVA Distribution Transformer should be higher up in the list than more general rules e g Distrib
117. e graph values by using the Hour and Value controls or you can use the mouse to drag the top of each bar 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 189 Hour The hour of the day ranging from 0 12 AM midnight to 23 11 PM Value The value of the current bar shown in graph and listed in Hour as a value between 0 no load and 1 peak 5 4 2 6Load Category Reference Data Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing load category reference data items which form part of the data for load modeling It is accessed from the Load Categories section of the Reference docking window The load element dialog allows you to select the load category for a specific load Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 190 DESS v6 User s Guide Mee sts gt lt numm 02 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 1820 2 JFMAMJJASON D Load Components Optional g cams N 0 5 M dr Ww E E S S RECH RRC M ue bo JFMAMJJASOND h x N Load Characteristics x E DIEN EN JFMAMJJASOND Controls ID Unique ID of the reference data item Automatically assigned Description User description of the load category Load Curves Edit the set of curves which define how the load varies over a given 24 hour period You can enter a separate curve for any combination of season type and week type defined 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 191
118. e moving a node except that you click and hold on a vertex of a line to move instead of a node 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 91 4 8 Editing Node and Line Properties To edit a node s or a line s properties you must first bring up its respective Properties Dialog This is called Node Data for nodes and Line Data for lines You can bring up these dialogs in several ways The simplest method is to double click on the node or line that is to be edited while the select tool is active Alternately these dialogs can be brought up by selecting a node or line and then selecting the edit tool on the toolbaror Edit menu The Edit Tool The Edit tool is also available in the edit menu as Edit gt Edit The Edit tool appears as a pencil Despite the fact that the pencil has no eraser you can Undo any changes you might make Nodes Once you have activated the edit function for a node the Node Data Dialog appears In this dialog you can view and edit the elements on that node the name and description of that node as well as view the lines connected to that node Layer 4 16kV Name Paper Recycler Description 141 Ext ID Attached Elements Type ID Description Capacitor Bem 1 Fixed 100 100 100 kVAr Load Element 1263 18 Fixed Load 9 PF Winter 0kWh Connected Lines ID Other Node Conductor Phasing Length 421 19 3 0015 1 0 Al 8320V 3ph rwb 49 723 You can do
119. e switch Normally you would choose either Open or Closed However you can simulate partial switching by choosing which phases of the switch are open Reference Data Dialogs Information regarding properties and editing for reference data is available for each type of data e Conductor Dialog e Transformer Reference Dialog e Week Type Dialog e Season Dialog e Load Component Dialog e Load Category Dialog e Protection Type Dialog 5 4 2 1Conductor Data Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing conductor data It is accessed from the Conductors section of the Reference docking window This data is used from the Line Dialog Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 178 DESS v6 User s Guide E Conductor Data ID 9 Description 556 kom ACSR 44000V 3ph O H Characteristics Material Overhead Line ACSR Underground Cable Nominal Voltage 44000 Cross Section 1097 296 Sequence Impedances Ohms km Ratings Amps R X Hot Rating 40 C Positive 0 10450000 0 39489999 fet aes Ele Zero 0 28270000 1 79079997 Cold Rating 10 C Cold Emergency Rating Controls ID The unique ID of this reference data item Automatically assigned Description User description of the conductor This description appears whenever the user needs to select a conductor such as in the line dialog Material The conductor material Choose from Unknown Copper solid or stranded cop
120. e the loop will be selected Show Loops This command closes the window and selects all of the nodes and lines of all the current loops in the system This also resizes your map view so that you can see all of the loops in the system at once Hint Note that the list constantly refreshes itself and you can change nodes and lines on the map view while this dialog is open Set View Dialog 5 4 5 12 Description This dialog lets you reset the map view to a specific center point and zoom You can also use the other navigation tools such as Zoom In Zoom Out Drag and scrolling with the mouse wheel to do this This dialog is accessed from View gt Set View on the main menu Appearance Enter the coordinate location you want to show on the map and click OK X 150000 Y 466000 Zoom Width 410 Ca ee 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 257 Controls X The x position horizontal position or longitude of the location you want to center the map on Y The y position vertical position or latitude of the location you want to center the map on Zoom Width The width of the map section you want to display in the map window This will be in units of map width as set in the System Properties dialog Save Map Dialog 5 4 5 13 Description This dialog is used to save a picture of the map to a graphics file You can control which part of the map is output along with the size and format of the
121. ears in a separate browser window Help Menu The help menu contains commands related to providing help and licensing Contents This command brings up the contents page of the electronic help system Licensing This command show the Licensing Dialog which is used for entering and upgrading DESS licenses Licenses allow DESS to be run for a particular period of time or permanently They also allow individual analysis modules to be enabled About The About Dialog shows the DESS splash screen as shown on startup and also gives the current version of the DESS software You may wish to compare your current version to new versions on the website to see if any updates are available 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 143 5 2 5 2 1 Toolbar The main toolbar contains a series of tools and commands G H a Sms gagelvlooaed nee usw A The commanads on the toolbar e g Open System duplicate functionality which is also available from the menu system The tools on the toolbar e g Rectangle Select affect the current function of the mouse and what happens as you click or click and drag on the map Toolbar Commands Toolbar Tools Toolbar Commands The following commands appear on the main toolbar Open System Open an existing DESS system See command on the File menu Save System Save changes to the current DESS system See command on the File menu D 9 Undo Undo pre
122. ease of load at a specified node You can use this analysis by selecting a particular node and choosing the Analysis gt Load Loss command The effect of adding additional load on the system depends not only on the size and location of the load but on how heavily the supply feeder is loaded Additional load added to the end of an already heavily loaded line will have a much larger effect on losses than load added near a substation to a lightly loaded line The results of this analysis report incremental losses as a percentage which represents the additional real losses as a ratio of the load added For example a 3 incremental real loss represents increased losses of 30W for every 1kW of additional load Cost Of Losses In some regulatory environments it is possible to pass along the cost of losses to new customers requesting connection to the grid This analysis can help determine these costs and the areas most sensitive to adding new loads SCADA Load Flow The SCADA load flow is a variation of a standard load flow which uses real measured data to improve the accuracy of the load flow for individual feeders A set of real measurement data such as could be obtained from a SCADA system is used to dynamically scale loads on a feeder so that the resulting current flows produced by the load flow match the values from the SCADA system For example the standard load modeling used in DESS might calculate that the flow on a given feeder is 16
123. ecific setting type Settings for the same phase group and operation type are combined on time current graphs so permanent settings for 51P and 50P would be combined as would 51N and 50N Operation Type Lets you choose either normal permanent breaker settings or initial settings for reclose operations Curve Element The type of curve to use for this condition All curves available from the Protection Reference data are shown in the list CT Ratio CT stands for Current Transformer This is the current transformer ratio to use for this relay setting 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 171 Tap Setting The tap setting of this curve Larger values of tap setting shift the curve to the right and vice versa Time Dial The time dial setting of this curve Generally larger values of time dial shift the curve up and vice versa 5 4 1 7Reactor Element Dialog Description This dialog is used for entering data for a reactor element It is accessed from the Node Dialog by adding a reactor element or double clicking on an already created reactor element Appearance F Reactor Data_ ID 0 Node 104 Paper Recycler Rating 1000 kVA Positive Sequence Impedance 0 Zero Sequence Impedance 0 Ca Ss Conirols ID This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the reactor element Node This is the ID number of the node that the reactor element is attached to Rating 200
124. eeeneeeeeeeeneeseeeeneeeseeesneeseeeesnenseeeenees 56 3 5 4 Season Type Reference Data ccsscccesccssseseseeeeeeseeesseesenseeeeeseeessnaeenseeeeeeas 56 3 5 5 Load Component Reference Data ccs cssscssseeeeeseeesseeseeseeeeeeeeesneeeneeeeeeeas 57 3 5 6 Load Category Reference Data s sccccsccsessesseeeeeseeesseeseneeeeeeeeesseaeenseeeeeeas 57 3 5 7 Protection Reference Data cccccscssssssssssssssssssssesesesessessseseeeseeneneneneneeeees 58 3 6 Load Modelen 59 Ke 60 3 7 1 Protection Coordination cccccccsssssessceeeeeeesnseenssceneeseeeeeesnssnescoeseeseesensnnsees 60 9 7 2 Load FIOW AE E wale bic ee a ee aie inal i 61 3 7 3 Motor Starting ees SSES 62 3 7 4 Annual Load FlOW wicca eet cick eee Meehan nas 62 9 129 OAM LOSS EAEE E EE EE edie RA nine Bales 63 3 7 6 SCADA Load FlOW ugeet aaia aa aa i aaa geesde amaaan aa a aea daa eeksb scbecilenchsiee tec 63 3 7 7 Capacitor Optimization ccceececesceseeeeeeeeeeseeeseseeeeeneeeeseeeseeseeeeeeeeesneaeeeseeeneas 64 3 7 8 Phase Balan ING sssrinin a deed 65 d Dr Rei EE 65 3 7 10 General Short TEE 66 2008 Dromey Design Inc Contents TT 3 7 11 Specific Short Circuit aada aa aa raaa re aaa raae daa a daa eSa aeaa isai adisi itida 67 Sle REPONS ee EEN 67 3 7 13 ResulsS cencnnaana aa ia aa a 69 Part iV Howto 4 1 Zooming and Panning ssssssssssssnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn nnna 73 El BEE 74 iS N
125. eference data such as conductors and transformer types Also a separate Results Viewer was used for showing results from analyses In DESS 6 all this functionality is contained in a single application After running an analysis the results can be viewed along with basic system data and you can trace along feeders and control layer visibility This makes it easier to understand analysis results and identify their effects Data Changes All data for DESS systems and associated reference data is now contained in a single file Previously data for a DESS system was contained in a group of files representing map data tab map id etc and tabular data dss Also a separate data file was used to store common reference data items dsr In DESS 6 all data is contained in a single file with a double extension dss xml The new format uses industry standard XML making it easier to exchange data with other software If you re ever curious about how data is stored in DESS you can open this file and view it using Internet Explorer it s almost human readable You can open DESS 5 5 system data using DESS 6 and you can subsequently save this data in DESS 6 format However you cannot save modified data to DESS 5 5 format and you cannot convert DESS 6 data to DESS 5 5 format Undo Redo DESS 6 at long last includes undo redo functionality For most basic editing operations adding deleting or changing data you can undo an unlimited numb
126. ents power and losses for a given set of loading conditions Motor Starting Runs the motor starting analysis Shows voltage drops and conditions due to starting a motor Annual Load Flow Run the annual load flow analysis Show range of voltages currents power and losses throughout the year plus energy Load Loss Runs the load loss analysis Shows incremental losses due to load at a specific location SCADA Load Flow Runs the SCADA load flow analysis This combines a standard load flow with real measurement information in order to dynamically scale modeled data to match real data Feeder Analysis Module Analyses 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 139 5 1 6 Capacitor Optimization Run the capacitor optimization analysis Show optimal location of capacitor banks Phase Balancing Run the phase balancing analysis to find phase changes for spurs and loads Optimization Module Analyses Optimization Run the optimization analysis Show optimal switching configuration for minimum losses Short Circuit Module Analyses Short Circuit Runs the short circuit analysis Shows fault levels for a set of points on the system Tools Menu The Tools menu contains commands for a variety of system operations including bulk data changes load management and others The individual commands are described below Many of the tools commands will affect the currently selected set of nodes
127. er of changes since you last saved Note that some operations such as load scaling or some add in functionality cannot be undone You will be warned when an operation is undoable DESS 5 5 saved changes as they were made the reason undo could not be implemented previously In DESS 6 you must use the Save command to actually save changes to file This also means you can make changes run analyses and view results without changing the data stored on disk HTML Reports 2008 Dromey Design Inc 18 DESS v6 User s Guide Reports in DESS are now displayed in HTML format When you view a report it will be displayed in your default internet browser e g Internet Explorer or Firefox If you want to save the report print it or copy data to another program you can use the normal browser tools for saving printing and cut paste Data Changes 3 Winding Transformers You can now model 3 winding power transformers in DESS These can have either the same or different voltages on the secondary tertiary windings They are created and edited the same as any other power transformer Week Types Year Types These data types have been changed so that they represent a concrete period For example Week would now represent Monday Friday instead of an arbitrary 5 7th of a week Also Summer might now represent June July August instead of an arbitrary 1 4 of a year Load Categories Load categories now allow you to define differe
128. er than 2008 Dromey Design Inc 100 DESS v6 User s Guide the maximum will be visible You can see what the current zoom level or width is by looking at the status bar below the map on the far right The width on the map is shown in whatever units you are using in your system You can use this as a reference when setting the zoom settings for a layer Typically the zoom feature is used to remove clutter in your system By setting the lower voltage layers or detailed street maps to disappear when you zoom out you can see the overall shape of your system without all of the clutter which is normally caused when you zoom out to a substantial distance Background File This is the file from which the background layer draws its image This is not available for electrical layers because only background layers require a file You can click on the button with three dots to the right of the file path to bring up a dialog which allows you to select an image for the background layer The current file path is displayed in the text box at the top of the dialog When choosing a new file you can choose from any of the map formats supported by DESS shp tab dxf The map must already be stored in the correct coordinate system Unlike some GIS software DESS does not convert between projections on the fly Labels You can specify whether you want to see labels for nodes on electrical layers you can set this from the electric
129. erage peak during the load period Measured in kW Peak Amps The average peak during the load period Measured in Amps kWh The total energy measured in kWh used during the period specified by the Season For example if the season were summer June July August the loading value would represent the total kWh used during those 3 months Loading The actual load values on each phase in units specified by Load Unit Show Individual Phases If you have a two or three phase load you have the option of entering the entire load in one text box as shown in the top picture or you can enter the load for each phase bottom picture If you are entering a balanced load it s usually easier to enter it as a single total value Scaling Factor An additional scaling factor modifying the loading This scaling factor can be used to 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 159 temporarily change the values of specific loads without losing the original loading values 5 4 1 4Motor Generator Dialog Description This dialog is used for entering the data for a motor generator element It is accessed from the Node Dialog by adding a motor generator element or double clicking on an already created motor generator element Appearance Motor Generator Data ID 0 Node 104 Paper Recycler Synchronous Motor Induction Generator kVA impedances Power kW kVAr P 500 Zero Sequence Q 0 Negative
130. ered unexpected outages You can use DESS to simulate unusual conditions Use the load flow to model what happens under very high system loads Simulate the loss of a feeder or of an entire station Try different restoration options and check for voltage problems or overloaded lines Reduce Losses Increasingly it s becoming important to consider not only the most reliable way to supply a system but also the most economic way DESS allows you to calculate losses for different system configurations You can also use the Yearly Load Flow to calculate loss energy throughout a year The basic load flow allows you to compare system losses with different loading conditions different conductors etc DESS also includes a set of automatic tools to help you reduce losses These include Configuration Optimization Capacitor Optimization and Phase Balancing Plan for the Future Use DESS to model future growth on your system You can use the editing tools in DESS to add in new loads and use the Load Scaling tools to model changes in existing loads by feeder by area or by category of load Once the projected changes have been made use the load flow analysis to determine the effect on feeder loading voltages and losses You can also use DESS to plan major changes to your system The addition of a new 2008 Dromey Design Inc Introduction substation or a new feeder is a very expensive project DESS can give you detailed s
131. erful if you want to select nodes with specific elements phasing or element properties For example you could use this command to select all nodes which contain overhead distribution transformers less than 100 kVA Query Property This command opens the Query Property Dialog which allows you to query all or a specified group of objects of a specific type in order to find the count average and total of a specific property of the object For example you could query for total length of single phase lines on a feeder Select All This selects all nodes and lines in the entire DESS system Invert Selection This inverts the currently selected nodes and lines All items which are currently shown selected are de selected and all unselected items become selected This tool can be useful in conjunction with other select tools to select items which do NOT have a specfic characteristic e g use in conjunction with a Trace Down to select all nodes and lines not on a given feeder Trace Up This traces upstream i e back towards the supply from the currently selected node or line All nodes and lines on the same electrical layer and which supply the start point will be selected You can use the Custom Trace command for more complicated queries This command also appears on the Toolbar Note that if you have a networked system with closed loops in the circuit the nature of up and downstream are no longer unique and an upstream trace may
132. erground Line should be higher up in the list than more general rules e g Single Phase Line Add Delete Use the Add button to add new empty rules and the Delete button to remove unwanted rules Properties Tree This tree view is the heart of the custom rule ability Starting with a line object you add conditions which you want to specify You do this by right clicking on the tree item This will bring up a menu listing properties of the specified object Click on a menu item to add that 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 263 condition by setting the property in the Edit Property Dialog Add Delete Edit The add button brings up the pop up menu as shown same as right clicking on an item in the tree The Edit and Delete buttons let you edit or delete an existing selected item Properties for the item are shown in the Edit Property Dialog Style The Change button brings up the following Line Style dialog where you can set the actual appearance of a line for a specific rule Style The style of the line e g solid dashed dotted etc Width The width of the line in pixels Color The color of the line Lines can only have a single color Sample Style The line style as it will appear on the DESS map Label Style Dialog 5 4 5 16 Description This dialog lets you specify the appearance of labels in the default theme the appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc
133. ermine the Loading on the transformer during various analyses Primary Secondary Impedance The main transformer impedance For a 3 winding transformer the impedance between the high voltage winding and the first of the secondary windings Primary Tertiary Impedance The impedance between the high voltage and tertiary windings This only applies to 3 winding transformers or transformers with an intermediate tertiary winding YDY or 2008 Dromey Design Inc 164 DESS v6 User s Guide Autotransformer w D tertiary Secondary Tertiary Impedance The impedance between the secondary and tertiary windings This only applies to 3 winding transformers or transformers with an intermediate tertiary winding YDY or Autotransformer w D tertiary XO to X1 Ratio This ratio is used to represent the different in reactance between the zero sequence X0 and the positive sequence X1 Normally this is 1 0 However for some transformers there may be a difference For example a value of 95 is sometimes used to represent the slightly lower reactance of the zero sequence for DY and YD transformers Shunt Losses The no load transformer losses in KW kVAr These losses are independent of transformer loading Primary Grounded Check this box if the primary winding is grounded Typically Y windings attached to a 4 wire system are generally grounded Delta windings are not usually grounded although they can be using a zig z
