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Leica BuildMobile GPS/TPS USER MANUAL

1. Green horizontal bar indicates that the level difference lies within the tolerance limits that is the height of the staked point lies between tol height from the inclined plane and tol height from the inclined plane Red arrow pointing down indicates that the level is not within tolerance limits that is the height of the staked point is greater than tol height from the inclined plane it follows that to get the planned height you must proceed with an excavation as deep as the level difference shown Green arrow pointing up indicates that the level is not within tolerance limits that is the height of the staked point Is less than tol height from the inclined plane it follows that to get the planned height you must continue to with filling as high as the level difference shown such difference taken as an absolute value without the sign 05 33 43 LEM XPS Sight the targetthen press Shoot buttonto compute the height difference 0 002 IN TOLERANCE Target point s height is in tolerance 1 968 0 020 05 35 03 LEM XPS Sight the targetthen press Shoot buttonto compute the height difference L 0 024 HIGH The height is higher than reference height 1 995 0 020 05 35 55 LEM XPS Sight the targetthen press Shoot buttonto compute the height difference The height is lower than reference height 1 946 0 020 lbm ps _0039 The height of the instrument the height o
2. Separator specifies the character used to separate the data comma semi colon tab or space No of header rows to skip specify the number of lines to ignore at the beginning of the file These No of header rows to skip g 4 lines if present usually contain the description of the fields in a human readable format or other text that could prevent the data from being correctly imported After the format has been defined it can be verified SS Ss ee ee CANCEL if it is correct by pressing the 7ry to import button om xpe 0080 The procedure will try to read the file without importing the data into the memory thus it only reads the file to verify that the data is compatible with the C1 C8 definition A message will show the result of the operation Any field after the eighth one will be completely ignored To start the data import press the OK command or press Cance to cancel 59 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 5 4 Import from LandXML The procedure can import points and tacheometric MS ES of data stations and measurements from a standard Chone which daha NE LandXML file have to be imported from selected LandXml file To start the import select the following items in Paes sequence from the active Job menu nsert Project m Import Land XML F COGO points wa Select the LandXML file to import and confirm A dialogue window will request to specify which data ot En CANCEL to import fro
3. e The spatial coordinates processed by GPS are expressed with the X Y Z values which refer to a tri dimensional Cartesian system of coordinates whose origin is the centre of the earth the Z axis passes through the North Pole and the X Y plane coincides with the equatorial plane the ECEF Earth Centred Earth Fixed coordinates e The X Y Z spatial coordinates can be easily converted to or obtained from an equivalent values called latitude longitude and ellipsoidal height the geographic coordinates two angles and an height Zero of latitude X Y plane lbmxps_O066 In practice the geographic coordinates are preferred since they refer to a well defined tri dimensional geometric figure the reference ellipsoid The reference ellipsoid is a mathematical surface which is close to the geoid the true shape of the Earth A local reference system local plane or one or more national coordinate systems datums is used during surveys or while staking out from here on in the manual these systems will be called local system or local reference system and the coordinates expressed in these systems will be called local coordinates A point whose coordinates are expressed in a local system will be called a local point Additionally to take mixed surveys which are partly done with Total Station and partly with GPS it is very important that the GPS coordinates both ECEF and geographic can be transformed into the same local reference syste
4. lower the telescope with two arrows so as to reach the correct height In case the calculated height is correct within the tolerance indicated in the staking options the two arrows will be green For additional aid in the lower part of the dialogue window there are reminders of the planimetric stakeout state in particular e Reminder of the state of the horizontal angle in tolerance or less e Reminder of the state of the distance in tolerance or less 25 r when it has to be right CLca Geosystems 2 3 10 Reference plane stakeout TPS Staking out a reference plane consists of identifying the height of as many points as required to carry out excavations terrain levelling etc Given a reference plane the program enables the calculation of the height of any point you wish and of the difference between the calculated height and the planned height defined by the reference plane The selection of the planimetric position of the points on the ground is left completely free and hence it is not required that the station occupies a particular coordinate position Hilti 05 03 15 There are two possibilities to define the pp 2 reference plane e Horizontal plane It is enough to input the height of the instrument the reflector height and take a measurement to determine the relative height of the station with respect to a benchmark which defines the height of the reference plane e Inclined plane It is enough to input
5. In this list the meaning of the fields is shown in an abridged form by specifying two capital letters as per the following table e empty null e CS station point code number e DS station description e HS instrument height e NS north coordinate of the station point e ES east coordinate of the station point e ZS station point height e CP code number of the measured point e DP description of the measured point In the second page of the dialogue window the following can be specified e Separator option specify the character to be used to separate the data comma semi colon tab or Space Don t put texts in guotes option the text point codes numbers comments is automatically enclosed in double quotes check the option to not enclose the text within double quotes NP north coordinate of the measured point EP east coordinate of the measured point ZP measured point height HA horizontal angle azimuth VA vertical angle zenith SD slope distance HD horizontal distance ED height difference HP prism height QL plotted point quality known fixed or unknown calculated from tacheometry 12 21 21 z LEM XPS 6 AT Fielde Options Fields separator a Don t put texts in quotes lbm sps O10 Press the OK command to start the data export or press the Cance button to cancel 78 when it has to be right Seica Geosystems 2
6. TPS The principal line is a line defined between two points on the ground and used for staking using distance and offset and for staking fo place nails on batter boards The definition of the principal line involves the measurement of two points defined as point zero origin of the line and second point The second point defines the positive direction of the line the line is like the axis of abscissas of the Cartesian system of reference To start the definition of the principal line select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Stakeout Dist Ofs amp B Board Main Alignment LEM XPS two buttons Sight then shoot the alignments origin point point zero Then sight and shoot a point along the alignment The displayed dialogue window consists of 033153 a e The first button enables the measurement of point zero e The second button enables the measurement of the second point Data HD 6 884 HA 126 1267 Once the two points are measured the dialogue window is closed automatically showing the Dist Ofs amp Nail on B Board Stakeout menu in the first level to indicate the activation of the alignment for the two K CANCEL points that were just measured lbr sps _00 4 Data lt no shoots 20 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 3 6 Definition of the secondary line TPS The secondary line is a line which is parallel or perpendicular to the principal line and placed at a given
7. Wild TC500 Wild TC600 e Sokkia One way to drive most of the Ibm xps _O00S Sokkia instruments e Sokkia Two way alternative driver to be used only in case the previous driver does not work e Pentax PTS III PTS V PCS R300 series e Geotronics 400 mono directional e Geotronics 400 500 600 series e Trimble 5000 5000 servo series e Topcon GTS Topgun ET 1 2 e Nikon DTM 5 20 DTM 720 730 750 DTM A10 20 e Nikon 300 series e Spectra Focus 10 Focus 10 servo If you wish to insert the measurements by hand that is by entering the measurement values through the palmtop keypad the driver called Manual Input can be enabled While using this driver each time a measurement is taken a dialogue window will be shown for inserting the measurement data vertical angle horizontal angle slope distance and the height of the reflector if any The communication parameters must be indicated for all the drivers with the sole exception of the manual insertion driver See Configuration of the serial port TPS Once the configuration of the serial port is defined a communication test with the instrument can be carried out See Instrument test TPS 6 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 1 2 Configuration of the serial port TPS The communication between the palmtop and the instrument occurs through an RS232 Setup Test serial port with wire or through a virtual Instr ac Builder CSD serial port Bluetooth In both
8. press the C ose button Once the point has been acquired or on quitting the process the program will close the acquisition dialogue window and will reopen the main window with the CAD view OCCUPY pf Toos SETUP lbm sps _ 0016 In case the point has been confirmed with Store the program will show this point in the CAD view moving the frame of the dimensional plan to show the most recently acquired point at the center of the view The acquired point will be selected automatically so that it can be immediately deleted or its properties comment graphical symbol modified by using the specific commands buttons to the right of the graphical view 14 when it has to be right CLca Geosystems Automatic stop of the acquisition and 4 14 57 i a1 automatic storing of the point can be activated On pressing the Setup button the M Auto STOP program will show a dialogue window to stop if CQ lt 10 05 m Min cccupy time gt 5 5 LBM XPS 2 define the necessary parameters e Auto STOP if this option is activated the acquisition of the coordinates will Auto STORE stop automatically once it reaches a CQ which is less than or equal to the indicated one field Stop f CQ lt but only if the occupation period of the point is greater than the minimum j CANCEL occupation period indicated field Min lbm xpe _0017 occupy time gt e Auto STORE If this option is activated after acquiring the coordinates
9. the height of the instrument the reflector height and take three lom xps _0031 measurements towards three benchmarks which define the heights of the reference plane Before proceeding to the stakeout 1 or 3 reference points must have been identified on the terrain The relative three dimensional coordinates of these points from the station define the parameters which the program will use to calculate the reference plane To access the plotting of a reference plane select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Stakeout Elevation by Plane Then select the type of plane you wish to stakeout from the menu displayed whether a horizontal plane item Horiz Plane by I Point or an inclined plane item Plane by 3 Points 26 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 3 11 Horizontal reference plane stakeout Before proceeding ensure that you have identified the position of the reference point on the terrain which defines the height of the horizontal plane to be staked out If this reference point does not exist you cannot proceed to the staking To access the stakeout of a horizontal reference plane select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Stakeout Elevation by Plane Horiz Plane by 1 Point i i i 05 13 46 The program will show a dialogue window where pres E the following must be inserted Enter the required heights and the stakeouttolerance Net e the height of the instrument fiel
10. univocal point code number to associate with the station and the point to be occupied The procedure automatically generates a univocal point code number which can be modified Specify the height of the instrument if the height of the station must be calculated In this case the existing points which will be measured must also have height values Leave the field empty if the height need not be calculated Press the CONT button to proceed Selection and measurement of the existing points the second dialogue window displayed requires that the points used to calculate the station coordinates be specified Use the Add button to add points to be measured and the Remove button to remove the point selected from the added ones After defining at least two existing points press the Start measuring button to enter the measurement phase 1 New pt code 300 Instr height ae CONTINUE CANCEL lbm sps OOS 6 641 7 956 0 240 no shoot 3 898 4 811 0 200 no shoot 0 230 0 260 0 200 lt no shoot 208 3 330 0 130 no shoot lt BACK CONTINUE lbm sps OOS when it has to be right Seica Geosystems e A dialogue window will enable all the measurements towards the selected points Point 100 done Using the drop down list select the points Remark and perform all the individual measurements Press the Store and Select next Point button to store the individual measur
11. Geosystems 2 6 2 Field book The Fie d book contains the list of stations used in the survey phase and the measurements carried out for each station In em fact the application does not simply calculate CM 1 53 the coordinates of the measured points to be 2 C M 1 451 0 000 later inserted into the Point List but iit remembers the sequence of the stations and the measurements used to recalculate the coordinates By modifying any one of the 1001 BORDE 17465280 89 38 data in the f e d book for example modifying 3 1002 BORDE 28 0168 97 0243 an instrument height in a station the inna BORDE 22 OS SANHI complete Fie d book will be recalculated and the coordinates of the points will be modified accordingly br xps_0086 To access the Fie d book select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Data Tables Field Book The application will show a dialogue window which contains two tables and a menu The two tables are linked to each other the first table above shows a list of all the stations carried out in chronological order while the second table below shows all the measurements taken by the station selected in the first table The following is shown for each station station index station point code number comment associated with the point instrument height point coordinates point type known fixed or unknown calculated The following is shown for each measurement measurement ind
12. cases the application must be configured so that it uses Port Speed comi 19200 the same communication parameters set on DB P SB B NONE 1 l the Total Station instrument Protocol IKON XOFF Generally COM1 is the wired serial port while Timen ios the virtual serial port Bluetooth is either COM6 or COM7 COM4 can be associated with Recall default parameters a GPS device The COM8 port in the Leica RX900 and RX1250 controllers is used to communicate with the Leica SmartWorx GPS software lom xps OO02 The parameter called 7 meout indicates how long the application must wait until the instrument takes the measurement and sends the data to the palmtop through the serial port It is the maximum time after which the application signals a timeout or time expired error In case the application always gives a timeout error it is possible that the maximum time set is very low normally 10 sec is enough or the communication parameters are wrong or the wire is defective or the instrument is not enabled for serial communication or is busy with some other operation See also Instrument test TPS 2 1 3 Instrument test TPS Before proceeding to test the instrument it is best to verify that the serial communication parameters are correct It is not possible to execute the DU 14 26 test If the Manual Input driver is enabled LENS Setup Test Before starting the test configure the Total Press Start
