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OpenShift All Versions User Guide

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1. 2 3 3 Cloning Application Files After you have created an application using the OpenShift Management Console run the git clone command to copy the application s remote repository into your local working directory Procedure 2 11 To clone the remote repository 1 Click My Applications in the navigation bar at the top of the page and click on the application you want to clone 2 Copy the entire SSH address located in the GIT REPOSITORY box 3 Open a terminal and use the following command to clone the remote repository to the working directory replacing the example SSH address with the address for your application 20 Chapter 2 OpenShift Web Interface git clone ssh a261d0fc2932413694456e3473fdc972 crossword gametime example com git crossword git The git clone command copies the template application files from the remote repository into the working directory Edit the template application files to develop your own application 2 4 Monitoring Application Resources As described earlier in scaled applications are automatically allocated increased OpenShift resources based on demand A scaled application can be allocated multiple gears as the demand increases The amount of resources utilized by an application can be easily monitored and viewed from the OpenShift Management Console Follow the instructions below to monitor and view application resources The instructions below assume that a scaled application has already be
2. Jenkins integrates with other OpenShift applications To start building with Jenkins you need to add the Jenkins Client to an existing application From then on running a git push command initiates a build process inside a Jenkins builder instead of inside your normal application compute space For custom applications or applications that have no upstream repositories the build process can be initiated directly from the Jenkins web interface without having to run the git push command Using the embedded Jenkins Client build system provides numerous benefits Archived build information No application downtime during the build process Failed builds do not get deployed leaving the previous working version in place Jenkins builders have additional resources for example memory and storage A large community of Jenkins plug ins 3 8 4 2 The Build and Deploy Process in OpenShift The OpenShift build and deploy process comprises four steps 1 Pre receive This occurs when you run a git push command but before the push is fully committed 2 Build This builds your application downloads required dependencies executes the openshift action_hooks build script and prepares everything for deployment 3 Deploy This performs any required tasks necessary to prepare the application for starting including running the openshift action_hooks deploy script This step occurs immediately before the application is issued a start command 4 Post
3. Take note of the credentials and other information that this command provides 3 6 3 4 3 Managing MongoDB Instances with a Browser After you have added a MongoDB database and the RockMongo cartridge to your application you can navigate to and start exploring your database Use the URL and RockMongo User and RockMongo https myMongo myDomain example com rockmongo Below is an example of the RockMongo web interface RockMongo Mozilla Firefox on express openshiftexample com y File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help 4 e EET https myMongo ming rhcloud com rockmongo gt v Localhost Tools v Master admin Manuals Logout English RockMongo v1 1 0 Server Databases amp admin amp Overview Statistics New Collection Command Execute Transfer Export Import More E admin 2 system indexes 1 E sy Size 32m E system users 1 Create Is Empty No local Collections 2 collections E nongobongo 3 Drop All system indexes z Clear All system users Objects 5 Data Size 280 Storage Size 16k Extents 3 Indexes al Index Size 7 98k Figure 3 1 RockMongo Web Interface Refer to RockMongo documentation for further information on how to use this interface to manage your database 3 6 3 4 4 Managing MongoDB Instances in a Shell Environment After you have added a MongoDB database and the RockMongo cartridge to your application as can manage you
4. C Allow attempted changes of usemame in SSH 2 Private key file for authentication Figure 3 9 Find SSH Key When you have browsed to the id_rsa ppk file click Open as shown in the figure below in ssh Catestapp amm My Documents My Computer File name id_rsa a i PuTTY Private Key Files pk C Open as read only Figure 3 10 Select SSH Key 5 With your id_rsa ppk key selected click Open as shown in the figure below This will open an SSH connection to your application gear OpenShift All Versions User Guide 51 Category Terminal A Options controlling SSH authentication Keyboard Bell C Bypass authentication entirely SSH 2 only Features Display pre authentication banner SSH 2 only E Window mS 5 Authentication methods Appearance Behaviour Attempt authentication using Pageant Translation C Attempt TIS or CryptoCard auth SSH 1 Selection Attempt keyboard nteractive auth SSH 2 Colours E Connection Authentication parameters C Allow agent forwarding C Allow attempted changes of usemame in SSH 2 Private key file for authentication c Documents and Settings Administrat Tunnels Bugs Figure 3 11 Connect to Application Gear If a security warning is displayed click Yes to accept it An SSH terminal window will open similar to the example shown below Using username aa8d89ed311741e7b84d4edb82b11e0d Au
5. Revision 2 0 21 0 Tue Dec 11 2012 Brian Moss OpenShift Online 2 0 21 release Add Python and Node js to hot deploy app types Update Bugzilla component to OpenShift Origin Revision 2 2 20 4 Wed Nov 21 2012 Brian Moss Bug 878728 Couple of typos Bug 878724 Add a note that RH does not provide support for Mongo Bug 878722 Replace references to rhcloud com with example com Bug 878318 Change product name from OpenShift to OpenShift Enterprise Bug 856924 Update references to man pages Updated OpenShift logo Revision 2 2 19 2 Tue Nov 06 2012 Brian Moss BZ 865028 Heading uses non standard capitalization Update sub title and abstract for OpenShift Enterprise version Index Applications 72 Revision History destroying B Build System Jenkins Introduction to Jenkins D see also Applications OpenShift All Versions User Guide feedback help see also Applications see also Applications see also Applications 73 74 Revision History R see also Applications Security see also Users Storage types Users managing
6. 3 5 3 Hot Deploying Applications When you run the git push command to upload code modifications OpenShift stops builds deploys and restarts your application This entire process takes time to complete and is unnecessary for many types of code changes Hot deploying your application allows your changes to take effect without restarting the application cartridge thus increasing deployment speed and minimizing application downtime OpenShift provides support for hot deployment through a hot_deploy marker file If the marker is present supported application cartridges automatically hot deploy when you run the git push command Table 3 1 Application types that can or cannot be hot deployed Type of Application Hot Deploy JBoss Application Server 7 1 Yes JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 0 Yes PHP 5 3 Yes Perl 5 10 Yes Ruby 1 9 Yes Ruby 1 8 7 Yes Python 2 6 Yes Node js 0 6 Yes Jenkins No HAProxy No DIY No 3 5 3 1 Hot Deployment Build Details JBoss AS 7 1 and JBoss EAP 6 0 When you hot deploy JBoss AS 7 1 and JBoss EAP 6 0 applications the Maven build is executed either with Jenkins or without but the server does not restart Following the build the JBoss HDScanner notices any modifications and redeploys them If previously deployed artifacts are removed as part of the update they are undeployed automatically PHP 5 3 Perl 5 10 Python 2 6 and Node js 0 6 When you hot deploy PHP 5 3 Perl 5 10 Python 2 6 and N
7. Creating Applications OpenShift All Versions User Guide 5 3 4 1 Introduction 3 4 2 Creating Non scaled Applications 3 4 3 Creating Scaled Applications 3 4 4 Using Arbitrary DNS Names 3 5 Editing and Deploying Applications 3 5 1 Preparing Your Application for Deployment 3 5 2 Deploying Your Application to the Cloud 3 5 3 Hot Deploying Applications 3 5 4 Deploying JBoss Applications 3 6 Using Cartridges with the CLI 3 6 1 Adding Cartridges with the CLI 3 6 2 Managing Cartridges 3 6 3 Working With Database Cartridges 3 7 Creating Application Snapshots 3 8 Managing Applications 3 8 1 Using Application Management Commands 3 8 2 Managing Applications in a Shell Environment 3 8 3 Managing Applications in a Secure Shell Environment on Windows 3 8 4 Using the Jenkins Embedded Build System 3 8 5 Managing Application Builds with Jenkins 3 8 6 Using Environment Variables 3 8 7 Using Node js 3 8 8 Scheduling Timed Jobs with Cron 3 8 9 Sending and Receiving Email 4 Application Maintenance Monitoring and Troubleshooting 4 1 Monitoring Applications with the MongoDB Monitoring Service MMS 4 1 1 Setting up MMS 4 1 2 Monitoring Your Applications with MMS 4 2 Managing Your Application Disk Space 4 2 1 The Disk Space Cleanup Tool 4 3 Troubleshooting JBoss Applications 4 3 1 Using Thread Dumps to Troubleshoot JBoss Applications 4 3 2 Inspecting Server Boot and Other Log Files 4 4 Performing Application M
8. RSA SSH 2 RSA O SSH 2 DSA Number of bits in a generated key 1024 Figure 3 4 Save Key 5 Navigate to the user ssh folder and verify that you now have three SSH key files The id_rsa ppk key will be used to establish an SSH connection to your OpenShift application You can close PuTT Ygen Step 3 Locate Application Username and Hostname Each application created on OpenShift gets a unique UUID and gear name that is used to clone the remote Git repository to your local repository You can use the rhc domain info command or the OpenShift Management Console to get this information for the application to which you wish to establish an SSH connection Both examples are shown below 48 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface Use the rhc domain info command and note down the UUID and gear name of your application as highlighted in the figure below In this example the UUID and gear name are highlighted for the application named testapp Git URL Figure 3 5 Application UUID and Gear Name Alternatively you can use the OpenShift Management Console to get the required information for your application From the OpenShift Management Console click on the My Applications tab then click the name of the application you wish to access The UUID and gear name can be found under the G T REPOSITORY heading as highlighted in the figure below Figure 3 6 Application UUID and Gear Name_WebUI Take note of this in
9. detailed information showing exactly how the gears are being utilized as shown in the figure below STARTED 2SMALL NEW TO OPENSHIFT NEED HELP Figure 2 8 Application Gear Details This cartridge uses 1 scale The remaining gears run copies of the web cartridge Because a scaled application is monitored by the HAProxy cartridge this information is displayed in the OpenShift Management Console under your application information as highlighted in the figure below Click Scales with HAProxy to get information about testing the scaling function of your application MY APPLICATIONS TESTAPP Testapp ntpesi Cartridges Python 2 6 Scales with HAProxy Z J ng int rhcloud com devtesting int rncloud com git testapp git able Jenkins builds Figure 2 9 HAProxy Information STARTED 2SMALL ADD CARTRIDGE Delete ALIASES No alias set NEW TO OPENSHIFT arted tips for this apr NEED HELP 22 Chapter 2 OpenShift Web Interface K At the time of this writing the scaling function cannot be disabled from an application The only way to disable scaling is to remove the scaled application and create a new application without the scaling option 2 5 Editing and Deploying Applications To deploy your application to the cloud you need to make any required changes to your application code base commit those changes to your local repository and then update the remote repository Application C
10. remote git repository is created and automatically cloned to your current directory on your local machine Further the hostname and IP address of your application is added to the list of known hosts ssh known_hosts Prerequisites Application creation requires a reliable network connection The rhc app create command only makes a single attempt to create your application OpenShift makes up to seven checks for the DNS entry to exist and returns a failure message if not found If you continue to experience timeout issues you may need to use the timeout option on the 30 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface command line to override the default values OpenShift uses two timeout parameters a connection timeout which determines how long the client tries to connect to the server before timing out and a read timeout which determines how long the client waits for a response from the server The default connection timeout value is 20 seconds The default read timeout value is 120 seconds The timeout option affects both timeout parameters but it can only be used to increase values from the default You cannot set the timeout value to be less than the default For example if you use timeout 56 it sets the connection timeout value to 50 seconds but does not affect the read timeout value If you use timeout 150 it sets both the connection and read timeout values to 150 seconds 3 4 2 Creating Non scaled Applications U
11. MySQL is a multi user multi threaded SQL database server MongoDB NoSQL Database 2 0 MongoDB is a scalable high performance open source NoSQL database PostgreSQL Database 8 4 PostgreSQL is an advanced object relational database management system 14 Chapter 1 OpenShift Architecture Overview Management Cartridges phpMyAdmin 3 4 phpMyAdmin is a web based MySQL administration tool RockMongo 1 1 RockMongo is a web based MongoDB administration tool 10gen MMS agent 0 1 10gen s MongoDB Monitoring Service MMS Jenkins Client 1 4 a client for managing Jenkins enabled applications HAProxy 1 4 a high performance TCP HTTP load balancer Cron 1 4 Cron is a daemon that runs specified programs at scheduled times OpenShift Metrics 0 1 OpenShift Metrics is an experimental cartridge for monitoring applications OpenShift All Versions User Guide 15 Chapter 2 OpenShift Web Interface K Before you start working through the procedures and examples in the following chapters refer to the Getting Started Guide to ensure that you have performed all of the necessary steps to set up your environment for OpenShift 2 1 Accessing the OpenShift Management Console OpenShift applications can be created and managed using the OpenShift Management Console a graphical user interface accessed with a browser The Management Console also allows you to manage your OpenShift account settings and provides links to OpenShift d
