Adobe Illustrator 8.0 User Guide Chapter 8
Contents
1. Draw texture on left side of bounding box Then copy texture and rectangle When the upper left corner point of the copy snaps to the upper right corner point of the bounding box release the mouse button and then release Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS If you know the exact dimensions of the bounding box you can select only the textures and use the Move command to specify a horizontal move the width of the rectangle Be sure to click Copy instead of OK in the Move dialog box 6 Click outside the rectangle to deselect it 7 Select the right rectangle and delete it Select the right rectangle and delete it to create identical texture on right and left 8 Using the pencil tool 7 continue drawing your texture with only the objects or lines that intersect the top side of the rectangle When you finish with the top side only select all of the lines or objects crossing the top side and the bounding box 9 Edit the corner tile so that its artwork lines up vertically and horizontally with the tiles next to it Select and delete any portions of the tile that you do not want in the corner and edit the remaining art to create the final outer corner tile fe Draw texture on top side of bounding box Then copy texture and rectangle ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 205 User Guide 10 When the upper left corner point of the copy snaps to the lower left corner point of the rectangle rel2. 1 Make sure that nothing is selected in your artwork 2 Choose Windows gt Show Swatches and select the pattern swatch you want to modify 3 Drag the pattern swatch onto your artwork 4 Select artwork in the pattern tile an d edit the tile To do this use the direct selection tool or group selection tool or ungroup the pattern 5 Select the pattern tile 6 Alt drag Windows or Option drag Mac OS the modified pattern on top of the old pattern swatch in the Swatches palette The pattern is replaced in the Swatches palette and is updated in the current file Moving patterns Patterns begin tiling from the ruler origin and continue to tile in a left to right sequence from bottom to top until the object is filled To adjust where all patterns in your artwork begin tiling you can change the file s ruler origin To move all of the patterns within a file 1 Choose View gt Show Rulers 2 Move the selection pointer to the box in the upper left corner where the rulers intersect 3 As you drag into the window two intersecting lines indicating the ruler origin follow the pointer When the ruler origins are positioned as desired release the mouse button See Changing the ruler origin on page 107 Transforming pattern filled objects If an object that you want to transform is filled with a pattern you can choose to transform only the pattern transform only the object or transform the pattern and th
3. 4 To define the ending color of the gradient click the right square below the gradient bar Then choose the color you want as described in step 3 5 Choose Linear or Radial from the pop up menu to indicate the type of gradient you want With a radial gradient the beginning point of the gradient defines the center point of the fill which radiates outward to the endpoint Linear and radial gradients 6 To adjust the beginning point or endpoint of the gradient drag the squares located below the bar To adjust the midpoint of the gradient the point at which the colors are at 50 drag the diamond icon located above the bar 25 50 75 a 25 50 75 Gradient fills with midpoint at different percentages ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 189 User Guide 7 Enter the angle of direction for the gradient in the Angle text box The angle can range from 180 to 180 degrees The angle option is not available when a radial gradient is chosen 8 To save the gradient do one of the following e Drag the completed gradient from the Gradient palette to the Swatches palette e Drag the gradient from the Fill box in the toolbox to the Swatches palette e Click the New Swatch button in the Swatches palette Modifying gradients You can modify gradients by adding colors to make blends from multiple colors or by adjusting the endpoints and midpoints of the gradients Gradient colors are defined by a series of stops in the gradient
4. draw a bounding box that surrounds the objects and coincides with their outer boundaries If the pattern is to be a corner tile hold down Shift as you drag to constrain the bounding box to a square The bounding box should surround the objects and coincide with their outer boundaries Bounding box for a fill pattern and for a brush pattern 9 Paint the geometric objects the desired color 10 Define the geometric objects as a pattern following the procedure in Constructing simple patterns and defining patterns on page 201 Constructing patterns with irregular textures You can create an irregularly textured fill pattern that tiles seamlessly Remember that fill patterns clip any artwork outside the bounding box whereas brush patterns do not To create an irreg ularly textured brush pattern you should select and define as a pattern only the textured artwork within the bounding box To create an irregular texture 1 Make sure that View gt Snap to Point has been selected 2 Draw a bounding box If you are creating a brush pattern skip to step 13 3 Draw the texture with the objects or lines that intersect only the left side of the bounding rectangle 4 Select the texture and the rectangle and place the pointer on the lower left corner of the rectangle 5 Drag the rectangle to the right then press Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS to create a copy and to constrain the move
5. 2 Enter the new pattern name in the Swatch Name text box and click OK 202 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns Guidelines for constructing patterns Follow these general guidelines for constructing pattern tiles e As you create your pattern tile zoom in on the artwork to align elements more accurately and then zoom out from the artwork for the final selection e For greatest efficiency in previewing and printing a fill pattern tile should be about 1 2 inch to 1 inch square Side tiles for brush patterns should be no larger than 1 2 inch to 1 inch high by 1 inch to 2 inches wide the corner tiles must be the same height as the side tiles and should be square e The more complex the pattern the smaller the selection used to create it should be however the smaller the selection and the pattern tile it creates the more copies are needed to create the pattern Thus a 1 inch square tile is more efficient than a 1 4 inch square tile If you are creating a simple pattern you can include multiple copies of the object within the selection intended for the pattern tile e To create simple line patterns layer stroked lines of varying widths and colors and place an unfilled and unstroked bounding box behind the lines to create a pattern tile Corner tile and side tile e To make an organic or textural pattern appear irregular vary the tile artwork subtly not dramat ically for a more realistic effect You
