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1. interface Outside 9 eASA 2 106001 Inbound TCP Dec 10 Cisco ASA connection denied from o 2006 Appliance EEN 216 8 130 173 2292 to 14 34 57 10 10 1 1 216 8 158 158 139 flags SYN on interface Outside 9 oASA 2 106001 Inbound TCP Dec 10 Cisco ASA connection denied from Fo 2006 Appliance EEN 216 8 130 173 2292 to AT 14 34 54 10 10 1 1 216 8 158 158 139 flags SYN on interface Outside Dec 10 Jae 10 14 33 55 10 10 1 95 LOCALO INFO 1 O coro ENVIROMUX MINI Temperature 2 14 34 38 25 1 C Dec 10 enviro2 P 10 14 33 55 10 10 1 95 z ha 10 10 1 211 ENVIROMUX MINI Humidity 2 33 0 a Figure 10 Netmon Event Logs Console Setting Up SYSLOG Clients In order to manage event log data in Netmon you must first configure your SYSLOG capable clients to send log messages to Netmon s IP address A Important Netmon expects to receive log data over UDP port 514 Most SYSLOG message systems should be configured by default to send messages over this port However if you re not seeing expected SYSLOG data in Netmon you may want to ensure that your client software is configured to use this protocol port combination Monitoring SYSLOG and Event Logs Netmon User Guide 64 65 Netmon User Guide Monitoring SYSLOG and Event Logs Once you have configured your client device s take the following steps in Netmon 1 Click the Manage SYSLOG Clients option in the SYSLOG Explorer window 2 Click the Add New SYSLO
2. Each range should consist of a block of addresses such as 10 10 1 1 to 10 10 1 255 or 10 10 2 1 to 10 10 3 100 Adding a New Network Range To add a new IP range to Netmon s database press the Add New Network Range button which makes an editing window visible Enter the following values in the boxes provided Starting Address The starting IP address of a contiguous block Ending Address The ending IP address of a contiguous block Enable SNMP AutoDiscovery A checkbox indicating whether Netmon should attempt to scan this range for SNMP capable devices If you do not want Netmon to perform automatic device discovery on this range uncheck this box Enable Background Port Scans A checkbox indicating whether Netmon should attempt to perform background port scans against devices in this range If you do not want Netmon to perform automatic port scans on this range uncheck this box Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 97 98 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management Once the correct information has been entered press the Add Network button Modifying an IP Range To make changes to an existing IP Range locate it in the Manage Network Range s panel and click the Edit link next to the range you wish to modify Make the necessary changes to your IP Range in the Settings Editor window and then click the Update Network Range button Removing an IP Range from the Database To remove an IP range from the
3. Note In order to run a report for any URL Tracker you must first ensure that the Enable Logging selection has been checked in the URL Tracker Manager To run a URL Tracker Report take the following steps Choose URL Tracker Report from the Reports Explorer Select a URL from the available list If no URLs are visible see Note above Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and time range Click the Generate Report button Netmon Reports Netmon User Guide 84 85 Netmon User Guide Netmon Reports Panel Actions Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the URL Tracker Report window Port Scan Report A Port Scan Report summarized the results of Netmon s background port scanning service which probes hosts on your various network range s for open ports Netmon scans each host on your network range s every 2 hours and records the results of its scan to the database A port scan report shows all scanned hosts along with the open ports for each host To get more detail on a particular port protocol just click on it Configuring Network Service Alerts Netmon can notify you when it detects a new network service i e open port that was not identified on a previous scan To configure alerting options for this service click the Configure Alerts button at the top of the Port Scan Report
4. 29 30 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity SPANning or port mirroring where your switch has been configured to forward all packets to a specially designated monitoring interface Method 2 NetFlow Protocol NetFlow is a perfect choice for monitoring remote networks from a centralized location By using the NetFlow protocol your remote devices typically routers perform packet inspection of all traffic going into and out of various network interfaces Summaries of this activity are then forwarded as flow packets to a NetFlow capable monitoring system like your Netmon server appliance Using Netmon s Built In Protocol Analyzers Netmon features several built in protocol analyzers which are designed to gather information which passes across either of Netmon s two gigabit network interfaces Netmon s native protocol analyzers are generally used on networks to which the Netmon device is physically connected See How Netmon Monitors Traffic above for more information Collecting NetFlow Data Streams from Remote Devices You can use Netmon to monitor and record live network activity on remote networks using Cisco s NetFlow protocol suite Netmon can accept and process NetFlow v1 v5 and v7 datagrams Important In order to properly process incoming NetFlow packets you must also enable SNMPv2 GET on the device which sends NetFlow packets to Netmon This allows your Netmon system to properly identify all of the network interfaces
5. Once these steps are completed you should start to see SNMP traffic data within a few minutes Netmon s SNMP viewing tools allow you to easily spot trends and spikes for each distinct device interface and you can historical charts and graphs as well Using the SNMP Automatic Discovery Service The simplest and easiest way to add new SNMP capable devices to your Netmon server appliance is to let Netmon do most of the work for you In most cases Netmon can identify a large number of SNMP capable devices automatically in just a few minutes The SNMP Auto Discovery service scans your local network range s for SNMPv2 capable devices and attempts to connect to them with the default community string public If a successful connection is made Netmon automatically adds the device to your Device Explorer collection Devices which have been discovered in this fashion have a icon next to them in the Device Explorer tree Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 46 47 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Using a Different Community String Netmon s automatic discovery service can be configured to use any community string you wish To make changes to the community string used by the SNMP Auto Discovery service take the following steps 1 Click Settings gt Netmon Services 2 Locate the SNMP Autodiscovery service in the list and click the Configure link next to it 3 Enter your custom community string in the community tex
6. traceroute will fail at the gateway to that carrior Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide 39 40 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Devices amp Services Monitoring Network Devices amp Services Netmon can monitor the availability and network performance of virtually any TCP IP connected device or service which is capable of responding to network requests How Netmon Monitors Devices and Services If you simply want to determine if a host is alive or not Netmon will use an ICMP PING request to establish the status of the target device If a PING fails Netmon triggers any alerts which have been attached to this tracker On the other hand if you are monitoring a specific service such as port 80 on a web server or port 25 on an email server Netmon uses TCP CONNECT method to determine if a service successfully responds to a basic 3 way handshake request If the handshake fails Netmon triggers the appropriate email and pager alerts which have been defined for the service monitor Introducing the Trackers Console The Trackers console is where most of Netmon s availability tools are located To open the Trackers console click the Trackers button in the top toolbar Creating a New PING or TCP Service Tracker To monitor a new device or service take the following steps 1 Click the Trackers button in the top toolbar and then click the TCP Service Trackers or Ping Trackers button 2 Click the Add New Tracker
7. 4 Enter or paste the contents of the note into the Note textbox 5 Click the Save Changes button to commit the note to the database Modifying an Existing Note To modify an existing note take the following steps 1 Locate the note you wish to modify in the Notes Explorer and click the Edit link 2 Make any necessary changes to the note s subject or contents in the SNMP Manager window on the right side of the screen 3 When you have finished making changes click the Save Changes button to commit the updated note to the database Netmon also automatically records the date time that the note was modified Removing a Note To remove delete an existing note locate the note and click the Delete link next to the Note title Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 60 61 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Windows Services Monitoring Windows Services Netmon can monitor your Windows services such as IIS FTP or any other program that runs as a Windows service This is done using SNMP so first you must configure SNMP support on your Windows system This can be done as follows Part Enabling SNMP support on Windows 2000 XP 2003 Hosts If you have already enabled SNMP on your Windows system you can skip this step 1 Click Start gt Control Panel gt Add Remove Programs 2 Select the Add Remove Windows Components button 3 Ensure that the Management and Monitoring Tools option is checked 4 Click Start gt Cont
8. 76 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Websites and Web Applications Attaching Alerts to a URL Tracker Netmon can alert you by email or pager when it detects an invalid response from your website s or web application s To attach an email or pager alert recipient to an URL Tracker take the following steps 1 Click the Trackers button in the top toolbar followed by the URL Trackers button 2 Locate the URL Tracker you wish to attach an alert to and click the Alerts link next to it 3 Assign the alert a Label if desired This step is optional 4 Specify a Netmon user account to be the alert recipient 5 Specify the Alert Media to be used email or pager 6 Specify one or more Alert Command s to associate with the alert condition if desired and if available 7 Click the Add Alert button Modifying a URL Tracker To modify an existing URL Tracker take the following steps 1 Locate the URL Tracker in the URL Tracker Explorer and click the Edit link next to it 2 Make the desired changes to the URL Tracker paramters 3 Click the Update Tracker button Removing a URL Tracker To remove an existing URL Tracker take the following steps 1 Locate the URL Tracker in the URL Tracker Explorer and click the Del link next to it 2 You will be prompted to confirm deletion If you are sure click OK 3 The URL Tracker will be deleted Monitoring Websites and Web Applications Netmon User Guide 76 77 Netmon User Guide Ne
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10. simply click the device in the SNMP Device Explorer which displays a global view of the device along with a summary view for each interface Input and output is displayed on an LED style graph To drill further down and view detailed information for each individual interface simply click the port icon next to the device and select an interface node from the tree by clicking on it This will bring up the SNMP Interface Explorer window which provides a detailed view of that specific interface Adding a New SNMP Device First you must enable SNMP v2 GET requests or polls as they are sometimes known on your managed device This process varies from manufacturer to manufacturer so consult the documentation for your device to determine what steps are necessary to enable this capability Be sure to specify or take note of the device s Community string The Community string is essentially a password for retrieving SNMP data and this string will need to be provided to Netmon Once you have enabled SNMP on your managed device take the following steps in Netmon 1 Click the Add New Device button at the top of the SNMP Device Explorer 2 Enter the IP address of the device into the IP Address field 3 In the Label field specify a friendly name for your device such as London Office Router 4 Choose a sampling interval and enter it into the Sample Every text box Netmon uses a default value of 60 seconds but you can specify any inter
11. OID 1 3 6 1 4 1 9 1 1 The Good the Bad and the Ugly White it is certainly true that SNMP can provide you with a rich source of information for every managed device on your network s it also comes with a few drawbacks First off while SNMP is indeed a simple protocol its real world implementation is not very simple at all SNMP data is built around the idea that any kind of information can be stored and communicated by a managed device Of course different devices will want to communicate different kinds of data Switches will tell you how much traffic is going in and out of each port and so will firewalls but printers might tell you how many pages have been printed today or how much ink is left in each of the cartridges The result is that every device implements SNMP data structures in their own unique way and there are only a handful of standard OID MIB interfaces which are available across all types of devices This makes the task of using SNMP data in a comprehensive monitoring or management system a non trivial undertaking SNMP management systems tend to be large unwieldy and tremendously expensive systems and their complexity can make one question the benefits of using SNMP in the first place SNMP and Security The introduction of any new protocol on the network merits some attention and SNMP deserves more scrutiny than most Unfortunately the most popular implementations of SNMP known as SNMP v1 and SNMP v2 are no
12. Process Asynchronously radio box so that the command and alert message are both processed separately from one another Modifying an Existing Alert Command Any existing commands will be listed in the Alert Template editing window To modify an existing command simply click the Edit link next to it Make any necessary adjustments and then click the Update Command button Removing an Alert Command To remove a command from the available selections simply click the Del link next to it You ll be prompted to confirm deletion Once a command has been deleted from this area any existing alerts which may have called that command will continue to function however they will no longer run that command Managing Host Names Using this console you can manage Netmon s name database which contains a variety of NetBIOS DNS and user defined host names Each of these host names maps to an IP address and often many different host names map to the same IP address This console allows you to manage names for any host and even to include your own user defined labels as well as search Netmon s database for host names which match a particular search criteria Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 95 96 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management Searching for Hostnames To search Netmon s name database enter a search string in the Search Text IP Address box on the Hostname Management console For example to search for all host
13. Unix Partition inetd Method ee eeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeessaeeeeesaeeesseaeeeensnaeeeeeaaes 70 Adding a New UNIX Partition xinetd Method oooononcccnnoccccnononcnonanancnonano corno ono nono cnn nan nn nn nan n nn rra a nr r naar ne nnnnnrs 12 Modifying Disk Parameters our prat a it a LS Removing a Monitored DISK wis io IAEA a DA A ELEI R TANE 73 Configuring Email or Pager Alerts for a Monitored DiSk ooooonniccinnininncninnnnnccnnnccnnnccnoncncnnccnnnrnrnnn cnn nr nc 74 Monitoring Websites and Web ApplicationsS ooomomnnnccccccnnnnnncccccccnnnnnnnnanancncnn nn nana 75 Introducing the URL Tracking Servic msi a wee ee aa Gare eens 75 Greating a NewURL Tracker cid dida ncds 75 Attaching Alerts to aURL Tracker cit lt lt 76 Modifying a URL Tracker ion a na ea e 76 Removing a URL Tracker sen aa Ae A ROA A A A eM 76 Netmon REDOING circa nas 77 Creating and Saving Custom Reports ccesccecscceescceeseeeeneeeeeeeeeaeeesaeseaeeeenaeeeseeeenaeseaaensaeeseeeeeaeeseneeeeneeeeneeeenes 77 Network Activity Repollo nein 78 Panel Aclara aia io 78 Conversation REPO arica ia a le iD Aid e lica 78 Panel ACtlons A A as 79 Webi Traffic Repolt tmscoiniana ion dan br did 79 Panel Aci iris rabia ta 80 UR DOWN Time Repo socia see seat og eesti nta See rok cannes te CAAD kA eave eee aan ase NES 80 PMO ACHOMS uti Sod eed tae fae ti A aed eed vee ede id 80 Bandwidth Activity Repo fio ea aa aa a ies anal Raia a hid lin
14. a new empty share on the drive or partition you wish to monitor and set the access privileges for this share to read only Do not place any data in this folder 2 Create a separate user account on the target machine with the minimum access privileges required to access the monitoring share Monitoring Linux and Unix Partitions On Unix type systems Netmon uses the df utility to work with inetd or xinetd super servers Netmon connects to the specified port number parses the df output and extracts the necessary disk information Adding a New Unix Partition inetd Method Use this method if your system uses inetd Monitoring a Unix partition requires a minor change to two configuration files on the remote system These files are called etc services and etc inetd conf 1 Insert the following line into etc services df 5001 tcp DF We have specified port 5001 here but you can actually choose any port number you wish However you ll have to remember to specify the same port number when adding this information to Netmon Monitoring Disks and Partitions Netmon User Guide 70 71 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Disks and Partitions 2 Insert the following line into etc inetd conf df stream tcp nowait root usr bin df 3 Restart inetd with the following command eae gt Oe seal Alternatively you can use the following command kill HUP lt inetd PID gt 4 Open the Disk Trackers panel located in the Trackers c
15. admin with a password of netmon Once you log in it is recommended that you complete the Initial Setup Tasks located in the Settings console Performing Basic Setup Tasks There are 4 quick steps which should be taken immediately after logging in for the first time These steps allow Netmon to begin discovering devices and services automatically and also ensures that alert messages can be properly relayed Getting Started Netmon User Guide 23 24 Netmon User Guide Getting Started To start the Setup Wizard click the Settings button in Netmon s main menu at the top of the screen and look for the Initial Setup Tasks link Click on it and then click each of the 4 items in turn 1 Define your Network Range s see Managing Network Ranges on page 97 2 Configure SNMP Automatic Discovery see Using the SNMP Automatic Discovery Service on page 46 3 Setup Netmon User Accounts see Managing User Accounts on page 91 4 Alert Testing Utility see Troubleshooting Email Alerts on page 105 Introducing the Netmon Home Dashboard The first screen you will see after logging into the system is the Netmon Home Dashboard This screen is designed to provide you with a high level up to the moment overview of your network ystem Status Host Protocol Last Checked JP Test IP Office Dec 10 2006 15 37 57 URL Alerts httpuffwwwnetmon ca lt link Dec 10 2006 15 36 33 Bandwidth Monitors Netmon Help amp Resource Center We
16. drag any empty space in the map This is particularly handy when you ve zoomed in to view a single part of the map You can also use the Zoom tool to your advantage if a particular host appears too small or if you simply wish to zoom in for more focus you can click and drag the Zoom slider Zoom ranges from 50 to 250 are provided Don t forget you can click and drag anything individual hosts or even the map itself to navigate the display more easily To select a host and view additional details about it simply double click on it Double clicking will display the Active Connections Panel for that particular IP address which displays all of the current network connections coming from or arriving to that device Customizing Your View The Visual Network Explorer can also be manipulated in a number of ways to help you refine your perspective and narrow your focus on specific host s and or activities Traffic View Traffic view provides two distinct ways to view the network traffic itself which is represented by a series of dotted or solid lines in between individual hosts Each of these methods provides advantages in specific situations Absolute View displays all network traffic on an absolute scale Each packet stream is displayed according to the maximum speed your infrastructure can support usually 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps For a reference on what each style of line represents see the Activity Legend Using Monitoring Network A
17. for temperature or humidity changes Detect the presence of water with the included water sensor Monitor door contacts and motion sensors Detect vibrations and movement with specialized sensors Monitor environmental conditions at multiple remote locations including datacenters branches and field offices and process alert messages from a centralized console in your Netmon system Reporting and Data Analysis Historical database of virtually all monitored activities Network protocol and host activity reports Uptime downtime and service latency reports Bandwidth utilization reports Sophisticated traffic and protocol analysis toolset Build and save custom reports for later one click delivery 1 Requires optional Enviro MINI add on unit s See www netmon ca enviro for more information Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 13 14 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition e Printer friendly report designs e Snapshot Reports almost any application panel can be printed directly in a printer friendly format e Customizable protocol and host filtering lets you narrow reports to specific hosts and or network activities e Customizable logging verbosity settings for each monitored device and service e Analyze Netmon data in third party reporting packages such as Crystal Reports Administration and Management e Netmon security groups allow you to assign distinct capabilities and permiss
