User Guide
Contents
1. time 4 1 9 MPI_Send const sendbuf int target int tag This function is used for sending text messages between processes The idea with sending the address of the String as in the broadcast function is used here The other two arguments define the identity of the specific receiver and an extra number which serves as an information tag to the receiver The different types implemented are int double matrix string and array As with the broadcast function you have to update the dll file if you need to send another type of message decl message 12 the number to be sent MPI_Send amp message 1 25 assumes MPI_Init etc sends mess to process number 1 with the tag info 25 4 1 10 MPI_Recv const receivebuf int source int tag This function is almost the same as the send function The only difference is that it receives the message instead and that means that you have to know the source id instead of target id The tag is used to select the desired message decl message 0 the yet unknown number to be received MPI_Recv amp message 0 25 assumes MPI_Init etc receives mess from process number 0 with the tag info 25 4 1 11 MPI_Probe int source int tag This function is used to probe the MPI world for messages It is practical to you when you want to check when there is a message out there for you and if it is you can use the MPI Recv function to receive the message Th2. email to the project group and maybe someone of us have time to help you 36
3. 10 Output E No color output E No mpi just execute multiple processes E Don t clear output on Run E Always prompt for password E Redirect output to file E Use configuration file E Slave process E Environment varl vall lvar2 val2 var3 val3 pe Working directory drive mp working directory pa o E Drive mappings drive host share drive oo Advanced Options Any hosts Hosts Figure 3 4 Enter path in advanced options window The next step is to enter the advanced options and enter the path to your ox files in the working directory field Here you can also select the output to be redirected to a file instead of just being printed on the screen 28 5E SIAJ Egi Edil view Hoin Application C Program Files Ox bin oxl exe example ox le D Number of processes jo 4 Run Break Sutput E Any hosts S Ready sending Message recieved from 4 processes processed k i Hosts reset Message recieved from 5 processes processed k v 9 Ready sending Message recieved from 1 processes processed k Message recieved from 9 processes processed k armada 6 Ready sending Message recieved from 6 processes processed k 8 Ready sending 7 Ready sending Message recieved from 8 processes processed k Message recieved from 7 processes processed k 2 Ready sending Message recieved from 2 processes processed k 9 3138 5 2864 1
4. 2785 0 3146 6 3793 4 3644 3 3118 5 2436 5 Mean value 3139 5 9 Ready sending 3 Ready sending 8 Ready sending 4 Ready sending 7 Ready sending 1 Ready sending S Ready sending 6 Ready sending Figure 3 5 Running processes When all settings are done just select how many processes you want to run and on which computers you want the computation to run then press the Run button All output from all slave computers will then be redirected into the output field By default they are color coded in order of process rank If the computation needs to be aborted just press the Break and all processes will die on the slave computers 3 5 File copy guide by using the mpd console This guide is a step by step instruction on how to distribute files to client computers with the MPICH system and the mpd console The two commands used are 29 fileinit account x password x Description This command is the first command that must be issued before the other commands can be used File operations are done under the security context of this user If the password option is omitted you will be prompted to input the password Return values nothing putfile local fullfilename remote fullfilename replace yes no createdir yes no Description This command copies the file described by the local option to the location described by the remote option Both the local and remote o
5. a lot easier if you choose the same path on all installations but it is possible to have different paths When the Ox environment is installed on all computers it is time to move forward to the ParaDiOx installation There are two main differences between the installation files for ParaDiOx the Master installation and the Slave installation The computer you will use as you working environment i e the computer where you will distribute your calculations from will need to have a Master installation On the other hand all the rest of the computers which only will perform calculations and return the corresponding results will need to have a Slave installation Please read the nstalling ParaDiOx chapter for further instructions on that area Now when the installation is finished it is time to get on with the Ox programming In this manual we will only cover a small example of Ox code because a full description of the Ox environment would require an entire manual So if want further information about programming in Ox we recommend you to read the Ox manual 3 2 1 Programming in Ox The problem we are going to exemplify is the following figure 3 1 A master computer is going to calculate an equation using a parallel algorithm It sends a part of the calculation the red message to the first slave and when the slave has finished his calculation the master will receive the answer from it Similar messages are sent to the 14 other slave