6. Blend Front to Back filter applied To blend colors between filled objects 1 Select three or more filled objects to blend 2 Do one of the following e To fill the intermediate objects with gradated blends between the frontmost and backmost filled objects choose Filter gt Colors gt Blend Front to Back e To fill the intermediate objects with gradated blends between the leftmost and rightmost filled objects choose Filter gt Colors gt Blend Horizon tally e To fill the intermediate objects with gradated blends between the topmost and bottommost filled objects choose Filter gt Colors gt Blend Vertically Creating and working with patterns To create a pattern you create artwork you want to use as a pattern and then drag the artwork to the Swatches palette or use the Edit gt Define Pattern command You can use paths compound paths or text with solid fills or no fill for a pattern or you can design a pattern from scratch with any of the tools in the Adobe Illustrator program However you cannot use patterns gradients blends brush strokes gradient meshes bitmap images graphs placed files or masks in a pattern You can customize any pattern by resizing the pattern moving or transforming it or coloring its objects Note The Illustrator Extras folder on the Adobe Illustrator CD includes pattern and texture libraries In addition the Adobe Illustrator Startup file and the Adobe Illustrator 8 0 gt
7. bar A stop is the point at which a gradient changes from one color to the next and is identified by a square below the gradient bar The squares in the Gradient palette display the color currently assigned to each gradient stop It s a good idea to fill an object with the gradient you plan to adjust so that you can preview the effect on the artwork as you adjust the gradient To add intermediate colors to a gradient Do one of the following e Drag and drop a color from the Swatches palette or the Color palette onto the gradient bar in the Gradient palette 190 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns e Click anywhere below the gradient bar to define another color square You can then select a color and adjust the square as you would any other starting or ending color To delete an intermediate color drag the square off the gradient bar For a color illustration of linear and multi color gradients see figure 8 1 on page 231 Adjusting gradients with the gradient tool Once you have filled an object with a gradient the gradient tool lets you modify the gradient by repainting the fill along an imaginary line you drag This tool lets you change the direction of a gradient change the beginning point and endpoint of a gradient and apply a gradient across multiple objects To use the gradient tool 1 Select an object whose gradient you want to modify 2 Select the gradient tool A 3 Position t
8. object containing a radial or linear gradient fill 2 Choose Object gt Expand 3 Select the Gradient Mesh option in the Expand dialog box and click OK The selected object is converted to a mesh object that takes the shape of the gradient either circular radial or rectangular linear Editing mesh objects Once you have created a mesh object you can adjust or edit its mesh points anchor points and mesh lines Anchor points can be added with the add anchor point tool or deleted with the delete anchor point tool on any mesh line ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 193 User Guide To add or delete mesh points and mesh lines 1 Select the gradient mesh tool H 2 Do one of the following To adda mesh point colored with the current fill color click anywhere in the mesh object The corresponding mesh lines extend from the new mesh point to the edges of the object Clicking on an existing mesh line adds a single intersecting mesh line e To add a mesh point without changing to the current fill color press Shift and click e To delete a mesh point and the corresponding mesh lines Alt click Windows or Option click Mac OS directly on the mesh point To edit a mesh point 1 Select the gradient mesh tool and click directly on a mesh point Direction lines appear on the mesh point 2 Do one of the following e Drag the direction lines to edit the mesh point as you would any anchor point For more infor mation about e
9. of the object in the pattern you want select the artwork and define it as a pattern tile by dragging it to the Swatches palette ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 User Guide To construct a geometric pattern 1 Make sure that Smart Guides are turned on and that the View gt Snap to Point command has been selected 2 Select the geometric object For precise positioning use the selection tool positioned on one of the object s points 3 Begin dragging the object vertically from one of its anchor points then press Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS to copy the object and constrain its movement 4 When the copy of the object has snapped into place release the mouse button and then release Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS 5 Shift click to select both objects and begin dragging the objects horizontally by one of their anchor points then press Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS to create a copy and constrain the move 6 When the copy of the object has snapped into place release the mouse button and then release Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS 7 Repeat steps 2 through 6 until you ve built the pattern you want 8 Using the rectangle tool O follow one of two methods 204 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns e Fora fill pattern draw a bounding box from the center point of the upper left object to the center point of the lower right object e For a brush pattern