18. group click the Edit link in the Actions column next to the group to be modified Check uncheck the desired values and click the Update button in the Settings Editor panel Deleting a Group To remove a Netmon account group simply click the Delete link in the Actions column next to the group to be deleted You ll be asked to confirm if this is what you really want to do If you confirm the selected group will be removed from the system You should not remove the Administrators group nor should you delete all groups Doing so could result in an unexpected lockout from administrative functions Managing Alert Message Templates Netmon allows you to customize the alert messages which are sent from various monitoring facilities through the use of simple templates Simply navigate to Settings gt Alert Message Templates and expand the tree to see a complete list of available templates Customizing an Alert Message Template To customize any template select it from the available list in the Settings Explorer An editing window will appear showing the current alert text Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 93 94 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management In any alert message special information is inserted such as the name and IP address of a service which has failed for example via specially tagged keys into the template These keys look like host or ip_address and they help Netmon to understand where to
19. group that should be used for most of your Netmon user accounts It grants access to the entire Netmon application but prevents members from deleting data or performing administration functions Report Users By default this group has read only access to the entire Netmon application but is prevented from altering data or performing system administration or maintenance functions You can customize the individual permissions in this group to allow disallow access to specific areas of Netmon Understanding Permission Inheritance A user account can belong to one or more groups When a user account belongs to two groups or more the user inherits all available permissions from both groups Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 92 93 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management Group A has permissions X and Y Group B has permissions Z A user who is a member of both groups inherits permissions X Y and Z Viewing Group Details To quickly view expanded details for an account group click the Details link in the Actions column next to the desired group Adding a New Group To add a new user account click the Add New Group bution in the middle panel This will cause the Settings Editor panel to open on the right side of the screen displaying a form for the entry of new group information To read more about each of these see Editing Group Properties Modifying a Group To update permission assignments for an existing
20. lt o o gt netmon PROFESSIONAL EDITION EDITION User Guide O 2005 2007 Netmon Inc All rights reserved 2 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition conmncccnnnsaccnoninsaacncnanancnonnnnrn cnn nana cnn nana cnn 10 What does NetMmOn lO Picas dor ii a dice eae ta et di 10 Key Features and Benetits rs ezain netenka ana tds 11 Automatic DISCovery Features lia rita 11 Network Monitoring Features soriana ta dd iii 11 Device Monitoring FSAtUTOS carente iaa 12 Emil and Pager Alert Features iruin ti E EEN Ai did 12 SNMP Device Monitoring Features aisir ado arde 12 Security Monitoring Feature Sisaren los er AEA aeaa a aee a A Eae TEE AEEA A eae eat eee ee 13 SYSLOG and Event Log Server Features nnsa ite i cael tad Gail haan 13 Environmental Monitoring Features tc 13 Reporting and Dada ANSIA raid 13 Administration and Management ccoo O A a ia 14 What S Newin Ne tenon tica et 14 Major New Beaute cuina a rara 14 Mimor Enhancements and Bugfixes cocos tt 15 Where to Edilicia ie 16 Installation and Deployment Guide oocccccccnnoccconnnnoccccnnnanononcnnnnnncnnnnnn nn nnnnnnc nn cnn nnmnnn mannna 17 Planning Y our De ployment uds diran aaa i 17 Deployment SCNATOS csc sroine etees teed ae dees evel AD doe AA ave Aid E 17 Recommended Typical Deployment Location ce ccc ceseceeeeseeceeeneeneeeneecenensenenseseneeeeseadedenneseeseneneenenensetees 18 Alterna
21. on the device Activating NetFlow There are three steps required to monitor NetFlow data from remote devices 1 Configure your remote device s to send NetFlow packets to your Netmon server appliance Once Netmon detects incoming NetFlow data for a particular device it will automatically add that device to your Devices Explorer tree 2 Enable NetFlow data collection for the newly added device by clicking the Enable NetFlow checkbox when you click on it in the Device Explorer Once this step has been completed you ll see a purple NetFlow icon next to the device in the Devices Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide 30 31 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity Explorer 3 Enable NetFlow for the desired interface s which are sending NetFlow packets to Netmon by opening each interface and choosing the Enable NetFlow option Using the Visual Network Explorer The Visual Network Explorer VNE component provides a dynamic graphical view of your current network activity on local or remote segment s You can customize this view in many different ways to find information of interest VNE Basics The VNE displays a live interactive graphical map of your current network activity As your network traffic patterns change the display is updated automatically every 20 seconds You can move individual hosts around on the map by clicking and dragging on them You can also move the entire map itself simply click and
22. output window Panel Actions Bi Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Port Scan Report window Alert History Report The Alert History Report displays a list of all email and pager alerts which have been generated across the entire Netmon system for the specified period of time To run an Alert History Report simply click the Alert History Report link in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps 1 Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a date and time range 2 Click the Generate Report button Netmon Reports Netmon User Guide 85 86 Netmon User Guide Netmon Reports Panel Actions B Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Alert History Report window Netmon Login Report The Netmon Login Report displays a list of all Netmon login activity for the specified period of time To run a Netmon Login Report simply click the Netmon Login Report icon in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps 1 Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and time range 2 Click the Generate Report button Panel Actions El Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Netmon Login Report window Netmon Reports Net
23. place important alert information You can insert these tags anywhere in your template using the specially provided buttons Simply position the cursor where you d like to place the data and then click the desired button on the right side of the editing window You can also use standard cut amp paste tools to move tags around your message You must click the Save Template button to permanently commit any changes you make to a template Restoring Default Templates To restore any template to its factory default settings select it from the template list and click the Restore Default Template button The window contents will be immediately populated with the factory default alert message for that particular alert You must then click the Save Template button to commit any changes to Netmon s database Managing Alert Response Commands Netmon can run special scripts or commands in response to an alert event For example you may wish to run a port scan against a newly discovered host or receive a list of large files when a disk capacity alert is issued Using this facility you can also issue a restart to an unresponsive Windows service Alert commands are associated with alert events and they are managed on the same screen as alert templates see above Once a command has been associated to a particular alert event you then have the option to run that command for any alerts of that type Note that alert commands do not run automaticall
24. shows the top web destinations based on HTTP requests averaged over the last 20 seconds To get more detail for any destination which is shown in this panel simply click on it This will take you to the Visual Network Explorer page where that particular host can be explored in more detail What is a Web Destination A web destination is simply the recipient i e the server of HTTP requests This could be any or all of the following e Public websites like www google com or www amazon com e Local intranets and web based applications e Non Web HTTP traffic i e SOAP or XML RPC calls Panel Actions f Print an instant Quick Report by clicking this button in the panel 2 Refresh the display with new data by clicking this button Panel Top Web Users This panel displays the top local hosts which are requesting HTTP web traffic Traffic rates averaged over the last 20 seconds are also provided for reference To get more detail for any host which is shown in this panel simply click on it This will take you to the Visual Network Explorer page where that particular host can be explored in more detail Panel Actions Bl Print an instant Quick Report by clicking this button in the panel Getting Started Netmon User Guide 26 27 Netmon User Guide Getting Started 2 Refresh the display with new data by clicking this button Panel Top Ethernet Protocols This panel shows you the most active Layer 2 protocol usage
25. space is exceeded Netmon will trigger an alert The default threshold is 90 but this can be set to any amount you choose Modifying Disk Parameters To modify the monitoring parameters for a disk take the following steps 1 Open the Disk Trackers panel by clicking Trackers gt Disk Trackers 2 Click the Edit link next to the Disk you wish you modify 3 Make the necessary adjustments to your Tracker parameters and click the Update Disk button Removing a Monitored Disk To remove a monitored disk open the Disk Trackers panel and click the Delete link next to it You will be prompted to confirm deletion If you re sure click OK and the tracker will be deleted from your system Monitoring Disks and Partitions Netmon User Guide 73 74 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Disks and Partitions Configuring Email or Pager Alerts for a Monitored Disk To configure email and or pager alerts for a disk open the Disk Monitoring panel and enter the IP address of the device Click the Alerts link next to the disk which is to be configured with alerts This opens the Alerts window for that particular disk where email pager alerts can be added or removed from the disk Monitoring Disks and Partitions Netmon User Guide 74 75 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Websites and Web Applications Monitoring Websites and Web Applications Netmon can monitor websites and web applications by analyzing the results of an HTTP request You can
26. that people dial when they wish to send you a page The Pager Terminal Number is a special access line provided by your paging company Instead of a voice prompt it provides a TAP compliant handshake to facilitate electronic communications with a system like Netmon for automated paging In most cases you ll need to contact your paging service provider to acquire this number Troubleshooting Guide Netmon User Guide 105
27. the entire list at once Configuring Alerts To configure alert recipients for newly detected hosts click the A button on the Recently Discovered Hosts panel You ll be able to specify one or more alert recipients in the dialog window that follows Panel Top Activity Snapshot This panel gives you a high level overview of the 10 most active client server conversations over the last 60 seconds and also shows the TDP UDP port of each conversation If Netmon recognizes the port being used you ll see a friendly name instead of the actual TCP UDP port To get more information for the protocol s which are typically used on a particular port just click the friendly name i e HTTP or FTP and you ll be taken to a page in the Help amp Resources Panel which will tell you what Netmon knows about this port Netmon ships with a built in dictionary for over 50 protocols Each entry in this dictionary contains a high level overview of the protocol as well as links to helpful web resources for that protocol To get more detail for any host which is shown in this panel simply click on it This will take you to a page where that particular host can be explored much more thoroughly Getting Started Netmon User Guide 25 26 Netmon User Guide Getting Started Panel Actions El Print an instant Quick Report by clicking this button in the panel 2 Refresh the display with new data by clicking this button Panel Top Web Destinations This panel
28. G Client button in the Manage SYSLOG Clients window 3 Enter the necessary information in each field as detailed below and then click the Add Now button Netmon requires the following information IP The IP address of the SYSLOG client Facility The message facility to collect This option defaults to any or all facilities Min Severity The minimum message severity level that Netmon should collect Netmon will ignore all SYSLOG messages which fall beneath this severity threshold Browsing SYSLOG Data in Netmon You can look for specific kinds of log messages easily with Netmon s Event Log Explorer You can choose any of these three options Browse by Client Using this option you can browse log messages sorted by each SYSLOG client device Browse by Severity With this option you browse SYSLOG data from any one of 8 different severity levels INFO DEBUG NOTICE WARNING ERROR ALERT CRITICAL EMERGENCY Browse by Facility This option allows you to search by a wide variety of message facilities including KERN USER MAIL DAEMON AUTH SYSLOG LPR NEWS UUCP CRON AUTHPRIV FTP NTP LOGAUDIT LOGALERT and LOCALO through LOCAL7 Monitoring Windows Event Logs Netmon can monitor Event Logs on Windows systems and collect these logs in the same way that SYSLOG messages are handled The same alerting and reporting facilities are also available A software agent is required to facilitate this task Monitoring SYSLOG and Event L
29. Netmon database simply locate it in the Manage Network Range s panel and click the Delete link next to the range you wish to delete Using the Netmon Update Service The Netmon Update Service is a background service that checks for new patches or updates for your Netmon product automatically every 24 hours This service is capable of updating any component of your Netmon system including e Operating System Security Updates e Background Services Netmon Engine e Application Middleware e User Interface and Documentation The Netmon Update Service uses the RSYNC protocol to communicate with the update server at Netmon headquarters It therefore requires your Netmon server appliance to establish outbound connections on TCP Port 873 If your firewall rules do not permit this type of connection you ll need to install updates manually from CD ROM Checking for Updates Manually You can also force Netmon to check for new updates anytime outside of its normal 24 hour interval For example you may be instructed by Netmon Technical Support personnel to request an update or you may wish to apply a new update ahead of schedule To manually trigger an update request take the following steps 1 Click the Settings button in the top toolbar 2 Choose Netmon Update Service from the Settings Explorer tree Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 98 99 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management 3 Click the Check for New Up
30. Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 16 17 Netmon User Guide Installation and Deployment Guide Installation and Deployment Guide Netmon is an extremely flexible product which has been designed to integrate quickly and easily with virtually any IP based network It can be deployed in several different ways to facilitate specific monitoring objectives Planning Your Deployment Planning the installation of your Netmon server appliance consists of three main steps 1 Determine the network s that you want to monitor and choose an appropriate deployment scenario 2 Determine where to physically place the Netmon server appliance on your selected network segment 3 Determine whether the Netmon server should obtain an IP address automatically through a DHCP server or whether it will be necessary to assign one manually Deployment Scenarios Choosing an appropriate physical deployment location is the most important step to achieving your monitoring goals Ask yourself the following questions e What is the most important network traffic to monitor Some organizations are only interested in Internet bound traffic while others are primarily concerned about traffic hitting their key servers On larger networks these activities could be taking place on completely different physical segments In this case you ll want to physically locate your Netmon system on the most important network segment e Which network devices do want to mon
31. Tracker oia taa cr nica E OA ceases A AEE Adana cas Ra ISAAA E mucins 58 Removing an ODT rackens ace cst di deere needs extn ies view eet ee 58 OID Tracking PS tt cece tect ade ce a Avtar al ead tin dicas 58 Processing SNMP Trap Messages sirean atn acia alii age Ad cease ratas 59 sending SNMP Traps to NetM n sio ii ania ie eae da A ev 59 LOGGING SNMP Tramitar rate Gace len Pataca ate seen ee 59 PAP Alert SECOS acaricio EEE AAEE rok ao eau 59 Using the Notes Manager sorsi iii iii iii idad thes cede dad e ibi ia ii ued 59 Adding a New Note ceca cda da dr a de ei ain iil hi Meee ec i rra ee 59 Modifyingsan Existing A O AT AET 60 FREMOVING A NOLS citrico a aa a E E a A 60 Monitoring Windows Services scsccicccicscccncs cece ccccxcec coscceastersesseccesrensccectecnsoonetvectdesctdeescueceeascnece 61 Part Enabling SNMP support on Windows 2000 XP 2003 HOSTS cceecceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 61 Part II Monitoring a Windows Service in Netmon ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeecaeeeeaeeeeeeseaeeseeeseeeseneeseeeeeaees 61 Modifying an Existing Windows Service Tracker cecceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaeeseaeeseaeeseeeseeeseneeeeaees 63 Monitoring SYSLOG ahd Event LOGS i osc lt oocormiconiciardncnicinicinne sneiru lena dni at 64 Using the Event Log Explorer iia 64 A ad Se oo cease Ena Aaaa a e Aaaa EEn a naana a eae eee 64 Browsing SYSLOG Data tin NCtMOM ss orisi
32. You may be directed to review these logs or send them via email to Netmon Technical Support personnel The size and contents of these log files depends on the level of logging verbosity you have specified in Settings gt Netmon Services If you see a A icon next to any file it means that Netmon does not recognize the file type The default action for these file types is Download See Managing Custom SNMP MIBs on page 55 for more information File Management Netmon User Guide 87 88 Netmon User Guide File Management Managing Traffic Capture Files The Netmon Traffic Captures folder contains cap files which have been created using Netmon s low level packet capture utility These files are prepared in a format which can be read and understood by Ethereal Wireshark client software Traffic capture files need to be downloaded to your local system for analysis They cannot be used from within Netmon itself If you see a A icon next to any file it means that Netmon does not recognize the file type The default action for these file types is Download File Management Netmon User Guide 88 89 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management Administration and Management Using the Settings Console The Netmon Settings console is where most administrative tasks are performed To open this console click the Settings button in Netmon s main toolbar and choose from a number of maintenance and administrative snap ins includi
33. a E a leh iis aa aara a a aa aaa Aaa eaa ela dida did 49 Using the Device Toolbar sieren a a a ha ed tee Aa haan eines 49 Using the Interface Explorer court ia de eet Rete dn acti nineteen 50 Basic Interface Informations 51 Interface Monitoring Options ises neiii neiii eieiei ya aise edocs ane EA ae E EAEE ERI 52 Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 4 5 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition SNMP interface Graphics ala asias 52 Configuring Alerts foran Inte ac ciar a e tia 53 Device Dashboards citada o eet eee eee ee 53 Assigning a Dashboard t6 a DOVICe er a earan catas ct scecieve soe A Ea bAa Eene EAEE DA AEA aan tacaessaseupisenscasas aati 53 Troubleshooting DashboardSias 2 uti ts ls Reena Eea ie estes iets 54 Browsing SNMP MIBS h ooo ni A aaa 54 Whats amp MIB sidorna ent eter de a tie el eal a ee ee he 54 Common MIB Data Type S deire herera see di da dida ita dada idad 54 Managing Custom SNMP MIBS austria ds 55 Uploading a Custom MiB ura aaa rol 55 Mewing a MIB DETINIION gt A a Ea 55 Using the OID Tracker Serio iuiiacsiaia ia iii aia dida ia id idad diia 56 WhatIsan OID Amer re aida 56 Browsing OIDs with the MIB BroWS T oooocccnnocccnnnoccccnonoconononcnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrrrnnnnnnnnnnnrrnanennininns 56 Creating an OID Track tiiici ss vent A eve A dl ai ae eo 57 Attaching Alerts to OID Trackers iia at ts E 57 Modifying an Existing OID
34. ackers directly from report results e Added traceroute utility to NETWORKS gt TOOLS with new progress indicator component e Fixed a bug in OID Tracker graphs that would break the graphs if all values were equal to 0 e Items on the Home Dashboard now refresh individually instead of causing a full page refresh e Fixed a bug that caused certain OIDs to be detected as strings instead of numeric e Fixed a bug causing custom OIDs for devices whose ID was lt 10 to never show up in the dashboards e Added support for string type OIDs in dashboards e Fixed a bug that caused the system to refuse creating alerts against string OIDs Customers running Netmon 4 1 received this update as a patch Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 15 16 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition e Fixed a bug in the Visual Network Explorer which caused a drop down box to scroll upward when there were more than 44 Host Filters in the system Where to Find Help Need help with your deployment Assistance is just a call or click away e Visit the online User Guide at www netmon ca support manuals e Use the Live Chat feature on the Netmon website www netmon ca support e Use the Live Chat feature in your Netmon Help amp Resources panel e Email us at support netmon ca e Call us toll free at 1 800 944 4511 See Using the Help amp Resources Panel on page 27 for more information Welcome to Netmon