6. computers which in turn will process their calculations at the same time The answers are then post processed by the master This will enhance the calculation time but in this trivial case the network communication will eat up all time we have won in enhanced calculation performance 4 gt k 4 27 256 287 a eee Workstation Slave Workstation Slave Workstation Slave 242 4 3 3 27 444 256 Figure 3 1 A trivial calculation example We now need to create an ox file The simplest way if doing this is to open Notepad select Save as in the menu and then select a directory where the file should be placed e g c temp Then in the file type scrollbar select all files Then choose a name for the file you want to create followed by ox in this case we will call it helloworld ox Finally select Save Now we can start programming our example You can also do this in Notepad but of course you may use any text editor In the beginning of the ox file you specify files that should be included in the Ox program pretty much like C or C or even Java if you have experience from those programming language This specification is typed as following include lt oxstd h gt 15 In this case the included file is a standard Ox library with methods that may be used in the programming code Next we will declare some methods that are used for the communication with ParaDiOx MPICH extern
7. it is an easy way of knowing the upper limit of the loop sequence decl i j i MPI_Comm_Size assuming MPI_Init etc for j 0 J lt i jtt do stuff here 4 1 3 MPI_Comm_Rank This function returns an integer which is the unique number rank of the calling process It can be used to find out whether the running process is running as root or as a slave if you use that kind of hierarchy decl myId myId MPI_Comm_Rank assuming MPI_Init etc if myId 0 do master stuff else do non master stuff 4 1 4 MPI_Get_processor_name String name This function is used for finding out what name the processor has Since a String is involved one cannot use the same return methodology as with integers since the c language does not support that Instead you need to have the address to the name as an argument This way the function in the dll file will receive that address and then do what needs to be done and then stores the name on that address This way the value of the String used as an argument has been changed into the processor name g g g 32 decl processor_name MPI_Get_Processor_name amp processor_name assuming MPI_Init etc print processor_name Ox will print the processor name fetched via MPI 4 1 5 MPI_Bcast const message int root This function is used for sending a message to all processes hence the name broadcast The message is sent using the same technique as the M
8. ox2mpich Init MPI_Init extern ox2mpich Comm_size MPI_Comm_size extern ox2mpich Comm_rank MPI_Comm_rank extern ox2mpich Get_processor_name MPI_Get_processor_name tmp extern ox2mpich Bcast MPI_Bcast const message const root extern ox2mpich Reduce MPI_Reduce const SENDBUF const RECVBUF const OP const ROOT extern ox2mpich Finalize MPI_Finalize extern ox2mpich Wtime MPI_Wtime extern ox2mpich Send MPI_Send const SENDBUF const target const tag extern ox2mpich Recv MPI_Recv const SENDBUF const source const tag extern ox2mpich Probe MPI_Probe const source const tag extern ox2mpich Iprobe MPI_Iprobe const source const tag const flag All these methods that we have declared here may now be used in the code These methods are specified in detail later on in chapter 5 Continuing with the programming we need to start thinking of the logic of the program As all runable Ox program they all need a main procedure which will be executed main program logic here These simple lines of code will do it and we can start coding between the brackets The first order of business is to initialize and finalize the MPI connection All Ox programs which are going to communicate via ParaDiOx will need this kind of start and end declaration main MPI_Init program logic here including mpi messaging MPI_Finalize 16 In Ox you declare
9. 5 File copy guide by using the mpd Consoles ocescscscescvisassadsatdenccicesseeassastaansronsates 29 4 Creating an Ox program with MPI support ceccesccesseeeceeseceeececeeeeceseeseeeeeeaes 31 4l Function referenten n mance incurs E thd spond een aneyaeddedastons E a aR 31 g MPITO aa a a a a a 31 412 MPIL COmMmM Siere ae a a Ea a E a E a a N ENRE 32 AAS WIP Comic Rank eienen E EAE EAE O eames 32 4 1 4 MPI Get processor_name String name eeesssssesssseesessesseessseesesrese 32 4 1 5 MPI Bcast const message int root ssseesssseesesseesessessessesseeseseeesessees 33 4 1 6 MPI Reduce String sendbuf String receivebuf String operation int root 34 4 1 7 MPI Pe AC ect yasdroterata a isda e A E E A sameness 34 4 18 WERT WVU cone aae a E a TA a a ER 34 4 1 9 MPI Send const sendbuf int target int tag sssseesssseesseseesresseseseseee 35 4 1 10 MPI Recv const receivebuf int source int tag s sseseessssseseesseseesessee 35 4 1 11 MPI Probe int source int tag esesssessssseseeseeseesresresessresessteseeseeseesresees 35 4 1 12 MPI Iprobe int source int tag int flag ssessesssseeesseesssseseesseseessesee 36 Die S pp rt and S CV IGS oP esiri a a a E aa eranen a aaeeea a aE 36 1 Welcome to ParaDiOx ParaDiOx is an application built to help mathematicians in their daily work of solving big problems using Ox By collaborating with other mathematicians and use their
10. PI_Get_Processor_name function the address to the String is sent as an argument In addition to this an integer is sent as an argument This number should be used as the sender s Id number which was received by the MPI Comm Rank function above The idea is that each process sender or receiver uses the same function If the specified integer is the same as the actual process then the process sends the broadcast message If on the other hand the specified integer is not the same as the calling process it will instead fetch the broadcasted message and thus receiving it The message can be of different types We have implemented the following int double matrix String and Array In all cases all you have to do is to send the address to the declared variable If other types are needed to be sent that type needs to be defined in the sending function in the dll file assuming same myId declaration from example code abov decl message if myId 0 message 1234 defines the sending message as that integer MPI_Bcast amp message 0 assuming MPI_Init etc else MPI_Bcast amp message 0 assuming MPI_Init etc print message receives the message from sending process and prints 33 4 1 6 MPI_Reduce String sendbuf String receivebuf String operation int root This function is used for reducing arguments into one using the specified operation If the desired goal is to add the