10. want to convert to a hatch design for the ink pen effect 2 Select the artwork 3 Choose Filter gt Pen and Ink gt New Hatch 4 Click New Enter a name for the new hatch and click OK 5 To improve the program s performance deselect Preview to turn off the preview of the hatch and click OK To modify an existing hatch 1 Make sure that nothing is selected in the artwork 2 Choose Filter gt Pen and Ink gt New Hatch 3 Choose a hatch from the Hatch pop up menu 4 Click Paste and then click OK 5 Edit the hatch as desired and then select it 6 Choose Filter gt Pen and Ink gt New Hatch 7 Click New Name the new hatch and click OK ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 213 User Guide To save hatch settings 1 Choose Filter gt Pen and Ink gt Hatch Effects 2 Specify the hatch settings and any style options you want to save 3 To save the settings in the file click New Enter a new name for the settings and click OK To delete hatch settings 1 Choose Filter gt Pen and Ink gt Hatch Effects 2 Select the hatch settings and any style options you want to delete 3 Click Delete and then click OK To delete an existing hatch 1 Choose Filter gt Pen and Ink gt New Hatch 2 Choose a hatch from the Hatch pop up menu 3 Click Delete and then click OK Using Pen and Ink hatch libraries When using the Hatch Effects filter you may want to import hatches that you previously created in Illustrator or sav
11. Chapter 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns illing artwork with patterns gradients F multiple colors and textures is easily accomplished with Illustrator You can fill an object or type with a pattern or objects with a gradient much the way you apply a color You can also smoothly flow multiple colors in multiple directions within an object using the gradient mesh tool Mesh objects can be manipulated for very detailed shifts in color You can also blend shapes and modify the blends using standard Illustrator editing techniques Special effects such as simulated ink pen hatching effects can also be applied to artwork using the Pen and Ink filters Illustrator provides a variety of ways to create and apply patterns to artwork You can create pattern tiles and save them in the Swatches palette Patterns can also be applied to a path using the brush tools About gradients gradient meshes and blends Depending on the effect you want you can choose different ways to apply blends or color gradients to objects To apply a graduated blend of colors as you would apply any other color you can create a gradient fill You use the Gradient palette or the gradient tool to apply a gradient applying a gradient in this way does not transform the object Creating a gradient fill is a good way to create a smooth color gradation across one or more objects In contrast the gradient mesh tool transforms a path object or a bitmap i
12. Libraries folder contain a smaller collection of these patterns Patterns intended for filling objects fill patterns differ in design and tiling from patterns intended to be applied to a path with the Brushes palette brush patterns For best results use fill patterns to fill objects and brush patterns to outline objects See Using the Brush Libraries on page 98 and Creating corner tiles for brush patterns on page 206 How patterns tile When designing patterns it helps to understand how Adobe Illustrator tiles patterns e Patterns tile from left to right from the ruler origin by default the bottom of the artwork to the top of the artwork Typically only one tile makes up a fill pattern Brush patterns can consist of up to five tiles for the sides outer corners inner corners and the beginning and end of the path The additional corner tiles enable brush patterns to flow smoothly at corners e Fill patterns tile perpendicular to the x axis In contrast brush patterns tile perpendicular to the path with the top of the pattern tile always facing outward Also corner tiles rotate 90 degrees clockwise each time the path changes direction e Fill and brush patterns also tile differently in relation to the pattern bounding box an unfilled and unstroked rectangle backmost in the artwork For fill patterns the bounding box acts as a mask fill patterns tile only the artwork within the pattern s bounding bo
13. Mesh line D Mesh patch 192 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns Tips for creating mesh objects You can create a mesh object out of any path object or any bitmap image such as a photo graphic image imported from Adobe Photoshop There are a few important guidelines to keep in mind when creating mesh objects e You cannot create mesh objects from compound paths text objects or placed EPS files e Once a mesh object has been created it cannot be converted back to a path object e When converting complex objects use the Create Gradient Mesh command for the best results e When converting simple objects use either the gradient mesh tool or the Create Gradient Mesh command However if you want to add a highlight to a particular spot use the gradient mesh tool and click at the point you want the highlight to appear e To create a mesh object with a regular pattern of mesh points and mesh lines use the Create Gradient Mesh command e When converting complex objects Illustrator can add hidden anchor points to maintain the shape of a line If you want to edit add or delete one or more of these anchor points use the add anchor point tool or the delete anchor point tool e To improve performance and speed of redrawing keep the size of mesh objects to a minimum Complex mesh objects can greatly reduce performance Therefore it is better to create a few small simple mesh objects than to create
14. Transform Pattern Tiles to select Pattern Tiles automatically in the transformation dialog boxes and click OK ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 209 User Guide Changing gradients blends and patterns into filled objects The Expand command can convert gradients blends or patterns into filled objects This command can be particularly useful if you are having difficulty printing objects that contain gradients blends or patterns The Expand command can also convert fills and strokes into individual objects and can convert gradients into mesh objects See Creating a mesh object on page 192 Bil Original gradient and Expand command applied Original pattern and Expand command applied Using Gradients Blends and Patterns To convert fills or strokes into objects 1 Selecta filled or stroked object or an object that has been both filled and stroked 2 Choose Object gt Expand 3 Do one of the following e To expand only the fill select the Fill check box e To expand only the Stroke select the Stroke check box e To expand both the fill and the stroke select both check boxes 4 Click OK To convert gradients blends and patterns into objects 1 Select objects that have been blends or objects that have been filled or stroked with a gradient or pattern 2 Choose Object gt Expand 3 Do one of the following e If you are expanding a complex object select the Object check box and click OK e If you ar