12. You can use the following options with the rhc app cartridge command specifying the application and cartridge to manage with the a AppName and c CartType arguments Table 3 3 Application management command argument options Option Details list Lists supported cartridges add Adds a cartridge remove Removes an added cartridge stop Stops an added cartridge start Starts an added cartridge restart Restarts an added cartridge status Returns the status of an added cartridge reload Reloads the configuration of an added cartridge 3 6 3 Working With Database Cartridges OpenShift provides support for several database back ends including PostgreSQL and MySQL The procedures for adding these databases to your applications are the same in each case 3 6 3 1 Using Database Environment Variables When you add a database cartridge OpenShift automatically creates a database with the same name as the application and creates several environment variables The following are examples of these variables OPENSHIFT_DB_CTL_SCRIPT var lib libra 48afdc700f6240dabbb313f2a824f9ea mysql 5 1 wootle_mysql_ctl sh OPENSHIFT_DB_HOST 127 1 1 10 OPENSHIFT_DB_PASSWORD ad3eR 4agk8z OPENSHIFT_DB_PORT 3306 OPENSHIFT_DB_SOCKET var lib libra 48afdc700f6240dabbb313f2a824f9ea mysql 5 1 socket mysql sock OPENSHIFT_DB_TYPE mysql 5 1 OPENSHIFT_DB_URL mysql admin F 7SCRSJAMZR 127 1 45 1 3306 OPENSHIFT_DB_USERNAME admin O
13. can type help at the shell prompt to get a list of the specialized shell commands 3 6 3 4 4 1 Opening a Mongo Shell From the shell prompt use the following command to open an authenticated Mongo shell to run all Mongo shell commands substituting the Root Username and Root Password obtained previously for your MongoDB instance myMongo ming example com gt mongo u admin p zVumUTBNKbXz admin The example below demonstrates an open Mongo shell and use of the show users Mongo shell command OpenShift All Versions User Guide 43 Example 3 3 Running Mongo Shell Commands mongo u admin p zVMongoDB shell version 2 0 2 rc1 connecting to 127 0 250 129 27017 admin umUTBNKbXz admin show users id ObjectId 4ee55d39078e94193206e157 user admin readOnly false pwd aba43436961fbc6145261a12ed94b8Ff7 Refer to the MongoDB website and documentation for more information on Mongo shell commands 3 7 Creating Application Snapshots You can use the rhc app snapshot save command to create a snapshot of your application and download it as a gzip archive This also downloads any locally created log and other files and maintains the directory structure that exists on the server For example rhc app snapshot save a ApplicationName filepath Local Path To Save Tarball about this command 3 8 Managing Applications Use the rhc app command to manage your applications view application status and st
14. connect to the database PGPASSWORD password psql h 127 0 251 129 U admin d appname psql 8 4 9 Type help for help appname The last line in the output indicates a successful connection to the database As a further check you can run a simple query appname select 1 as a 2 as b 3 as c a bliec he oe ene ore pe TERES 1 row 3 6 3 4 Adding and Managing MongoDB Instances 3 6 3 4 1 Overview OpenShift supports MongoDB a customizable back end database for web applications OpenShift also supports RockMongo a MongoDB administration tool You can add RockMongo to your applications and use it to manage your MongoDB instances 3 6 3 4 2 Using MongoDB with OpenShift Applications Use the rhc app cartridge add command to add a MongoDB database instance to your OpenShift All Versions User Guide 41 application and to add RockMongo to control that database instance The following procedure demonstrates how to create a new application and how to use MongoDB and RockMongo with that application Procedure 3 12 How to use MongoDB and RockMongo with OpenShift applications 1 Create a new application rhc app create a myMongo t php 5 3 2 Add the MongoDB cartridge to your application rhc app cartridge add a myMongo c mongodb 2 0 Take note of the credentials and other information that this command provides 3 Add the RockMongo cartridge to your application rhc app cartridge add a myMongo c rockmongo 1 1
15. deploy This step allows for interaction with the running application including running the openshift action_hooks post_deploy script This step occurs immediately after the application is started Building Without Jenkins Building without Jenkins uses your application space as part of the build and test process Because of this the application is shut down so that its memory can be used for building Building with Jenkins Building with Jenkins uses dedicated application space which can be larger than the application runtime space Because the build occurs in its own dedicated jail the running application is not shut down or changed in any way until after the build succeeds If the build fails the currently active application will OpenShift All Versions User Guide 53 continue to run However a failure in the deployment process deploy start post_deploy may still leave the application partially deployed or inaccessible 3 8 4 3 Resource Requirements for Jenkins You can use the Jenkins application to build any number of applications this is limited only by the number of gears you have available For example if you create a PHP application and MySQL database on the first gear then Jenkins will be added to a separate gear A third gear will be used for the Jenkins builder In other words whenever the Jenkins builder is active it occupies one of your available gears 3 8 5 Managing Application Builds with Jenkins 3 8 5
16. detailed in the table below Table 1 2 Applications that can or cannot be scaled Type of Application Scalable JBoss Application Server 7 1 Yes JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 0 Yes PHP 5 3 Yes Python 2 6 Yes Perl 5 10 Yes Ruby 1 9 Yes Ruby 1 8 7 Yes Node js 0 6 Yes Jenkins No HAProxy No DIY No K You can only add MySQL 5 1 MongoDB PostgreSQL or Jenkins Client 1 4 cartridges to scaled applications Automatic and Manual Scaling By default when you create a scaled OpenShift application it is automatically scaled based on the number of requests But OpenShift also allows you to manually scale your application by disabling the automatic scaling feature Scaled applications can be created with the OpenShift client tools using the CLI 1 4 Cartridges Cartridges are the components of an OpenShift application and include databases build systems and management capabilities Adding a cartridge to an application provides the desired capability without requiring you to administer or update the included feature Examples of cartridges include the different language cartridges PHP Ruby etc that you select from when creating an application database cartridges such as PostgreSQL and MySQL and management cartridges such as the cron scheduler cartridge that lets you set up timed jobs for your applications At the time of writing the following cartridges are available Database Cartridges MySQL Database 5 1
17. every git push after build but before the application is restarted openshift action_hooks post_d Script that gets run every git push after the application is restarted eploy You can create additional directories if needed but do not delete the node_modules and openshift directories K When you git push everything in your remote repository directory is recreated Place items that you want to persist between pushes such as a database in the data directory on the gear where your OpenShift application is running 3 8 7 2 Installing Node Modules package json file Package json describes how your package is structured and is used by npm to install and manage your application The dependencies hash in the package j son file can be used to specify the Node modules and optionally the version to install alongside your application locally on the OpenShift environment when you git push your application For more information see Example package json entry dependencies coffee script 1 3 3 connect optimist lt 0 3 4 socket io ty OpenShift All Versions User Guide 59 node_modules directory The npm_global_module_1ist file contains a list of globally installed modules You can override a globally available module by specifying it in package json or by packaging it in the node_modules directory Node gives preference to the locally installed version of that module 3 8 7 3 Common Node j
18. example PHP Python and Ruby Rails OpenShift also generates a limited DNS for you OpenShift provides dedicated var tmp and tmp directories for each user application The var tmp directory is a symbolic link to tmp Each tmp directory is completely isolated from the tmp directories of all other applications Files not touched in these directories for any 10 day period are deleted The two basic functional units of OpenShift are the Broker which provides the interface and the Cartridges which provide application frameworks Broker The Broker is the single point of contact for all application management activities It is responsible for managing user logins DNS application state and general orchestration of the application Customer interaction with the broker is generally performed using either the Web console CLI tools or JBoss tools using a REST based API Cartridges Cartridges provide the actual functionality necessary to run applications Numerous cartridges are currently available to support languages such as Perl PHP and Ruby as well as many database cartridges such as PostgreSQL and MySQL Figure 1 1 High level OpenShift Platform Overview 1 2 System Resources and Application Containers The system resources and security containers provided by the OpenShift platform are gears nodes and districts Gears Gears provide a resource constrained container where you can run one or more cartridges They
19. following command cp target example war deployments To replace currently deployed unzipped content with a new version and deploy it run the following commands git rm rf deployments example war cp r target example war deployments touch deployments example war dodeploy 3 6 Using Cartridges with the CLI The OpenShift client tools provide a full range of commands for managing cartridges that you add to your applications You can view the cartridges associated with your applications by running the rhc domain show command To view an individual application s information use rhc app show a AppName Installed cartridges are listed under the Embedded heading 3 6 1 Adding Cartridges with the CLI The current list of available cartridges can be viewed by running the rhc app cartridge list command Note that certain cartridges can only be added after a prerequisite cartridge is added Cartridge descriptions in the OpenShift website Management Console detail these dependencies K You can only add MySQL 5 1 MongoDB PostgreSQL or Jenkins Client 1 4 cartridges to scaled applications Procedure 3 11 To add a cartridge using the CLI Run the following command replacing AppName and CartType with the name of the application to which you want to add a cartridge and the type of cartridge you want to add rhc app cartridge add a AppName c CartType 3 6 2 Managing Cartridges OpenShift All Versions User Guide 39
20. namespace with your application name and namespace respectively 2 Run the following command to retrieve all the necessary connection and credential information for your application echo OPENSHIFT_NOSQL_DB_URL Procedure 4 2 How to add hosts to MMS 2 Click the Hosts button at the top of the page to display the New Host dialog box 3 Enter the required details and then click Add This adds the host details to the agent which immediately starts collecting and storing data New Host X MMS will automatically discover connected hosts If you have a sharded cluster you can seed MMS with a single mongos If you have a replica set you can add any member If you have a master slave cluster you must add the slave s Hostname Port Db username admin Db Password Add security credentials are optional Figure 4 1 Adding a New Host to MMS 4 1 2 2 Using a Browser to Monitor Your Applications After you have added the MMS agent to your application and added your host details to MMS you can 64 Chapter 4 Application Maintenance Monitoring and Troubleshooting use the web interface to monitor your application s performance Procedure 4 3 How to monitor your applications with MMS 2 Click the name of the host that you want to monitor to view the available data collection streams You can customize this page to suit your own requirements Refer to the 10gen documentation for full detai
21. to generate SSH 1 RSA SSH 2 RSA O SSH 2 DSA Number of bits in a generated key 1024 Figure 3 2 Import SSH Key 3 Navigate to the user ssh folder and select the id_r sa key file to import as shown in the figure below OpenShift All Versions User Guide 47 aS Fes BES E id_rsa pub My Recent Documents e Desktop laS My Documents My Computer File name id_rsa Files of type All Files C Open as read only My Network Figure 3 3 Select SSH Key to Import 4 Your private SSH key should now be imported to PuTT Ygen as shown in the figure below Click Save private key and save the id_rsa ppk file in the user ssh folder where the original keys are stored File Key Conversions Help Key Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file ssh sa AAAAB3NzaC Tyc2EAAAADAGABAAAAGGDWYtn 1 QGaCYFuH n wikpwSGLimWij8e 4 4mEAJ Kre2gylD 3xDHb4 LVGbVg04FafEniMVb 3LwOe04QzkkH 1zrP SuGskmXil1Zsp OyPSUr mHnrCKjPtOfHtgr8QCtB Snv PitQW S zr4z Ib KuaG6 r3DYqt4 7Gp 18HeSVis8w imported openssh key Key fingerprint ssh sa 1024 2d 17 45 6948 d4 de 37 97 ef 31 5 e7 81 8F 46 Key comment imported openssh key Key passphrase Confim passphrase Actions Generate a public private key pair Load an existing private key file ad Save the generated key Save public key Save private key Parameters Type of key to generate O SSH 1
22. usr lib 00 21 46 569 INFO org jboss as server deployment MSC service thread 1 2 Starting deployment of ROOT war 00 21 46 657 INFO org jboss as jpa MSC service thread 1 2 added javax persistence api dependency to ROOT war gt myJBoss logs boot log lt sun jnu encoding UTF 8 sun management compiler HotSpot 64 Bit Tiered Compilers user country US user dir tmp 00 21 45 337 INFO org jboss as logging Removing bootstrap log handlers lt output truncated gt OpenShift All Versions User Guide 67 The ability to obtain thread dumps and to inspect log files can greatly enhance your ability to troubleshoot your applications should any problems arise 4 4 Performing Application Maintenance from Your Workstation 4 4 1 Port Forwarding You can forward remote ports on your server to your workstation to make it easier to manage various services such as MySQL The rhc port forward command provides a wrapper for the ssh command and determines which remote ports should be forwarded to your workstation K Ensure that your application is running before attempting to configure port forwarding Refer to the following example rhc port forward a App01 Password Checking available ports Binding httpd gt 127 0 251 1 8080 Use ctl c to stop In this example you could now open a browser and connect to your remote application as if it were running locally The current implementation of the rhc port fo
23. your changes to your local Git repository git commit m disable auto scaling 3 Push your changes to your application s remote repository using the git push command git push Now that you have disabled the automatic scaling feature of your application the next section describes how you can manually scale your application 3 4 3 2 Scaling an Application Manually After disabling the automatic scaling feature of your application you can manually control the scaling function of your application The instructions below describe how you can manually scale your application up or down Procedure 3 4 To manually scale an application 1 Create an SSH connection to your scaled application as shown in the example below p ad A or H bs ule 32 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface ssh AppUUID AppName DomainName example com 2 Use the add gear or remove gear command to manually scale your application up or down a Run the following command to scale up an application app domain example com gt add gear a AppName u AppUUID n DomainName b Run the following command to scale down an application app domain example com gt remove gear a AppName u AppUUID n DomainName 3 4 4 Using Arbitrary DNS Names You can specify meaningful DNS names for your OpenShift applications so that you can use your own DNS entries instead of example com For example for the two applications in the pre