35. ae ae Riven es ee dese Pave eee uo 104 Troubleshooting the Packet AnalyZ Tucci as ri ir as o beeen sees 104 Troubleshooting Email Alerts cita dalt aaa ei raiz 105 Troubleshooting P ger Alerts oira a a eh teenies 105 Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 9 10 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon is a full featured network monitoring solution for small to midsize networks It provides administrators with a complete perspective of their networks services and devices from a variety of vantage points e Network traffic and activity monitoring e Bandwidth monitoring e Service monitoring e Protocol activity monitoring e Device monitoring and device management e Web activity monitoring e SYSLOG monitoring and event log monitoring e Website and web application monitoring e Performance monitoring and reporting e Cisco NetFlow collection analysis and reporting e Email and pager notification alerts e Environmental monitoring optional With Netmon s integrated email and pager notification system you and your network management team will be the first to know when urgent situations arise What does Netmon do Netmon provides a wealth of information on network activity and network connected devices This information can be used to identify immediate issues on the network and it can also be used as a proactive management tool giving yo
36. alk Enterprise Performs an SNMP walk on the enterprise specific branches of the management object tree This operation is less resource intensive than a full SNMP walk E SNMP Object OID Trackers Browse OID object trackers for the selected device SNMP Trap Messages View SNMP trap messages which have been sent by the selected device to your Netmon system Click here to learn more about Netmon s SNMP Trap Handler Service Using the Interface Explorer The SNMP Interface Explorer provides a detailed view of a specific device interface For switches routers firewalls and other networking oriented devices each of these interfaces could represent a physical Ethernet network jack or they could also be virtual interfaces such as those used for VLANs and local loopbacks Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 50 51 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon 4 5 Mozilla Firefox Y SNMP Manager Help amp Resources APC UPS Backup 10 10 1 4 00 18 19 9E 88 D 2 BN a a g Cisco ASA 5510 10 10 1 1 Device Dashboard 1 Device Notes Using the Interface Explorer The SNMP Interface Explorer provides a detailed view of a specific device interface For switches routers firewalls and other networking oriented 1 ASA Outside Interface devices each of these interfaces could represent E a physical Ethernet network jack or they could ASA inside Inter also be virtual interfaces such as tho
37. an also be used when creating reports Netmon uses two kinds of filters Traffic Filters Traffic filters allow you to refine your view or a report to look for specific TCP or UDP ports or protocols You can look for an individual protocol port combination i e UDP 514 or you can include a wide range of different ports into a single filter Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 96 97 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management Netmon ships with a series of built in traffic filters but you can also create your own traffic filters in the Settings gt Filter Collections gt Traffic Filters console Host Filters Host filters permit you to create logical groups of hosts and narrow your search to a specific IP address or a group of related IP addresses You can assign a friendly name to this group Netmon does not ship with any predefined host filters as these are dependent on the IP addresses which are important to you You can create your own host filters in the Settings gt Filter Collections gt Host Filters console Managing Network Ranges For reporting and automatic discovery services Netmon needs to know the IP range s that belong to you In many cases your network range s will be LAN addresses which use non routable IP ranges such as 192 168 xxx xxx or 10 xxx xxx xxx however this does not necessarily have to be the case When monitoring a WAN for example remote IP ranges could be listed here
38. an take a long time because all of the historical data that was collected for it must also be deleted Depending on the size of your database this procedure could take anywhere from 10 seconds to several minutes or more Using the Device Toolbar The device toolbar appears at the top of all device related pages It corresponds to the collapsing menu which can be seen in the Device Explorer tree so you can use whichever navigation style you prefer af O 9 3 e a Gal 0 Figure 6 Device Toolbar To see a brief description for any toolbar button simply hold your mouse over it Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 49 50 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP a Device Dashboard Return to the home dashboard for this device E Device Notes View notes history for the selected device El Network Activity View network activity statistics for the selected device or manage network activity monitoring preferences If the selected device does not have a Dashboard associated with it this page becomes ts dashboard Events and Logs Review Syslog and Event Log history for the selected device oa SNMP MIB Walk Full Performs an SNMP walk on all known branches of the management tree Depending on the amount of management information exposed by the selected device this operation can be a resource intensive operation In extreme cases it can take up to one minute for the walk to complete sal SNMP MIB W
39. and focus on specific activities using Netmon s powerful reporting toolset Key Features and Benefits Automatic Discovery Features e Automatic discovery of SNMP capable devices e Automatic NetBIOS and reverse DNS name resolution e MAC Address detection with ARP Probe Service Background port scanner automatically identifies new services which appear on your network e Automatic discovery of devices which send NetFlow data to Netmon e Automatic interface rediscovery on routers switches and other managed devices Network Monitoring Features e Integrated Layer 2 Ethernet Frame Analyzer e Integrated Layer 3 and 4 IP Services Protocol Analyzer e Integrated NetFlow Collector v1 v5 and v7 e Raw packet capture utility for low level packet analysis in compatible client software i e Ethereal e Automatic NetBIOS and DNS name resolution e Real time network activity monitoring with the Visual Network Explorer VNE e Capture and monitor live network activity on remote networks with NetFlow protocol support e Instantly narrow live activity views to specific hosts and or protocols with easy to use filters e Identify the type and nature of all connections to a particular host with a simple double click e Monitor internal and external bandwidth utilization e Built in port label database identifies thousands of commonly used protocols Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 11 12 Netmon User Guide Welc
40. averaged over the last 20 seconds and ordered by the Ethernet frame type This panel is extremely useful to get an idea of your overall network traffic load It aggregates all traffic information for each major Ethernet protocol type and displays information for each Using this panel you can also monitor the usage of non TCP IP protocols like IPX SPX ARP as well as network bridging protocols like 802 1d Note that 802 1d is a much different protocol from the 802 11 wireless protocol suite On most TCP IP networks IPv4 both TCP and UDP should appear at the top of the list under normal network conditions Address Resolution Protocol ARP is a MAC to MAC addressing protocol is also generally present as well though at a much lower level ARP poisoning attacks could be monitored through this panel Panel Actions Print an instant Quick Report by clicking this button in the panel 2 Refresh the display with new data by clicking this button Using the Help amp Resources Panel The Help amp Resources panel is a completely integrated one stop guide to your Netmon server appliance This panel is built right into the Netmon application and provides direct access to a rich variety of resources Using this panel you can Ml access the Netmon User Guide e Stay up to date on recent network security news with the Security amp Monitoring News Center Y Request technical support through either the Live Chat system or by sendi
41. based on a specific text or regular expression pattern match SNMP Device Monitoring Features Automatic SNMP device discovery service with customizable Community string SNMP MIB Browser Monitor hundreds or thousands of management information points exposed by SNMPv2 capable devices SNMP Trap Alert Service Relay SNMP trap messages sent from your managed devices through your Netmon server appliance Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 12 13 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Upload custom SNMP MIBs for proprietary devices Security Monitoring Features On demand port scanner identifies open ports services Background port scanning service identifies new network services as they appear ARP Probe Service identifies new MAC addresses which have appeared on your network SYSLOG and Event Log Server Features Fully integrated SYSLOG server collect and store logs from all SYSLOG capable devices in a single location Organize syslog event log data by host facility and severity level Powerful built in reporting and search capabilities including support for regular expression pattern matches as well as standard text search Integrated email and pager alert facilities including support for text and regex matching for alerts Monitor Windows event logs with supplied agent software Environmental Monitoring Features Monitor datacenters server rooms wiring closets and other locations
42. button at the top of the Trackers Explorer This opens the Tracker Manager panel 3 Transport Protocol In the Tracker Manager panel choose the type of monitor TCP or ICMP TCP is used to monitor network services and ICMP is used to monitor devices 4 IP Address Enter the IP address of the host to be monitored 5 Friendly Name Enter a friendly name label for the host to be monitored Monitoring Network Devices amp Services Netmon User Guide 40 41 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Devices amp Services Port If you have specified a TCP service to be monitored enter the Port number here A valid port number is any number between 1 an 65 535 Interval The monitoring interval in seconds Monitoring too frequently can generate unnecessary traffic so try to balance polling intervals with your response needs A monitoring interval of 60 seconds often a good choice for non critical devices and an interval of 20 seconds is optimal for mission critical devices Timeout The timeout is the amount of time Netmon will wait for an unresponsive service before queuing an alert in minutes Logging Threshold Choose the type of historical data Netmon By default Netmon will only log entries to the database when it detects that the device or service is DOWN You can however choose various levels of logging verbosity from Disable Logging all the way to Log Everything Once you have entered all of the required information
43. cases some metrics will be unresolved Browsing SNMP MIBs How Neimon Retrieves Management Information Netmon uses the SNMP Walk facility to explore the exposed Management Information Base MIB tree for a particular device Caution SNMP Walks can be very resource intensive operations and have been known to crash some older devices You should always exercise caution when walking mission critical devices especially ones which are already under a heavy workload What is a MIB A Management Information Base MIB generally defines the set of parameters that an SNMP management station can query or set in in an SNMP enabled device It is essentially a collection or more than one of information that can be gathered from an SNMP enabled device Common MIB Data Types Netmon automatically recognizes the following common MIB data types Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 54 55 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP 32 Bit Any 32 bit value This value is generally expressed as an integer Gauge Any 32 bit value This value is generally expressed as an integer Hex A 32 bit hexadecimal number Integer Any valid integer Host Address An IP address OID A numeric OID reference string String A string value Timeticks usually expressed in milliseconds or microseconds Managing Custom SNMP MIBs Netmon permits the uploading of custom MIBs to its repository Once imported OIDs specific in the MIB def
44. ch can be clicked to expand the list Port Netmon identifies the TCP or UDP port of the data stream and shows it in this column If Netmon recognizes the port it will apply a friendly label from its database see Port Label Database In addition Netmon contains a built in protocol dictionary which provides detailed information for a wide variety of protocols To learn more about these ports and protocols you can click the label for additional information which is displayed in the Help amp Resources Panel Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide 34 35 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity Speed The average speed over the last 60 seconds of the data stream Other Tips Alternatively you can use Active Connections Panel automatically i e without having to manually enter the IP address through the Visual Network Explorer VNE To do this simply locate the host you wish to explore in the VNE and double click on it This causes the View Active Connections IP address of the host that was clicked to appear in the VNE toolbar Then simply click the View Active Connections button see illustration at left to automatically open the Active Connections panel for the selected host Panel Actions f Print an instant Quick Report by clicking this button in the panel Panel Port Scan Using Netmon s Port Scanning Tool With this tool you can scan any IP address to see which TCP ports are open and accepting
45. click the Add Tracker button to add the service or device to Netmon s monitoring database Netmon begins monitoring your new device or service within about 10 seconds after adding it Attaching Alerts to a PING or TCP Service Tracker You can attach any number of email and pager alerts to a service or device tracker To configure alerts for a particular tracker click the Alerts link in the appropriate row in the Trackers Explorer This opens the Alerts management panel on the right side of the screen When monitoring services you have the option of being notified when the service goes down entirely or when network latency for that service crosses a certain threshold such as 200ms This feature can often identify failing services before a complete stoppage has occurred To add an email alert take the following steps le Choose a user account from the drop down list in the Email Alert column If you want to be able to subsequently create a Latency analysis report for a particular device or service choose the LOG EVERYTHING option Monitoring Network Devices amp Services Netmon User Guide 41 42 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Devices amp Services 2 Choose a value for Max Latency You can choose Service Down or a latency value from 100ms to 1500ms 3 To attach a Conditional to this alert select the appropriate Conditional from the available drop down list If no Conditionals are configured NONE is the
46. ctivity Netmon User Guide 31 32 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity Absolute View is usually the best way to monitor traffic if you re trying to understand your overall network load Relative View displays traffic according to the most active packet stream on the network In this scenario the most active conversation on your network is displayed with a thick bright red line see the Activity Legend and all of the other conversations are scaled in a linear fashion according to this host Relative View is the best option to use when you want to compare your network traffic to other network traffic It allows you to see how traffic from individual hosts compares against the traffic betweenother active hosts Conversations Using this feature you can customize your view to show the Top 16 Top 32 Top 48 or Top 64 conversations Viewing fewer conversations at once can simplify the view while viewing many conversations at once can give you a broader perspective View Hosts By You can choose to view individual hosts by their IP address or by their host name If you choose to view by Host Name Netmon displays the host using its friendly name if one is available If a friendly name is not available Netmon selects the first entry in its name database giving preference to NetBIOS names followed by DNS names Apply Traffic Filter Using this selection you can apply any one of Netmon s traffic filters to the VNE display Click here
47. d 1 See Using the Help amp Resources Panel on page 27 for more information Troubleshooting Guide Netmon User Guide 104 105 Netmon User Guide Troubleshooting Guide Troubleshooting Email Alerts Here are some tips for troubleshooting Netmon s email alerts 1 Click Settings gt Initial Setup Tasks gt Alert Testing Utility 2 Choose an appropriate Recipient from the available list 3 Click the Send button Netmon will attempt to send a test alert message to the specified recipient You will see the output provided by your mail server in the window If the alert was relayed successfully you ll receive it by email along with an OK message in the output window If the alert was not relayed successfully you will see the error message returned by your mail server in the output window The most common problem seen here is that the mail server is not configured to permit the Netmon server appliance to relay email messages Troubleshooting Pager Alerts Here are some tips for troubleshooting Netmon s pager alerts e Be sure the modem on your Netmon server appliance is connected to a dial tone via the supplied telephone cable This line should be a plain analog line similar to what would be required for a FAX machine Certain phone systems do not provide a dial tone that is usable by the Netmon server e It s important to distinguish between the Pager Terminal Number and the Pager Number The Pager Number is usually the number
48. d or attaching an alert to it Logging SNMP Traps In order to log an SNMP trap Netmon must first recognize it If you click the SNMP Trap Messages button you will see a summary of all trap messages which Netmon has identified To activate logging for a particular trap simply locate it in the list and click the Enable Logging button Netmon will then record incoming traps from that OID to its database Trap Alert Services If you d like to be alerted when a particular type of SNMP trap message arrives you must first enable logging for that trap see above Once you have enabled logging click the Alert A button next to the trap you wish to receive alerts for The SNMP Manager panel opens and you can add an alert recipient to the trap Using the Notes Manager Starting with Netmon 4 0 you can now associate one or more notes to specific devices Using this facility you can record service histories backup configurations and virtually any information that can be stored in a plaintext format Adding a New Note To add a new note to a specific device take the following steps Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 59 60 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP 1 Locate the device in the Devices Explorer and expand the selection so that its sub items are visible 2 Click the Notes selection in the Device tree followed by the Add New Note button in the middle panel 3 Enter a subject line required for the note
49. d to other systems that are likely to be present on a DMZ For enhanced security and only if you intend to monitor traffic and not devices you can assign an invalid dummy IP address to the DMZ interface on your Netmon server appliance Installation and Deployment Guide Netmon User Guide 19 20 Netmon User Guide Installation and Deployment Guide Frequently Asked Questions Can monitor multiple VLANs Yes Netmon can monitor traffic from multiple VLANs provided your core switch supports frame mirroring across VLANs want to monitor activity on a remote branch network How is this done Monitoring network activity at remote sites requires NetFlow protocol support Installing the Netmon Server Appliance A rack mounting kit along with installation instructions is included in your Netmon server appliance package See the enclosed instructions and materials for specific details on installing your system into a server rack Using the Quick Start Guide This 2 page guide is included in your Welcome Package and provides instructions for connecting the power cables keyboard video mouse and network connections Refer to this guide for hardware setup Starting up the Netmon Server Appliance Once power has been connected to the Netmon server appliance it 5 POWER should start automatically If it does not press the white POWER button on the front of the appliance as illustrated here Configuring Basic Networking IP A