11. cl answerFromSlave zeros 1 numProcs for j 2 3 lt numProcs 1 jtt MPI_Send amp j j 1 1 while answers lt numProcs 1 for j 1 j lt numProcs j MPI_Iprobe j 1 amp result ae resale feo 0p 4 MPI_Recv amp message j 1 answerFromSlave j message answerst F result 0 print nMaster result answerFromSlave 1 result G 2 print answerFromSlave 1 j answerFromSlave j for J lt numProcs result result answerFromSlave j print result n p else decl i message 0 resultCalc OF 103 i lt message 1 MPI_Recv amp message i 1 for itt resultCalc resultCalc message print nSlave result MPI_Send amp resultCalc 0 an message i message MPI_Finalize Finalize MPI 20 vesultCalc Now we have a program which will calculate the formula up to the number of processes we choose in the graphical user interface Next thing to do is to try it in ParaDiOx 3 2 2 Getting helloworld ox to run This section will concentrate on getting the program we created in the previous section running on the computer network we installed in the beginning of this chapter First you need to copy the helloworld ox to all computers in your network It is preferable that the files get the same path In this example we will assume that all paths are the same Otherwise you need to
12. create a configuration file When you have distributed the ox file to all computers you need to get knowledge of the computer name on the slaves Please view the Windows manual if you don t know how to get it Next it is time to start running the helloworld example Begin with starting up ParaDiOx Graphical User Interface GUI on the master computer via the start menu or by executing ParaDiOx exe and the GUI will appear Now you need to write in the path to your oxl exe file followed by a space and then the path to your helloworld ox in the Application input field In our case this would be c Ox bin oxl exe c temp helloworld ox Next you will need to setup available computers Mark the radiobutton named Hosts and the input field below will be enabled Write in the field that became enabled the computer name of the first slave computer Then press on the Add button and the computer name will be added to the list below When you have added the computers you will need to select which computers you want to run on by marking them with a mouse click right on the computer name in the list Now it is only thing left to do is to choose how many processes you want to have This can be accomplished in the Number of processes input field And now you may press on the Run button A new input box will appear requesting for Account and Password If you have followed the installation notes you will input the account mpi and the password you
13. e MPI Probe function checks if there is a 35 message from the specified source with that specific tag information and waits until there is such a message If you just want to check whether there is one or not you use the other probe function called MPI Iprobe decl source 17 message 0 MPI_Probe source 26 waits until message exists Assumes MPI_Init etc MPI_Recv amp message source 26 4 1 12 MPI_Iprobe int source int tag int flag This function is used to probe the MPI world for messages As stated in the MPI Probe function this is used to test whether there is a message or not with the specified source number and tag information The result is stored in the flag The flag is an address to an integer used in the same way as the message variable in the broadcast function If the flag value is zero then no new message was found decl result 0 source 17 message 0 MPI_Iprobe source 26 amp result assumes MPI_Init etc checks source 17 if result 0 MPI_Recv amp message source 26 now known that message exist 5 Support and Services Very limited support is given on ParaDiOx This project will be finished in May 2002 and no further improvements are planned MPICH is still being developed and feel free to recompile ParaDiOx with a newer version of MPICH to access new functionality If you have some problems with ParaDiOx you can of course give it a shot and send an
14. e the master process is the process which will act as a message manager to send tasks to slave processes and to do the post calculations Although in most cases the master process and the master computer is the same It is somewhat of a standard to choose the master process to be process zero main MPI_Init decl numProcs MPI _Comm_size decl myId MPI_Comm_rank if myId 0 master program logic 17 else slave program logic MPI_Finalize We have now separated the program logic in slave logic and master logic Now we can start concentrating on the algorithm design So let s start with the slave algorithm The slave processes should be designed so that they receive an integer x from the master process calculate the integer x with the formula x and then return the answer to the master process This can be done with the following code decl i message 0 resultCalc 1 MPI_Recv amp message 0 1 for i 1 i lt message itt resultCalc resultCalc message print nSlave result message message resultCalc MPI_Send amp resultCalc 0 1 We use MPI Recv to receive the integer from the master and use MPI Send to return the answer to the master The algorithm uses a for loop which notation is very similar to other programming language to perform an exponential calculation We also use a print line so we know the result of the process An interestin