24. 000000fe5c0000 to space 128K 0 used 0x00000000fe5c0000 0x00000000fe5c0000 0x00000000fe5e0000 PSOldGen total 64896K used 9239K 0x00000000fa000000 0x00000000fdf60000 0x00000000F e000000 object space 64896K 14 used Ox00000000Fa000000 0x00000000fa905ce8 0x00000000fdf60000 PSPermGen total 33344kK used 33326K 0x00000000f4200000 Ox00000000F6290000 0x00000000fa000000 object space 33344K 99 used Ox00000000F 4200000 0x00000000F628b930 0x00000000F 6290000 lt output truncated gt 4 3 2 Inspecting Server Boot and Other Log Files You can use the rhe app tail command to inspect other JBoss application log files If you include your application name as the only argument this command will tail the contents of all files in the lt appName gt logs directory The following shows abbreviated output from this command rhc app tail a myJBoss Password Attempting to tail files myJBoss logs Use ctl c to stop gt myJBoss logs server log lt 00 21 45 831 INFO org apache catalina core AprLifecycleListener MSC service thread 1 1 The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java library path usr lib jvm java 1 6 0 openjdk 1 6 0 0 x86_64 jre lib amd64 server usr lib jvm java 1 6 0 openjdk 1 6 0 0 x86_64 jre lib amd64 usr lib jvm java 1 6 0 openjdk 1 6 0 0 x86_64 jre lib amd64 usr java packages lib amd64 usr 1ib64 11b64 1i b
25. 1 Manually generate a new pair of keys replacing KeyType with the type of key your want to generate either dsa or rsa ssh keygen t KeyType 2 By default the new SSH keys are located in the home username ssh directory 2 2 4 2 Adding a Key Procedure 2 7 To adda key 1 Access the Management Console and click My Account in the navigation bar at the top of the page 2 Inthe Public Keys section click Add a new key 3 Enter a name for your key then paste the public key in the space provided 18 Chapter 2 OpenShift Web Interface 4 Click Create to add your public key Pr important If you copy and paste your SSH key from an editor or terminal with the word wrap function enabled the key may include unnecessary line breaks Therefore the OpenShift web console will reject the SSH key and the upload process will fail Make sure that when you paste your key into the web console the key contents are correct and do not contain any unnecessary line breaks 2 2 4 3 Removing a Key Procedure 2 8 To remove a key 1 Access the Management Console and click My Account in the navigation bar at the top of the page 2 Inthe Public Keys section click Delete next to the key you want to remove 3 Adialog box appears asking you to confirm the deletion Click OK to confirm 2 3 Creating Applications Creating applications using the OpenShift Management Console is a simple process 2 3 1 Creating Basic Applications OpenShif
26. 1 Setting up Jenkins This section describes how to set up Jenkins to automatically rebuild your application when you make changes to your local repository and then push those changes to the remote repository daam The following procedures assume that you already have a valid user account for OpenShift 3 8 5 1 1 Creating a Jenkins enabled Application You can enable Jenkins with new applications either scaled or non scaled Use the rhc app create command to create a scaled or non scaled application with an associated Jenkins application and to add the Jenkins client to your application Creating a Non scaled Jenkins enabled application Use the rhc app create command as shown below to create a non scaled application with an associated Jenkins application and to add the Jenkins client to your application Ensure that you take note of the login credentials that this command outputs to the screen You will need these credentials to log in to the Jenkins home page E rhc app create a App01 t php 5 3 enable jenkins Creating a Scaled Jenkins enabled Application Use the rhc app create command with the s or scaling option to create a scaled application and the enable jenkins option to add the Jenkins client to your application as shown below f rhc app create a App01 t php 5 3 enable jenkins s OP important Take note of the login credentials that this command outputs to the screen You will need these cred
27. Boss Applications 3 5 4 1 Deploying on Java 6 or Java 7 You can run JBoss AS 7 and JBoss EAP 6 0 applications on either Java 6 or Java 7 The Java version is specified by a java7 marker file in your application s markers directory By default new JBoss applications have the java7 marker enabled Applications without the java7 marker are deployed using Java 6 Procedure 3 9 To use Java 7 Open a terminal and run the commands applicable to your operating system from your application s root directory to create the java7 marker file and update the remote repository Windows 36 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface C app_directory gt copy NUL gt openshift markers java7 C app_directory gt git add openshift markers java7 C app_directory gt git commit a m Add Java 7 marker C app_directory gt git push Linux and Mac user user app_directory touch openshift markers java7 user user app_directory git add openshift markers java7 user user app_directory git commit a m Add Java 7 marker user user app_directory git push Procedure 3 10 To use Java 6 Java 6 is enabled by deleting the java7 marker file Run the commands applicable to your operating system from your application s root directory to delete the java7 marker file and update the remote repository Windows C app_directory gt del openshift markers java7 C app_directory gt git commit a m Remove Java 7 marker C app_directory gt git
28. Enter your email address and click Reset Password A new password is sent to your email address Use this password to access the OpenShift Management Console and change your password 2 2 3 Changing Namespaces Changing your namespace deletes the old namespace and creates a new one It also automatically updates the public URLs and repository addresses for your applications In order to git push future changes to your applications after changing your namespace the git config file must be updated with the new repository address OpenShift uses a blacklist to restrict the list of available namespace and application names that you can use This list is maintained on the server If you try to change your namespace to any members of this blacklist the command will fail OP important This procedure alters the URLs for your applications You need to update any bookmarks and external links you have made to these URLs Links made using an alias do not need to be Procedure 2 4 To change your namespace 1 Access the Management Console and click My Account in the navigation bar at the top of the page 2 Scroll down to the Namespace section and click Change your namespace 3 Enter your desired namespace in the box provided and click Save Change your namespace Figure 2 2 Change Namespace Dialog The public URLs and repository addresses of your applications automatically update with the new namespace To enable the git push command to
29. O Aways O Never Only on clean ext Figure 3 7 Enter Hostname in PuTTY 3 In the expanded list of options under Connection click Data Now copy and paste the UUID of your application in the Auto login username text box as highlighted in the figure below Because the UUID is quite long it may not be fully visible Category E Session Data to send to the server Logging Login details Terminal Keyboard Bell When usemame is not specified Features Prompt O Use system usemame Administrator B Window Appearance Behaviour Teminal type string xterm Translation Selection Terminal speeds 38400 38400 Teminal details Colours O a Value Environment variables Figure 3 8 Enter UUID in PuTTY 4 In the expanded list of options under Connection SSH click Auth Then click Browse to locate the id_rsa ppk file you created earlier as shown in the figure below 50 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface Terminal j Options controlling SSH authentication Keyboard Bell C Bypass authentication entirely SSH 2 only Features Display pre authentication banner SSH 2 only B Window Appearance Behaviour Authentication methods Attempt authentication using Pageant Translation C Attempt TIS or CryptoCard auth SSH 1 Selection Attempt keyboard interactive auth SSH 2 Colours Authentication parameters C Allow agent forwarding
30. OpenShift All Versions User Guide 1 OpenShift User Guide Using OpenShift to manage your applications in the cloud Edition 2 0 Ss OPENSHIFT 2 Legal Notice Legal Notice Copyright 2012 Red Hat Inc The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3 0 Unported license CC BY SA An explanation of CC BY SA is available at document or an adaptation of it you must provide the URL for the original version Red Hat as the licensor of this document waives the right to enforce and agrees not to assert Section Ad of CC BY SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux the Shadowman logo JBoss MetaMatrix Fedora OpenShift the Infinity Logo and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat Inc registered in the United States and other countries Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and or its affiliates XFS is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp or its subsidiaries in the United States and or other countries All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners 1801 Varsity Drive Raleigh NC 27606 2072 USA Phone 1 919 754 3700 Phone 888 733 4281 Fax 1 919 754 3701 OpenShift All Versions User Guide 3 Abstract This guide provides an introduction to OpenShift and documents i
31. The following diagram illustrates the relationships between usernames namespaces domain names and applications Username Plato Namespace philosophy Domain Name philosophy rhcloud com Application Name AppOne Application Name AppTwo URL AppTwo philosophy rhcloud com URL AppOne philosophy rhcloud com Figure 1 4 Name Relationships Applications consist of a number of components Namespace The namespace is not directly related to DNS instead it provides a unique group identifier for all the applications of a specific user The namespace is appended to the application name to form a final application URL of the form http APP NAME NAMESPACE example com Application Name The user selected name of the application The final URL to access the application is of the form http APP NAME NAMESPACE example com 12 Chapter 1 OpenShift Architecture Overview Aliases Users can provide their own DNS names for the application by registering an alias with OpenShift and pointing the DNS entry to the OpenShift servers Application GIT repository A GIT repository is created for each application You can modify your code in the repository and then run git push to deploy the revised code Application dependencies You need to specify the cartridges required to run your application The following table describes the functions provided by cartridges Table 1 1 Cartridge Functions Function Description Framew
32. aintenance from Your Workstation 4 4 1 Port Forwarding 5 Storage Management 5 1 Backing up and Restoring Configuration and User Data 5 1 1 Creating Snapshots 5 1 2 Restoring Snapshots A Revision History Index 6 Preface Preface OpenShift is an enterprise class Platform as a Service PaaS OpenShift provides enterprise developers with a wide selection of programming languages and frameworks including Java Ruby PHP Perl Python and Node js It also provides integrated developer tools to support the application lifecycle including Eclipse integration JBoss Developer Studio Jenkins Maven and GIT OpenShift uses an open source ecosystem to provide key platform services for mobile applications Appcelerator NOSQL services MongoDB SQL services Postgres MySQL and more JBoss provides an enterprise class middleware platform for Java applications providing support for Java EE6 and integrated services such as transactions and messaging which are critical for enterprise applications The foundation of the OpenShift platform is Red Hat Enterprise Linux which provides a secure and scalable multi tenant operating system to address the needs of enterprise class applications as well as providing integrated application runtimes and libraries This guide provides an overview of the OpenShift architecture and continues with detailed descriptions and procedures for how to use the OpenShift client tools to create namespaces to crea
33. art stop restart reload and destroy applications You can also use it to list add or remove cartridges Refer to rhc app help for more information and a full list of the available options This command uses the following syntax rhc app lt action gt a ApplicationName Optional Arguments 3 8 1 Using Application Management Commands The following table describes the application management command options that you can use to manage an existing application in the cloud Table 3 4 Application management command argument options Option Details start Start an application in the cloud stop Stop an application that is currently running in the cloud restart Restart an application in the cloud reload Reload an application in the cloud status Display the current status of an application in the cloud destroy Remove an application from the cloud 44 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface 3 8 2 Managing Applications in a Shell Environment You can manage your OpenShift applications in a shell environment to perform specialized operations and general debugging The shell access provides specialized tools for managing your applications Pr important OO Shell access is quite powerful and it is possible to accidentally damage an application Therefore it is recommended you only use shell access when necessary 3 8 2 1 Opening a Shell Environment for an Application Node Before you can access your application in a shel
34. ation This section describes briefly how OpenShift authentication works and provides information on how to manage SSH keys for OpenShift user accounts For successful authentication the public SSH key on your computer must match the public key that has been uploaded to the OpenShift server When you perform the initial configuration of the OpenShift client tools the interactive setup wizard generates a new pair of SSH keys in the default ssh folder of your home directory The SSH key pair consists of the public key id_r sa pub and the private key id_rsa As part of the initial configuration you have the option of automatically uploading the public key id_rsa pub to the OpenShift server If you have not performed the initial configuration of the OpenShift client tools refer to the Getting Started Guide for more information 3 1 1 Resolving Authentication Issues Occasionally your local public key may not match the public key for your account on the OpenShift server or your key may not be found on the local file system This can cause connection issues or the SSH key authentication process can fail in which case a new pair of SSH keys must be generated If you are having problems authenticating there are two ways you can generate a new pair of SSH keys Use the interactive setup wizard recommended Generate and upload SSH keys manually 3 1 1 1 Using the Interactive Setup Wizard The recommended method of resolving authentic
