USER'S MANUAL Profibus DP Fieldbus Option Board SV9000 AF
Contents
1. Numbering of the parameter can be found in the Fieldbus Application manual Parameter ranges and steps are determined also in the Fieldbus Application manual which means that the parameter value should be given without decimals The Profibus DP parameter group can be set only by the Profibus DP master not with the SV9000 control panel Fault Code When a fault is active fault codes can be read by using the Parameter Read function Profibus parameter number according to fault code is as follows SV9000 variable ot ee Active fault code List and description of the fault codes can be found in the USER S MANUAL Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 21 8 FAULT TRACKING Fault Type Possible cause Checking Fault 19 is active in SV9000 The data cable connection Check the installation between control board and if installation is correct contact fieldbus board is not working our Cutler Hammer distributor and the control source is fieldbus UL led is not active Supply Voltage The power cable connection Check the installation Green between control board and if installation is correct contact fieldbus board is not working your Cutler Hammer distributor DE led is active Data Exchange not Fieldbus board has not received a Check the configuration in the Ready and actual value n22 0 parameterization telegram or the Profibus DP master telegram is incorrect Bus wire break Check the bus cables2. DE led is active Data Exchange not Fieldbus board has not received a Check the type files GSD Ready and actual value n 22 1 configuration telegram or the telegram is incorrect Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 22 9 Type Files 9 1 GSD file Profibus_DP GSD_Revision Vendor_Name Model Name Revision Ident Number Protocol Ident Station Type FMS_supp Hardware_Releas Software_Releas 9 6_supp 19 2_supp 93 75_supp 187 5_supp 500_supp 1 5M_supp 3M_supp 6M_supp 12M_supp axTsdr_9 6 axTsdr_19 2 axTsdr_93 75 axTsdr_187 5 axTsdr_500 axTsdr_1 5M axTsdr_3M axTsdr_6M axTsdr_12M Redundancy 24V_Pins Repeater Ctrl Sig Implementation Type Freeze Mode supp Sync Mode supp Auto _ Baud supp Set Slave Add supp odular Station ax Module ax Input Len ax Output Len ax Data Len odul Offset Fail Safe ax Diag Data Le odule Vacon EndModule odule Vacon EndModule odule Vacon EndModule odule Vacon EndModule in Slave Intervall PPO PPO PPO PPO DRFOABANNAHFRNOEFRE o Ta 2 3 qeu T Vaasa Control Vacon CX2020PT WO 0x9500 0 0 HW1 0 SW1 0 60 60 60 60 100 150 250 450 800 0 0 0 Profibus for Vacon i dl o oo OxF3 OxF1 OxF3 OxF5 OxF1 OxF5 Cutler Hammer Ud00308a Ca Cutler Hammer E T Ml
3. VAMOS E it A vene ade duane dee 19 TAL Parameter Read and Write ii ea en 20 TN A AA o O O Pe PO eT TP RE eks 20 8 FAULT TRACKING lat aaa atada 21 TAPETES Ne 22 9G SD file eraen A ao Dado 22 Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 3 1 GENERAL SV9000 drives can be connected to the Profibus DP using the SV9NCPB fieldbus board The drive can then be controlled monitored and programmed from the Host system The fieldbus board can also extend the used I O 4 digital inputs standard signals 4 digital outputs 2 standard signal 1 relay output standard signal thermistor input can be directly connected to the motor thermistors for overtemperature trip Encoder input The fieldbus board can be installed in the existing option board location inside the drive For the Compact Nema 1 range the option kit SVINCPBCN is needed The control connections are isolated from the utility potential and the I O ground is connected to the frame of the device via a 1 MQ resistor and 4 7 nF capacitor The control I O ground can be connected also directly to the frame by changing the position of the jumper X9 GND ON OFF to ON position Digital inputs are also isolated from the I O ground Internal components and circuit boards except the isolated I O terminals are at utility potential when the drive is connected to the utility This voltage is extremely dangerous and may cause death or severe injury if you come in contact