134. erty Dialog Description This dialog lets you specify a condition relating to the properties for a DESS object such as a node line element or reference data item It is accessed by adding or editing a property on the Custom Query Dialog Appearance Property Name Name Test Equal To Choose value to compare to General Controls 2008 Dromey Design Inc 254 DESS v6 User s Guide Property Name The name of the property you are setting a condition for Text Property Controls For text items the test condition can be one of e Contains Text Case Sensitive property value must contain exact text value e Contains Text Case Insensitive property must contain value but capitalization is ignored e Does Not Contain Text Case Insensitive property must not contain specified text capitalization ignored List Property Controls Some properties have a fixed range of values such as phasing or conductor material type For these items the property condition can be either e Equal To You can select one or more items from the list The value must equal one of these e Not Equal To You can select one or more items from the list The value must not equal one of these Boolean Property Controls For boolean type properties you can select whether the value for the object should be True of False Numeric Property Controls If the object property is numeric you can set
135. es Edit Menu The edit menu is used for editing data and contains the command listed below Most of these commands can also be accessed from the toolbar Undo This command undoes recent changes to the system There is no limit to how many actions you can undo however some commands which make extensive changes to the data especially some of the actions on the Tools menu cannot be undone This command also appears on the Toolbar Redo This command re does the most recent Undo command This command also appears on the Toolbar 2008 Dromey Design Inc 134 DESS v6 User s Guide Edit You can use this command to bring up the Node Dialog or Line Dialog for the currently selected node or line on the current layer This is equivalent to double clicking on a node or line with the mouse This command also appears on the Toolbar Delete This command will delete all currently selected nodes and or lines Note that because of connectivity rules deleting a node will delete all attached lines This command also appears on the Toolbar Add Power Transformer This command is used to add a power transformer to the system A power transformer creates a connection between electrical layers To use this command you must first select two nodes on different layers you can select multiple nodes by holding down the CTRL key as you click on nodes These nodes will become the high and low voltage terminals of the power tra
136. escription This dialog is used for entering data for a distribution transformer element It is accessed from the Node Dialog by adding a distribution transformer element or double clicking on an already created distribution transformer element Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 155 Distribution Transformer Data 89 13800 4160V 1000kVA Wee Det gt al a pee Combined connection for soe banked single phase pu L o II Ge Il me Controls ID This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the distribution transformer element Node This is the ID number of the node that the distribution transformer is attached to Phasing Element phasing This should be compatible with the phasing of the lines supplying the parent node and with any loads attached to the same node Jupe Use this list to select to type of transformer The drop down box shows a complete list of all available transformer reference data Use the Find button to more easily find a specific type of transformer via the Find Transformer Dialog The type of transformer you pick must have the correct high voltage and phasing type i e you cannot put a 3 phase transformer on a single phase line or you will receive errors when you try to run an analysis Connection This allows you to specify the connection of the transformer In most cases the connection will be the same as specified in t
137. ese items in the list you can click OK to choose that item OK Chooses the selected item OK is only enabled when you have make a selection from the Matching Items list 5 4 2 2Transformer Reference Data Dialog Description 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 181 This dialog is used for editing distribution transformer reference data It is accessed from the Transformers section of the Reference docking window This data is used from the Distribution Transformer Element Dialog Appearance Ss ion 37 5kVA 1Ph 13800V Pole Single Phase D ize 37 5 kVA Nominal 3 Phase Voltages impedances High 13800 R X Total 0 010900000 0 016000000 pu on kVA Low 240 Shunt Losses Real 0 12999999 kW F HVN IG jed Reactive 0 38999998 kVAr E LV Neutral Grounded V Tap on HV Winding L oe IL Ge 1 me Controls ID The unique ID of this reference data item Automatically assigned Description User description of the transformer type This description appears whenever the user needs to select a transformer such as in the distribution transformer dialog Winding Connection The connection between the high and low voltage windings For YD and DY transformers 2008 Dromey Design Inc 182 DESS v6 User s Guide the most common connections are listed first Wye Delta 30 and Delta Wye 30 The degree angle refers to the angle of the secondar
138. esult of errors in configuration or accidentally leaving a switch closed that should be open Note that if you have a closed loop you will be given a warning when you run an analysis This warning can be ignored if you created the loop on purpose e g you are paralleling a transformer or modeling a switching operation Check For Errors This command performs a full check on the current system to check for errors inconsistencies or warnings This is the same check which is automatically performed before any analysis is run Note that this function returns different levels of messages including Info Warning and Error Info items represent situations which are unusual such as disconnected nodes or loops but which may not be an error If you see this type of message make sure you understand why and where these issues come from Warning items represent situations which are most likely in error but which will not prevent an analysis being run This includes items like overloaded distribution transformers If you see this type of message you should address the issue or at least understand the ramifications of the error Error items represent problems which will prevent the running of an analysis such as incorrect phasing on elements too many lines attached to a a switch etc This type of problem must be corrected before attempting to run an analysis View Menu The View menu contains commands related to the current view of the system T
139. etc Line End Conductor Element Change You need to create nodes in the correct locations before you can create any lines because lines can only be created between two nodes Likewise if you delete a node all lines 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 35 3 2 2 attached to it will be deleted This prevents problems with connectivity by having hanging lines You can move nodes after they are created to put them into the correct location If you try to create a new node on top of an existing line you will be given the option to split the line so that the new node will end one of the lines and start the other If you add an element to a node it changes the symbol of the node to one corresponding to the element added The symbols associated with a node can be edited in Themes gt Node Style Rules Lines Lines in DESS represent a branch or section of the electrical network such as a feeder or spur Each line must start and end at a node and cannot be attached to nodes except at the ends Each line has properties for length phasing and conductor type DESS uses a single line representation so a line in DESS can represent either a 3 phase branch with or without a neutral or a single phase section The actual electrical characteristics of the conductor are determined by the conductor used for the line L DESS automatically determines the direction of connectivity i e which way t
140. f 9AM to 10PM S ect The load scaling is equal to the exponential of the factor multiplied by the temperature difference in Celsius The graph below shows the resultant scaling factors for four different factors for temperature differences between 0 and 30C 2008 Dromey Design Inc 198 DESS v6 User s Guide 2 000 1 750 C 005 NC DI N C 025 1 250 1 000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Temperature Difference Night Factor This factor determines how much the temperature affects the nighttime load between the hours of 10PM to 9AM The factor calculations and scaling relationships are the same as for Day Factor 5 4 2 7Protection Type Reference Data Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing protection reference data items It is accessed from the Protection Types section of the Reference docking window The protection element dialog allows you to select an item of this type Appearance for Fuses for Relays 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 199 E Protection Reference Data 3 Description S amp C SMU 20 20K 7 2 14 4kV Time Current Curves 3 a T H a CH Y 1 10 100 1000 10K 100K Current amps multiple L oe IL cma Il sw 2008 Dromey Design Inc 200 DESS v6 User s Guide Protection Reference Data 1 Description WC Standard Relay Fuse Time Current Curves 9 Relay
141. f labels and allows greater visibility of the labels 52 1204 Labels are very effective at providing information quickly Like node and line themes label themes are also available after running an analysis These themes overrides your current labels and replaces them with a series of labels which provide information corresponding to the theme and analysis You can restore your default labels as well as your default node and line styles by using Themes gt Default Theme Legend The legend is a box containing information about what each symbol or color represents after applying a theme The legend appears when you apply a theme to DESS generally after just running an analysis You can set the options for the legend in Tools gt Options under the legend tool The legend is considered not to exist for purposes of manipulating the map view in any way 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 109 Average Voltage p u Deenergized 0 01 A Very Low 0 01 0 875 A Low 0 875 0 925 A Acceptable 0 925 0 95 A A Good 0 95 1 High gt 1 The legend makes it easier to use themes 2008 Dromey Design Inc 110 DESS v6 User s Guide 4 16 Editing Themes and Styles This topic describes adding and removing node and line styles and modifying or changing themes This section assumes that you have read over the section under User s Guide gt Nodes and Li
142. f the list you can also select node line and label styles to import This allows you to easily keep all your systems looking the same When you are finished select the OK button to import the items you ve selected or Cancel to quit without making changes Hint When DESS is installed it creates a a folder in the DESS install directory called Reference Data This contains a number of files containing protective device reference data items which can be imported into your system D Creating Reference Data Sometimes the data you need isn t part of an existing DESS system and you must create your own reference data from scratch This is a straight forward using the property dialogs for each item To create reference data right click on the heading of the data type which you wish to create and select the add option This will bring up the properties dialog for that particular type of reference data From there you fill in the required information and click OK The Copy tool makes this process much quicker To use this tool select the reference data item to copy and then click on the Copy button on the docking window toolbar An exact copy of that item will be created This is extremely useful when you want a large number of similar items of reference data You can create a template and make copies of it Each type of reference data has a different properties dialog and so each of these is covered in detail in the reference data sectio
143. f these can also be set by right clicking on the layer in the docking window Background Layers Background layers can be easily modified like electrical layers All the background layers that are currently in this system are listed underneath Background Layers Visibility Visibility designates whether or not you can see any nodes and lines which are ona particular layer If this option is turned off you cannot see anything on that layer If it is set 2008 Dromey Design Inc 148 DESS v6 User s Guide 5 3 2 to on you can see all the nodes and lines on this layer if it is electrical or the map image if it is a background layer The last setting Zoom helps clear up your working space This feature makes the layer visible only when zoomed in to a specific width This range can be adjusted by using the minimum and maximum zoom text boxes on the right of the Layer Properties Dialog whether electrical or background Selectable You can toggle whether a particular electrical layer is selectable or not If a layer is designated as not selectable you cannot select any of the nodes or lines that are on the layer You can still bring up the node dialog box however by double clicking on the node and edit the information associated with that node or line You cannot select those nodes or lines and consequently cannot move them run certain analyses on them track them upstream or downstream etc Active Layer
144. flat planes are connected by power transformers Power transformers are represented in this picture by a dotted line connecting two different nodes Each of these nodes exists on a different layer Connecting Nodes and Lines DESS has several built in protections against making errors in your system Many of these concern the placement of nodes and lines Nodes can be placed anywhere but lines can only connect two different nodes Lines can have multiple vertices and bend at points but they can still only begin or end on a node This prevents your system from having any lines without an ending node called hanging lines Elements In DESS you can add elements to nodes These represent important items in an electrical system It is through a use of these combined with a knowledge of what nodes and lines are and layers that you can create a model of an electrical system There are a few different Elements in DESS A list is provided here while a much more detailed description of each element is provided in the User s Guide under the Elements category 2008 Dromey Design Inc Introduction 11 The Elements available in DESS are e Capacitor e Distribution Transformer e Load e Motor Generator e Power Transformer e Protection e Reactor e Regulator e Source e Switch These elements provide a wide range of options for system modeling as each element added to a system has its own parameters with settin
145. ge Ratings Hot Cold Emergency The rated cable ampacities at hot 40C and cold weather 10C conditions The emergency ratings are the ratings allowed for short durations one two hours If you choose different ratings for hot and cold then the line loading of rated capacity in the analysis results will make use of the different ratings For example consider a line with a hot rating of 300A and a cold rating of 400A If the line was carrying 150A at a 40C ambient temperature the loading would be 50 If it was carrying 150A at 10C the loading would only be 37 5 Find Conductor Dialog Description 2008 Dromey Design Inc 180 DESS v6 User s Guide This dialog is used to help select a particular conductor It is called from the Line Data Dialog and from some of the utilities Appearance OI Find Conductor Matching Items 21 1 0 Cu 44000V 3ph O H 20 2 0 Cu 44000V 3ph O H a S iy 19 3 0 Cu 44000V 3ph O H Overhead 18 4 0 Cu 44000V 3ph O H Underground Controls Criteria Use the different criteria to select characteristics of the conductor you want to find For each criteria nominal voltage location material you can choose a specific value in order to reduce the size of the list of matching items Matching Items This list shows the types of conductor which match the specified criteria Once you have selected one of th
146. gs and properties appropriate to that particular element Summary DESS is a computer created mathematical model of a system This system is composed of nodes which can have elements added to them all connected by lines These nodes and lines are contained on layers which are based on voltage You can connect these layers together using power transformers 2008 Dromey Design Inc 12 DESS v6 User s Guide 1 4 Registering DESS 6 To use DESS you must have a valid license The license determines how long you can use DESS for which analysis modules you can use and the maximum size of system model you can edit When you first start DESS on a computer where DESS has never been installed you will be presented with the licensing dialog HI Temporary License Info Site Code C633 2D84 D4F8 E591 47 Site Key Restrictions Time limited 40 days remaining System Limit Unlimited Nodes Licensed Modules Load Flow Module Feeder Analysis Module Optimization Module Transformer Management Module Short Circuit Module The Site Code uniquely identifies where you have installed DESS Send this code to Dromey Design by email phone or fax Dromey Design will generate and send you a Site Key which you can copy into this dialog This will license DESS with the purchased system limit and analysis modules Hint It s easiest to copy and paste site codes and site keys between the dialog and
147. h DessNode Label Tet Available Fields Selected Fields rr Oe Fee oe Load Category SE Status Node i Transformer Type el Label Style Sample HR on wee In order to create a new style rule for labels first you must select whether you want to add a line label or a node label Select the appropriate button at the bottom of the list pane on the left A new style rule will appear at the bottom of the list of styles on the left You can move this style up and down like style for nodes and lines by using the up and down buttons in the top center of the dialog You can add more specific criteria by using the yellow plus sign at the bottom of the list on the right When a node meets that criteria it will follow the label directions provided in the bottom right of the dialog 2008 Dromey Design Inc 108 DESS v6 User s Guide Each style has its own label directions this helps to keep the system clear and not cluttered The directions for labels are quite simple To add something to a label simply select the item to add from the Available Fields section and press the right arrow in between the two fields That item will be added to the bottom of the Selected Fields list To add a new line to your label there is a new line field which can be added to the selected fields This will move all items following it onto the next line down This prevents long strings o
148. he commands are View All This changes the current zoom and center so that you can see the entire system plus the full extent of any background maps This can be useful if you have lost track of where you are or where the map is maybe it is off the screen or if you just want to automatically see the entire system data set Set View This brings up the Set View Dialog so you can choose the coordinates of the map center and the current zoom This can be useful if you know the coordinates of a point you want to view or want to display a specific view for print purposes etc Save Map To File This brings up the Save Map Dialog which lets you save a specified section of the map to a graphics file This can be useful for use in reports or if you wish to annotate a map in 2008 Dromey Design Inc 138 DESS v6 User s Guide 5 1 5 external graphics software Analysis Menu This menu gives you access to all the analysis tools in DESS Note that the selection of tools will depend on those licenses purchased for DESS If you need access to a certain function and see it listed here but it doesn t appear on the menu for your copy of DESS please contact Dromey Design regarding the licence The menu commands are Standard Analyses Protection Coordination Show device coordination upstream of a selected node Load Flow Module Analyses Load Flow Run the load flow analysis Show system voltages curr
149. he Transformer Reference Data Dialog However if you want to represent 3 single phase transformers connected as a 3 phase transformer you can specify the 3 phase connection here 2008 Dromey Design Inc 156 DESS v6 User s Guide Tap Position The tap position in per unit A value of 1 is the nominal tap position A value greater than 1 boosts the secondary voltage and a value of less than 1 reduces the secondary voltage 5 4 1 3Load Element Dialog Description This dialog is used for entering data for a load element It can be accessed from the Node Dialog by adding a load element or double clicking on an already created load element Appearance ID 0 Load Connection Node 104 Paper Recycler Phase to phase Phasing Phase to neutral Load Category 18 Fixed Load 9 PF Load Set Info Season Load Unit Scaling Factor Winter kWh 1 Controls ID This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the load element Node This is the ID number of the node that the load is attached to Load Connection Choose how the load is connected to the primary system Usually this will be phase ground for 4 wire systems with a neutral and phase phase for 3 wire systems no 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 157 neutral conductor Phasing Element phasing This should be compatible with the phasing of the lines supplying the pare