13. direction to hant 2 000 follow in order to come close to the point to be BACK 5 272 staked out hence the operator needs only to is 1 186 follow the instructions shown on the screen taking due LE care not to stop otherwise the program cannot oe 0 000 calculate the direction of the point to be staked out precisely the longer the operator waits the START NEAR RvRS CONFIG Quit PAGE less reliable the precision of the information Biss loots 06 06 53 LEM XPS e TO SUN The sun position The program can calculate the position of the sun using the current 100 latitude and longitude using this position and the h Ant 2 000 coordinates of the point to be staked out the FR un i RGHT 5 655 program calculates the movement directions the ae ue operator must look towards the direction of the co sun and follow the movement directions given by 3DC0 0 020m the program lhm sps _0046 The operator can turn around at any time for example to avoid exposing the controller display directly at the sun light to avoid the risk of looking at the blinding sun or to use his own shadow as an indication of the sun direction In this case the program must be informed by pressing the BACK 0 337 RVRS button The program will display the movement directions considering that the operator is now turned around for example in the mode referring to the sun direction the icon of the sun will be moved in
14. lom xps OOS2 Point code 200 Remark ST East x 0 000 North Y 0 000 Elevation b 000 Orient and or compute stn height CANCEL lbm xps OOS3 39 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems East X and North Y coordinates to be assigned to the point station mandatory Elevation Z height of the point station required only if altimetric surveys are carried out If you do not wish to orientate the station and or calculate its height with respect to a benchmark the station set up Operation can be terminated otherwise read further Press the OK command to confirm the non orientated station set up or press Cance to avoid setting up the station 2 4 2 Orienting the local station and calculating the height The station can be oriented by measuring a 06 4405 8 previously determined reference point on the ini ground the coordinates of this point need i Orientto point Backsight not be known Additionally the height of the i Set HA 0 Station can be calculated by measuring a previously determined reference point on the HA 13 3925 ground whose height is known usually a fixed Compute st elevation point used as altimetric reference for all the Ne Ref elevation 0 0 Surveys conducted in the area DO MEASURE If you wish to orientate the station and or Stelevation 0 400 calculate its height press the Orient and or compute stn height The application will show ee CANCEL a dialogue window whi
15. not considered in the calculations To start the definition of the reference system through GPS resection select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Reference System GPS Resection The application will show the GPS Resection Begin dialogue window for the definition of the following 52 e when it has to be right CLca Geosystems e Name name or description of the operation a La 41 e GPS pts from origin of the GPS coordinates GPS RESECTION BEGIN to be paired with the local coordinates of the reference points used in the calculation the following possibilities are considered GPS pts from lt Real Time gt o lt From this Job the GPS coordinates ee From this job gt corresponding to the local points have already been acquired and saved in M Write resection results to file the active job File MyStegr A o Real Time the GPS coordinates corresponding to the reference points are not available and will be acquired through GPS measurements o lt From file gt the GPS coordinates corresponding to the reference points have already been acquired and stored in another job which will be specified selecting this option is equivalent to pressing the button immediately to the right of the GPS pts from list e Local pts from the origin of the local coordinates to be paired with the GPS coordinates of the reference points used in the calculation the following possibilities are consid
16. out or press the MEAR button to request the automatic selection of the closest point CANCEL lbm sps 0057 If the staking precision verification options are disabled or the absolute errors of the just staked point coordinates are within tolerance limits the operator has the same options as above plus the option to store the staked point The store command is disabled if in the configuration phase the operator has specified that he does not want the staked out points to be memorized 37 e when it has to be right CACA Geosystems To proceed with the storing of the staked point e Specify the point code number to be assigned to the staked point in the Store D field the program automatically suggests the same point code number as the planned point e Press the S7ORE button e If the point code number is already present in the destination job the program will request a confirmation before overwriting It If the option to automatically suggest the next point to be staked out Is active the program will automatically suggest the point that is closest to the point which has just been stored otherwise the operator must manually select another point to be staked out or press the WEAR button to request the automatic selection of the closest point To exit the stakeout program press the QU 7 button and input Yes on the request to confirm the exit 38 a when it has to be right AACA Geosystems 2 4 Station setup TPS
17. stored in the current job since the coordinates of the planned points are stored in a job on an external file they are not changed Store the points in an external job activate the list called Store Job and select the lt File gt item Alternately press the button to the immediate right of the list The program will display a dialogue window which shows the list of all the jobs stored on the controller Select the desired job and confirm remember that O if the planned points source file corresponds to the destination job then the final coordinates of the plotted points will substitute the planned coordinates if the planned points source file does not correspond to the destination job then the final coordinates of the staked points will be stored in new points created automatically by the program and stored in the specified external job since the coordinates of the planned points are stored in the active job or in a different job file they are not changed when it has to be right CLca Geosystems e Not store the points it is the default option the points that are already staked are not stored virtually losing any possibility of demonstrating that the final coordinates of the staked points are correct and or lie within the precision parameters requested by the client Modify the reference system the reference system of coordinates to be used in the stakeout phase can be specified in the program e WGS
18. which will list all the points for which the GPS coordinates have already been acquired through measurement If the user has pressed the Occupy button the program will activate the acquisition phase and will show the following continuously on screen the number of readings taken the 3D CQ value and the current coordinates When the 3D CQ value quality of the coordinates gives the estimated error of the current GPS position in meters rests at a value which is not very high typically 1 2 centimeters or millimeters press the Sfop command displayed in the place of the Occupy command during the acquisition phase 10 56 28 By LBM XFS Readings 70 3D CQ 0 075m Lat 039 00 01 6380 N Lon 009 00 03 6960 E Height 3 590 If the GPS could calculate the geographical coordinates latitude and longitude the Store command will show instead of the Stop command Press the Store button to save the acquired point the acquired GPS coordinates will be paired with 54 the local coordinates of the same point in fact creating a point with double coordinates The acquisition can be re executed by pressing the Reset button and then pressing the Occupy button which will be displayed instead of the Store command Alternatively if the acquisition must be abandoned then press the C ose button Readings 4 3D CQ 0 079m Lat 039 00 01 6380 N Lon 009 00 03 6960 E Height 3 590 lbm xps OOS C when it has to be rig
19. 2 3 2 Stakeout using distance and offset and Placing of nails on batter boards TPS Stakeout using distance and offset and stakeout to place nails on batter boards uses a defined line on the ground principal line as reference and a second line which is parallel or perpendicular to the first line only to place the nails on the batter board Two points which have already been CE identified are necessary to define the principal line the coordinates of these points need not be known since the calculations for the plotting are always relative to the line and completely independent of the other points acquired and existing in the Pornt List For further details on stakeout see e Stakeout by distance and offset e Placing of nails on batter boards lbm sps O02 17 e when it has to be right AACA Geosystems 2 3 3 Plotting using distance and perpendicular TPS Stakeout by distance and offset consists of calculating the position of the point to be plotted expressed as two distances relative to the reference line the first distance is along the line distance X while the other is perpendicular to the line distance Y The distance along the line is in reference to its point Zero and this being the first point measured in the definition of the line This distance will be positive if the point to be staked out Is situated beyond the zero point and towards the second point on the line Conversely the distance will be negati
20. 8 4 Export the Field book to LandXML The Fie d book can be exported into a text file in LandXML format To start the export select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Data Export Export LandXML Specify the name of the destination file and confirm There are no export options and the data is organized as per the LandXML version 1 1 standard In brief e All the points in the Po nt List are exported in a CgPoints type group having CgPo nt type elements each corresponding to a point with the point code number comment east and north coordinates and height if it is known e All the tacheometric stations in the F e d book are exported as nstrumentSetup type elements and the corresponding measurements are exported in ObservationGroup type groups containing RawObservation type elements with data in the HA VA and SD format To read the file generated in this manner an application must be used to import the LandXML the text Is encoded in UTF 8 standard The generated file even if it is plain text has a complex structure and the user must not operate on it using a text editor 2 8 5 Export the Field book to GSI The Fie d book can be exported into a text file in GSI 16 format To start the export select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Data Export Export As Raw REC Specify the name of the destination file and confirm A line is created for each tacheometric station with e WI 11 poin
21. 8 amp 4 uses the geographic coordinates latitude longitude and ellipsoidal height the planned points coordinates must be expressed in the same reference system planned points that have only local map coordinates cannot be staked out e he same system used in the source job of the planned points considering that the source job file can be either the active job or a stored external job the parameters of this system are read from the source file and used in the staking phase this means that the source job contains an active reference system calculated with the proper functions see Definition of the GPS Reference System the planned points cannot be staked out if the source file does not contain the definition of a reference system e Reference system from a GRR file the program allows to store the parameters that define a reference system in a GRR file and this file can be loaded onto a new Job to carry out a survey or specified in the staking phase See Definition of the GPS Reference System in both cases a pre calculated reference system of coordinates is used When the configuration options mentioned above are set press the CONT button to continue or press the Cance button to exit from the stakeout program 33 gt when it has to be right AACA Geosystems 2 3 15 GPS Stakeout Orientation and Verifications RU 4 The definition of the reference orientation and the 2e Orientate To Sun verification of the qua
22. Base entity field or alternately press the button to the right of the field to directly select the figure from CAD Specify the orthogonal distance to be maintained between the sides of the given figure and the parallel figure in the Distance field Specify where to place the parallel figure with ps L a1 regards to the given figure Base entity e if the figure is a line or poly line Distance awo open either the 7o right or the To Oe left option Shrink To right e if the figure is a polygon closed poly Expand To left line specify if a reduction SArink ine specify if a reduction Shrink or Repeat r enlargement Expand must be performed Delta Z 10 000 Then in the Repeat field specify the number of times the parallel figure calculation must be executed if a value greater than one is lom xps OOS specified the figure undergoing the parallel calculation will be the result of the previous calculation In short a figure parallel to a given figure can be calculated then the figure parallel to the calculated parallel figure and so on Indicate the level difference to be applied to the resulting parallel figure in the De ta Z field The level difference will be applied to each vertex of the parallel figure the vertices will initially have the same height as the vertices of the given figure Press the OK command to proceed with the calculation or press the Cance button to end the operation After
23. Leica BuildMobile GPS TPS lori gps _0101 lbm gps OO08 USER MANUAL Version 1 5 41 2010 DocLBMALLMCO8 2010 Geosystems End User Licence Agreement EULA You have purchased a software package distributed by Leica licensed and developed by Leonardo Software House Srl LSH The software developed by LSH includes software parts developed by Microsoft Corporation MS under licensing agreement In turn software developed by MS uses or may use software parts developed by third parties under licensing The software developed by LSH the software parts developed by MS and the sub components developed by third parties and licensed to MS including any associated supports printed matter and online or electronic documentation SOFTWARE are protected under law and by international treaties on intellectual property The SOFTWARE is licensed and not sold All rights are reserved IF THIS LICENSE CONTRACT IS NOT ACCEPTED BY THE FINAL USER THE SOFTWARE CANNOT BE INSTALLED USED OR COPIED IN THIS CASE CONTACT Leica IMMEDIATELY FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO RETURN THE SOFTWARE AND GET A REFUND ANY USE OF THE SOFTWARE INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS USE IN DEVICES CONTROLLER PALMTOPS OR PC ENTAILS THE ACCEPTANCE OF THIS LICENSING CONTRACT OR THE RATIFICATION OF A PREVIOUS APPROVAL SOFTWARE LICENSING AGREEMENT This licensing contract with the final user consists of the following e Limitations on compatible device
24. OMPUTE ae Horizontal distance 1960 594 Specify the code number of the first point in the Slope distance 1960 600 Point 1 field then specify the code number of the Height difference 4 733 second point in the Point 2 field Slope 0 24 To specify the points a selection can be made from CAD by pressing the first button to the right of each lor xpe 0097 field A point can also be selected from the Point List by pressing the second button to the right of each field Press the Ca c button to perform the calculation The application will show the horizontal distance and if it can be calculated the slope distance between the two points and the slope in percentage level difference and slope are calculated by taking point 1 as the pole Press the Close command to return to the COGO menu 70 e when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 7 7 Calculation of the parallel figure offset A figure can be created parallel to a given figure already present in the CAD for example e asegment parallel to a given segment e a poly line side by side to a given poly line e enlargement reduction of a given perimeter that is of a closed polygon To start the command to calculate the parallel figures select the following items in sequence from the active job menu COGO Offset The application will show a dialogue window to input the data necessary for the calculation Specify the code number of the figure to offset in the