4. can be increased by the use of repeaters The use of more than 3 repeaters in series is not recommended Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 5 Impedance 135 165 Q 100 180 Q 3 to 20 MHz f gt 100kHz Capacity lt 30 pF m lt 60 pF m Resistance lt 110Q km Wire gauge gt 0 64 mm gt 0 53 mm Conductor area gt 0 34 mm gt 0 22 mm Table 2 1 Line Parameter Baud rate kbit s 9 6 19 2 93 75 187 5 500 1500 3000 12000 Length line B m 1200 1200 1200 600 200 Table 2 2 Line length for different transmission speeds Following cables can be used e g Belden Profibus Data Cable 3079A Olflex Profibus Cable 21702xx Siemens SINEC L2 LAN cable for Profibus 6XV1 830 0AH10 VP 6 Station 1 Station 2 390 Q Data Line RxD TxD P RxD TxD P 3 5 DGND RxD TxD P 3 O 3 O 65 O 6 vP 220 0 O 8 DGND 5 VP 6 RxD TxD N 8 3 8 RxD TxD N Delete RxD TxD N 8 Shielding 390 Q Protective Protective ground ground DGND 5 Cabling Bus Termination Figure 2 1 Cabling and bus termination Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 6 3 3 1 3 2 PROFIBUS DP General PROFIBUS is a vendor independent open fieldbus standard for a wide range of applications in manufacturing process and building automation Vendor independence and openness are guaranteed by the PROFIBUS
5. of the device via RC filter Figure 5 1 Fieldbus board Diagnostic LED H1 Data Exchange state for Profibus DP Red H1 led is active when Fieldbus board is not ready to exchange data H3 Supply Voltage Green H3 led is active if the Fieldbus board has a supply voltage Profibus connections Screw Connector X5 the last node Shield X5 241 Cable shield 3005 X5 242 Supply voltage of the terminating resistance RxD TxD P X5 243 Receive Transmission data positive B ys RxD TxD N X5 244 Receive Transmission data negative A DGND X5 245 Data Ground Table 5 1 D sub connector Note If the SV9000 is the last device then the bus termination must be set Install the resistors to the screw terminal see table 5 1 Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 10 5 3 1 O control connections 206 208 09 DIE Programmable External fault Contact open no fault Contact closed fault OR Select of Active Control Contact open SV9000 lO terminal Source Contact closed Fieldbus 210 DIE2 Run disable Contact open start of motor enabled Contact closed start of motor disabled Sal 211 Contact open time 1 selected selection Contact closed time 2 selected EE 212 DIE4 Jogging speed selection Contact open no action Contact closed jogging speed Til ET 1 Pulse input A eo 216 Pulse input B 90 degrees phase shift compared d i differen
6. of the control board Connect the power cable to terminal X6 of the Fieldbus board 8 and the data cable to terminal X14 9 Install the jumper you removed from terminal X4 of the control board on the X9 terminal of the Fieldbus board 10 in the ON or OFF position If the packet includes the cable cover 11 install it into position as shown in figure 4 1 Install the grounding screw 12 After this install the control panel and connect the needed control signals Cn Aaa ERE If a5 V encoder input is used install the jumper on terminal X7 see figure 5 1 of the Fieldbus board Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 8 Fieldbus board Plastic board Control board 9 7 Figure 4 1 Fieldbus board installed into the control board Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 9 5 5 1 5 2 CONNECTIONS Board layout Terminals X1 I O terminals X10 Digital Output terminal x1 X15 X3 Digital Output terminal E X7 Relay Output terminal i X4 thermistor input X15 Encoder terminal X5 Screw terminal to Profibus DP X10 O Hi X9 Connection of control I O ground ON Directly to the frame of the X3 device 6 OFF To the frame of the X7 device via RC filter O H3 X17 Connection of control Fieldbus cable X4 shield ON Directly to the frame of the device OFF To the frame