150. her software and systems such as GIS and 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 33 SCADA Documentation for the structure of the DESS XML file is available from Dromey Design 2008 Dromey Design Inc 34 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 2 3 2 1 Nodes and Lines Nodes and lines are the primary items of data in a DESS system network In this section each is described in detail If you understand the concept of nodes and lines you will have a very good base of understanding to work off of when using DESS On the other hand you cannot effectively use DESS without understanding nodes and lines Nodes An electrical network in DESS is composed of lines and nodes Nodes are sometimes called busses Nodes are points in the system displayed in the map view which are connected to each other with lines These points can be used merely to model junctions or line ends or can represent electrical equipment or electrical loads This equipment and electrical loads are represented by what is called elements which are data items attached to anode Nodes appear as point symbols in the system Nodes change their appearance according to a set of rules called Style Rules You must create a node for the following cases e At the end of a line e At junctions where three or more lines meet e Whenever the type of line conductor changes e Wherever there are elements such as loads transformers switches
151. ialog described in the Reference Guide A load can be put on the same node as distribution transformer elements or capacitor elements Before you create a load the appropriate data for load modeling must be set up in the reference data If you put a distribution transformer on the same node as a load element the load element is assumed to be connected to the low voltage side of the transformer If there is no transformer the load is connected at the line voltage Motor Generator Element This type of element is used to represent 3 phase motors and generators You can represent either synchronous or induction machines Synchronous machines rotate at a speed determined by the system frequency These machines tend to be larger such as generators used in hydro electric or thermal generation plants or hooked up to gas turbines Synchronous machines can vary both the real power they output and the reactive power The VAR output of a synchronous generator can be used to support reactive loads and to support voltage Synchronous machines as modeled in DESS are assumed to have automatic voltage regulation that adjusts the VAR output within machine limits to support a specified voltage setting at the generator terminals Induction machines are generally smaller Induction motors are the most common type of motor Induction generators are generally used for smaller installations and where there is no constant prime driver such as wind turbines Induction
152. ialogs You can remove an element by selecting the element which you wish to remove and pressing the Delete button on the dialog located under the list of elements and to the right of the edit button 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 95 4 10 Creating and Deleting Layers Background and Electrical Layers are the two different kinds of layers that can be created in DESS They are both primarily accessed from the docking window to the left of the Map View They are available under the Layers tab Creating Electrical or Background Layers To create a new electrical or background layer you can either use the buttons at the top of the Docking Windows or you can right click on the appropriate type of layer edd A D f Electrical Layers 6d 13 8 kV 7 amp d 4 16 kV LL s Le Background Laye 6 LandBase There is a button to add an electrical layer and a button to add a background layer The button with a lightning bolt with a yellow star is the Add New Electrical Layer tool The button that looks like a world with a yellow star is the Add Background Layer tool Alternately you can right click on either of the headings Electrical Layers or Background Layers This brings up a menu where you can select to add the layer respective to the heading Once you have selected the add layer button in one of the above listed methods a dialog will appear with all of the applicable properties of that t
153. ical system To be valid a system must have at least one source Typically a source is defined at each transmission substation or external feeder supplying the system Capacitor This element represents a single capacitor or a bank of capacitors You can define fixed time switched or automatically regulated capacitors Distribution Transformer This type of transformer represents the typical pad mount or pole mounted transformer found throughout a distribution system It is similar to a power transformer but is not modeled in as much detail Use this type of element when you are attaching a load but do not want to model the secondary in detail Load An element representing a load on the system This is probably the most common type of element used throughout a distribution system model Motor Generator This type of element is used to represent the following e asynchronous generator e asynchronous motor e an induction generator e an induction motor 2008 Dromey Design Inc Quick Reference 25 Region Reference Data 2008 Dromey Design Inc Requlator A voltage regulator Regulation is based on the voltage at the node and can be set to manual or automatic regulation Switch This element represents anything than can be opened and closed to change the flow of electricity This can include a wide range of devices such as switches elbows jumpers and fuses Power Transformer A transformer
154. ide You should also see Checking for Errors in the How To section of the Help System due to the chance of causing errors in your system when moving nodes and lines 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 103 4 13 Connecting Layers Connect Layers with a Power Transformer Power transformers connect two different electrical layers by connecting a primary high voltage and one or two secondary nodes low voltage from different layers Creating a power transformer is very easy You select the primary node from the high voltage layer and the secondary node s from other lower voltage electrical layer s It does not matter what order you select the nodes in You must however ensure that only those nodes are selected If you are creating a normal two winding transformer you would select exactly two nodes one for the HV terminal and one for the LV terminal If you are creating a three winding transformer with double secondaries you would select exactly three nodes one for the HV terminal and one for each low voltage terminal The low voltage terminals can be either the same voltage or different voltages Use the standard Select Tool with the Ctrl button held down to select multiple individual nodes High Voltage Low Voltage Feeder F1 Feeder F2 Feeder F3 Selected Nodes This shows how to create a typical two winding transformer Select the HV and the LV terminal nodes must not have any o
155. ifferent load curves components or characteristics in your load category data for a specific data For example an industrial customer who shuts down on the weekend may have a different load profile on Monday and Friday to account for start up and shutdown In this case you could create 4 types Weekend Monday Tuesday Thursday and Friday The Week Type Reference Data Dialog is available in the Reference Guide section of this help manual Season Type Reference Data Season types are used to define a portion of a year for analysis purposes Season types are part of the load modeling in DESS Data for a season include the months of the year included in the season plus values for average day and night temperatures The temperature values are used to compute the difference between normal and actual temperatures for analysis and affect the scaling of load categories which contain temperature sensitive scaling factors A typical system will define season types for full year all months and for the four seasons Spring Summer Fall and Winter This lets you define different load element data for each of the four seasons This data frequently comes as kWh values from a customer billing system 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 57 3 5 5 3 5 6 If you have loads that vary distinctly on a monthly basis you could potentially define season types for each of the 12 months and enter load data specifically for each
156. inally selected node From the initially selected node all nodes and lines which are downstream away from switches the source and connected to the original node are selected Hint x If a node or line is de energized not connected to a supply you cannot trace from it Also if your system contains closed loops networked as opposed to radial up and downstream traces become ambiguous so you may not get the results you expect Use the Query gt Find Disconnected and Query gt Find Loops to identify these conditions 2008 Dromey Design Inc 82 DESS v6 User s Guide Trace Upstream Tracing upstream is the opposite of tracing downstream As with the downstream trace you must select a node or line in order to use this tool All the nodes or lines in a direct line between the selected item and the supply point will be selected The trace will stop at either the power transformer LV supplying the selected node or at the node containing the source element Unlike trace downstream no branches are selected as part of the upstream trace a Tracing upstream is the opposite of tracing downstream Custom Trace Custom Trace contains options from both upstream and downstream traces as well as a few which are not contained in either of the two basic traces Custom Trace allows you to set whether you wish to trace upstream or downstream It also allows you to select whether or not you want to trace co
157. ine both real and reactive curves the relationship between the two curves will override any settings for power factor elsewhere in the load category data 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 193 Real Curve The 24 hour curve for real power The curve is normalized so it should have a peak value of 1 0 Reactive Curve This graph represents the 24 hour curve for reactive power You can use this definition to model changing power factor over a 24 hour period Positive values represent lagging or inductive reactive load normally the case and negative values represent leading or capacitive reactive power The combination of the real and reactive curves define the power factor during the specified period Bar The hour currently selected in the appropriate graph Current Value The value of the currently selected bar Load Component Data Dialog Description This dialog is used to edit load components sets It is accessed from the Load Category Dialog and helps to define load category reference data items Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 194 DESS v6 User s Guide CL Load Component Data Period Season Wes Double click component to edit Load Component 21 Incandescent Lighting 22 Flourescent Lighting 33 Office Equipment 41 Air Conditioning 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Controls Season The part of the year this data app
158. ing Regulator rating in KVA Note that the rating of a regulator is usually much smaller than the power being regulated Tap Position Regulator tap position in p u A tap position greater than 1 boosts the downstream voltage A tap position less than 1 bucks the voltage Minimum Tap Position The minimum tap position in p u affects automatic voltage regulation Maximum Tap Position The maximum tap position in p u affects automatic voltage regulation Tap Step Size Size of each tap step in p u Sequence Impedances The sequence impedances of the regulator in p u on KVA rating Typical regulator impedances are very small and can be left as zero if desired Automatic Regulation Check if the regulator tap should be automatically changed to maintain the desired downstream voltage Regulator Setting The desired p u voltage on the secondary side of the regulator Regulator Deadband 2008 Dromey Design Inc 174 DESS v6 User s Guide Automatic voltage regulator dead band This represents the size of change that is required to trigger a tap step change No tap change will occur while the difference between the node voltage and the Regulator Settings is less than the size of the deadband Line Drop Compensation Check this box to make use of line drop compensation for voltage regulation Line drop compensation is a way to make the voltage regulator act as if it is regulating a point downstream of the regulat
159. ion methods Inverting selection and Custom selection are listed below the three basic methods These are slightly more complicated than the basic three selection tools They are very useful for a few specific jobs and they are worth learning how to use because they can select things which would be otherwise impossible or very difficult with normal selection methods Overall Selection and Removing a Selection Apart from the tools listed below to select everything in a system you can use Query gt Select All from the menu To deselect anything that is currently selected use any one of the three basic selection tools listed below and click or double click on a blank section of map 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 75 Select Tool h This is the most common tool that is used in DESS and this is always the tool which is selected by default whenever you start DESS In order to use this tool it must be activated by clicking on the icon on the toolbar By clicking on a single node or line you can select it Note that if you select another node or line the original node or line will become unselected This means that normally only one node or line can be selected at a time with this tool However by holding the Ctrl key you can select multiple nodes and lines together As soon as you push the Ctrl key a small black sign will appear When this sign is visible all nodes or lines that you select will be sele
160. is time 0 Off At this time 0 Controls ID This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the capacitor element Node This is the ID number of the node that the capacitor is attached to Phasing Element phasing This should be compatible with the phasing of the lines supplying the parent node Size 2008 Dromey Design Inc 154 DESS v6 User s Guide The nominal size of the capacitor bank per phase This value represents the capacitive power of the banks with the parent node at nominal voltage The actual power will vary depending on voltage Control Type How the capacitor is controlled It is can be one of the following e Fixed Capacitor is always on e Time Controlled Turns on at a given hour e g On Limit 12 Turns off later at the specified time e g Off Limit 18 VAr Controlled Turns on when the line VARs are too high e g On Limit 500 Turns off when the VArs are too low e g Off Limit 100 Power Factor Controlled Turns on when power factor too low e g On Limit 95 Turns off when the power factor is too high e g Off Limit 99 Voltage Controlled Turns on when the voltage is too low e g On Limit 94 Turns off when the voltage is too high e g Off Limit 1 04 On and Off Limits The values of the control variables at which point the capacitor bank is turned on and off see Control Type above 5 4 1 2Distribution Transformer Dialog D
161. ith taps on both the HV and LV side To do this use a power transformer with an HV tap and add a regulator element next to the LV terminal Tap Position The tap position If you have an HV tap then a value greater than 1 will reduce the LV voltage and a value less than 1 will boost the LV voltage If you have the tap on the LV side then a tap position greater than 1 will increase the LV voltage Tertiary Tap Position 2008 Dromey Design Inc 166 DESS v6 User s Guide If you have a 3 winding transformer with LV taps this will let you change the tap on the tertiary winding Minimum Tap Position The minimum tap position used by the automatic voltage regulator to limit tap position travel Maximum Tap Position The maximum tap position used by the automatic voltage regulator to limit tap position travel Tap Step Size The p u size of the tap step If your tap steps are quoted as voltages you will need to convert them For example taps on a 44kV winding of 44000V 45100V 46200V 47300V would correspond to a minimum tap of 1 0 and maximum tap of 1 075 and a tap step of 025 p u Automatic Tap Changer Check this box if the transformer has an automatic tap changer with voltage regulation Setting The p u voltage setting on the secondary side of the transformer The voltage regulator will try to maintain this voltage by changing taps For example setting a value of 1 0 will cause the regulator to
162. k Cancel e This is the dialog for editing the appearance This dialog is used to edit the of a line style appearance of a node style When you are finished making changes you can select OK to return to the styles page Changing the Appearance of Analysis Result Themes In the Tools gt Options dialog you can set the visual appearance of nodes and lines for the themes that can be shown after an analysis is run Each analysis may have a number of different themes for nodes and lines This is shown from the labels to the left of each style Unlike the normal DESS theme you cannot add styles or delete styles in this mode only change the values at which a particular style is shown or the appearance of the style 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 113 Load Flow Voltage Theme Appearance Number of Ranges 6 Voltage Unbalance EI Motor Starting Voltage Drop Optimization EI ShortCircuit Current Set To Default The Options Dialog To change the appearance of a node or a line in this dialog double click on the button to the right of the style shown Once you do this the dialog used to modify the appearance of a node or line Shown above will appear 2008 Dromey Design Inc 114 DESS v6 User s Guide 4 17 Moving the Docking Window The docking window is a useful addition to the DESS interface which contains three separate sections These sections are each explained
163. kVAr 657 617 kW 663 856 kVAr HV Current 110 11 A 98 66A 116 77 A Loading 132 2 118 46 140 16 Losses 6 691 kW 71 293 KVAr 5 371 KW 57 231 KVAr 7 524 KW 80 179 kVAr Shunt Losses 8 073 kW HV Node 1246 AB Transf HV Size 6000 kvA Secondary Node 1247 LV Tap Position 100 r w b Power 1 507 194 KW 244 566 KVAr 1 507 193 KW 244 576 KVAr 1 507 196 kW 244 549 kVAr HV Current 192 54 A 192 53 A 192 56 A Loading 76 35 76 35 76 35 Losses 7 178 KW 76 482 KVAr 7 177 KW 76 472 KVAr 7 179 KW 76 499 KVAr Shunt Losses 7 925 kW HV Node 144 South Substation Size 5000 KVA Secondary Node 171 Tap Position 95 r w b Power 668 958 KW 486 476 kVAr 953 301 KW 675 369 kVAr 1 023 887 KW 742 485 kVAr HV Current 103 53 A 146 56 A 158 57 A Loading 49 63 70 1 75 89 Losses 2 366 kW 25 208 kVAr 4 741 KW 50 518 kVAr 5 550 kW 59 138 kVAr Shunt Losses 8 023 kW HV Node 1232 Gen Transf Size 750 KVA Secondary Node 1235 LV Node Tap Position 101 r w b Power 166 459 kW 60 480 kVAr 167 040 kW 62 432 kVAr 165 553 kW 59 406 kVAr HV Current 7461A 7461A 7461A Loading 70 84 71 33 70 36 Losses 0 259 kW 5 837 KVAr 0 259 kW 5 837 kVAr 0 259 KW 5 838 KVAr Shunt Losses 1 954 kW This is a power transformer results page after running a Load Flow analysis 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 69 3 7 13 Results After you have run an analysis in DESS you have a set of results which con
164. l to voltage constant current and a value of 2 means power varies with the square of the voltage constant impedance QV Factor The relationship between voltage and reactive power for this type of load The actual power produced is the nominal power times the p u voltage raised to this factor Q Qve A value of 0 means that the power is independent of voltage constant power A value of 1 means power is proportional to voltage constant current and a value of 2 means power varies with the square of the voltage constant impedance Power Factor The power factor of the load lagging There is no way to specify a component with a leading power factor Motor Factor The proportion of the load composed of motors This affects re energization after an outage cold load pickup because motors draw an especially large load during the first few seconds of start up Reenergization Factor The proportion of the load energized during re energization For some loads such as heating and air conditioning this value will be greater than 1 0 due to a loss of load diversity during an outage For other loads such as certain industrial load the value will be less than 1 0 as loads will not be automatically applied during re energization but will be manually started later Graph The graph shows the load variation over a 24 hour period Note that the graph should be normalized so that the peak is always 1 0 top of the graph You can edit th
165. led from the Protection Type Reference Data Dialog for relays and calls the Time Current Curve Points Dialog Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 204 DESS v6 User s Guide DEI Digitized Relay Element Data Specify the time dial range and add curves for specified time dial values Maximum and minimum time Name Eror 0 Time Dial Range Relay Element Curves Continuous Range Specified Values 3 a a H 2 Curves Time Dial 1 ate N x Current Multiple L oe IL Ge Controls Name The name of this curve element within a relay or recloser Error The percent error band around an input value For example if you specify 10 the time values shown on the graph will be 10 of the nominal input value If the value is 0 the curves shown on the graph will be a simple line with no area Time Dial Range You can specify whether the time dial values are continuous or limited to specific values 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 205 For example if you input two curves for Time Dial 1 and Time Dialog 5 and specified a continuous range the protection element settings would allow you to choose a time dial such that 1 lt time dial lt 5 If you choose specified values of 1 2 3 4 5 then in the protection element settings you could only choose one of these 5 time dial values Curves This list shows all the curves define
166. les Dialog Label Style Rules Dialog or the Line Style Rules Dialog Hint You can create rules which you do not always want to apply to a system To activate them move them to the top of the style list and move them down the list to the bottom when you do not want them to show Using this you can quickly identify certain groups of nodes or lines with similar properties Warning After making changes to a set of style rules once you click OK you can no longer undo these changes using the Undo tool so be careful Themes Themes are simply a collection of node or line styles Most themes are associated with the results of an analysis which has just been run These are accessed under the Themes menu A different selection of themes is available depending on which analysis has been 2008 Dromey Design Inc 40 DESS v6 User s Guide run DESS automatically comes with a set of predefined themes for nodes and lines as well as preset themes for analyses which have been run You can generally only access themes after an analysis has been run These themes change the entire appearance or a large portion of your system Typically each of these themes affects a particular type of information eg the Node Voltages and Line Loading each affect nodes and lines respectively You can set your options for the appearance of analysis from the Options Dialog This can be accessed from Tools gt Options dialog appears