15. ecessary files If you choose the custom installation you will get to a new screen that lets you customize your installation with the package you want to install Select Components xj Select the components you want to install clear the components you do not want to install Application Files Examples 7K Description Files required to run the application Change Install to C ParaDiOx Browse Space required 2187 K Space available 646 656 K Back Next Cancel Figure 2 4 Customizing your installation 7 All setups Next you will need to choose where the program links will be placed in the start menu and then you can start installing the files 8 All setups After the files have been installed on your computer a command prompt will appear that installs the MPICH daemon as a service x Setup will create an account which will be used by the master to run MPl commands Select a proper password for this user If you would like to use an already existing account or if you would like to set up this account later on select Ignore On computer MUNTER User fpi tst lt CSsS Type password ooo Retype password OoOo O O O Create account Ignore Figure 2 5 Creating new user account 9 MasterAuto SlaveAuto If you are running Windows 2000 or Windows XP you now need to setup an account for the master computer by choosing a proper 8 password The acco
16. environment located differently on computers that you are going to use at the same run you must support the program with a configuration file that explains where the oxl exe file is located on each computer likewise with the ox files 24 E No color output E No mpi just execute multiple processes E Don t clear output on Run E Always prompt for password E Redirect output to file E Use configuration file E Slave process al E Environment varl vall lvar2 val2lvar3 val3 eeee E Working directory drive my workina directory E Drive mappings drive Shost share drive Figure 3 2 Advanced options window No color output The output will not be color coded according to the rank of the process No mpi Launch multiple processes that are not mpi applications they never make any MPI calls Don t clear output on Run The output in the output window does not get erased when the Run button is clicked Always prompt for password Don t use the saved account in the registry prompt for user and password every time Run is selected 25 Redirect output to file Redirect the output of the mpi application to the specified file The contents of the file will be deleted each time Run is selected Use configuration file Select a configuration file to specify more complicated launching preferences Slave process Specify the path to a second exec
17. er Users Members can share directories and printers ei Replicator Supports file replication in a domain Ordinary users Figure 2 7 Selecting New User from the User menu 3 Choose desired selections as illustrated in figure 2 8 Figure 2 8 Creating new user account 10 4 Click on the Groups button in previous figure and make the user a member of Guests as described in figure 2 9 Group Memberships Guests mize Administrators Backup Operators Power Users Benares Replicator Figure 2 9 Mpi is member of the Guests group 5 Then you get back to figure 2 9 Here you click on the Add button The result should be similar to figure 2 10 11 User Manager WPETER OF Xx User View Policies Options Help Username Description Administrator Built i Description ee Administrators Members can fully administer the computer domain es Backup Operators Members can bypass file security to back up files ge Guests Users granted guest access to the computer domain axe Power Users Members can share directories and printers give Replicator Supports file replication in a domain Ordinary users Figure 2 10 The result when the mpi user is added 2 2 2 How to add a new user in Windows 2000 1 Open the Control Panel item by clicking on the Start menu point to Settings and click on Control Panel 2 Open Users and Passwords in Control Panel 3 Click on the button Add 4 Select a pr
18. es are installed if not it will install these files If any VB runtime files are installed the installation requires a restart of your computer and you will need to run the setup program again after the restart Otherwise the installation program will continue to the next step MasterClean SlaveClean This installation doesn t require this step so you can move forward to the next step Software License Agreement xj Please read the following License Agreement for ParaDiOx Press the PAGE DOWN key or use the scrollbars to read the rest of the agreement es MPICH License Agreement COPYRIGHT The following is a notice of limited availability of the code and disclaimer which must be included in the prologue of the code and in all source listings of the code Copyright Notice 1993 University of Chicago 1993 Mississippi State University Permission is hereby granted to use reproduce prepare derivative works and to redistribute to others This software was authored by xi Do you accept all the terms of the preceding License Agreement If you choose No the installation will terminate To install ParaDiOx you must accept this agreement Figure 2 1 The license agreement 4 All setups You will now get some information about the installation and on the next screen you will find license agreement on the product MPICH since ParaDiOx is a further development of MPICH To continue the installation you will need to se