15. a single complex mesh object Creating a mesh object Use the gradient mesh tool or the Create Gradient Mesh command to convert objects to mesh objects You can also use the Expand command to convert radial or linear gradient path objects into mesh objects To create a gradient mesh object with the gradient mesh tool Choose the gradient mesh tool 3 and click a filled object The object is converted to a gradient mesh object with the minimum number of mesh lines To create a gradient mesh object with the Create Gradient Mesh command 1 Select a filled object 2 Choose Object gt Create Gradient Mesh 3 Enter the number of horizontal rows of mesh lines to create on the object in the Rows text box 4 Enter the number of vertical columns of mesh lines to create on the object in the Columns text box 5 Select the direction of the highlight from the Appearance pop up menu e To Center creates a highlight in the center of the object e To Edge creates a highlight on the edges of the object e Flat applies the object s original color evenly across the surface resulting in no highlight Mesh object with the highlight appearance set to Flat To Edge and To Center 6 Enter a percentage of white highlight to apply to the mesh object A value of 100 applies maximum white highlight to the object a value of 0 applies no white highlight to the object Creating a mesh object using the Expand command 1 Select an
16. blend with the blend tool 1 Select the blend tool 4 2 Click objects to blend in sequential order If you want to blend to a specific anchor point on an object click the anchor point with the blend tool If you are blending open paths select an endpoint on each path 3 When you are finished adding objects to the blend you can click the blend tool again to start a new blend Click anchor point on first object with blend tool Then click anchor point on second object Result To create a blend with the Make Blend command 1 Select the objects to blend with any selection tool 2 Choose Object gt Blends gt Make 198 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns To unmake a blend 1 Select the blend with any selection tool 2 Choose Object gt Blends gt Release To change the number of steps between blends 1 Choose Object gt Blends gt Blend Options 2 Select from the following options in the Spacing pop up menu e Specified Steps Enter a value to specify the number of steps between the start and end of the blend e Specified Distance Enter a value to specify the distance between the steps in the blend The distance specified is measured from the edge of one object to the corresponding edge on the next object for example from the rightmost edge of one object to the rightmost edge of the next object e Smooth Color has the Adobe Illustrator program autocalculate the number of steps for t
17. can produce airbrush effects such as complex shading highlighting and contouring The Blend filters can also be used to blend colors between filled objects You can edit blends that you created by moving resizing deleting or adding objects After you make editing changes the artwork is automatically reblended 196 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns About blending One of the simplest uses for blending is to create and distribute shapes evenly between two objects For example you can create a series of evenly spaced bars using the blend tool or the Make Blend command yy a Two objects selected DDD Blending distributes shapes evenly You can also blend between two open paths to create a smooth transition between objects or you can combine blends of colors and objects to create color transitions in the shape of a particular object The following rules apply to blending shapes and their associated colors e You can blend between an unlimited number of objects colors or gradients e Blends can be directly edited with tools such as the selection tools the rotate tool or the scale tool e A straight path is created between blended objects when the blend is first applied You can edit the blend path by dragging anchor points and path segments See Adjusting path segments on page 73 e You cannot blend between gradient mesh objects e If you blend between one object painted with a
18. can use the Roughen filter in the Distort menu to control variations Original and Roughen filter applied e To ensure smooth tiling close paths before defining the pattern e Enlarge your artwork view and check for flaws before defining a pattern e If you draw a bounding box around the artwork make sure that the box is a rectangle that it is the backmost object of the tile and that it is unfilled and unstroked To have Illustrator use this bounding box for a brush pattern do not fill or stroke the box and make sure that nothing protrudes from it Follow these additional guidelines when creating brush patterns e When possible confine artwork to an unpainted bounding box so that you can control how the pattern tiles See How patterns tile on page 201 e Corner tiles must be square and have the same height as side tiles to align properly on the path If you plan to use corner tiles with your brush pattern align objects in the corner tiles horizon tally with objects in the side tiles so that the patterns tile correctly ee Side tile Incorrect corner tile and correct corner tile e Create special corner effects for brush patterns using corner tiles See Creating corner tiles for brush patterns on page 206 Constructing geometric patterns To construct a geometric pattern that tiles uniformly first construct a geometric object with a center point and paint the object Then arrange copies