7. 4 The master can read the drive s actual values by using the process data variables There are four process data variables and each one of them can be selected to show one of the monitoring page variables or active fault code Selection can be done in two different ways By master Parameter 916 1 916 2 916 3 916 4 By control panel Parameter Process Data 1 Process Data 2 Process Data 3 Process Data 4 Set the number of the variable to be monitored see table 7 1 or number 99 for the active fault code for the value of the parameter Profibus DP master PD1 PD2 PD3 PD4 PD1 PD2 PD3 PD4 VACON CX 1 Output Frequency 2 Motor Speed 22 Fieldbus status 99 Active fault code Selector Parameter Figure 7 2 Control of Process Data Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 19 7 4 Parameter Data Fieldbus Board SV9000 PARAMETERS Parameters Parameter ID Parameter Index Parameter Value Variables Parameter ID Parameter Index _ Parameter Value Active Fault Code The SV9000 variables and fault codes can be read and parameters can be read and written by using PPO types 1 and 2 VU m A0 gt 7 4 1 Actual Values Actual Values can be read by using the Parameter Read function Profibus parameter number according to monitored item numbers are as follows Parameter number SV9000 PA Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 20 Op
8. USER S MANUAL Profibus DP Fieldbus Option Board SV9000 Subject to changes without notice SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 2 INDEX GENERAL EA E E E csouusscesneccusdacsueecuuncebsssacstecezenctedscaseiteceauccoesaedcetecacacssdeceauceasssacsteeceascceezs 3 PAo d A O a E ia E E ET 4 PIN EENEI ET 6 APENE AEE P E A PE EA S PE AA S ENES EA EPE EET ANA oT AE ENA EIRON EA EET 4 PRPA PFOTIDUS Gable nuit E E PAE E AEE EE AE eee EAE A aed AE E A A as 5 3 PROFIBUS DP alain 6 SB Generali A bea Meneer eee Mane eraann 6 2 Proteo mara iaa aa nota 6 A INSTALLATION ai ans 7 5 GONNEGTIONS AE E E nn dada oe Cadd aden ci daca cde cadaace vada E saves duecedesacdesucduscctascasdesschuauce cada n io 9 5 1 Boardlayout erior anaa den ein ie oii Cone ie el oa eerde end 9 52 Pronb s G nnectons er E lalalala atada lalala 9 53 VOsCONTrONCONNECHONS cita rr dadas cas alii 10 6 COMMISSIONING FEE ED nd erne 11 7 PROFIBUS SV9000 INTERFACE ico coco ciacaconiaciiadianicanda cone ci ia atada iaa nda dedicadas 12 TAGE A a Ud el i 12 TARRO o da 12 73 Process Dalai iso 15 31 COMO Word istie erven nutte rte i ete toss 16 Tr PSA US WV ONG 2h eA Re eh Aelen eten A A E 16 33 State Machinen inis eevee Sek eh cht Amten AEA i A es eneen ile 17 FA Speed Reference miosina baca eles 18 TAE 0 ACU al WANG are on betreden A deere beretta edet devant herte ennen benenden eenen betekenen en 18 FSO od D E od D Y EEE 18 TA ParameternData EEE 19 TAN Actual
9. a Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 13 ID ID byte1 ID byte2 Ln EC AA SM Spontaneous bit not used Request Response types DI e 5 eee Fault Number if response 7 Fault Number Description 0 Illegal Parameter 1 Parameter is read only e g actual values 2 Parameter value is out of limits 17 Request temporary reject e g can be change only STOP state 18 Other fault Unknown request type Example1 PPO1 mode Read parameter number 102 Par 1 2 Start drive and set speed reference 50 00 Command Master Slave ID 1066 hex 1 Read parameter value 066 Parameter 102 Maximum frequency IND 0000 hex 0000 No meaning VALUE 0000 0000 hex 0000 No meaning CW 047F hex 04 7F Start command see chapter control word and state machine REF 1388 hex Speed ref 50 00 25 00 Hz if parameter min frequency 0 Hz and max frequency 50 Hz PPO1 frame 10 66 oo oo oo oo oo oo 04 w 13 88 Answer Slave Master ID 1066 hex 1 Parameter value ready Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 14 066 Parameter 102 Maximum frequency IND 0000 hex 0000 No meaning VALUE 0000 0032 hex 0000 0032 Parameter value 32hex 50 Hz SW 0000 hex 0000 drive status see chapter status word and state machine ACT 0000 hex Current speed 0 00 0 00 Hz if parameter min frequency is 0 Hz and max frequency 50 Hz PPO1 f
10. e application functions for DP or FMS Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 7 4 INSTALLATION Before starting the installation carefully read the safety instructions in the SV9000 Drive User s Manual chapter SAFETY Check that you have received all the Fieldbus board parts Fieldbus board plastic board power cable black terminal data cable blue terminal and grounding screw The fieldbus board can be placed in the existing place for an option board inside the drive see figure 4 1 Remove the control panel and the jumper X4 from the control board 1 Connect the power cable to control board terminal X5 2 and the data cable to terminal X14 3 The power cable can also be connected to terminal X6 if the power cable