Home

Wireshark User's Guide

1. Menu Item Accelerator Description Summary Show information about the data captured see Section 8 2 The Summary window Protocol Display a hierarchical tree of protocol statistics see Hierarchy Section 8 3 The Protocol Hierarchy window Conversations Display a list of conversations traffic between two endpoints see Section 8 4 2 The Conversations window Endpoints Display a list of endpoints traffic to from an address see Section 8 5 2 The Endpoints window Packet See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows Lengths IO Graphs Display user specified graphs e g the number of packets in the course of time see Section 8 6 The JO Graphs window Conversation Display a list of conversations obsoleted by the combined List window of Conversations above see Section 8 4 3 The protocol specific Conversation List windows Endpoint List Display a list of endpoints obsoleted by the combined window of Endpoints above see Section 8 5 3 The protocol specific Endpoint List windows Service Display the time between a request and the corresponding Response Time response see Section 8 7 Service Response Time 34 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description ANCP See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows BOOTP See Section 8 10 Th
2. pal Capture Filters Capture Capture This item brings up a dialog box that allows you Filters to create and edit capture filters You can name filters and you can save them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters 5 Display Filters Analyze Display This item brings up a dialog box that allows you Filters to create and edit display filters You can name filters and you can save them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters He Coloring Rules View Coloring This item brings up a dialog box that allows you Rules color packets in the packet list pane according to 41 User Interface Toolbar Toolbar Item Corresponding Description Icon Menu Item filter expressions you choose It can be very useful for spotting certain types of packets More detail on this subject is provided in Section 10 3 Packet colorization X Preferences Edit Preferences This item brings up a dialog box that allows you to set preferences for many parameters that control Wireshark You can also save your preferences so Wireshark will use them the next time you start it More detail is provided in Section 10 5 Preferences Ke Help Help Contents This item brings up help dialog box 3 17 The Filter toolbar The filter toolbar lets you quickly edit an
3. 10 211 55 3 50948 81 7 166 249 Prepare a Filter gt Not Selected A gt B 10 211 55 3 41632 194 237 107 Find Packet gt and Selected gt A lt B 10 211 55 3 51305 193 69 165 2 3 bju A lt gt 10 211593 SM1 a078 IASI Colorize Conversation or Selected A ANY 10 211 55 3 41623 209 85 141 99 http 4 1967 and not Selected gt A gt ANY 10 211 55 3 43305 62 70 11 43 http 2 195 or not Selected gt A lt ANY 10 211 55 3 51291 193 69 165 29 http 2 1876 I S41 any lt gt B I gt ANY lt B mie Name resolution Limit to display filter ANY gt B Hep EH Copy Ed ciose Each row in the list shows the statistical values for exactly one conversation Name resolution will be done if selected in the window and if it is active for the specific protocol layer MAC layer for the selected Ethernet endpoints page Limit to display filter will only show conversations matching the current display filter The copy button will copy the list values to the clipboard in CSV Comma Separated Values format 128 Statistics Tip T This window will be updated frequently so it will be useful even if you open it before or while you are doing a live capture 8 4 3 The protocol specific Conversation List windows Before the combined window described above was available each of its pages was shown as a separate window Even though the combined window is much more convenient to
4. The default columns will show e No The number of the packet in the capture file This number won t change even if a display filter is used Time The timestamp of the packet The presentation format of this timestamp can be changed see Section 6 12 Time display formats and time references Source The address where this packet is coming from Destination The address where this packet is going to Protocol The protocol name in a short perhaps abbreviated version Info Additional information about the packet content There is a context menu right mouse click available see details in Figure 6 4 Pop up menu of the Packet List pane 43 User Interface 3 19 The Packet Details pane The packet details pane shows the current packet selected in the Packet List pane in a more detailed form Figure 3 17 The Packet Details pane Frame 1 42 bytes on wire 42 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Ost Broadcast ff ff ff ff ff fh Address Resolution Protocol request gratuitous ARP This pane shows the protocols and protocol fields of the packet selected in the Packet List pane The protocols and fields of the packet are displayed using a tree which can be expanded and collapsed There is a context menu right mouse click available see details in Figure 6 5 Pop up menu of the Packet Details pane Some protocol fi