19. color or a spot color When a gradient is printed or separated mixed mode gradient colors are all converted to CMYK process color See Printing gradients gradient mesh objects and color blends on page 347 To create a gradient 1 Select an object with a selection tool and click the Fill box in the toolbox to select the object s fill 2 To apply a gradient do one of the following e Choose Window gt Show Gradient and click the Gradient Fill box at the upper left of the Gradient palette If the Gradient Fill box is not displayed choose Show Options from the pop up menu in the Gradient palette e Click the Gradient button in the toolbox e Click a gradient swatch in the Swatches palette 3 To define the starting color of a gradient click the left square below the gradient bar and then do one of the following e Alt click Windows or Option click Mac OS a color swatch in the Swatches palette e Create a color using the sliders or the color bar in the Color palette e Drag a color from the Color palette or the Swatches palette to the square below the gradient bar Note If you create a gradient between spot colors you must deselect Convert to Process in the Separation Setup dialog box to print the gradient in individual spot color separations See Printing gradients as separations on page 363 D rmen Angle e Location 100 _ 96 2 A Starting color B Midpoint C Ending color
20. diting anchor points see About direction lines and direction points on page 70 e Shift drag a direction line to move all direction lines from the mesh point at once e Use the direct selection tool the convert selection point tool or the transformation tools to edit mesh points 194 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns To move a mesh point 1 Select the gradient mesh tool 2 Do one of the following e Click a mesh point and drag to freely move the point and the connecting mesh lines e Press Shift and drag the mesh point to constrain the movement to follow a mesh line This is a convenient way to move a mesh point along a curved mesh line without distorting the mesh line Dragging to move mesh point and Shift dragging with the gradient mesh tool to constrain to mesh line Adjusting colors on gradient mesh objects Colors are added to gradient mesh objects using the Color palette by dragging and dropping colors or by using the paint bucket tool When you select and color a mesh point the mesh point and surrounding area are colored with the current fill color When you click over a mesh patch all four mesh points surrounding the patch are colored You can also use color filters to change the color of mesh points See Using filters to modify colors on page 176 Adding color to a mesh point and to a mesh patch Once color is applied to parts of a mesh object you can change the shape a
21. e expanding a gradient select the Specify Objects option enter the number of steps to which you want to convert the gradient and click OK Hold down Alt Windows or Option Mac OS as you choose Object gt Expand to expand a gradient using the last number of steps entered in the Expand dialog box Using the Pen and Ink filters The Pen and Ink gt Hatch Effects filter creates textured gradations such as cross hatching and irregular random textures such as wood grains that you can apply to artwork to simulate the look of an ink pen drawing A similar tool called the Photo Crosshatch filter can convert a bitmap photographic image into a series of hatched layers so that it appears to be sketched by an ink pen See Using the Photo Crosshatch filter on page 245 The Hatch Effects filter converts a selected object into a mask and then draws lines or shapes behind it The shapes created by the Hatch Effects filter are objects and can require significant program memory Thus consider applying Pen and Ink effects as the last step in creating your artwork Make the entire drawing and paint it as desired Then apply the hatch effects The hatch or hatch style is the design element of the Hatch Effects filter The particular options associated with a hatch are called hatch settings You can select from hatch settings supplied with the Adobe Illustrator program by using the Hatch Effects dialog box You can also create yo
22. e object simulta neously Once you have transformed a fill pattern all patterns that you subsequently apply are trans formed the same way To return fill patterns to their original states select another paint style and then reselect the desired pattern You can transform fill patterns using the dialog box associated with a transformation tool Regardless of the method you choose turning this option on or off in any dialog box updates the option in all dialog boxes See Moving copying and deleting objects on page 117 To transform a pattern and object using a transformation tool 1 Use the selection tool to select the pattern filled object 2 Double click the transformation tool you want to use 3 Select one or both of the following options e Patterns to transform the pattern tiles e Objects to transform the object 4 Enter the desired transformation values in the text boxes and click OK To transform patterns using the mouse 1 Select the pattern filled object 2 Hold down the tilde key and drag 3 Release the mouse button when the transfor mation is as desired Important The borders of the object appear to be transformed while dragging with the mouse but when the mouse button is released the borders snap back to their original configuration leaving only the pattern transformed To select the Transform Pattern Tiles preferences option 1 Choose File gt Preferences gt General 2 Select
23. e same effect evenly across the shape e Symmetric varies the effect proportionately and evenly for example if applying hatches to round or cylindrical shapes e Random applies the effect irregularly e Fade specifies whether the hatch fades across the object Choose the fade properties from the Fade pop up menu None for no fade To White to fade the hatch to white To Black to fade the hatch to black or Use Gradient if the object is filled with a gradient and you want that gradient to define the fade s direction and colors Be SR ee e oe cd i ee Be BAe ee ce eae 6 ae nae a Bh hike E eee ae P eee E A age eee eee eee A B G aa at See EA a ee na Bias eee gee es Oe One aaa ng AA eee Sig ee es se ae 2 Bee ere ke ee ae ABS ese er ee ae ee a ee eee A Fe a E ee A D E F A Original hatch B Constant C Linear D Reflect E Symmetric F Random 8 Select from the following color options for the hatch e Match Object s Color changes the hatch fill to the selection s fill e Keep Object s Fill Color applies the hatch in its original color on top of the object s fill color 9 When you finish adjusting the hatch options click OK Creating and saving hatches You can create and save your own hatches or modify existing hatches and save them for reuse To save hatches you use either the New Hatch or the Hatch Effects dialog box To create a hatch 1 Draw the objects you