167. lied from the different sources Impedances The sequence impedances of the source representing the impedance of the transmission system measured in p u on 100 MVA Typically the positive sequence and negative sequence impedances are identical 2008 Dromey Design Inc 176 DESS v6 User s Guide The maximum impedance values give the lowest fault current levels on the system and the minimum impedances give the largest fault current levels in the short circuit analysis If you have fault levels at the source or impedances on a different base you can calculate the required impedances in p u at 100 MVA See Converting Source Impedances Switch Element Dialog 5 4 1 10 Description This dialog is used for entering data for a switch element It can be accessed from the Node Dialog by adding a switch element or double clicking on an already created switch element Appearance ID 0 Node 104 Paper Recycler Switch Status Closed Open Help Conirols ID This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the switch element Node This is the ID number of the node that the switch is attached to Phasing 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 177 5 4 2 The phasing of the switch element represents the phases that can be switched If you include extra phases which are not present in adjacent lines they will be ignored Switch Status Specify the status of th
168. lies to Week The part of the week that this data applies to Scaled Components A list of load components currently part of this set of data along with the scaling factor The resultant curve shown on the graph is the load component graph multiplied by the scaling factor Add Add a new type of component to this set Edit Bring up the Load Component Dialog for editing the data for the currently selected item 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 195 You can also double click on a row of the list bring up the dialog Delete Delete the currently selected component from this set Edit Scaling Edit the scaling factor for the currently selected component Push the Update button to set the value Graph The graph shows each individual scaled load component in blue and the total of all the scaled load components is shown as a red line To be valid the total of the load components should be less than any of load curves that exist for the same period Characteristic Info Dialog Description This dialog is used to edit load characteristics It is accessed from the Load Category Dialog and help define load category reference data items Appearance Period Season 1 Year e ven Voltage Response Re energization Temperature Scaling PV Factor 1 35 Reenergization Factor 1 27 Day Factor 0 005 Power Factor 0 87 QV Factor 2 48 Motor Factor 0 5 Night Factor 0 005 Controls
169. make a vertex in the line When you do click to make a bend a dotted line will be drawn from the point where you just clicked to the last place where you clicked or the node if you haven t clicked yet In other words the location where you clicked will act as an anchor for where you click next Creating a new line You can click to make a bend or vertice in the line 4 When you want to end your new line double click on the end node Hint f If nothing happens when you click on a start node or double click on an end node the problem may be that the nodes are not on the active layer i e you re drawing a line on the 4kV layer but trying to attached the ends to nodes on the 27kV layer 5 The Line Properties Dialog will appear You can type in information here about the line you just created or you can close it and fill it in later If you are extending an existing line the default for phasing and conductor type will be set the same as the adjacent line Unlike nodes you cannot move lines You can only move the nodes attached to 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 87 them Hint ae Note that if you have multiple nodes you cannot draw a line through multipl e nodes and have them inserted If you do this they will not be inserted into the line You must draw a line from each node to the next one in the sequence 2008 Dromey Design Inc 88 DESS v6 User s Guide
170. n different phases ends up flowing in different directions within a single line section DESS will handle this case correctly although tracing on such an arrangement can be confusing unless single phase traces are used It is also possible to create a system where a 3 phase line breaks into 3 single phase lines which each follow a separate path and then rejoin into a single 3 phase line again Again DESS handles the performance of this case correctly Appearance Under the broad title of Themes there are two concepts involved Styles and Themes Both of these topics involve the appearance of your system more specifically the 2008 Dromey Design Inc 38 DESS v6 User s Guide appearance of lines labels and nodes Styles and Style Rules The node style of a particular node refers to it s appearance e g a black triangle or a red circle Likewise the ine style of a line refers to its color thickness and whether it is solid dashed etc A style rule is a set of conditions which determine the specific appearance of a node ora line These rules can be either very simple or more complicated eg all distribution transformers are red triangles or all 27Kv single phase pad mount 50Kva distribution transformers are large black stars You can change these rules and add your own from the Default Appearance submenu in the Theme menu Line Style Rules Evaluated in order DessLine DessNode DessLayer Voltage 600
171. n of this guide under Dialogs gt Reference Data Dialogs Changing References 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 125 The Change References tool in the Tools menu allows you to change the reference items associated with multiple nodes and lines at the same time First select all of the lines and nodes which are to be changed Then select Change References from the Tools menu Select the type of reference item to edit Then select the item to change from the middle and the new value from the right You can select multiple changes before clicking OK You cannot use Undo after this operation Transformer i 1 50KVA 1Ph 13800V Pol Conductor niteni Le 2 37 5kVA 1Ph 13800V F Load Season 80 10kVA 1 Ph 4160V Pole 9 75kVA 1Ph 13800V Pole 4 15kVA 1Ph 13800V Pol Load Category 6 5kVA 1Ph 13800V Pole Protection 7 10kVA 1Ph 13800V Pol 8 25kVA 1Ph 13800V Poll 9 75 kVA 1Ph 13800V Poll 10 100 kVA 1Ph 13800V 11 50kVA 1Ph 13800V Pe 12 37 5kVA 1Ph 13800V 13 75 KVA 1Ph 13800V P 14 100 kVA 1Ph 13800V I 15 50 kVA 1Ph 27600V P 16 37 5kVA 1Ph 27600V 17 15kVA 1Ph 27600V D 18 75 kVA 1Ph 27600V D 19 100 kVA 1Ph 27600V F 21 50 kVA 1Ph 27600V Pi 23 75 kVA 1Ph 27600V Pi 24 100 kVA 1Ph 27600V 26 15kVA Delta Wye 1381 27 30 kVA Delta Wye 1381 28 75 kVA Delta Wye 1381 29 350 kVA Delta Wye 13 31 150 kVA Delta Wye 13 32 300 kVA Delta Wye 13 33 500 kVA Delta Wye 13i 35 7
172. n specify which field defines the unit and specify how the different values match up with the load units in DESS You can define zero or one fields of this type If you do not define a Unit field all imported loads will use the Default Load Unit If you do define a Unit field the Default Load Unit will not be used and will be grayed out Category the field contains values which define different load categories for different rows of data For example the import data may contain a field which contains information for customer types or industry codes These can be mapped to load categories defined in DESS You can define zero or one fields of this type If you do not define a Category field all imported loads will use the Default Load Category If you do define a Category field the Default Load Category will not be used and will be grayed out Existing Loads This section defines how existing system loads are treated You can do one of the following Delete all loads in system All loads throughout the system will be removed prior to importing new loads even if no new loads will be created during import Delete existing load data on nodes where new data is imported A list of nodes where load data will be imported is created and all loads on these nodes is deleted prior to import Other nodes are not affected Keep all existing system load data No load elements are deleted prior to import New loads will be added to nodes in addition to
173. n transformer losses or tap changing voltage regulation Using the example above of the 110kV 27kV substation you would now need to add an extra electrical layer 2008 Dromey Design Inc 32 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 1 3 3 1 4 at 100kV containing two nodes one for each transformer and add two power transformers and the extra nodes and lines required to represent the busbar connections on the transformer secondaries In rare cases you may wish to model part of the supplying transmission system You might do this if the transmission supply voltage cannot be considered constant and fluctuates due to load conditions on the distribution system In this case you would model a few extra lines on the transmission system and put the source element at the end of these Where to Stop LV Modeling Your model will contain equipment for all primary distribution voltages using an electrical layer in DESS for each voltage Normally your system would not represent the low voltage network i e 110V or 220V The tools in DESS are focused on system analysis and by including the secondary network the volume of data increases by an order of magnitude with very little benefit in analysis Distribution transformer elements are used to provide a simplified transformer model when the secondary network is not modeled If a node contains a distribution transformer and one or more load elements the loads are assumed to be connected to the
174. nditions which you want to specify You do this by right clicking on the tree item This will bring up a menu listing properties of the specified object and in the case of nodes will show types of elements which you want to exist on a node Click on a menu item to add that condition by setting the property in the Edit Property Dialog The following 2008 Dromey Design Inc 252 DESS v6 User s Guide examples give some ideas of what you can do with this dialog Select all single phase lines longer than 100m in length Line PhLine alue lt gt 4BC Length gt 100 Select all 50kVA underground transformers Node Distribution Transformer Element Transformer Reference Mounting ault Size 50 Select nodes that have a residential loads with a 3 phase transformer Node S Distribution Transformer Element PhElementalues4BC Load Element Load Category Description contains Residential Add Delete Edit 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 253 The add button brings up the pop up menu as shown same as right clicking on an item in the tree The Edit and Delete buttons let you edit or delete an existing selected item Properties for the item are shown in the Edit Property Dialog Select Close the dialog and perform the specified selection Once you have selected the nodes or lines you can view a list of selected items on the Select docking window Edit Prop
175. ndows include Layers for managing editing layers References for managing editing Reference Data Items and Selected for showing a list of selected nodes and lines The top right corner of the docking window contains an auto hide button enabling it to either stay open or to automatically retract to the side of the window unless the mouse stays over the window Legend The legend only appears sometimes You can toggle the appearance of the legend in the Themes Menu The legend only ever appears after you have applied a theme to your results It helps you to understand the results of an Analysis Status Bar The status bar displays a more detailed description of commands position information for the mouse pointer on the map in x and y coordinates or latitude longitude the current zoom level displayed as Width and a progress bar during long operations 2008 Dromey Design Inc Part User s Guide 30 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 User s Guide The User s Guide describes how to use DESS including entering data running queries and using analyses and viewing and understanding the results The User s Guide contains the following sections Systems This section describes DESS system data and explains how to open and save data and how to view system properties Electrical Layers and Background Layers Describes the difference between electrical and background layers How to create and delete layers and set la
176. nes gt Appearance in the help system If you have not read this we suggest that you do so It will help you understand the following discussion Styles Styles are edited in one of two different places depending on the type of theme Firstly basic default styles are edited in the themes styles menu under Default Appearance gt Node Style Rules or Line Style Rules This is where the appearance of nodes and lines for the default DESS theme are edited Anything that you edit in this area will affect how DESS appears when no other themes are applied to the system Secondly the appearance of nodes and lines in the various analysis result themes are modified in the Options menu In this menu which is accessed via Tools gt Options on the main menu you can change the styles of the nodes or lines for each analysis Creating a New Style To create a new style you click on the Add button underneath the list of styles After you do this a new style will appear at the bottom of the list of style rules Currently this newly created style has no properties or settings To set a requirement you must click on the the drop down arrow beside the yellow plus sign A list of elements and properties will appear Choose the property that you want to have associated with this particular style and set the options for it in the dialog box which appears This is a continuous process If you wish to add a more detailed or specific property requirement merel
177. ng When you click the search button all nodes containing the specified text somewhere in their descriptions will be listed 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 245 Search When you click this button al matching nodes will be shown in the list List A list of nodes found To select the desired node on the map either select the row in the list and click OK or double click on the item in the list You can click on the column headers to sort the list by either ID Name or Description Find From List Find by ID Find by Name All Nodes Please select a node from the list Name Description 2 0031 1108 Ee ID 2 0033 1110 Ext ID 3 0001 1191 Ext ID 3 0002 1192 Ee ID 3 0003 1193 Ext ID 3 0004 1194 Ext ID 3 0005 1195 Ext ID 3 0006 1196 Ext ID 3 0007 1197 Ee ID 3 0008 1198 Ex ID 1200 Ext ID 1202 Ee ID 1203 Ext ID 1204 Ext ID 1205 Ext ID ETH Controls List A complete list of nodes in the system To select the desired node on the map either select the row in the list and click OK or double click on the item in the list You can click on the column headers to sort the list by either ID Name or Description 2008 Dromey Design Inc 246 DESS v6 User s Guide Find From Map This pane of the find node dialog only appears when this dialog is shown from an analysis
178. ng Factor is chosen in the previous step Replace existing scaling factor This lets you set the new factor All affected loads will be set to the specified value regardless of their current value Multiply existing scaling factor This option takes the existing values for scaling factors and modifies then by multiplying by the specified value The Existing Values and New Values show the effects on the load scaling factors of the loads to be scaled 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 221 Value This value is either the new value of the load scaling factor or the amount by which to multiply the load scaling factor depending on which option is chosen Scale Load Values Scale load values for each phase as shown below OEE Gea Ga Scale Load Values Step This step is only shown if Change Load Values is selected in the Type of Scaling step or for simple loads which do not contain a scaling factor Multiply existing load values by Use these three fields to specify how much to scale each phase of the existing loads by 2008 Dromey Design Inc 222 DESS v6 User s Guide Scale Loads Summary Confirm scaling details before clicking the Finish button Nodes Affected Selected Nodes 345 Loads Affected Normal loads 6 Scaling Operation Multiply load values by 1 1 1 Summary Step The summary step shows the choices selected in each of the previous step
179. nishes melting and opens Device Curve Elements This list shows the currently defined curve elements for a relay type of protection Use the Equation button to define a new curve element defined by an equation often used to model electronic relays via the Equation Based Relay Element Dialog Use the Digitized button to define a new curve element defined by a set of digitized curves often used to model electromechanical relays via the Digitized Relay Element Data Dialog Use the Edit and Delete buttons to remove selected curve elements Graph The time current graph shows any curves defined for this type of protection If there are multiple curves for a relay the currently selected item is shown in red and the others in black Time Current Curve Points Dialog Description This dialog is used to manually enter the points that define a time current curve It is accessed from the Protection Type Reference Data Dialog for fuses and from the Digitized Relay Element Data Dialog for relays Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 202 DESS v6 User s Guide Enter the points in the curve in current time pairs separated by spaces or commas 43 1609 227 659 D Time Current Curve 43 5511 121 613 44 0328 60 3311 44 7877 41 9235 45 4192 27 7669 46 3367 19 1604 47 5572 14 237 48 8099 10 7064 51 0055 8 0594 53 3532 6 3271 56 9364 4 7533 60 3967 3 7541 65 3615 2 8288 69 6814 2 2861 74 0643 1 9057 78 1737
180. nnectivity over all layers or by default only the layer where the currently selected node is The custom trace also allows you to trace connectivity on lines using specific phasing The Custom Trace feature also allows you to either select only nodes only lines or both The trace will still be performed as normal it is only the specified parts that are selected whether it be only nodes only lines or both nodes and lines 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 83 Trace Options _ Trace Direction Trace downstream from node 23 3 0019 Trace upstream from node 23 3 0019 Select Node Lines Nodes and Lines pm Tece Al The Custom Trace Dialog is useful for setting specific tracing settings Finally if you select two or more nodes the Custom Trace allows you to select all items between the selected items This is a trace from the node closest to the supply and stopping at the other selected nodes You can only use this feature when all the selected nodes are part of the same connected section of system Network Trace The Network Trace selects all nodes and lines connected to the selected node stopping only at open switches and at power transformers You can select more than one node or line before using this trace method This tool is useful for selecting a disconnected section of system which cannot be selected using the normal tracing tools because it is not energized 2008
181. nsformer This command also appears on the Toolbar If you are creating a 3 winding transformer you must select 3 nodes on at least two different layers One node will become the HV terminal of the transformer and the other nodes will become the secondary and tertiary terminals Once you have selected nodes you can use this command and it will bring up the Power Transformer Dialog Change Switches Use this command to change the status of one or more switches Select one or more switches you want to change and then choose this command or the Change Switches toolbar button System Properties This command brings up the System Properties Dialog where you can view and edit system properties and statistics This command lets you set names for the phases e g abc or rwb You can also choose the coordinates to use for the map The statistics tab shows how many objects such as nodes lines switches etc you currently have in your system 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 135 5 1 3 Query Menu This menu contains commands for selecting and querying nodes and lines Many of the tools and commands in DESS especially those on the Tool menu rely on selecting a particular set of nodes to work with The commands on this menu are This command opens the Custom Select Dialog which allows you to query the nodes and lines in DESS in order to select items which have specified characteristics This can be very pow
182. nsformer Element 50 kVA 1 Ph 4160V Pole Load Element 16 Industrial Year 146 013 kWh Load Element 15 Residential Year 148 141 kWh Ka Tooltips appear when you hover your mouse over a node or line for a short period of time Labels This section will be much easier to understand if you have read Editing Themes and Styles in the How To section and or Themes in the Users Guide Similar principles apply to labels as to node and line styles 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 107 Labels are text titles which appear near a node or line and like tooltips contain information about that node or line Unlike tooltips however labels do not require you to hover your mouse overtop of a node or line In order to enable or disable Labels you go to the layers tab on the Docking window and enable disable the layers which you want labels to appear on You do this by bringing up each layer s properties dialog and checking Show Labels You can also right click on a layer and select Labels from there When this item is checked or selected any labels which apply to nodes or lines on that layer appear Labels can be set in the Themes menu by going to Themes gt Default Appearance gt Label Style Rules This brings up a dialog much like those of Edit Node Style Rules and Edit Line Style Rules This dialog works slightly differently than those however Style Rules Evaluated in order DessNode Switc