50. dates Now button Installing Updates from CD ROM If your network does not permit outbound connections on TCP Port 873 you will need to apply patches and updates manually from a CD ROM image which is available at the following location Link http www netmon ca support downloads Managing the Port Label Database When Netmon recognizes a particular port i e TCP port 80 it applies a friendly label i e HTTP from this table Netmon ships with nearly 2 000 built in port labels To manage the port label database click Settings gt Port Label Database Adding a New Port Label To add a new port label to Netmon s database press the Add New Port Label button which makes an editing window visible Enter the following values in the boxes provided Transport Layer Choose between TCP and UDP Port Number Provide a valid port number from 1 to 65535 Label Enter a brief 36 character maximum friendly label to apply to this protocol port combination Once the correct information has been entered press the Create Port Label button Modifying a Port Label To change an existing port label click the Edit link next to the label you wish to modify An edit window will appear in the Settings Editor on the right side of the screen Made the desired changes to the transport protocol port number or label and click the Update Port Label button to save your changes Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 99 100 Netmon Us
51. ddress Assignment Your Netmon server appliance is configured by default to request an automatic IP address assignment through DHCP In most cases however you will want to assign a static IP address to one or more network interfaces To assign a static IP or make other networking changes you ll need to use the Netmon Shell Control Panel Logging into the Operating System Console You can log into an operating system console directly on the Netmon server itself using an attached keyboard monitor and mouse Or you can use an SSH client to log into Netmon s shell console from a remote computer See How Netmon Monitors Network Traffic on page 29 7 Be sure to specify Keyboard Interactive as the authentication method in your SSH client Installation and Deployment Guide Netmon User Guide 20 21 Netmon User Guide Installation and Deployment Guide The operating system account you ll use is named root The password by default is netmon although this may have and should have been changed after Netmon was initially deployed Successfully logging in will give you a screen similar to the following Linux yourhost yourdomain com 2 6 18 3 686 1 SMP Mon Dec 4 IS RAL gM WINE 2006 16EG IN lo i Nf Seca NY A LS f jel 1 til tc i tw 1 LAN OW Y PEI El Welcome to Netmon Type netmonconfig for setup options netmon Using the Netmon Shell Control Panel The Netmon shell control panel is a sim
52. dministration and Management Netmon User Guide 101 102 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management SYSLOG Server Starts and stops Netmon s built in SYSLOG server If you are not using the SYSLOG server console you can safely stop this service UNIX Partition Monitoring Service This service is responsible for monitoring Linux UNIX disks and partitions If you are not monitoring Linux or UNIX partitions you can disable this service URL Monitoring Service This service is responsible for monitoring websites and web applications If you are not monitoring these systems you can disable this service Windows Share Monitoring Service This service is responsible for monitoring Windows NT 2000 XP shared folders and disks If you are not monitoring Windows disks with Netmon you can safely turn this service off Configuring Individual Services Many Netmon Services have customizable settings For example the Email Alert Service allows you to specify SMTP settings for outbound mail alert messages and the Packet Analyzer Service allows you to adjust your historical data retention policy for that service To configure custom parameters for specific services click the Configure link next to the associated service You ll be brought to a page where you can configure all available items for that service Changing Service Startup Behavior By default Netmon is configured to start most background services when the appliance is booted Howev
53. eeeeeeeesnneeeeeeeeenseneeeeeeeenenents 89 Using the Settings Console inken nd a denned 89 Managing Alert ConditionalS s ctra ota 90 Whatiisan Alert Conditional neersien anaana eoa aa a aa ea ara ddsceeuaSt shedcadiccauraitasaesadieaete 90 Are Conditionals Mandatory diana rr e EE EASTSEE EE NATE eee ie aves 90 Using Conditionals Effectively cut caceetten cteeh e e Bap aeeerd eat te eee 90 Adding an Alert Conditional e id RG ate 90 Removi g an Alert Conditional isso ista tddi di 91 Managing User ACCOUNTS xiii aia il ii iii 91 Mi WING IACCOUNT D e ide ito iii 91 Adding a New User Acci 91 Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 7 8 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Modifying a User ACCOUNTS ii tes suacaseddciuspasaegaadiacuensdacieuaa se ccahs ae Aaa Aa ena e badd A dae 91 Deleting a User ACCION una e ec 91 Suspending a User ACCOUN satsane SESAO reas ete nee aces Gave chante eaten GG 92 Managing Account SA O n aeea Mia eaoaai aanak 92 Understanding Permission Inheritance csccccceseseeeeeseceeeeseneeseneeceneseeneeeeseneesesaeeeseseeseneneeeeesesenaeeensesenees 92 Viewing Group DetalilS tec i cctatecetees erin aS aie Ai 93 Addind aNeWGrouUp ista illa 93 Modityind a ro UPistcraraio dis era a rn e o di aos e Ey dao tie 93 Deleting a Groups eri audio 93 Managing Alert Message Templates c c ccccesecceeesenceeeseeneneeseneeseseeseneseeenseeneesessesenesseseesese
54. eeeeneeceneeseneeeeaeeeeneeseaeeteneeteaeeseneeseaeeseaeeneas 30 Activating NetFlow saan Ave ei ee ee ee ee 30 Using the Visual Network EXplorer ccoo oh cl aces entice epee istiets as dd es eee 31 VNE Basics fin atatwiin tithe tatu dit 31 C st mizing YOU VIEW ciaci n cuenta ees eee 31 A O 32 AGHIVITY ECO ING EAE TE E E ei 33 Other Panel ACTOS A a A A di 33 Panel Active Connections ima esla dara ii aii eds 34 Trafic Stream Direction cat aid 34 A ica are tesco dele cae acne vaa cae eu A Abie aaa dees tesa tee cele nee aoa tices dere ave Aaa 34 Por aa 34 O a O Ae 35 Other TIPS A A A nee ee ia 35 Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 3 4 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Panel ACHONS irec ne apaga aea aeaa N aa RE a a e aa e aE E EE a a a E de caulees sesausaadecaussabtesendgdessute 35 Panel Port SGanes tvcactieced tba ae a a a a a Alene A E AA 35 Using Netmon s Port Scanning Tool ksieni ereina ner a ideale iinet EAEN a aAA 35 Rort Scammer Legendi saarea eraa ccs Seek cic aA aE aE Aaa lila iia in ETEO iS 36 Panel ACUSA E e AR E e E A teenie 37 Panel Host Name S sii ccs esni eich aed ee E a ia oe 37 Searching forHostnamMe Sss a eek a a a it is 37 Removing A Host NaMe seasea bariai keea til id i a 37 Adding a User Defined Host NaMe Tiirinen anenee nel Gh cet ide 38 Network FOOlS iauna a aaa a a a a a a ta 38 Capturing Raw Network Traffic with the Packet Capture TOol ceccce
55. eenesenseseseetenseseneres 24 Panel Recently Discovered Hosts micosis d 25 How Network Auto Discovery Works eurn et nite dia 25 Clearing Entries occ da eaten eet neve Aen cid ieee a SN a aes aon 25 Configuring Alai tener tigi epee reese areiwin Guia a inet erie 25 Panel Top Activity SNAPSHOT issececti eect cribado etn 25 Panel ACH Ons s id o IA rra rai 26 Panel Top Web Destinations ici E ai A iain a ene aaa 26 WhatIs a Web Destinatio Picnic di aia dinette eat 26 Panel ACUSA lt is 26 Panel Top Wep USES codi A A ati a aii ae ee ciate 26 Panel ACtomS 200 eteere teeter eee Re eee 26 Panel Top Ethernet Protocols saie eeecteses cere Ge eeteeetin eters aes aera dane a tater eee bet 27 Panel ACtOMS s seeccez5 sex sch ediece ta er asa 27 Using the Help amp Resources Panel cavidad eee eevee erie dt ead dena edit 27 Other Panel ActONS otdoniarra died inte entangle awed 28 Monitoring Network ActiVi Vcc ceweisenasanadeaeecausavauatsnubnesuceiaadschuabbuaneicaeineraianlaaeaa 29 How Netmon Monitors Network Traffic cccceseceeeseenceeeneeceeeeseneeseseeeesenseeeesesensesessesenenceseseseeaeseseasenenseneesenenes 29 Method 1 Packet Protocol Analyzer sise rinier eieiei da 29 Method 2 NetFlow Protocol ai iindi edie ad nein dita triada ici 30 Using Netmon s Built In Protocol Analy Zens sesizate naninira nonanta eaae peak praana aaa a aiea laats 30 Collecting NetFlow Data Streams from Remote DeVICES cccceecceee
56. eeseseeaenenseneetenener 93 Customizing an Alert Message Template ss acacia haat tae a e a ea 93 Restoring Default Templates cunda 94 Managing Alert Response Commands cccccceesceeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeaeeeeaceeeaeeseaeeeeaeeseaceseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeessaeeeeaeeesaees 94 Creating a New Alert Command iss ceccas scales aise ica vee dau dad ousted docs the dase ata ded ne aude iga 94 Moditying an Existing Alert Command c mica cari asia enviar dads 95 Removing an Aler Gomme Gs cutis caen a EE AAEREN Dra EEEa ASELA ait 95 Managing Host NAMES cover Sesto o a eoi Ai EA a eed ese Soa dees aA eens 95 Searching for Hostname Sirise did maaan didn teste dere 96 Removing a HostNaMe est tact ncn aire tin tate dae Ratna ante tia 96 Adding a User Defined HOSt NAMO viciado 96 Managing Filter Collections sansene insense sanea Mek eaei dai rs 96 Traffic Filters ocn ia aa A OA A T 96 A ceca see cag se cena See Sea cok E A caaue se uyeeev ya access sia ceeu co T tceuesan teense ce cemans cease esse 97 Managing Network Range S arsit taut eini ae ties a Sau A deck odode toed doce dade E T REE EN E eek 97 Adding a New Network Rangers si ieencusenices a des cd keeda eevee ei reka anaes 97 Modifyingsan IP RAN ms is 98 Removing an IP Range from the Database ococoooccccccoccccononnncnnonnnonnnnnnnnnnnononnnnnn nn nnnnn nn n nar rre rnnnnn rr nar n nr nana nenas 98 Using the Netmon Update Service ccc enced ida Meee eh 98 Checking for Updates
57. er you may want to configure your system to start additional services or services on additional network interfaces upon a system boot You may also wish to turn certain services off at boot time To change the startup behavior for a particular service or plugin you change the Automatic Manual flag next to it Setting a service plugin to Automatic will tell your Netmon server to start that service plugin upon system boot Choosing Manual will tell your system to leave that service off at system boot Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 102 103 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management Shutting Down and Restarting the Netmon Server Appliance To properly shut down or reboot the Netmon server appliance properly you ll need to log into the operating system console and issue one of the following commands Restarting the Server To restart the server appliance issue the following console command and press Enter when complete shutdown r now Shutting Down the Server To restart the server appliance issue the following console command and press Enter when complete shutdown h now 18 See Logging into the Operating System Console on page 20 for more information Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 103 104 Netmon User Guide Troubleshooting Guide Troubleshooting Guide Finding Help Need help with your Netmon server appliance We re here to help For Registered Product Subscrib
58. er Guide Administration and Management Removing a Port Label from the Database To remove a port label from the Netmon database simply click the Delete link next to the particular label you wish to delete You ll be prompted to confirm each delete operation Built In Protocol Dictionary If an entry for a particular protocol exists in Netmon s protocol dictionary Netmon displays it when you click the protocol s friendly label If Netmon does not recognize the protocol a generalized entry is displayed Managing Netmon System Services Netmon uses a variety of background services known as daemons in the UNIX world to perform its many monitoring tasks The Netmon Services Manager lets you monitor and manage each of these services for your Netmon server appliance Starting and Stopping Services Each of Netmon s background services can be started or stopped using this console Under normal operating conditions it is generally not be necessary to start or stop any of these services However if you wish to customize various services for different deployment scenarios or if your Netmon server appliance is behaving unexpectedly this panel can be a quick way to tell if Netmon s core services are alive and running Services that are running are denoted with a O icon and services which are off have a icon To change the start stop status of any service simply click the Start Service or Stop Service button next to the service you wish to
59. er tet 80 Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 6 7 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Panel Actions Ni iii 81 Bandwidth Consumption Report sedesi iadaa hed Ae eed eda eae Aileen E AE EE 81 Running a Bandwidth Consumption Report cr EEEE 82 Panel ACO S s gece zs ace sch tec ze chau sexes tian RA E E raid 82 DISK Activity ROP OM iia Ad canes E cess E a Mie een viedo aac de a ernie 82 Panel Actlonsinniananit vee hit titi 83 Latency REPO tics station oi liada deed beds 83 Pane ACUSA iii 83 OID Tracker REDOM iii ee eee in a ele 83 Panel AGtlonS tesina it di al eta avid ei 84 URL Tracker Roportiicimiia dile 84 Panel ACUSA nn ceases a Ria 85 POr Scan Replicas ri aid ii ad a dE le ee de ccna 85 Configuring Network Service Alerts vivida radial adds 85 Panel Acida A ita 85 Alert FlIStOLY Oporto bese 85 Panel Cr 2 0 ore ce ii nee eee iaa 86 Netmon Login Repo dit edie Gaia a vie hele kta vied i lie encode 86 Panel Aclara a A A AR ot rid A avatar ae 86 EA AAPP o cuss de usin dea aiaeeuseuueadassiovaunewssd cxdannuduunndeckivhunnmeastadaeebe 87 Managingthe Backups Folder codi tdi 87 Managing the Enterprise MIBS Folder rissies mica ee 87 Managing Netmon Log Files Li ae len AAA EA a a a a aa A aaa Aaa daaa Eees aeee Eare en ke 87 Managing Traffic Capture Fll6S caravan coat dscns AAE Epia Aia a eE tiga pases 88 Administration and Manageme nt ccccccccsssseeeeeeeeeeeensaseeeeneeeese
60. erJet 4700DN on Enviro MINI Device Page Count Memory Usage Input Yoltage on Cisco ASA 5510 on APC UPS Backup Memory Usage Input Voltage Figure 9 Sample OID Trackers What is an OID An Object Identifier OID represents a single piece of information about your device OIDs belong to a much larger information repository known as a Management Information Base MIB A MIB is a tree like structure similar to the Windows Registry which has OIDs as its branches and leaves Many network devices can expose hundreds thousands or even tens of thousands of OIDs with each one representing some piece of data related to the configuration and operation of that device Browsing OIDs with the MIB Browser You can browse different branches of the MIB tree with Netmon s built in MIB Browser See Browsing SNMP MIBs on page 54 for more information When you find an OID of interest in the MIB Browser you can click the Add Tracker link next to it to have Netmon watch that object at any desired interval Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 56 57 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Creating an OID Tracker Netmon allows you to track virtually any OID management point on the MIB tree OIDs can contain different types of data The most common data types are e Integer Example 125658 e Counter Example 40002 e Gauge Example 55 e String Example HP LaserJet 4600DN When tracking OIDs N
61. ers assistance is just a call or click away e Visit the online User Guide at www netmon ca support manuals e Use the Live Chat feature on the Netmon website www netmon ca support e Use the Live Chat feature in your Netmon Help amp Resources panel e Email us at support netmon ca e Call us toll free at 1 800 944 4511 Troubleshooting the Packet Analyzer Here are a series of tips for troubleshooting Netmon s packet analyzer No Visible Traffic e Ensure that one or both network cards are plugged into a port on the switch which is receiving a copy of all of the network traffic through port forwarding SPAN port mirroring or a similar mechanism e Ensure there is a valid network link by verifying that the network jack itself displays a flashing or solid green light for both network cable connections e Be sure you have not applied a traffic filter or host filter in the Visual Network Explorer which is not present on your network causing no devices and traffic to be shown in the VNE Seeing Partial Traffic e f you re seeing mostly broadcast traffic directed to x x x 255 addresses and only a few instances of other types of activity chances are that port forwarding is not configured correctly your switch Netmon s secondary network card operates in promiscuous mode which means that it will capture all broadcast traffic for the entire network segment being monitored regardless of whether or not port monitoring is correctly configure
62. esceseeeeeeeeseeeeteeeeeneeseaeeseneeseaeeeeneeeeas 38 DNS Lookup Tool ida 39 Traceroute Tool lidiar A Aa 39 Monitoring Network Devices 8 Services oomoocccooncccccconocccncccnnannccnnnnnncnnnnnn cnn errar cnn 40 How Netmon Monitors Devices and ServiceS oconcocinnccinnccoonccconcnnoncnnnncnnoncnnnn nn ran cnn cnn rn cnn 40 Introd cing theTIrackers Console iii di sai 40 Creating a New PING or TGP Service Tracker viaria id 40 Attaching Alerts to a PING or TCP Service Tracker c cceeceeeeceeeeeeeeereeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeseeseneeeseeseneeesieeeeneeseneeenneeees 41 Removing am Existing Ali O a 42 Modifying a PING or TOP S rvice Tracker ricsina orne n n a ras tte rd De cda 42 Removing a PING or LCP Serice Tracker ataca 42 Monitoring Devices SNMP oia bd 43 Introduction to Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP c ceesceeeeteeeeeeeeneeseeeeeaeeseaeeseeeseaeeseneeseneeeeaees 43 TheGood the Bad andithe Ugly oo dra ds ns tr ado ds bras ed dealin del 44 SNMP and ECU ac li aces 44 SNMP s Role ii Network MONItOninG cccccacvesctestcne ciecesecvees eceecccvacee Riesi aiiai ii eii 45 Using the SNMP Automatic Discovery Services i i 6 atreeniini ii niente 46 Using a Different Community Stang lata 47 Using the Devices EXxploren sosia iienaa ae eaa rro dira aTe A a aiaa A apie 47 Adding a New SNMP DEVICE cuidiei icra ura a a e e AA ii EE 48 Updating an Existing SNMP DEVICE sse diia ii A 49 Removing an SNMP DOV E T
63. et 4700DN HP LaserJet 4700DN 4700DN gt li netmon ca Cisco ASA Appliance E Je Rig ese 8 131 157 ADSL mnsi net dyn216 8 131 157 ADSL mnsi net dyn216 8 131 157 ADSL mnsi net Woodslee v9 Testing 84 16 252 118 internetserviceteam com ND 7500 Testing dyn216 8 131 157 ADSL mnsi net HTTP Kbps Es 4 d 4 4 4 b dyn216 8 131 157 ADSL mnsi net HTTP Kbps PS Procurve gt SNMP 3 Xx ND 7500 Testi NIF EJ S estin Probes Kbps 84 16 252 118 in com Last Refreshed Sun Dec 10 2006 14 17 15 GMT 0500 Eastern Standard Time Port Scan PO HP LaserJet 3390 oe 46 80 123 Windows XP Windows XP SNMPInf Help amp Resources Figure 5 Visual Network Explorer VNE How Netmon Monitors Network Traffic Netmon can monitor network activity using either or both of the following facilities Method 1 Packet Protocol Analyzer The Netmon server appliance captures and analyzes all network traffic which passes across its network card s It is most commonly connected directly to a hub or a switch which has been configured to forward a mirrored copy of all the frames traversing that device In these configurations Netmon receives a copy of the packets traveling across the network segment which is being monitored This is typically accomplished using a feature called port Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide
64. eters e A specific time range to a granularity of 1 minute e A specific facility or group of facilities e A specific severity or group of severities e A specific host or group of hosts e A specific text pattern or regular expression pattern Configuring Log Alerts Netmon can alert you when a particular type of log message is collected by the system You can be notified when specific types severities or payloads appear in a log entry Netmon can even 15 Per the License Agreement we can also supply you with a copy of the source code Monitoring SYSLOG and Event Logs Netmon User Guide 66 67 Netmon User Guide Monitoring SYSLOG and Event Logs perform sophisticated pattern matches on incoming log messages through built in support for regular expressions To set up an Event Log Alert take the following steps 1 Click the Manage Syslog Clients link in the Event Log Explorer window 2 Locate the client you wish to monitor for incoming alerts and click the Alerts link next to it 3 Choose the appropriate matches to associate with the incoming alert In the Text Regex field you can enter a text string for basic patter matches or a regular expression for advanced matching 4 Click the Add New Alert button Regular expressions are creating using a powerful expression language which is capable of performing very sophisticated text pattern search matching A discussion of regular expressions is
65. etmon renders nteger Counter and Gauge data types in a similar fashion Text data types are displayed as a small datagrid When you find an OID of interest in the MIB Browser you can click the Add Tracker link next to it to have Netmon watch that object at any desired interval You will then be prompted to enter the following information Label Apply a descriptive label to this OID Tracker Netmon will suggest a label based on the OID you have selected but it can often be beneficial to add additional information here This label is the main descriptive field used for Netmon s email and pager alerts Sample Every The number of seconds between successive polls Be sure to choose an appropriate value here Enable Logging When this box is checked it tells Netmon to record all historical poll results for the specified OID Tracker If the box is left unchecked Netmon simply records the latest result to the database Display on Home Dashboard If this is an important OID Tracker you can display it on the Netmon Home Dashboard Depending on the logging selection you have made see above this tracker will appear as a line chart or a single value panel Attaching Alerts to OID Trackers In addition to tracking OID values Netmon can notify you when the value of an OID exceeds a specific threshold For example you may want to be notified if CPU utilization exceeds 90 or if temperature in a rack enclosure exceeds 85 degrees or if the operatio