35. ation issues is to use the interactive setup wizard to generate a new pair of SSH keys The interactive setup wizard will also provide the option of automatically uploading your new public key to the OpenShift server Use the command as shown below to launch the setup wizard and follow the onscreen instructions rhc setup Refer to the Getting Started Guide for more information about the OpenShift client tools interactive setup wizard 3 1 1 2 Generating and Uploading SSH Keys Manually Although not recommended advanced users can manually generate a new pair of SSH keys and upload the public key to the OpenShift server Follow the instructions below 26 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface Procedure 3 1 To manually generate a new pair of SSH keys and upload the public key to the server 1 Generate a new pair of keys ssh keygen t lt KeyType gt where KeyType is the type of key you want to generate either DSA or RSA 2 Add the new public key to the user account rhc sshkey add i lt KeyName gt k lt KeyPath gt 1 lt UserName gt where lt KeyPath gt is the path and filename of the public key that you want to add and lt KeyName gt is aname that you specify to identify this key 3 Add the new public key to the SSH agent ssh add lt KeyPath gt 3 1 2 Managing Multiple SSH Keys OpenShift provides command line tools to manage multiple SSH keys to control access to applications among different user
36. c app cartridge start a holy c cron 1 4 K The cron commands affect all cron jobs You cannot disable or enable individual cron jobs 3 8 9 Sending and Receiving Email 3 8 9 1 Overview OpenShift provides support for connecting to externally hosted email services POP IMAP and SMTP For developers this means that you can establish a connection from your application to your own email server or to one of the popular public email services such as Gmail or YahooMail If you are deploying popular blogging or wiki software on OpenShift such as Drupal Joomla MediaWiki or WordPress you can also take advantage of this feature by altering the email settings of the software to point to the appropriate email service 3 8 9 2 Email Port Configuration OpenShift All Versions User Guide 61 The specific ports that have been enabled to support this are as follows SMTP submission 25 465 587 IMAP 143 220 993 gt POP 109 110 995 Communication occurs at a limited rate Port 587 submission is restricted to a maximum rate of 256 Kbps Ports 25 SMTP and 465 SMTPS are restricted to a maximum rate of 24 Kbps Both will consume an extremely small share of the available bandwidth if congestion exists Or important Be aware that access to email servers from cloud providers may be blocked by Realtime Blackhole Lists RBLs This may affect your ability to connect to some email servers If you are unable to make a connect
37. cBook publishing system 1 2 Pull quote Conventions Terminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding text Output sent to a terminal is set in mono spaced roman and presented thus 7 8 Preface books Desktop documentation drafts mss photos stuff svn books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs Source code listings are also set in mono spaced roman but add syntax highlighting as follows package org jboss book jca ex1 import javax naming InitialContext public class ExClient public static void main String args throws Exception InitialContext iniCtx new InitialContext Object ref inictx lookup EchoBean EchoHome home EchoHome ref Echo echo home create System out println Created Echo System out println Echo echo Hello echo echo Hello 1 3 Notes and Warnings Finally we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might otherwise be overlooked Notes are tips shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand Ignoring a note should have no negative consequences but you might miss out on a trick that makes your life easier Important boxes detail things that are easily missed configuration changes that only apply to the current session or services that need restarting before an update will apply Ignoring a box labeled Important will not cause data loss but may cause irritation and frustration Warni
38. cation is not affected until a new successful build has been created Should the build fail the existing application continues to run No further interaction is required by the user The actual build and deployment process that Jenkins executes involves numerous steps as described below 1 The user issues a git push command and Jenkins is notified that a new push is ready 2 Adedicated Jenkins slave a builder is created You can use the rhc domain show command to display this slave information The application name is the same as the originating application but with a bldr suffix Or important The first 28 characters of the application name must be unique or builders will be shared across applications This can lead to build issues 3 Jenkins runs the build 4 Content from the originating application is downloaded to the builder application using git for source code and rsync for existing libraries 5 ci_build sh is called from the Jenkins shell This sets up the builder application for the Jenkins environment and performs some built in bundling steps PHP pear processing Python virtual environment etc OpenShift All Versions User Guide 55 6 openshift action_hooks build is executed on the Jenkins builder 7 Any additional desired steps are executed from the Jenkins shell Maven build Gem install test cases etc 8 Jenkins stops the currently running application and runs rsync to synchronize all new conte
39. ck to your document and choose Edit Paste from the gedit menu bar The above text includes application names system wide menu names and items application specific menu names and buttons and text found within a GUI interface all presented in proportional bold and all distinguishable by context Mono spaced Bold Italic or Proportional Bold Italic Whether mono spaced bold or proportional bold the addition of italics indicates replaceable or variable text Italics denotes text you do not input literally or displayed text that changes depending on circumstance For example To connect to a remote machine using ssh type ssh username domain name at a shell prompt If the remote machine is example com and your username on that machine is john type ssh john example com The mount o remount file system command remounts the named file system For example to remount the home file system the command is mount o remount home To see the version of a currently installed package use the rpm q package command It will return a result as follows package version release Note the words in bold italics above username domain name file system package version and release Each word is a placeholder either for text you enter when issuing a command or for text displayed by the system Aside from standard usage for presenting the title of a work italics denotes the first use of a new and important term For example Publican is a Do
40. complete applications quickly and easily These preconfigured applications are automatically created with a web cartridge any other required cartridges such as a database and all of the necessary code for a fully functioning application Procedure 2 10 To create a preconfigured application 1 Access the Management Console and click Create a New Application in the navigation bar at the top of the page 2 Choose the preconfigured application you want to create from the Instant Applications section and click Select The preconfigured applications currently available on the Management Console are CakePHP an open source web application framework written in PHP Drupal an open source content management platform written in PHP Kitchensink Example a JBoss AS7 application that demonstrates the new features of Java EE 6 Ruby on Rails an open source web application framework for Ruby Spring Framework an open source web application framework that runs on JBoss EAP 6 0 Wordpress a semantic personal publishing platform written in PHP with a MySQL back end 3 Type a name for your application in the box provided and click Create Application As preconfigured applications are more complicated to build than basic applications they can take longer to become available online If you receive a 503 Service Unavailable error when attempting to view your preconfigured application after you create it wait a few minutes and try again
41. ctory By default the warName is ROOT within the pom xml file This will render the webapp contents at http app_name namespace example com If you change the warName in pom xm1 to app_name then OpenShift All Versions User Guide 37 your base URL would become http app_name namespace example com app_name f you are building locally add any output war and ear files in the deployments directory from the build to your gitignore file Option 2 Uploading prebuilt content You can use git push to push prebuilt war files with the corresponding dodep1loy file for exploded war files into the deployments directory If you use this method using the default repository first run git rm r src pom xml from the root directory of your repository If the pom xm1 file still exists the build will run again and replace any prebuilt content 3 5 4 3 Types of Marker Files Different marker file suffixes have different meanings The relevant marker file types are as follows Table 3 2 Sample Table Marker File Description Type dodeploy Placed by the user to indicate that the given content should be deployed into the runtime or redeployed if already deployed in the runtime deploying Placed by the deployment scanner service to indicate that it has detected a dodeploy file and is in the process of deploying the content This marker file is deleted when the deployment process completes deployed Placed by the deployment scanne
42. do not need SSH keys to create a domain You only need to create SSH keys and upload them to the server when you want to create applications and communicate with your domain OpenShift uses a blacklist to restrict the list of available domain and application names that you can use This list is maintained on the server If you try to use rhc domain create or rhc app create with any members of this blacklist the command will fail 3 2 2 Altering a Domain If you need to modify the name of an existing domain use the rhc domain alter command as shown below Important The rhc domain alter command alters the URLs of your applications You need to update any bookmarks and external links you have made to these URLs Links made using an alias do information rhe domain alter n lt DomainName gt Password OpenShift key found at home user ssh id_rsa Reusing Alteration successful If no SSH keys are found in the ssh folder of your home directory the rhc domain alter command generates a new pair of keys for you You will then be prompted to upload the public information 3 2 3 Deleting a Domain If you no longer need a particular domain you can use the rhc domain destroy command to remove or destroy that domain Before you can destroy a domain however you need to ensure that it does not contain any applications Procedure 3 2 How to destroy a domain 1 Ensure that the domain does not contain any a
43. e automatic scaling feature is enabled by default However you OpenShift All Versions User Guide 31 can manually scale your application by disabling the automatic scaling feature 3 4 3 1 Disabling Automatic Scaling There may be cases where you may want to scale your application manually Such cases may include If you are anticipating a certain load on your application and wish to scale it accordingly You have a fixed set of resources for your application You want to manually control the cost You can disable the automatic scaling feature to manually control your application s scaling function The instructions below describe how to disable the automatic scaling feature It is assumed you have already created your scaled application Procedure 3 3 To disable the automatic scaling feature 1 From your locally cloned Git repository create a disable autoscaling marker as shown in the example below touch AppName openshift markers disable_auto_scaling For example to create a disable autoscaling marker for an application named myapp run the command as follows touch myapp openshift markers disable_auto_scaling 2 Add and commit your changes to your local Git repository a Change to your application s directory using the following command cd AppName b Use the git add command to add your changes to your local Git repository git add openshift markers disable_auto_scaling c Use the git Commit command to commit
44. eleting Applications If you no longer need a particular application you can choose to delete it 2 6 1 Deleting Remote Application Data Application removal is irreversible All remote data associated with the application will be removed Procedure 2 15 To delete an application 1 Access the Management Console and click My Applications in the navigation bar at the top of the page 2 Click on the application you want to delete 3 Click Delete next to the application name 4 You are asked to confirm the request Click Delete to confirm This process deletes your remote application data If you want to delete application data stored on your local machine you must do so manually 2 6 2 Deleting Local Application Data The following procedure deletes the selected directory and all the files it contains Ensure you enter the correct directory and that you no longer need the files it contains before running this command Procedure 2 16 To delete local application data gt Open a terminal and use the following command to delete the application data stored on your local machine E rm rf path to app_directory 2 7 Using Cartridges The OpenShift Management Console provides an intuitive interface for managing your application s cartridges You can view the cartridges associated with an application by clicking My Applications in the navigation bar at the top of Management Console then clicking on the application yo
45. en created Procedure 2 12 To monitor application resources 1 After you have created a scaled application access the OpenShift Management Console 2 Click on the My Applications tab to view all of your applications as highlighted in the figure below My Applications AIl Applications Apptest nttp apptest devtestingint rhcioud co OPENSHIFT HELP Testapp nttp te hel ADD APPLICATION POPULAR FAQS do I Figure 2 5 My Applications 3 Under the All Applications section click on the name of the scaled application for which you wish to monitor resource information as highlighted in the figure below My Applications Create Application Help All Applications OPENSHIFT HELP ADD APPLICATION POPULAR FAQS H tar Figure 2 6 Select Application to Monitor OpenShift All Versions User Guide 21 4 The OpenShift Management Console will display the number of gears along with the size of the gears used by the selected application as highlighted in the figure below MY APPLICATIONS TESTAPP Testapp http testapp de Cartridges Python 2 6 ng int rhcloud com devtesting int rncloud com git testapp git Figure 2 7 Application Resource Information GEARS STARTED 2SMALL ADD CARTRIDGE Delete ALIASES No alias set NEW TO OPENSHIFT See the getting started tips for this apr If you hover over the gear size information with your mouse a popup message will display more