19. g note is that all print statements only will be exposed on the master computer So now we need to create the logic for the master process The master process should distribute all calculations to the slave processes and then wait for answer from them A possible way of doing this is to loop through all processes and send integers to them and order them to work with it and then start a loop that waits until we have received answer from all the slave processes So let s do so decl j result 0 message 0 answers 0 decl answerFromSlave zeros 1 numProcs for j 2 j lt numProcs 1 j MPI_Send amp j j 1 1 while answers lt numProcs 1 18 for j 1 j lt numProcs j MPI_Iprobe j 1 amp result if result 0 MPI_Recv amp message j 1 answerFromSlave j message answers result 0 What do we have left Well we must represent our answers from the hosts in some way and we also need to post calculate the answers Hence we add this code at the end of the master s logic print nMaster result answerFromSlave 1 result answerFromSlave 1 for j 2 j lt numProcs j print answerFromSlave j result result answerFromSlave j print result n Now we soon are finished just a small detail left Since the code we have produced requires at least two processes one master and one slave process we need to handle t
20. he case when only one process is selected A simple way to come around this problem is to put an if statement to check this condition if numProcs 1 print nNumber of processes should be more then 1 print nplease increase number of processes else Master and slave logic here Now let s make it a complete program and se what we have accomplished include lt oxstd h gt extern ox2mpich Init MPI_Init extern ox2mpich Comm_size MPI_Comm_size extern ox2mpich Comm_rank MPI_Comm_rank extern ox2mpich Get_processor_name MPI_Get_processor_name tmp 19 ROOT extern ox2mpich Bcast MPI_Bcast const message const root extern ox2mpich Reduce MPI_Reduce const SENDBUF const RECVBUF const OP const extern ox2mpich Finalize MPI_Finalize extern ox2mpich Wtime MPI_Wtime extern ox2mpich Send MPI_Send const SENDBUF const target const tag extern ox2mpich Recv MPI_Recv const SENDBUF const source const tag extern ox2mpich Probe MPI_Probe const source const tag extern ox2mpich Iprobe MPI_Iprobe const source const tag const flag main MPI_Init Initialize MPI decl numProcs decl myId MPI_Comm_rank if MPI_Comm_size numProcs 1 print nNumber of processes should be more then 1 print nplease increase number of processes else if myId 0 decl j result 0 message 0 answers 0 de
21. he distributing power of MPI it is worth mentioning that there are many more advanced possibilities available e g letting clients communicate with each other etcetera The example is simple and straightforward in order to make it relatively easy to understand 4 1 Function reference We have chosen to list each function implemented as of this date As stated in the next section there are no limits on increasing the functionality of the dll file connecting the Ox environment with the MPI standard Each function is described in detail how to use it what arguments it needs and a brief example code at the end of each summary As said if you want to see the functions in actual use the example source code is available with this ParaDiOx release The examples in this user s manual are of course in Ox code 4 1 1 MPI_Init This function is used to initialize the MPI connections on all participating computers It should often be used quite early in the Ox program since every process must communicate with other processes Note the MPI standard can have arguments in the init function However the way implemented in the ParaDiOx release this has been simplified just to do the basic necessary initializations 31 MPI_Init as simple as that 4 1 2 MPI_Comm_Size This function returns an integer which represent the number of processes available in the domain It can be used if one wants to loop over all processes since
22. in the MPICH manual You can also find information about how to write your own configuration file here This could be useful if you want to put the files on different locations on different computers for example Our graphical user interface is also compatible with most mpich applications 3 2 Getting started This chapter is a guide for those who neither have used ParaDiOx nor is a regular user of Ox to The purpose is to explain what it really is in order to help the user to get the system up and running It will provide information of the link between ParaDiOx and Ox 13 so if you are looking for a description how to make general Ox programs we refer to the Ox manual The first thing you will have to do is to get your hands on a couple of computers It is possible to run ParaDiOx on only the local computer but since this program is about enhancing performance via distributed calculation the point with a local run seems less clear However the computers you are going to use all need to get an installation of ParaDiOx and also the Ox environment The Ox environment is freely available on the homepage of Ox http www nuff ox ac uk Users Doornik index html for academic research others may need to pay a fee Please do regular installations of the Ox Console on all the computers If you are unsure of the procedure on installing the Ox environment you better look in the Ox manual A comment to the Ox installation is that there will be
23. integers that the slaves have they can all call the reduce function with the address to its integer specifying the same result address The idea is that the MPI function will then add all these elements and store the result at that address and send it to the specified recipitant most often the root master For example the code could be decl i 4 decl answer 0 char operation MPI_SUM MPI_Reduce amp i amp answer amp operation 0 As of this date the dll can handle the following different types of data int double ox_matrix ox_string and ox_array Also there are several different types of operations supported in the current release They are MPI_MAX MPI_MIN MPI_SUM MPI_PROD MPI_LAND MPI_BAND MPI_BOR MPI_LOR MPI_LXOR MPI_BXOR MPI_MAXLOC and MPI_MINLOC 4 1 7 MPI_Finalize This function is used for finalizing the MPI connection before ending the program It is closely connected to the MPI Init function since that one is used in the same way for setting up the connection MPI_Finalize as simple as that 4 1 8 MPI_Wtime This function is used for keeping track of how long time something takes in a process decl startwtime 0 0 endwtime 0 0 wtime MPI_Wtime uses doubles startwtime MPI_Wtime assuming MPI_Init etc 34 do some time demanding stuff endwtime MPI_Wtime time endwtime startwtime assuming MPI_Init etc print nTime taken to do the stuff