183. nt and then use this dialog to change the phasing of the lines and any elements on the nodes The most common use of this tool is to select a single phase spur and change it to another phase as part of a phase balancing study This dialog is shown from the Tools gt Change Phasing command Note that you cannot undo this operation so it s important to confirm your actions and or save your work before doing this Appearance Change Phasing Existing Phasing Line none found Load Bement 1 r Distribution Transformer Element 1 r Power Transformer Element none found Capacitor Element none found Regulator Element none found SA Note you cannot use New Phasing fy Undo to reverse this operation ihep Controls Existing Phasing This list gives you detailed information on the existing phasing of the selected lines and elements on the selected nodes Use this information to confirm the phasing of the items you will be changing and ensure that you have not inadvertently selected extra or wrong 2008 Dromey Design Inc 210 DESS v6 User s Guide items New Phasing Select the new phasing for lines and elements 5 4 3 3Change References Dialog Description This tool lets you make group changes to all the reference data items associated with selected nodes and or lines You can use it to do a number of common tasks like reconductoring a set of lines or changing the lo
184. nt characteristics e g power factor PV QV factors for different day and month types You can do the same for load components This will not affect many users but does allow for more flexibility on the type of load modeling which can be done Protective Relay Modeling DESS 5 5 introduced basic fuse protection coordination DESS 6 introduces proper modeling for protective relays and reclosers You can now represent the different curves associated with a range of time dials and can represent both user drawn curves for arbitrary mechanical relays etc and equation based time current curves typical for newer microprocessor relays 2008 Dromey Design Inc Introduction 19 1 7 About Dromey Design Inc Dromey Design Inc specializes in software for analysis of distribution system networks and produces DESS Dromey Design has been in business since 1984 and was founded by Gordon Dromey Ph D For customers who may not have the time or manpower to do everything inhouse we also provide direct support for customers in data entry and system analysis Dromey Design Inc 68 McDonagh Cr Thorold Ontario Canada L2V 4G5 Phone 905 685 3801 Fax 905 685 3119 Toll Free 877 940 4100 www dromeydesign com info dromeydesign com 2008 Dromey Design Inc Part Quick Reference 22 DESS v6 User s Guide Quick Reference This chapter provides a quick reference to using DESS
185. nt docking windows in DESS These items appear on the left side of the map and pop out as the mouse hovers over the items They can also be pinned fixed in place using the thumbtack icon on the top right of the windows The windows are Layer Docking Window Reference Data Docking Window Select Docking Window Layer Docking Window The layer docking window allows you to set the current active electrical layer add electrical layers remove electrical layers modify the visibility of layers and to add or modify background layers There are two different types of layers that can be modified in this window Electrical Layers and Background Layers 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 147 Hl DESS Sample System dss xml_ File Edit Query View Analysis Tools Themes GG A d Leyes eer xn E Electrical Layers 6d 13 8 kV o Fam d 6 Add Electrical Layer B Back db Add Background Layer el Set As Active Layer CAS ACTIVE La oF Selectable Visibility On Visibility Off 6f Visibility Zoom suaAe X Delete Layer Sch Edit Layer Properties Electrical Layers Underneath Electrical Layers all of the current electrical layers are listed along with images denoting their current visibility By double clicking on a layer you can view the electrical layer properties dialog This dialog contains all of the properties that you can set for a layer Many o
186. nt node and with any distribution transformer attached to the same node Load Category The load category reference data that defines the characteristics and load curves associated with this load Load Set Info The load set data contains the actual load values and periods of load for this load element For a typical load that is active throughout the year you would have one load set per season Use the Add button to add a new load set Use the Edit button or double click on a row to edit the data Use the Delete button to delete the currently selected load set Adding or editing a load set brings up the Load Set Dialog Load Set Dialog Description The load set dialog lets you enter load data for a particular period of the year It is accessed from the Load Element Dialog by adding a set of load data or double clicking on an already created set of load data Appearance Load Load Unit Loading E Show Individual Phases Scaling Factor 1 ox Il Ge Hep 2008 Dromey Design Inc 158 DESS v6 User s Guide T Load Set Data _ Season Load Unit Loading Scaling Factor Controls Season Choose the season reference data item that defines the period this load is active for Load Unit The unit of measurement of the load that the Loading measures You can choose from Peak kVA The average peak during the load period Measured in kVA Peak kW The av
187. o do this either use drop down list box in the far right of the toolbar or right click on a layer and select Set as Active Layer Any new nodes and 2008 Dromey Design Inc Introduction 15 lines which are created will be created on that layer with that voltage Layer Type Three Wire System Nominal Voltage 600 Appearance Visibility On e V Selectable Show Labels Electrical Layer Properties To learn more about layers and their properties you may want to reference the Layers section in Users Guide gt Layers and How To gt Layer Properties in this manual Background Layers Once you have created an electrical layer you may wish to add a background layer Background layers are dumb maps which merely provide a reference point for creating a system Background layers are not essential or necessary but without a background layer you have no reference point with which to work Typical background layers are used to display street maps or land parcels In some cases a background map may be used to display a CAD picture of an electrical network so it can be manually over traced to create a system in DESS Cl Background Layer Properties Path C DESS Projects Sample Data LandBase TAB liss Appearance Visibility Zoom m Minumum Zoom Maximum Zoom 2000 Selectable Transparency Cancel Background Layer Properties Dialog To add a background layer click the
188. o the source 2008 Dromey Design Inc 36 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 2 3 It doesn t matter whether you draw a line from node A to B or from B to A As you change the status of switches and make other changes the connectivity of the DESS system will automatically be updated By default the length of a new line is set to the measured distance on the map This assumes you are using a geographic landbase for your mapping You can check which coordinate system you are using for you map in the system properties dialog To create a schematic view of an electrical system you can override the default line length by using the length property in the line properties dialog Connectivity Basic Network The primary network connectivity in DESS consists of node points which are connected by lines The electricity is supplied by a source element and flow on the lines is controlled by switch elements Source Element Switch Element Direction of Flow The direction of flow on the system is determined dynamically by the arrangement of nodes lines sources and switches There is no need to explicitly specify the direction of 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 37 3 2 4 flow For this reason you don t have to specify how lines are oriented and you can create a line by drawing from node A to node B or from B to A it doesn t matter Likewise when you change the status of a switch open to
189. oads Change Scaling Factor This option changes the Scaling Factor for the load sets in normal load elments No changes are made to the actual load values This type of scaling does not affect fixed load elements Change Load Values This option changes the actual load values for each of the loads that are scaled Loads for each phase can be scaled individually OEE Goa Ga Type of Scaling Step Change Scaling Factor Each load set in a detailed load element has a field for load scaling This is a factor which can be used to modify a load without actually changing the data for the load magnitude This can be useful for applying temporary load scaling for example temporarily setting the scaling factor of a set of loads to 0 effectively removes those loads from the system Change Load Values This option lets you change the actual load magnitudes which are defined for a load Once these are changed it may not be easy or practical to reset them to their original values so 2008 Dromey Design Inc 220 DESS v6 User s Guide this option should be used with care Scale Loads Set Scaling Factor Modify the scaling value as shown below to scale each of the loads Replace existing scaling factor setting with new value Multiply existing scaling factors by the specified value Existing Values 6 LK EEE Gea Ga Set Scaling Factor Step This step is only shown if Change Scali
190. of 0 5 3 1j Ohms on a 27600V system Solution Zbase 27 6 27 6 100 7 6176 Ohms Z 0 5 3 1j Zbase 0 0656 0 4069j p u on 100 MVA Calculating Z1 from a 3 phase Fault MVA You can calculate the positive sequence impedance of a source from the 3 phase fault MVA at the source D Spase Jonn K Example At the source location you have a fault level of 2400MVA Solution Z1 100 2400 0417 p u on 100 MVA base You can assume that resistances are much smaller than reactances estimate 20 1 ratio so X1 Z1 0417 pu on 100 MVA base R1 X1 20 002 p u on 100 MVA base 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 53 Calculating Z1 from 3 phase Fault Current You can calculate the positive sequence impedance from the 3 phase fault current at the source In the following equation Sbase is in units of MVA Vpp is in kV and Ifault is in units of kA FA KO lp u EI d fault Example At the source of a system the voltage is 45100V and the 3 phase fault current is 8400A Solution Z1 100 1 732 45 1 8 4 1524 p u on 100 MVA base Calculating Z0 from Phase Ground Fault Current You can calculate the zero sequence impedance from the phase ground fault current at the source In the following equation Sbase in in units of MVA Vpp is in kV and Ifault is in units of kA V3S _ base Lopu g V I ow oo ee a pp fault Example At the source the voltage is 45100V the phase
191. of a generator Note that for a synchronous machine the voltage regulation will change the actual VAR output as described below If you want to specify an exact VAR output for a synchronous generator set both voltage regulation VAR limits Min kVAr and Max kVAr to the desired reactive power The following table describes the meaning of P and Q for different types of machines 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 161 Synchronous Machine Induction Machine e o e kW power kW power consumed at kW power consumed nominal voltage Constant current at other voltages Initial value for kVAr generated by kVAr used by induction machine at nominal machine Final value determined by voltage Constant impedance at other terminal voltage and Min kVAr and Max voltages kVAr limits Current Multiple The multiple of the rated kVA that the motor uses at start up This is used for Motor Starting analyses to determine the maximum voltage drop For motors without any kind of soft start this may be in the range of 5 6 Different types of soft starting such as starting capacitors or low voltage starting can significantly reduce this value Power Factor The power factor of the motor during start up This is used for Motor Starting analyses to determine the maximum voltage drop For a motor without any type of soft start this may be as low as 15 2 Voltage Regulation For synchronous machines these values specif
192. of these months The Season Type Reference Data Dialog is available in the Reference Guide section of this help manual Load Component Reference Data Load components represent a portion of a load represented by a load category Load components have specific electrical characteristics and a defined load curve shape They let you define a part of a load category in more detail if you have available information Typical load components for a residential load category might represent items like lighting load heating load refrigeration load etc Load components are part of the load modeling used in DESS Data for a load component includes the 24 hour load curve along with the electrical characteristics of the load such as power factor response to voltage and cold load pickup characteristics The Load Component Reference Data Dialog is used to edit this data Load Category Reference Data Load categories define the characteristics of a type of load in DESS and contain the core data for load modeling Each load element in DESS references a load category Typical load categories include residential commercial and categories for specific industrial customers Load categories let you define different properties for loads for any combination of week types and season types This lets you define load variation over the course of a week and over the course of a year There are three types of properties you can define in a load category Lo
193. ol is located at the top left of the docking window You can make a copy of a currently selected reference item using the icon one to the right of the add new reference data button You can delete a currently selected item by selecting it and pressing the red X You can bring up an item s properties by selecting it and pressing the far right button You can also double click on an item to bring up its properties dialog 150 DESS v6 User s Guide 5 3 3 Select Docking Window The select Docking Window contains information about every node or line that is currently selected Selected Ke o Nodes 128 y Lines 123 Al 397 96 36 wv 398 36 35 Al 399 35 34 wv 400 97 98 wv 401 98 10 WA 102 98 104 wv 403 100 31 wv 404 103 13 gv 405 101 1 wv 406 101 6 wv 407 6 32 wv 408 32 14 gv 409 33 101 wv 410 33 10 vv 411 102 33 a 412 34 10 wv 414 90 92 wv 415 93 90 wv 416 23 93 yw 417 23 99 wv 418 99 10 yw 419 103 1 yw 420 105 1 A 421 19 10 H II ett ad Lo a o n o a From this window currently selected nodes and lines are displayed You can refresh the selected list at any time by clicking on the green refresh sign in the top left of the docking window This contains the ID s of all of the currently selected nodes and lines By double clicking on any of these ID s your screen will automatically center on the selected node This is also
194. on new transformers or those where exact load data is unavailable See the Create Loads dialog Options This command brings up the Options Dialog which allows you to set a range of options that affect all systems opened in DESS This includes general display options as well as settings for ranges for each type of result display 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 141 5 1 7 Themes Menu Items on the Themes menu are used to control how nodes and lines are displayed on the map When you are editing a system a default theme is used for nodes and lines For example you may have one symbol for transformers and others for closed and open switches Likewise you may have different line styles for different voltages different phasing and overhead vs underground After running an analysis there may be additional items added to the Themes menu which provide additional views of map items depending on results from the analysis Standard items on the Themes menu are Default Appearance This command brings up a list of different sub areas where you can edit the default appearance of your system There are three different items which you can select from this menu Line Style Rules Node Style Rules and Label Style Rules Node Style Rules This command helps you to set up the default theme for nodes This includes the styles to use for nodes depending on the properties of the nodes and the properties of any att
195. or lines For this reason most commands are unavailable unless you have selected one or more items Please note that because many of the commands on this menu make bulk changes to your system often it is not possible to use the Undo command to reverse the effects of the changes Move Between Layers This command allows you to move a selected set of nodes and lines from one voltage layer to another You might use this to simulate a voltage upgrade of a section of system to a higher voltage level See the Move Between Layers dialog for more information Change Phasing This allows you to change the phasing of a selected set of nodes and lines You would typically use this to simulate the effects of changing the tap on a transformer or a single phase spur It makes changes to the phasing of lines loads regulators and capacitors on the affected section See Change Phasing for more details 2008 Dromey Design Inc 140 DESS v6 User s Guide Change References This very powerful and useful command allows you to make changes to the reference data for selected nodes or lines For example you can use it to change the conductor type for a set of lines or to change one type of distribution transformer to another within a selected set of data It also allows you to see how frequently different types of reference data are used in selected parts of your system The following reference data can be affected conductor ty
196. or the melt curve and one for the clear curve For relays and reclosers you can enter data for each protective curve element For each of these you can enter either a series of curves for different settings or equations which define the set of curves The Protection Type Reference Data Dialog is available in the Reference Guide section of this help manual 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 59 3 6 Load Modeling The actual behavior of a real customer load is very complex Load modeling is the method used to represent a customer load for analysis so that the real load variation can be approximated Without any load modeling load values would need to be represented purely by kW and kVAr and the power voltage relationship These values would represent a single set of conditions of the system such as annual peak Furthermore these values would be difficult to obtain as they don t relate to data that a distribution utility usually gathers DESS models loads by using load categories and load elements Load elements contain data for the magnitude of the load The load category contains detailed information relating to electrical characteristics and variation over time for the type of load For example a load for a transformer supplying houses in a subdivision could be represented by a load element containing the kWh billing values for all attached customers for each season the load magnitude and a Residen
197. or where the voltage drop between the regulator and the desired control point is equal to the specified values Real Voltage The p u real voltage drop between the regulator location and the desired control location Reactive Voltage The p u reactive voltage drop between the regulator location and the desired control location 5 4 1 9Source Element Dialog Description This dialog is used for entering data for a source element It is accessed from the Node Dialog by adding a source element or double clicking on an already created source element Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 175 BI Source Data ID 0 Node 104 Paper Recycler Voltage 4160 Vv Angle 0 Degrees impedances fu on 100MVA Maximum R Positive Sequence 0 Negative Sequence 9 0 Zero Sequence Controls ID This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the source element Node This is the ID number of the node that the source element is attached to Voltage Actual voltage supplied from the source in volts This will typically be different than the nominal voltage of the layer containing the source node Angle Source angle with respect to the arbitrary zero degrees You would use a non zero source angle if you had two or more sources with a measurable difference in supply voltage angle This would allow you to model the effect of closing a switch between the two regions supp
198. orking as desired 5 4 5 5Line Dialog Description 2008 Dromey Design Inc 240 DESS v6 User s Guide This dialog is used to edit data for a line branch connected between two nodes You can access this data by double clicking on a line on the map or from the Node Dialog Appearance Z Line Data_ 1192 136 132 8M1 72 4 336 komil Al 44000V 3ph O H 1062 984 m Ge _ Controls ID The unique ID of the line This is assigned automatically Node 1 The node at the start of the line Node 2 The node at the end of the line The order of Node 1 and Node 2 are unimportant for connectivity Name User assigned name of the branch if desired Phasing The phasing of the line Conductor The type of conductor for this section of line Use the button to bring up the Find Conductor Dialog This makes it easier to find a specific type 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 241 Length The length of the line section By default this is populated with the length as measured on the map You can override it if you are creating a schematic non geographically accurate map or if you want to represent the extra length associated with lines that have a vertical component i e up a pole 5 4 5 6Save Result Dialog Description This dialog helps you specify the specific data and format for outputting the results of an analysis It is accessed from File gt
199. ormer elements can be created by first selecting the terminal nodes 2 nodes on different layers for a normal two winding transformer or 3 nodes on 2 or 3 different layers for a three winding transformer You can select more than one node at a time by holding down the CTRL key while you click on a node Then click on the Create Power Transformer toolbar button to create the new transformer To edit the transformer data bring up the Node Dialog for the high voltage node of the transformer This will bring up the Power Transformer Element Dialog described in detail in the Reference Guide Protection Element Protection elements are used to represent devices that have time current curves and are used for protection This includes fuses relays reclosers etc Protection elements are often associated with a switch element so that the device can be represented as openable Protection elements allow you to specify settings on protection devices defined in the protection reference data For example a protection element representing a relay would let you choose which curve elements to use e g extremely inverse and instantaneous and set the CT ratio tap and time dial settings Creating in DESS You create protection elements from the Node Dialog This will bring up the Protection Element Dialog described in the Reference Guide This is the only element that can exist on the same node as a switch 2008 Dromey Design Inc 50 DESS