46. entials to log in to the Jenkins home page Confirming Your Jenkins enabled Application 54 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface You can now run rhc domain status to confirm that your Jenkins enabled application has been created You can also navigate to the public URL returned by the rhc app create command to view your Jenkins home page K As part of the process of adding the Jenkins application to your domain the Jenkins repository is downloaded to your local machine This repository is not required for normal operations and it is safe to delete this local copy 3 8 5 2 Building Applications Without Jenkins requires that the currently running application be shut down in order to use its memory This means that your application will be unavailable for the duration of the build and all associated tasks These tasks are described below 1 The user issues a git push command and the application is shut down The git application files are put in place openshift action_hooks build is executed 2 3 4 openshift action_hooks deploy is executed 5 openshift action_hooks post_deploy is executed 6 The application is restarted 3 8 5 3 Building Applications with Jenkins The Jenkins online build system monitors applications that have an embedded Jenkins Client and will automatically rebuild and deploy those applications whenever changes to the git repository are pushed to the remote server The existing appli
47. epository Application files are stored in the local git repository that was cloned as part of the application creation process 3 5 1 Preparing Your Application for Deployment The rhc app create command creates a starting point or template for you to create and develop your own applications To synchronize your application files with the remote cloud repository you need to commit all of your files to the appropriate directories in the local git repository and then push them to the remote repository For example you may be developing your own PHP application and need to add new files and directories to the _ENV OPENSHIFT_APP_NAME php or other directories Procedure 3 5 To prepare your application for deployment using the command line 1 Use the following command to add each new file and directory to the git index git add path to newfile 2 Use the following command to commit your application to your local repository git commit m commit message 3 5 2 Deploying Your Application to the Cloud After you have added your application files to the local repository you need to push them to the remote repository OpenShift will automatically stop build and restart your application with the committed 34 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface changes Procedure 3 6 To deploy your application to the cloud using the command line Use the following command to deploy your application to the remote repository git push
48. formation because in the next step you will use the UUID as the username and gear name as the hostname to configure PuTTY and establish an SSH connection to your application To avoid errors it is recommended you cut and paste this information into PUTTY Step 4 Establish SSH Connection Using PuTTY Now that you have the necessary information you are ready to configure PuT TY to establish an SSH connection to your application Follow the instructions below to configure PuTTY using the information from the previous step 1 Double click putty exe to launch the PuTTY SSH and Telnet client If necessary click Run in the Security Warning window If you installed the PuTTY software with the installer file click Start point to All Programs point to PUTTY and then click PuTTY 2 In the left window pane under Category click Session Now copy and paste the gear name of your application in the Host Name text box as highlighted in the figure below OpenShift All Versions User Guide 49 Bes options for your PuTTY sensi oggmng Specify the destination you want to connect to Terminal Keyboard Host Name or IP address Bell testapp doctesting rhcloud com Features Connection type B Window ORaw O Tene O Rogn SSH Serial Appearance Behaviour Translation Saved Sessions Load save or delete a stored session Selection Colours Default Settings E Connection SSH Serial Close window on exit
49. function properly update the git config file using the following procedure OpenShift All Versions User Guide 17 Procedure 2 5 To update the git config files 1 Access the Management console and click My Applications in the navigation bar at the top of the page 2 Click on your first application 3 Copy the entire SSH address located in the GIT REPOSITORY box 4 Open the git config file located in path to appdirectory git and replace the remote URL address with the new SSH address for your application 5 Repeat the previous four steps for each of your applications to update their git config files crossword Cartridges VISIBILITY ABOUT 1 MONTH AGO PHP 5 3 a URL ALIASES CLIENT TOOLS HELP Figure 2 3 Application Details Screen Showing Git Repository Address 2 2 4 Managing SSH Keys Using the OpenShift Management Console you can add remove and update public keys to control the access of other contributors to your OpenShift applications To view the public keys associated with your account access the Management Console and click My Account in the navigation bar at the top of the page Your current SSH public keys are listed in the Public Keys section 2 2 4 1 Generating New Keys The ssh keygen command generates a new pair of RSA or DSA keys as specified You can then use the Management Console to add the new keys to your account Procedure 2 6 To generate new SSH keys with the ssh keygen command
50. he application named testapp 46 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface Step 1 Download PuTTY and PuTTYgen and PuTT Ygen to your desired directory Alternatively you can also download the PuTTY installer file that will install all required PuTTY packages on your computer Step 2 Convert OpenSSH Keys to PuTTY Format By default the pair of SSH keys generated when installing client tools on Windows are in OpenSSH format The pair consists of a private key named id_rsa and a public key named id_rsa pub To establish an SSH connection to your application using PuTTY the private SSH key must be converted to PuTTY format The pair of SSH keys generated during initial configuration of OpenShift client tools are stored in the following folders c Documents and Settings user ssh for Windows XP c Users user ssh for Windows 7 Follow the instructions below to convert your private OpenSSH key to PuTTY format 1 Double click puttygen exe to launch PuTT Ygen If necessary click Run in the Security Warning window If you installed the PuTTY software with the installer file click Start point to All Programs point to PUTTY and then click PuTTYgen 2 Click Conversions then click Import key to select your private OpenSSH key as shown in the figure below File Key RE WUGECLS Help Import key Actions Generate a public private key pair Load an existing private key file Load Save the generated key Parameters Type of key
51. he snapshot is Application_Name tar gz You can override this path and filename with the filepath option The following example demonstrates the process of creating and downloading a snapshot 70 Chapter 5 Storage Management rhc app snapshot save a MasterApp Password Pulling down a snapshot to MasterApp tar gz Running extra dump mysql_dump sh Mysql already running 72 7 Stopping application Done Creating and sending tar gz Running extra cleanup mysql_cleanup sh Starting application Done 5 1 2 Restoring Snapshots You can use the rhc app snapshot restore command to restore snapshots to the server This form of the command restores the git repository the application data directories and the log files found in the specified archive When the restoration is complete OpenShift runs the deployment script on the newly restored repository which completes the deployment process in the same way as if you had run git push OP important Even though you can save your application using a different filename you cannot restore that application to a different name That is if your application name is MyApp you can save it as OurApp tar gz but when you restore it you must use the original application name The rhc app snapshot restore command overwrites the remote git repository Any changes that you might have made since you took the snapshot will be lost OpenShift All Versions User Guide 71 Revision History
52. ion to one of these services make sure that your email provider allows authenticated connections from Amazon AWS EC2 hosts 62 Chapter 4 Application Maintenance Monitoring and Troubleshooting Chapter 4 Application Maintenance Monitoring and Troubleshooting 4 1 Monitoring Applications with the MongoDB Monitoring Service MMS monitor the health of MongoDB deployments MMS provides an agent that runs on MongoDB servers and this agent reports information such as opcounters memory information number of connections network I O database storage size and more All of this information is available in customizable charts that are displayed in your web browser OpenShift provides built in support for MMS you can add the MMS agent to your application using the same commands as for other cartridges The only pre requisite for using MMS is that you have an 4 1 1 Setting up MMS The following procedure describes how to configure your application to take advantage of the services provided by MMS This procedure assumes that you have successfully created an application and added the MongoDB cartridge Procedure 4 1 How to set up your application to use MMS 1 Download the agent When you log into MMS you will see a download the agent link on the Hosts page Click this link to download an agent preconfigured with your group credentials 2 Create a directory named mms in your application s openshift directory with the follo
53. ki 1 2hr 42 min stable a cy SML Legend AES for all RSS for failures Aes for just latest buikis l 2 7 56 18 AM Jenkins ver 1 409 2 J Figure 3 12 Jenkins Build History Page 3 8 5 3 1 Building Custom Applications You can also build custom applications or applications that have no upstream repositories directly from the Jenkins web interface instead of using the git push command G To build your application from the Jenkins web interface click on the D icon for the application you wish to build located on the right side of the interface 56 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface NE 220 109 out AUT FRES Badd description Last Failure Last Duration N A 11 sec Figure 3 13 Build from Jenkins Interface The status of the build process can be viewed in the web interface under the section labeled Build Executor Status Build Executor Status Status 1 Building myapp build 6 g SC Figure 3 14 Build Process Status 3 8 6 Using Environment Variables Environment variables are named values that change the way running processes behave in computing environments They can be used to store a variety of different values application names commonly accessed directory names usernames passwords hostnames and IP addresses 3 8 6 1 Common Environment Variables in OpenShift The following are some common OpenShift environment variables Note that this list is not exhaustive Table 3 5 Enviro
54. l environment ensure that you have completed the following section assume you have created the racer application After you have created your domain and your application use the rhc domain show command to display information about all of the current applications Example 3 4 Viewing Application Information rhc domain show Password Application Info racer Framework php 5 3 Creation 2011 12 07T01 07 33 05 00 UUID Obd9d81bfe0a4def 9de47b89Fe1d3543 Git URL ssh Obd9d81bfe0a4def 9de47b89Fe1d3543 racer ecs example com git racer git Public URL http racer ecs example com Take note of the UUID and Public URL information for the application you wish to manage in the shell environment Use the ssh command to open a shell environment for your application substituting the UUID and Public URL parameters noted previously The example below demonstrates opening a shell environment to the racer application OpenShift All Versions User Guide 45 Example 3 5 Opening a Shell Environment for an Application Node ssh Obd9d81ibfeGaddef 9de47b89Fe1d3543 racer ecs example com Warning Permanently added racer ecs example com 174 129 154 20 RSA to the list of known hosts Welcome to OpenShift shell This shell will assist you in managing openshift applications type help for more info racer ecs example com gt The shell environment to access your OpenShift applications is protected and restricted with Security E
55. le com The current workaround to enable port forwarding on Mac OS X is to manually configure an alias using the ifconfig command for each IP address used by your application using the command as shown below sudo ifconfig 100 alias application_IP_address For example if the IP address used by your application is 127 10 51 129 run the command as shown below sudo ifconfig 100 alias 127 10 51 129 If your application uses multiple IP addresses as shown in the example above you must configure an alias for each IP address For example suppose you have a Node js application with both MySQL and phpMyAdmin cartridges added and it uses the IP addresses 127 11 25 1 and 127 11 25 2 To correctly enable port forwarding you must configure an alias for each IP address as shown in the example below sudo ifconfig lo0 alias 127 11 25 1 sudo ifconfig 100 alias 127 11 25 2 K The ifconfig command on Mac OS X requires root administrative privileges to execute You can now use the rhc port forward command to enable port forwarding Pr important The IP address alias you configure for your OpenShift application is not persistent through system reboots If you reboot your computer you must repeat these steps to correctly enable port forwarding on Mac OS X OpenShift All Versions User Guide 69 Chapter 5 Storage Management OpenShift provides up to 512 megabytes of storage s
56. limit the amount of RAM and disk space available to a cartridge gear 1 gear 2 MySQL Application OpenShift All Versions User Guide 11 Figure 1 2 Application Cartridges on Gears OpenShift currently provides two gear sizes Small provides 512MB of RAM 100MB of swap space and 1GB of disk space Medium provides 1GB of RAM 100MB of swap space and 1GB of disk space By default you can use up to three small gears a total of 1 5GB of RAM and 3GB of disk space OpenShift can assign these three gears to a single application and its cartridges Cron MySQL etc or you can use each gear for a separate application Nodes To enable resource sharing multiple gears run on a single physical or virtual machine This machine is referred to as a node host Gears are generally over allocated on nodes because not all applications are active at the same time Districts Districts define a set of nodes within which gears can be easily moved to load balance the resource usage of nodes This means that no node gets overloaded with many heavily used gears Other Nodes Node 1 Node 2 n gears 100s of gears 100s of gears max 6000 per district District Figure 1 3 Nodes in a District 1 3 OpenShift Applications Each username can only support a single namespace but you can create multiple applications within this namespace If you need multiple namespaces you need to create multiple accounts using different usernames