24. lect yes to accept on this agreement By selecting No you will exit the installation Choose Destination Directory x Setup will install ParaDiOx to the following location To install to this location click Next To install to a different location click Browse and select another location You can choose not to install ParaDiOx by clicking Cancel to exit this installation Install to e ParaDiOx Browse Figure 2 2 Choosing destination directory 5 All setups Now you need to choose an installation directory Recommended is that you choose the same directory on all computers you are going to use It s possible to select different installation directories but you may come across difficulties in setting up your configuration on the master computer Install Type xj Select the type of installation you prefer then click Next Typicaf Program will be installed with the most common options Recommended for most users Compact Program will be installed with the minimum required options Custom fou can choose the options to install Recommended for advanced users Install to C ParaDiOx Browse Back Next Cancel Figure 2 3 The installation type panel 6 All setups There are three different types of installations The typical installation will install all the files that are needed as well as example files The compact installation will only install the n
25. mannii User Guide Table of context Li Welcome to Pata Lyi x nnn ecsnesg shun teva vanes eaadtevsasadanddatacncatieoaesetsenetnntene 3 1 1 What s the purpose of this user guide cece eeceeesecececeeeseeeseesaeeeeeceseeeeeenseees 3 L2 About IS aks scares ostetas ee e E casa as een EEE a E E 3 2 Mristal line Para iO asn aamen n ta ues 45005 AE E adie AEE E E RR i 3 Didier Before VOU Statt rrr ereire o a E E E a a AOE E Ea 3 2 1 1 Systemireguire Metts osni iii a a A e R 4 2 24 Installation InstrUctOn Sei re aa aa E a Eaa 5 2 2 1 How to add a new user in Windows NT 4 00 ccc ceeceecsceseeeeeeeseeneeeeseeeeeeees 9 UIA How to add a new user in Windows 2000 ceeceeeseeeeeseceeeeeeeeteeeteeenees 12 Sy gaining how touse Paral yi xs ccicoit nisinstasadsteosewhowartessta ascend E A R ORR 13 Bilis gt EUG TAC Cia ola ae TE dandatssvam de iedl waht rin desad bea sinuses cane aeeduswtdbebdciie seu ints 13 3 27 TCURITN SLA TLS Cada misisko a n tut th bud oasis a a os nauseated eats putes aus Nels 13 SAV Programmi INOX aa anea naa a a aa a 14 3 2 2 Getting helloworld OXx to rUn essssssessesssssesssseesesesreesesseesessessesseseessesress 21 3 3 Graphical User Interface esce a aa a aaa a aaa iaa A aaa a 22 Zade Th man window seenen trenni e a A E S 22 3 3 2 Advanced options windoW sssessssssessesesresssesseeseresessrossessseesessressesss 24 tbe o PRAM ANC nei aaa a e a aaa ail a A a aa a A 26 3
26. me dlls installed its only benefits with using the previous slave installation instead of this one System requirements e IBM compatible computer running Windows NT 4 0 Windows 2000 or Windows XP e The programming environment Ox 2 2 Installation instructions Once you have chosen desired installation file it is time to start installing ParaDiOx Since the installation instructions for the different installation files are quite similar they will be presented as one instruction and where the installation files differ it will be shown as MasterAuto MasterClean SlaveAuto or SlaveClean 1 Unzip the files into a temporary directory Choose Run from the Start menu The Run dialog box will appear Type lt Path to the temporary directory gt MasterInstAuto setup exe in the text box provided and then click OK Here MasterInstAuto is the path to the MasterAuto installation If it s the SlaveAuto installation you are installing this path is replaced with SlaveInstAuto Similar for the MasterClean or the SlaveClean installation the path is replaced with MasterInstClean respectively SlaveInstClean For example if you have chosen the temporary directory to C ParaDiOx Installation and is installing S aveClean installation the path would be C ParaDiOx Installation SlaveInstClean setup exe MasterAuto SlaveAuto The installation program will start with a pre installation of VB runtime dlls It will check if all necessary fil
27. n window This section will explain the different parts of the Graphical User Interface main window It will not provide specific details on how to use the main window cause with little common sense you will get the feeling for it 22 sean O_O Number of processes fi 4 Advanced Options Output Any hosts Hosts eset cza Figure 3 1 The main graphical user interface Application Enter the full path to the mpi application with any arguments This can be a local or shared location The path must be valid on all the nodes eg c temp myapp exe arg arg2 or myserver myshare myapp exe arg arg2 Number of processes Select the number of processes you want to launch Run Launch the mpich application Break Kill the running application 23 Any hosts Run will choose from any of the hosts in the host list Hosts Run only on the highlighted hosts from the list Reset Reset the list of hosts to the list selected by MPIConfig Add button Add a host to the list Remove button Remove a host from the list Open button Open a host list Save button Save a host list Output The output of the application shows up here Ctrl C will copy the output You can also enter input here that will be sent to the root process 3 3 2 Advanced options window The advanced options window is providing options that will affect the running of a specific program For example if you have the Ox
