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WinSIRP Version 2.0 User Manual: Microsoft Windows®

1. rearing rearing HydrogenPeroxide 60 Fungus external parasites eggs rearing Salt NaCI 60 Fungus eggs rearing fish Calcium Chloride Inc Increase Water Hardness for egg incubation Ovadine incubation 10 Egg disinfection Chloramine T 60 BGD rearing Carbon Dioxide 4 Anesthetic Furanace BGD rearing Potassium 60 BGD rearing Permanganate HTH Bleach Equipment Pond Disinfection Bleach NaOCl Equipment Pond Disinfection Roccal Equipment Disinfection TMS 3 Anesthetic Eugenol 3 5 Anesthetic Sodium Thiosulfate Chlorine Iodine neutralization 42 Appendix 5 Details on additional features in the Incubation portion of WinSIRP 1 Ammonia excretion rates Mclean and Lim 1985 measured ammonia excretion in chinook eggs and alevins in a hatchery production setting An empirical ammonia excretion model was developed from their data for a given egg size and temperature The first relationship determined is shown in the following equation Y 0 002805 0 0013037X 5 916E 06X Eq 1 where Y is NH3 N ug g wet wt hr X is ATUs C days and R 0 9576 This relationship was then used to generate weekly predictions of NH3 N which we modelled against oxygen consumption Ro mg O 1000 eggs or alevins hr from the SIRP predictions for chinook to yield the following equation Y 0 072836 111 638759 1 X 11328 08987 9 Eq 2 where Y is NH N ug g wet wt hr X is Ro mg O 1000 eggs or alevins hr and R 0 999
2. Ro mg 1000 eggs hr P 4 0 40 2 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 40 0 60 0 80 0 100 0 120 0 Days from fertilization Figure 11 Oxygen plot from example 1 Included in the figure are weekly mean temperatures flow rate Pc DO in DO out and Ro 8 7 6 E 5 D D 4 3 c E 3 2 1 0 0 50 100 150 200 Ro mg 1000 eggs hr Figure 12 Custom plot of ammonia production vs oxygen consumption rates in example 2 16 REARING PROGRAMS Description of Rearing Programs Theory and model development for the rearing programs Pond O2 and Load Rate are described in McLean et al 1991 Pond O2 predicts the outflow DO for a pond with a specified load biomass of fish while Load Rate predicts the maximum allowable load for maintenance of acceptable oxygen levels at the pond outflow Both programs are based on a predictive model for the oxygen consumption rate Ro This model was derived for juvenile fish actively feeding and growing in a large scale fish culture environment Juvenile fish in hatcheries and streams are vulnerable to excessive total gas pressure TGP or gas supersaturation Models 11 and 13 predict the impact of TGP on fish under different rearing conditions by calculating ET50 or the estimated time to 50 mortality Models were developed from a set of data that has an upper ET50 limit of 50 days Jensen et al 1986 values beyond this limit are calculated by extrapolation An ET50
3. pump duration default settings are for Parasite S 167 ppm for 60 min The default settings for stock volume and volume of the treatment chemical are arbitrarily set at 20 L This means that 20 litres of Parasite S have been used to prepare a stock volume of 20 liters i e there is no water added so the stock concentration is 20 20 1 000 000 ppm 1 000 000 ppm pure Parasite S If 10 liters of chemical were used to prepare 20 liters of stock the concentration would be 10 20 1 000 000 500 000 ppm After entering the treatment information click Finish to see program output The final screen summarizes the Input data calculates the required pump rate and dose and also shows a plot of pond concentration vs time Example 8 scenario 2 Using the same pond parameters as in example 1 find the required pump rate to achieve 167 ppm after 60 minutes if the stock solution consists of 1 70 L for the volume of Parasite S mixed with 18 30 L of water total stock volume 20 L Choose scenario 2 at the first page of the Treatment Wizard and follow the data entry steps Enter 1 70 for the volume of treatment chemical and 20 for the stock volume The output screen calculates a required pump rate of 200 mL min This is the same treatment regime as in example 1 so the graphical output and dose are the same 27 The stock used per treatment is 12 L 200 mL min 60 min 12 000 mL and the stock concentration is 85 000 ppm W
4. 22 Figure 16 This figure illustrates the adverse effect of increased N2 on time to 50 mortality 23 Figure 17 Illustration of 2 Treatment Wizard Window menus 25 Figure 18 Circular pond treatment scenario output worksheet eeeeeeeeeeeeeeenennennenen 26 Figure 19 Circular pond scenario 1 plot illustrating the concentration at outflow versus time 27 Figure 20 Pink fry emergence and water temperature for 1996 brood gravel box 4 at Quinsam Hatchery The value predicted by WinSIRP is one week earlier than the observed 50 emergence 39 Figure 21 Pink fry emergence and water temperature for Quinsam Hatchery 1997 Brood gravel box 2 The WinSIRP value is too early and emergence does not begin until the temperature increases 40 Figure 22 Predicted ATUs to 50 emergence and observed points for pink fry in gravel box incubators on surface water see Utilites for more detail 40 Figure 23 Typical surface water temperature regime Puntledge Hatchery 1999 brood 41 Figure 24 Chinook egg mortality in response to constant temperature from fertilization to hatch The solid line represents the equation y 117 252220 25 3536221x 1 30038x R 0 7498 The vertical arrows represent warning levels described in the text above 46 ABSTRACT Jensen J O T McLean W E Jensen M E Sweeten T and Damon W 2009 WinSIRP version 2 0 User Ma
5. 456 de cette s rie ont t publi s titre de rapports techniques de l Office des recherches sur les p cheries du Canada Les num ros 457 714 sont parus titre de rapports techniques de la Direction g n rale de la recherche et du d veloppement Service des p ches et de la mer minist re de l Environnement Les num ros 715 924 ont t publi s titre de rapports techniques du Service des p ches et de la mer minist re des P ches et de l Environnement Le nom actuel de la s rie a t tabli lors de la parution du num ro 925 Les rapports techniques sont produits l chelon r gional mais num rot s l chelon national Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l tablissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre Les rapports puis s seront fournis contre r tribution par des agents commerciaux Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2839 2009 WinSIRP VERSION 2 0 USER MANUAL MICROSOFT WINDOWS BASED SALMONID INCUBATION AND REARING PROGRAMS DESIGNED FOR MICROSOFT EXCEL by J O T Jensen W E McLean M E Jensen T Sweeten and W Damon Fisheries and Oceans Canada Science Branch Pacific Region Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo British Columbia V9T 6N7 675 Hornet Way Comox British Columbia V9M 0A2 Apt 415 6833 Village Green Burnaby BC V5E 4M1 Retired OHer Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2009 Cat No
6. Fs 97 6 2839E ISSN 0706 6457 Correct citation for this publication Jensen J O T McLean W E Jensen M E Sweeten T and Damon W 2009 WinSIRP version 2 0 User Manual Microsoft Windows based salmonid incubation and rearing programs designed for Microsoft Excel Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2839 vii 49 p TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS neca eie edie Bates t p ee ete i CH eb Re rente iii LISFOF TABLES 4er e eet eo one a EE EE d n at UR ena ert iv LIST OF FIGURES iu 22282 8258 nete aeta eite eU RU Or ER Mr fe ae ee M ABSTRACT inae oan adi auae EVE ar bte ies vi RESUME 5 massas neta nr sn en un ce sd et vii INTRODUCTION ki 41 2222 3 2m eh Roe eI ORA IM up Iud aam a periit eei teens 1 Program Description iini ameet ade detre eite net add Gad e merid i ad d odia 2 System Requirements moii 5e oh aae OA A I xu I aeu Ie Delito espe e to tta 2 Gettng Started 2S edere attente ae ti eme ct eam luto Dti da aeS 2 Menu Str Cctufe eoo eite eres ARR n eite mee I gebeten dest eon ro beret nu 3 INCUBATION PROGRAMIS 1 pete peto eee stri RO Sn SE Re pepe 5 Description of incubation programs eiieeii ia i a E TE EA O ATS 5 Incubation Wizard 55 rei et etl A e R E r eet M R 5 Incubation Output rne a tie tere uta fe ite e e t ede eee A SA OR 7 Mechaical shiock table ts en me brem e pr ette ite eet PAR RES 10 Incubation program examples sisi 11 Graphing incubation dat ce e tei teg reset teo Mahal MMA le SRE 15 REA
7. Module This paper is designed as a user guide or manual for the updated WinSIRP version 2 0 which can be obtained by downloading from the internet http www sci pac dfo mpo gc ca aqua sirp sirp e htm or by contacting the primary author John Jensen dfo mpo gc ca NOTE if the internet web address has changed try searching the internet for the word winsirp vi R SUM Jensen J O T McLean W E Jensen M E Sweeten T and Damon W 2009 WinSIRP version 2 0 User Manual Microsoft Windows based salmonid incubation and rearing programs designed for Microsoft Excel Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2839 vii 49 p La version 2 0 de WinSIRP est un ensemble jour de mod les de pr vision con us pour aider les salmoniculteurs et les biologistes r gler divers probl mes li s la salmoniculture Ces mod les portent sur l incubation l levage la surpression des gaz totaux le calcul des doses th rapeutiques et sur d autres modules utilitaires essentiels Les esp ces mod lis es pour la partie incubation taient le quinnat Oncorhynchus tshawytscha le k ta O keta le coho O kisutch le saumon rose O gorbuscha le saumon rouge O nerka le saumon ou la truite arc en ciel O mykiss et le saumon atlantique Salmo salar Pour en faciliter l utilisation les modules du programme ont t int gr s dans des feuilles de travail Microsoft Excel sp cialement con ues Le module sur l incubation co
8. 0 0 0 i 134 10 0 15 7 00 415 10 0 08 Nov 08 Ti 70 0 Begin Epibol 0 55 10 0 15 7 00 437 10 0 5 Nov 08 14 140 0 Yolk Plug Closed l 0 62 15 0 0 15 7 00 432 10 0 22 Nov 08 21 210 0 2 00 16 0 0 15 7 00 416 10 0 29 Nov 08 28 280 0 Eyed 4 56 17 0 0 15 7 00 400 10 0 06 Dec 08 35 350 0 8 67 184 10 0 15 7 00 389 10 0 3 Dec 08 42 420 0 14 63 19 0 0 15 7 00 386 10 0 20 Dec 08 49 490 0 22 79 20 0 0 15 7 00 394 10 0 27 Dec 08 56 560 0 50 Hatch 33 44 21 0 0 15 7 00 413 10 0 03 Jan 09 63 630 0 46 91 EXE 10 0 15 7 00 440 10 0 0 Jan 09 70 700 0 63 49 23 0 0 15 7 00 473 10 0 T Jan 09 77 770 0 83 49 24 0 0 15 7 00 510 10 0 24 Jan 09 84 840 0 107 20 251 10 0 15 7 00 546 10 0 31 Jan 09 91 910 0 134 91 26 0 0 15 7 00 575 10 0 07 Feb 09 98 980 0 MAMA 166 92 Figure 4 This figure shows the upper left hand side of the incubation ouput worksheet The column Single Egg or Alevin Weight is a rough calculation of total egg or alevin biomass based on changes in chinook egg and alevin weight reported by Mclean and Lim 1985 Actual measured weights can be inserted to obtain more precise estimates of ammonia excretion which is calculated based on biomass see description below and in Appendix 5 The rest of the weekly table Fig 5 showing columns K to R calculates the critical oxygen level Pc and the dissolved oxygen concentration DO at the inflow and outflow of the incubator The critical level Pc is the minimum environmental oxygen concen
9. 1 416333719 2 781366584 mE MAWW or fry emergence 2008 BLM Modified Belehadrek model where y days and T C y pl T ps SG Schnute Growth model where y days and T C y ps p ps 1 ExpCpi T D 1 ExpCp 19 7 Table 6 Model coefficients for mechanical shock and temperature warnings polynomial model y a bx cx For the mechanical shock model y LD50 cm and x ATU C days For the temperature warnings yzLD50 egg mortality and x temperature C 63 69858692 90 28733234 1 24863876 17 9755668 0 005957915 0 887393073 eee 72 81 728299 57 4770217 1 95341902 15 5908092 0 010376686 1 110897223 ee e Parameter 1 784905618 1224460044 b 145661082 24807908 0 0082806 see LLL Parameter a 1068272200 8889141181 b 216704 169765798 pee ed 828058168 9085614168 b 85999881 2423071 Rhmosamn 1 a 785537 481178 b 1 739165882 15 8019 0 009589321 1 419607 LE Table 7 Model coefficients for standardized changes in egg to alevin total weight based on egg and alevin weight changes observed by Mclean and Lim 1985 These predicted egg or alevin weights are only approximate estimates and are used for Ro and ammonia calculations see Appendix 5 a 0 992394481 0 999743722 0 999716384 0 997831895 0 997898957 0 998199169 0 992394481 L
10. 2 0008200704 0005057141 0 005063384 Q005619015 0 00553697 _0 005752556_ 0 005200704 0 000044233 0 000043068 0 000043003 0 000053429 0 000051149 0 000058534 0 000044233 a 2z1977t 06 216355E 06 214091E 06 277508E06 2 88901E 06 320076E06 2 21977E 06 e S0445E 08 2 9735E 08 2 8684E 08 3 9247E 08 3 5613E 08 4 7077E 08 3 0445E 08 Appendix 2 Introduction to WinSIRP Utilities Programs The Utilities package augments WinSIRP Each worksheet is described below 1 AvgWeeklyTempCal Calculates weekly average temperatures from daily temperatures that can be copied and inserted into the IncubationInput worksheet 2 HeathTray Takes re aeration into account and predicts DO at the outflow of a stack of Heath Trays 3 Barometric Pressure Predicts average barometric pressure as a function of altitude Also converts barometric pressure in mmHg into other common units 4 Feed Water Takes moisture content of different Diets into account and calculates feed rate g dry food per g of fish per day or dry d Also predicts maximum ration from fish weight and temperature 5 OxygenSat Calculates the 6 oxygen saturation of a water supply given the oxygen concentration mg L and temperature Also presents DO criteria for salmonids 6 Treatment Chemicals WinSIRP uses Parasite S as the default chemical in the treatment programs This Utility shows how to adapt the program to