57. ls File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help a e vy BEE nttps mms 10gen com nost detail 8ec701 7 a O eee 10gen SS SSS a es See ee OS 127 0 250 129 27017 standalone 2 0 2 rc1 by Minute by smin byhour byday range AVG SEC vni gmt reten Salus Hardware DB Sats Last Ping Daily Pings Profile Data Notes Austalia Brisbane opcounters asserts 1 O memory 2 e VTA MN H allu h 0498 oom E DOANA RM EAE TEA ofthe Aang bene te semen enpee nnana 1200 1300 1400 1900 1500 1200 1300 1400 1900 1000 1200 1300 1400 1900 1000 nommapped virtual memory 2 btee 2 ock 2 e 1200 1300 1400 1500 1000 1200 1300 1400 1500 1000 1200 130 1400 1900 1000 background flush avg 2 connections 2 queues A o Figure 4 2 Data Monitoring Using MMS 4 2 Managing Your Application Disk Space As you develop your applications and push changes to the git repository you will slowly reduce the amount of disk space that is available to run your applications This is because git stores all repository information whether it is still required or not Other aspects of developing and running your applications also result in wasted disk space such as old log files and unused application libraries OpenShift provides tools to help you optimize your disk space to help achieve the best possible performance of your applications 4 2 1 The Disk Space Cleanup Tool Ope
58. nShift provides a Disk Space Cleanup Tool to help you manage your application disk space This tool is part of the rhc app command suite and performs the following functions Runs the git gc command on your application s git repository on the server Clears the application s tmp and log file directories These are specified by the application s OPENSHIFT_LOG_DIR and OPENSHIFT_TMP_DIR environment variables OpenShift All Versions User Guide 65 OpenShift does not automatically back up or rotate log files The Disk Space Cleanup Tool runs the rm rf command to clear the contents of these directories If you want to save their contents you should use the rhc app snapshot save command first to create a snapshot of your system Clears unused application libraries This means that any library files previously installed by a git push command are removed The Disk Space Cleanup Tool uses the following syntax rhc app tidy a lt ApplicationName gt The rhc client tools use the login specified in the openshift express conf file by default If no default login is configured or if you want to use a different login include the 1 parameter as a command line argument 4 3 Troubleshooting JBoss Applications OpenShift provides some basic tools to help you troubleshoot your JBoss applications should any problems arise This includes the ability to inspect the log files and also to trigger a thread dump for JBoss AS applicatio
59. ngs should not be ignored Ignoring warnings will most likely cause data loss 2 Getting Help 2 1 Do You Need Help If you experience difficulty with a procedure or other information described in this documentation visit the OpenShift All Versions User Guide other sources of information Red Hat also hosts a large number of electronic mailing lists for discussion of Red Hat software and Click the name of any mailing list to subscribe to that list or to access the list archives 2 2 We Need Feedback If you find a typographical or any other error in this manual or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better we would love to hear from you Please submit a report in Bugzilla When submitting a bug report be sure to mention the manual s identifier Docs User Guide If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation try to be as specific as possible when describing it If you have found an error please include the section number and some of the surrounding text so we can find it easily 9 10 Chapter 1 OpenShift Architecture Overview Chapter 1 OpenShift Architecture Overview 1 1 Platform Overview OpenShift enables you to create deploy and manage applications within the cloud It provides disk space CPU resources memory network connectivity and an Apache or JBoss server Depending on the type of application you are building you also have access to a template file system layout for that type for
60. nhanced Linux SELinux policies When you have accessed your OpenShift application in the shell environment you can type help at the shell prompt to get a list of the specialized shell commands As mentioned previously you can also use general Linux commands to perform routine operations in the shell environment 3 8 3 Managing Applications in a Secure Shell Environment on Windows Managing OpenShift applications in a Secure Shell SSH environment on Windows requires the PuTTY SSH and Telnet client and PUTT Ygen SSH key generator This section provides instructions on how you can use PuTTY to establish an SSH connection to your OpenShift applications The instructions are provided in four easy steps as outlined below Step 1 Download PuTTY and PuTT Ygen for Windows Step 2 Convert OpenSSH keys to PuTTY format Step 3 Locate application username and hostname gt Step 4 Establish SSH connection using PuTTY Secure Shell SSH access is quite powerful and it is possible to accidentally damage an application Therefore it is recommended you only use SSH access when necessary The screenshots shown in the instructions below were taken on Windows XP Where necessary the differences among other Windows operating systems have been noted It is assumed that the application you want to establish an SSH connection to has already been created In the examples used in this section an SSH connection will be established to t
61. nment variables in OpenShift Environment Variable Name Use OPENSHIFT_APP_NAME Application name OPENSHIFT_GEAR_DIR Application directory OPENSHIFT_DATA_DIR For persistent storage between pushes OPENSHIFT_TMP_DIR Temporary storage unmodified files are deleted after 10 days The following environment variables apply to the rhc app command when it is used to add a database Table 3 6 Environment Variables Applicable to Database Operations Environment Variable Name Use OPENSHIFT_DB_HOST Database host OPENSHIFT_DB_PORT Database port OPENSHIFT_DB_USERNAME Database username OPENSHIFT_DB_ PASSWORD Database password OpenShift All Versions User Guide 57 To retrieve a complete list of environment variables add an export statement to the lt appname gt openshift action_hooks build script and then run git push 3 8 6 2 JBoss Environment Variables OpenShift uses environment variables in the lt appname gt openshift config standalone xml file that is part of joossas 7 The following example code from this standalone xm1 file displays three environment variables a lt connection url gt jdbc mysql env OPENSHIFT_DB_HOST env OPENSHIFT_DB_PORT env OPENSHIFT _APP_NAME lt connection url1 gt You can save environment variables on the server which means that you do not have to pass sensitive information repeatedly to the command line Procedure 3 13 How to set environment variables on the ser
62. ns 4 3 1 Using Thread Dumps to Troubleshoot JBoss Applications Thread dumps are a useful debugging tool If an application appears to have stalled or is running out of resources a thread dump can help to reveal the state of the server to identify what might be causing any issues and ultimately to resolve the problem You can use the rhc app threaddump command to trigger a thread dump for a JBoss AS application The following example demonstrates the use of this command This example assumes that you have a valid account and have already created a domain and JBoss AS application called myJBoss rhc app threaddump a myJBoss NOTE The threaddump command is only applicable to applications of type jbossas 7 The thread dump file will be available via rhc app tail f myJBoss jbossas 7 stdout log Password RESULT Success You can now use the rhe app tail command to inspect the resultant thread dump EG Arania A AnAliAAaaA E a nA na iar Atin o0 Chapter 4 Application Maintenance Monitoring and Troubleshooting rhc app tail a myJBoss f myJBoss jbossas 7 stdout log Password Attempting to tail files myJBoss jbossas 7 stdout log Use ctl c to stop Heap PSYoungGen total 5888K used 3806K 0x00000000fe000000 0x00000000fe5e0000 0x0000000100000000 eden space 5760K 65 used 0x00000000fe000000 0x00000000fe3af830 0x00000000fe5a0000 from space 128K 25 used 0x00000000fe5a0000 0x00000000fe5a8000 0x00
63. nt over to the originating application 9 openshift action_hooks deploy is executed on the originating application 10 Jenkins starts the originating application and openshift action_hooks post_deploy is executed on this application 11 Jenkins archives all build artifacts for later reference 12 After 15 minutes of idle time the build app will be destroyed and will no longer appear in the output of the rhc domain show command The build artifacts however will still exist in Jenkins and can be viewed there You can monitor the build job using the Jenkins interface The interface provides an extensive range of information about the current build build history artifacts as well as plug ins to graph track run tests and perform other operations The following is an example build history of an application built using the embedded Jenkins Client All Jenkins Mozilla Firefox File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help we Q http jenkins changsha stg rhcloud comi Av Jenkins x ponen Jenkins ENABLE AUTO REFRESH amp People S cussion Build History of Jenkins fee Build Queue No bu ds in the queue Build Executor Status Status changsha buiki 2 changsha build 4 1 Idle changsha buiki 3 Export as plain XML Build Time Since t Status 9 changsha build 4 11 min stable B changsha buikd 3 30 min stable changsha build 2 1 hr 12 min stable v changsha bui
64. o create an application and enable cron support 1 Create a new application rhc app create a holy t php 5 3 2 Add the cron scheduler cartridge to your new application 60 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface rhc app cartridge add a holy c cron 1 4 3 Add the cron jobs to your application s openshift cron minutely hourly weekly daily month1ly directories For example mkdir p openshift cron minutely echo date gt gt OPENSHIFT_REPO_DIR php date txt gt openshift cron minutely date sh 4 Commit your changes and push them to the remote repository git add openshift cron git commit m configuring cron jobs git push This example appends a new line of date information to the 0PENSHIFT_REPO_DIR php date txt file every minute You can use cur1 to verify the operation of this script curl http holy roller example com date txt Thu Feb 02 01 EST 2012 2 01 Thu Feb 2 01 03 01 EST 2012 Thu Feb 2 01 04 01 EST 2012 The scripts that you place in the cron subdirectories are executed at the respective frequencies Scripts in each subdirectory are executed sequentially in alphabetical order Scripts in the cron hour ly directory are executed on the first minute of every hour You can use the rhc app cartridge command to enable or disable your cron scripts For example to disable all of your scripts rhc app cartridge stop a holy c cron 1 4 To enable all of your scripts rh
65. ocumentation and community resources Procedure 2 1 To access the OpenShift Management Console 1 On the OpenShift homepage click SIGN IN TO MANAGE YOUR APPS in the upper right corner 2 On the sign in screen enter your login name and password details then click Sign in Sign in to OpenShift Login Password Forgot your password Signin or create an account Figure 2 1 Sign In Screen If you do not have any applications the Create a New Application screen opens If you have applications you are taken to the My Applications screen 2 2 Managing Your OpenShift Account 2 2 1 Changing Your Password Your OpenShift user account password can be changed using the Management Console When choosing a password we recommend using a combination of numbers symbols and upper and lower case letters for extra security Procedure 2 2 To change your password 1 Access the Management Console and click My Account in the navigation bar at the top of the page 2 Inthe Personal Information section click Change password then follow the on screen 16 Chapter 2 OpenShift Web Interface instructions 2 2 2 Resetting Your Password If you forget your OpenShift user account password you can have a new password sent to your email address Procedure 2 3 To reset your password 1 On the OpenShift homepage click SIGN IN TO MANAGE YOUR APPS in the upper right corner 2 On the sign in screen click Forgot your password 3
66. ode js 0 6 applications the application code is built dependencies are processed and user build action_hooks are run and deployed to the application server The server does not restart This is true for both Jenkins and non Jenkins enabled applications For Jenkins enabled applications the build is performed on a Jenkins slave instance and then synced to the gear s where the application server is running OpenShift All Versions User Guide 35 Ruby 1 9 and Ruby 1 8 7 When you hot deploy a Ruby application the Passenger restart txt file is touched causing the application server to serve the new code without the need for a full server restart For further details on 3 5 3 2 Enabling and Disabling Hot Deployment Procedure 3 7 To enable hot deployment Open a terminal and run the command applicable to your operating system from your application s root directory to create the hot_deploy marker file Windows C app_directory gt copy NUL gt openshift markers hot_deploy Linux and Mac user user app_directory touch openshift markers hot_deploy Procedure 3 8 To disable hot deployment Hot deployment is disabled by deleting the hot_deploy marker file To delete this file run the command applicable to your operating system from your application s root directory Windows C app_directory gt del openshift markers hot_deploy Linux and Mac user user app_directory rm openshift markers hot_deploy 3 5 4 Deploying J
67. ommand Line Interface chapter 2 5 1 Preparing Your Application for Deployment template for you to create and develop your own applications To synchronize your application files with the remote cloud repository you need to commit all of your files to the appropriate directories in the local git repository and then push them to the remote repository For example you may be developing your own PHP application and need to add new files and directories to the _ENV OPENSHIFT_APP_NAME php or other directories Procedure 2 13 To prepare your application for deployment 1 Open a terminal and use the following command to add each new file or directory to the git index git add path to newfile 2 Use the following command to commit your application files to your local repository replacing commit message with your own message git commit m commit message Your application files are now ready to be deployed to the cloud 2 5 2 Deploying Your Application to the Cloud After you have committed your application files to the local repository you need to push them to the remote repository OpenShift will automatically stop build and restart your application with the committed changes Procedure 2 14 To deploy your application to the cloud Use the following command to deploy your application to the remote repository git push Your updated application is now publicly available OpenShift All Versions User Guide 23 2 6 D
68. ork required These cartridges allow you to choose from a variety of programming languages and frameworks for developing your application Every application requires a framework cartridge Examples include PHP JBoss and Ruby Database These cartridges provide your application with one of several database back ends Examples include MySQL and PostgreSQL Database These cartridges such as phpMyAdmin provide functionality for management managing your application s database using third party software Monitoring and These cartridges provide a range of options for managing and monitoring Management your application Examples include the Cron task scheduler the Jenkins Client and OpenShift Metrics OpenShift supports the use of package json as a mechanism for applications to specify dependencies and other requirements When you deploy or update your application OpenShift invokes npm the NodeJS package manager to process that file Refer to 1 3 1 Using Scaled Applications Application scaling provides for the automatic allocation of resources based on demand OpenShift monitors the resource requirements of scaled applications and increases or decreases available resources accordingly You need to specify whether an application is scaled or not when you create the application A scaled application cannot be converted to a non scaled application Likewise a non scaled application cannot be converted to a scaled application Scaled Versu