5. Lua Console Filter imj Expression Evaluate Wiki No Time Source Destination Protocol 1 0 000000 192 168 0 2 Broadcast ARP 42 Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 2 CF 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP 54 v3 Membership Report Join group DyLy226L56 Leen Lesio2 192 168 0 1 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 v mm gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 COO O0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Source port ncu 2 3196 2 Destination port http 80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number Header length 28 bytes window size value 64240 g 000A OQ 09 5b 2d 75 9a OO Ob Sd 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 sa betises asss Es 0010 Q00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO a8 OO 02 cO ag 0 H apesssns 0020 QQ 01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 MAN A a E p 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 D Aaaa Daaa O File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 015 Profile Default Table 3 10 Tools menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Firewall ACL This allows you to create command line ACL rules for Rules many different firewall products including Cisco IOS Linux Netfilter iptables OpenBSD pf and Windows Firewall via netsh Rules f
6. Edit Filter List is processed in order until match is Found Name String i cotp cotp arp ts fr x Se Move L selected filter Manage uninterested upordown tcp CES z eag B Hep a Apply ed save X Close 145 Customizing Wireshark Once the Coloring Rules dialog box is up there are a number of buttons you can use depending on whether or not you have any color filters installed already P Note _ You will need to carefully select the order the coloring rules are listed as they are applied in order from top to bottom So more specific rules need to be listed before more general rules For example if you have a color rule for UDP before the one for DNS the color rule for DNS will never be applied as DNS uses UDP so the UDP rule will match first If this is the first time you have used Coloring Rules click on the New button which will bring up the Edit color filter dialog box as shown in Figure 10 2 The Edit Color Filter dialog box Figure 10 2 The Edit Color Filter dialog box Wireshark Edit Color Filter Filter Name larp Display Colors Foreground Color Background Color In the Edit Color dialog box simply enter a name for the color filter and enter a filter string in the Filter text field Figure 10 2 The Edit Color Filter dialog box shows the values arp and arp which means that the name of the color filter is arp and the f
7. Item Identical to main Description menu s item Export Selected File This menu item is the same as the File menu item of the same Packet Bytes name It allows you to export raw packet bytes to a binary file Wiki Protocol Show the wiki page corresponding to the currently selected Page protocol in your web browser Filter Field Show the filter field reference web page corresponding to Reference the currently selected protocol in your web browser Protocol The menu item takes you to the properties dialog and selects Preferences the page corresponding to the protocol if there are properties associated with the highlighted field More information on preferences can be found in Figure 10 8 The preferences dialog box Decode As Analyze Change or apply a new relation between two dissectors Disable Protocol Allows you to temporarily disable a protocol dissector which may be blocking the legitimate dissector Resolve Name View Causes a name resolution to be performed for the selected packet but NOT every packet in the capture Go to Go If the selected field has a corresponding packet go to it Corresponding Corresponding packets will usually be a request response Packet packet pair or such 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing Wireshark has two filtering languages One used when capturing packets and one used when displaying packets In this section we explore that second ty
8. Right clicking on a TCP protocol detail item will display a help menu item that displays the Wikipedia page for TCP Right clicking on the TCP destination or source ports will display additional help menu items that take you to the TCP ports section of the page The location data and PATH can be omitted if they are not needed For example the following configuration is functionally equivalent to the previous configuration database source Wikipedia version 1 location http en wikipedia org wiki map tcp TCP TCP _OVERVIEW Transmission_Control_Protocol Destination port Transmission_Control_Protocol TCP_ports Source port Transmission_Control_Protocol TCP_ports 208 Files and Folders A 3 Windows folders A 3 1 Here you will find some details about the folders used in Wireshark on different Windows versions As already mentioned you can find the currently used folders in the About Wireshark dialog Windows profiles Windows uses some special directories to store user configuration files which define the user profile This can be confusing as the default directory location changed from Windows version to version and might also be different for English and internationalized versions of Windows Eg Note The following guides you to the right place where to look for Wireshark s profile data If you ve upgraded to a new Windows version your profile might be kept in the former location so the def