from the power board is connected to terminal X5 Bend the data cable into an S curve as far as possible from the power board transformer 4 before you place the plastic board onto the control board Remove the protection foil of the plastic board and mount the plastic board on the control board Check the right position of the plastic board 5 Place the Fieldbus board above the plastic board by the larger holes and push it downward so that the narrow part of the hole in the board fits the cut on the sleeve Check that the installation is stable If you have difficulties in placing the plastic board and Fieldbus board slightly bend regulator A4 6 and capacitor C59 7
11. e data communication on the bus A master can send messages without an external request when it holds the bus access rights the token Masters are also called active stations in the PROFIBUS protocol Slave devices are peripheral devices Typical slave devices include input output devices valves drives and measuring transmitters They do not have bus access rights and they can only acknowledge received messages or send messages to the master when requested to do so Slaves are also called passive stations Profiles The PROFIBUS DP protocol defines how user data are to be transmitted between the stations over the bus User data are not evaluated by the PROFIBUS DP transmission protocol The meaning is specified in the profiles In addition the profiles specify how PROFIBUS DP is to be used in the application area The following PROFIBUS DP profile is used in SV9000 Profibus fieldbus board Variable Speed Drive Profile 3 071 Leading manufacturers of drive technology have jointly defined the PROFIDRIVE profile The profile specifies how the drives are to be parameterized and how the setpoints and actual values are to be transmitted This enables drives from different vendors to be exchanged The profile contains the necessary specifications for speed control and positioning It specifies the basic drive functions while leaving sufficient freedom for application specific expansions and further developments The profile describes the mapping of th
12. erating day counter DD dd Operating days 1 not resettable Operating hours trip HH hh Operating hours 2 can be reset with program button counter 3 0 001 Total MW hours not resettable MW hours trip counter 0 001 MW hours can be reset with programmable button 4 Voltage analog input Voltage of the terminal Uin control board Current analog input Current of terminals ljn and lin control board Digital input status gr A 0 Open Input 1 Closed Input Active Digital input status gr B 0 Open Input 1 Closed Input Active n17 Digital and relay output 0 Open Input 1 Closed Input Active status 118 _ Control program Version number of the control software Unit nominal power Shows the power size of the unit Motor temperature rise 100 temperature of motor has risen to nominal value Option board digital input PE 0 Open Input 1 Closed Input Active status 7 4 2 7 4 3 Table 7 1 Monitored Items 1 DD full days dd decimal part of a day 2 HH full hours hh decimal part of an hour Parameter Read and Write The SV9000 variables and parameters can be read and written by using the Parameter Read Write function Profibus parameter according to parameter numbers are as follows Parameter SV9000 parameter group SV9000 parameter number Number 101 199 201 299 801 899 901 999 Profibus DP parameter 1001 1099 1901 1999 Group 18
13. fibus user s manual Page 12 7 PROFIBUS SV9000 INTERFACE Features of the Profibus SV9000 interface e Direct control of SV9000 e g Run Stop Direction Speed reference Fault reset e Full access to all SV9000 parameters e Monitor SV9000 status e g Output frequency Output current Fault code 7 1 General Data transfer between Profibus DP master and slave takes place via the Input Output data field The master writes to slave s Output data and the slave answers by sending the contents of its Input data to the master The contents of Input Output data is defined in the device profile PROFIDRIVE is the device profile for drives The SV9000 drive can be controlled by the Profibus DP master using PPO types defined in PROFIDRIVE see next chapter When fieldbus has been selected as the drive s active control source the drive s operation can be controlled from the Profibus DP master Whether or not the active control source is the fieldbus the drive can be monitored and the Profibus DP master can set its parameters 7 2 PPO types PPOs Parameter Process Data Object are communication objects in PROFIBUS DP PPOs in SV9000 Parameter Field Field Process Data Field Data Field A SW iik EEELLEELLEL ej EE 180 DO EA EE be pote ki CREE Byte ID Parameter type and number IND Parameter subindex VALUE Parameter value CW Control Word SW Status Word REF Reference Value ACT Actual Value PD Process Dat