11. 83 17 Given a pump rate pond volume and flow rate prepare a stock so 18 that the target concentration is achieved after given period of pumping 13 Target Concentration ppm 167 0 20 Pump Duration min 50 0 21 Pump Rate q mL min 200 0 _ 22 Stock Volume L 20 0 23 24 Treatment chemical required L 170 25 Volume of water required L 18 30 26 Stock Concentration ppm 85208 27 Stock used per treatment L 12 28 23 Mean Residence Time min 3 includes pump flow 30 Target Dose C x T ppm min 10020 31 Actual Dose ppm min 20428 Dose is high consider increasing flushing flow after treatment Figure 18 Circular pond treatment scenario output worksheet 26 Prediction Concentration in Pond Outflow vs Time Concentration at Outflow vs Time Flow LPM E a a amp 8 x 30 5 7 e 6 100 Time min Outflow Concentration ppm Flow during treatment LPM Flow following treatment LPM Figure 19 Circular pond scenario 1 plot illustrating the concentration at outflow versus time Scenario 2 WinSIRP predicts the pump rate required to achieve the target concentration given a specified stock concentration As in scenario 1 the target is achieved at the end of the pump duration After entering the pond parameters the next screen asks for information about the treatment the target concentration and
12. cm sec ATUs C days Chinook 113 84 Chinook 710 8 Chum Chum Coho Coho Pink Pink Sockeye Sockeye 7038 906 Steelhead 78 62 Steelhead Atlantic salmon 5 49 123 09 Atlantic salmon Also in the incubation program that predicts weekly changes in embryonic development rate and metabolism an additional column has been added that warns of mechanical shock sensitivity based on LD50s The warnings are as follows If the LDSO is greater than 115 cm then the warning is Shock resistant If the LD50 is between 115 and 50 cm then the warning is Sensitive If the LD50 is between 50 and 10 cm then the warning is Very Sensitive If the LD50 is less than 10 cm then the warning is Extremely Sensitive The plot of LD50s see Fig 6 in the earlier section of this report illustrates the typical changes in egg sensitivity to mechanical shock for all 7 salmonid species In WinSIRP the temperature can be changed from 10 C and the subsequent development times to various ATUS are calculated allowing the user to better predict changes in egg sensitivity with fluctuating water temperatures AYN 4 Egg Mortality at High and Low Temperatures Many researchers have studied and reported on pacific salmon egg mortality at high and low temperatures Egg mortality data for the 6 Oncorhynchus species from Beacham and Murray 1985 1986 1988 and 1989 Murray et al 1990 and Velsen 1987 were consolidated for each species and
13. for stock 28 and stock 2 are 15 and 60 minutes respectively The volume of each stock is arbitrarily set to 20 L The program warns that stock 1 is over the maximum concentration because the pump rate is too low In this case the target concentration cannot be reached The pump rate can be increased at cell D19 on the output page At a pump rate of 100 mL min stock 1 is 538 224 ppm and stock 2 is 83 667 ppm The recipe for stock 1 is 10 76 L of Parasite S and 9 24 L of water while stock 2 is 1 67 L of Parasite S and 18 33 L of water The program also shows that 1 5 L of stock 1 and 6 0 L of stock 2 were used in the treatment out of the 20 L prepared To prepare just enough stock for a single treatment i e none left over enter 1 5 L in cell K23 and 6 L in cell K34 The program automatically calculates new recipes for these smaller volumes As in the other examples blue cells can be changed directly on the output page Raceways Select Raceway at the dropdown menu in the Treatment Wizard Step 1 requires input of pond parameters length width water depth flow and biomass Default settings for target concentration and pump duration are for Parasite S Choose scenario 1 if you have the pump rate set and want the recipe for the stock solution and choose scenario 2 if you have a known stock concentration and want to calculate the pump rate to achieve the treatment target After choosing scenario 1 step 2 asks for the pump rate
14. modelled using a jn order polynomial since the data exhibited a typical parabolic shape with increased mortality at high and low temperature extremes Chinook egg mortality response data and the parabolic model are shown below in Fig 24 to illustrate this Recent research at PBS on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar has now been modelled Jensen et al 2004 and is included with the other 6 species model parameters below in Table 12 Table 12 Second order polynomial i e yza bx cx model parameters for the 7 salmonid species Steelhead Atlantic Parameter Chinook Chum Coho Sockeye or Salmon Rainbow on don 4 a i 45 There are a number of observations to be made from Table 12 Differences in R values likely are due to variations in quantity of data with the number of data records n for each species varying from 16 to 101 Also data were compiled from many different sources Therefore we may be seeing stock differences as well as differences in how constant the temperatures were during egg incubation In addition there were differences in the distribution of temperatures to which the different species were exposed Finally these data represent the total mortality for eggs from fertilization to hatch except for Atlantic salmon mortality is from egg to swim up in response to exposure to constant temperatures Hence since there are many variables that have influenced the predictive power of these models it was decided th
15. of 500 days is considered safe i e there is no chance of even the most sensitive members of a population developing gas bubble trauma Rearing programs are accessed from the WinSIRP drop down menu They appear as typical Excel worksheets with each row being a separate rearing scenario As with the incubation program blue cells can be changed by the user inputs and red cells are calculated values output The workbooks have been set for automatic recalculation Pond O2 This module requires the following information average daily temperature C ration level mean fish weight g load rate kg fish per LPM BP or barometric pressure mmHg and inflow DO Some of these inputs require further explanation Ration level is expressed in units of 96 dry food per day i e grams of dry food per 100 grams of fish per day If the food has a moisture content of 30 so dry material 70 and 5 g is presented to 100 g of fish per day then the dry ration level 96 dry day is 3 5 0 7 5g This is a critical parameter because the oxygen consumption rate is dependent on ration level fish consume oxygen when they capture and process food As ration increases Ro increases and outflow DO drops It should be cautioned that the program will continue to generate values even if ration is above satiation this will lead to an overestimate of Ro To guard against this column K shows a suggested maximum ration or satiation level This model was derived
16. original format in the SIRP package to include the following modules 1 INCUBATION WIZARD This series of excel worksheets consists of egg to fry models to predict embryonic development in response to weekly mean water temperatures and associated metabolic responses i e oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion along with changes in egg sensitivity to mechanical shock and to high and low temperatures for 6 Oncorhynchus and 1 Salmo species 2 TREATMENT WIZARD This series of excel worksheets calculates chemical stock concentrations dispensing pump flow rates and pond flow rates for fish disease treatments formalin is used as the default chemical but other chemicals readily can be substituted 3 REARING Load Rate and Pond O2 These worksheets calculate oxygen consumption rates for salmonid fry up to about 50 grams at various temperatures and ration levels 4 TGP Models 11 amp 13 from Jensen et al 1986 These worksheets calculate juvenile salmonid time to 50 mortality in response to excess gas supersaturation and 5 UTILITIES A series of 9 worksheets that e take re aeration into account and predict DO at the outflow of a stack of Heath Trays e predict average barometric pressure as a function of altitude and convert barometric pressure in mmHg into other common units e take moisture content of different Diets into account and calculate feed rate g dry food per g of fish per day or dry d and predict maximum ration f
17. other chemicals 7 TreatCircular Presents the equations used in WinSIRP to predict treatment concentration duration and dose in mixed flow ponds e g circulars Burrows 8 RacewayModel Describes the model used in WinSIRP to predict the effect of longitudinal dispersion on treatment chemical passing down a raceway 9 RacewaySimulation Predicts the concentration profiles for Parasite S treatment halfway down the length of the pond and at the pond outlet 38 Appendix 3 Emergence of Pink Fry from Gravel Box Incubators WinSIRP predicts the time required for alevins to attain maximum alevin wet weight MAWW Models were derived from data based on constant temperature regimes In this case MAWW is a good indicator of fry emergence and downstream migration For highly variable temperatures fry emergence and migration can differ markedly from the predicted MAWW This difference is particularly noticeable for pink fry migrating from gravel boxes in early spring The examples below show the daily pink fry emergence from gravel boxes incubated at Quinsam Hatchery on river water Figure 20 shows migration from a box where the average incubation temperature was 4 8 C The predicted MAWW occurred on March 31 853 ATUS while emergence 50 actually occurred on April 8 Figure 21 shows a more extreme difference between the observed emergence and predicted MAWW In this case the average temperature was 6 5 C and emergence w
18. to mechanical shock is illustrated by plotting LD50 s drop height causing 5046 mortality cm for all 7 species included in WinSIRP against development time ATUSs C days For this scenario the incubation temperature was 10 C 11 Figure 7 Incubation output table illustrating extremely low DO OUT levels at 2910 ATUS 12 Figure 8 Temperature input table for manual weekly varying mean temperatures showing the first 15 Week Set ne nn e tete Hr He EE e peste eie Gere epe Eq e EOM AER eee RE 13 Figure 9 Part of the Incubation output worksheet for example 2 14 Figure 10 This figure shows DO conditions have improved until the last 3 weeks of development where DO OUT falls below critical oxygen Pc mg L value Of 4 40 15 Figure 11 Oxygen plot from example 1 Included in the figure are weekly mean temperatures flow rate Pc DO m DO o t and RO rte erect eere ite tene teer ivoire gre EY UNE es 16 Figure 12 Custom plot of ammonia production vs oxygen consumption rates in example 2 16 Figure 13 Pond O2 example showing inputs in blue and calculated outputs in red 18 Figure 14 Model 11 gas supersaturation example esee nennen 20 Figure 15 This figure illustrates the sparing effect of depth compensation i e 50 days to 5096 mortality at 1 meter compared to greater than 200 days to 50 mortality at 1 75 meters
19. 12 Example 2 A bulk incubator no re aeration is loaded with 500 000 chinook eggs and the flow is 50 Z LPM The temperature varies according to the following Table Fig 8 Week Temperature 0 17 3 Week 0 amp 1 must be the same value 1 115 2 16 2 3 13 4 4 114 5 10 0 6 94 8 7 8 7 5 9 8 0 10 9 0 11 9 0 12 10 0 15 10 0 14 10 0 15 10 0 16 Figure 8 Temperature input table for manual weekly varying mean temperatures showing the first 15 weeks At the eyed stage the eggs will be moved to Heath trays at 6500 per tray and incubated to ponding MAWW If eggs are fertilized on Nov 1 when is the eyed stage reached so that the eggs can be moved The pH of the water supply is very high and stable at 8 0 and the inflow ammonia concentration is 0 4 mg L What are the ammonia concentrations in the bulk incubator and in a Heath stack 8 trays per stack N 52 000 with a flow of 15 LPM Assume BP 750 mmHg DO 95 and the initial egg weight is 340 mg Before entering the Incubation Wizard go to the worksheet titled IncubationInput and enter the temperature for each week or copy and paste from another spreadsheet Then go to the Wizard and enter the other parameters for the bulk incubator eggs 500 000 flow 50 LPM etc Make sure that temperature in the Input Wizard is set to manual The Output Table Fig 9 shows that eggs reach the eyed stage on Nov 14 at 211 ATUs The un ioni