25. S property page of the point then its coordinates will not vary but the orientation of the station can vary due to the automatic use of the known point as orientation If on the other hand the point has tacheometry calculated coordinates since it is referenced from at least another measurement of those present in the F e d book then its coordinates can vary due to the hyper determination which will lead to the calculation of the average of the coordinates obtained by each measurement towards this point Delete a measurement select a station from the list then select the measurement to be deleted Select the MSR command a new series of commands will appear press DEL MSR The application will request a confirmation of the operation and then will delete the measurement The deletion of a measurement will lead to the recalculation of the F e d book The point referenced by the measurement will not be deleted however its coordinates may change on account of the measurements taken towards the same point by other stations or in case of hyper determined points the coordinates assigned are the average of the coordinates obtained by each measurement towards these points 64 e when it has to be right CLca Geosystems 2 7 COGO Calculations lbm sps OO89 11 29 49 LEM PS 1 F 7 i 2 e d a A POINTS OFFSET e POINTS ANCE lbm sps _0040 65 2 when it has to be right CLca Geosystems 2 7 2 Creati
26. T FILL The arrow showing the direction vanishes and a schematic design of the rover pole with antenna appears in its place inside the circular indicator so that it gives an overview of the distance of the rover from the point Du SE TESE START NEAR RVRS CONFIG QUIT PAGE obese start wear rves coric quit Pace lbm sp OO49 D Ht SO 0 020m In the lower part the diameter of the circular area appears this diameter is automatically updated and can assume the following values based on the distance of the rover from the point to be staked 0 25m 0 5m 1 0m 2 5m 5 0m The movement directions FORW BACK and RIGHT LEFT refer to the active orientation system that is the operator must in any case continue to follow these directions always looking towards the reference direction selected using the configuration dialogue which can be accessed by pressing the CONFIG button If the corresponding option has been activated the option can be accessed by pressing the CONFIG button Checks page option Beep near point the program will emit an acoustic signal repetitive as soon as the operator brings the rover within a range less than or equal to the set maximum range from the point to be staked out The emission of the acoustic signal terminates as soon as the operator distances the rover from the point to be staked out beyond the maximum distance set Having reached the point to be staked out or when the values of t
27. a vertex on the figure perimeter 12 e when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 7 9 Calculation of the distance and perpendicular offset The distance and perpendicular offset of a point es with respect to an alignment can be calculated To start the command to calculate the distance and perpendicular offset select the following items in sequence from the active Job menu COGO Distance Offset The application will show a dialogue window to input the data The dialogue window will show the map In a small CAD The CAD has several tools buttons to the right to perform pan zoom defining the alignment orn xpe 0100 and indicating the point for which the perpendicular must be calculated The table below gives a brief description of each tool Pan Tap and drag to move the map Zoom in Tap to enlarge Zoom out Tap to reduce Zoom window Tap and drag to define the rectangular area to enlarge Zoom to fit Show the entire map Define the pole of the alignment Tap on a point to select it Define the orientation of the alignment Tap on a point to select it Point for which the distances have to be computed Tap on a point to select it To define the reference alignment pole PI gt orientation P2 use the PI and P2 buttons Then press P to specify the point for which to calculate the distance and the perpendicular offset with respect to the given alignment The distance is calculated along the alignment starting from
28. abscissas oriented in the West East direction a meridian of the WGS84 ellipsoid The origin of the coordinates can be varied by modifying the automatically suggested values or by instructing the program to use the coordinates of a point that is already inserted in the Point List one which has valid local coordinates The local system defined in this manner cannot be used to stakeout points having coordinates computed by another local reference system even if the other reference system was calculated using the same procedure On the other hand the following can be done e Stakeout points in WGS84 coordinates e Stakeout points in local coordinates if these were previously acquired using the same reference system e Stakeout points in local coordinates obtained through COGO calculations on points acquired previously using the same reference system To start the definition of the local system from a point select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Reference System 1Pt GPS Resection The application will show the dialogue window Measure Base Point for the insertion of the data necessary for the calculation 10 45 02 LEM XPS NEPE AEASURE BASE POIR e Point id to be inserted only in case the east north MEASURE BASE POINT and height coordinates must be copied from a Pointid Jez point present in the Point List in this case enter Ant height 2 000 the point code number or press the button
29. arate the data fields comma semi colon tab or space e Don t put texts in quotes option the text point code number comments IS automatically enclosed in double quotes check the option to not enclose the text within double quotes Press the OK command to start the data export or press the Cance button to cancel T1 14 18 24 LEM XPS Fields Cptions Field separator p Don t put texts in quotes CANCEL lbm sps O108 when it has to be right feica Geosystems 2 8 3 Export the Field book to CSV The Fie d book can be exported into a text file in CSV format To start the export select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Data Export Export Fieldbook Specify the name of the destination file and confirm NS ST NORTH ES ST EAST X M Recall predefined layout The program will show a dialogue window to specify the export parameters that is to fix the order of fields for writing the data into the file The parameters required to define the format are given below CS HS CP DP AP HA VA SD EP NP ZP OL CANCEL lbm sps _0106 Field description specify the order and the meaning of the fields by selecting an item from the list to the left and then press the gt key to add it to the list to the right The procedure suggests a group of predefined formats layouts which can be activated from a drop down list placed in the lower part of the dialogue window
30. ard security must inform all the operators of the existent dangers Trademarks 2 m when it has to be right CLca Geosystems Index 1 Introduction to Leica BuildMobile 1 3 Leica BuildMobile XPS available for Italy only 2 Leica BuildMobile 2 1 Configuration 2 1 6 Instrument test GPS 2 1 7 Define number formats 2 1 8 Configure automatic data saving Survey 2 3 Stakeout 2 3 9 List of points to be staked out and staking commands 2 3 10 Reference plane stakeout TPS 2 3 11 Horizontal reference plane stakeout 2 3 12 Inclined reference plane stakeout 2 3 13 Stakeout with GPS 2 3 14 GPS Stakeout Configuration 2 3 15 GPS Stakeout Orientation and Verifications 2 4 Station setup TPS when it has to be right Seica Geosystems 2 5 Project insertion 2 6 Data tables 2 7 COGO Calculations 2 8 Data exporting D when it has to be right Cca Geosystems 1 Introduction to Leica BuildMobile ree versions TPS GPS and XPS Leica BuildMobile is available in three versions e Leica BuildMobile TPS e Leica BuildMobile GPS e Leica BuildMobile XPS available for Italy only The three versions are differentiated based on the type of controller palmtop on which they can be installed and based on the type of instrumentation supported 1 1 Leica BuildMobile TPS The TPS version can be installed on Leica DX10 palmtops or a compatible palmtop with the Microsoft R Windows Mobile
31. asured point with respect to the horizontal reference plane and a coloured graphical indicator to the left of the screen e Green horizontal bar indicates that 05 16 55 E the level difference lies within the se E 2 sus Sight the targetthen press Shoot buttonto compute the height tolerance limits that is the height of difference the staked point lies between tol height of the plane and tol SHOOT height of the plane 0 002 S IN TOLERANCE Target point s height is in tolerance 1 571 0 020 lbm sps OOSS 27 e when it has to be right Cica Geosystems Red arrow pointing down indicates that the level is not within tolerance limits that is the height of the staked point is greater than tol height of the plane it follows that to get the planned height you must proceed with an excavation as deep as the level difference shown Green arrow pointing up indicates that the level is not within tolerance limits or that the height of the staked point is less than tol height of the plane it follows that to get the planned height you must proceed with a filling as high as the level difference shown such difference taken as an absolute value without the sign 06 21 58 LBM XPS Sight the targetthen press Shoot buttonto compute the height difference 0 157 HIGH The height is higher than reference height 1 571 0 020 CLOSE Sight the targetthen press Shoot buttonto compute
32. at is to use an slope distance enter the Advanced page and deactivate the Use planimetric distances option Press the OK command to start the calculation or the Cancel command to exit without creating points At the end of the calculations the application will show a message with the number of new points created and If it is the case the number of points that have not been created because they already exist in the CAD points which would be overlapped by other points having identical coordinates 67 e when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 7 4 Creation of points by polar coordinates New points can be created by specifying a distance ine A with respect toa pole and an angle with respect to Pole point 1623 an alignment that is by specifying a polar measure Direction point 1004 To start the command to calculate the new points Distance 10 0 by polar coordinates select the following items in Angle 500 sequence from the active Job menu COGO Create Height OO Points By Polar Coords The application will show a ae dialogue window to input the data W Use poles height Specify the code number of the point to be used as i E CANCEL the pole in the Po e point field then specify the Em xp 0095 code number of the point to be used to define the reference alignment for the angle in the Direction point field The alignment is always considered as passing through the pole To specify the base points a selecti
33. atically and the coordinates are those obtained from the calculation of the intersection Confirm the data to create the point 2 7 3 Creation of points from graphical entities New points can be created using an existing CAD rs entity as reference By properly operating on certain simple parameters it will be possible to create new Le NET points on the vertices of the entity a point in the bad centre of the entity or a group of points placed at Morte Bp tes constant distances along the entity or so many as to M Intermediate e Step 2 5 divide the entity in equal parts Divisions Interpolate height from entity To start the command to calculate the new points s To from a graphical entity select the following items in sequence from the active job menu COGO Create CANCEL Points From Graph Entity The application will show bm eps 00 a dialogue window to input the data 66 gt when it has to be right AACA Geosystems Specify the reference graphical entity by writing its code number in the Base entity field or select the entity from the CAD by pressing the button placed immediately to the right of the field Specify tf new points must be created along the vertices and or the centre barycentre of the graphical entity Also specify by marking the ntermediate option if intermediary new points must be created along the perimeter of the graphical entity The new intermediary points can be placed so that their di
34. be used as lor pe 0055 the pole in the Pole point field then specify the code number of the point to be used to define the reference alignment in the Direction point field The alignment is always considered as passing through the pole To specify the base points a selection can be made from CAD by pressing the first button to the right of each field A point can also be selected from the Point List by pressing the second button to the right of each field Specify the planimetric distance from the pole and the planimetric distance with respect to the alignment positive towards the left of the alignment negative towards the right The height of the new point is automatically set to the pole height To set the height to a particular value deactivate the Use pole s height option and then enter the new height in the HevgAt field Press OX to start the calculation The application will show a dialogue window to input the data of the new point the code Is suggested automatically and the coordinates are those obtained from the calculation Confirm the data to create the point 69 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 7 6 Calculation of the distance between two points To start the command to calculate the distance many A between two points select the following items from Point 1 023 the active job menu COGO Points Distance The application will Show a dialogue window to input the Point 2 26 data C
35. buttonto take atestshot using the selected Station instrument and enable it to take a instrument measurement for non prismless instruments Phase 1 accessing serial port then press the Start button Phase 1 ok serial port has been opened Phase 2 trying to communicate with the instrument Phase eror could not communicate with the instrument Messages indicating the test progress will be shown in the space under the Start button If the test is successful the measurement data will be shown In case the test is not CANCEL Successful one or more error messages will Emxps vos be shown 7 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 1 4 Configure and test the GPS instrument The application has been designed to manage and support only the Leica GPS900 instruments On these devices It is 1 oe al ru FF mandatory to run the Leica SmartWorx T ti software before Leica BuildMobile 1 l 1 banga or sas Leica BuildMobile and the GPS communicate through a virtual serial port created by the SmartWorx software In order for the communication to take place the communication parameters must be indicated See Configuration of the serial port GPS Er xps 0010 Once the configuration of the serial port is defined a communication test with the instrument can be carried out See Instrument test GPS 2 1 5 Configuration of the serial port GPS Leica BuildMobile and the GPS communicate through a vi
36. calculating the parallel figure the program will automatically open the CAD from where the result of the operation can be verified or delete the entity just created in case the result is not the expected one on account of wrong calculation parameters 71 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 7 8 Calculation of the area and perimeter of a closed figure The area and perimeter of a closed figure can be ne a H calculated by specifying the vertices of the perimeter To start the command to calculate the area and perimeter select the following items in sequence from the active job menu COGO Area Perimeter The application will show a dialogue window to input the data The dialogue window will show the map in a small CAD The CAD has several tools buttons to the ibm xpe 0058 right to perform pan zoom selecting and deselecting the figure vertices The table below gives a brief description of each tool Pan Tap and drag to move the map Zoom in Tap to enlarge Zoom out Tap to reduce Zoom window Tap and drag to define the rectangular area to enlarge Zoom to fit Show the entire map Select a vertex Tap on a point to select it Unselect a vertex Tap on a point to deselect it Esc Restarts the selection of the figure vertices The specifications of the area and the perimeter of the figure are shown immediately below the CAD view These values are automatically updated upon every selection de selection of