28. onents necessary to run a computer as a master The installation program will provide help to create an account installing an mpich daemon etcetera However the installation program needs to install VB runtime dlls if these dll files aren t already installed on the computer MasterSetupClean exe The difference between this installation and the previous master installation is that this installation doesn t require VB runtime dlls On the other hand you have to create the account manually in this installation The main drawback with the requirement of installing VB runtime dlls is that you will need to restart the computer before you can continue with the installation But if you already have VB runtime dlls installed its only benefits with using the previous slave installation instead of this one SlaveSetupAuto exe This file will only install components necessary to run a computer as a slave Similar to the MasterSetup it will provide automatic account creation etcetera and it also requires VB runtime dlls SlaveSetupClean exe The difference between this installation and the previous slave installation is that this installation doesn t require VB runtime dlls On the other hand you have to create the account manually in this installation The main drawback with the requirement of installing VB runtime dlls is that you will need to restart the computer before you can continue with the installation But if you already have VB runti
29. oper username for example mpi selecting a real name and a description is optional and then click next 5 Select a password to make it easier to remember the password it is recommended to have the same password on all the slaves and then click next 12 6 Make the user a member of the group Guests by selecting the last of the optional buttons and then scroll in the list of groups until you find Guests Now you only need to confirm and then you can start using the account Note If you having trouble with adding a new user please read the Windows 2000 manual 3 Learning how to use ParaDiOx 3 1 Preface It is strongly suggested to get the example program working before starting to develop your own Ox program When this part is working the next step is to develop your own Ox code You can execute several processes on one workstation and test so everything works properly before executing on several computers When your program is developed you need to spread the file to all installed computers or execute it over the network over a Windows share It is possible to use the mpd mpich to spread the file For more info about that please read the mpd manual The graphical user interface is an improved version of the mpich graphical user interface Since ParaDiOx is fully compatible with everything made for mpich it is possible to use the original graphical user interface or MPIrun You can find everything about those programs
30. ptions must specify complete paths including file names The replace and createdir options refer to the remote file replace yes overwrites the remote file if it exists createdir yes causes the path described by the remote option to be created if it doesn t exist If replace and createdir are not specified the defaults are replace yes and createdir yes Return values SUCCESS or error message To start the mpd console launch mpd exe with the console switch and the name of the computer in this example armada the file should be copied to gt mpd exe console armada Upon successful connect issue the fileinit command with the username and password used during the installation of the Paradiox system for example fileinit account mpi password mpich123 Then issue the putfile command with parameters 30 putfile local c temp example ox remote d temp example ox replace yes createdir yes Then the file should be copied onto the remote computer and be ready to run thru guiMPIrun 4 Creating an Ox program with MPI support There is an example program included in the ParaDiOx package which is called example ox This program code is recommended to be used as a reference for inexperienced MPI programmers on how to use the different MPI functions This manual will be based on that example and will explain the different functions in detail The example is made as a suggestion only on how you may want to make use of t
31. resources e g their computer power this application makes calculations a lot faster by taking advantage of parallel functions 1 1 What s the purpose of this user guide This User Guide is written for you to get a good start with ParaDiOx at an early stage and also enlighten you of all the possibilities and opportunities that come with ParaDiOx When you have read this guide you should be able to install run and understand how to make your own OX files that support MPI 1 2 About Us ParaDiOx project has been created by five students at Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden also known as KTH These students are Andreas Ohrvall Dennis Frantz n Martin Edquist Michael Bergman and Peter Stolt We all knew each other from earlier courses and projects Hence we have learned to work together in an efficient way We found this to be very useful in this project 2 Installing ParaDiOx 2 1 Before you start The installation of ParaDiOx is separated in two different installation types the slave installation and the master installation When setting up a slave computer you should use a slave installation and subsequently when setting up a master computer you should always use the master installation The slave installation is also separated into two different types of automation So the main option when installing ParaDiOx is to choose between the following files MasterSetupAuto exe This file will install all comp