20. 26 11 14 0 49 0 01 0 02 Shock Resistant LC50 115cm mortality lt 20 4 76 1 26 11 00 0 78 0 02 0 03 Shock Resistant LC50 gt 115cm mortality lt 20 5 92 1 26 10 77 1 14 0 03 0 05 Shock Resistant LC50 gt 115cm mortality lt 20 7 07 11 26 10 44 1 55 0 03 0 06 Shock Resistant LC50 115cm mortality lt 20 8 22 11 26 9 99 2105 0 04 0 08 Shock Resistant LC50 gt 115cm mortality lt 20 4 40 1 26 9 40 2 59 0 06 0 11 4 40 1 26 8 65 3 19 0 07 0 14 4 40 1 26 rae 3 84 0 09 0 17 4 40 1 26 6 62 4 54 0 12 0 22 4 40 1 26 5 30 5 29 0 15 0 28 4 40 1 26 3 76 6 08 0 18 0 34 4 40 1 26 1 98 6 91 0 22 0 41 Figure 5 This figure shows the right hand side of the incubation output worksheet Mechanical shock table For a given species the sensitivity of eggs to mechanical shock varies with stage of development and hence ATUs The Mechanical Shock Table predicts the magnitude of shock that will kill 50 of the eggs LD50 at different ATUs Fig 6 shows LD50 s for 7 species combined in one figure in WinSIRP each species has a separate figure showing changes in egg sensitivity The models for predicting changes in egg sensitivity are listed in Appendix 5 Shock sensitivity was determined by probit analyses of egg mortality after dropping the eggs from several heights onto a solid surface for sudden standardized impacts Jensen and Alderdice 1983 1986 Sweeten et al 2004 The LD50s are calculated for ATUs corresponding to specific times of intere
21. 32 Since there currently are no similar data for the other salmonid species included in SIRP we have used the ammonia Ro relationship developed for chinook and made the assumption that at corresponding stages of development the other 6 species will exhibit similar metabolism to chinook Therefore equation 2 is used to predict ammonia excretion for the other 6 salmonid species based on their calculated Ro values 2 Ro oxygen consumption rates The Ro models used for all salmonid species with the exception of Atlantic salmon described below in Appendix 6 were developed Dr Peter Rombough and reported in Mclean et al 1991 from which the the Ro equations were obtained 3 Mechanical Shock Sensitivity of eggs Mechanical shock refers to the force on eggs that occurs as a result of disturbance to eggs Disturbances can occur during handling i e egg removal from female pouring eggs into incubators egg transportation egg picking or from outside sources such as pile driving or blasting and seismic shock Jensen and Alderdice 1983 1989 reported changes in shock sensitivity in units of energy ergs transferred to eggs on impact based on the drop height that caused 50 96 and 10 mortality Their work was conducted at 10 C Assuming that the changes in mechanical shock sensitivity are associated mainly with stage of development then it follows that the data of Jensen and Alderdice 1983 1989 and more recently Jensen 2003 and Sweet
22. 83 Changes in mechanical shock sensitivity of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch eggs during incubation Aquaculture 32 303 312 Jensen J O T and Alderdice D F 1989 Comparison of mechanical shock sensitivity of eggs of five Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus species and steelhead trout Salmo gairdneri Aquaculture 78 163 181 Jensen J O T Damon W Sweeten T McLean W E Howard K Lawrie J Beile L and Lawrie M 2004 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar egg and larval development and mortality rates at temperatures ranging from 4 to 14 C 11 pgs In Proceedings of the 55th Annual Northwest Fish Culture Conference Victoria B C Jensen J O T McLean W E Rombough P J and Septav T 1992 Salmonid incubation and rearing programs for IBM compatible computers Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 1878 46 p Jensen J O T Mclean W E Sweeten T and Jensen M E 2002 WinSIRP New Microsoft Windows based salmonid incubation and rearing programs designed for Microsoft Excel Incubation of Fish Biology and Techniques Proc Int Fish Phys Symp July 22 25 2002 UBC Vancouver BC Canada Pages 21 36 31 Jensen J O T Schnute J and Alderdice D F 1986 Assessing juvenile salmonid response to gas supersaturation using a general multivariate dose response model Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43 1694 1700 Hoskins G E West C J and Kling A E 1983 Computer management of fish health problems in hatch
23. LD50 G Chum Salmon LD50 Coho Salmon LD50 a Pink Salmon LD50 e Sockeye Salmon LD50 e Rainbow or Steelhead Trout LD50 n Atlantic salmon LD50 Mean Temperature C Days Figure 6 Changes in egg sensitivity to mechanical shock is illustrated by plotting LD50 s drop height causing 50 mortality cm for all 7 species included in WinSIRP against development time ATUs C days For this scenario the incubation temperature was 10 C Incubation program examples Example 1 A stack of 8 Heath trays is loaded at 6000 chinook eggs per tray N 48 000 the water flow is 15 LPM and the temperature of the well water is a constant 10 C The hatchery has an elevation of 100 m so the average BP 750 mmHg see Utilities DO measurements of the incubation inflow show that it is only 90 of saturation If eggs are fertilized on November 1 when do the eyed hatch and MAWW maximum alevin wet weight stages occur Is the oxygen supply adequate To get a projection enter these parameters in the Incubation Wizard Default values are assumed for initial egg weight pH and ammonia 11 J Output Table Chinook Wizard Inputs 01 Nov 08 01 Nov 08 Fertilization 48000 55 55 10 0 06 Nov 08 Begin Epiboly 340 134 134 10 0 14 Nov 08 Yolk Plug Closed 30 249 24 9 10 0 25 Nov 08 Eyed 750 526 526 10 0 23 Dec 08 50 Hatch 366 05 Feb 09 MAWW 70 0 0 15 0 Species Chi
24. RING PROGRAMS hose eet bee peo dte eiecit pe ett teet es eria 17 Description of Rearing Programs see 17 POT O2 ne TEES 17 Load RATE eR Bvt Sosa sens He epit esce taie eene UR bes eb E E tees 19 Examples using Pond O2 and Load Rate ses 19 Model 11 sas supersaturation 3 ci i mnc rero pO t rH DO Ra OU Rt 20 Model 13 sas supersaturation 5 so netatie rn RP E P e Rp LO p erra OU EID AU Rs 21 Examples using Gas Supersaturation Programs cssssssscsseseceseeeceseceeesecnevsecnaeeceaecaeesecseestenaeseeeas 21 TREATMENT PROGRAMS fos oii 05 2 I HIERRO POIL ED me rent bed a OU ERO DATE SES 24 Introduction 2i aenean ERU en p DE te DOR A es 24 Description of Treatment Programs 24 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS im orit RO E pb t DOR RR DO AU Sen 30 REEERENCES 5 time dra nta UPPER OERE aah ote ote eL fb pst esas tend a aE E ees 31 APPENDIX 5 45 23 asta ener ER E apa thie OI E itp a or EHE EROR Des 33 Appendix 1 Incubation models and equation constants 33 Appendix 2 Introduction to WinSIRP Utilities Programs 0 0 0 cee scsesecssesecsereeceeeeeceaeceeesecaeeeeenaeeeees 38 Appendix 3 Emergence of Pink Fry from Gravel Box Incubators eene 39 Appendix 4 Some standard treatments for fish culture 42 Appendix 5 Details on additional features in the Incubation portion of WinSIRP 43 1 Ammonia excretion Tates ober e eee tetro e Lo esu vege olde eee en eL Peg dese rare nate 43 2 Ro ox
25. RN GITEN Chinook 647018722 5 4962747222 32 3110703 Beginning of epiboly and convergence BLM Velsen1987 Chinook 207 1222814 1 143230343 1 001756111 Yolk plug closed completion ofepiboly BLM _ Velsen 1987 883 2385275 1 414574147 2 457463872 Eyed 3 4 yolk vascularized BLM Velsen 1987 Chinook 524090774 39184502 _ 19 0720758 MAWWorfyemergece BLM McLean 1991 Chum 235 8554168 1 529119598 2 535180846 Beginning of epiboly and convergence BLM Chum 510 6446646 1 50313419 1 325714686 Yolk plug closed completion of epiboly BLM Velsen1987 2378 325397 1 76190458 3 947781414 Eyed 3 4 yolk vascularized Velsen 1987 0 1362313 0 7193096 177 8355 25 8466 50 hatch Velsen 1987 314 4147 0 51820524 1 6820473 MAWW or fry emergence McLean 1991 BLM 58 50977413 1 030026354 0 320168036 Beginning of epiboly and convergence Velsen 1987 Coho 1303048207 3 436728916 19 21278684 Yolk plug closed completion of epiboly_ BLM Velsen 1987 16661 25802 2 255270212 8 618379214 Eyed 3 4 yolk vascularized Velsen 1987 50 hatch Coho 923367 4542 2899531 15 02884151 MAWW or fry emergence BLM McLean 1991 Pink 13 51459541 0 671480565 2 871384151 Beginning of epiboly and convergence BLM Velsen 1987 Pink 704 6378875 1 567007981 1 593069 Yolk plug closed completion of epiboly BLM _ Velsen 1987 Pi
26. This is below the 6 mg L criteria and requires corrective action for example a reduction in the number of fish an increase in flow an increase in inflow DO or a decrease in Ration These scenarios can be tested by running new trials Example 4 For the 2 gram fish in example 1 find the load rate that gives a daily minimum DO of 6 mg L inputs are the same as above In the Rearing Load Rate program input temperature ration fish weight and a minimum outflow DO of 6 0 mg L The program calculates a maximum allowable load rate of 0 556 kg per LPM This could be achieved by increasing the flow to 360 LPM 200 kg 0 556 kg per LPM 360 LPM Alternatively if additional flow was not available the number of fish could be reduced to 55 600 2 g fish 55600 fish 1000 g kg 200 LPM 0 556 kg per LPM Pond DO levels could also be kept at 6 0 mg L by oxygen supplementation of the inflow Using the Rearing Pond O2 program with the load rate at 1 0 kg per LPM the inflow 19 O2 96 blue cell is increased by trial and error until the minimum DO reaches 6 0 mg L this occurs when the inflow is 126 96 of saturation 13 55 mg L Model 11 gas supersaturation Model 11 predicts ET50 exposure time to 50 mortality for juvenile salmonids exposed to excess total gas pressure TGP or gas supersaturation Fig 14 In addition to the effect of TGP this model also includes water depth temperature fish length and barometric pressure as ancil
27. WinSIRP Version 2 0 User Manual Microsoft Windows based Salmonid Incubation and Rearing Programs Designed for Microsoft Excel J O T Jensen W E McLean M E Jensen T Sweeten and W Damon Fisheries and Oceans Canada Science Branch Pacific Region Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo British Columbia VOT 6N7 2009 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2839 Fisheries P ches Lei E and Oceans et Oc ans Canada Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Technical reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which is not normally appropriate for primary literature Technical reports are directed primarily toward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans namely fisheries and aquatic sciences Technical reports may be cited as full publications The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report Each report is abstracted in Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and indexed in the Department s annual index to scientific and technical publications Numbers 1 456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada Numbers 457 714 were issued as Department of the Environment Fisheries and Marine Service Research and Development Dir
28. as almost 1 month later than the WinSIRP prediction 956 ATUs Fry emergence was suppressed by the decreasing temperature in late February and then triggered by the sharp temperature increase in mid March These examples show the difficulty of predicting emergence for variable temperature regimes Quinsam Brood 1996 Box 4 35 10 v 30 9 25 8 20 WinSIRP 8 Daily D 15 7 e AvgTemp 5 40 uU 5 6 0 5 21 Mar 26 Mar 31 Mar 5 Apr 10 Apr 15 Apr Date 1997 Figure 20 Pink fry emergence and water temperature for 1996 brood gravel box 4 at Quinsam Hatchery The value predicted by WinSIRP is one week earlier than the observed 50 emergence 39 Quinsam Brood 1997 Box 2 Temperature C 9 D 8 64 29 WinSIRP 7 ume g Daily D 6 e AvgTemp co E u 5 4 4 Feb 14 Feb 24 Feb 6 Mar 16 Mar 26 Mar Date 1998 Figure 21 Pink fry emergence and water temperature for Quinsam Hatchery 1997 Brood gravel box 2 The WinSIRP value is too early and emergence does not begin until the temperature increases Because of these differences a separate model was developed for the emergence of pink fry from gravel boxes on surface water variable temperature Figure 22 shows a plot of ATUS to 50 emergence against the average incubation temperature the new model line and observed points from Quinsam Puntledge and Headquarters Creek Hatcheries are displayed M
29. as in example 1 Several iterations with new inputs can quickly be tried until conditions become acceptable Graphing incubation data It is usually helpful to graph your data SIRP Plot in the menu bar has ready made graphs for ammonia and oxygen Incubation Oxygen Plot for Example 1 is shown in Figure 11 Custom graphs can be built by highlighting columns and using the Excel graphics function Also Columns can be copied to other spreadsheets and incorporated into graphs Figure 12 shows a custom plot of ammonia production vs oxygen consumption rates from Example 2 Values from columns J and M were copied and pasted to another worksheet and then graphed To paste data to a new workbook use the special paste function and choose the Microsoft Excel Format Figure 11 shows the rapid increase in oxygen consumption with development days from fertilization The outflow oxygen concentration is for a closed incubator no re aeration and so is an underestimate for a stack of Heath Trays At hatch the critical oxygen concentration Pc drops dramatically In this example the oxygen levels drop below Pc in the later stages of incubation and so alevins are jeopardized 15 Oxygen Consumption 16 0 180 14 0 189 140 5 12 0 o Q 120 z 10 0 Weekly Mean Temp C a 100 Mean Flow Rate LPM o E 8 0 Pc mg L E 80 K DO IN mg L 60 0 DO OUT mg L E 60