37. cceptable distance between the measured point and the planned point Code 100 C 101 102 103 104 105 LS North 7 956 4 811 0 260 0 093 0 201 0 240 a East x 6 641 3 098 0 250 0 505 0 314 0 402 T gt From CAD All None ret Te lbm sps OOS The altimetric tolerance that is the maximum acceptable height difference between the measured point and the planned point If you wish you can create a report file using the Create report file option which will report the planned coordinates the staked out coordinates and their difference for each stake out point By flagging the Append to existing file option the stakeout data will be added at the end of the file indicated otherwise the file will be deleted and recreated For stakeout that Is solely planimetric the height of the reflector is not required however the indication of the altimetric tolerance is necessary even if it is ignored in the stakeout phase Target height 2 0 Plammetnc tolerance 0 010 Altimetric tolerance 0 010 Automatic distance shots i Create a report file File C StorageCard LBMGPS Stk Log bet if Append to existing file CANCEL lbm sps OO2S The Automatic distance shots option enables the automatic repetition of the measurements The repetition occurs at regular intervals but not before the operator has pressed the MEAS button at least once To confirm the data and proceed to t
38. ch enables the two orn ps D054 operations to be executed To orient the station activate the Orient to point Backsight option aim at the orientation point and then press the Do measure button the button on top to acquire the angle If you wish to force the angle to zero in the direction of the orientation point press the Set HA 0 button after aiming at that point To calculate the station height with a known reference point height activate the Compute st elevation option insert the height of the point in the Ref elevation field aim at the reference point and then press the Do measure button button at the bottom The program will calculate and display the height of the station obtained by the measurement To allow the calculation of the height the instrument height previous dialogue window and the reflector height requested later by the program must have been specified To confirm the station set up press the OK command or press Cance to cancel 40 gt when it has to be right eca Geosystems 2 4 3 Station on an existing point or Next traverse station TPS A station on an existing point or next traverse station is set up in one of the following cases 1 A Survey is being carried out and the station is to be set up on a point surveyed by a preceding station then orienting the instrument towards such preceding station point or towards a point measured by such preceding station 2 The station is to be placed on an
39. cipal reference line and a secondary line parallel or perpendicular to the principal line passing perpendicularly through the batter boards By measuring the position of the prism placed on the batter board one or more times the program indicates the distance of the measured point from the point of intersection between the imaginary axis passing through the batter board and the secondary line This point of intersection is where the nail must be placed To define the reference lines see e Definition of the principal line e Definition of the secondary line To start the staking out of nails on the batter boards select the following items in sequence from the active Job menu Sfakeout Dist Ofs amp B Board Nail on B Board The stakeout dialogue window features Sightthe targeton the batter board thenpress Shoot buttonto e A button to start measurement on compute the movements top measured point from the point in which the nail must be placed 44 935 distance along the imaginary axis passing through the batter board in the center e A schematic display of the batter board and the position of the measured point with respect to the batter board and the position in br xps_O0Z3 which to place the nail at the bottom The LEFT and RIGHT textual messages are n reference to the instrument handler s point of view 19 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 3 5 Definition of the principal line
40. d heigh t measure the heightof the reference control point e the reflector height field 7gt height e the staking tolerance field Height tolerance Lheight 0 000 Tat height 0 000 Height tolerance 0 020 The staking tolerance indicates the maximum Referenceheight 571 difference in height that can exist between the staked out and planned the height of the CLICK HERE TO SHOOT horizontal plane points for the point to be considered correctly identified on the terrain STET CANCEL Once the required values have been input you can bm xpe 0032 proceed to measure the reference point which defines the height of the plane Aim the instrument at the reference point and then press the C ck here to shoot button The program will calculate and display the relative height of the reference point with respect to the station assumed at height zero this value indicates the level difference between the station and the reference point and will be used to calculate the reference plane To proceed with the stakeout press the OK command or press Cance to terminate the operation The field survey assistant is free to move around to any point in the area to be staked out For each point selected the operator in charge of the program and the total station starts the measurement by pressing the SHOOT or MEAS button after having aimed at the new reflector position On each measurement the program will show the level difference of the me
41. distance from the principal line point zero perpendicular secondary line or at a given distance from the principal line parallel secondary line Both the lines are used to stake the position of the nails on the batter boards To start the definition of the secondary line select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Stakeout Dist Ofs amp B Board Secondary Alignment gt i 4 35 49 The displayed dialogue window consists of pees i e A list to select the type disposition Enter alignment type of the alignment with respect to the Perpendicular principal line that is to indicate whether the secondary line will be Distance from point zero parallel or perpendicular to the 10 000 principal line r PE e A box to enter the wanted distance lt gt The significance of the distance varies based on the disposition of the line with respect to Ok CANCEL the principal line br xps_O025 Parallel alignment The value inserted determines the distance between the two lines The sign indicates the part of the principal line the secondary line must lie in taking the principal orientation from point zero to the second point A negative value indicates to the right and a positive value indicates to the left Perpendicular alignment The value inserted determines the distance of the intersection point of the two lines from point zero origin of the principal
42. e procedure depends on the number of graphical entities imported 58 when it has to be right Cca Geosystems 2 5 3 Importing points from a text file The procedure allows lists of points to be imported Hadi 6 H from text files even if they have different formats Fields Options Fiz c CODE FS5 D DESCRIPTI To start the import select the following items in FEES F6 fi IGNORE sequence from the active job menu nsert Project mae Import Pts XYZ CSV eg NORTH AT a eg IGNORE FailZ ELEVATION F amp I IGNORE Select the text file to import and confirm Recall predefined layout A dialogue window will request that the format of C E N Z D El the data in the file be specified The parameters CANCEL required for the definition of the format are given brm xps_007 4 below Fields specify the content of the fields up to 8 fields from C1 to C8 Each field can be associated with a type of content that the application supports gnore ignore the data point code number point description north coordinate east coordinate height The procedure suggests a predefined group of formats which can be activated from a drop down list Situated on the lower part of the dialogue window In this list the content of the field is abridged by displaying only the first letter as given in the table below ignore skip point code description east coordinate north coordinate height OMAN Hott 6
43. e two Jobs specified After having determined by searching for the point code number the local and GPS coordinate pairs corresponding to the same point on the ground the program will show the Step 2 Match Points dialogue window which lists these pairs See further 53 e when it has to be right CLca Geosystems If it is specified that the GPS coordinates be acquired in real time the GPS pts from option is set on Real Time gt Ge ae The program will show the Step 1 Measure STEP 1 MEASURE CONTROL PT Control Pt dialogue window this window is Control ptid w shown every time the measurement must be Ant height 2 000 taken to determine the GPS coordinates to pair East HER with the local coordinates of one of the reference points North 7 956m Height 0 240m Match type Automatic CANCEL lbm sps OOF7 The user must specify e Control pt id point code number which identifies the local point to which the GPS coordinates must be associated write the code or select an item from the drop down list or press the button to select the point directly from the Point List where it is also possible to create new points e Ant height height of the antenna phase center e Match type the type of pairing The user will then start the acquisition of the coordinates by pressing the Occupy button or will press Contto not acquire the point and access the Step 2 Match Points dialogue window
44. ements Tgt H 2 000 V Angle 101 3489 H Angle 0 0000 Dist 10 048 FULL ANGLES Set HA 0 STORE AND SELECT NEXT POINT Close the measurement window to return to the previous window CANCEL lbm sps 0059 At the end of the measurements press the Continue button to proceed with the calculation e Calculation of the station point coordinates the calculation of the coordinates from the measurements towards the existing points Is completely automatic The procedure selects the most suitable calculation method East 0 281 based on the number of points measured North 3 236 Elev 1 594 Error East 0 212 Error North 0 362 Error Elev 0 928 lt BACK CONFIRM See ERRORS ES lbm sps _0060 Station coordinates hawe been computed If the calculation is successful the procedure displays the coordinates which will be assigned to the station In case the calculation is not successful the procedure will display an error message The differences between the distances calculated between pairs of existing points distances from the coordinates in the Point List and the corresponding calculated distances from the measurements can be displayed by pressing the Errors Table command Meas D 17 450 10 756 10 282 9 236 DID D 00 0 040 0 030 0 030 0 000 0 000 0 007 lbm sps _0061 Then press the Confirm or OK button to confirm the station set up To return to the dialogue
45. enough to enter the new value which will become Ibm xps _0013 13 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems the new default value After entering the required values verify that the GPS pole is perfectly vertical and then Start acquiring the points by pressing the Start button The program will activate the acquisition phase and will show the following Readings 21 continuously on screen the number of 3D CQ 0 014m readings taken the 3D CQ and the current Lat 039 00 01 5420 N coordinates It is possible to switch from the Lon 009 00 03 8880 E geographic coordinates to the ones defined Height 3 680 by the active reference system and vice versa by selecting the Loca s or LLH command Wait until the 3D CQ value quality of coordinates it expresses the estimated error of the current GPS position in meters is not very high typically 1 2 centimeters or millimeters then press the Stop command displayed during the acquisition phase in the 3D CQ 0 013m place of the Start command Lat 039 00 01 5480 N Lon 009 00 03 822 If the GPS can calculate the geographic Height 3 820 coordinates latitude and longitude the Store command will be shown in the place of Stop Press the Sfore button to store the acquired point The point can be reacquired by pressing the Reset button and then pressing the Start button which will be shown in the place of Store Alternatively if you wish to quit acquiring the point
46. er it gets to the correct distance to identify the point on the ground 24 m when it has to be right CLca Geosystems To facilitate the reading of data a graphical representation is present on the left of the analytical values which indicates whether to move closer to or further away from the instrument with two arrows In case the distance from the instrument is correct within the tolerance indicated in the staking options the two arrows will be green Information for the altimetric stakeout The information for altimetric stakeout provide via graphical and analytical information the instructions to make the instrument measure the point to be staked out with regards to only the height with an error that is equal to or less than the altimetric tolerance set in the plotting options H angle is NOT in tolerance diff 0 4945 El Distance from point is NOT in tolerance diff 0 178 For this purpose the staking height the measured height and the difference between the two are shown The staking height is the height which must be reached planned height the measured height is the one calculated with the last measurement the difference between the two tends to zero the closer it gets to the correct height to identify the point on the ground lbm xps _ 00 30 To facilitate the reading of data a graphical representation is present on the left of the analytical values which indicates whether to lift or
47. ered o lt From this Job the local coordinates of the reference points are saved in the active Job o lt From file gt the local coordinates of the reference points are stored in another Job which will be specified selecting this option is equivalent to pressing the button immediately to the right of the Loca pts from list e Write resection results to file on activating this option the program saves the coordinate transformation parameters in the GRR file specified by the user press the button to the right of the field F e to specify the file name Name Resection CANCEL lbm sps OOF Press the Cont button to proceed to the next step of the reference system definition or press the Cancel button to exit If it is not specified that the GPS coordinates be acquired in real time the GPS pts from option is not set on lt Rea Time The program will run a search in the two jobs specified as origin of the local coordinates Local pts from field and origin of the GPS coordinates GPS pts from field in order to determine if there are points having 1 the same point code number 2 double coordinates in the local e n g and GPS x y z or lat lon hEll reference systems If the search is not successful then an error message is displayed and the user must modify the options for example the user has indicated a wrong Job file or has not verified that the reference points have the same point name number in th
48. ex corresponding to the station code number of the surveyed point comment associated with the point measurement data horizontal angle vertical angle slope distance prism height coordinates of the point It is possible to add modify and delete a station add modify and delete a measurement Add a station select the STM command a new AE series of commands will appear press VEW STN then specify the code number of a point and the Instrument height Confirm the data to create the station Note that the code number of a non existing point can be also specified in this case the application will Show a dialogue window to insert the new point data CANCEL Modify a station select the station to be modified bm kps J087 from the list and then select the S70 command a new series of commands will appear press ED 7 STN Modify the point code number associated with the station and or the instrument height then confirm the data 63 gt when it has to be right AACA Geosystems If the point code number is modified one of the following situations will happen e The code number specified does not correspond to any point in the Pornt List The application will ask whether to create a new point or simply rename the point by assigning a new code number to it e The code number specified corresponds to a point already in the Point List After confirmation the application will reassign the station from the previous point to