9. cee cece ceeeceeeceeeceeece cena eens eeueeeneeennees 14 28215 Install Wireshark sicion Seb ster os E Ea e REE A gee eadeser 14 2 8 2 Manual WinPcap Installation 2 0 0 0 eee eee cece cee ceeeca teen eeea sean eeueeees 16 2 3 32 Update Wireshark seteno pns rono n EEE sbepeeunagent NEERA Y 16 2 8 4 Update WinPeap me eas ner a e od AE R E N E ES ate N 16 2 8 55 Uninstall Wireshark soenen lbh oe ative tag pee td as Mens E SOR AEE SS 16 28 0 Uninstall WinP cap a ae a ea leads liad arcechehater hb aude E se a eesyees 17 3 User Interface nny pne e Sea gre eet ask r E E sands ty Seance AE EEI E Ea E E he ee esk goes 18 3 1 MMTOMUCH ON e E a E R A EN E S 18 3 2 Start Wireshark resten e a a a A e a E sewed ESNE 18 3 3 The MA wandOw N a fea thera TE Ta N E ATASE 18 3 3 1 Main Window Navigation sseesseseesueeessrerrsersrrreerreresrrerrrrreerrrerreeeereee 19 34 The Menu r n Sth is Dea a acd a eh N A AE A a deen Moe eas ASSR i 20 iii Wireshark User s Guide 3295 The Hle menu nierien n say lew stove sonnge a peedesebs svaecsy vase stops tue E ETERNE E 21 3 6 The Edit Men sa rae postage ee cane eves vx des Gace ak E ate knee dus SNA 24 3 7 The View Meisa a tes dace h poet reek weg eubiven a dees oyroddes a E a RAR 26 3 82 The Go Menu ee en a E E E e a E E AE TER 29 3 9 The Captuite Men sassen e a E aa ge e E AES EE EAEE 31 3 10 The Analyze menuaren E sven te pel TEE EE E A et EAN 32 3 11 The Statistics
10. Table 3 9 Telephony menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description TAX2 See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows SMPP See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows Operations SCTP See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows ANSI See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows GSM See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows H 225 See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows ISUP See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows Messages LTE See Section 9 4 LTE MAC Traffic Statistics MTP3 See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows RTP See Section 9 2 RTP Analysis SIP See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows UCP See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows Messages VoIP Calls See Section 9 3 VoIP Calls WAP WSP See Section 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows 36 User Interface 3 13 The Tools menu The Wireshark Tools menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 10 Tools menu items Figure 3 11 The Tools Menu ra test cap m m X Eile Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help Daaa BEBXZAJAS 4 Firewall ACL Rules LA AO a aao B
11. cece cesses cence eeeee 2 1 1 4 Import files from many other capture programs cseceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee tees 2 1 1 5 Export files for many other capture programs cceceeeeseeeeeceeeceeeee eens 2 1 1 6 Many protocol decoders 0 00 0 cee cece cee ceee cee ca eeca ceca cena sean EEEE SSES 2 1 1 7 Open Source SoftWare serea E eee ised hs bee Sivek ERE ede eee 2 121 8 What Wireshark IS DOL 153 00 ass ssec sesh evte sesvesd pee een Ep VREER S RENEE 3 1 2 System Requirements soiree teed ieee aE aE hey AN acd Me See 3 12ele General Remarks aorin aeaa Aa ae Eae Sau heee sheet AE dues 3 12 2 Microsoft Windows serrera tee E sea tite E tee al ieee eo 3 123 WK LINUX sists vy under cep suades te Sea geeye see eok pa E Suadwisesen geste esasbuetey ce seaneh es 4 13 Where to get Wireshark siec y ceases E e ER Soca ve dubs ed E E ETAS 5 LAA brief history of Wireshark nosicie en a e E e nia 5 1 5 Development and maintenance of Wireshark ccseeceseeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeecaeeeene eres 5 1 6 Reporting problems and getting help ssesrsssesrsseerrsresrrreerrrrrsrrerrsresrreeerrerrereet 6 1 6215 WeDSite cii setete tredes ace RU EAE Rie uae beleive 6 16 2 WIR aene e ten cates tives Ses a thee hue laat nc eteety eshte deo amen evonther des cake 6 1 63 Q amp A Forum e e eee 6 VGA FAQ e o n ys O E sen des E AE NE EEA 6 16 5 Maing LIStS enira aE EE ade deh a E SERS 7 16 6 Reporting Probl
12. e Simultaneous capturing from multiple network interfaces The capture engine still lacks the following features e Stop capturing or doing some other action depending on the captured data 4 2 Prerequisites Setting up Wireshark to capture packets for the first time can be tricky Tip uy A comprehensive guide How To setup a Capture is available at http wiki wireshark org CaptureSetup Here are some common pitfalls e You need to have root Administrator privileges to start a live capture e You need to choose the right network interface to capture packet data from e You need to capture at the right place in the network to see the traffic you want to see and a lot more If you have any problems setting up your capture environment you should have a look at the guide mentioned above 4 3 Start Capturing One of the following methods can be used to start capturing packets with Wireshark You can get an overview of the available local interfaces using the Capture Interfaces dialog box see Figure 4 1 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Microsoft Windows or Figure 4 2 47 Capturing Live Network Data The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Unix Linux You can start a capture from this dialog box using one of the Capture button s You can start capturing using the at Capture Options dialog box see Figure 4 3 The Capture Options dialog box e If y