24. e same time by clicking the patch between them to create broad color changes on part of the object Gradient mesh tool applied highlights and colors added About gradient meshes When you create a mesh object multiple lines called mesh lines crisscross the object and provide a way to easily manipulate color transitions on the object By moving and editing points on the mesh lines you can change the intensity of a color shift or change the extent of a colored area on the object ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 191 User Guide At the intersection of two mesh lines is a special kind of anchor point called a mesh point Mesh points appear as diamonds and have all of the same properties as anchor points but with the added capability of accepting color You can add and delete mesh points edit the mesh points or change the color associated with each mesh point Anchor points also appear in the mesh differen tiated by their square rather than diamond shape and can be added deleted edited and moved as with any anchor points in Illustrator Anchor points can be placed on any mesh line you can click an anchor point and drag its direction lines to modify it See About direction lines and direction points on page 70 The area between any four mesh points is called the mesh patch You can also change the color of the mesh patch using the same techniques as changing colors on a mesh point A Anchor point B Mesh point C
25. e the current set of hatches you made into a hatch library Hatch libraries are stored in the Illustrator 8 0 Plug Ins Illustrator Filters Ink Pen folder Once you have opened a hatch library all the hatches in the library are loaded into the Hatch Effects dialog and can be viewed in the Hatch Effect pop up menu at the upper left corner of the dialog 214 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns To load a pen and ink hatch library into Illustrator 1 Choose Filter gt Pen and Ink gt Library Open 2 In the dialog box locate the hatch library you want to open and click OK The hatch libraries are located in the Illustrator 8 0 Plug Ins Illustrator Filters Ink Pen folder Once the new library has been loaded use the Pen and Ink filter as described in Applying a hatch effect on page 211 To save new hatches in an ink pen library 1 Create new hatches as described in Creating and saving hatches on page 213 2 Choose Filter gt Pen and Ink gt Library Save As 3 In the dialog box name the new file save it in the Illustrator 8 0 Plug Ins Illustrator Filters Ink Pen folder and click OK
26. ease the mouse button and then Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS 11 Deselect everything 12 Select the lower rectangle and any objects that don t cross the top rectangle and delete them Select the lower rectangle and delete it to create an identical texture on top and bottom 13 Using the pencil tool fill the middle of the rectangle with your texture Be careful not to intersect any of the rectangle edges Paint the texture 14 Define the artwork and rectangle as a pattern following the procedure in Constructing simple patterns and defining patterns on page 201 206 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns Creating corner tiles for brush patterns Corner tiles lend special border effects when applying brush patterns You can create corner tiles from scratch or you can use a brush pattern s side tile as the basis for designing complementary outer and inner reflected 135 degrees corner tiles To create symmetrical corner tiles from a side tile 1 Open a brush pattern file supplied with Adobe Illustrator that you want to use 2 Choose Window gt Show Swatches Select the tile you want to use and drag it to the center of your artwork 3 If the tile does not have a square bounding box create a box that completely encompasses the artwork the same height as the side tile Side tiles can be rectangular Fill and stroke the box with None and ch
27. he blends If objects are filled or stroked with different colors the steps are calculated to provide the optimum number of steps for a smooth color transition If the objects contain identical colors or if they contain gradients or patterns the number of steps is based on the longest distance between the bounding box edges of the two objects To change the orientation of the blend to the path 1 Choose Objects gt Blends gt Blend Options 2 Select from the following options Click the Align to Page button to orient the blend perpendicular to the x axis of the page e Click the Align to Path button to orient the blend perpendicular to the path Align to Page option applied Align to Path option applied Creating blends on paths Once you create a blend you can then apply the blend to a path Applying a blend to a path is an easy way to wrap a blend around an object or create special effects in your artwork The blend follows the contours of the path in the orientation specified in the Blend Options dialog box If Align to Path is selected the alignment of the blend follows the contours of the path If Align to Page the default setting is selected the blend is aligned with the x axis of the page To apply a blend to a path 1 Select a blend and hold down Shift to select a path 2 Choose Object gt Blends gt Replace Spine To reverse the order of a blend on a path 1 Select the blend 2 Choose Object g
28. he pointer where you want to define the beginning point of the gradient and drag across the object in the direction you want the gradient to be painted Hold down Shift to constrain the tool to multiples of 45 degrees 4 Release the mouse button where you want to define the endpoint of the gradient Drag to set direction and length of gradient To apply a gradient across multiple objects 1 Fill each object with a gradient using the Gradient palette the Swatches palette or the paint bucket tool 2 Select all of the objects 3 Select the gradient tool I 4 Position the pointer where you want to define the beginning point of the gradient and drag across the objects in the direction you want the gradient to be painted 5 Release the mouse button where you want to define the endpoint of the gradient Default gradient fill and gradient applied across objects Creating multicolored objects with the gradient mesh tool The gradient mesh tool the Create Gradient Mesh command and the Expand command can all be used to transform an object into a mesh object A mesh object is a single multicolored object on which colors can flow in different directions and transition smoothly from one point to another By creating a fine mesh on an object and manipu lating the color characteristics at each point in the mesh you can precisely manipulate the coloring of the mesh object You can also apply color to four mesh points at th