49. existing point previously identified on the ground post nail etc orienting the instrument towards another existing point already identified on the ground the existing points are already present in the Point List In the first case the station set up is linked to the previous one this is the typical case of a survey where in order to cover the area the instrument must be placed in different points to form a traverse or a grid The second case falls under the first only if both the station and the orientation points originate from previous stations or are calculated from measurements taken by one or more preceding stations Otherwise a station that is partially linked or totally unlinked to the rest of the survey is set up but keeping uniformity in the reference system of coordinates used A station is partially linked when the station point or the orientation point one excluding the other is calculated from measurements taken by a preceding station In this case the modifications of the coordinates or the measurement of a preceding station can cause the moving of or a variation in the orientation of the new station set up A station is totally unlinked if the station point and the orientation point have fixed coordinates which are not dependent on prior Point code 00 measurements In this case modifications to the coordinates and or the measurements of Instr height 1 6 a preceding station have no effect o
50. f each tool Pan Tap and drag to move map Zoom in Tap to enlarge Zoom out Tap to reduce Zoom window Tap and drag to define the rectangular area to be enlarged Zoom to fit displays the complete map P1 Select the first reference point P2 Select the second reference point P Select the point to be staked out i i T44 35 Use the P1 and P2 tools to indicate the two E El reference points then use the P tool to indicate the point to be staked out It is possible to define P1 P2 and P in any order Once the said three points have been indicated the application will display the distance of point P from the other two points distance P P1 in blue and distance P P2 in red In addition the distances are also shown graphically in CAD view the blue line P P2 4 174 indicates the P P1 distance and the red line indicates the P P2 distance lbm sps OOS6 22 m when it has to be right CLca Geosystems 2 3 8 Polar stakeout TPS The polar stakeout of points with known coordinates requires the definition of the instrument position see Station setup Once the station has been defined to access polar stakeout select the following items in sequence from the active Job menu Stfakeout Radial Select the points to be staked out from the list displayed and then confirm The next phase consists in specifying the following to the program Reflector height The planimetric tolerance that is the maximum a
51. f the prism and the tolerance can be modified at any time by selecting the SETUP command If the height of the instrument is changed the reference place has to be recomputed by repeating the measurements towards the three reference benchmarks To terminate the stakeout phase select the CLOSE command 30 e when it has to be right CLca Geosystems 2 3 13 Stakeout with GPS Stakeout by GPS is used to determine the position of points on the ground if you have their GPS coordinates latitude longitude ellipsoidal height or their local map coordinates east north height The stakeout program enables to e Stakeout the plan points that are stored o in the active Job o in another source job given by the operator e Optionally store the coordinates of the staked points o in the active Job o in another destination job given by the operator e Staking out using the reference system o WGS84 o the one defined in the planned points source Job o the one defined in an external configuration file The stakeout can be configured so as to guide the movements of the operator taking the following as reference e The North of the reference system e The last staked out point e Any point indicated by the operator among those present in the source job e Any point indicated by the operator among those present in the destination job e The point to be staked out the walking direction e The sun Quality controls for the staking out are en
52. ference system is the WGS84 the points to be staked out must have valid latitude longitude and ellipsoidal height geographic coordinates Modify the origin of the points the source file for the planned points that is the job from which to read the Point Listto be staked out point code number comment coordinates can be specified to the program The program can be instructed to Read the points from an external Job file if the points have been saved in another Job selected the list called Stakeout job and select the item lt Fi e gt Alternately press the button to the immediate right of the list The program will display a dialogue window which shows the list of all the jobs stored on the controller Select the desired job and confirm Use the existing points in the active job It is the default setting Modify the destination of the points the destination file that is the job to which the Point List point code number comment coordinates must be written after the stake out can be specified to the program The program can be Instructed to a2 Store the points in the active job O if the planned points source file corresponds to the active job then the final coordinates of the staked points will substitute the planned coordinates if the planned points source file is another job then the final coordinates of the staked points will be stored as new points created automatically by the program and automatically
53. he Reset button and then pressing the Occupy button Readings 44 which will be displayed instead of the Store 30 CQ 0 018m command Alternatively if the acquisition of the Lat 039 00 01 5360 N point must be abandoned then press the Close Lon 009 00 03 8700 E button Height 3 530 lbm sps _0064 Press the Store button to exit from the GPS coordinate acquisition window the program will request a confirmation to activate the local reference system calculated in this manner e if the request is not confirmed the program returns to the initial dialogue window for the input of the data required for the calculation e on confirming the request the program returns to Its main menu 50 gt when it has to be right AACA Geosystems 2 4 8 GPS Resection The generic term GPS resection refers to the operation which enables the creation of a reference system given the local e n h coordinates of at least two reference points and by executing or having already executed as many other GPS measurements on the same points GPS resection is hence an operation which enables the calculation of the transformation parameters necessary to determine the local coordinates corresponding to the GPS coordinates Unlike the local reference system given a point see the previous paragraph the reference system calculated with the GPS resection allows e To maintain the orientation of the original local coordinate system in which the refe
54. he distances FORW BACK RIGHT LEFT have reached values that are acceptable based on the required precision set for staking the operator must 36 Verify that the height of the antenna phase center is correct Optionally enter the planned height in the D Hf design height field if the value specified read from the coordinates of the points to be staked out does not exist or if it needs to be changed for example if the client has provided a design that requires that the points to be staked out are raised by a delta value to achieve the final point heights which define the height of the area to be filled with other material Verify that the pole on which the antenna is mounted is vertical when it has to be right Seica Geosystems e Press the S74R7 command to proceed to the phase which precisely acquires the coordinates of the point the icon on the upper part of the screen the walking man figure changes into an icon that shows a Standing man figure and a tripod with an antenna to graphically indicate that the operator must not move the rover except to adjust his planimetric or altimetric position a little e Verify that the 3D CQ is acceptable precision indicator of the coordinates in the acquisition phase expressed in meters e Press the S7OP command to terminate the acquisition of the coordinates After pressing the S7OP command the program will show a dialogue window which gives information on the p
55. he points are defined through GPS measurement in real time the following two mutually exclusive rules hold e The local and GPS coordinates are saved in the active job there are points having double coordinates saved in the Point List o locale n A o GPS xy z or lat lon REIN e The local and GPS coordinates are stored in separate jobs there are points in two different jobs that have the same point code number and o in one job they have the local coordinates e n o inthe other job they have the GPS coordinates x y z or at on hEIN In the calculation of the GPS resection a pairing type can be specified for each pair of coordinates for each point The pairing type specifies to the program if and why to use a particular reference point The following pairing types are possible e Pos amp Height the point must be used to calculate the planimetric and altimetric transformation parameters e Pos only the point must be used to calculate the planimetric transformation parameters but must not influence the calculation of the altimetric transformation parameters e Height only the point must be used to calculate the altimetric transformation parameters but must not influence the calculation of the planimetric transformation parameters e Automatic the program verifies whether the local point has height if affirmative it chooses Pos amp Height otherwise it chooses Pos only e Pt ignored the point must be ignored and
56. he stakeout press OK to cancel the plotting press Cancel The stakeout dialogue window is divided into three functional parts 23 The list of points to be staked out and the staking commands on top Information for the planimetric stakeout page PLAN METRIC Information for the altimetric stakeout page AL7 METRIC when it has to be right Leica Geosystems Additionally there are various buttons in the menu at the bottom e MEAS Starts a measurement e STORE Stores the staking data of the active point in the report e LOG Displays the staking report HORIZONTAL DISTANCE e SETUP Allows to edit the settings such as prism height tolerances etc e CLOSE Terminates the stakeout phase CLOSE lbm sp OO29 2 3 9 List of points to be staked out and staking commands The stakeout of the points can occur in any order For this purpose a drop down list allows to select a point to be staked out The previous or next point can also be selected by using the lt and gt buttons If a point has been staked out and stored in the staking report the writing DONEF will be shown to the right of the point code number There are three staking commands and they can be activated by using the corresponding buttons e Measurement MEAS key starts the measurement and recalculates the stake out information e Storing in the report STORE key stores the point data coordinates and difference between the planned a
57. ht Seica Geosystems If the user proceeds to the saving of the coordinates or presses the Store button the program will show the Step 2 Match Points dialogue window with a table that shows a list of the measured points initially this table will contain a single point The user will add other reference points and will take their GPS measurements by pressing the Add button taking care to verify that the position of the point on the ground chosen from the drop down list in the Step 1 Measure Contro Pt dialogue window corresponds to the position occupied by the GPS in the measurement phase As soon as two or more points are present in the apt gt a table shown in the Sfep 2 Match Points dialogue STEP 2 MATCH POINTS window either read automatically from file job or Point Match aD added manually the operator can try to calculate the GPS resection by pressing the Ca c button Automatic Automatic Automatic Once the calculations have been made the program will show the dialogue window Step 3 Check Residuals which for every point used in the calculation shows the differences and residues among the local coordinates e n h calculated CANCEL through the transformation of the GPS coordinates Emp 0074 and the original local coordinates e 7 given as reference The operator will verify that the residue on the coordinates are within tolerance limits and if they are will activate the new local reference sy
58. ies typical to a topographic cadastral problem The unit of measurement and the decimal places to be used rounding off for display can be defined by choosing among the displayed options for the following sizes quantities coordinates distances angles areas volumes The options are stored and automatically prompted every time the program Is run Thus they are independent of the currently loaded Job e Coordinates distances In metres and for 3 decimal places display rounded off to the millimeter e Angles In centesimal degrees and for 4 decimal places display rounded off to the ten thousandth of a degree e Area surface area In square metres and for 2 decimal places display rounded off to the Square centimeter e Volumes In cube metres and for 2 decimal places display rounded off to the cube centimeter In no way do the number of decimal places for display limits the number of decimal places used internally to perform the calculations IEEE 754 standard which guarantees precision of around 15 decimal places 9 when it has to be right Seica Geosystems 2 1 8 Configure automatic data saving To avoid losing parts of the work due to various causes such as depleted battery the Enter the time period to elapse between automatic data program can be configured to automatically Saves save the data onto a file The automatic data saving can be programmed to start at 5 regular intervals fr
59. int code number automatically assigned and modifiable a comment and prism height when requested i loro ps _00Ed4 The station set up terminates immediately after the measurement of the second point The two points measured in this way will be ene E inserted into the Point List and will have coordinates calculated automatically so as to place them aligned in the West gt East direction A station with the two measurements will also be created and inserted in the Field book lbm sps OOBS The station point will have coordinates automatically calculated so as to guarantee that the coordinates of the two points measured recalculated using the measurements in the F e d book correspond to the coordinates assigned automatically to place the alignment in the West gt East direction To facilitate the graphical determination of the alignment defined in this manner the program also automatically creates a segment which unites the two points measured access the CAD view or enter in survey mode manually when it has to be right Seica Geosystems 2 4 6 Definition of the GPS reference system The GPS positioning system uses a reference system called WGS amp 4 an acronym of World Geodetic System 1984 The WGS84 is a complex system as its discussion is beyond the scope of this manual we will limit ourselves to 7 ee ero of longitude enumerating the characteristics of Z X plane practical interest
60. is equivalent to reset virtually read further the angle of the Point 1100 tto do instrument so that the zero corresponds to Remak the direction of the orientation point In reality even if it is possible it is not Tgt H 2 000 vAngle 101 0473 necessary to reset the horizontal angle of the H Angle 0 0000 S Diet 45 371 instrument the procedure will use an angle measured during the orientation as a FULL ANGLES Set HA 0 substitute that is it will subtract this value from all the subsequent measurements taken by the station to obtain the real angle with lbm sps _0056 To start the orientation of the station press the Shoot BS Point or Known Point button The program will show a dialogue window to take the orientation measurement Aim the instrument at the orientation point then press the FULL button to take the complete measurement or press the ANGLES button to take the measurement of only the angles If the station being set up falls under the case called linked station the station is on a point surveyed by a previous station and the orientation measurement is towards the previous station and a complete measurement is taken distance vertical and horizontal angles then the program will use the horizontal distance and the horizontal distance by the corresponding measurement from the previous station towards the new one to calculate the average distance This distance will be used to determine the coordinate