14. l Word Reference Active Fault Code PD1 PD2 PD3 PD4 VU RUN STOP DIRECTION FAULT RESET Frequency Reference Frequency Reference 2 M A S T E R CONTROL SOURCE READY STATE RUN STATE DIRECTION STATE FAULT STATE Status Word Actual Value PD1 PD2 PD3 PD4 Output Frequency Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 16 7 3 1 Control Word The Control command for the state machine see figure 7 1 The state machine describes the device status and the possible control sequence of the drive The control word is composed of 16 bits that have the following meanings Bit Description S o Vaue 0 let 0 STOP 1 byramp FON 6 NoAction EA 8 NoAction No Action 9 NoAction CN Action 7 3 2 Status Word Information about the status of the device and messages is indicated in the status word The status word is composed of 16 bits that have the following meanings Bit Description Vaue 0 EA 0 Not Ready initia REMY S 6 START ENABLE STARTDISABLE 8 Reference Actual value Reference Actual value 9 Fieldbus control OFF FieldbuscontrolON Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 17 7 3 3 State Machine The state machine describes the device status and the possible control sequence of the drive Using the control word parameter can generate the state transitions The status word parameter indicates
15. rame to 66 oo oo 00 oo oo 32 00 oo CO CO Example 2 PPO1 mode Write to parameter number 701 Par 7 1 value 2 Keep Run mode on and Send speed reference 75 00 Command Master Slave ID 22BD hex 2 Write parameter value 2BD Parameter 701 Response to reference fault IND 0000 hex 0000 No meaning VALUE 0000 0002 hex 0000 0002 Parameter value CW 047F hex 04 7F Start command see chapter control word and state machine REF 1D4C hex Speed ref 75 00 37 50 Hz if parameter min frequency is 0 Hz and max frequency 50 Hz PPO1 frame 12 BD oo 00 oo oo 00 02 04 7F 1D 4C Answer Slave Master ID 12BD hex 10 Parameter value ready 2BD Parameter 701 Response to reference fault IND 0000 hex 0000 No meaning VALUE 0000 0032 hex 0000 0032 Parameter value 32HEX 50 Hz SW 0337 hex 0337 drive status see chapter status word and state machine ACT 09C4 hex Current speed 25 00 12 50 Hz if parameter min frequency is 0 Hz and max frequency 50 Hz PPO1 frame 12 BD oo oo oo oo oo oo os 37 09 C4 7 3 Process Data Direct control of SV9000 e g Run Stop Direction Speed reference Fault reset and drive status e g Output frequency Output current Fault code can be handled by using PPO types 1 to 4 Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 15 Fieldbus Board SV9000 PROCESS DATA Parameters Contro
16. standard EN 50 170 With PROFIBUS devices of different manufacturers can communicate without special interface adjustments PROFIBUS can be used for both high speed time critical data transmission and extensive complex communication tasks The PROFIBUS family consists of three compatible versions PROFIBUS DP Optimized for high speed and inexpensive hookup this PROFIBUS version is designed especially for communication between automation control systems and distributed I O at the device level PROFIBUS DP can be used to replace parallel signal transmission with 24 V or 0 to 20 mA PROFIBUS PA PROFIBUS PA is designed especially for process automation It permits sensors and actuators to be connected on one common bus line even in intrinsically safe areas PROFIBUS PA permits data communication and power over the bus using a 2 wire technology according to the international standard IEC 1158 2 PROFIBUS FMS PROFIBUS FMS is the general purpose solution for communication tasks at the cell level Powerful FMS services open up a wide range of applications and provide great flexibility PROFIBUS FMS can also be used for extensive and complex communication tasks PROFIBUS specifies the technical and functional characteristics of a serial fieldbus system with which decentralized digital controllers can be networked together from the field level to the cell level PROFIBUS distinguishes between master devices and slave devices Master devices determine th