30. asy to use drop down menus are provided for species and fertilization date Fig 3 Incubation Wizard x Species Chinook x D0 10 Date of fertilization 1 1 2008 x BP mmHg 760 Number of eggs 50000 pH 70 Initial egg weight mal a NH3 mg L 0000 Temperature C Flow LPM 150 Constant 10 0 C Manual Figure 3 Incubation Wizard data input window DO refers to the dissolved oxygen as a percentage of saturation of the water flowing to the incubator With good aeration it is usually above 95 Flow LPM is the water flow in litres per minute to an incubator or a series of incubators see Heath Tray in Utilities for re aeration calculation The number of eggs refers to total number in the series i e enter 50 000 if there are 10 Heath trays at 5000 eggs per tray For Heath tray incubation the program also needs the number of trays per stack The initial egg weight is the egg weight mg before fertilization and water activation often called green egg weight default values are suggested for each species BP is the barometric pressure in mmHg and is ideally measured with a barometer or saturometer average value is 760 mmHg at sea level Local current values may sometimes be obtained from the Environment Canada website weatheroffice com note that these values are corrected to sea level Barometric pressure decreases with altitude the relationship between BP and altitude is g
31. at broad temperature warnings see the vertical arrows in Fig 24 should be given based on the models in Table 12 Four levels of temperature warnings were chosen namely 1 If at a given incubation temperature the second order polynomial model predicts a value of 20 mortality or less then the following warning is given Expect 20 or less egg mortality at this temperature If at a given incubation temperature the second order polynomial model predicts a value between 20 and 30 mortality then the following warning is given Expect 20 to 30 egg mortality at this temperature If at a given incubation temperature the second order polynomial model predicts a value between 30 and 50 mortality then the following warning is given Expect 30 to 50 egg mortality at this temperature If at a given incubation temperature the second order polynomial model predicts a value greater than 50 mortality then the following warning is given Expect greater than 50 egg mortality at this temperature 8 Mortality a Figure 24 Chinook egg mortality in response to constant temperature from fertilization to hatch The solid line represents the equation y 117 252220 25 3536221x 1 30038x R 0 7498 The vertical arrows represent warning levels described in the text above 46 Appendix 6 New Models used for Atlantic salmon The following models were developed from data produced from several year s of collabora
32. by Stauffer 1973 and is a function of water temperature and fish size It is recommended that ration level should not exceed the maximum ration presented in column K see Utilities Load Rate 1s the ratio of the biomass of fish kg to water flow in litres per minute LPM or kg per LPM Barometric Pressure affects the solubility of gases in solution and hence affects the initial oxygen concentration the default for this column is 760 mmHg Utilities Barometric Pressure Inflow DO saturation has a default of 95 most 17 hatcheries meet or exceed this level during rearing operations The program will convert DO to mg L column J when calculations are performed Fig 13 EN i 10 100 10 00 100 0 760 49 95 EN 20 100 10 00 1 00 0 760 53 95 EN 3 3 0 1 00 10 00 100 0 760 57 95 NN 4 4 0 1 00 10 00 1 00 0 760 6 1 95 5 5 0 100 10 00 1 00 0 760 6 5 95 95 13 47 0 03 168 24 256 57 10 7 9 2 35 13 11 0 29 168 45 256 84 10 3 8 8 95 12 76 0 53 163 05 257 60 3 3 8 5 35 12 43 0 77 170 23 253 11 9 6 84 35 12 0 33 172 20 261 62 9 2 7 8 35 11 81 1 21 175 16 265 40 8 3 7 4 35 11 51 141 173 30 270 63 8 5 7 0 Figure 13 Pond O2 example showing inputs in blue and calculated outputs in red Inputs for Pond O2 should be within the following limits shown in Table 2 Table 2 Pond O2 lower and upper data input limits Lower Limit Upper Limit Temperature oC 5 19 Ration dry day 0 Maximum Rati
33. cal level of 4 4 mg L Fig 10 The combination of high ammonia and low DO increases alevin mortality delays development and reduces the conversion of yolk to tissue i e decreases fry size Jensen 1981 14 H Wizard Inputs Manual Temperature Input 0 0 d T 121 1 Begin Epiboly 0 91 2 00 8 97 8 91 0 32 0 41 12 83 Extremely Sensitive LC50 lt 10cm mortality gt 50 14 234 5 Yolk Plug Closed 4 37 6 78 9 18 8 92 0 76 0 42 12 15 Shock Resistant LC50 115cm 30 lt mortality lt 50 21 328 3 Eyed 9 57 7 22 9 75 9 20 121 0 43 10 11 Shock Resistant LC50 115cm mortality 2096 28 408 1 15 29 7 58 10 21 933 1 60 0 44 8 85 Shock Resistant LC50 gt 115cm mortality lt 20 35 478 1 21 23 8 02 10 55 9 32 1 96 0 44 8 09 Shock Resistant LC50 gt 115cm mortality 2096 42 543 9 50 Hatch 28 97 4 40 10 70 9 03 2 37 0 45 7 90 49 604 8 36 46 4 40 10 89 8 78 273 0 46 7 65 56 657 3 40 12 4 40 11 21 8 89 2 90 0 47 7 07 63 713 3 54 01 4 40 11 07 7 96 3 48 0 49 7 64 70 776 3 77 19 4 40 10 81 6 35 4 33 0 52 8 76 77 8393 96 58 4 40 10 81 5 23 4 96 0 55 9 22 84 909 3 134 61 4 40 10 55 2 77 6 07 0 59 10 78 91 9793 MAMAN 166 58 4 40 10 55 0 93 6 90 0 63 11 48 Figure 10 This figure shows DO conditions have improved until the last 3 weeks of development where DO OUT falls below critical oxygen Pc mg L value of 4 40 The low DO OUT conditions can be alleviated by increasing the flow or DO
34. ctive models the reader is referred to the References section System Requirements WinSIRP requires a computer capable of running Microsoft Excel in Windows and a CD ROM drive or access to the internet to download the installation package Getting Started To install the program unzip the WinSIRP 2 0 zip file if downloaded from the internet run the setup exe and follow the installation instructions Then start WinSIRP by selecting Start Programs and clicking on WinSIRP A small start up window Fig 1 will appear as follows p WinSIRP Welcome WInSIRP Win 9X ME NT XP Vista Version 2 2008 Pacific Biological Station Fisheries and Oceans Canada Figure 1 WinSIRP start up Welcome Window Menu Structure After clicking OK on the welcome window a familiar Excel workbook appears with three new headings on the menu bar SIRP SIRP Plots and SIRP HELP Fig 2 F3 Microsoft Excel WinSIRP xls a Ele Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help AdobePDF SIRP SIRP Plots SIRP Utilities SIRP HELP Osea SRY LBE S amp x 2 i dy Egos 2 aria CD Qt 48 1 H A A v p WinSIRP Version 2 0 for Microsoft Excel 2008 Salmon Incubation and Rearing Programs Contact John Jensen Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo BC V9T6N Canada Email Address John Jensen dfo mpo gc ca LIABILITY DISCLAIMER NOTICE OF LIABILITY The Government of Canada shall have no liability or responsibility to any person or
35. d after 60 minutes The pump is turned off and the concentration slowly decreases as the chemical is flushed out of the pond To make 20 L of stock the program says that we need 1 7 L of Parasite S mixed with 18 3 L of water The program gives the concentration of this stock solution 1 7 L 1 000 000 uL L 20 L 85 208 uL L 85 208 ppm and the volume of stock used per treatment 200 mL min 60 min 12 000 mL 12 L Fig 18 The concentration vs time plot Fig 19 shows that after 60 minutes the pond concentration reaches 167 ppm The pump is turned off and concentration slowly decays the graph shows that the fish are exposed to 85 1 ppm 2 hours after the start of the treatment Because of the slow decay the actual dose is much higher than the target dose 20 428 vs 10 020 ppm min and the program displays a warning Dose is high consider increasing flushing flow after treatment If the new flushing flow of 100 L min is entered at cell D9 the dose falls to 12999 ppm min This is because the Parasite S is flushed out of the pond more quickly the concentration at 2 hours is only 43 3 ppm 4 5 Pond Parameters 6 Diameter ft 10 0 _ 7 _ Depth ft 2 0 8 Water Flow O Limin 50 0 flow during treatment 3 Flushing Flow L min 50 0 How following treatment 19 Biomass kg ra t 12 Pond Volume v L 4448 13 Density kg m 3 3 14 Load Rate kg per LPM 0 3 15 Mean Residence Time MRT min
36. e 3 Input data limits for TGP Model 11 Lower Limit Upper Limit TGP 100 140 Depth m 0 01 3 Temperature C 2 20 Fish Length mm 10 250 BP mmHg 600 780 The program will accept and calculate ET50 at any water depth greater than zero However the depth column numbers are rounded to the nearest 0 1 m Therefore if the 20 user enters a water depth of 0 01 m it will show as 0 0 m and the program will calculate based on a depth of 0 01 m Model 13 gas supersaturation Model 13 predicts ET50 in response to excess gas pressure Delta P as measured on a tensionometer and dissolved oxygen The model requires the user to input DO mg L temperature C Delta P mmHg BP mmHg and salinity ppt if the fish are in seawater The program calculates TGP 96 O2 96 N2 and ET50 days Inputs should be within the limits shown in Table 4 Table 4 Input data limits for TGP Model 13 Lower Limit Upper Limit DO mg L 4 28 Temperature C 2 20 Delta P mmHg 76 300 BP mmHg 600 780 Salinity ppt 0 35 Examples using Gas Supersaturation Programs Example 5 Construct a graph showing the effect of water depth on ET50 if TGP 96 120 fish length 5 cm temperature 8 C and BP 760 mmHg Click on TGP model 11 in the WinSIRP menu and enter TGP 120 Depth 0 m temperature 8 C length 50 mm and BP 760 mmHg in row 1 blue cells WinSirp a
37. e initially prepare 20 L of stock so there will be 6 L left over at the end of the treatment If we want to prepare just 12 L of stock so there is none remaining the stock recipe is mix 1 02 L of Parasite S 12 L 85000 1000000 with 10 98 L of water 12 00 1 02 Scenarios and 2 are often effective and are frequently used in practise However they do not achieve the target concentration until the end of the pump duration and so tend to under treat the fish Scenarios 3 and 4 are more complex treatments that achieve the target concentration for the prescribed time Scenario 3 In this option the pump rate is initially elevated for a short time default time 5 min so that the target concentration 167 ppm is quickly achieved At the end of this initial period the pump rate is reduced so that the target is maintained for the prescribed time 60 min The stock concentration is specified by the user and is the same over the entire treatment Example 9 scenario 3 Determine the pump rates required to treat the pond in example 1 so that the target concentration is achieved after 15 minutes and is maintained for 60 minutes Assume the stock solution is 85 000 ppm 1 70 L of Parasite S 18 30 L of water On the Pond Parameters page of Treatment Wizard enter a flushing flow of 50 L min and choose scenario 3 On the next page enter the stock concentration of 85000 ppm the default values for pump times are set for 15 and 60 minutes a
38. e phase of incubation i e from 200 to 800 ATUS at temperatures ranging from 4 to 10 C The model developed and employed in WinSIRP for Atlantic salmon is as follows Ro mg 1000 h Exp 14 9529 2 6113 Ln ATU T C 2 9654 Ln T C R2 0 7291 N97 Critical oxygen concentration Pc mg L was not determined for Atlantic salmon eggs to fry Hence the Pc calculated in WinSIRP uses the Coho model due to its similarity i e similar sensitivity to cold water 48 ammonia vi 1 2 5 6 8 11 13 14 15 16 37 43 Atlantic salmon vi 1 2 5 30 31 35 36 37 43 45 46 47 48 ATU 10 12 36 48 barometric pressure 1 6 17 20 38 BP 5 6 7 11 13 17 18 19 20 21 22 chemical vi 1 24 25 26 27 38 42 chinook vi 1 5 8 11 13 31 36 37 43 chum vi 1 31 36 37 coho vi 1 31 32 36 37 critical oxygen 8 15 depth 20 21 22 25 29 DO 1 2 5 6 7 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 38 egg sensitivity vi 1 10 11 44 45 egg weight 5 6 11 13 embryonic development vi 1 30 45 emergence 5 34 35 39 40 epiboly 34 35 47 ET50 17 20 21 22 excess total gas pressure vi 1 20 eyed 11 12 13 fish length 20 21 flow rates vi 1 formalin vi 1 gorbuscha vi 1 hatch 11 12 13 15 34 35 46 47 INCUBATION WIZARD 1 keta vi 1 31 kisutch vi 1 31 32 load rate 17 19 MAWW 5 11 12 13 34 35 47 maximum alevin wet
39. eatment Wizard was designed for Parasite S liquid However the Treatment Chemicals program in Utilities allows it to be used with other chemicals In the following example a circular pond is treated with Chloramine T dry powder Example 12 A circular pond diameter 10 ft depth 2 ft flow 100 LPM is treated with Chloramine T The target concentration is 7 mg L and the treatment duration is 60 minutes If the metering pump runs at 200 mL min find the stock concentration and recipe so that the target concentration is achieved after a 1 hour of treatment Open the Treatment Wizard and enter the input values in Circular Pond scenario 1 This program shows that a stock concentration of 4732 mg L cell D26 is required to achieve the target concentration of 7 mg L However the recipe in the Treatment Wizard is only for Parasite S and is not relevant to other chemicals To find the recipe for Chloramine T the stock concentration is entered in cell D92 Cs 4732 mg L in the Treatment Chemical program Utilities Cells D94 D96 show that to prepare 20 L of stock solution 94 64 grams of Chloramine T must be dissolved in 20 L of water ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding for research to develop models for the addition of Atlantic salmon for the incubation and mechanical shock modules was made possible through collaborative agreements with Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Marine Harvest Stolt Sea Farms and Pan Fish Canada We gratefully acknow