66. ever when you suspend a user account you have the later option to re activate it This can be a useful option in cases where access should be temporarily disabled but not permanently revoked For example you may wish to temporarily disable the user accounts of technicians or administrators who are away on vacation To suspend an active account click Suspend in the Actions column To reactivate an account which has been previously suspended click Reactivate in the Actions column Managing Account Groups Account groups allow you to logically group individual Netmon user accounts and bind them to a specific set of permissions that is common between them For example you may want to prevent network technicians from deleting data or making changes to Netmon s configuration while providing senior administrators with more control Netmon ships with four built in account groups You can modify the individual permission settings in each of these groups create your own groups or even remove groups that are not required in your environment Administrators By default this group has full control over the Netmon software application It is strongly recommended that you do not change the permission structure of this group nor should it be removed Backup Users This group is only permitted to perform backup operations such as configuration backups database compact operations and complete data backups Standard Users This is the normal account
67. for more information on traffic filters Apply Host Filter Using this selection you can apply any one of Netmon s host filters to the VNE display Click here for more information on host filters Zoom This tool lets you change the zoom level from 50 to 250 Simply click on any zoom level or you can drag the Zoom handle to adjust your zoom visually Host Legend Internal Non Routable IPs These hosts are displayed in green i e subnets 192 168 x x 10 x x x 172 x x x etc e External Routable IPs These hosts are displayed in orange i e any IP address not included in above non routable ranges Broadcast IPs Broadcast hosts do not actually physically exist and are displayed with a purple label as well as a special icon Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide 32 33 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity Highlighted Any host which has been highlighted with the mouse hovering over it turns blue Hint Click and drag Activity Legend Line Style Absolute View Relative View A 8 Mbps and above x 4 Mbps and above gt 2 Mbps and above v 1 Mbps and above v 16 Kbps and above FEDER 8 Kbps and above E ARANA 4 Kbps and above v UAT 2 Kbps and above Under 2 Kbps Least Active Host Other Panel Actions B Print an instant Quick Report of the current VNE display by clicking this button Realign Map If you ve moved t
68. he map too far and have lost your view of the hosts and or activity this button will realign the display for you Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide 33 34 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity Panel Active Connections This panel shows you all active connections during the last 60 seconds for the selected IP address To use this panel you simply enter the IP address of the host you wish to explore and then press ENTER Alternatively you can double click on any host in the Visual Network Explorer window to see all Active Connections for it If Netmon s network sniffer detects any active connections for the selected IP address they will be displayed in the Active Connections Panel window Each data stream is separated into its own row Traffic Stream Direction The direction of the traffic stream is displayed with an icon as follows amp This data is request traffic Data from the selected host is being uploaded to the remote host which appears in this row amp This data is response traffic Data from the remote host which appears in this row is being downloaded to the selected host Host The name or IP address of the destination host The selected IP address has established a connection to this host If the host name can be resolved Netmon displays the name of the host here If the IP address resolves to multiple names Netmon displays the first hostname in its database along with a icon whi
69. he service you wish to monitor and click the Add Tracker button a 5 Enter the Label you wish to use for the tracker Netmon will pre fill the OID value here svSvcOperatingState but it is a good idea to over write this label with the name of the service you are monitoring 6 Choose how often you want it to sample Sample Every whether you want this tracker logged or not and check off Display on Home Dashboard if you would like this tracker to appear as a Dashboard on your home screen 7 Click Add Tracker to finish 8 Now that the tracker is added we can attach an alert onto it to send us emails when the tracker value changes To do this select OID Trackers under the device in Device Explorer and click Alerts next to the tracker we just created Windows uses the following values for service status 1 not present or not running 1 running 2 continue pending 3 pause pending 4 paused 9 Here you can set up your alert Enter a Label for this alert and select a Recipient and the Media Type by which to send the alert Enter a Value Threshold of 1 and select Comparison Expression to be Not Equal 14 Don t see this header on your device dashboard It is most likely that you have not associated the correct Windows dashboard to the device See Device Dashboards on page 53 for more information on assigning a dashboard to your device Monitoring Windows Services Netmon User Guide 62 63 Netmon User Guide Monito
70. hly detailed performance metrics on network connected devices such as routers firewalls switches servers printers UPS systems and more Introduction to Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Effective network monitoring encompasses a broad range of responsibilities You need to understand your network traffic from several vantage points but it also becomes important to monitor the health availability and load of many different kinds of mission critical devices The solution is the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP a widely supported monitoring and management protocol for network aware devices Managed devices as SNMP capable devices are otherwise known can include things like switches routers multi function printers fax stations firewalls thin clients wireless transmitters and much more Thousands of different devices support the SNMP protocol SNMP provides the ability to query and update a managed device remotely Using this protocol you can retrieve a potentially rich set of information about a particular device data such as inbound and outbound traffic levels current connections CPU load memory status usage history error messages device status and countless other details This is really nice stuff to know Furthermore SNMP write operations can even allow devices to be configured and managed remotely Devices can also be configured to automatically push SNMP data to a remote monitoring or manageme
71. individual protocol port combination 5 Finally you can limit your result set and choose the ordering of the information with the Limit Results To and Order Results By selection boxes 6 Click the Generate Report button Panel Actions B Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Network Activity Report window Conversation Report The Conversation Report allows you to examine network activity between two hosts or two groups of hosts To run a Conversation Report simply click the Conversation Report icon in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps Netmon Reports Netmon User Guide 78 79 Netmon User Guide Netmon Reports Choose a source host or group of hosts to include in your query and make the selection in the Source Host s selection boxes You can run a Conversation Report against All Hosts in the database or you can narrow your search by applying a host filter or specifying an individual source host Choose a destination host or group of hosts to include in your query and make the selection in the Destination Host s selection boxes You can run a Conversation report against All Hosts in the database or you can narrow your search by applying a host filter or specifying an individual destination host to scan Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and
72. ing Alerts for an Interface Netmon can send an email or pager alert when any specified interface goes above a user specified utilization To add or remove email or pager alerts simply click the appropriate selections from the Alert Management panel and choose Add or Del respectively Device Dashboards Device dashboards allow you to view key performance metrics such as CPU usage RAM and much more for several common platforms Expensive SNMP walks are no longer required to review the most common metrics Ele adt mew History Eocimaks Los Help Current User Jason Fomerkeau Devices Evert togs ies setes Lg OF aPC TTT tat sw Device Atte evi Mangere a 2 Sl a a lalo Sa TA raes loin ted OAN System Description Harduar 56 andy 5 Model 4 St ping 3AT AT COMPATIBLE gt Sande Sotwarei WINS 2000 version L EWI 2600 Mukprocesso Fen Furry rs gt tae ENE vo AZAR so LEAT D Firmware Version RITZ last Disonostic test PETE Chargelevel Outou Lad feo srconde E Battery Status Teroeraue IEE E woo m sey ute Pat fie nats Y Fria maw T C Runtime Renan EREET O EEEE 1 Tine on Battery ATTEND L test batery Redes ENEE SNARE ia Shane Seal server Info soocle search themes int ane search EventLog Linta Goote Search a TIS Admin Info Goods Search 0 120 zj Il Cick hare ta ane alit
73. ing steps 1 Click Network gt Tools gt Traffic Capture 2 Choose the number of packets to capture from the available drop down box In most cases it s best to start with smaller captures 100 to 500 packets and progress toward larger ones 1000 or more as necessary 3 Add a label if desired to this capture Labels are used to differentiate between capture files in the File Manager This step is optional 4 Choose the network interface from which to capture packet data You have a choice between ethO and eth1 5 Click the Begin Capture button to start the capture Depending on the size of the capture it may take some time to become available for download in the File Manager Ethereal now known as Wireshark is a free open source protocol analysis package It is the world s most popular tool for this purpose Download a free copy of Wireshark at www wireshark org Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide 38 39 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity DNS Lookup Tool The DNS lookup Tool provides a quick method to perform a DNS record lookup for a particular hostname or IP address Traceroute Tool The Traceroute Tool is a handy tool that evaluates the performance of each network hop between the Netmon server appliance and a target host IP address 1 Some ISPs carriers filter the network traffic which is used to support traceroute activity In these situations attempts to perform a
74. inition will be replaced with the translated human friendly representations Uploading a Custom MIB To upload a custom MIB click the Manage Custom MIBs button at the bottom of the SNMP Device Explorer panel This opens the MIB File Manager in the middle pane Click the Upload New MIB button which opens the SNMP Manager window in the rightmost panel Click the Browse button to locate the MIB file on your local system Once you have selected a file click the Upload button to import it into Netmon In order to successfully import a MIB all of its dependent MIBs must already be present in the system If Netmon detects that a MIB being imported is missing any of these dependencies it may reject the upload with an error message You must identify the missing dependent MIBs usually by examining the IMPORTS declaration at the very top of the MIB definition Viewing a MIB Definition To view an uploaded MIB simply click on its name or select the View link in the Actions column next to the MIB you wish to examine Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 55 56 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Using the OID Tracker Service Netmon s SNMP OID tracker service allows you to watch a specific OID management point for changes This is an extremely flexible service that can be used to monitor hundreds or thousands of different performance metrics from SNMP capable devices Page Count Temperature in 1 10ths degrees on HP Las
75. ions to Netmon user accounts e Full control over each distinct monitoring service Turn off services which aren t needed or required e Specify historical data retention policies for each monitoring service For example you can tell Netmon to keep 8 weeks of network traffic data and unlimited SYSLOG data e Data backup facilities from quick configuration only backups to complete database archiving e Label your own protocols by adding editing or removing entries in Netmon s protocol index e Customize email and pager message templates What s New in Netmon 4 5 Major New Features Improved Windows Service Monitoring Monitoring NT services is now even easier You can browse a list of services and create an OID Tracker with one click from the latest Windows device dashboards New and Improved Device Dashboards Existing dashboards have been improved with new graphical instruments and layout and several new platforms have also been added Monitor Microsoft SQL and Exchange Servers Using optional agents from our new technology partner Informant Systems you can monitor myriad operational details of your SQL database servers IIS web servers and Exchange mail servers New Backup System You can now back up your Netmon data to a remote file share as well as choose which types of data you wish to back up Netmon automatically calculates the size of each database table so you can determine which monitoring facilities consume most of you
76. ish However you ll have to remember to specify the same port number when adding this information to Netmon 2 Create the df script in etc xinetd d with the following content service df disable no ASS socket_type stream wait no USC ESOS servya lestia Che 3 Restart xinetd with the following command lb subi gt Oe sinareievel Alternatively you can use the following command kill HUP lt inetd PID gt 4 Open the Disk Trackers panel located in the Trackers console Monitoring Disks and Partitions Netmon User Guide 72 73 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Disks and Partitions 5 Click the Add New Disk button on the Disk Monitoring panel and choose UNIX for disk type 6 Fill in the following fields then click the Add Disk button IP Address This is the IP address of the UNIX host Port Specify the port number to which Netmon must connect This should be the same port number as entered in Step 1 above Partition Enter the device name of the partition i e dev sda1 or dev hda1 Timeout Specify how long in minutes Netmon should spend trying to connect to the remote host The default timeout period is 5 minutes but this can be set to any interval you choose Interval Specify how frequently in seconds Netmon should check the remote partition The default interval is 300 seconds 5 minutes but this can be set to any interval you choose Threshold When this amount of
77. itor i e servers workstations switching or routing equipment etc Netmon requires a valid IP route to the devices you wish to monitor As a general rule of thumb if you can PING a device Netmon can monitor it e Dol want an internal or external perspective of my services Sometimes the main goal is to monitor your services or devices from the perspective of an external user In this case you would need to locate the Netmon server appliance outside the datacenter on an external network such as a backup or failover site 3 Netmon server appliances have a minimum of two 2 network interface cards NICs and can be configured to monitor more than one physical segment such as a LAN and a DMZ but those segments must be physically close enough to connect a network cable Installation and Deployment Guide Netmon User Guide 17 18 Netmon User Guide Installation and Deployment Guide Recommended Typical Deployment Location In most environments the Netmon server is connected to the core switch on your primary Local Area Network LAN From this perspective it can typically have visibility into all of the following e local and Internet bound network traffic e key servers and network equipment e workstations and other department level devices i e printers e remote networks and devices enn ROUTER FIREWALL CORE SWITCH SWITCH SWITCH WORKGROUP WORKGROUP WORKGROUP Figure 1 Typical Netmon de
78. l Encrypted traffic is now supported along with much stronger authentication mechanisms However there are still relatively few devices which support this new implementation of the protocol despite its age nearly 7 years at the time of writing In the meantime you should review your managed devices and evaluate their roles in your monitoring strategy Check for the following 1 Does the SNMP service on this device need to be active at all Do really need to gather performance data from this device In many cases the answer is Yes 2 Is the Community String set to a strong password phrase 3 What kind of SNMP data is being polled from this device Is it safe for this information to traverse the LAN WAN Internet 4 Have SNMP write operations been disabled SNMP s Role in Network Monitoring SNMP has a few warts but can nevertheless occupy a very effective role in an overall network monitoring strategy Despite the rich variety of information it makes accessible SNMP really shouldn t be used to monitor the network itself Many monitoring and management systems use the SNMP protocol Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 45 46 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP exclusively to gather information about the network but if this is the only way you are monitoring then you re likely to be missing out on the big picture Think about it In most cases you will probably value the integrity of your entire
79. lcome to the Netmon Resource Center This area is designed for quick easy access to a complete set of support resources for your Netmon server Click here to learn more about this feature Outbound Traffic 15 32 54 2 9Kbps z LY E RAN 5 What s New What s new in Netmon 4 57 NEA What s new in Netmon 4 17 4 07 n 3 67 What s new in Netmon 3 5 Figure 4 Netmon Home Dashboard Getting Started Netmon User Guide 24 25 Netmon User Guide Getting Started Panel Recently Discovered Hosts The Netmon network autodiscovery service detects new MAC IP pairs on your network and can alert you of this situation if you wish You can locate this panel at the top right of Netmon s Home dashboard It displays any recently detected MAC IP pairs These entries remain in the panel until they are cleared How Network Auto Discovery Works Netmon uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to probe for new hosts on your local segment s It issues periodic ARP broadcast requests and checks the responses it receives against its database of known MAC addresses When a new MAC address is detected Netmon can be configured to send an alert message Clearing Entries You can remove entries from the recently discovered hosts panel by checking off the entries you wish to delete then click the Clear Selected button There are also two additional buttons provided for convenience Check All and Uncheck All which allow you to select or deselect
80. le choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and time range 4 Click the Generate Report button Panel Actions Bl Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Bandwidth Activity Report window Bandwidth Consumption Report The Bandwidth Consumption Report allows you to measure total network activity for particular subnet s or IP range s This report is useful to identify the largest bandwidth consumers and providers on a particular monitored network Before you run a Bandwidth Consumption Report familiarize yourself with the following report parameters Source Network s This is the subnet or IP range you wish to measure Every IP address in the selected range will be accounted for in the resulting report assuming there is network activity for that address Network s to Exclude Any activity between the source network s and the network s specified here is excluded from the reporting result This feature is useful for example if you want to measure Internet bound bandwidth for a subnet while filtering out any local activities i e activity which is switched internally inside the network border Or you may wish to filter out traffic which is destined to a particular branch office Traffic Filter You can use traffic filters to limit the report result to a specific protocol or group of protocols by making a selection here The defau
81. lt selection includes all network activity regardless of protocol Netmon Reports Netmon User Guide 81 82 Netmon User Guide Netmon Reports Order Results By You choose to produce a report for each individual IP address selected as Source Network s or you can produce a report which summarizes the data for each network subnet range Running a Bandwidth Consumption Report To run a Bandwidth Consumption Report click the Bandwidth Consumption Report icon in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps 1 Choose Source Network s from the available drop down selection 2 Choose Network s to Exclude from the available drop down selection 3 Select a reporting period You can choose from any one of several pre defined values or specify a custom time interval by choosing the Custom option 4 Choose a Traffic Filter if desired to limit the protocols which are included in the reporting results 5 Click the Generate Report button Panel Actions B Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Bandwidth Consumption Report window Disk Activity Report The Disk Activity Report allows you to plot disk utilization over a specified time interval To run a Disk Activity Report simply click the Disk Activity Report icon in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps 1 Choose a disk share or partition to include in your query and make the selection in the Disk Share Partitio
82. modify Note that changes made in this panel are not preserved after reboot so they will need to be made again if you need to restart your Netmon server appliance Overview of Individual Services ARP Probe Service Analyzes ARP packets and records MAC IP pairs This service is used to support new host detection in the Recently Discovered Hosts panel on the Netmon Home Dashboard Background Port Scanning Service With this service enabled Netmon performs regular port scans all of the IP address ranges defined in your Local Network range s Email Alert Service This service supports the forwarding of email alerts to your mail server Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 100 101 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management IP Packet Analyzer Master Process This is Netmon s primary network traffic inspection and protocol analysis service The IP is a misnomer this service is responsible for analyzing network activity at many different OSI layers This service coordinates each instance of a packet analyzer plugin see below allowing incoming data from each interface to be properly managed Packet Analyzer Plugins Interfaces 0 to 3 These plugins examine particular types of network traffic For example the mod_eth plugin examines Layer 2 frame activity while the mod_http plugin looks specifically for HTTP requests at Layer 7 Simply start the desired plugin for each physical interface which is to be monitored f