69. pace for your application You can also use your allocated storage space to store databases The following table lists the currently supported database formats Table 5 1 Databases Supported by OpenShift Database Supported MySQL Yes MySQLi Yes PDO MySQL Yes PDO SQLite Yes Amazon RDS Yes PHP Database Object PDO drivers are available only for MySQL and SQLite databases If your application contains a database place it in a new folder in your git repository If you place the database in the data folder git push will not affect it 5 1 Backing up and Restoring Configuration and User Data Use the rhc app snapshot save command to create backups of your OpenShift applications and also to restore those backups to the server As a back up tool this command creates a gzipped tar file not only of your application but also of any locally created log and other files which is then downloaded to your local machine The directory structure that exists on the server is maintained in the tar file OpenShift does not maintain backups of your applications or user data on the OpenShift servers The files created by this process are always downloaded to your local machine 5 1 1 Creating Snapshots The rhc app snapshot save command uses the following syntax to create a snapshot 4 rhc app snapshot save a Application_Name The command will prompt for any missing information such as your rhlogin and password The default filename for t
70. part of the application name The syntax for the application name is Applicat ionName DomainName example com Each username can only support a single domain but you can create multiple applications within the domain If you need multiple domains you need to create multiple accounts using different usernames 3 2 1 Creating a Domain Use the rhc domain create command to create a new domain This command uses the following syntax rhc domain create n lt DomainName gt 1 lt rhlogin gt p lt password gt OptionalParameters DomainName specifies the domain that you want to create This must contain a maximum of 16 alphanumeric characters rhlogin this can be your Red Hat Network login or the email address that you used to apply for your OpenShift account password the password that you used to apply for your OpenShift account Optional Parameters Further optional parameters exist that you can pass to the rhc domain create command Refer to rhc domain create help for details The rhc domain create command creates a local configuration file in openshift express conf and updates it with your rhlogin The rhc client tools use the login specified in the openshift express conf file by default when you run further commands If no default login is configured or if you want to use a different login include the 1 rhlogin parameter as a command line argument 28 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface You
71. penShift does not currently support user changes to environment variables This includes changing the default MySQL admin password even outside of phpmyadmin If you change your password ensure that the change takes effect correctly This restriction applies to the default administrative user You can add more users as required and specify a password of your own choosing for these users 3 6 3 2 Adding a MySQL Database The following example illustrates how to add a MySQL database to the application MyApp 40 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface rhc app cartridge add a MyApp c mysql 5 1 Password Contacting https broker example com Contacting https broker example com API version deal aa Broker version 1 1 1 RESULT Mysql 5 1 database added Please make note of these credentials Root User admin Root Password ad3eR 4agk8z Database Name MyApp Connection URL mysql 127 1 1 10 3306 3 6 3 3 Adding a PostgreSQL Database To use a PostgreSQL database with your application use the same procedure as described above for adding a MySQL database but use the PostgreSQL cartridge instead rhc app cartridge add a MyApp c postgresql 8 4 You can use SSH to connect to your application and verify the integrity of your database Use the following command to connect to your application ssh UUID appname namespace example com Use the password provided as output to the rhc app cartridge add command to
72. pplications rhc domain show Password Application Info If any applications are listed use the rhc app destroy command to remove them OpenShift All Versions User Guide 29 rhc app destroy a lt ApplicationName gt AA Warning Application removal is irreversible All remote data associated with the application will be removed 2 Use the rhc domain destroy command to destroy the domain rhc domain destroy n lt DomainName gt Password Success After you have destroyed your domain you need to create a new one before you can create any new applications or use the other client tools 3 3 Viewing User Information Use the rhc domain show command to display information about all of the current applications You can view the Framework Type Creation Date GitURL and PublicURL details for each application The following example demonstrates how to display application information for user rhc domain show Password lt user password gt Contacting https broker example com Application Info racer Framework php 5 3 Creation 2011 04 13T08 35 02 04 00 Git URL ssh 99b3a77fb9204c6687618bcb92c0548c racer ecs example com git racer git Public URL http racer ecs example com 3 4 Creating Applications 3 4 1 Introduction OpenShift provides both browser based and command line tools for you to create and deploy your applications If you use the command line tools to create a new application a new
73. push Linux and Mac user user app_directory rm openshift markers java7 user user app_directory git commit a m Remove Java 7 marker user user app_directory git push 3 5 4 2 Automatic Deployment To automatically deploy your applications to the OpenShift server runtime you can place your deployment content for example war ear jar and sar files in the JBoss Application Server AS or JBoss Enterprise Application Platform EAP deployments directory The file system deployment scanner in JBoss AS 7 and JBoss EAP 6 0 relies on a system of marker files You can add or remove various marker files and the scanner deploys withdraws or redeploys content based on the type of marker file These marker files always have the same name as the deployment content to which they relate but with an additional file suffix to indicate the type of action to perform For example the marker file to indicate that the example war file should be deployed is named example war dodeploy Option 1 Uploading content in a Maven src structure You can upload your content in a Maven src structure similar to the example ROOT war file When you perform a git push the application is built and deployed This is the typical deployment option and requires that your pom xm1 be stored at the root of your repository and that you have a maven war plugin similar to the one in the example file to move the output from the build to the deployments dire
74. r MongoDB instance in a shell environment 42 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface Or important Shell access is quite powerful and it is possible to damage an application accidentally Therefore it is recommended you only use shell access when necessary Use the rhc domain show command to display information about all of your available applications Take note of the UUID and Public URL information that this command provides for your MongoDB instance The example below shows viewing information for the myMongo application Example 3 2 Viewing Application Information rhc domain show Password Application Info myMongo Framework php 5 3 Creation 2011 12 07T01 07 33 05 00 UUID Obd9d81bfeOad4def 9de47b89Fe1d3543 Git URL ssh 0bd9d81bfe0a4def 9de47b89Fe1d3543 myMongo ming example com git racer git Public URL http myMongo ming example com Embedded rockmongo 1 1 URL https myMongo ming example com rockmongo mongodb 2 0 Connection URL mongodb 127 1 2 129 27017 You will also need the Root username and the Root Password for your MongoDB instance that was When you have the necessary information use the ssh command to open a shell environment for your MongoDB instance substituting the UU D and Public URL parameters noted previously as demonstrated below ssh Obd9d81bfe0a4def9de4 7b89Fe1d3543 myMongo ming example com When you have accessed your OpenShift application in the shell environment you
75. r service to indicate that the given content has been deployed to the runtime If you delete this file the content will be withdrawn faileddeploy Placed by the deployment scanner service to indicate that the given content failed to deploy to the runtime The content of this file will include some information about the cause of the failure undeploying Placed by the deployment scanner service to indicate that it has detected a deployed file has been deleted and the content is being withdrawn This marker file is deleted when the withdrawal process completes undeployed Placed by the deployment scanner service to indicate that the given content has been withdrawn from the runtime If you delete this file it has no impact 3 5 4 4 Example JBoss Application Deployment Workflows The following sections describe the basic workflows involved in deploying withdrawing and redeploying JBoss prebuilt applications to OpenShift To add new zipped content and deploy it run the following command cp target example war deployments 38 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface To add new unzipped content and deploy it run the following commands cp r target example war deployments touch deployments example war dodeploy To withdraw deployed content run the following command git rm deployments example war dodeploy deployments example war To replace currently deployed zipped content with a new version and deploy it run the
76. rst example highlights a particular key to press The second example highlights a key combination a set of three keys pressed simultaneously OpenShift All Versions User Guide If source code is discussed class names methods functions variable names and returned values mentioned within a paragraph will be presented as above in mono spaced bold For example File related classes include filesystem for file systems file for files and dir for directories Each class has its own associated set of permissions Proportional Bold This denotes words or phrases encountered on a system including application names dialog box text labeled buttons check box and radio button labels menu titles and sub menu titles For example Choose System Preferences Mouse from the main menu bar to launch Mouse Preferences In the Buttons tab click the Left handed mouse check box and click Close to switch the primary mouse button from the left to the right making the mouse suitable for use in the left hand To insert a special character into a gedit file choose Applications Accessories Character Map from the main menu bar Next choose Search Find from the Character Map menu bar type the name of the character in the Search field and click Next The character you sought will be highlighted in the Character Table Double click this highlighted character to place it in the Text to copy field and then click the Copy button Now switch ba
77. rward command forwards all open ports on your running application to your local workstation If you have multiple cartridges added to your application you will see further messages indicating which remote services are being bound to local ports Refer to the following example rhc port forward a Pearl Password Checking available ports Binding httpd gt 127 0 252 1 8080 Binding mysqld gt 127 0 252 1 3306 Use ctl c to stop If you need to forward only specific ports you need to use the ssh command with the L option Refer to the ssh manual page for details 4 4 1 1 Port Forwarding on Mac OS X Currently out of the box Mac OS X only provides the following interfaces for loopback addresses localhost 127 0 0 1 Therefore you may experience error messages similar to those shown below when attempting to configure port forwarding using the IP address for your OpenShift application 68 Chapter 4 Application Maintenance Monitoring and Troubleshooting rhce port forward a qnodejs Password Checking available ports Binding httpd gt 127 11 25 2 8080 Binding mysqld gt 127 11 25 1 3306 Binding node gt 127 11 25 1 8080 Use ctl c to stop Error trying to forward ports You can try to forward manually by running ssh N L 127 11 25 1 3306 127 11 25 1 3306 L 127 11 25 1 8080 127 11 25 1 8080 L 127 11 25 2 8080 127 11 25 2 8080 70277280b8534c8a9Fc76d2734393dfa qnodejs qgongi stg examp
78. s Multiple SSH key management is provided with the rhc sshkey command with options available to view add update and remove public keys on the OpenShift server Refer to the subsequent sections for more information 3 1 2 1 Viewing Public Keys Use the rhc sshkey list command to view all public keys that have been added to the OpenShift server for the specified user account rhc sshkey list l lt UserName gt Password Name default Type ssh rsa Key AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAAB IWAAAQEAQT20LZBFrzbq 3 1 2 2 Adding a Key Use the rhc sshkey add command to add a public key to the OpenShift server for the specified user account rhc sshkey add i lt KeyName gt k lt KeyPath gt 1 lt UserName gt Password Success where lt KeyName gt is the user specified identifier for the SSH key and lt KeyPath gt is the path to an existing key optional If an existing key is not specified a new key is generated and uploaded to the server Run rhe sshkey add help for more information 3 1 2 3 Removing a Key OpenShift All Versions User Guide 27 Use the rhc sshkey remove command to remove an existing public key from the OpenShift server for the specified user account rhc sshkey remove i lt KeyName gt 1 lt UserName gt 3 2 Working With Domains You must create a domain before you can create an application OpenShift uses non strict domain names that is there is no preceding period and the domain name forms
79. s Environment Variables in OpenShift The following are some common OpenShift environment variables that you can use with your Node js application Note that this list is not exhaustive Table 3 8 Environment variables in OpenShift Environment Variable Name Use OPENSHIFT _NAME Application name OPENSHIFT_DIR Application directory OPENSHIFT_DATA_DIR For persistent storage between pushes OPENSHIFT_TMP_DIR Temporary storage unmodified files are deleted after 10 days The following environment variables apply to the rhc app command when it is used to add a database Table 3 9 Environment Variables Applicable to Database Operations Environment Variable Name Use OPENSHIFT_DB_HOST Database host OPENSHIFT DB PORT Database port OPENSHIFT DB USERNAME Database username OPENSHIFT_DB_ PASSWORD Database password To retrieve a complete list of environment variables add an export statement to the openshift action_hooks build script and then run git push 3 8 8 Scheduling Timed Jobs with Cron You can use the OpenShift cron scheduler to set up timed jobs for your applications This consists of adding the cron scheduler cartridge to your application adding the required cron jobs to the appropriate directories and then updating the remote git repository You can also use the rhc app command to enable or disable your cron scripts The following example demonstrates how to create a new application and enable cron support Procedure 3 14 T