40. eb 5 ATU 966 C days respectively DO at the outflow of the incubator drops to 2 80 mg L at about 910 ATUs However WinSIRP predictions are for a closed system As a general rule re aeration in Heath stacks 8 vertical trays increases the outflow DO by 1 5 to 2 0 mg L when the metabolic demand is high and the inflow DO is near saturation The Heathtray worksheet in Utilities calculates the outflow DO with re aeration To use this program copy Ro 134 91 cell J25 DOIN 9 99 L25 DO out 2 80 M25 DO 90 J5 and the number of trays per stack n 8 into the program The calculated outflow DO with re aeration is 4 58 mg L Even with re aeration the DO is near the critical level Pc so alevins would be affected as incubation progresses This condition could be alleviated by decreasing the number of trays in the stack reducing the total number of eggs at the eyed stage increasing water flow upper limit for a Heath stack is about 18 LPM or by increasing the inflow DO The user can test different scenarios by entering new values in the Incubation Wizard and re running the program For faster changes of weekly temperature flow pH and egg or alevin weight blue cells in the first 4 columns the user can insert new values and the spreadsheet will automatically recalculate all predictions directly on the Incubation Output screen For instance increasing flow at 910 ATU from 15 to 18 L min increases DO by almost 1 0 mg L
41. ectorate Technical Reports Numbers 715 924 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Environment Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports The current series name was changed with report number 925 Technical reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally Requests for individual reports will be filled by the establishment listed on the front cover and title page Out of stock reports will be supplied for a fee by commercial agents Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles mais qui ne sont pas normalement appropri s pour la publication dans un journal scientifique Les rapports techniques sont destin s essentiellement un public international et ils sont distribu s cet chelon Il n y a aucune restriction quant au sujet de fait la s rie refl te la vaste gamme des int r ts et des politiques du minist re des P ches et des Oc ans c est dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques peuvent tre cit s comme des publications compl tes Le titre exact parait au dessus du r sum de chaque rapport Les rapports techniques sont r sum s dans la revue R sum s des sceiences aquatiques et halieutiques et ils sont class s dans l index annual des publication scientifiques et techniques du Minist re Les num ros 1
42. eme limit of the pump s capacity should be avoided The stock volume is determined by the pump rate Enough volume should be prepared so that the treatment can be continuous If the pump operates at 200 mL min for 60 minutes the minimum stock volume is 12 Litres After entering the treatment information click Finish to see program output The final screen summarizes the Input data gives instructions for preparing the stock and shows a plot of pond concentration vs time The treatment dose experienced by the fish is also calculated If the ratio of biomass to flow kg per LPM is high 0 8 or above a warning is displayed for juveniles consider increasing flow or adding oxygen 25 Example 7 Scenario 1 Treat a 10 ft diameter 2 ft deep circular pond with parasite S The water flow is 50 L min biomass is 15 kg and the flushing flow after treatment is also 50 L min The target concentration is 167 ppm and the target exposure time pump duration is 60 min In this case we have the metering pump set to deliver 200 mL min and we want to know the recipe for making up 20 Liters of stock The stock volume depends on how many ponds are being treated that day and the size of the available stock bucket It is best to prepare just enough for one day the default volume is 20 L Using the Treatment Wizard enter pond and input parameters In this Scenario the program calculates the stock concentration so that the target concentration is attaine
43. en et al 2004 can be reported in terms of ATUs Hence the LD50s were modelled against ATUs and have been included in WinSIRP as a separate menu item Mechanical Shock Table Table 9 below shows these predicted values based on the models in Table 10 that follows 43 Table 9 Predicted LD50s drop heights cm causing 50 egg mortality from 0 007 to 230 ATUs C days for 7 salmonid species Minutes Rainbow or Temperature Temp ATUs C Chinook Sockeye Steelhead Atlantic C Salmon Salmon Trout salmon 0 0 0007 0 02 136 2 184 4 91 3 111 7 0 0035 0 08 110 1 153 9 74 9 96 3 0 0069 0 17 98 8 140 7 67 8 89 6 0 004 02 922 1930 6 7 0 0313 0 75 74 3 112 1 52 4 T51 a 106 7 49 5 72 4 93 5 42 4 65 7 80 3 35 3 59 0 03333 6 00 358 1 0000 24 00 46 3 17 0 41 8 33 1 10 0 35 1 25 4 5 8 31 2 20 0 2g 28 4 157 263 L 24 5 I 8 0000 9 0000 10 0000 11 0000 12 0000 18 0000 14 0000 336 00 20160 19 0000 456 00 ane ee l 20 0000 21 0000 22 0000 23 0000 NOTE The coloured cells are are left blank to simplify the transition between the log linear and the parabola models The LD50 predictions with blue background are calculated by the log linear model The LD50 predictions with turquoise background are calculated by the parabola model The LD50 values with the red background are the Minimum LD50 val
44. enario 4 Blomass kg 15 0 Stock Volume L 20 0 Figure 17 Illustration of 2 Treatment Wizard Window menus Circular Ponds Step 1 requires the input of pond parameters enter the pond diameter ft average water depth ft water flow during treatment LPM flushing flow flow following treatment LPM and fish biomass kg Often it is not possible to increase the water flow after the treatment in this case flushing flow is the same as water flow A treatment scenario must be chosen before going to the next screen step 2 Scenario 1 This option describes how to prepare the required chemical stock solution after the injection rate of the metering pump is specified After selecting scenario 1 the next screen asks for the target concentration ppm pump duration min pump rate mL min and required stock volume L The program default settings are for Parasite S in rearing containers the target concentration is 167 ppm and the exposure time is 60 min target dose 167 ppm 60 min 10 020 ppm min For a conservative treatment the pump duration should be no longer than the target exposure time 60 minutes for Parasite S The goal in scenario 1 is to attain the target concentration in the pond at the end of the pump duration The pump rate entered on the screen should reflect the capacity of the particular treatment pump being used rates must be constant over the treatment period Pump rates near the extr
45. ent chemical is delivered by metering pump or constant rate siphon to the inflow water The objective is to expose fish to a target concentration for a specified duration This target dose must be effective against pathogens and must also be safe for the fish The program asks the user to set the target concentration and treatment duration Some standard treatments are given in Appendix 4 Although the targets recommended in this program are safe for typical conditions it is still wise to be on the lookout for toxic effects If conditions are unusual or the treatment chemical is unfamiliar a small group of fish should be tested first These standard treatments are guidelines and should be modified according to experience and site specific information The default settings for the program are for Parasite S with this chemical ppm parts per million is the same as micro litres of pure Parasite S per litre of solution uL L see Utilities Achieving the exact target dose is impossible in a large rearing pond The concentration builds slowly as the treatment chemical is pumped to the pond inflow and gradually decays after the pump is turned off and the chemical is diluted If the pond volume is large in relation to the water flow the dose is difficult to control and the fish can receive a much longer exposure than desired Increasing the flow flushing flow after treatment decreases exposure The program shows this graphically and also calculate
46. entity with pco SO me w ND Figure 2 Part of the Excel menu bar showing the 4 new headings SIRP SIRP Plots SIRP Utilities and SIRP HELP The Incubation and Treatment wizards are convenient ways of entering all the input data required for these programs The user can also change individual values on the output spreadsheets Rearing Load Rate and Pond O2 predict the carrying capacity of a water supply while TGP Model 11 and Model 13 predict the effects of supersaturation on rearing fish The mechanical shock table shows sensitivity of eggs to mechanical shock at various developmental stages Utilities programs are a group of worksheets for assisting with various useful fish culture tasks The SIRP drop down menu shows the individual program components e Run Incubation Wizard e Run Treatment Wizard View Incubation Output Rearing Load Rate Rearing Pond O2 TGP Model 11 TGP Model 13 Mechanical Shock Table The SIRP Plots drop down menu shows the following useful charts Incubation Ammonia Plot Incubation Oxygen Plot Rearing Load Rate Ration Rearing Load Rate Temperature Rearing Pond O2 vs Temperature TGP Model 11 TGP Model 13 The SIRP Utilities drop down menu includes the following sub menu items e Introduction AveWeeklyTempCal HeathTray Barometric Pressure Feed Water OxygenSat Treatment Chemicals TreatCircular RacewayModel RacewaySimulation Finally the SIRP HELP menu has a Read Me s
47. eries Ottawa Canadian Government Publication Centre Publication No Fs 41 31 68E 42 p McLean W E Jensen J O T and Rombough P J 1991 Microcomputer models for salmonid hatcheries American Fisheries Society Symposium 10 516 528 Mclean W E and Lim P 1985 Some Effects of Water Flow Rate and Alevin Density in Vertical Incubation Trays on Early Development of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 1357 46 pgs Murray C B Beacham T D and McPhail J D 1990 Influence of parental stock and incubation temperature on early development of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in British Columbia Can J Zool 68 347 358 Sweeten T Jensen J O T Damon W McLean W E Lawrie J Beile L and Lawrie M 2004 Changes in Mechanical Shock Sensitivity of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Eggs During Incubation 10 pgs In Proceedings of the 55th Annual Northwest Fish Culture Conference Victoria B C Velsen F P J 1987 Temperature and incubation in Pacific salmon and rainbow trout compilation of data on median hatching time mortality and embryonic staging Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci 626 58 p 32 APPENDIX Appendix 1 Incubation models and equation constants 33 vt Table 5 Embryonic development stage equation constants for the 2 models used to predict development time y days in response to average temperature T C Embryonic Stage constants Cen EE
48. iven in Utilities The NH3 mg L is the measured ammonia value at the inflow of the incubator in most water supplies it is usually 0 mg L The program will calculate the ammonia excreted by the eggs or alevins and add it to the inflow to predict the value at the outflow of the incubator The pH value is used to calculate the toxic ammonia i e un ionized ammonia in the outflow water and is measured at the outflow of the incubator Temperature input requires special consideration If the incubation temperature is reasonably constant e g well water 2 C choose constant and enter the average value Click OK to display the incubation output table However if the temperature is variable e g surface water it has to be entered manually To do this click Cancel on the Wizard and go to the worksheet named IncubationInput The average weekly temperature can be entered manually or copied from another Excel spreadsheet Note A worksheet has been added to WinSIRP in the Utilities Programs section that calculates weekly temperatures from daily temperatures After this operation re enter the Wizard and click variable temperature Click OK to see the output table The incubation programs are designed to generate predictions for typical conditions Predictions will be reasonable only if the inputs are within the following limits Table 1 Table 1 Upper and lower limits for the Incubation Wizard data input window Lower Limi