200. ou have a better understanding of how to use the software How To This section contains a series of tutorials designed to assist in completing various common tasks Reference Guide The reference guide describes each menu and toolbar command and provides detailed help for each dialog you will find in DESS Hint A ere you see the friendly electron in an orange box like this one it is either kl a useful comment or a time saving hint It is usually a good idea to read these notices 2008 Dromey Design Inc Introduction 5 1 1 DESS 6 What is DESS DESS Distribution Engineering Simulation Software is an integrated software package for the design analysis and management of electrical distribution systems A full complement of analysis modules provide the capability to analyze load flows perform switching optimization load balancing transformer loading and size optimization and short circuit analyses DESS allows you to create a detailed computer model of your distribution system which can be used for design and analysis Given the configuration and loading for your system you can use DESS to optimize your system determine structural weaknesses and test the effects of new configurations and system additions DESS is designed to allow open access to data and easy integration with your existing systems If you have relevant data in a database CAD system GIS system or SCADA system it can be
201. output file It is accessed from the View gt Save Map to File command The map can be saved in JPG GIF PNG BMP and TIFF formats Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 258 DESS v6 User s Guide Save Map To Fil Coordinates of Map Minimum X 533273 30253313 EE Sigi S xs t Maximum X 1534343 7603801 Minimum Y 4667735 7770248 i D TT TT Maximum Y 4668792 7911312 Output File Size pixels Width 637 Height 629 Controls Coordinates of Map By default the four coordinates display the current map view However you can modify these if you want to output a specific part of the map e g if you want to create a series of map les Output File Size You can determine the size of the output file Note that the aspect ratio of the output is determined by the selected coordinates so changing the width of the output will automatically change the height and vice versa Note that symbols and line sizes are shown in constant pixel sizes This means that the relative size of symbols will be smaller on large output sizes and symbols will be relatively larger and more crowded on small output sizes Show Preview This fills the preview window so you can confirm the shape and location of the output Click this button to choose the type and name of the output graphics file Options include PNG JPG GIF TIFF and BMP file formats PNG is a good choic
202. own to lower voltages see Connecting Layers You need one electrical layer for each separate nominal voltage on your system For example if you have a distribution system that is fed from a 110kV transmission system which contains equipment at 22kV and 11kV you would have one electrical layer for the 22kV equipment and one for the 11kV equipment You may also have one more for the 110kV equipment if you choose to model it and another for 220V LV equipment if need choose to model the LV You must create an electrical layer before you can add any nodes or lines or elements Note that the voltage of an electrical layer is the nominal voltage and not the actual supply voltage You can set the actual supply voltage using the source element Use the Layers tab of the docking window to add delete and edit properties for electrical layers and to change the layer visibility More information regarding electrical layer properties is available in Layer Properties in the How To Section of this help system One of the electrical layers is always set as the active layer for adding new nodes new lines and region selections Hint All voltages in DESS are phase phase voltages So a 22kV electrical layer would gt contain both 22kV phase phase equipment and 12 7kV phase ground single phase equipment Background Layers Background layers in DESS are used to represent dumb maps such as street maps land parcels or text and annotations The
203. per conductor Aluminum aluminum or aluminum alloy conductor ACSR aluminum core steel reinforced conductor Steel steel stranded or solid connection busbar 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 179 Nominal Voltage The nominal phase phase voltage of the layer where this type of conductor will be used This is not necessarily the same as the rated voltage of a cable For example if you had a cable that is rated at 15kV but is being used at 13 8kV you would enter 13800 here Overhead Line Underground Cable Choose whether this represents an overhead conductor bundle or an underground cable Cross Section Cross sectional area of the phase conductor Note The data for description material nominal voltage overhead underground and o cross section is only used for descriptive purposes and for purposes of showing themes and performing queries These data items have no actual effect on analysis calculations Positive Sequence Impedance Zero Sequence Impedance The positive and sequence impedance of the conductor bundle or cable in ohms km These values implicitly include the effects of conductor size neutral size and conductor spacing For single phase lines the zero sequence impedance should equal the positive sequence impedance Charging Capacitance The kVAr equivalent of the capacitance per km per phase This effect is more prevalent at higher voltages proportional to the square of the volta
204. pes transformer types load seasons load categories protection types See Change References Import References This command lets you copy reference data items from another DESS system into the current DESS system You may want to do this when creating a new system from scratch or to import predefined items such as protection data into your system See the Import References dialog SCADA Measurement Data Use this dialog to manage and edit data files which are used to store SCADA measurement data for use with the SCADA load flow analysis See the Edit SCADA Measurement dialog for more details Load Scaling The Load Scaling dialog lets you modify the size of the loads within load elements on a selected set of nodes You can choose to either modify the actual load values or just to modify the scaling factor within the element You can scale selected loads by season and by load category Import Loads This command lets you import load data from an external database typically exported from a billing system It works by matching up data in the external database with loads in DESS and importing the defined values You do not need the external data to be ina predefined format as long as the data is present See the Import Loads dialog Create Loads Use this command to create new load elements in DESS whose size is proportional to a distribution transformer present on the same node This is useful for setting default loading
205. problem for analysis This includes closed loops or de energized disconnected nodes and lines Warning This means that the item may or may not be an error but that questionable values or situations may causes problems for analysis This includes very high transformer losses bad phasing across a switch etc Error This means your system currently does not operate correctly because of a specific modeling problem and that the problem must be corrected before you can successfully run an analysis This includes bad connectivity bad phasing e g red phase load on a single phase blue phase line bad transformer data 3 phase transformer on a single phase line etc Themes Reports Help BIS MAAS st6KW GC eg d d Electrical Layers 6d 13 8 kV ER Background Laye 6 LandBase Description Items Affected 30 disconnected nodes in system Phasing of connected lines cannot supply element Node 49 Phasing of connected lines cannot supply element Node 49 Phasing of connected lines cannot supply element Node 49 Distribution transformer has incorrect voltage rating for layer to which it is atta Node 39 Distribution transformer has incorrect voltage rating for layer to which it is tt Node 13 Distribution transformer has incorrect voltage rating for layer to which it is atta Node 11 Width 3332 7m Here are some deliberately created errors as an example 2008 Dromey Design In
206. py of DESS 2008 Dromey Design Inc Introduction 9 A Simple Concept Despite its complicated appearance DESS is remarkably simple to use You can make your system as complicated or simple as you want DESS simply provides the means to do so How Does DESS Represent A System Nodes Lines and Layers Nodes are any points of importance in DESS such as a junction a line end or a piece of electrical equipment Electrical items such as switches loads or transformers are called Elements and are listed below under Elements Each node and line is contained ona particular electrical layer All lines and nodes on that layer have the same nominal voltage specified by that particular electrical layer A layer can be visualized as a flat two dimensional plane with a series of nodes on it These points are connected by lines Different layers can be connected together electrically by power transformers In this way layers allow a system to represent the different voltages in a system and at the same time group all of the nodes and lines particular to one voltage This allows DESS to implement many useful functions and features regarding layers as groups of nodes and lines 2008 Dromey Design Inc 10 DESS v6 User s Guide E 13 8 kV layer ES 4 16 kV layer N Lines Power Trans Figure 1 Systems in DESS can be virtually represented by a series of connected two dimensional planes These
207. red range This is sometimes called a de clutter feature Choose Off or Zoom to prevent the display of layers you are not currently interested in viewing Minimum Zoom The minimum width of the map display in meters at which you want the map to be displayed Typically set to 0 so that the layer is always displayed when zoomed in closely Visibility must be set to Zoom to use this setting Maximum Zoom The maximum width of the map display in meters at which you want the map to be 2008 Dromey Design Inc 238 DESS v6 User s Guide displayed Typically set to a fraction of the entire system width so that the layer is not displayed when zoomed out to display everything Selectable Check this box if you want to be able to select items on this layer with the mouse It is turned off by default on background layers Transparency You can choose from a continuous range from solid to invisible Setting non critical layers to be partially transparent can help make other key information stand out 5 4 5 4Node Dialog Description This dialog is used to edit data for nodes and is also used to add edit and delete elements on anode You can access this dialog by double clicking on a node on the DESS map Appearance ID 104 Layer 4 16kV Name Paper Recycler Description 441 Ext ID Attached Elements Type ID Description Capacitor Elem 1 Fixed 100 100 100 kVAr Load Element 1263 18 Fixed
208. rence List This list shows all possible types of reference data that you can change through this tool Clicking on a different type of data updates the other lists as described below Items Being Used Replacement Items List This list shows all reference data items of the selected type which were found in the currently selected nodes and lines If you select an item in this list and then choose an item from available items the Replacement Items part of the list is updated to show the change You can select replacements for any number of reference data items and for any type of reference data Available Items List This list shows all reference data defined in the current DESS system of the specified type 2008 Dromey Design Inc 212 DESS v6 User s Guide OK When you click OK the currently selected nodes and or lines will be updated to reflect the replacement choices you made in the center list Due to the nature of these changes you cannot reverse this change using the Undo command 9 4 3 4Import References Dialog Description This tool lets you import reference data items such as transformers conductors etc and node and line styles from another DESS system so you don t have to recreate this data in the current system This tool is available from Tools gt Import References menu Appearance Select items or types of items to import into the current system Select items from the list on the left and
209. rmer represents a typical transformer used to supply customers and is used in DESS where you do not want to model the lines and connections on the secondary side of the transformer If you need to model the secondary side use a power transformer element The only information required for a distribution transformer element is the type of transformer Most of the technical parameters are defined in the associated transformer reference data Most distribution systems contain a large number of distribution transformers to supply customers In North American designed systems the number of transformers can be as high as one per 4 customers 6 10 typical In European systems less transformers are used because of the more extensive and higher voltage secondaries Distribution transformers contribute to the total system losses in two ways First series losses are caused by losses in the windings and increase as the loading of the transformer increases Secondly magnetizing losses sometimes called no load or shunt losses are caused by losses in the transformer core and are virtually constant they do vary slightly with voltage You can use DESS to identify these losses and try options for reducing them Creating in DESS You create distribution transformers from the Node Dialog This will bring up the Distribution Transformer Element Dialog described in the Reference Guide A distribution transformer element can be put on the same node as load element
210. rt of the year the load in this field applies to Season This list is the heart of the load import configuration process The Field column shows all fields in the database or file being imported The Data Type column shows what type of data the field contains Initially all fields will be set to None the Details column shows details of the match for the particular field Data Type When a row of the Load Data Fields is selected use this control to specify the contents of 2008 Dromey Design Inc 224 DESS v6 User s Guide the import field The possible choices are None the field does not contain any data relevant to load import Link the field is used to link a row of the load import data to a specific node in DESS You can link by node ID name or description Linking the external data to a matching node Name is the most common way to match data You must define exactly one field as a Link field Load the field contains actual load data For a load field you must define the period which the load represents For example you may have four fields which each represent a season or there may be a single field containing load data representing the entire year You must define one or more Load fields Unit the field contains values which define different load units for different rows of data For example if you have data which defines some loads as kWh and others as kVA peak then you ca
211. running this analysis matches the configuration on the system when the SCADA values were obtained If this is not the case erroneous scaling and results will result Capacitor Optimization The capacitor optimization helps you determine where to place capacitors on your system in order to reduce losses and improve the voltage and power factor of specific feeders As parameters for the analysis you specify the size of the banks you want to use and the maximum number of banks you want to place You can choose to find the best location for banks across the entire system or only on selected parts of the system Use the node selection tools in DESS to select either a feeder a complete voltage layer or any area you want to limit capacitors placement to You can also choose whether you want to optimize capacitor placement for a specific condition i e peak load or to run a series of load flows representing loading throughout a full year and optimize capacitors for energy savings throughout the season Switched Capacitors If you choose to optimize capacitors for a full year you have the choice of whether to use switched capacitors Switched capacitors are useful for two reasons First they can help improve the power factor under heavy load conditions while avoiding a leading power factor under light conditions Secondly they can help improve voltages under heavy loading while avoiding over voltage conditions under light loading In practice
212. s including opening only partial phases to simulate emergency or maintenance switch operations 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 117 4 19 Finding Nodes One frequently used tool in DESS is the Find Node dialog This tool allows you to find any node that currently exists in the system The Find Node dialog can be accessed from the main menu by clicking on Query gt Find Node To use this dialog you use one of three different tabs on the top of the dialog to select which method you wish to use to locate a node Hint E In certain cases a fourth tab becomes available the map tab This allows you to pan and zoom on a representation of the map view so that you can locate the node which you wish to find Finding Nodes by ID Finding nodes by using the Find by ID tab is an easy way to locate the nodes which you are looking for if you know the ID number assigned to the node by DESS To look for a single node you first have to click on the radio button with the text Find a single node ID Then type in the ID of the node that you are looking for To look for more than one node select the second radio button the one that has the text Find a range of node IDs In this view you type in the numerical ID of the lowest node you wish displayed in the text box which says From In the second text box where it says To you enter the number of the highest ID which you want displayed 2008 Dromey Design Inc
213. s and the number of loads which will be affected Please confirm that you are scaling the desired loads by the desired amount as you cannot Undo this operation 5 4 3 7import Load Dialog Description This dialog is used to define how to import load element data from an external database or tabular data file By defining the meaning of each column in the import data you can determine how the data will be imported This dialog is accessed from Tools gt Import Load Loads can be imported from the following types of data MS Access database MS Excel spreadsheet comma separated value CSV text file and DBase IV database file Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 223 Define the meaning of the fields in the load import table In the table below click on the row for each field and then using the controls to the right define the type of data it contains and the details for that data You must define one field as a link field and at least one field as load data Other types of data are optional Load Data Fields Field Data Type Node Link Load Load Load Load Details Link Type Name Load Period Spring Load Period Summer Load Period Fall Load Period Winter Existing Loads Delete all loads in system Delete existing load data on nodes 2 where new data is imported Keep all existing system load data Controls Load Data Fields e lead Choose which pa
214. s or capacitor elements Before you create a distribution transformer the type of transformer you want to create must already exist in the reference data If you put a distribution transformer on the same node as a load element the load is assumed to be connected to the low voltage side of the transformer Load Element Loads elements in DESS represent customer loads A load elements lets you specify the magnitude of the load for one or more periods of the year along with the load category The load category e g residential commercial contains the key parameters and curves which determine the electrical characteristics of the load and how the load varies over the year A load on a node may represent the aggregation of multiple loads of a given type e g the total load from a number of residential customers connected to the same transformer If a distribution transformer is defined on the same node as the load the load element represents the aggregated load from all customers and secondary losses attached to the low voltage side of the transformer 2008 Dromey Design Inc 48 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 4 4 You can have more than one load element on a node Typically you would do this to represent different types of load such as residential and commercial that might be connected to the same transformer Creating in DESS You create load elements from the Node Dialog This will bring up the Load Element D
215. s up the standard Find Node dialog so you can search for nodes by ID name 2008 Dromey Design Inc 216 DESS v6 User s Guide list or from a map Units Choose the measurement units You can choose from Amps kW and kVAr kVA or kW and power factor A B C Enter the actual measurement values at the selected location 5 4 3 6Load Scaling Dialog Description This tool lets you change the magnitude of the load on a group of selected nodes To use it first select all nodes you want to scale using any of the selection tools then choose Tools gt Load Scaling A dialog will be displayed which will guide you through the steps of determining which loads to scale and how to scale them Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 217 Choose Loads Choose which nodes to consider for load scaling Selected Nodes Scale loads on currently selected nodes 345 D Entire System Scale all loads in system Choose Loads Step Selected Nodes Choose this option to scale loads on only those nodes that are currently selected The number of selected nodes is shown in the description If no nodes are currently selected this option is disabled and you can only scale loads for the entire system Entire System Choose this option to scale loads on the entire system 2008 Dromey Design Inc 218 DESS v6 User s Guide Scale Loads Load Types
216. sacstassinassasssaastidsinaiassinaadcadnariacsanaiiiinaeeieaeis 131 BT IR dE TR 131 loBa BA it MOU rie geseet uge EENS selected ed 133 E el a E EE 135 BTA VIGW dE UE 137 BL Analysis Men eege eege Eege 138 51 6 TOONS Neng ee eege 139 Bt Themes Mentee eege ENEE 141 EAR ele CHE UE 142 5 19 lel pp Meni seire aR AE EEA RA 142 5 2 POOIDAR Age 143 2 1 Toolbar Commande a a se e e eee pe a aaea A aa e a e eaae aaa eieaa 143 5 22 T00lbar TOONS ecr aE ees E EE cceeeeni 144 5 3 Docking WiNdOWS sssssnssnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn 146 5 3 1 Layer Docking WindOW ssssssssssuunnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn nnmnnn nnna 146 5 3 2 Reference Data Docking Window c seccceseeeceeeeseeeeeeesneeeeeenseeeeeeenneeeeeenees 148 5 3 3 Select Docking Window ccccccesceeseeeeeeeeeeeseeseseeeeeeeeeeseaeeenseeeeeeeeseseenenseaeess 150 Bi EI EEEE 151 5 4 1 Element Data Dialogs cccssecccceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeesneeeeeesseeeseenseeeeeeenseeneeenens 152 5 4 1 1 Capacitor Element Dialog 153 5 4 1 2 Distribution Transformer Dialog 154 5 4 123 Load Element Dialog ccs cccnccessacatvniveeseewestcewencautewcsntenceusctensdesetedeavenedebeneteveevnedarenterees 156 Load S t Dial eg 19 eeh dean eben Medea ee 157 5 4 1 4 Motor Generator Dialog 159 5 4 1 5 Power Transformer Element Dialog 162 5 4 1 6 Protection Element Dialog 167 Relay Setting Dialog EE 169 5 4 1 7