61. line The sign indicates which part with respect to point zero along the principal line the secondary line must pass through A positive value indicates that the line will cross the principal line at a point in front of point zero or a point which lies in the half line that originates from point zero and passes through the second point A negative value indicates the second line will cross the principal line in a point that is behind point zero 21 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 3 7 Taping stakeout by two tapes Taping means the Identification of a point on the ground given the distances of this point from two other previously identified fixed points on the ground which act as the pins on which the heads of the tapes are anchored The application allows the calculation of the unknown distances having e The planned coordinates of the point P to be staked out e The planned coordinates of P1 and P2 the other two reference points which have already been identified on the ground To start the taping procedure select the following items in sequence from the active Job menu Stakeout Using 2 Tapes Once the taping phase has been started a view of the dimensional plan is displayed on a small CAD The CAD has instruments buttons to the right to pan zoom and indicate the P PI and P2 points already inserted as coordinates in the Point List The table to the side gives a short description o
62. lity of the coordinates is the second Point t i its is i part of the stakeout configuration This part of the configuration can be modified at any time during the W Stake the closest point to last one stacked stakeout phase by simply pressing the CONFIG command The GPS stakeout can be configured changing the Orientate option so as to guide the movements of the CANCEL operator taking the following as reference 34 e TO NORTH The North of the reference system O e TO LAST POINT The last point staked out O e TO POINT STAKE Any point specified by the ea operator among those present in the source job From the drop down list called Point select If the reference system of coordinates is the WGS84 the North of the reference 100 system approximately corresponds to the h Ant 2 000 magnetic North then the operator can aE look towards the geographic magnetic aay mes North perhaps with the help of a O magnetic compass and follow the aoe as movement directions given by the program t 10 00m If the reference system of coordinates is start Near RvRs conic Qum Pace not the WGS84 the North of the reference Ibm xps _004 1 system must be noted previously then the operator can look towards the North of this reference system and follow the movement directions given by the program If a point has been staked the operator toes Pas M must look towards this poin
63. m lEm xps 0081 e Parcels parcel perimeters e COGO points points created by COGO operations e Surveys stations and corresponding measurements All the imported points will be added to the Point List The part related to surveys if they exist will De converted and inserted in the Field book see Data tables After the import the program will automatically display the CAD view 60 gt when it has to be right AACA Geosystems 2 6 Data tables 61 11 14 55 BACK lbm sps OOS2 114205 z LEM XPS Al North ElevizZ OR OR BORDE BORDE BORDE BORDE 7 956 4 811 0 260 0 093 0 201 0 240 0 196 0 020 FIND en CLOSE lbm sps _0083 11 18 16 Lu zS Point id Remark fa CANCEL lbm sps OOS4 Geosystems 11 19 19 J7 z mes PoS General Graphic Symbol Point cos Cross X Circle Triangle CANCEL Modifying an existing point to modify an existing bm kps JUE point select it in the list and then press the Eat button The application will show a dialogue window to modify the data This is the same dialogue window shown for the addition of a new point If the Coords by measures option is checked then the point is a topographic point The term by measures means that the coordinates of the point are assigned after and at each recalculation of the F e d b
64. m used with Total Station In this manual the operation which permits the calculations of the parameters to transform GPS coordinates to the corresponding local coordinates is specified as creation or definition of a reference system The program allows the calculation of the transformation parameters if the East and North coordinates as well as the height of some local points and the corresponding GPS coordinates are available The GPS coordinates can be previously determined or surveyed in real time Two cases are distinguished based on the number of points in local coordinates used e A single point in local coordinates east north height Local system from a point e Two or more points in local coordinates east north height Local system from GPS resection See e Local System given a point e GPS Resection 48 gt when it has to be right eca Geosystems 2 4 7 Local system given a point GPS The program allows to activate a transformation from the WGS amp 84 reference system to a local reference system in east north height coordinates by performing a simple GPS measurement on the point whose e n h coordinates are known The local system will have the following characteristics e The origin of the coordinates 0 0 0 corresponding to the GPS point e Cartesian axis system with a 1 1 scale having o the ordinate axis oriented in the South North direction a parallel of the WGS84 ellipsoid o the axis of
65. maximum 1 971 1 814 3 128 difference in height that can exist between the staked out and planned at local height of the inclined plane points for the point to Pook fo ff cance be considered correctly identified on the Em xps _00S6 terrain Once the required values are inserted you can proceed to measuring the three reference points Aim the instrument at the reference point and then press the Shoot PI button Repeat the procedure for the other two points taking care to press the Shoot P2 button for one point and the Shoot P3 button for the other The program will calculate and display the relative height of the reference points with respect to the station assumed at height zero these values indicate the level difference between the station and the reference points and will be used to calculate the reference plane To proceed with the stakeout press the OK command or press Cance to terminate the operation The field survey assistant Is free to move around to any point in the area to be staked out For each point selected the operator in charge of the program and the total station starts the measurement by pressing the SHOOT or MEAS button after having aimed at the new reflector position On each measurement the program will show the level difference of the point measured with respect to the inclined reference plane and a coloured graphical indicator to the left of the screen 29 gt when it has to be right AACA Geosystems
66. n the BS pt Code 10000 O00 new station set up the position or the orientation of which will not change Prism height 2 0 In both cases the station set up procedures are identical SHOOT BS POINT OR KNOWN POINT To start setting up a station on anne oe J J Jae point or next traverse station select the Em xp 0055 items Station Setup Stn on Known Pt in sequence from the active job menu A dialogue window will ask to input the following data Point code a point code number which univocally identifies the station and the point on which it is set up The procedure will NOT automatically generate a univocal point code number since in this mode the point must already exist Write the point code number or select it by using the two buttons to the right of the field se ect from CAD and select from Point List Instr height height of the instrument required only if altimetric surveys are carried out 41 o when it has to be right CLca Geosystems BS pt Code a point code number which univocally identifies the existing point towards which the station is to be oriented backsight Write the point code number or select it by using the two buttons to the right of the field se ect from CAD and select from Point List Prism height height of the prism for the next measurement of the station orientation It is required only for altimetric surveys After defining all the above parameters the station must be oriented This
67. nd staked out coordinates in the report Information for the planimetric stakeout The information for planimetric stakeout referenced from the instrument operator s point of view provides via graphical and analytical information the instructions to make the instrument measure the point to be staked out with an error that is equal to or less than the planimetric tolerance set in the options The information provided is polar hence angle and distance Angle the application shows the staking angle the measured angle and the difference between the two after each measurement The staking angle is the angle which must be reached the measured angle is the one read by the instrument the difference between the two tends to zero the closer it gets to the correct angle by turning the instrument to identify the point on the ground To facilitate the reading of data a graphical representation is present on the left of the analytical values which indicates to which side to turn the instrument with two arrows In case the angle on the instrument is correct within the tolerance indicated in the staking options the two arrows will be green Distance the application shows the staking distance the measured distance and the difference between the two after each measurement The staking distance is the distance which must be reached the measured distance is the one read by the instrument the difference between the two tends to zero the clos
68. om 5 to 60 minutes TO disable automatic saving set the interval to O min 1 max 30 minutes zero minutes 0 off Ask before saving Normally automatic saving is executed without any user confirmation However the program can be made to display a save cancer request by flagging the Ask before saving option lbm sps OOF For each save the program creates backup copies of the original file These copies have the same name as the original file but the file extension is modified to W1 W2 and W3 from the most recent to the least recent In case the original file is damaged part or all the work can be recovered by renaming the file with these extensions Since the palmtop operating system hides the file extensions connect the palmtop to a PC then access it from Exp orer Computer file browser and change the file extension to AMF without quotes 10 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems lbmxpe OO0S CLOSE lbm sps 0077 11 gt when it has to be right Seica Geosystems Point List and the measurement data corresponding to that point is stored in the measurement list of the active station field book See also Data tables 12 e when it has to be right EACL Geosystems 2 2 2 Surveying with GPS Before starting the survey phase the reference system to be used must be defined If you attempt to Start the survey phase without having defined the reference system the applicati
69. on can be made from CAD by pressing the first button to the right of each field A point can also be selected from the Point List by pressing the second button to the right of each field Specify the planimetric distance from the pole and the angle with respect to the orientation horizontal angle clockwise The height of the new point is automatically set to the pole height To set the height to a particular value deactivate the Use pole s height option and then enter the new height in the HevgAt field Press OX to start the calculation The application will show a dialogue window to input the data of the new point the code Is suggested automatically and the coordinates are those obtained from the calculation Confirm the data to create the point 68 gt when it has to be right AACA Geosystems 2 7 5 Creation of points from distance and perpendicular offset New points can be created by specifying a distance HE A along an alignment with ref to a pole and an 7 Fol nt perpendicular offset from the alignment LL Chrection point 1004 To start the command to calculate the new points Distance 10 0 from distance and perpendicular offset select the Angle 500 2 following items in sequence from the active Job Height PR menu COGO Create Points By Dist And Ofs The application will Show a dialogue window to input the W Use poles height data CANCEL Specify the code number of the point to
70. on of points from the intersection of alignments lines Hani aT Enter the IDs of or pick either 4 points the end point can be created on the intersection of two points of 2 alignments or 2 line entities alignments or two lines In the first case four points must be specified two for each alignment In the eee second case two lines must be specified already Point 2 Line 2 3 designed in CAD Pont3 h2 S To start the command to calculate the intersection select the following items in sequence from the active job menu COGO Create Points By CANCEL Intersection The application will show a dialogue Bm spe 0081 window to input the data Intersection of alignments specify the codes numbers of two points for alignment 1 in the Point 1 and Point 2 fields specify the codes numbers of two points for alignment 2 in the Point 3 and Point 4 fields Intersection of lines specify the codes numbers of the two graphical entities lines in the Line 1 and Line 2 fields Leave the Point 3 and Point 4 fields empty To specify the points and the lines a selection can be made from CAD by pressing the first button to the right of each field For points only a point can also be selected from the Point List by pressing the second button to the right of each field Press the OK command to start the calculation of the new point The application will show a dialogue window to input the data The point code number is suggested autom
71. on will automatically return to its definition menu See Definition of the reference system pores A al Once the survey phase has been started a view of the map is displayed on a small CAD The CAD has instruments buttons to the right to a pan zoom select deselect modify points and delete points The following table gives a short description of each tool lbm sps OO12 Pan Tap and drag to move the dimensional plan Zoom in Tap to enlarge Zoom out Tap to reduce Zoom window Tap and drag to define the rectangular area to be enlarged Zoom to fit Displays the complete map Select Tap on a point to select it Unselect Tap on a point to unselect it Properties Shows the properties of the selected point Esc Cancels the last step of the active instrument cancels the active selection Delete Deletes the selected point At the bottom of the screen immediately below ipo the CAD view the Occupy command is shown which if pressed acquires a point The application will show a dialogue window where it is possible to enter the code number of the point to be acquired any comment that must be associated with the point and the height of the antenna phase 3D CQ 0 018m center The antenna height is stored and is ie automatically reintroduced at every point acquired see subsequently hence this value need not be Height inserted any more In case the antenna height is modified physically not programmatically it is