49. lary factors The model requires the user to input TGP 40 water depth meters average daily water temperature oC fish length mm and BP barometric pressure mmHg TGP is usually calculated from TGP 96 BP Delta P BP 100 where Delta P is the excess gas pressure mmHg measured with a tensionometer IN Microsoft Excel WinSIRP File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help SIRP SIRP Plots SIRP HELP D ci Ga Ba m oc fe w 4 7s Courier 2110 E Al z Trial No A B c D E rz G L i L TGP zx Depth m Temp C Fish Length mm BP mmHg ET50 days 3 1 105 00 0 10 10 0 50 0 760 500 00 4 2 110 00 0 10 10 0 50 0 760 136 85 5 3 115 00 0 10 10 0 50 0 760 26 64 6 4 120 00 0 10 10 0 50 0 760 6 65 5 125 00 0 10 10 0 50 0 760 2 02 Figure 14 Model 11 gas supersaturation example The water depth available to the fish is a critical factor because it reduces the impact of TGP longer ET50s If water has a Delta P of 74 mmHg and a fish swims from the surface to a 1 meter depth the gas supersaturation experienced by the fish drops from 74 to 0 mmHg Even if the fish only spends a portion of the day at this depth there is a sparing effect Lower temperature and increased BP have a slight sparing effect on the mortality response to TGP whereas large fish die more quickly than small fish Model 11 predicts ET50 values up to 500 days however inputs must be within the limits shown in Table 3 Tabl
50. ledge all the contributions from the government and industry personnel throughout this study i e from 2003 2006 In particular we acknowledge the contributions of Karin Davis and Joan Bennett for the thorough and accurate embryo and larval dissections size measurements and photo microscopy Their work was instrumental in enabling the mathematical modelling of embryonic development stages growth and respiration 30 REFERENCES Beacham T D and Murray C B 1985 Effect of female size egg size and water temperature on developmental biology of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta from the Nitinat River British Columbia Can J Fish Aquat Sci 42 1755 1765 Beacham T D and Murray C B 1986 Comparative developmental biology of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta from the Fraser river British Columbia Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43 252 262 Beacham T D and Murray C B 1988 Variation in developmental biology of pink salmon Oncorhynchus keta in British Columbia Can J Zool 66 2634 2648 Beacham T D and Murray C B 1989 Variation in developmental biology of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in British Columbia Can J Zool 67 2081 2089 Jensen J O T 2003 New mechanical shock sensitivity units in support of criteria for protection of salmonid eggs from blasting or seismic disturbance Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2452 18 p Jensen J O T and Alderdice D F 19
51. mL min and the required stock volume as in the previous program the default is 20 L The output screen gives the stock concentration and recipe and also calculates the volume and mean residence time for the pond It also displays a message that the target concentration in the downstream portion of the pond may not be achieved and that the Raceway program in Utilities should be consulted for more detail If dispersion is too great the lower half of the pond may have to be treated independently or the treatment time may have to be extended In a long pond it may not be possible to achieve the target at the downstream end The Utilities raceway program is divided into two parts RacewayModel gives the model assumptions while RacewaySimulation predicts concentration profiles for a particular treatment Example 11 A raceway length 150 ft width 10 ft depth 3 5 ft containing 300 kg of fish must be treated with Parasite S If the pond flow is 1200 LPM and the metering pump delivers 250 mL min find the required stock concentration As with circular ponds the recommended target concentration is 167 ppm and the pump time is 60 minutes Enter the Raceway option through the Treatment Wizard at the main menu and input the pond and treatment parameters as step 1 Choose scenario 1 and enter a pump rate of 250 mL min and a stock volume 20 L at step 2 The final screen calculates the required stock concentration of 801 767 ppm
52. mprend une s rie de feuilles de travail qui pr voient le d veloppement embryonnaire en fonction des temp ratures hebdomadaires moyennes de l eau et des r actions m taboliques connexes c est dire consommation d oxyg ne et excr tion d ammoniac ainsi que des modifications de la sensibilit des oeufs aux chocs m caniques et aux temp ratures lev es ou basses Le module sur le traitement porte sur le calcul des concentrations de la solution m re de produit chimique du d bit de la pompe de distribution et du taux d coulement dans le bassin dans le cas du traitement des maladies l aide de formol utilis comme produit chimique par d faut De plus des modules portent sur l levage des saumoneaux smolts c est dire jusqu 50 g sur le calcul de l effet de la surpression des gaz totaux et le module utilitaire compte neuf 9 autres feuilles Le pr sent document a t labor comme guide ou manuel l intention des utilisateurs de la version 2 de WinSIRP mise jour qui peut tre t l charg e partir d Internet http www sci pac dfo mpo gc ca aqua sirp sirp e htm On peut aussi l obtenir en communiquant avec l auteur principal John Jensen dfo mpo gc ca NOTA si l adresse Internet a t chang e faites une recherche sur Internet avec l expression winsirp vii viii INTRODUCTION Predictive models were developed to assist salmonid fish culturists and biologists with a wide range of fish cultu
53. n the WinSIRP menu and enter Delta P 95 mmHg in column D plus appropriate values for BP temperature and salinity Copy these values down the worksheet to row 10 Note that each scenario now has the same TGP To see the effect of different O2 and N2 levels enter O2 values ranging from 11 26 mg L in trial 1 to 20 mg L in trial 10 in steps of 971 As O2 increases from 11 26 to 20 mg L 100 to 177 696 the N2 level decreases from 116 1 96 to 95 5 This happens because the TGP is the same in each row as O2 increases N2 must decrease With the high nitrogen level in row 1 the ET50 is only 17 4 days but by row 10 ET50 increases to 55 8 days This shows that in fish culture a tensionometer reading by itself is not an adequate check of gas supersaturation To construct a graph highlight N2 and ET50 columns I and J and copy them to a separate worksheet use special paste as in example 1 The graph below Fig 16 was constructed using the XY scatter option 22 ET50 vs N2 for TGP 112 5 60 50 1o 30 20 10 0 95 100 105 110 115 120 N2 ET50 days Figure 16 This figure illustrates the adverse effect of increased N2 on time to 50 mortality 23 TREATMENT PROGRAMS Introduction These programs help hatchery workers treat fish in rearing or adult holding ponds They are designed for flow through treatments i e water flow is maintained during the procedure The treatm
54. nd do not have to be changed The output page shows that a pump rate of 634 mL min is required for the first 15 minutes it must then be decreased to 98 mL min for 60 minutes The program also warns that the dose 26 164 ppm min is too high This can be reduced by increasing the flushing flow If the high initial pump rate is beyond the capacity of the metering pumps then increase the stock concentration This can be changed at cell E19 on the output page If the stock concentration is increased to 1 000 000 ppm the initial pump rate is 54 mL min and 60 minute rate is 8 mL min Scenario 4 In this case a strong stock solution is pumped initially to quickly increase the pond concentration to the target level A second weaker stock is then pumped for 60 minutes The same pump rate is used throughout the treatment Depending on the meter pump this option can be simpler to set up than scenario 3 It requires careful labelling of the two stock buckets and also requires that the inlet line of the metering pump be moved from the high stock 1 to the low stock 2 concentration bucket at 15 minutes Example 10 scenario 4 If the metering pump is set to 30 mL min determine the concentrations of stock 1 and 2 so that the target level is achieved in 15 minutes and then held for 60 minutes Using the same pond parameters as in the previous examples choose scenario 4 and go to step 2 Enter the pump rate 30 mL min and make sure that the pump duration
55. nd static treatments used for disease treatment water conditioning disinfection andas anaestlietiCs cierre ttt eater erem E RE ee E RES Ehud 42 Table 9 Predicted LD50s drop heights cm causing 50 egg mortality from 0 007 to 230 ATUs C days for 7 salmonid species eiecit tere emeret eei Pe LR S re PUE eoe e dn edere go 44 Table 10 Model coefficients for mechanical shock sensitivity i e LD50 cm drop height causing 50 egg Mortality eaen E E a a A a aa are aa a e aa aa A 44 Table 11 Minimum LD50s and LD10 velocities both predictors of the most senstive time for mechanical SHOCK SENSILVIEY SEE E EEEE ides ota seovevensentevare te vottaaevossesuevecedanwepseasstuneusieverthncooeds 45 Table 12 Second order polynomial i e y a bx cx model parameters for the 7 salmonid species 45 Table 13 Atlantic salmon embryonic stage model parameters seen 47 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 WinSIRP start up Welcome Window ss 3 Figure 2 Part of the Excel menu bar showing the 4 new headings SIRP SIRP Plots SIRP Utilities and SIRP HELD nen er te te ae A oU IR I Eier tn As shane 3 Figure 3 Incubation Wizard data input window ses 6 Figure 4 This figure shows the upper left hand side of the incubation ouput worksheet 8 Figure 5 This figure shows the right hand side of the incubation output worksheet sss 9 Figure 6 Changes in egg sensitivity
56. nk 390 088759 1209049777 0 843034208 Eyed 3 4 yolk vascularized BLM Velsen1987 50 hatch Pink 9776604608 27231174 188391622 MAWWorfyemergence BLM McLeani99 Sockeye 1062965550 5230163115 28 8548381 Beginning of epiboly and convergence BLM Velsen 1987 Sockeye 1071672210 5 1092889 25 64585479 Yolk plug closed completion of epiboly_ BLM Velsen 1987 Sockeye 1097342643 4801222359 29 07428777 Eyed 3 4 yolk vascularized BLM Velsen 1987 50 hatch BLM Sockeye 34186861 2 3 56109377 24 96801241 MAW or fry emergence McLean 1991 SE Table 5 cont d Embryonic Stage constants Lm e om UR LE TE M ULT Mm NETTE TUE I NN ic NI Steelhead 394695692 1 500516 2941684794 Yolk plug closed completion of epiboly BLM Velsen 1987 Steehead 3228106358 5173971576 2975685594 Eyed 3 4 yok vascularized BLM Velsen 1987 50 hatch Steelhead 92204974 300725581 141975904 MAWW or try emergence BLM McLean 1997 Atlantic Jensen et al 218 6657338 1 353599203 1 645090069 PEE Beginning of epiboly and convergence E 2008 Atlantic Jensen et al salmon 373 8155046 1 302028459 1 966134234 Yolk plug closed completion of epiboly 2008 Atlantic i Jensen et al Salmon 128 0814132 0 683225404 1 173276793 EN Eyed 3 4 yolk vascularized 2008 Atlantic Jensen et al Atlantic Jensen et al salmon 2839 288975
57. nook 10 0 mens e 15 7 00 01 Nov 08 00 0 0 2 10 0 15 7 00 415 10 0 08 Nov 08 7 70 0 Begin Epibol 0 55 2 00 9 99 337 0 25 0 01 0 01 10 0 15 7 00 437 10 0 15 Nov 08 14 140 0 Yolk Plug Closed 1 0 62 242 9 99 3 36 0 27 0 01 0 01 10 0 15 7 00 432 10 0 22 Nov 08 2 210 0 2 00 3 59 9 99 9 89 0 43 0 01 0 02 16 10 0 15 7 00 416 10 0 29 Nov 08 28 280 0 Eyed 456 476 9 99 975 0 78 0 02 0 03 iF 100 15 7 00 400 10 0 06 Dec 08 35 350 0 867 5 92 9 99 353 114 0 02 0 04 18 100 15 7 00 389 10 0 13 Dec 08 42 420 0 14 63 7 07 9 99 9 21 156 0 03 0 06 13 10 0 15 7 00 386 10 0 20 Dec 08 43 430 0 22 79 8 22 9 99 8 78 2 05 0 04 0 08 20 10 0 15 7 00 334 10 0 27 Dec 08 56 560 0 50 Hatch 33 44 4 40 9 99 8 21 2 59 0 05 0 10 21 10 0 15 7 00 413 10 0 03 Jan 03 63 630 0 46 91 4 40 9 99 749 319 0 07 0 13 22 10 0 15 7 00 440 10 0 10 Jan 09 70 700 0 63 49 440 9 99 6 61 3 84 0 08 017 23 100 15 7 00 473 10 0 17 Jan 09 77 770 0 83 49 440 9 99 554 454 on 0 21 24 100 15 7 00 510 10 0 24 Jan 09 84 840 0 107 20 4 40 9 99 4 28 5 29 0 14 0 27 25 10 0 15 7 00 546 10 0 31 Jan 03 si 310 0 134 91 440 9 99 2 80 6 08 0 18 0 33 26 100 15 7 00 575 10 0 07 Feb 09 38 380 0 MAWNW 166 92 440 9 99 108 6 91 021 0 38 Figure 7 Incubation output table illustrating extremely low DO OUT levels at 2910 ATUs The above output Table Fig 7 predicts that the eyed hatch and MAWW stages occur on Nov 25 ATU 249 Dec 23 ATU 526 and F
58. nual Microsoft Windows based salmonid incubation and rearing programs designed for Microsoft Excel Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2839 vii 49p WinSIRP version 2 0 is an updated package of predictive models developed to assist salmonid fish culturists and biologists with a wide range of fish culture problems These models focus on incubation rearing excess total gas pressure treatment dosage calculations and other useful utilities modules The species modelled for the incubation portion are chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha chum O keta coho O kisutch pink O gorbuscha sockeye O nerka steelhead or rainbow trout O mykiss and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar For ease of use program modules have been incorporated into specially designed Microsoft Excel worksheets The Incubation module consists of a series of worksheets that predict embryonic development in response to weekly mean water temperatures and associated metabolic responses i e oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion along with changes in egg sensitivity to mechanical shock and to high and low temperatures The Treatment Module calculates chemical stock concentrations dispensing pump flow rates and pond flow rates for fish disease treatments with formalin used as the default chemical In addition there are Modules on smolt rearing i e up to 50 gm calculating the effect of excess total gas pressure and 9 more worksheets in the Utilities