217. sconnected Note that this will deselect any previously selected nodes or lines 2008 Dromey Design Inc 128 DESS v6 User s Guide Show Loops This tool available as Query gt Show Loops shows all of the current closed loops in your system f Hl Closed Loops 2 Select an item from the list to show a sie the Show All Loops button to show all loops and close this form 234 2 0012 34 nodes 31 lines 254 2 0041 39 nodes 36 lines V Update map view to show selected loop s This tool constantly updates and you can edit the map view with the dialog open More information on this tool is available in Reference Guide gt Other Dialogs gt Show Loops Dialog 2008 Dromey Design Inc Part Reference Guide 130 DESS v6 User s Guide Reference Guide The reference guide provides detailed information on using DESS It includes Menus Toolbar Docking Windows Dialogs Element Data Dialogs Reference Data Dialogs Tool Dialogs Analysis Dialogs Other Dialogs 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 131 5 1 5 1 1 Menus Most commands in DESS are available from the main menu File Edit Query View Analysis Tools Themes Reports Help Each of the menus contains commands which are related in one way or another File for opening and saving system data and results Edit for editing and deleting data
218. scription or a combination of both 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 119 Find by ID Find by Name All Nodes Enter all or part of the node s name and or description and then push the Search button Name 3 0013 Description ID Description 17 1203 Et ID Searching for nodes using a name or description All of the nodes in the system whose name or description field contain the criteria will appear in the list box below the search button For example if you entered St for Name all nodes containing St anywhere in their Name field would be listed You can click on Name ID or Description to sort the entire list by that column You can click on a column heading again to reverse the sorting order eg ascending to descending You can double click on any node in the list box to close the Find Node dialog and center the map view on that node which will be selected Finding Using All Nodes This is the simplest of all the node location tabs This view simply displays every node that exists in the system in a list organized in descending order of numeric ID You can click on Name ID or Description to sort the entire list by that column You can click on a column heading again to reverse the sorting order eg ascending to descending Like the other two methods of locating nodes when you double click on any one of these nodes you close the Find Node dialog and center the map view on that
219. se layers do not contain any DESS data but they are useful for showing context for the electrical data When viewing and editing your data it can be helpful to see streets and landmarks Background maps are always shown behind 2008 Dromey Design Inc 42 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 3 3 or underneath electrical layers Another use of background layers is during data entry When entering data manually you can display a dumb map of your electrical system maybe created by a CAD system as a background layer and then trace over it to create data on electrical layers Use the Layers tab of the docking window to add delete and edit properties for background layers and to change the layer visibility This is done using the Background Layers Dialog Map Data Formats DESS can view maps stored in 3 common formats e TAB MapInfo TAB format files e DXF AutoCAD text interchange format e SHP ESRI shape file If you have maps in other formats ie AutoDesk DWG Bentley Intergraph etc it is usually possible to convert this data to one of the listed formats Please contact Dromey Design if you require assistance Hint If you are having trouble displaying a background map in one of the listed formats or the map appears in a different location than your system data or gt another map layer the problem may be that the map is stored in a different coordinate system Some examples of coordinate systems are latitude
220. series losses are around 1 4 of the total power supplied to the system 2008 Dromey Design Inc 66 DESS v6 User s Guide The analysis lets you choose whether to optimize existing switch locations only or whether to perform a complete optimization regardless of existing switches If you choose a complete optimization new open points may be placed at locations where there is not currently a switch This can provide slightly improved loss reduction but at the cost of installing new switches Algorithms There are two choices for optimization algorithm The default hill climbing algorithm runs substantially faster and in practice provides good results It also allows you to specify a limited number of switch changes to make It will recommend the most important potential changes The simulated annealing algorithm runs substantially more slowly may take hours on a large system but given a sufficiently high accuracy parameter it should theoretically provide the best overall configuration The drawback besides the speed is that this version of the analysis cannot prioritize switch changes It may recommend changes that have only a very small effect in practice Effects Besides reducing losses the optimization algorithm tends to flatten the voltage profile of a system so that the range of voltages along a feeder is reduced For this reason the optimization analysis is best used before considering the use of capacitor
221. ssociated with 2 or 3 nodes Only certain types of element can coexist together on a single node Sources motor generators reactors and regulators must all be the only element on a node Loads distribution transformers and capacitors can all exist together on a node Switches and protective devices can also coexist Elements are usually added edited and deleted from the Node Dialog Capacitor Distribution Transformer Load Motor Generator Reactor Regulator Source Switch Protection To add an element you generally use the node dialog The different types of elements are e Capacitor capacitor bank e Distribution Transformer low voltage transformer e Load customer load 2008 Dromey Design Inc 46 DESS v6 User s Guide 3 4 1 e Motor Generator motor or generator e Power Transformer substation transformer e Protection protection device e Reactor series reactor e Regulator voltage regulator e Source supply point swing bus e Switch sectioning point Capacitor Element A capacitor element represents a capacitor bank and is attached to a node You can specify the size of the capacitors in kVAr for each phase and whether the bank is fixed or switched If it is switched you can specify how the bank is controlled e g VAR control voltage control power factor control Capacitors are used to reduce the reactive load on the system Reactive loads
222. sult data as Tab Separated Text and Copy to Clipboard You can then use the Paste function in your favorite spreadsheet e g Excel or Open Office If you currently have a section of your system selected before you use this tool and you choose to export line or node data then the bottom options will become available You can have all of the nodes or lines information exported or you could have only the area which is currently selected Close a Result If you no longer need the result which is currently open in your system then you can close it returning your system to its normal state by using the command File gt Close Result This will remove any themes associated with the results and remove any extra tooltip information on the nodes and lines 2008 Dromey Design Inc Part How to 72 DESS v6 User s Guide How to This section of the help manual is designed to help you perform common tasks related to DESS The articles are organized from basic features to more advanced eg zooming and panning will come before checking for errors In order This section contains Zooming and Panning Selecting Creating a Node Creating a Line Deleting Nodes and Lines Moving a Node Editing Node and Line Properties oOo N OO FP WD Modifying Elements 9 Creating and Deleting Layers 10 Using Layer Properties 11 Moving Between Layers 12 Creating a Power Transformer 13 Undo and Redo 14 Using
223. switched capacitors are usually most useful for controlling voltage concerns Leading Power Factor Load on a power system usually has a lagging power factor meaning that loads require reactive power support from the source the exceptions being synchronous motors and generators Adding capacitors will reduce the amount of reactive power required from the source If larger capacitors are added it may create a leading power factor in the area just 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 65 3 7 8 3 7 9 upstream of the capacitor bank For example a capacitor bank which is adequately sized to correct reactive flow at peak load may generate enough VARs to create a leading power factor under light load conditions Generally this is not a problem as the reduced reactive flow will still be a net benefit due to higher reactive flows further up the feeder Voltage Problems When using capacitor banks it is important to be aware of the effect on system voltages Capacitor banks tend to increase voltages along a feeder For long weak feeders this voltage rise may be unacceptable under light load conditions A strong compact system typical urban system can more easily accommodate capacitors without introducing voltage problems Phase Balancing The phase balancing analysis is designed to balance the load on parts of the system that contain substantial numbers of single phase loads and single phase spurs It works by fin
224. system with closed loops in the circuit the nature of up and downstream are no longer unique and a custom trace may not give the expected results Also this command will not work on a circuit if there is no connectivity at the point where you start the trace If you have no connectivity you can still use the Network Trace command Network Trace This command traces all nodes and lines which are physically connected to the currently selected node or line on the same electrical layer For example you can use this command to select all feeders supplied from a given substation transformer or you can use it to select a contiguous group of disconnected nodes Find Node This brings up the Find Node Dialog which allows you to find a node by ID Name or Description Show Disconnected This command will select all disconnected nodes or lines in the system Disconnected nodes and lines are cut off from any power supply and are not energized This is a useful tool to use after making a number of edits in order to check the system is correctly configured Note that if you have disconnected items you will be given a warning when you run an analysis This warning can be ignored if you disconnected part of the system on purpose e g to represent de energized lines or feeders Show Loops 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 137 5 1 4 This command will select all closed loops in the system Closed loops may be the r
225. tains the analysis output You can explore these results by using the tooltips on the nodes or lines visually using node and line themes and as text by using reports You can save results ina variety of formats and close them when they are no longer needed Saving Results The results can be saved for future reference for export to a database or spreadsheet or use in a report To save the results simple select Save Results from the File menu This will bring up a dialog where you can select more specifically what you want to save the results as i Save Result Data 1 Choose Export Format 2 Choose Export Data Comma Separated Text Property data Tab Separated Text System data HTML Web Page Node data Line data Save To File Copy to Clipboard You can select what information you need to save using this dialog and what format to save it in The left list pane contains a list of formats which the results can be saved to You can only select one of these options You can also select whether you want the information copied to file or to the clipboard XML data is a popular format for exchange with other software Tab and comma delimited text are also useful for export to a database or spreadsheet The HTML web page useful 2008 Dromey Design Inc 70 DESS v6 User s Guide for viewing If you wish to copy result data to a spreadsheet the easiest way to do so is to save the re
226. tem files are typically saved with a dss xml file extension Save Result When a result is open after running an analysis you can save the raw result data to a number of different formats including text html and xml so it can be accessed and manipulated by other software You can also copy result data to the clipboard so that it can be pasted into other programs e g spreadsheets or databases The Save Result Dialog lets you specify what data to save and the format to use Close System 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 133 5 1 2 Closes the currently open system If the system has not been saved you will be asked whether you want to save the data first Close Result Closes the results for an analysis Once you close a result or run another analysis results from an analysis will no longer be available and are not automatically saved If you want to save result data either save the reports which are of interest to you or use the File gt Save Result command to save the data of interest Page Setup Set up options for printing the map currently displayed on the screen including paper size and margins Print Preview Preview how the printed output for the currently displayed map will appear Print Print the currently displayed view of the system Exit Close DESS If you have not saved your currently open system data you will be prompted whether or not to save before DESS clos
227. ter over the labeled tabs on the left of the screen the window corresponding to that tab will pop out When you move the mouse off of the window it will minimize again This is useful if you only use the docking window occasionally You can toggle between the two modes at will by pressing the thumbtack button in the upper right hand corner of the screen Hint Note that while the docking window is set to minimize while not in use you only gt need to place your cursor over the tab which you want to view you don t have to click on the tabs 2008 Dromey Design Inc 116 DESS v6 User s Guide 4 18 Changing Switches The status of switches can easily be changed in DESS Simply select the nodes containing the switches which you want changed and then press the change switch tool The Change Switch tool causes the switch to change status If any phase of the switch was open it is now closed and if it was closed it will be fully opened This tool is available on the toolbar You can only have switch nodes selected to use this tool You cannot switch any nodes unless every selected item is a switch The can change a mixture of open and closed switches together in a single operation x Change Switch Tool You can also change switch status from the switch element property dialog by double clicking a node containing a switch and then double clicking on the switch element You can then manually set the switch statu
228. that transforms power between two different electrical layers This element spans nodes each on a different layer and is used to provide electrical connectivity between higher and lower voltage layers These are used at substations or when modeling the secondary supply to individual customers in detail They can model either step up or step down transformers Protection These elements represent any type of protective device that has a time current characteristic such as a fuse relay or recloser Many devices such as a breaker would be represented by a switch element and a protection element The section of a system supplied from a single source is referred to as aregion A region will contain nodes and lines at one or more voltage levels As you open and close switches between sources the boundaries of the neighboring regions will change Frequently used data such as conductor types or load types are stored as reference data items so that you do not have to re enter all the properties each time you use this data This data forms a library of standard types that you can use in your system The following types of data are stored in reference data files Protection Types This represents the base definitions for the time current curves for protective devices such as relays fuses etc Conductors A conductor reference item contains information about the electrical characteristics of a conductor such as impedance capacitance ampacity
229. the currents can help you make sure that protection won t trip when starting a large motor Checking voltages will make sure that the voltages in the area of the motor are not reduced to such a degree that the motor cannot start or that other nearby equipment may be affected by the low voltages Annual Load Flow The annual load flow calculates the total energy provided and consumed including losses on a system throughout the year It works by calculating a series of load flows for each hour of the day for each distinct type of week and season defined in the load modeling The results of the annual load flow give the total energy provided by the system GWh as well as energy lost on lines and in transformers For each node in the system it calculates the maximum minimum and average voltage and for each line it calculates the maximum minimum and average current loading and losses Voltage Ranges The annual load flow can be useful in evaluating the voltage range under high and under light loading you can expect to see on different parts of the system Large voltage changes under different loading conditions can represent a weakness in the system and is often associated with power quality issues and difficulty backing up affected feeders in the event of an outage 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 63 3 7 5 3 7 6 Load Loss The load loss analysis calculates the increased loss due to an incremental incr
230. ther elements on them Then create the power transformer as follows You can then either select the Create Power Transformer tool from the toolbar the easiest method or you can access the Create Power Transformer Tool from the main menu via the command Edit gt Create Power Transformer 2008 Dromey Design Inc 104 DESS v6 User s Guide wy JD Create Power Transformer Once you do this the Power Transformer Dialog will appear and you can enter the information pertaining to the Power Transformer which was just created Feeder F1 Feeder F2 Feeder F3 Finished power transformer Symbols associated with power transformers are shown on the HV node of the transformer 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 105 4 14 Undo and Redo DESS 6 finally comes with undo and redo functionality Both the Undo and Redo buttons are located on the DESS toolbar and the Edit menu Undo Redo functionality is actually very simple to use You can press the undo button to undo a change which you have just made Similarly you can press the Redo button to re apply an action which you have undone This means that you can undo any mistakes that you might make The Undo Redo functionality applies to most actions performed in DESS with a few specific cases as exceptions If an action is not undo able then you will often be warned on the dialog or with a popup before you can complete that action The Undo Bu
231. tial load category which defines the load curves power factor etc for typical residential customers Customizing Load Categories By default DESS ships with load categories that represent residential commercial and industrial customers However the default categories may not accurately represent conditions on your system This is especially true of industrial loads which vary considerably depending on the type of industry the number of shifts worked etc You can create your own load categories by collecting load curves for common types of customer This can come from a number of sources such as SCADA data if you have a feeder supplying a homogenous type of load handheld digital meters and 15 minute metered data for larger typically industrial customers The data you collect may also contain power factor information Please contact support at Dromey Design if you have questions about how to make use of different load data sources Simple vs Detailed Modeling DESS allows you to model loads in great detail For example you can represent load changes from month to month variations across every day of the week consider both real and reactive load curves and use detailed modeling of load components However you do not have to model at this level of detail It is usually sufficient to model differences across four seasons only consider weekday and weekend differences and load components can be ignored completely if you don t have the
232. ties of layers so that the visibility of each layer is controlled separately There are two different ways to control the visibility the visibility setting and translucency Visibility There are three settings for the visibility e On layer is always visible e Off layer is never visible e Zoom layer is visible when the width of the screen is within the desired range You can use this setting to turn off electrical layers you are not currently interested in and to make background layers that only appear when the map is zoomed in This can help improve redraw performance A common use of the Zoom settings is to adjust background layers so that detailed data residential streets land parcels etc only appears when you are zoomed in and looking at a small section of system and that large scale data town boundaries etc only appear when you are zoomed out and looking and the entire system Transparency The properties for each layer also let you set the transparency of each layer You can choose from a continuous range from solid to invisible Setting non critical layers to be partially transparent can help make key information stand out 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 45 3 4 Elements Elements in DESS represent electrical items located at a point All plant items except nodes and lines are represented as elements All elements are attached to a single node except for a power transformer which is a