17. the current status of the state machine The modes INIT STOP RUN and FAULT see figure 7 1 correspond to the actual mode of the Drive DISABLE Bit6 1 is one value of the status word Bit0 0 is one value of the control word Power ON je DISABLE FAULT ACTIVE lan INIT Bit6 1 lt _ _ FAULT Bit3 1 STOP by ramp Bit7 0 Bit1 0 y NOT READY TBA STOP Bit6 0 Bit0 0 XXXX x1xx xxxx x110 ms STOP 1 Bit0 0 Reset fault STOP 2 RENO STOP by coast Bit3 0 STOP Bit4 0 RUN DISABLE STOP Bit2 0 READY 2 nn STOP STOP 3 STOP by ramp Bit5 0 ENABLE STOP Bit2 1 Bit4 1 Bit5 1 Bit6 1 RUNNING RUN Figure 7 1 States of the device control Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual 7 3 4 Speed Reference Speed reference of the drive The range is 10000 10000 percentage of frequency area between set minimum and maximum frequency 10000 100 00 Direction reverse 0 0 00 Direction forward 10000 100 00 Direction forward 7 3 5 Actual Value Actual value of the motor speed The range is 10000 10000 percentage of frequency area between set minimum and maximum frequency 10000 100 00 Direction reverse 0 0 00 Direction forward 10000 100 00 Direction forward 7 3 6 PD1 PD
18. tial input to pulse input A Encoder direction output AS BOE ender acer vac Ee T Signal from Termistor input motor termistor Tl N N o de N N wm N gt DID b b oo N 225 Relay output 4 FAULT Ea a A DOE4 Open collector output 4 RUN I O ground Ground for reference and controls Figure 5 2 Control connections NOTE Thermistor input Terminals 221 and 222 must be shorted if not used READY ON when the utility voltage has been applied and the SV9000 is ready to operate RUN ON when the motor is running FAULT ON if a fault occurs Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 11 6 COMMISSIONING First read how to commission the drive in the SV9000 Drive User s Manual Chapter 8 Commissioning of the Fieldbus board Check that Fieldbus Application is selected Parameter P0 1 0 Fieldbus Appl Start up test DRIVE APPLICATION 1 Check that the control panel is not the active control source See SV9000 Drive User s manual Chapter 7 2 Set parameter Fieldbus control P9 1 to value 1 On MASTER SOFTWARE 1 Write to Control Word value Ohex 2 Write to Control Word value 47Fhex 3 Drive status is RUN 4 Write to Reference value 5000 50 00 5 Actual is 5000 and drive output frequency is 25 00 Hz 6 Write to Control Word value 7Dhex 7 Drive status is STOP If Status Word bit 3 1 Status of drive is FAULT Cutler Hammer SV9000 Pro
19. with it The control I O terminals are isolated from the utility potential but the I O s if jumper X9 is in OFF position may have a dangerous voltage connected even if the power is off on the drive Default value X9 is GND OFF position Cutler Hammer SV9000 Profibus user s manual Page 4 2 SPECIFICATIONS 2 1 General A NEAR eee I O control 24 V 0 lt 10 V 1 218 V R 5 KO Relay output 1 pcs Max switching voltage 300 V DC 250 V AC Max switching load 8A 24V DC 0 4 A 300 V AV 2 kVA 250 V DC Max continuous load 2 Arms Termistor input 1 pcs Ririp 4 7 KQ Encoder input 3 pcs 24 V 0 lt 10 V 1 gt 18 V Ri 3 3 KO ee 5 V 0 lt 2 V 1 23 V Ri 330 Q C O UE PPO types 1 2 3 4 Communication parameters Address 1to 127 Baud Rate 9 6 kBaud to 12 MBaud Table 2 1 Profibus communication data 2 2 Profibus cable Profibus devices are connected in a bus structure Up to 32 stations master or slaves can be connected in one segment The bus is terminated by an active bus terminator at the beginning and end of each segment see figure 2 1 To ensure error free operation both bus terminations must always be powered When more than 32 stations are used repeaters line amplifiers must be used to connect the individual bus segments The maximum cable length depends on the transmission speed and cable type see table 2 4 The specified cable length
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