29. mage into a single multicolored object When an object is trans formed into a gradient mesh object you create smooth shifts in color that can be precisely adjusted and manipulated the color is controlled by a mesh that can be moved and adjusted to vary the color shift from one part of the object to another The gradient mesh tool provides the most precise method for shifting colors within a single object You can create blends of colors and shapes between objects using the Blend command or the blend tool Blending shapes and colors allows you to select the beginning and ending shapes and colors and have Illustrator create the intermediate steps to create the final blend You can also make changes to elements between the blending steps and Illustrator will adjust the blends instantly 188 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns Creating and working with gradient fills A gradient fillis a graduated blend between two or more colors or tints of the same color You use the Gradient palette to create your own gradients and in combination with the Color palette and Swatches palette to modify existing gradients You can also add intermediate colors to a gradient to create a fill defined by multiple blends among colors For details on using the Color palette and the Swatches palette when working with gradients see Chapter 7 Working with Color Gradient colors can be assigned as CMYK process color RGB process
30. nd extent of the colored areas by editing the mesh points anchor points and mesh lines See Editing mesh objects on page 193 To add color to a mesh point or mesh patch with the Color palette 1 Select a mesh point or mesh patch with the gradient mesh tool 3 or the direct selection tool 2 Do one of the following e In the Color palette select a color using the sliders or the color bar e In the Swatches palette select a swatch To add color to a mesh point or mesh patch by dragging and dropping Do one of the following e Drag a color from the Color palette directly over a mesh point or mesh patch and release the mouse button e Drag a swatch color from the Swatches palette directly over a mesh point or mesh patch and release the mouse button To add color to a mesh point or mesh patch with the paint bucket 1 Select the paint bucket tool 2 Click directly on a mesh point or a mesh patch The point or patch is colored with the current fill color ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 195 User Guide Blending shapes The Adobe Illustrator blend tool and the Make Blend command let you create a series of interme diate objects and colors between two or more selected objects You can blend between two open paths such as two different lines between two closed paths such as a circle and a square between gradients or between other blends Depending on the way you paint the objects you are blending you
31. oose Object gt Arrange gt Send to Back to make the box backmost in your artwork The bounding box helps you align the new tile 4 Select the tile and the bounding box 5 Use the rotate tool 4 to rotate the tile and its bounding box 180 degrees Pasted tile and tile rotated 180 6 Using the rotate tool Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS the lower left corner of the bounding box Enter a value of 90 degrees and click Copy to create a copy flush left of the first tile This tile becomes the corner tile 7 Using the selection tool drag the left tile down by the top right anchor point pressing Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS to make a copy and constrain the move so that you create a third tile beneath the second When the copy s upper right anchor point snaps to the corner tile s lower right anchor point release the mouse button and Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS You use the third copy for alignment Rotate 90 and copy left tile Then Alt drag Option drag corner tile to make copy beneath it 8 Select the artwork in the right tile Drag it to the left pressing Alt Shift Windows or Option Shift Mac OS so that the artwork overlaps that in the corner tile g ka Copy and move upper right tile over corner tile 9 Edit the corner tile so that its artwork lines up vertically and horizontally with the tiles next to it Select and delete any portions of the tile that yo
32. process color and another object painted with a spot color the blended shapes are painted with a blended process color If you blend between two different spot colors process colors are used to paint the intermediate steps If however you blend between tints of the same spot color the steps are all painted with percentages of the spot color e If you blend between two patterned objects the blended steps will only use the fill of the object on the topmost layer e The Adobe Illustrator program automatically calculates the number of steps in a blend unless you select Specify Steps in the Blend Options dialog box Creating blends You create blends in Illustrator by clicking objects with the blend tool or by selecting objects with a selection tool and using the Blend commands Multiple objects are clicked sequentially with the blend tool Objects are blended relative to selected anchor points on each blended object If the objects are unselected or if you have only one anchor point selected Illustrator automatically selects the two points from which the blend commences and finishes You can also select two or more anchor points from which to blend by clicking anchor points with the blend tool By selecting different anchor points on the objects you can create the effect of rotating the blend from one point in an object to a selected point in the next object ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 197 User Guide To create a