233. tion Element Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing data for a protective element This dialog is accessed from the Node Dialog by adding a protection element or double clicking on an already created protection element Appearance For relays and then for fuses 2008 Dromey Design Inc 168 DESS v6 User s Guide Protection Data_ Protection Data ID 0 Node 99 Device Type 1 IAC Standard Relay Relay Elements a x Phasing Type Operation Settings Con popes eeng of Phase Inverse Reclose IAC Extreme Inverse 200 5 TS a partially melted fuse Phase Inverse Lockout IAC Inverse 200 5 TS 1 TD 1 Time Current Curves Time Current Curves z a H H 8 8 100 1000 100 1000 Current amps Current amps OK ok Cancel Hint Unlike most data dialogs you can change the size of the Protection data dialog Put your mouse over the edge of the dialog and drag You can do this to make the graph bigger and easier to see General Controls ID This is the automatically assigned and unique ID number of the protection element Node This is the ID number of the node that the Protection element is attached to 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 169 Device Type Shows a list of protection reference devices fuses relays etc defined in the reference data Fuse Settings When a fuse is sele
234. tly Selected Items Object Type Motor Generator Element Object Property Regulator Setting Operation Query Property Controls Items to Query or Edit Select whether to query edit all items or just items associated with currently selected nodes and or lines Object Type The type of object to query or edit Choose the type of object you want to query a property of If you choose a type of reference data like Conductor or Transformer Reference the objects included in the query will be those associated with the nodes or lines selected in Items to Query Object Property The property to edit or query Only simple properties text numbers lists can be edited You cannot edit properties which are objects Operation What operation to perform The options are as follows Query query existing values For numerical values this will provide the max min average and sum For other types of property it will give you a list of values used and the number of times each is used Set New Value Edit the property value by settings a new value Multiply Current Value Multiply the existing value by a specified value E g multiply line 2008 Dromey Design Inc 250 DESS v6 User s Guide lengths by 1 1 to increase line lengths by 10 This option only applies to numerical properties Add to Current Value Add a fixed value to the existing property values E g add 01
235. to a particular system or set of data This dialog is accessed from the Tools gt Options menu Appearance 2008 Dromey Design Inc 228 DESS v6 User s Guide EI Results Map Background Color Themes vm ee J 255 255 e EI LoadAow Current Unbalance Loading Snap Distance for selecting nodes and lines Voltage Voltage Unbalance 5 sl piels amp Motor Starting Voltage Drop Optimization EI ShortCircuit Current V Auto Save make backup automatically a Set To Default Controls Option Page Tree The tree view shows all the different option pages for DESS arranged according to function Click on a page to show the specific options you can set on the right side of the dialog Headings that don t have associated settings are shown in gray Set To Default Set the options shown on the current options page back to their default values Options The right side of the dialog shows a specific set of options The specific controls will vary according to the type of options being set 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 229 5 4 4 Analysis Dialogs The following dialogs are associated with various analyses in DESS e Protection Coordination Dialog 5 4 4 1Protection Coordination Dialog Description This dialog is used to view the protection coordination for a particular node in the system All devices on or upstream of the sele
236. trical network which belongs to a particular electrical layer Nodes must be defined e At the end of a line e At line junctions e When a conductor changes e g underground overhead e Wherever elements e g transformers loads and switches are defined Nodes and lines in conjunction with switches define the connectivity of a system All electrical equipment and loads on the system are modeled as elements attached to nodes Lines are representations of the physical conductors that make up a distribution network i e feeders branches and spurs Lines e Begin and end at nodes e Cannot have nodes attached to them except at end points e have a consistent conductor type and phasing 24 DESS v6 User s Guide Load Modeling Element e Belong to a particular electrical layer Load modeling describes the data used to represent load changes under different conditions The load modeling in DESS allows you to model changes over the course of a day a week and a season It also allows you to model subcomponents of a load and model load changes with changing temperatures Elements represent the electrical equipment switches capacitors etc and loading loads motors on a network Elements are always attached to nodes In some cases more than one element can exist on a node The following types of elements are defined in DESS Source Source elements represent points of external supply to an electr
237. try and maintain nominal voltage on the secondary Deadband Automatic voltage regulator dead band This represents the size of change that is required to trigger a tap step change No tap change will occur while the difference between the node voltage and the Regulator Settings is less than the size of the deadband Typically the size of the deadband should be larger than the tap step size otherwise it may cause hunting where the tap setting becomes unstable and a load flow analysis cannot find a final solution Tertiary Winding is Regulated If you have a 3 winding transformer and the voltage regulation is based on the voltage at the tertiary winding check this box If the box is unchecked it is assumed that voltage regulation on a 3 winding transformer is based on the voltage at the secondary winding Line Drop Compensation Check this box to make use of line drop compensation for voltage regulation Line drop compensation is a way to make the voltage regulator act as if it is regulating a point downstream of the regulator where the voltage drop between the regulator and the desired 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 167 control point is equal to the specified values Real Voltage The p u real voltage drop between the regulator location and the desired control location Reactive Voltage The p u reactive voltage drop between the regulator location and the desired control location 5 4 1 6Protec
238. tton Le The Redo Button Hint You can use undo redo functionality to make changes and then run analyses and observe the results of those changes while not making any permanent change to the data file 2008 Dromey Design Inc 106 DESS v6 User s Guide 4 15 Using Tooltips Labels and the Legend When viewing your system there are several things which make it easier to identify and understand your system Three things are covered in this section The first of these is Tooltips second is Labels and finally Legends are covered Tooltips are text bubbles which appear when your cursor hovers over a node or line Labels are text names next to nodes and lines giving information about their properties The Legend is a guide on your screen which helps to identify different nodes and lines during analyses Tooltips Tooltips appear when you hover your mouse over a node or line These contain information such as a nodes ID Description Name and any elements currently on that node This allows you to easily identify nodes without having to open up their properties dialog Tooltips only appear if your mouse pointer is over top of a node or line for a short period of time up to 20 seconds There are no options that you need to set for tooltips After running an analysis extra result information may also be shown on the tooltips Node 186 2 0053 Description 1129 Ext ID Layer 4160V j Distribution Tra
239. uble click on any element or line in the node properties dialog to bring up that line s or element s properties dialog You can see each of these element dialogs in the Reference Guide In this dialog you can also type in the nodes name or a brief description to help identify it 2008 Dromey Design Inc 92 DESS v6 User s Guide Typically the Name field is used for key IDs such as transformer ID or switch ID The Description field can be used for anything else such as address customer name etc Lines The line properties dialog can be accessed in the same ways as that for the node You can double click on a line with the select tool or select the line and press the edit button The dialog can also be accessed through the Node Data Dialog E5 136 132 8M1 72 wb z 4 336 komil Al 44000V 3ph O H The Line Data Dialog contains the name of its two nodes its length ID phasing conductor and name You can edit the Name and Length by simply typing in the desired content The Phasing and Conductor are easily changed with a drop down menu The find icon to the right of the Conductor allows you to search for the conductor that you want using the Find Conductor Dialog 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 93 4 9 Creating and Modifying Elements Most elements are created from the node dialog although power transformers are created by other means Some elements cannot b
240. ution Transformer Add Delete Use the Add button to add new empty rules and the Delete button to remove unwanted rules Properties Tree This tree view is the heart of the custom rule ability Starting with a node object you add conditions which you want to specify You do this by right clicking on the tree item This will bring up a menu listing properties of the specified object and in the case of nodes will show types of elements which you want to exist on a node Click on a menu item to add that condition by setting the property in the Edit Property Dialog Add Delete Edit The add button brings up the pop up menu as shown same as right clicking on an item in the tree The Edit and Delete buttons let you edit or delete an existing selected item Properties for the item are shown in the Edit Property Dialog Style The Change button brings up the following Point Style dialog where you can set the actual appearance of a specific rule Font Name Symbol Font Name The name of the font containing the symbol you want to use DESS comes with a font called DESSSym that contains a number of common distribution system symbols You can also use standard symbol fonts such as Symbols and Wingdings or any other font 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 261 installed on your machine All of the default symbols shown are in the font provided DESSSym Symbol Pick the specific symbol
241. v6 User s Guide 3 4 7 3 4 8 3 4 9 Reactor Element This type of DESS element represents a series reactor These somewhat uncommon items are used to add an impedance to a line either to reduce voltage problems associated with high capacitances and light loading more typically at transmission level voltages or to reduce fault levels Creating in DESS You create reactor elements from the Node Dialog This will bring up the Reactor Element Dialog described in the Reference Guide Reactor elements cannot be combined with any other types of element on a node Because a reactor represent a series device it can only be placed on a node attached to exactly two lines Putting it at a node with 3 or more lines would be ambiguous and putting it on a node with one line attached i e end of a line would be meaningless Regulator Element Regulator elements are used to model voltage regulators sometimes called line regulators You can model both manual regulation with a fixed tap setting or automatic voltage regulation where the regulator tap is automatically changed to maintain the desired voltage on the regulator secondary Creating in DESS You create regulator elements from the Node Dialog This will bring up the Regulator Element Dialog described in the Reference Guide Regulator elements cannot be combined with any other types of element on a node Because a regulator represent a series device it can only be placed on
242. vious edits See command on the Edit menu Redo Redo previously undo operations See command on the Edit menu Edit Edit the currently selected node or line See command on the Edit menu x Fe Delete Delete currently selected nodes and lines See command on the Edit menu Add Power Transformer Connect two layers by adding a power 3E 2008 Dromey Design Inc 144 DESS v6 User s Guide transformer See command on the Edit menu a Change Switch Status Changes the status of the selected switch element open or closed at Trace Up Trace upstream towards supply from the currently selected node or line See command on the Query menu Al Trace Down Trace downstream away from supply for the currently selected node or line See command on the Query menu Custom Trace Perform a custom trace including options for up down Al or between nodes and options for which layers and phases to trace See command on Query menu 4 16 kV Active Layer Shows and sets the active layer for editing and selection Find Node Show the Find Node Dialog for finding a node by ID Name or Description for to choose from a list See the command on the Query menu 5 2 2 Toolbar Tools The following tools appear on the main toolbar Only one tool is active at a time Clicking a new tool button deactivates the old tool and activates the new tool When viewing the map in DESS clicking the ESC key returns
243. y in meters at which you want the map to be displayed Typically set to a fraction of the entire system width so that the layer is not displayed when zoomed out to display everything Selectable Check this box if you want to be able to select items on this layer with the mouse It is turned on by default for electrical layers Transparency You can choose from a continuous range from solid to invisible Setting non critical layers to be partially transparent can help make key information greatly stand out 5 4 5 3Background Layer Properties Dialog Description This dialog is used for editing background layer properties To access this dialog open the 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide 237 layer docking window and double click on the layer you want to modify or right click on the layer you want and click Edit Layer Properties Appearance VI Background Layer Properties Path C DESS Projects Sample Data LandBase TAB Appearance Visibility Zoom Minumum Zoom Maximum Zoom 2000 E Selectable o Transparency E Controls Path The path of the background layer map file Click on the button to browse for the map file You can enter files in TAB DXF or SHP format as background layers Visibility There are three settings for the visibility e On layer is always visible e Off layer is never visible e Zoom layer is visible when the map zoom is within the desi
244. y select the property in the right hand box and then use the drop down arrow by the yellow plus to choose more specific properties to add You can do this process several times for the specific elements and properties available 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 111 GPT ran line Styles and Rules Line Style Rules Evaluated in order E Line DessLine DessNode DessLayer Voltage 600 Node DessLine PhLineValue ABC UserConductor lsOverhee ak Ref DessLine PhLineValue ABC Layer Reference DessLine UserConductor lsOverhead True Voltage 13800 DessLine Removing a Style To remove a style which you no longer need select the style which you no longer need and use the delete button This will remove the style permanently You cannot undo this action once you have clicked on the OK button Moving a Style The position of a style determines when and if it will appear As such it is very important to put the style in the correct position in the list As the styles are evaluated in order if a higher item in the list is found to be applicable the lower items will never be evaulated or used Therefore more specific or detailed items should be higher in the list and more general items should be lower in the list Initially a newly created style appears at the bottom of the list You can change its position by first of all selecting the style to move by single clicking on it Then you
245. y the maximum range of VARs that the machine can output in order to regulate the voltage at the output terminal of the generator These values combined with the voltage at the terminal of the machine and the regulator setting will determine the actual VAR output of a synchronous machine The input value of Q is only the the starting value before the analysis starts iterating Regulator Setting The desired per unit value of the voltage at the terminal of the synchronous machine DESS will change the VAR output of the machine within the allowed VAR limits in order to maintain this voltage There is no deadband for generator voltage regulation 2008 Dromey Design Inc 162 DESS v6 User s Guide 5 4 1 5Power Transformer Element Dialog Description The power transformer dialog is used to enter data for a power transformer element It is shown when you create a new power transformer using the toolbar button and existing power transformers can be edited from the Node Dialog of the HV node of the transformer Appearance OI Power Transformer Data Tap Settings Phasing Winding Connection Wye Wye Size kVA Shunt Losses kW kVAr Nominal Size 1000 Real 0 Reactive 0 Forced Cooling Grounding Impedances Ohms R V Primary Grounded impedances per unit on kVA size R Primary Neutral 0 Primary Secondary 0 V Secondary Grounded n d Secondary Neutral
246. y voltage relative to the angle of the primary voltage You should select the actual connection for a single transformer here If you want to represent 3 single phase transformers connected as a 3 phase transformer select a Single Phase connection here and specify the 3 phase connection in the distribution transformer dialog Mounting The location of the transformer Not used for analysis purposes but can be useful for queries and node style themes Choices are e Unknown e Pad mounted at grade usually on a concrete pad e Pole mounted on a pole usually supplied by overhead lines e Vault mounted below grade e Submersible a submersible transformer usually below grade Size The size of the transformer in kVA This is used to calculate impedances which are input as p u on transformer size Nominal 3 Phase Voltages The high voltage is the nominal phase phase voltage of the layer where this transformer will be used The low voltage is the nominal phase phase voltage of the transformer secondary Hint D es in DESS are always input as phase phase values even if the equipment being described is only being used on single phase areas of the aL system Shunt Losses The no load losses for the transformer This losses are independent of the transformer loading Tap on HV Winding Check if the tap is on the HV winding uncheck if on the LV winding Total Impedance 2008 Dromey Design Inc Reference Guide
247. yer properties Lines and Nodes This section explains node and line data and describes how to create and edit nodes and lines It also describes how to control the default appearance of nodes and lines by setting style rules Elements This section describes different types of node elements defined in DESS such as loads transformers switches etc and how to create edit and delete elements Reference Data This section explains what reference data is the different types of reference data and how to create import edit and delete reference data items Load Modeling This describes how DESS represents customer loads and explains how you can use this to accurately represent how your loads respond under different times and conditions Analysis This section explains the different types of analysis available in DESS and how to use them 2008 Dromey Design Inc User s Guide 31 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 Systems This Section contains all of the information pertaining to a system model in DESS including e System Basics e Where to Start HV Modeling e Where to Stop LV Modeling e System Data Storage System Basics A DESS system represents a complete model of an electrical distribution system and is stored as a single file usually with a dss xml extension A typical DESS system represents all the medium voltage supplies lines transformers and equipment for a complete distribution system and may inclu
248. ype of layer These properties are covered in much more detail in the Layer Properties section of the How to section Deleting Layers Deleting Electrical Layers is very simple you select the layer which you want to remove 2008 Dromey Design Inc 96 DESS v6 User s Guide and remove it through one of two different methods You can either click on the red X on the top of the docking window or right click on the layer to be removed and select Delete Layer from the menu which appears Note that if you remove a layer all nodes and lines which are on that layer will be removed This is an action which you can always Undo if needed Deleting a Background Layer is much like deleting an electrical layer you select the layer you wish to remove and press the red X on the top of the Layers tab You could also right click on the Background Layer and select Delete Layer Deleting a background layer does not delete the file which you imported the background layer from You can Undo this delete action 2008 Dromey Design Inc How to 97 4 11 Using Layer Properties Layers have a number of key properties An understanding of them is fundamental to using DESS effectively The Layer Properties Dialog and Context Menu This dialog can be accessed by right clicking on the layer in the layer list and selecting the Edit Layer Properties option You can also open this dialog by selecting the layer to edit
249. ystem information and system losses for different possible options 2008 Dromey Design Inc DESS v6 User s Guide 1 3 The Big Picture DESS DESS Distribution Engineering Simulation Software is an integrated software package for the design analysis and management of electrical distribution systems Mathematical Model Basically put DESS is a mathematical representation of an electrical system Each symbol and line represents a wire or electrical item in a system It is a computer managed model designed to be user friendly yet as powerful as possible It has all of the features required to accurately reflect any distribution system which you would like to model DESS Sample System dss xml_ File Edit Query View Analysis Tools Themes Reports Help Mayeva aj g Electrical Layers 6d 13 8 kV d 4 16 kV d 600V Background Laye 6 LandBase Width 769 9m A typical view of a system using DESS DESS represents a system through points or symbols connected by lines These points are called nodes A node is a point of importance usually an electrical item such as a switch load or another item while a line is a single line representation of a set of electrical conductors A set of this data is called a system You can have as many of systems as you want although the number of nodes permitted in a single system is typically limited by the particular licence for your co

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