83. mon User Guide 86 87 Netmon User Guide File Management File Management The Netmon Files Manager console provides a central location for managing various kinds of files including data backups traffic captures proprietary SNMP MIBs and more Here you can view download or delete files as needed To use the files manager simply click the Files button in the top toolbar and then make the appropriate selection from the Folder Explorer on the left side of the window Managing the Backups Folder The Backups folder contains your Netmon data backups as well as various system level backup files including package repositories This is the location where you can view download or delete these items by clicking the appropriate link next to each item If you see a A icon next to any file it means that Netmon does not recognize the file type The default action for these file types is Download Managing the Enterprise MIBs Folder The Enterprise MIB folder contains proprietary enterprise specific MIB files which have been uploaded through Netmon s Custom MIBs feature You can view these files download them or print them If you see a A icon next to any file it means that Netmon does not recognize the file type The default action for these file types is Download Managing Netmon Log Files The Netmon Logs folder contains logging output for each of Netmon s background services such as the IP Protocol Analyzer or Syslog Server
84. n User Guide 89 90 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management Managing Alert Conditionals What is an Alert Conditional An Alert Conditional provides fault tolerance for false alert situations Imagine what might happen if the Netmon server itself were to become disconnected from the rest of the network Since it would be unable to reach any of the services and devices it is monitoring it might incorrectly assume that all of those services and devices were down and trigger the appropriate email and pager alerts Nobody wants to receive an avalanche of alert emails and or pager beeps False alerts can be prevented with the use of a Conditional which is simply an IP address that Netmon checks in order to ensure that an alert situation is genuine If the IP address specified in the Conditional is determined to be alive through a simple ICMP PING echo request Netmon knows that the alert situation is real On the other hand if the IP address specified in your Conditional is unresponsive Netmon withholds the alert since this would indicate that Netmon itself had a connectivity problem Are Conditionals Mandatory No Conditionals are optional and you do not have to specify any Their use is recommended only to prevent unwanted false alarm situations Using Conditionals Effectively In most cases you only need to set up two conditionals one which tests internal connectivity such as the IP address of a domain controller
85. n selection box 2 Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and time range 3 Click the Generate Report button Netmon Reports Netmon User Guide 82 83 Netmon User Guide Netmon Reports Panel Actions Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Disk Activity Report window Latency Report The Latency Report analyzes all of the TCP Service Trackers PING Service Trackers and Disks which have been configured in the Netmon Trackers console and provides an average latency in milliseconds for each service for the time interval specified Please note that in order to run a Latency Report for a specific device service you first need to enable full historical logging for that device service By default Netmon does not keep historical data for devices or services for performance reasons To run a Latency Report simply click the Latency Report icon in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps 1 Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and time range 2 Click the Generate Report button Panel Actions B Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Latency Report window OID Tracker Report An OID Tracker Report allows you to examine hi
86. nal state of a service is anything except running To attach an Alert to an OID Tracker take the following steps Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 57 58 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Locate the desired device in the Device Explorer window on the left side of the Devices console and click on it Click the OID Trackers button l in the device toolbar Locate the Tracker you wish to attach alert parameters to and then click the Alerts link next to it Enter the comparison value and expression in the boxes provided and click the Add Alert button Netmon will evaluate the comparison expression at each polling interval If the comparison expression evaluates to false during any checkup an alert message is relayed Modifying an Existing OID Tracker To edit the tracker click Edit Do delete the alerts for a tracker click Alerts next to the tracker and then press Del next to the alert you wish to delete Note It is not possible to edit existing alert parameters To modify an alert you must delete it and create a new one Removing an OID Tracker To delete your new tracker simply press Del next to your tracker in the list of OID Trackers for that device All associated alerts for that OID will also be removed automatically OID Tracking Tips The OID Tracker service is ideal for monitoring specific metrics that may not be exposed on a Device Dashboard In many cases hundreds or even tho
87. names only HTTP Requests only or User Defined Names only Removing A Host Name In some cases a host name may no longer be accurate or relevant In these cases you ll want to trim Netmon s name database by deleting inaccurate or outdated names To delete any name simply click the Delete link in the Actions column beside the particular name which you wish to remove You ll be prompted to confirm that you really do wish to delete Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide 37 38 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity this name from the database If you re certain click the OK button to proceed and Netmon will remove the name from its database Adding a User Defined Host Name You can apply your own friendly host name to any IP address Click the Add New Host button in the Manage Hostname Database panel An editing window will open in the Settings Editor panel on the right side of the screen Enter the IP address and label then click the Add Hostname button Your IP address will now appear as your friendly label throughout the application Network Tools The Tools panel contains a variety of useful network diagnostic tools Capturing Raw Network Traffic with the Packet Capture Tool Netmon features a low level packet capture utility which can record network activity payload and all for further analysis in a protocol dissector such as Ethereal Wireshark To use the raw packet capture tool take the follow
88. names which contain the text google simply enter google into the Search Text IP Address box Then click the Search button If you wish you can customize your search to NetBIOS names only DNS names only HTTP Requests only or user defined names only Removing a Host Name In some cases a host name may no longer be accurate or relevant In these cases you ll want to trim Netmon s name database by deleting inaccurate or outdated names To delete any name simply click the Delete link in the Actions column beside the particular name which you wish to remove You ll be prompted to confirm that you really do wish to delete this name from the database If you re certain click the OK button to proceed and Netmon will remove the name from its database Adding a User Defined Host Name You can apply your own friendly host name to any IP address Click the Add New Host button in the Manage Hostname Database panel An editing window will open in the Settings Editor panel on the right side of the screen Enter the IP address and label and then click the Add Hostname button Your IP address will now appear as your friendly label throughout the Netmon application Managing Filter Collections One of the most powerful features in Netmon is the use of filters Filters allow you to look for specific kinds of traffic or narrow your view to a certain set of IP addresses or both You can use filters in the Visual Network Explorer VNE and they c
89. nd drives do the following 1 If you have not already done so create a shared folder on your Windows machine according to the security considerations listed below 2 Open the Disk Trackers console by clicking on Trackers gt Disk Trackers 3 Click the Add New Disk button on the Disk monitoring panel and choose Windows for disk type 4 Fill in the following fields and then click the Add Disk button Domain Name This is the name of the domain or workgroup to which the host belongs Monitoring Disks and Partitions Netmon User Guide 68 69 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Disks and Partitions IP Address This is the IP address of the Windows host Username This is the login or account name which has permission to access the share Password This is the password for the account which has permission to access the share Share Name If you have entered a valid domain IP address username and password this field will automatically display a list of available shares If the information supplied is invalid an error message will appear here Timeout Specify how long in minutes Netmon should spend trying to connect to the remote host The default timeout period is 5 minutes but this can be set to any interval you choose Interval Specify how frequently in seconds Netmon should check the remote share The default interval is 300 seconds 5 minutes but this can be set to any interval you choose Threshold When this percentage of
90. network over that of any individual host SNMP is great to gather data about devices but in these situations you just can t beat a packet sniffer to get a real understanding of your network s actual state Nevertheless SNMP plays an important role in an overall network monitoring strategy Netmon is capable of retrieving traffic related information from a wide variety of SNMP capable devices and the nice part is that it can grab data for each distinct network interface This is especially helpful for switches firewalls and routers where you ll want to monitor traffic levels across each physical port To work with this information you ll need to take two steps To gather SNMP traffic data from your device first enable SNMP on your managed device and configure it to allow SNMP read or polling operations This process varies greatly by manufacturer Some devices like switches and routers may need to be configured through a command line interface while other devices such as printers and other multifunction products may provide a nice slick web interface Be sure to specify a strong community string pass phrase wherever possible The second step is to add your SNMP device in Netmon s SNMP Device Explorer You ll have to supply your device s community string to Netmon Once you have added your device the Netmon SNMP Service will begin polling that device for information For additional configuration information see the Netmon User Guide
91. ng e Basic Setup Tasks e Define Alert Conditionals e Customize Alert Templates and Alert Commands e Use Data Management Tools which can help you perform data backups e Manage Traffic and Host Filters e Manage Netmon s Host Name Database e Define Local Networks for reporting and display purposes e Manage Netmon System Services e Manage the Port Label Database e Manage Netmon User Accounts Netmon 4 5 Mozilla Firefox Settings Explorer Manage User Accounts Settings Editor EJES o Help amp Resources Admin Backup backup netmont ca Details Edit EE 3 Initial Setup Tasks l Alert Message Templates Database Backup i as Administrator Netmon admin netmon ca Detail te Delete Managing Netmon User Accounts E Y Filter Collections Gierke Andreas andreas datamex com Details Edit Reactivate Delete me 7 Traffic Filters E Kalar Brian brian kalar phtec Details Edt Reactivate Delete j ment E u A _ _ A Viewing Account Details y Host Filters a Lamoureux Eric eric nextdimensio Details Edit Suspend Delete Modifying a User Account as E Mastronardi Chris chris netmon ca Details Edit Reactivate Delete Muth ee jee netmon ca Detail Edt Suspend Delete Deletina a User Account 1 Netmon Ser
92. ng a message through the built in Support Request Form e learn more about specific parts of the Netmon application with context sensitive buttons located throughout the Netmon user interface Getting Started Netmon User Guide 27 28 Netmon User Guide Getting Started Other Panel Actions e As you move between different pages in the Help amp Resources panel these buttons can help you navigate e Bi All of the pages which are displayed in the Help amp Resources panel are automatically printer friendly Just click this button for a perfect printed document Getting Started Netmon User Guide 28 29 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity Monitoring Network Activity One of Netmon s core strengths is the ability to monitor and analyze different types of local and remote network traffic at a highly detailed level Netmon 4 5 Mozilla Firefox File Edit view LEE Bookmarks Tools Help a 2 ys tal A o Version E Home Trackers Networks Devices Eventlogs Reports Settings Log Off Current User Jason Pomerleau Visual Network Explorer Active Connections Source Interface Traffic View Conversations View Hosts By Apply Traffic Filter Host 10 10 1 95 QB Local IP Packet Anal Absolut Max 64 Host Ni All Trafi OC acl nalyzer Iv solute Iv x Ika O lame Iv raffic i Host zoom S U 0 selected osts 50 wo 150 200 250 O A demo netmon ca ape i ca e EY a HP LaserJ
93. nt system For example you might configure a laser printer to send information about current toner level These UDP datagrams are known as SNMP traps and they re generally sent to a remote monitoring system where they re collected and handled appropriately Netmon 3 5 will feature an SNMP trap handling engine The SNMP Protocol The SNMP protocol itself is a relatively simple request response protocol It works at the application layer and typically utilizes UDP ports 161 and 162 The choice of UDP may seem a bit unusual for a request response protocol but SNMP was designed from the outset to move across the network as non critical traffic In high load situations UDP packets that are dropped from the network are not resent by the originating host This reduces network congestion in critical load situations To ensure that SNMP traffic Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 43 44 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP doesn t unnecessarily burden a network its designers skipped the higher overhead of a full blown TCP connection in favor of a more graceful failure scenario Every managed device keeps a hierarchical database of values known as a Management Information Base MIB These MIBs are sent as numerical indexes known as object identifiers or OIDs in the SNMP packet payload and each one represents some type of configuration detail Each MIB has an associated meaning such as the following MIB Cisco Router
94. of neare Z E Pomer topat Figure 8 Sample Device Dashboards Assigning a Dashboard to a Device To use a built in dashboard for your device take the following steps 1 Ensure that there is a dashboard for your particular device 2 Click the Devices button in the top toolbar 3 Locate your device in the Device Explorer on the left side of the screen When you find your device click on its name This will open the device s current dashboard 4 Locate the SNMP Manager window on the top right corner of the screen Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 53 54 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP 5 Make the appropriate dashboard selection in the Device Dashboard drop down box 6 Click the Update Device button Troubleshooting Dashboards e Device dashboards require appropriate SNMP support on the monitored host If SNMP services are not enabled on your target device you will not be able to retreive any dashboard data for that device e In addition to SNMP support on the target device Netmon also requires the appropriate MIB file s which match the target device profile in its own MIB repository These MIB files are in most cases stored in your Netmon system automatically but it is possible to inadvertently remove them in Netmon s MIB File Browser e Not all metrics will necessarily be exposed by all devices which belong to a particular classification In these
95. ogs Netmon User Guide 65 66 Netmon User Guide Monitoring SYSLOG and Event Logs Considerations for Event Log Monitoring SYSLOG is a push oriented format so most systems that support it are capable of sending log data to a monitoring system with a few small configuration changes Windows Event Logs on the other hand were not designed to be forwarded to other systems but are instead are stored only locally in the file system An agent is therefore required to retrieve these logs and perform the task of sending them to a remote system Using the SNARE Windows Agent Netmon recommends and distributes with all Netmon products on CD ROM the SNARE for Windows Agent which gathers Event Log data and sends it in a SYSLOG compatible format to your Netmon system The SNARE Windows Agent is highly respected open source package which has no licensing costs So you can deploy it on as many systems as you desire and is also supported by Netmon technical staff Netmon can provide you with a copy of SNARE Agent for Windows at no charge Contact technical support for more information Searching the Log Repository Netmon provides several quick search options in the Event Log Explorer but there are times when you want to perform more finely grained searches of your log repository Using the Event Log Search panel located on the rightmost side of the Event Log console you can search the log repository by any or all of the following param
96. ome to Netmon Professional Edition Create and label your own custom protocols Protocol Dictionary features detailed information on over 125 IP layer protocols Capture local network activity on up to two 2 separate physical networks with dual onboard Gigabit network cards Device Monitoring Features Assign friendly names and icons to individual hosts for simplified reporting and visibility Monitor Windows Services Monitor Windows NT 2000 XP 2003 shared folders and volumes Monitor Linux UNIX and Solaris disks and partitions Monitor SYSLOG data from routers firewalls switches and other SYSLOG capable systems Monitor Windows Event Logs with supplied SNARE Agent software Email and Pager Alert Features Fully integrated email and pager alert system Customizable alert message templates Support for alert escalation Prevent false alerts with Alert Conditionals Service or device UP DOWN notifications Bandwidth utilization alerts in out or sum of both SNMP Trap Handling Relaying Service ICMP ping availability alerts Full TCP handshake monitoring for specific IP network services such as FTP Telnet HTTP SSH and others Service connection latency alerts 100ms to 1500ms Protocol activity notifications i e P2P traffic Disk capacity amp availability alerts Windows Linux UNIX New network service alerts i e opened TCP UDP port New host detection alerts based on MAC identification Event log message alerts
97. only option Complete the action by clicking the Add Alert button Click here for more information on Conditionals Removing an Existing Alert To remove an alert which has already been set click the Delete link next to the associated alert Modifying a PING or TCP Service Tracker To modify the tracking parameters for a device or service which has already been set up take the following steps 1 Locate the device or service you wish to modify in the Trackers Explorer 2 Click the Edit link which appears in the same row as the selected service This opens the Tracker Manager window and displays all of the configurable information for this particular service Some items cannot be changed such as the IP address or the Protocol Port information 3 Once you have made your desired changes click the Update Tracker button Removing a PING or TCP Service Tracker To remove an existing service monitor take the following actions 1 Locate the service you wish to remove in the Trackers Explorer 2 Click the Del link which appears in the same row as the tracker you wish to remove 3 A confirmation window appears asking if you re sure you want to remove this service from the database If you re sure click OK otherwise click the Cancel button Monitoring Network Devices amp Services Netmon User Guide 42 43 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon has a wealth of features for monitoring hig
98. onsole 5 Click the Add New Disk button on the Disk Monitoring panel and choose UNIX for disk type 6 Fill in the following fields then click the Add Disk button IP Address This is the IP address of the UNIX host Port Specify the port number to which NetMon must connect This should be the same port number as entered in Step 1 above Partition Enter the device name of the partition i e dev sda1 or dev hda1 Timeout Specify how long in minutes NetMon should spend trying to connect to the remote host The default timeout period is 5 minutes but this can be set to any interval you choose Interval Specify how frequently in seconds NetMon should check the remote partition The default interval is 300 seconds 5 minutes but this can be set to any interval you choose Threshold When this amount of space is ex ceeded NetMon will trigger an alert The default threshold is 90 but this can be set to any amount you choose Monitoring Disks and Partitions Netmon User Guide 71 72 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Disks and Partitions Adding a New UNIX Partition xinetd Method Use this method if your system uses xinetd Monitoring a Unix partition requires a minor change to two configuration files on the remote system These files are called etc services and etc inetd conf 1 Insert the following line into etc services df SUOM cp DF We have specified port 5001 here but you can actually choose any port number you w