33. st the number of hatch elements applied to the selection drag the Density slider or enter values in the text box To intensify the effect click a gradation within the density adjustment bar Original hatch ae Low High sas value value faa Density Dispersion Rotation Scale Thickness Hatch concentration and direction 212 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns 6 To specify hatch uniformity or design character istics adjust sliders or enter values for Dispersion Thickness Scale or Rotation Enter an angle along which to apply the effect by entering a value from 360 to 360 in the text boxes Then drag the slider or enter values in the text boxes to specify a range as follows e Dispersion which controls the spacing of hatch elements ranges from 0 to 300 Thickness or stroke weight of the hatch elements ranges from 10 pts to 1000 pts This option is dimmed if the selection is unstroked e Scale which sets the size of the hatch elements ranges from 10 to 1000 e Rotation which sets the angle at which the hatch elements are applied ranges from 180 degrees to 180 degrees 7 Use the dial or text boxes to enter a value between 360 and 360 for effect variables as follows e Linear increases the effect progressively e Reflect varies the effect from the center of the object outward e Constant creates th
34. t Blends gt Reverse Spine The objects are ordered in reverse on the path qT Original and with Reverse Spine command applied ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 199 User Guide To reverse the stacking order of a blend on a path 1 Select the blend 2 Choose Object gt Blends gt Reverse Front to Back The objects are reversed in the stacking order on the path so that those objects on the frontmost stacking order are moved to the back of the stacking order and vice versa See Stacking objects on page 123 _ Original and with Reverse Front to Back command applied Editing blends You can move delete transform edit anchor points and Bezier curves or change colors on blends using any of the editing tools available in the Adobe Illustrator program When you edit a blend path the changes take place interactively while you work 200 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns Blending colors between filled objects The Blend filters create a series of intermediate colors from a group of three or more filled objects based on the objects vertical or horizontal orien tation or on their stacking order The filters do not affect strokes or unpainted objects See Stacking objects on page 123 Applying a Blend filter to objects painted using a mix of process and spot color or a mix of color models converts the color to CMYK Original and with
35. u do not want in the corner and edit the remaining art to create the final outer corner tile Pe Unneeded elements selected and deleted Final outer corner tile ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 207 User Guide 10 Select all of the tile including the bounding box 11 Save the new pattern following the procedure in Constructing simple patterns and defining patterns on page 201 12 Double click the new pattern swatch to bring up the Swatch Options dialog box name the tile as a variation of the original for example use the suffix outer and click OK To create an inner corner tile Do one of the following e If the side tile for the brush pattern is horizon tally symmetric that is if it looks the same when flipped top to bottom you can use the same tile for the inner corner tile as for the outer corner tile e If the side tile for the brush pattern is not horizontally symmetric follow the same steps as to create symmetrical corner tiles from a side tile but skip step 5 rotating the tile by 180 degrees 208 CHAPTER 8 Using Gradients Blends and Patterns Modifying patterns You can modify a pattern by editing the artwork and then replacing the old pattern in the Swatches palette with the new artwork If you replace an old pattern with a new pattern any new and existing objects painted with that pattern are painted with the new definition rather than with the old definition To modify an existing pattern
36. ur own hatched designs by drawing or selecting an object naming it as a hatch in the New Hatch dialog box and then applying it to artwork by using the Hatch Effects dialog box Try experimenting with applying different hatches to your artwork before creating your own Applying a hatch effect To apply a hatch effect to a selected object you choose a hatch setting and its associated hatch style modify the settings if desired and apply them through the Hatch Effects dialog box The Hatch Effects dialog box lets you adjust the hatch To fill an object with an existing ink pen hatch 1 Select the object you want to fill with a hatch 2 Choose Filter gt Pen and Ink gt Hatch Effects Hatch Effects Hatch Effect Angled lines gr _New _ _Delete_ Ce Hatch C Match object s Color O Keep Object s Fill Color Density 75 25 Dispersion 34 85 119 7 Linear O oe i Thickness 40pt__ 200pt Linear G or og Scale 40 soo linear G so o O Preview Rotation 135 constant 3 Fade None 4 G l ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 User Guide 3 Choose a hatch from the Hatch pop up menu and an effect from the Hatch Effect pop up menu 4 To improve the program s performance by turning off the hatch preview deselect the Preview option at the lower right of the dialog box 5 To adju
37. x In contrast brush patterns tile artwork within the bounding box and protruding from or grouped with it Constructing simple patterns and defining patterns To create a pattern you create artwork that you want to use as a pattern tile and then drag it to the Swatches palette To create a pattern 1 Create artwork for the pattern following Guidelines for constructing patterns on page 202 ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 8 0 201 User Guide 2 To make the pattern less complex so that it prints more rapidly remove any unnecessary detail from the pattern artwork and group objects that are painted with the same color so that they are adjacent in the stacking order 3 Optionally to control the spacing between pattern elements or to clip out portions of the pattern draw a pattern bounding box an unfilled rectangle around the artwork you want to use as a pattern Choose Object gt Arrange gt Send to Back to make the rectangle the backmost object To use the rectangle as a bounding box for a brush or fill pattern fill and stroke it with None 4 Use the selection tool to select the artwork and bounding box if any that will make up the pattern tile 5 Do one of the following e Choose Edit gt Define Pattern and enter a name in the New Swatch dialog box e Choose Window gt Show Swatches and then drag the artwork to the Swatches palette To name a pattern in the Swatches palette 1 Double click a pattern swatch
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