72. ook That is the coordinates of a point can also vary following the variations brought to the F e d book such as for example e Change in a station coordinates e Change ina station orientation angle e Execution of a measurement both ways foresight and backsight which brings about the recalculation of the point coordinates using the average of the reduced distances Deleting a point to delete an existing point select it in the list and then press the De efe button The application will request a confirmation of the operation If the user tries to delete a point which is used as the orientation of a station the program will give a warning message Confirm only if you are sure that the deletion of the point will not lead to the loss of the station orientation The deletion operation cannot be cancelled If the user tries to delete a point occupied by a tacheometric station the program will display a warning message Deleting the point also involves the deletion of all the tacheometric stations from the Fie d book which have occupied this point Confirm only if you are sure that the deletion of the point and of the stations which occupy it and the related measurements is the actual operation to be executed The deletion operation cannot be cancelled Searching for a point given its code number to select a point given its code number press the Find button insert the code number and confirm when it has to be right Seica
73. operating system and only supports 7ofa Station instruments 1 2 Leica BuildMobile GPS The GPS version can be Installed on Leica RX900 or Leica RX1250 controllers and only supports GPS instruments To support GPS the Leica SmartWorx software must be running simultaneously with BuildMobile 1 3 Leica BuildMobile XPS available for Italy only The XPS version can be installed on Leica RX900 or Leica RX1250 controllers the characteristics of both the two previous versions TPS and GPS are combined into a single product which simultaneously supports 7ota Station and GPS instruments To support GPS the Leica SmartWorx software must be running simultaneously with 5 e when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 Leica BuildMobile 2 1 Configuration 00 07 03 LEM XPS a Configuration menu you can BD Pace ms a e Configure and test the Total Station a if 4 i instrument L a yy ya E s CE e Configure and test the GPS instrument BACK EDM GPS NUMERIC e Define number formats SETUP SETUP FORMATS e Configure automatic data saving The configuration menu can be accessed from the main application menu by pressing the SETUP button or if a Job is open by pressing the buttons MENU then SETUP lbm ps OOO a ae r fi i Fa iz GPS NUMERIC SETUP FORMATE Additionally the following families of non Leica instruments are supported e Geomax ZTS60x Zoom20 Zoom30 e Stonex STS02 05 e Wild T TC1010 1610
74. or some damages EXCEPT IN CASES THAT ARE PROHIBITED BY LAW Leica and LSH ARE IN NO WAY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO THE USE OR EXECUTION OF THE SOFTWARE THIS LIMITATION IS APPLICABLE EVEN IF A CORRECTIVE MEASURE COMES SHORT OF ITS ESSENTIAL OBJECTIVE IN NO CASE WILL Leica AND LSH BEAR SUMS GREATER THAN TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY EUROS EUR 250 00 e Limitations on reverse engineering reverse compilation and reverse assembly Reverse engineering reverse compilation and reverse assembly of the SOFTWARE is not permitted except for and only in the measure in which this activity is expressly authorized by the current laws on the subject despite the current limitation e THE TRANSFER OF THE SOFTWARE IS PERMITTED BUT WITH LIMITATIONS The permanent transfer of the rights granted by this license is permitted solely as a part of a sale or permanent transfer IN COMBINATION WITH the device Leica TPS or GPS kit and only if the purchaser accepts the terms of the present licensing contract with the final user If the SOFTWARE is an update any transfer must also include all the previous versions of the SOFTWARE Warnings out there is a risk of accidents If the operator does not pay the required attention to the surrounding environmental conditions such as but not limited to obstacles overhead loads excavation work heavy vehicles escarpments The person responsible for docky
75. point Pl The perpendicular offset is calculated orthogonal to the alignment The specifications of the distance value X and the offset value Y are shown immediately below the CAD view These values are automatically updated upon every variation of the point to be calculated or the alignment 73 e when it has to be right CLca Geosystems The CAD view also shows e a green arrow from PI to P2 to represent the direction of the alignment e a blue segment which may hide a part of the green arrow which represents the distance calculated along the alignment starting from P1 e ared segment orthogonal to the green arrow and the blue segment which represents the perpendicular offset The alignment is taken to extend to infinity hence it is possible to calculate the distance and perpendicular offset of the points whose orthogonal projection does not fall in the segment that joins Pl and P2 74 when it has to be right Cca Geosystems 2 7 10 Calculation of the polar coordinates The polar coordinates of a point with respect to an alignment passing through two given points pole and orientation can be calculated To start the command to calculate the polar coordinates select the following items in sequence from the active job menu COGO Comp Polar Coords The application will show a dialogue window to input the data The dialogue window will show the map In a small CAD The CAD has several tools buttons to
76. recision of the coordinates acquired and also allows the staked point to be stored e The absolute error between the planned and ens J staked planimetric coordinates FORW BACK LEM XPS 12 al and RIGHT LEFT directions Point ID 111 e The absolute error between the planned and Store ID 111 staked heights FILL CUT directions e The planimetric distance between the a st RIGHT 0 158 planned and staked point Distance 2D FILL 0 150 indication e The inclined distance between the planned and staked point Distance 3D indication Distance 2D 0 471m Distance 30 0 494m 06 35 14 le LBM XPS AT If any one of the plotting precision verification options are active and even if one of the absolute errors is greater than the limit values set in the he ae options the point cannot be saved and the values Pos Limit 0 02 i Height Check HeightLimit 0 02 2 CO if Beep near point Dist from point 0 50 beyond the tolerance values will be highlighted with a red exclamation mark in parentheses In this case the operator has the following options e Press the BACK button to re stakeout the point e Press the Sk P button to proceed with the Staking out of another point if the option to automatically suggest the next point to be staked out Is active the program will automatically suggest the point that is closest to the point which has been skipped otherwise the operator must manually select another point to be staked
77. rence points coordinates are expressed e To maintain the scale factor of the original local coordinate system in which the reference points coordinates are expressed The above is valid for planimetric coordinates The following ts valid for the heights e If none of the reference points in the local coordinates specify the height then the reference system will maintain the ellipsoidal height e If one of the points among the reference points in the local coordinates specifies the height then the reference system will convert the ellipsoidal height into the local height setting the correction to the difference between the local height of the point and the corresponding ellipsoidal height measured via GPS undulation e If more than one point among the reference points in the local coordinates specifies the height then the reference system will convert the ellipsoidal height into the local height setting the correction to the average of the differences between the local height of the points and the corresponding ellipsoidal heights measured via GPS average undulation If in the calculation phase of the GPS resection only one local point is specified then the application will behave as described already in the previous paragraph Local System given a point Using the GPS resection to activate a local reference system allows to execute the following operations e survey of points in local coordinates e stakeout of points in local coordina
78. rting aj x os EXPORT EXPORT EXPORT AS DXF POINTS FIELDBOOK REC 12 12 30 a ee LEM XPS gt al Enter layers names for points pointids heights andremarks p E a Layerfor points POINTS Layerforpt ids CODES Layerforheights QUOTES r Layer for remarks REMARKS Save as 2D DXF force heights to zero CANCEL lbm sps _0103 a Geosystems Fields Options F5 D DESCR F6 11 IGNORE F7 11 IGNORE F4 Z HEIGHT F8 I IGNORE Recall predefined layouts C E N 2 0 CANCEL lbm sps 0104 Field description specify the meaning of the fields up to 8 fields from C1 to C8 A meaning among those supported by the application can be associated with each field i e empty null field point code number point description north coordinate east coordinate and height Each line of exported data will be composed of fields in order from C1 to C8 The procedure suggests a group of predefined formats which can be activated from a drop down list placed in the lower part of the dialogue window In this list the meaning of the fields is shown in an abridged form by specifying only the initial letter as per the following table empty null point code number point description east coordinate north coordinate height N Zz mogan Il In the second page of the dialogue window the following can be specified e Separator option select the character to be used to sep
79. rtual serial port created by the Leica SmartWorx software and this software Leica GPS900 OWT must be running simultaneously with BuildMobile Port Speed come DB P SB R NONE H p z The application must be configured so that it Protocol NONE uses the correct communication parameters 7 these parameters are Timeout 5s Se Recall default parameters e Port COM8 e Speed 115200 CANCEL e Data bits 8 Ibm xps _000d e Parity None e Stop bits 1 e Protocol None e Timeout 5 seconds See also Instrument test GPS 8 e when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 1 6 Instrument test GPS 00 20 14 LEM XPS instrument Start Er sps OOOS 2 1 7 Define number formats CANCEL Er ps OOO The predefined settings are Before proceeding to test the instrument it Is best to verify that the serial communication parameters are correct Before starting the test configure the GPS instrument turn on the antennae verify that the Leica SmartWorx software Is running and that it has detected the antennae then press the Start button Messages Indicating the test progress will be shown in the space under the Start button If the test is successful the current GPS position will be shown in case the test is not successful one or more error messages will be shown Number formats inform the program of the units of measurement that must be used for the different sizes quantit
80. s The SOFTWARE can be used only on the DEVICES mentioned by Leica and agreed upon by Leica and LSH e IT IS NOT ERROR FREE THE SOFTWARE IS NOT ERROR FREE LSH HAS INDEPENDENTLY DEFINED HOW TO USE THE SOFTWARE IN THE DEVICE AND Leica AND LSH RELY ON THEIR COMBINED CAPACITY TO EXECUTE SUFFICIENT TESTS TO ESTABLISH THAT THE SOFTWARE IS SUITABLE FOR THE PRESCRIBED USE IN TURN LSH HAS INDEPENDENTLY DEFINED HOW TO USE THE PARTS OF THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPED BY MS IN THE DEVICE AND MS RELIES ON LSH CAPACITY TO EXECUTE SUFFICIENT TESTS TO ESTABLISH THAT THE SOFTWARE IS SUITABLE FOR THE PRESCRIBED USE e EXCLUSION OF GUARANTEE FOR THE SOFTWARE The SOFTWARE is provided AS IT IS and with all its faults Leica AND LSH DO NOT GUARANTEE THAT THE SOFTWARE RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE ARE OF A SATISFACTORY QUALITY AND FREE OF ERRORS THE FINAL USER IS OBLIGATED TO VERIFY THE SOFTWARE RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE BY ACCEPTING THIS USER LICENSE THE FINAL USER UNDERTAKES TO CARRY OUT ALL THE REQUIRED VERIFICATIONS THE NON EXECUTION OF WHICH IS TO BE CONSIDERED NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF THE FINAL USER FURTHERMORE NO GUARANTEE IS PROVIDED AS TO THE PROBABLE INTERFERENCE WITH THE USE OF SOFTWARE BY THE FINAL USER OR ANY POSSIBLE VIOLATIONS IF ANY GUARANTEE HAS BEEN PROVIDED WITH REGARDS TO THE DEVICES OR SOFTWARE THIS GUARANTEE DOES NOT COME FROM LSH OR MS AND THEY ARE NOT BOUND BY IT 1 e when it has to be right Cica Geosystems e Exclusion of responsibility f
81. s of the station being set up Otherwise the coordinates of the station being set up will be those of the point with the same name number of the point existing in the Point List coordinates calculated by a previous station or imported from a file or inDutted manually by the operator To confirm the station set up press the OK command or press Cance to cancel 42 gt when it has to be right eca Geosystems 2 4 4 Free Station Resection TPS In cases when the instrument cannot be placed on an existing point or in cases where the position of a point on the ground has not been previously marked with a nail post etc or it has been removed and there are at least two valid points available points with valid coordinates then by using at least two points in the Point List which are already determined on the ground the station set up can be started the station being calculated by measurements towards existing points the free station also known as resection Before proceeding with the station set up it is best to verify that the existing points have already been inserted in the Po nt List and that the coordinates of these points are correct To start setting up a free station select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Station Setup Free Station The set up of the free station consists in the following operations 43 Definition of the station data the first dialogue displayed requires the input of a
82. stance is equal to a set value Step option or so as to divide the perimeter into equal parts Divisions option Triangle CANCEL lbrn sps OOOS The heights of the new points can be obtained by interpolation if required directly from the height of the graphical entity nterpolate height option or set to a particular value force Height option It is possible to specify which graphical symbol to ieee OU aT associate with the new points access the Attributes Method Attributes Advanced page and select a symbol from the list 7 First iD for new poini The new points will be automatically numbered by the application with progressive codes numbers To W Don t create duplicate points set a particular numbering access the Advanced page then activate the First D for new points option enter the code number to assign to the first point if Use planimetric distances CANCEL To avoid overlapped duplicated points with the brn kp 0054 same coordinates open the Advanced page and activate the Don t create duplicate points option To assign a description to the new points open the Advanced page and enter the description in the field specified as Remark for new points Note that the distance specified to create the intermediary points at fixed distances or by division into equal parts is interpreted by the application as a planimetric horizontal distance To also include the height in the calculation of distances th
83. stem by pressing the Store button If differences are significant he can e Remove the points with high differences one by one and re take GPS measurements only if the GPS pts from option is set to lt Real time _0 00 0 001 e Exclude one or more points from the O 0 001 calculation by using the pairing type Match 0 002 button and forcing the recalculation of the resection Ca c button e Verify that the local coordinates of the points are correct e If possible use a different group of local points taking care to choose the points so store pack hindi that they are as far as possible from walls SRE trees or architectural elements which can reflect the GPS signals and give unreliable measurements in this case however the 3D CQ value displayed in the acquisition phase would be high 0 004 0 003 55 gt when it has to be right AACA Geosystems 2 5 Project insertion 56 11 04 14 LBM XPS BACK lbm sps OOF a Geosystems 57 lbmixpe OOF Geosystems ae oF N Choose which kinds of graphic entities have to be imported from the DXF file Iw Points If Lines Polylines CANCEL lbm sps OOS available memory after the import is not less than 50 of the total memory of palmtop see Windows Start Menu Settings System Memory or click on the electronic chip icon on the top right side of the screen It is also to be noted that the graphics display speed of th