99. oot user account right away as this account has full system wide privileges and could provide an easy and dangerous point of entry for an attacker To change the password you ll need to log into the operating system console This can be done in your server room with Netmon connected directly to a keyboard and monitor or KVM switch or you can use an SSH client to log into Netmon remotely In either case you will login into the Linux console using the user account root with a password of netmon Once you have logged in take the following steps 1 Type passwd root at the console prompt 2 You will be prompted to enter the new password twice in order to ensure accuracy 3 Be sure to remember your new password If it is lost you will need to reset it from the Rescue CD at the direction of Netmon Technical Support personnel Installation and Deployment Guide Netmon User Guide 22 23 Netmon User Guide Getting Started Getting Started Once your server has been physically installed and basic setup has been completed you are ready to log into the Netmon application Logging Into the Netmon Application To log in simply type Netmon s IP address into a web browser which can access that IP address like this http netmon_ip_address This will display the Netmon login screen as follows Figure 3 Netmon Web Login Screen Username and Password for Initial Login If you are logging in for the first time use the User ID
100. or other high uptime device and another which tests external connectivity For external connectivity tests choose the IP address of a highly available web destination such as Google com Adding an Alert Conditional To add a new conditional select Alert Conditionals from the Settings Explorer and click the Add New Conditional button A dialog window opens in the Settings Editor panel on the right side of the screen Enter the IP address of the conditional in the IP Address and specify a friendly name in the Conditional Name field To add this conditional to the database press the Add Conditional button when you have finished entering the preceding information Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 90 91 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management Removing an Alert Conditional To remove an alert conditional from Netmon s database select Alert Conditionals from the Settings Explorer and click the Delete link next to the conditional you wish to remove You ll be prompted to confirm your decision click OK to proceed with removal of the selected conditional or Cancel to abort the operation If you remove a conditional you will also remove that conditional from any previously configured alerts Other previously configured conditionals for existing alerts will remain unchanged Managing User Accounts Each individual who uses Netmon should have an individual user account These people might include network admini
101. or that type of activity Name Resolution Service Responsible for resolving DNS and NetBIOS names for hosts which appear in Netmon s protocol analyzers This service is generally best left active unless you have specific reasons for not resolving DNS names NetFlow Collector This service analyzes incoming NetFlow datagrams and processes them according to the rules and policies set forth in the Devices section and the service configuration settings Pager Alert Service This service manages Netmon pager alert system If you are not using pager alerts you can safely stop this service Service Monitor This service handles ICMP and TCP Trackers in the Netmon Trackers console In most cases this service should be left running SNMP AutoDiscovery Service This service scans your Local Network range s for SNMP capable devices and tries to connect to those devices If Netmon discovers an SNMP capable device it adds it to a list of discovered hosts in the SNMP console SNMP Interface Monitor This service monitors and records bandwidth utilization for network interfaces on SNMP capable devices SNMP OID Tracker Service This service is responsible for monitoring user defined management points on SNMP capable devices If you are not monitoring custom Object IDentifiers OIDs you can disable this service SNMP Trap Handler This service processes and stores SNMP trap messages and optionally hooks into Netmon s email and pager alert system A
102. osed To run a complete scan simply select this option in the Port Scan Panel and click the Scan button to begin You ll receive a warning Custom Scan This mode scans a host for a user specified port or port range This type of scan is most useful when you are looking for something very specific To scan a single port select the Range option which enables text to be entered in the Range text box Enter the port number in this box and then click the Scan button To scan a range simply enter a starting port a dash and an ending port i e 1000 2000 Scanning Firewalled Hosts Scanning a firewalled host can be a good way to ensure that the firewall is exposing only absolutely necessary services Keep in mind however that scanning a firewalled host tends to take much longer than an equivalent scan against a non firewalled host This is due to the fact that firewalls do not acknowledge connections on any port which is not permitted to pass through Thus the port scanner must wait until a specified timeout period has been reached before it can determine that a port is truly closed Scanning a fully firewalled host i e a host in which no ports are open or a host which has been configured to ignore ICMP PING requests can result in a Host is unresponsive or behind a firewall message In practice a fully firewalled host should not appear to exist at all so port scans against them are generally pointless Microsoft Windows XP SP2 machines ha
103. ple menu driven shell application which is used to configure basic networking on your Netmon server appliance Starting the Netmon Control Panel You can start up the Netmon Control Panel by typing the following command netmonconfig The Shell Control Panel offers several menu based options You can use the arrow keys or the tab key to move between each option and use the ENTER key to select one Configure Network Interfaces Configure basic networking including static dynamic IP address assignment default gateway host identification etc This is a wizard style interface which takes you through each item step by step Restart Netmon Services Perform a low level restart of all Netmon system services Restart Database Server This option restarts the PostgreSQL database service See Changing the System Password on page 22 Installation and Deployment Guide Netmon User Guide 21 22 Netmon User Guide Installation and Deployment Guide Run Diagnostics Test This option performs system level diagnostic tests to verify the running status of all critical Netmon services including DNS gateway and all Netmon system services Quit Returns you to a normal shell prompt Final Deployment Tasks Changing the System Password Netmon ships with one built in operating system account root The root account is used for configuration and administrative purposes For security reasons it is a good idea to change the password for the r
104. ployment scenario In this diagram the Netmon server appliance is placed such that it can gather performance data from virtually any device on the network as well as monitor any network traffic that is hitting the core switch Depending on your existing firewall policies access to remote networks and devices may require configuration changes to your firewall Monitoring remote network traffic requires NetFlow protocol support on the remote network Installation and Deployment Guide Netmon User Guide 18 19 Netmon User Guide Installation and Deployment Guide Alternate Deployment Monitoring Multiple Physical Segments Netmon server appliances have between 2 and 4 network interfaces which means that you can monitor more than one physically separate network such as a LAN and a DMZ The following illustration depicts this scenario SWITCH Figure 2 Monitoring multiple physical segments In this diagram the Netmon server appliance has a physical connection to both networks and can access devices on both networks Each network interface on the server appliance is given a valid IP address on each network 5 This arrangement has some security implications Since the Netmon server appliance lives on both networks it could potentially be used as a staging point to attack the LAN from the less protected DMZ segment Fortunately properly configured the Netmon server appliance has a fairly small attack surface area compare
105. port button Panel Actions f Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Web Traffic Report window UP DOWN Time Report This report provides a summary of the availability of each of your monitored services and disks for the time interval specified To run an UP DOWN Time Report simply click the UP DOWN Time Report icon in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps 1 Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and time range 2 Click the Generate Report button Panel Actions al Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the UP DOWN Report window Bandwidth Activity Report A Bandwidth Activity Report plots bandwidth utilization for SNMP device interfaces such as those found on routers firewalls switches and servers for a given time interval Note You can only run a Bandwidth Activity Report if you have enabled historical logging for an interface Netmon Reports Netmon User Guide 80 81 Netmon User Guide Netmon Reports To run a Bandwidth Activity Report simply click the Bandwidth Activity Report icon in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps 1 Choose a device from the SNMP Device drop down menu 2 Choose an interface for the selected device from the Interface drop down menu 3 Choose a reporting period Availab
106. r disk space Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 14 15 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition SNMP Object OID Tracker Report You can now generate reports on the managed objects you are monitoring with your Netmon system URL Tracker Report You can now generate reports on the performance of your URL Trackers Minor Enhancements and Bugfixes e Syslog event log searches can now be performed to a granularity of 1 minute e Added color coding indicators for Syslog event log facilities and severities e Added standard Device toolbar for all device dashboards e Renamed OID Trackers to SNMP Object OID Trackers e Renamed TCP Service Monitors to TCP Service Trackers e Renamed ICMP Monitors to PING Trackers e Renamed Disk Monitors to Disk Trackers e Renamed URL Monitors to URL Trackers e Faster SNMP walks and OID queries through a new SNMP proxy service e Many thanks to Mark James who provided many of the icons used in the updated user interface e Added file size column in the FILES directory viewer e Users now have the option to enable disable SNMP Autodiscovery and or Background Port Scanner on each individual user defined Network Range e Improved interface state monitoring Netmon now shows the UP DOWN state of each network interface on device dashboards e Added support for the Opera and Safari Konqueror web browsers e Port Scan Report now allows users to create TCP service tr
107. rd historical bandwidth utilization data for this interface in the database The length of time that data is kept depends on the historical data policy you set for the SNMP Interface Monitoring Service and can range from 1 day to forever When this checkbox is selected you ll see a M icon next to that interface in the Device Explorer Enable NetFlow This checkbox sets whether or not Netmon should expect incoming NetFlow packets from this interface When this checkbox is selected you ll see a Ml icon next to that interface in the Device Explorer SNMP Interface Graph The SNMP interface graph shows the input output information for that interface To view the interface graph click on the interface itself in the Device Explorer or locate it in the Network Interfaces branch of the Device Explorer tree and you ll be brought to the Interface Explorer The type of graph you ll see depends on whether or not you ve enabled SNMP logging for that interface If SNMP logging is enabled for the interface you ll see a line chart showing inbound and outbound bandwidth utilization going back 30 minutes If SNMP logging is not enabled you ll see a bar graph showing the last inbound outbound traffic statistics for that interface Did you know You get an exact traffic figure for each point on the graph by holding your mouse over the data point Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 52 53 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Configur
108. requests To scan a host simply enter its IP address in the IP Address field of the Port Scan panel Then click the Scan button to begin the scanning process If the Port Scan Panel is not visible click on its title bar to expand it Caution Be careful when scanning hosts that don t belong to you Probing a remote network with a port scanning tool is often considered a form of intrusion attempt Types of Port Scan You can run up to 3 different types of scan with this tool Standard Scan This mode scans several hundred well known ports This type of scan is probably the best choice for everyday audits where an administrator s biggest concern is typically focused toward the exposure of common services like FTP HTTP or file and printer sharing To run a standard scan simply select this option in the Port Scan Panel and click the Scan button to begin Standard scans against non firewalled hosts should be complete in under 10 seconds while a scan against a firewalled host may take a minute or more Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide 35 36 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity Complete Scan This mode scans all 65 535 possible ports It takes longer to run a complete scan especially against a firewalled host so generally it is best used when you suspect that a particular host may have been compromised by intruders viruses and or other types of malware or if you have concerns that non standard services may be exp
109. ring Windows Services 10 Click Add Tracker to finish 11 Your alert is now set up You should receive an alert when a Windows Service stops running Modifying an Existing Windows Service Tracker To edit the tracker click the Edit link next to your tracker in the list of OID Trackers for that device Note It is not possible to edit existing alert parameters To modify an alert you must delete it and create a new one Monitoring Windows Services Netmon User Guide 63 64 Netmon User Guide Monitoring SYSLOG and Event Logs Monitoring SYSLOG and Event Logs Using the Event Log Explorer Netmon s built in SYSLOG server allows you to manage SYSLOG and event log data from a variety of hosts in a single integrated console Netmon 4 5 Mozilla Firefox Y Event Log Explorer Event Log Viewer Event Log Search e i Manage Syslog Clients Dec 10 Cisco ASA of 58 3 106014 Deny inbound icmp src H HA EMERGENCY i o Fo 206 Appliance ERROR o 108 29 187 dst O ALERT 14 35 13 10 10 1 1 Outside 216 8 158 158 type 8 code 0 454 2 106001 Inbound TCP Dec 10 Cisco ASA connection denied from Fo 2006 Appliance EEN 216 8 131 49 2733 to 14 35 04 10 10 1 1 216 8 158 159 5900 flags SYN on interface Outside A5A 2 106001 Inbound TCP Dec 10 Cisco ASA connection denied From F 2006 Appliance LOCALS SAN 216 8 131 48 2733 to 14 35 01 10 10 1 1 216 8 158 159 5900 flags SYN on
110. risii ateit eiaei eedeg edad ub ade ee ov Sa EATER hes deeds eae 65 Monitoring Windows Event Logs srala d is lanai Akiva eed hei din Ri Aa ie hide neers 65 Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 5 6 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Considerations for Event Log MOnitoring ccccecsceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeseeeeeeaeeseaeeseaeeseeeeseaeeseneeseaeeseaeeseaeeseneeseas 66 Using the SNARE Windows Agent eiii aaa ii desert ascends 66 Searching the Log Repositorio a 66 Gonfiguring Log Alerts iaa ii Ges Seely cach cea See eiii E ia aes geet cae 66 Monitoring Disks and Partitions cin sanaunewned bisncsteedusuadstvankienstdegacens 68 How does Netm n monitor disks and partitions icon id eee ieee 68 Monitoring Windows Volumes oietan a pekeee genad en ae aina aeae eaa seed eraa ey dane e Sra aek eiaa ea a aie alaia 68 Adding a New Windows Share cecccceceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeseneeseneeseneeeeieeeeneeeeneeenneeess 68 ModifyingDisk Parameters isin iian oinei iaaii iaaa see SA eiaa Eaa E dai ada 69 Removingia Monitored DISK doors a e a te teria ee 69 Contiguring Alerts for a Monitored Disk sek caves denacs seine esrcesuiaigatvevespaaaeesieaeneepi Gest di 70 Security Considerations for Monitoring Windows Shares ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseaeeeeaeeseaeeseneeseaeeseneeseas 70 Monitoring Linux and Unix Partitions sica and io eataa 70 Adding a New
111. rol Panel gt Administrative Tools gt Services Locate the service called SNMP Service and make sure it is running 5 Right click the SNMP Service and select the Properties option 6 Select the Agent tab and make sure all the services are checked 7 Select the Security tab where you can configure the community string and which hosts SNMP will accept requests from Be sure to make a note of this community string You ll need to provide it to Netmon later 8 Click the OK button 9 Restart the SNMP service by right clicking on it and choosing Restart Service Part Il Monitoring a Windows Service in Netmon Now that SNMP is running on your Windows server we can now configure Netmon to monitor Windows services This is done through the Devices section as follows 1 Click the Devices button in the Netmon top toolbar Monitoring Windows Services Netmon User Guide 61 62 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Windows Services 2 Add the Windows device to your SNMP device list if it is not already present See Adding a New SNMP Device on page 48 for more information Be sure you specify an appropriate Windows dashboard 3 In the Device Explorer click on the Windows device This will bring up its dashboard where you will be able to see various pieces of information for the target system You will also see a section called Services Summary Click on the link below the header to see a list of Windows services 4 Locate t
112. rt Name in the text box which appears at the top of the Report Builder panel Then click the Save button to save the parameters you have entered When saving a report Netmon retains all of the information you enter except for custom date time ranges Netmon Reports Netmon User Guide 77 78 Netmon User Guide Netmon Reports Network Activity Report The Network Activity Report allows you to query Netmon s network traffic database for any type of activity for any host To run a Network Activity Report simply click the Network Activity Report icon in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps 1 Choose a source interface from the available drop down box You can select Netmon s built in Local Packet Analyzer or any NetFlow enabled interface 2 Choose a host or group of hosts to include in your query and make the selection in the Hosts selection boxes You can run a Network Activity report against All Hosts in the database or you can narrow your search by applying a host filter or specifying an individual host to scan You can even look for hosts which have a specific text pattern in their names 3 Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and time range 4 Choose the type of TCP IP traffic to scan You can scan for All Activity or you can narrow your search by applying a traffic filter or specifying an
113. se used for E 3 ASA DMZ Interface W VLANs and local loopbacks E 4 ASA Management Interface Events and Logs sam SNMP MIB Walk Full qq SNMP MIB Walk Enterprise say SNMP Object OID Trackers E SNMP Trap Messages enviro2 10 10 1 211 Enviro MINI Device 10 10 1 7 HP LaserJet 3390 10 10 1 5 Basic Interface Information Interface Monitoring Options SNMP Interface Graph Configuring Alerts for an Interface Basic Interface Information Netmon displays the following information For the selected interface Interface This is the interface number HP LaserJet 4700DN 10 10 1 6 reported by the device HP ProCurve Lab 10 10 1 136 Speed This is the maximum speed of the HP ProCurve Production 10 10 1 2 interface measured in bits per second bps Microsoft SQL 2005 10 10 1 139 MAC Address If Netmon is able to resolve the ND 7500 Testing 216 9 196 142 MAC address of the interface it is displayed here E Windows XP SNMPInf 10 10 1 179 Otherwise you ll see the text Unresolved Figure 7 SNMP Interface Explorer Basic Interface Information Netmon displays the following information for the selected interface Interface This is the interface number reported by the device Speed This is the maximum speed of the interface measured in bits per second bps MAC Address lf Netmon is able to resolve the MAC address of the interface it is displayed here Otherwise you ll see the
114. space is exceeded Netmon will trigger an alert You can enter any value between 1 and 100 Modifying Disk Parameters To modify the monitoring parameters for a disk take the following steps 1 Open the Disk Trackers panel by clicking Trackers gt Disk Trackers 2 Click the Edit link next to the Disk you wish you modify 3 Make the necessary adjustments to your Tracker parameters and click the Update Disk button Removing a Monitored Disk To remove a monitored disk open the Disk Trackers panel and click the Delete link next to it You will be prompted to confirm deletion If you re sure click OK and the tracker will be deleted from your system Monitoring Disks and Partitions Netmon User Guide 69 70 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Disks and Partitions Configuring Alerts for a Monitored Disk To configure email and or pager alerts for a disk open the Disk Trackers panel and click the Alerts link next to the desired Disk This opens the Alerts window for that particular disk where email pager alerts can be added or removed from the disk Security Considerations for Monitoring Windows Shares Monitoring a shared Windows folder requires that Netmon log in to the remote system with a valid username and password Since the transmission of a non encrypted user name and password across the network is a security risk use the following technique to ensure that Netmon can monitor remote Windows shares safely 1 Create