59. on Weight g 0 5 50 BP mmHg 600 800 Inflow DO 50 200 Load Rate kg per LPM 0 4 Pond O2 predicts the average daily oxygen consumption rate Ro mg of oxygen consumed per kg of fish per hour in column L This value determines the average daily DO concentration mg L at the pond outflow column N In large scale fish culture Ro varies during a 24 hour period so the outflow DO is actually less than column N for many hours per day To take this variation into account a safe Ro or maximum daily Ro is calculated column M This gives the daily minimum DO level experienced by the fish column O It should be emphasized that SafeRo and Lowest O2 are statistical in nature i e they are accurate most of the time 84 Ro varies so much in production facilities eg during pond disturbances that these values will be exceeded some of the time The program also predicts the maximum ration discussed above and the water vapour pressure mmHg This is used in the calculation of the inflow DO in mg L column J 18 In Federal Rearing operations in B C the minimum allowable DO at the pond outflow is based on criteria developed by Davis 1975 typically above 6 mg L Minimum concentrations for different temperatures and degrees of protection are presented in Utilities Load Rate Load Rate is based on the same Ro models as Pond O2 and has the same limitations The only new input is the dissolved oxygen concentration at the pond outfl
60. ore detail regarding this model is presented in the Utilities worksheet PinkEmerge ATU to 50 Emergence for Pink salmon 1300 1200 1100 1000 ATU to 50 900 800 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 9 00 Avg Temp C Figure 22 Predicted ATUs to 50 96 emergence and observed points for pink fry in gravel box incubators on surface water see Utilites for more detail 40 In the variable temperature model eggs are fertilized in early fall at above 10 C develop through the winter at much lower temperatures and migrate as fry in early spring at 6 to 8 C A typical temperature regime is shown in Figure 23 Puntledge 1999 Brood Temp Regime o o E o a gt El a o o Le o 2 lt 17 Sep 99 6 Nov 99 26 De c 99 14 Feb 00 4 Apr 00 Date Figure 23 Typical surface water temperature regime Puntledge Hatchery 1999 brood 41 Appendix 4 Some standard treatments for fish culture In large scale fish culture flow through treatments are sometimes preferable to static bath treatments In the flow through case the therapeutant is mixed with the pond inflow water which then carries the chemical to the fish Water flow is maintained during the treatment supplying the fish with oxygen and flushing away metabolites Static treatments are simpler conceptually but are often difficult or impossible to carry out in practise Sometimes a treatment bath is prepared in a containe
61. ow The program calculates the maximum load rate kg of fish per LPM to satisfy this specified DO level Examples using Pond O2 and Load Rate Example 3 Predict the outflow DO for a pond containing 100 000 1 gram fish biomass 100 kg The flow rate is 200 LPM and 2 22 kg of food 10 moisture 90 dry is fed per day Assume the following inputs inflow DO 95 saturated average daily water temperature 12 C and BP 760 mmHg sea level Choose Rearing Pond O2 in the main menu and enter the temperature and fish weight l g Calculate daily ration as the percentage dry food to biomass and enter this value in column C in this example the dry food per day is 0 9 2 22 kg d 2 0 kg d and so the ration is 2 0 kg d 100 kg 10096 2 0 day The Load Rate is 100 kg 200 LPM 0 5 kg per LPM Note that BP and Inflow 760 mmHg and 95 are the same as the default values and so do not have to be re entered The program predicts that the average daily outflow DO is 7 5 mg L and that the minimum DO during a day is 6 4 mg L To see how an increase in fish weight from 1 to 2 g affects DO copy and paste the input values blue cells from Trial 1 to Trial 2 and change the fish weight in Trial 2 to 2 grams If the pond flow and the number of fish are unchanged the load rate in Trial 2 is 200 kg 200 LPM 1 kg per LPM With the Ration the same as in Trial 1 2 d the average daily DO and minimum daily DO are 4 9 and 2 6 mg L respectively
62. r and fish are moved in for a specific exposure period The handling stress often eliminates any benefit of the treatment Static treatments are sometimes performed in rearing ponds by simply turning off the flow and attempting to quickly mix the treatment chemical into the entire pond volume In large ponds this usually produces localized hot spots and is very stressful to the fish If the exposure time is longer than a few minutes oxygen has to be added and distributed over the pond volume to prevent suffocation Some common flow through and static treatments are listed below Table 8 They are used for a variety of purposes in fish culture e g disease treatment water conditioning disinfection and as anesthetics A more complete list of recommended treatments is given in Hoskins et al 1983 Before any treatment is started please contact a vet or fish health specialist for the recommended treatment and dose Some of these treatments require an Emergency Drug Release permit from the Bureau of Veterinary Drugs Depending on the local conditions some may require effluent treatment or neutralization Table 8 Common flow through and static treatments used for disease treatment water conditioning disinfection and as anaesthetics Treatment Target Purpose in Fish Culture min Parasite S rearing 60 Fungus external parasites rearing Parasite S incubation 15 Fungus control eggs Malachite Green 60 Fungus external parasites
63. re problems by McLean et al 1991 The species modelled were chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha chum O keta coho O kisutch pink O gorbuscha sockeye O nerka steelhead or rainbow trout O mykiss These models focussed on incubation dissolved oxygen during rearing and excess total gas pressure and they were incorporated into a package of computer programs for PC compatible computers titled SIRP i e Salmonid Incubation and Rearing Programs that was easy to use Jensen et al 1992 The programs now called WinSIRP were updated to run in Microsoft Windows using Microsoft Excel amp Jensen et al 2002 with additional features in the incubation programs including ammonia excretion rates changes in mechanical shock egg sensitivity and temperature warnings A new species namely Atlantic salmon Salmo salar has since been added to the incubation module Finally a series of utility worksheets have been added that assist with several practical calculations for fish culture This paper is designed as a user guide or manual for the updated WinSIRP version 2 0 computer program package which can be obtained by downloading from the following X internet site http www sci pac dfo mpo gc ca aqua sirp sirp e htm or by contacting the primary author John Jensen dfo mpo gc ca NOTE if the internet web address has changed try searching the internet for the word winsirp The programs have been reorganized from their
64. rom fish weight and temperature e calculate the oxygen saturation of a water supply given the dissolved oxygen DO concentration mg L and temperature and present DO criteria for salmonids e show how to adapt the program to other chemicals present the equations used in WinSIRP to predict treatment concentration duration and dose in mixed flow ponds e g circulars Burrows and raceways Program Description As mentioned above the re written SIRP program is now referred to as WinSIRP Jensen et al 2002 For maximum flexibility and for ease of use WinSIRP was written in Microsoft Excel This spreadsheet is widely used and familiar to most fish culturists All the usual Excel commands copy paste sort plot etc can be used in WinSIRP thereby eliminating the need for a detailed operating manual The present manual assumes knowledge of Excel and focuses on fish culture applications and the interpretation of predicted values The program has now been expanded The Incubation component includes Atlantic salmon See Appendices 1 5 and 6 for models used for this species and now predicts the ammonia concentration in incubators and the effects of mechanical shock at various developmental stages In addition sections on treatment mechanical shock sensitivity and utilities a group of worksheets for assisting with various useful fish culture tasks have been added To obtain more detailed information about the development of the predi
65. s the actual dose experienced by the fish The program considers two idealized pond types mixed flow and plug flow In mixed flow the water circulates so a treatment chemical is quickly mixed into the water volume In plug flow the chemical flows as a plug from inflow to outflow with little longitudinal dispersion Real ponds usually fall somewhere between these two ideal types In most cases raceways are closer to plug flow while circular and Burrows ponds are more like the mixed flow containers Concentration profiles for circular ponds are derived from simple dilution models These models and the equations used to calculate dose concentration ppm duration hr are presented in Utilities Concentration profiles for raceways are based on a simple model of longitudinal dispersion and field tests see Utilities Description of Treatment Programs The program can only be accessed through the Treatment Wizard in the WinSirp menu After choosing container type circular or raceway the user is asked for a number of inputs see Fig 17 24 Treatment Wizard Treatment Wizard Step 1 Pond Parameters Step 2 Scenario Input Parameters Container Type E Pond Parameters Circular Pond Scenario 1 i 10 0 Diameter ft Scenario 1 Target Concentration ppm 167 0 Depth ft 2 0 C Scenario 2 Pump Duration min 60 0 Water Flow Limin soo Scenario 3 Pump Rate mL min 200 0 Flushing Flow Limin 200 0 Sc
66. st focussing on early developmental intervals when rapid changes in sensitivity take place and then on a daily basis until eggs become resistant to shock The default temperature is set at 10 C but can be changed to match specific incubation conditions this changes the ATU values accordingly The velocity at the moment of impact has also been quantified for 1096 egg mortality and is reported as LD10 velocities cm s Jensen 2003 Sweeten et al 2004 Drop height h cm is related to velocity v cm s by the formula h v 1960 For example an egg dropped from a height of 30 cm 1 ft has a velocity on impact of 243 cm sec The times to minimum LD50s and LD10 velocities i e the most sensitive time are reported in ATUS for all 7 species for convenience These values are not identical for all species since the response slopes i e log probit plots for determining LD50s and LD10s are different for each species Also the statistical power for LD50 50 population response is much greater than LD10 10 96 population response 10 LD50s versus ATUs 250 25 0 200 20 0 150 T 15 0 100 LD50 cm amp Time ATUS 10 0 Temperature C amp Time days 50 5 0 0 1 0 50 po a a a 49d 141499 0 0i 0 0 4 OG 0000 0 1 m1 0 2 tod OS po rsr fo eel dd 0 001 0 010 0 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 1000 000 ATUs C days 9 Chinook Salmon
67. t Upper Limit Number of eggs 1 10 000 000 Egg weight 30 default 30 default Temperature 1 25 DO 25 200 BP mmHg 650 850 PH 5 9 NH mg L 0 10 Flow LPM 0 1 Depends on incubator entering 0 will cause error in most cases Incubation output Program output is displayed in the worksheet named IncubationOutput Input values blue cells can be changed at any time and the spreadsheet will re calculate automatically Thus new scenarios can be generated without re entering the Wizard Predicted values are displayed in red cells and are locked The upper left part of the worksheet is shown in Fig 4 i e columns A to J and includes the following information The precise number of days and ATUs accumulated temperature units or C days to reach important developmental stages are summarized in the Output Table at the top of the worksheet with the inputs displayed to the right Weekly output is displayed near the bottom of the figure ATUS at the end of each week are calculated followed by developmental stages occurring within that week as well as the oxygen consumption rate Ro mg per 1000 eggs per hour BE File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help SIRP SIRPPlots SIRP Utilities SIRP HELP Output Table Chinook 01 Nov 08 01 Nov 08 Fertilization 06 Nov 08 Begin Epiboly 14 Nov 08 Yolk Plug Closed 25 Nov 08 Eyed 23 Dec 08 50 Hatch 05 Feb 09 MAWW Species Chinook 12 15 7 00 01 Nov 08 0