84. t and Stake Map follow the movement directions given by lhoo the program h Ant 2 000 If a point has not been staked the pr apa program uses the North of the reference ere HEN system as the direction of reference p Ht 330 aDCQ 0 018m START RVRS CONFIG PAGE brin sps 0042 LEM XPS 12 100 the point code number of the point to be used as hant 200 reference the operator must look towards this FORW 0 687 point and follow the movement directions given RGHT 5 000 by the program the selected point must have CUT coordinates that are compatible with the active reference system of coordinates 0 210 0 015m START RVRS CONFIG PAGE lbm sps 0043 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems lhm sps _004S e TO POINT STORE Any point specified by the operator among those present in the destination job From the drop down list called Pont select the f point code number of the point to be used as hAnt 2 000 reference the operator must look towards this eae point and follow the movement directions given by w the program the selected point must have D Ht 5660 coordinates that are compatible with the active 3DCQ Se reference system of coordinates lhm sps 0044 e TO ARROW The point to be staked out ee a direction of the movement The program Stake Map continuously calculates the operator s movements hu o and provides information on which
85. t code number e WI 84 east coordinate e WI 85 north coordinate e WI 86 height e WI 88 instrument height WI is not written if the instrument height is not specified A line is created for each tacheometric measurement with e WI 11 point code number e WI 21 horizontal angle e WI 22 vertical angle e WI 31 inclined distance e WI 87 reflector height e WI 71 comment 79 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems
86. tation set up is that the job must be completely empty The application prevents the set up of an alignment station if the job is not completely empty so that given the totally local nature of the coordinates assigned to the station points which belong to a reference system different from the rest of the survey already in the memory are not acquired To start setting up a station by alignment select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Station Setup Stn from Alignment The set up of the station consists in the following operations e Definition of the station data the first ee S window displayed requires the input of a Stn point code i00 univocal point code number to associate ee with the station and the corresponding 6 point to be inserted in the Point List The CONTINUE gt procedure automatically generates a univocal point code number which can be modified Specify the height of the instrument if the heights must also be calculated Leave the Seay field empty if the heights need not be Em eps 006 calculated Press the CONT button to proceed 46 gt when it has to be right eca Geosystems 47 Measurement of two points to define the alignment the second dialogue window displayed enables the measurement towards the two reference points for the alignment i e the principal alignment used in the different functions of the program Take the measurements specifying a po
87. tes e stakeout of points in WGS84 coordinates Before proceeding with the calculation of the GPS resection verify that the coordinates of at least two local points are available However it is suggested to use a minimum of four points The program can be provided with the local coordinates of the reference points in various ways e by adding the points manually to the Point List before or during the execution of the GPS resection Local pts from lt From this Job option e by importing a DXF CSV or other file before starting the GPS resection Local pts from lt From this Job option 5 when it has to be right CLca Geosystems e by instructing the program to use the points saved in another Job Local pts from lt From file gt option Similarly the program can be provided with the GPS coordinates corresponding to the local points in various Ways e by taking a measurement which will determine the GPS coordinates for each local point selected for the calculation during the GPS resection phase GPS pts from Real Time option e by specifying to the program that the GPS coordinates have already been acquired imported and have been saved in the active Job GPS pts from lt From this Job gt option e by specifying to the program that the GPS coordinates have already been acquired imported and have been saved in another Job GPS pts from lt From file option Unless the GPS coordinates of t
88. the En ace 0101 right to perform pan zoom defining the alignment and Indicating the point for which the polar coordinates must be calculated The table below gives a brief description of each tool Pan Tap and drag to move the map Zoom in Tap to enlarge Zoom out Tap to reduce Zoom window Tap and drag to define the rectangular area to enlarge Zoom to fit Show the entire map Define the pole of the alignment Tap on a point to select it Define the orientation of the alignment Tap on a point to select it Point for which the polar coordinates have to be computed Tap on a point to select it To define the reference alignment alignment passing through a pole and an orientation use the PZ and P2 buttons Then press Pto specify the point for which to calculate the polar coordinates The specifications of the planimetric distance from the pole and the horizontal angle clockwise with respect to the alignment are shown immediately below the CAD view These values are automatically updated upon every variation of the point to be calculated or the alignment The CAD view also shows e agreen arrow from P1 to P2 to represent the direction of the alignment e ablue segment which may hide a part of the green arrow unites the pole PI of the alignment to point P and represents the calculated distance e aredarc to represent the calculated angle 75 e when it has to be right CLca Geosystems 2 8 76 Data expo
89. the height difference LOW The height is lower than reference height 1 571 0 020 Er xps OOS The height of the instrument the height of the prism and the tolerance can be modified at any time by selecting the Setup command If the height of the instrument is changed the measurement has to be taken again towards the reference benchmark To terminate the staking phase select the C ose command 28 when it has to be right Seica Geosystems 2 3 12 Inclined reference plane stakeout Before proceeding ensure that you have identified the position of three reference points on the terrain which define the height of the three points through which the inclined plane to be staked out must pass If these reference points do not exist you cannot proceed to the stakeout To access the stakeout of an inclined reference plane select the following items in sequence from the active Job menu Stakeout Elevation by Plane Plane by 3 Points The program will show a dialogue window ones E where the following must be inserted Enter the required heights and the stakeouttolerance Net sight and shootthe3 reference control points to define the plane e the height of the instrument field height L height 1 6 Tat height 2 0 e the reflector height field 7gt height e the stakedout tolerance field Height Height tolerance 0 020 tolerance Shoot F Shoot P2 Shoot P3 The staking tolerance indicates the
90. the lower part of the direction indicator all the directions will be START NEAR RVRS CONFIG inverted that is if it was FORW it becomes BACK and vice oor a versa LEFT becomes RIGHT and vice versa the orientation of the arrow which shows the movement direction to follow will consequently be modified 35 gt when it has to be right AACA Geosystems LEFT 6 367 CUT 0 110 D HE 3 680 3DCQ 0 020m The length of the path to be followed to stake the planned points can be optimized reduced by instructing the program to select one of the nearest points among the points to be staked out according to two operational modes As soon as the operator on following the Instructions given on screen by the program brings the rover close to the point to be staked at a distance of less than 5 meters the graphical Indications vary Point closest to the last staked point by activating the corresponding option in the configuration dialogue press CONFIG enable the Stake the closest point to last one staked option this informs the program that when a staked point is confirmed it must automatically choose another point among the ones to be staked closest to the point which was Just staked Point closest to the current position by pressing the WEAR command the activation of this command forces the program to select the point among the ones to be staked closest to the current rover position FORM LEF
91. the point with the specified code number The modification of a station data will lead to the recalculation of the F e d book Delete a station select the station to be deleted from the list and then select the 7V command a new series of commands will appear press DEL STN The application will request a confirmation of the operation and will delete the station and all the measurements taken by that station The deletion of a station will lead to the recalculation of the Fie d book The points surveyed by the Station will not be deleted however their coordinates may change on account of the measurements taken towards them by another station in case of hyper determined points the coordinates assigned are the average of the coordinates obtained by each measurement towards these points Add a measurement Select the station from the Haei e 3 list and then select the MSR command a new series Point id maS of commands will appear press VEW MSR Specify the code number of the point to be measured a ames CONOERLINE comment optional prism height optional Prism height 2 0 measurement data horizontal angle vertical angle W Angle 101 3827 2 inclined distance Confirm the data H Angle 0 1847 Slope dist 45 17 The addition of a measurement will recalculate the Field book f the point indicated by the measurement has known and fixed coordinates CANCEL Coords from measures option is not checked in the Em kp UE
92. the program automatically saves the point and closes the acquisition window The automatic saving occurs only if the Auto STOP option is also active and the requirements of that option are also satisfied see the point above All the acquired points are saved in the Point ps 4 List This list can be accessed without ending r the survey phase by pressing the 7oo s norn button and then pressing Point List It will be 0 240 possible to modify add or delete points from 0 196 the Point List 0 735 0 020 See also Point List 0 132 3 330 0 130 O39 00 01 6800N O0 O0 03 6240 E 0 401 0 090 O39 0001L5480N OOS 00 03 8220 E B 1 480 0 190 O39 00 01 7400 N 009 00 03 7560 EF si E lbm sps _0018 UII 15 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems 2 3 Stakeout pren ri i The application can stakeout points using MyJob amf Total Station or GPS The preparation phases E for the stakeout of points are different based on the instrument used See e Stakeout with Total Station e Stakeout with GPS Ibm sps _ 0014 2 3 1 Stakeout with Total Station Using the stakeout tools through the total nt station the position of the points on the ground can be determined in various ways See e Stakeout by distance and offset and placing of nails on batter boards e Taping e Polar stakeout e Reference plane stakeout lbmixpe _ 0020 16 when it has to be right CACA Geosystems
93. to East 0 000 select the point from the Point List _ North 0 000 e Ant height height of the GPS antenna phase pe QT center e Fast North and Ortho Height local coordinates of lbm xps_ O08 49 os when it has to be right CACA Geosystems Insert the required values or press the Cancel button to end the operation Occupy the point corresponding to the local EE r coordinates inserted with the GPS verify that the LBM XPS FA pole is in a perfectly vertical position and then start Point id the acquisition by pressing the Occupy button The Remark GPS resection pt S S S program will show a dialogue window which pat height D000 displays the progress of the GPS coordinate ay acquisition Ser iii ci 3D CQ 0 015m During the acquisition phase the following are Lat 033 00 01 5900 N Lon 009 00 03 8220 E displayed and updated continuously on the screen Height 3 720 the number of readings taken the 3D CQ value and the current geographic coordinates lbm sps OOBE When the 3D CQ value quality of the coordinates gives the estimated error of the current GPS position in meters rests at a value which is not very high typically 1 2 centimeters or millimeters press the Stop command If the GPS could calculate the coordinates latitude pee longitude and the ellipsoidal height the Sfore command will show instead of the Stop command The acquisition can be re executed by pressing t
94. ve if it is beyond the zero point and in the opposite direction of the second point on the line The distance perpendicular the offset to the line will be negative if the point to be staked is to the right of the line taken from point zero towards the second point positive if the point to be staked is to the left of the line To define the reference line see Definition of the principal line To start the stakeout by distance and offset select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Stakeout Dist Ofs amp B Board Dist Ofs From Shoot The stakeout dialogue window features Sightthe pointthen measureto compute theoffsets fromthe e A button to start measurement on reference alignment top nee e The information of the two perpendicular distances X distance from alignment pole corresponding to the measured point 9 390 and relative to the reference line in Y distance from alignment the center 0 995 atR e A schematic representation of the measured point position with respect to the line at the bottom The schematic representation of the lEm xps OOS measured point position is not scaled and must be used solely as a visual reference 18 m when it has to be right Cica Geosystems 2 3 4 Placing of nails on batter boards TPS The stakeout to place nails on the batter board involves calculating the position of the point on the batter board in which to place a nail after having defined a prin
95. visaged In particular it is possible to indicate the maximum values of the planimetric distance and height difference beyond which the point is not considered to be precisely staked out To further help the operator the program can be programmed so that it emits a loud warning as soon as the operator comes close to the correct position of the point to be staked out and also that it automatically selects the next point to be staked out among those in the immediate vicinity of the last staked out point To start staking out with the GPS select the following items in sequence from the active job menu Stakeout Points 31 a when it has to be right AACA Geosystems 2 3 14 GPS Stakeout Configuration LEM XPS On starting the GPS stakeout of points it is Ja53 a oe 41 necessary to proceed with the configuration 12 which must define Stakeout job points to be staked The default configuration of the program if the operator confirms the first dialogue window displayed without modifying any option Is the following the source of the The source of the points to be staked The destination for the staked points The reference system of coordinates lt Current job gt Store job staked pointer lt Do not store gt Reference system points to be staked out that is the list of the CONT CANCEL planned points is in the active job the final Ibm xps 0040 coordinates of staked points will not be stored the re
96. window containing the selection and measurement of the existing points press the Back button 44 o when it has to be right eca Geosystems If the Confirm or OK button has been pressed the application will show an additional confirmation request which gives the average error and maximum error detected between the existing point pairs Evaluate whether the average error and the maximum error are satisfactory and If so press the OK button to definitely confirm the station set up If not press the Cance button to return to the calculation results page and to the previous screens from here Then verify the factors which determine the significant differences incorrect coordinates for existing points inaccurate measurements reflector not in vertical position etc 45 10 08 33 LEM XPS Average pt pt dist error 0 055 Max pt pt dist error 0 007 Confirm the station setup lbm sps OORS Geosystems 2 4 5 Station by alignment In case the instrument must occupy any one position on the ground and simultaneously an alignment must be defined by measuring two previously identified reference points marked on the ground with posts nails or others the station can be set up with the alignment method This type of set up is indicated in cases where it is desired to proceed to positioning the nails on the batter boards or to stakeout points by distance and offset A condition necessary to use this type of s

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