115. storical values for any SNMP management object OID through Netmon s OID Tracker Service Though this is a very simple report it is extremely flexible and useful for a variety of tasks Note In order to run a report for any OID Tracker you must first ensure that the Enable Logging selection has been checked in the OID Tracker Manager To run an OID Tracker Report take the following steps 1 Choose OID Tracker Report from the Reports Explorer Netmon Reports Netmon User Guide 83 84 Netmon User Guide Netmon Reports Select a Device from the available list If no Devices are visible see Note above Choose an OID Tracker from the available list Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and time range If desired check the Delta Report option by clicking the checkbox When this option is checked Netmon plots the rate of change of the management object over the desired time interval as opposed to absolute values Click the Generate Report button Panel Actions f Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the OID Tracker Report window URL Tracker Report A URL Tracker Report allows you to evaluate the performance of websites and web applications You can monitor the performance latency of URL request delivery as well as accuracy expected results returned through the same report
116. strators system technicians or even management administrative personnel Logging in with Netmon s admin account for normal everyday system usage is not recommended Viewing Account Details To quickly view expanded details for a user account such as group membership or pager information click the Details link in the Actions column next to the desired account Adding a New User Account To add a new user account click the Add New User button in the middle panel This will cause the Settings Editor panel to open on the right side of the screen displaying a form for the entry of new user information To read more about each of these see Editing User Account Properties Modifying a User Account To update group membership an email address or other user details click the Edit link in the Actions column next to the account to be modified Deleting a User Account To remove a Netmon user account simply click the Delete link in the Actions column next to the account to be deleted You ll be asked to confirm if this is what you really want to do If you confirm the selected user account will be removed from the system and logins under that account will no longer be permitted Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 91 92 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management Suspending a User Account Suspending a user account has almost the same effect as deleting the account future logins for that account are disabled How
117. t box and then click the Update button next to it 4 Click Settings gt Netmon Services again 5 Locate the SNMP Autodiscovery service in the list then stop it using the Stop Service button When the page reloads click the Start Service button This will restart the SNMP Autodiscovery Service using your new Community string Using the Devices Explorer Netmon displays all SNMP devices in a tree format in the Device Explorer You can reach the Devices console by clicking the Devices button in the top toolbar SNMP capable devices are identified with the following icons El Designates a host device which has been automatically detected by Netmon as SNMP or NetFlow capable It is then up to you to activate one or both of these services on the device and assign the appropriate Device Dashboard El Designates a host device that supports SNMP li Designates a host that device supports NetFlow packet streams 12 Itis not strictly necessary to restart the Autodiscovery Service after changing the Community string However doing so will ensure that the service begins scanning using your new Community string right away If the service is not restarted Netmon will complete its current scan using the old community string 13 See Device Dashboards on page 53 Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 47 48 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP To view a high level overview of a device and all of its interfaces
118. t particularly well known for their strong security In fact SNMP s security record is so dismal it has picked up a new dual meaning Security Not My Problem SNMP SNMP services and protocols are not necessarily a direct security threat themselves attacks on SNMP are relatively uncommon This is probably due to the fact that there are thousands of Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 44 45 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP different implementations out there any kind of attack would likely have to be narrowly focused at a single device or class of devices However a much larger security threat exists with the information that SNMP makes available to a potential intruder SNMP data is transmitted in clear text which could pose a problem if you re sending certain kinds of information over a non private unprotected network such as the Internet In fact unfettered SNMP read access could allow an attacker to gather hundreds of configuration details about your network Many SNMP capable devices are shipped and installed with weak or well known SNMP community strings A community string is the closest thing to a password in SNMP v2 and earlier devices so it s incredibly important to ensure that you change these strings to strong passwords that meet modern security standards Fortunately some of the most pressing security issues have been resolved with SNMP v3 the latest and greatest implementation of this protoco
119. te Deployment Monitoring Multiple Physical SeQMent cccccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeneeeneeeens 19 Frequently Asked Questions coria ii cuted EA aan a ane eee ae 20 installing the Netmon Server Appliance cion da dde add 20 Using the Quick Start Guide corsario dsc 20 Starting up the Netmon Server ApplianCe ooonocccnnnicnccnnnccconcccnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnc corn cnnnn crac cnn rca narran 20 Configuring Basic Networking IP Address Assignment oooonccninncninncnnnccnnoccnonncnnncnonnn cn nc nnrnn narrar nr rca 20 Logging into ihe Operating System Console ssiri e aen AEE ao 20 Using the Netmon Shell Control Panel eii rada e 21 starting the Netmon Control Paneli cria diia idan A ANG aces lic 21 Final Deployment Task Sword ii a A eee eevee ele eee ae eee 22 Changing the System Password iiiccecsct died ardid da tala aed 22 Getling Staricd clasicista ati 23 Logging Into the Netmon Application 23 Username and Password for Initial LOGIN c ccesesceeeeseceeeeseneeseneeceeeseeneeeeeeneeseseneesesseserenseeeeseneneeeeneesenenes 23 Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 2 3 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Performing Basic Setup Tasks iacsizcctsetssteccuscset sees seascdecdeidaeuait caused gic ubahintaadasdecsustadasetuasdecsubts ahacgaeledcuesalt cidad 23 Introducing the Netmon Home Dashboard cccssccceseseeceeenseceeeeseeceseseneeecnseneesnseneeseneeeesnsee
120. text Unresolved Connected IP MAC _ If Netmon is able to determine the IP or MAC address of the host that is connected to this interface it is displayed here Otherwise you will see Unresolved Label This is the interface s friendly label By default Netmon displays the label provided by the SNMP host However you can override this label by typing your own text into the textbox and clicking the Update button Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 51 52 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Display on Home Page This checkbox allows you to show recent activity for this interface on your Netmon home page For example you may want to display all of your outside Internet interfaces on the Home page Simply toggle the checkbox on or off and click the Update button to save your changes Interface Monitoring Options Several different options can be set for monitoring specific interfaces To set these options click the desired interface in the Device Explorer and you will see available options in the Settings Editor window in the top right of the screen Label By default Netmon uses the fDesc value in the MIB tree to label the interface However you can apply your own custom labels to an interface by entering a new value here Display on Home Dashboard This checkbox sets whether or not a graph will be shown for this interface on the Netmon home dashboard Enable SNMP Logging This checkbox sets whether or not to reco
121. time range Choose the type of TCP IP traffic to scan You can scan for All Activity or you can narrow your search by applying a traffic filter or specifying an individual protocol port combination Finally you can limit your result set and choose the ordering of the information with the Limit Results To and Order Results By selection boxes Click the Generate Report button Panel Actions Bi Print an instant printer friendly report by clicking this button in the Conversation Report window Web Traffic Report The Web Traffic Report allows you to query Netmon s HTTP Request Plugin which keeps track of URLs which have been requested from your network To run a Web Traffic Report simply click the Web Traffic Report icon in the Netmon Report Explorer and take the following steps Choose a host or group of hosts to include in your query and make the selection in the Hosts selection boxes You can run a Web Traffic report against All Hosts in the database or you can narrow your search by applying a host filter or specifying an Netmon Reports Netmon User Guide 79 80 Netmon User Guide Netmon Reports individual host to scan 2 Choose a reporting period Available choices are Today Yesterday Last 7 Days and Custom If you choose Custom you will need to enter a valid date and time range 3 Enter a keyword or partial text string to narrow your search if desired This field is optional 4 Click the Generate Re
122. tmon Reports Netmon Reports To access the Netmon Reports console click the Reports button in the top toolbar Netmon ships with selection of built in reports which can be customized and saved depending on your needs Netmon 4 5 Mozilla Firefox Y Report Explorer OID Payload Report 4 Network Activity Report Z Conversation Report dE Web Traffic Report UP DOWN Time Report E Bandwidth Activity Report E Bandwidth Consumption Report Lelo Report Manager leal 6 9 e Netmon Help amp Resource Center Welcome to the Netmon Resource Center This area is designed for quick easy access e Disk Activity Report to a complete set of ciel resources for your Netmon server appliance Click here to E Latency Report learn more about this feature gt gt gag OID Tracker Repor 2 Gj Online User Guide 9 Port Scan Report i E Security amp Monitoring News Center 2 Netmon Login Report Hl S Netmon RSS News Feed amp Request Product Support Submit a Bug Report ao Custom Reports What s New What s new in Netmon 4 57 INN What s new in Netmon 4 17 What s new in Netmon 4 0 What s new in Netmon 3 67 What s new in Netmon 3 57 Figure 11 Sample Netmon Report Creating and Saving Custom Reports You can save any of Netmon s core reports as a custom report for later retrieval To save a report simply provide a friendly Repo
123. u a clear perspective into your network s health usage patterns and growth Netmon exposes an enormous amount of useful information for your SNMP capable network devices with a fully integrated Management Information Base MIB browser Tens of thousands of devices support the SNMP protocol and Netmon even allows you to upload your own custom MIBs to work with proprietary devices Netmon can monitor the up down status of any device or network service such as an SMTP server or POPS server at an interval which you choose When a service stops responding for your specified period of time visual email and pager alerts can be activated Netmon can even show you latency trends and uptime statistics for each of your business critical services Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Netmon User Guide 10 11 Netmon User Guide Welcome to Netmon Professional Edition Monitor usage of your Internet bandwidth with Netmon s built in bandwidth monitoring tools Easily spot bandwidth trends such as the busiest times of the day and receive an alert if bandwidth usage exceeds your defined thresholds Netmon can also help you to locate spyware adware and other types of malicious software on your network Using Netmon you can also identify many other kinds of malware including worms and viruses Perform sophisticated data mining with powerful reporting tools Analyze your network activity to virtually any level of detail across any time frame
124. unfortunately outside the scope of this text For an introduction to regular expressions visit www regular expressions info Monitoring SYSLOG and Event Logs Netmon User Guide 67 68 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Disks and Partitions Monitoring Disks and Partitions Netmon provides system administrators with the ability to monitor the amount of free space on network connected disks and partitions Netmon can keep track of disks on Windows NT 2000 XP 2003 systems as well as Unix or Unix like hosts It can alert you when occupied space exceeds your defined threshold and can also help you monitor volume growth over time which helps in capacity planning Custom alert thresholds and notification parameters can be set for each share along with custom monitoring intervals and timeout periods How does Netmon monitor disks and partitions On Windows NT based systems Netmon uses the Server Message Block SMB protocol to connect to your shared folders The SMB protocol returns information to Netmon about the amount of free space on the disk On Linux and Unix type systems Netmon uses the df utility to work with inetd or xinetd super servers Netmon connects to the specified port number parses the df output and extracts the necessary disk information Monitoring Windows Volumes Netmon can monitor public or administrative shares on Windows servers and workstations Adding a New Windows Share To monitor Windows shared folders a
125. usands of data points are available but only a handful of the most common metrics are displayed on the dashboard OID tracking is used to monitor the operating state of Windows services See Monitoring Windows Services on page 61 for more information Choose an appropriate monitoring interval for your OID tracking metrics This saves processing resources and also keeps your database size optimized For example you may want to monitor RAM utilization on your router as frequently as every 60 seconds while monitoring the pages printed on a network printer every 2 hours Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 58 59 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Processing SNMP Trap Messages Traps are messages that are sent by managed devices automatically in response to some activity or condition taking place Your Netmon system can process these incoming trap messages and can optionally log them to the database and or alert you when they arrive Sending SNMP Traps to Netmon In order for Netmon to process SNMP trap messages you must first configure your SNMP device to send trap messages to Netmon s IP address Netmon expects to receive SNMP trap messages over UDP port 162 which is the most widely used port for this service Once you begin sending trap messages from your device Netmon will identify unique traps that arrive and record them in its database Once Netmon identifies a trap then you have the option of logging it an
126. use this service to monitor your corporate website company intranet or any other web based system Introducing the URL Tracking Service Netmon requests a user specified URL at user configurable intervals It receives the resulting HTML web page or XML or any other HTTP payload and inspects the contents for a user specified text pattern If Netmon finds a matching copy of the text pattern or phrase in the response it assumes the website or web application is functioning normally If Netmon does not find a matching string in the response content it can be configured to queue an alert message Creating a New URL Tracker To create a new URL Tracker take the following steps 1 Click the Trackers button in the top toolbar followed by the URL Trackers button 2 Click the Add New URL Tracker button 3 Specify the desired URL in the URL text box If you wish to include additional GET parameters append them to the end of the URL in the usual querystring format i e http Avww someweb com somescript php var1 true amp var2 text 4 Specify a text Pattern to use when matching the incoming HTTP response You can specify a simple text string or use a Regular Expression PCRE for more sophisticated matching capabilities 5 Choose a monitoring interval in seconds In most cases the 5 minute 300 second interval is suitable 6 Click the Create Tracker button Monitoring Websites and Web Applications Netmon User Guide 75
127. val you like 5 Enter the community string that your SNMP managed device requires in order to answer SNMP v2 queries 6 Be sure the Enable SNMP checkbox is checked 7 If you anticipate receiving NetFlow data streams from this device check the Enable NetFlow checkbox Otherwise leave it unchecked 8 Click the Add Device button Monitoring Devices SNMP Netmon User Guide 48 49 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Devices SNMP Note Once you have added a new SNMP device it can take Netmon several minutes or more to discover all of the interfaces and begin gathering SNMP data In some cases it could take as long as one hour for data to appear in Netmon s console Updating an Existing SNMP Device You can update the sampling frequency community string or friendly label of any SNMP device by doing the following 1 Locate the device you wish to modify in the SNMP Device Explorer and click on the main device node 2 Update the necessary fields and click the Update button or press ENTER to save your changes Removing an SNMP Device To remove an SNMP device take the following steps 1 Locate the device you wish to remove in the SNMP Device Explorer and click on the main device node 2 Locate the Remove Device button in the detail window and press it You ll be asked to confirm that you really want to delete this device If you re sure click OK to proceed with the delete operation Caution Deleting an SNMP device c
128. ve a particularly draconian firewall and when they have been configured for maximum security they generally ignore inbound network requests entirely Port Scanner Legend Symbol Icon Port Range Ports O to 25 Ports 26 to 50 Ports 51 to 75 Ports 76 to 100 Ports 101 to 150 Monitoring Network Activity Netmon User Guide 36 37 Netmon User Guide Monitoring Network Activity Ports 151 to 250 Ports 251 to 500 Ports 501 to 1000 Ports 1001 to 5000 Ports 5001 to 65535 Panel Actions BI Print an instant Quick Report by clicking this button in the Port Scan Panel Panel Host Name s Using this panel you can manage Netmon s name database which contains a variety of NetBIOS DNS and User Defined host names Each of these host names maps to an IP address and often many different host names map to the same IP address This console allows you to manage names for any host and even to include your own User Defined labels as well as search Netmon s database for host names which match a particular search criteria Searching for Hostnames To search Netmon s name database enter a search string in the Search Text IP Address box on the Hostname Management console For example to search for all hostnames which contain the text google simply enter google into the Search Text IP Address box Then click the Search button If you wish you can customize your search to NetBIOS names only DNS
129. vices 22 Narsimhan Rahul rahuin securicore ca Details Edt Suspend Delete jing and Reactivati y Account Netmon update Service Nedzibovic Damir damir netmon ca Details Edit Suspend Delete Each individual who uses Netmon should have an a Port Label Database Pomerleau Jason De etmon ca Detai Edt Suspend e individual user account These people might include E gh Users amp Groups Pomerleau Renee renee nextdmensi Detale Ed Reacvate Delete ST seas pagara y pi een Manage User Accounts _ Proctor Bryan _ bryanfsamtec com Details Edit Delete admin account for normal everyday system usage is i Spriet Xavier xavier netmon ca Details Edit Suspleadd Delete not recommended Manage Account Groups Valeriote Paul paul datamex com Details Edit Suspend Delete Varer Mustafa Wojnicki Steve steve netmon ca Details Edit Reactivate Delete varerm fastfrate com Det Reactivate Delete New in Netmon Netmon no longer treats users email accounts and pagers as separate entities Email addresses and pagers are now associated directly with Netmon user accounts Viewing Account Details To quickly view expanded details For a user account such as group membership or pager information click the Details link in the Actions column next to the desired account Figure 12 Netmon Settings Console Administration and Management Netmo
130. y in response to alert events You must still associate any desired commands you wish to run with each new alert you create This area simply allows you configure which commands are available for a specified alert type Creating a New Alert Command To create a new alert command take the following steps 1 Click Settings gt Alert Message Templates and locate the alert condition to which you wish to attach a new command Administration and Management Netmon User Guide 94 95 Netmon User Guide Administration and Management 2 Fill out the appropriate fields outlined below and click the Create Command button Label A friendly name or label for this command Command The actual command syntax The text specified here is run as a shell command on the Netmon server You can use the Insert Variable buttons on the top of the Alert Template window to insert dynamically changing values i e the device IP address hostname etc into your command string Netmon will substitute these values for each individual alert Timeout The number of seconds Netmon should wait to run the command before giving up Process Asynchronously Add Output To Alert You can choose to process the command before the alert message is sent by selecting the Add Output to Alert radio box In this case Netmon will append the results of the command to the alert message you receive Alternatively you can run the command separately from the alert message by selecting the

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