80. s Non scaled Applications If you create a non scaled application it only consumes one of the default quota of gears assigned to users That is it only consumes one of the available three gears If you create a scaled application it consumes two of the available gears one for the high availability proxy HAProxy itself and one for your actual application If you add MySQL to your application it is installed in its own dedicated gear How Scaling Works Each application created on OpenShift always has the web cartridge associated with it The web cartridge can for example be a PHP cartridge When an application is scaled a second cartridge called HAProxy is added to the application The HAProxy cartridge listens to all incoming web page requests for an application and passes them on to the web cartridge following defined guidelines for load monitoring As the number of web page requests to an application increase the HAProxy will inform OpenShift when an overload of requests is detected OpenShift will then create a copy of the existing web cartridge ona separate gear In such a case the web cartridge now has been scaled up two times This process is repeated as more web page requests are detected by the HAProxy cartridge and each time a copy of OpenShift All Versions User Guide 13 the web cartridge is created on a separate gear the application scale factor increases by one However not all OpenShift applications can be scaled as
81. se the rhc app create command to create OpenShift applications This command creates an application with the specified name and in your domain namespace The following example demonstrates creating a PHP application called racer in the ecs domain that rhc app create a racer t php 5 3 Password lt user password gt Creating remote application space racer Contacting https broker example com RESULT Successfully created application racer Adding example com to ssh config Warning Permanently added racer ecs example com 50 17 130 104 RSA to the list of known hosts Receiving objects 100 19 19 done Confirming application racer is available Attempt 1 Success Your application is now published here http racer ecs example com The remote repository is located here ssh 99b3a77fb9204c6687618bcb92c0548c racer ecs example com git racer git means that you could run the same command change only the application name for example create an application named monitor resulting in a domain containing the following applications http racer ecs example com http monitor ecs example com 3 4 3 Creating Scaled Applications Scaled applications automatically allocate resources based on demand Use the rhc app create command with the s or scaling option to create a scaled application as shown in the example rhc app create a AppName t AppType s When you create a scaled application th
82. t provide a selection of application types that you can use to build your applications Procedure 2 9 To create an application 1 Access the Management Console and click Create a New Application in the navigation bar at the top of the page 2 Choose the application type you want to create from the Web Cartridges section and click Select The application types currently available on the Management Console are PHP 5 3 for PHP applications Python 2 6 for Web Server Gateway Interface applications Ruby 1 9 for Ruby Webserver Interface applications Ruby 1 8 7 for Ruby Webserver Interface applications Perl 5 10 for Perl applications JBoss Application Server 7 1 for JBoss AS applications running on Java 6 or Java 7 JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 0 for JBoss EAP applications running on Java 6 or Java 7 Node js 0 6 for Node js applications Jenkins Server a continuous integration Cl server that enables complex builds Do It Yourself DIY a blank slate for trying unsupported languages frameworks and middleware on OpenShift 3 Type a name for your application in the box provided and click Create Application OpenShift All Versions User Guide 19 Public URL Figure 2 4 Create Application Dialog 2 3 2 Creating Preconfigured Applications In addition to the standard application web cartridges OpenShift provides several preconfigured applications that allow you to create
83. te deploy and update applications to monitor and troubleshoot applications and to perform remote application maintenance and other tasks 1 Document Conventions This manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw attention to specific pieces of information Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on your system If not alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed Note Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default 1 1 Typographic Conventions Four typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases These conventions and the circumstances they apply to are as follows Mono spaced Bold Used to highlight system input including shell commands file names and paths Also used to highlight keys and key combinations For example To see the contents of the file my_next_bestselling_novel in your current working directory enter the cat my_next_bestselling_novel command at the shell prompt and press Enter to execute the command The above includes a file name a shell command and a key all presented in mono spaced bold and all distinguishable thanks to context Key combinations can be distinguished from an individual key by the plus sign that connects each part of a key combination For example Press Enter to execute the command Press Ctr1 Al1t F2 to switch to a virtual terminal The fi
84. thenticating with public key imported openssh key Welcome to OpenShift shell This shell will assist you in managing OpenShift applications 1 IMPORTANT IMPORTANT IMPORTANT Shell access is quite powerful and it is possible for you to accidentally damage your application Proceed with care If worse comes to worst destroy your application with rhc app destroy and recreate it 1 IMPORTANT IMPORTANT IMPORTANT Type help for more info testapp doctesting example com gt One of the useful features of secure shell access is the ability to view application logs You can find the application log files in the App_Name logs directory The example below shows how to view the log file for the application named testapp testapp doctesting example com gt cd testapp logs testapp doctesting example com gt ls testapp doctesting example com gt view error_log 20120618 000000 EST 52 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface K The Secure Shell environment to access your OpenShift applications is protected and restricted with Security Enhanced Linux SELinux policies With an SSH connection established to your OpenShift application you can type help at the shell prompt to get a list of specialized shell commands You can also use general Linux commands to perform routine operations in the shell environment 3 8 4 Using the Jenkins Embedded Build System 3 8 4 1 Introduction to Jenkins
85. ts application management functions 4 Table of Contents Table of Contents Preface 1 Document Conventions 1 1 Typographic Conventions 1 2 Pull quote Conventions 1 3 Notes and Warnings 2 Getting Help 2 1 Do You Need Help 2 2 We Need Feedback 1 OpenShift Architecture Overview 1 1 Platform Overview 1 2 System Resources and Application Containers 1 3 OpenShift Applications 1 3 1 Using Scaled Applications 1 4 Cartridges 2 OpenShift Web Interface 2 1 Accessing the OpenShift Management Console 2 2 Managing Your OpenShift Account 29 24 20 2 6 Al 2 2 1 Changing Your Password 2 2 2 Resetting Your Password 2 2 3 Changing Namespaces 2 2 4 Managing SSH Keys Creating Applications 2 3 1 Creating Basic Applications 2 3 2 Creating Preconfigured Applications 2 3 3 Cloning Application Files Monitoring Application Resources Editing and Deploying Applications 2 5 1 Preparing Your Application for Deployment 2 5 2 Deploying Your Application to the Cloud Deleting Applications 2 6 1 Deleting Remote Application Data 2 6 2 Deleting Local Application Data Using Cartridges 2 7 1 Adding Cartridges 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface 3 1 Secure Shell Authentication 3 1 1 Resolving Authentication Issues 3 1 2 Managing Multiple SSH Keys 3 2 Working With Domains 3 2 1 Creating a Domain 3 2 2 Altering a Domain 3 2 3 Deleting a Domain 3 3 Viewing User Information 3 4
86. u want to view 2 7 1 Adding Cartridges The OpenShift Management Console allows you to add cartridges to your applications easily Note that certain cartridges are only available to be added after a prerequisite cartridge is added Cartridge descriptions in the Management Console detail these dependencies 24 Chapter 2 OpenShift Web Interface You can only add MySQL 5 1 MongoDB PostgreSQL or Jenkins Client 1 4 cartridges to scaled applications Procedure 2 17 To add a cartridge 1 Access the OpenShift Management Console and click My Applications in the navigation bar at the top of the page Click on the application to which you want to add a cartridge Click Add Cartridge Choose the cartridge to add to your application and click Select Click Add Cartridge to confirm the selection a A WwW N OpenShift All Versions User Guide 25 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface K Before you start working through the procedures and examples in the following chapters refer to the Getting Started Guide to ensure that you have performed all of the necessary steps to set up your environment for OpenShift 3 1 Secure Shell Authentication OpenShift uses the Secure Shell SSH network protocol to authenticate your account credentials to the OpenShift servers for secure communication Successful authentication is necessary to manage your cloud environment and OpenShift supports both RSA and DSA keys for SSH authentic
87. ver 1 Open the lt appname gt openshift config standalone xml1 file 2 Specify the required values for any of your environment variables then save and close the file 3 Commit and push the changes to the server git commit a m COMMIT MESSAGE git push Sensitive information stored in your environment variables is visible if you use the rhc app snapshot commands 3 8 7 Using Node js This section provides the basic information required for running Node js applications on OpenShift 3 8 7 1 Repository Layout When you create a new Node js application on OpenShift the application directory is populated with several files The following table displays this layout 58 Chapter 3 OpenShift Command Line Interface Table 3 7 Node js Repository Layout node_modules Node modules packaged with the application deplist txt Deprecated List of nom modules to install with the application npm_global_module_list List of globally installed and available nom modules server js OpenShift sample Node application package json Package descriptor for nom README Information about using Node js with OpenShift openshift Location for OpenShift specific files openshift action_hooks pre_bui Script that gets run every git push before the build Id openshift action_hooks build Script that gets run every git push as part of the build process on the Cl system if available openshift action_hooks deploy Script that gets run
88. ver Interface applications perl 5 10 for Perl applications jobossas 7 for JBoss AS applications running on Java 6 or Java 7 jbosseap 6 0 for JBoss EAP applications running on Java 6 or Java 7 OpenShift All Versions User Guide 33 jenkins 1 4 for Jenkins applications nodejs 0 6 for Node js applications diy 0 1 a Do it Yourself DIY cartridge type used to create applications of no specific type K You need to specify the version of the application type This is to enable support for multiple versions in later releases of OpenShift d debug Enable debugging mode to produce more verbose output to assist in troubleshooting h help Display command usage information Refer to rhc app create help for a complete list of options 3 4 4 1 Using DIY Cartridges You can use OpenShift to create applications of no specific type for build or other testing purposes The syntax for using this cartridge type is the same as all other cartridge types rhc app create a myapp t diy 0 1 This creates an application that is not publicly available nor does it have anything running You need to use git push and the openshift action_hooks scripts to perform all required operations 3 5 Editing and Deploying Applications To deploy your application to the cloud you need to make any required changes to your application code base commit those changes to your local repository and then update the remote r
89. vious section you could create aliases that better suited your own domain and application purposes You can use the rhc app add alias command to create these aliases as follows rhc app add alias a racer alias racer indy com Both http racer ecs example com and http racer indy com point to the same DNS and display the same site If at any time you need to remove the alias use the remove alias command rhc app remove alias a racer alias racer indy com Command Options The rhe app create command supports the following options 1 rhlogin The login name of the user creating the application p password The login password of the user creating the application If not specified on the command line the command prompts for this information a app The name of the application to create c cartridge The added cartridge to manage required for the cartridge command r repo The path to the local repository that you want to create This repository must be empty OpenShift currently only supports git repositories n nogit Only create a remote repository do not automatically create a local copy t type The framework type to create OpenShift currently supports the following application types php 5 3 for PHP applications python 2 6 for Web Server Gateway Interface applications ruby 1 9 for Ruby Webserver Interface applications ruby 1 8 for Ruby Webser
90. wing command replacing app_directory with the root directory for your application mkdir app_directory openshift mms 3 Add the settings py file to the mms directory cp mms agent settings py app_directory openshift mms PP portant The settings py file contains the MMS agent settings that contain the API keys for connecting to your MMS account and updating the monitoring metrics The MMS agent will not function without this file 4 Use git to add and commit the mms directory to your local repository then push it to your remote repository cd app_directory git add openshift mms git commit m mms settings a git push 5 Use the following command to add the agent to your application OpenShift All Versions User Guide 63 rhc app cartridge add a app_name c 10gen mms agent 0 1 page enter your host s details and start monitoring your application 4 1 2 Monitoring Your Applications with MMS 4 1 2 1 Adding Hosts to MMS After you have created an application and added the MMS agent you can add the host to the Hosts credentials that were provided when you added MongoDB to your application If you no longer have this information you can retrieve it directly from your application as follows 1 Use SSH to connect to your application ssh UUID appname namespace example com where UUTD is the UUID of your application You can retrieve this using the rhc domain show command Replace appname and

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