32. selected during the installation and then press the OK button The calculation will 21 now start and depending on the number of chosen processes you will get an output similar to Ox version 3 10 Windows C J A Doornik 1994 2002 This version may be used for academic research and teaching only Ox version 3 10 Windows C J A Doornik 1994 2002 This version may be used for academic research and teaching only Ox version 3 10 Windows C J A Doornik 1994 2002 This version may be used for academic research and teaching only Ox version 3 10 Windows C J A Doornik 1994 2002 This version may be used for academic research and teaching only Slave result 2A2 4 Slave result 3A3 27 Slave result 4A4 256 Master result 4 27 256 287 You have now completed your first Ox program with ParaDiOx support This helloworld example is very trivial and do not provide false tolerant code etcetera So now it is time to move forward to more advanced features In the following sections of this chapter we will explain the GUI and give a more advanced example to run called example ox 3 3 Graphical User Interface In this section we will explain the different features in ParaDiOx Graphical User Interface The thought is that you have learned the basic steps to build an Ox program by reading the earlier chapter and now is ready to explore the strength of ParaDiOx with only some help on what the different buttons mean 3 3 1 The mai
33. unt will be a member to the group Guests If you are running Windows NT 4 you will need to setup this account manually in the end of this installation instruction MasterClean SlaveClean Move to the next step 10 All setups Restart your computer to get the service running 11 MasterAto SlaveAuto Now the installation is finished You can now use ParaDiOx MasterClean SlaveClean Windows NT 4 Add a new user by using the User manager on the start menu and add the user to the group Guests Then the installation is finished You can now use ParaDiOx 2 2 1 How to add a new user in Windows NT 4 1 Start the User Manager as shown in figure 2 6 below a Administrative Wizards gd Backup 2 Disk Administrator Event Viewer 5 License Manager m Migration Tool for NetWare Z Network Client Administrator Programs X Performance Monitor Startup H Books Online gt BB Command Prompt QJ Windows NT Explorer FS Administra on gt Windows NT Diagnostics ES Remote Access Admin K Server Manager E System Policy Editor 6 User Manager for Domains Figure 2 6 Starting the User Manager 2 Select new user from the user menu as depicted in figure 2 7 User Manager PETER aie Administrators Members can fully administer the computer domain a Backup Operators Members can bypass file security to back up files Users granted quest access to the computer domain gi Pow
34. utable to be launched for every process except the root process This is a quick way to launch a master slave application without using a configuration file Environment var1 val1 var2 val2 var3 val3 varn valn This will set the environment variables specified in the string before each process is launched Working directory drive some path Set the working directory for the launched processes If this option is not specified the current directory is used Drive mappings drive host share This option will map a drive on the hosts where the processes are launched The mappings are removed after the processes exit This option can be repeated multiple times separated by semi colons example y myserver myapps z myserver myhome 3 4 Run example This section provides a simple step by step instruction how to start a distributed Ox program with Ox our DLL file and the MPICH system The thought is that you will use this section to get the more advanced example ox running than the basic helloworld example 26 Application C Program Files Ox bin oxl exe example ox E hanbat ot pocese ES Output Any hosts Hosts armada Figure 3 3 Enter path in the main graphical user interface The first thing to do is to enter the path to your oxl executable with the complete path and the ox program you want to run in the application field of the GUI 27 Application C Program Files Ox4bi Number of processes
35. variables you are going to use by using the code dec followed by the variable name There is no difference between different types of variables so both strings and integers etcetera are declared in the very same way We will at least need to have two variables declared Those are myId and numProcs The variable myld will contain a unique integer which identifies the process while the variable numProcs contain the number of available processes both are defined during the magical initialization procedure We recommend to set these values at the same time as the declaration by calling the MPI methods at the very same line of code as shown in the next code example main MPI_Init decl numProcs MPI_Comm_size decl myId MPI_Comm_rank program logic here including mpi messaging MPI_Finalize A number of processes are started on a number of computers and the only thing which is interesting when you programming the Ox programs are how many processes you are able to distribute to Therefore we will need numProcs Each of those processes has a unique number and for the current process it is myId We will now need to decide which process will be the master process Don t be confused with the definitions of master computer and master process because there is a difference between them The master computer is where you will run the graphical user interface and where you will decide when to start the ox program etcetera Meanwhil
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