68. tive research with Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Marine Harvest Ltd The models are as follows 1 Incubation development stages 1 to 5 utilized in the in the incubation wizard 2 Ro oxygen uptake models 1 Incubation development stages 1 to 5 The following model equation parameters Table 13 for 5 key development stages for Atlantic salmon have been produced after 2 years of collaborative research between DFO Stolt Sea Farms and Pan Fish Canada Jensen et al 2004 The eggs came from the MOWI and Cascade stocks maintained at the Glacier Bay broodstock site in Jervis Inlet for the 2 brood years 2002 and 2003 Table 13 Atlantic salmon embryonic stage model parameters Stage 1 WinSIRP beginning of epiboly Parameters a 218 6657338 b 1 353599203 C 1 645090069 r 0 999512414 Stage 2 WinSIRP yolk plug closure Parameters 373 8155046 1 302028459 1 966134234 0 995764667 Stage 3 WinSIRP Eyed Parameters 128 0814132 0 683225404 1 173276793 0 994609787 Stage 4 WinSIRP 50 hatch Parameters a 11248 32224 b 2 019841837 C 5 394375865 r 0 995694482 Stage 5 WinSIRP Parameters MAWW Emergence Ponding a 2839 288975 b 1 416333719 C 2 781366584 0 998059381 2003 2004 modelled MAWW for 3 to 11 C BLM a b c y a X c MAWW time post fertilization d 47 2 Ro oxygen uptake models Ro mg 1000 h for Atlantic salmon embryos modelled as a function of accumulated temperature units ATU and ambient temperature T for on
69. to make 20 L mix 16 04 L of Parasite S with 3 96 L of water or measure 16 04 L of Parasite S and make up to 20 L with water The program warns about under treatment and directs the user to Utilities 29 In Utilities enter the pond parameters into RacewaySimulation copy and paste can be used Also enter manually or copy and special paste the stock concentration Cs 801 767 ppm to cell C17 The program automatically displays concentration profile graphs for halfway down the pond 75 ft from inlet and at the pond outlet 150 ft Also there is a summary table below each graph giving the peak concentration Cp dose ppm min and the number of minutes that the concentration was near the target gt 90 of target ppm In this example the target concentration of 167 ppm was reached at the halfway point but not at the pond outlet Cp 162 ppm The concentration was greater than 150 ppm 90 of target for 38 and 24 minutes at the halfway point and outlet respectively Dose 10 022 ppm min was the same at both sites If the treatment time cell C10 is increased from 60 to 100 minutes the target is maintained for 60 minutes at the outlet however the dose increases to 16 703 ppm min Also with a treatment time of 100 minutes the fish at the upstream end of the pond are over treated In large scale fish culture it is usually impossible to achieve the recommended targets for the entire population and a compromise must be chosen The Tr
70. tration that can be tolerated by the eggs or alevins values below Pc cause a drop in their respiration rate Ro DO concentrations below Pc are too low for incubation The DO at the outflow of the incubator DO OUT is the minimum value encountered by the eggs and should always be greater than Pc This predicted value assumes that there is no re aeration within the incubator In Heath incubators water picks up oxygen as it falls from tray to tray and so is greater than DO Out To calculate the effect of Heath stack re aeration see Utilities Heath Tray Ammonia excretion rates are predicted in units of ug of ammonia nitrogen per gram of biomass per hour The ammonia concentration at the outflow is the sum of excreted ammonia and the background concentration of the water supply Ammonia dissolves in water to form ionized NH4 and un ionized NH3 ammonia Un ionized ammonia is calculated from the total ammonia temperature and pH and is expressed in units of ug L micrograms per liter The un ionized form is toxic above 10 ug L The last 2 columns Q amp R give warnings about mechanical shock sensitivity and temperature effects respectively Sensitivity to shock is covered in much more detail in a separate worksheet known as the Mechanical Shock Table 2 00 1 26 11 23 0 25 0 01 0 01 Extremely Sensitive LC50 10cm mortality lt 20 2 42 1 26 11 22 0 27 0 01 0 01 Extremely Sensitive LC50 lt 10cm mortality lt 20 3 59 1
71. ub menu with a brief introduction and PDF versions of reports with additional detailed descriptions of data modelling and an About WinSIRP sub menu stating the current version date and contact information INCUBATION PROGRAMS Description of incubation programs The theory and model development for the incubation program modules is described in detail in McLean et al 1991 Every module for each of the 7 species has similar mathematical relationships see Appendix 1 for a listing of models and equation constants Therefore each module has the same required inputs After entering species fertilization date and other required input data at the Incubation Wizard the program calculates when the following events occur Epiboly i e yolk overgrowth begins Yolk plug closure is completed yolk enclosed in cellular envelope Eyed fully pigmented yolk sac 4 vascularized head free from yolk and mouth open cerebral hemispheres forming Hatch 50 of the eggs have hatched Maximum alevin wet weight achieved MAWW emergence from the gravel or optimum ponding time for initial feeding MAWW for Oncorhynchus species is predicted from lab generated data obtained from several sources McLean et al 1991 Atlantic salmon data were obtained from Jensen et al 2004 and Jensen unpublished data It has been found that although the time to MAWW is predicted fairly well experimental trials at several hatcheries suggest that chinook fry inc
72. ubated in Heath trays should be ponded slightly earlier than MAWW for optimum survival and that recently Atlantic salmon fry in the BC salmon farming industry are routinely ponded much earlier than the predicted MAWW values Also it has been observed that emergence of pink fry from gravel boxes is often later than predicted by the MAWW model Appendix 3 For example low temperatures in late winter delay migration Therefore fish culturists should conduct tests to determine a correction factor that relates to the predicted MAWW values calculated by WinSIRP to ensure optimum ponding times for best survival and growth In addition to development times the Incubation model predicts environmental conditions every week over the incubation period As eggs develop oxygen consumption and ammonia production rates increase and water quality in the incubators deteriorates The program predicts oxygen and ammonia concentrations and suggests safe levels i e predicts critical dissolved oxygen levels Pc below which compensatory respiration occurs It also warns of temperature extremes and predicts how sensitive the eggs are to mechanical shock handling at a given stage of development Incubation wizard The Wizard asks for input data and also suggests typical default values The user must specify species date of fertilization number of eggs in the incubator initial egg weight mg DO BP mmHg pH NH3 mg L Flow LPM and Temperature C E
73. ues occurring to the nearest 10 ATUs Table 10 Model coefficients for mechanical shock sensitivity i e LD50 cm drop height causing 50 egg mortality ime period Species Model type Model coefficients modelled u a b c Chinook yam 894382 22006 o y a bx ox um ae 56 8127 Os L 5 4 Cono asp 36 9368 ones 0 50 16 5886024 y a bx 0x Pin Cab SE 0 00 18 Gross y a bx cx Sockeye yanm 99 041 mes 00 16 0 700068 Steslhead y axbim 405516 meme L 04 564983 Atlantic salmon y asbinx 863 9363 96211 0 00 16 Cuve In addition new units of egg sensitivity called LC10 Velocity i e the final velocity cm sec reached when eggs are dropped causing 10 mortality have also been developed to help in determining the potential hazards of seismic shock Jensen 2003 Sweeten et al 2004 Therefore for those that require the development time ATUs to maximum egg sensitivity in relation to drop height and seismic disturbance an 44 additional table Table 11 has been included in the WinSIRP Mechanical Shock Table module that shows Minimum LDS50s and LD10 velocities Table 11 Minimum LD50s and LD10 velocities both predictors of the most senstive time for mechanical shock sensitivity Minimum Minimum LD50 LD10 Velocity Species cm ATUS C days Species
74. utomatically calculates ET50 red cell Copy and paste these input variables in the blue cells from trial 1 to 10 ET50 is protected and cannot be copied To see the effect of water depth enter a range of values from 0 m at trial 1 to 2 28 m at trial 10 in steps of 0 2533 The program calculates ET50s ranging from 7 33 days at 0 m to 500 days safe at 2 28 m To graph the relationship between depth and ET50 the sheet must be unprotected from tools menu Depth and ET50 columns can then be graphed in the current worksheet They can also be copied to a separate workbook and graphed To special paste ET50 values to a new worksheet choose as Excel data when prompted for the type of data The graph shown below Fig 15 was constructed from data copied to a separate workbook 21 ET50 days vs Depth m 250 200 100 so ET50 days 0 0 5 1 1 5 2 Water Depth m Figure 15 This figure illustrates the sparing effect of depth compensation i e 50 days to 5096 mortality at 1 meter compared to greater than 200 days to 50 mortality at 1 75 meters Example 6 TGP is more harmful to fish if it is caused by N2 as opposed to O2 gas Illustrate this by constructing a graph relating ET50 and N2 96 when the total excess pressure Delta P is 95 mmHg Assume that the water supply consists of natural fresh water open to the atmosphere and that BP 760 mmHg and temperature 10 C Click on TGP model 13 i
75. weight 11 mechanical shock vi 1 2 4 5 9 10 11 30 31 36 43 44 45 metabolic vi 1 metabolism 43 45 INDEX models vi 1 2 5 10 19 24 30 32 33 43 46 47 48 mortality 1 10 11 14 17 20 22 23 32 36 43 44 45 46 mykiss vi 1 nerka vi 1 31 NH 5 6 7 8 43 Oncorhynchus vi 1 5 31 32 45 oxygen vi 1 2 5 6 7 8 11 15 16 17 18 19 21 25 38 42 43 47 48 pink vi 1 5 31 36 37 40 pond vi 1 17 18 19 24 25 26 27 28 29 38 42 ponding 5 13 rainbow trout vi 1 32 ration 1 2 17 18 19 38 re aeration 1 6 8 13 15 38 rearing vi 1 4 17 24 25 31 42 REARING 1 17 Ro 7 8 16 17 18 19 37 43 47 48 salar vi 1 31 45 salmon vi 1 2 5 30 31 32 35 36 37 43 45 46 47 48 saturation 2 6 11 17 20 38 sockeye vi 1 31 36 37 species vi 1 2 5 6 10 11 31 43 44 45 46 steelhead vi 1 31 36 37 temperatures vi 1 5 7 13 14 16 19 32 38 41 45 46 48 TGP 1 4 17 20 21 22 treatment dosage calculations vi TREATMENT WIZARD 1 treatments vi 1 24 28 42 tshawytscha vi 1 31 32 utilities vi 2 Utilities vi 3 4 6 7 8 11 17 19 24 38 40 UTILITIES 1 yolk plug closure 47 49
76. ygen consumption rates ener nnen nennen trennen innen enne E EPEE ESEE 43 3 Mechanical Shock Sensitivity of eggs ses 43 4 Egg Mortality at High and Low Temperatures eene nennen 45 Appendix 6 New Models used for Atlantic salmon rennen 47 1 Incubation development stages 1 to 5 inner 47 2 Ro oxygen uptake models ss 48 INDEX nose gue PU PURPUREIS ptu ut 49 lii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Upper and lower limits for the Incubation Wizard data input window 7 Table 2 Pond O2 lower and upper data input limits eese rennen 18 Table 3 Input data limits for TGP Model 11 ener enne 20 Table 4 Input data limits for TGP Model 13 inner 21 Table 5 Embryonic development stage equation constants for the 2 models used to predict development time y days in response to average temperature T C ss 34 Table 6 Model coefficients for mechanical shock and temperature warnings polynomial model y a bx cx For the mechanical shock model y LD50 cm and x ATU C days For the temperature warnings yzLD50 egg mortality and x temperature C 36 Table 7 Model coefficients for standardized changes in egg to alevin total weight based on egg and alevin weight changes observed by Mclean and Lim 1985 These predicted egg or alevin weights are only approximate estimates and are used for Ro and ammonia calculations see Appendix 5 37 Table 8 Common flow through a
77. zed ammonia concentration at the outflow of the bulk incubator one week after the eyed stage i e 28 days or 408 1 ATUs post fertilization is 10 23 ug L and the DO is 7 66 mg L These values are acceptable at the eyed stage however conditions become detrimental as the eggs approach hatch i e DoOut is less than Pc on Dec 27 13 Also a temperature warning appears in Column R because of the high temperatures during the first 2 weeks of incubation Chinook Wizard Inputs 01 Nov 08 00000 Manual Temperature Input 0 0 0 0 i ti 121 4 Begin Epiboly 0 91 2 00 8 97 8 81 0 32 0 42 13 31 14 234 5 Yolk Plug Closed 4 37 6 78 9 18 8 45 0 76 0 45 13 18 21 328 3 Eyed 9 57 722 9 75 8 16 1 21 0 48 11 36 28 408 1 15 29 7 58 10 21 7 66 1 60 0 50 10 23 35 478 1 21 23 8 02 10 55 7 01 1 96 0 53 9 59 42 543 9 5096 Hatch 28 97 440 10 70 5 87 2 37 0 55 9 66 49 604 8 36 46 4 40 10 89 4 81 2 73 0 58 9 63 56 657 3 40 12 4 40 11 21 4 52 2 90 0 60 9 07 63 713 3 54 01 4 40 11 07 2 07 3 48 0 66 10 28 70 776 3 77 19 4 40 10 81 0 00 4 33 0 74 12 95 V 839 3 96 58 4 40 10 81 0 00 4 96 0 82 18 87 84 909 3 134 61 4 40 10 55 0 00 6 07 0 95 17 36 91 9793 MAMA 166 58 4 40 10 55 0 00 6 90 1 06 19 35 Figure 9 Part of the Incubation output worksheet for example 2 After moving the eggs to Heath trays conditions are acceptable until the last two weeks of incubation ammonia is over 10 ug L and DO drops below the criti

WinSIRP Version 2.0 User Manual: Microsoft Windows®

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WinSIRP Version 2.0 User Manual: Microsoft Windows®