13. 11 13 2 12 1 Arguments filename optional A filename 11 13 2 12 2 Returns The full pathname for a file in the personal configuration directory 11 13 2 13 datafile_path filename 11 13 2 13 1 Arguments filename optional A filename 11 13 2 13 2 Returns The full pathname for a file in wireshark s configuration directory 11 13 2 14 register_stat_cmd_arg argument action Register a function to handle a z option 11 13 2 14 1 Arguments argument Argument action optional Action 201 Appendix A Files and Folders A 1 Capture Files A 1 1 A 1 2 To understand which information will remain available after the captured packets are saved to a capture file it s helpful to know a bit about the capture file contents Wireshark uses the libpcap file format as the default format to save captured packets this format has existed for a long time and it s pretty simple However it has some drawbacks it s not extensible and lacks some information that would be really helpful e g being able to add a comment to a packet such as the problems start here would be really nice In addition to the libpcap format Wireshark supports several different capture file formats However the problems described above also applies for these formats A new capture file format PCAP Next Generation Dump File Format is currently under development which will fix these drawbacks However it still might take a while until the new fil
14. Context Id An Integer representing the presentation context identifier for which this association is valid Syntax Name OID The object identifier representing the abstract syntax name which defines the protocol that is carried over this association 10 14 SCCP users Table Wireshark uses this table to map specific protocols to a certain DPC SSN combination for SCCP This table is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields Network Indicator An Integer representing the network indicator for which this association is valid Called DPCs An range of integers representing the dpcs for which this association is valid Called SSNs An range of integers representing the ssns for which this association is valid User protocol The protocol that is carried over this association 10 15 SMI MIB and PIB Modules If your copy of Wireshark supports libSMI you can specify a list of MIB and PIB modules here The COPS and SNMP dissectors can use them to resolve OIDs Module name The name of the module e g IF MIB 10 16 SMI MIB and PIB Paths If your copy of Wireshark supports libSMI you can specify one or more paths to MIB and PIB modules here 156 Customizing Wireshark Directory name A module directory eg usr local snmp mibs Wireshark automatically uses the standard SMI path for your system so you usually don t have to add anything here 10 17 SNMP Enterprise Specific Trap Types Wires
15. Depending on your system you may be able to install these from binaries e g RPMs or you may need to obtain them in source code form and build them If you have downloaded the source for GTK the instructions shown in Example 2 1 Building GTK from source may provide some help in building it Example 2 1 Building GTK from source gzip da gtk 2 21 1 tar gz tar xvf lt much output removed gt cd gtk 2 2 21 1 configure lt much output removed gt make lt much output removed gt make install lt much output removed gt P Note You may need to change the version number of GTK in Example 2 1 Building GTK from source to match the version of GTK you have downloaded The directory you change to will change if the version of GTK changes and in all cases tar xvf will show you the name of the directory you should change to Ej Note If you use Linux or have GNU tar installed you can use tar zxvf gtk 2 21 1 tar gz It is also possible to use gunzip c or gzcat rather than gzip de on many UNIX systems P Note If you downloaded GTK or any other tar file using Windows you may find your file called gtk 2_21_1_tar gz You should consult the GTK web site if any errors occur in carrying out the instructions in Example 2 1 Building GTK from source If you have downloaded the source to libpcap the general instructions shown in Example 2 2 Building and installi
16. XXX are there any such NIC s that generate time stamps on the USB hardware 7 5 Time Zones If you travel across the planet time zones can be confusing If you get a capture file from somewhere around the world time zones can even be a lot more confusing First of all there are two reasons why you may not need to think about time zones at all e You are only interested in the time differences between the packet time stamps and don t need to know the exact date and time of the captured packets which is often the case e You don t get capture files from different time zones than your own so there are simply no time zone problems For example everyone in your team is working in the same time zone as yourself 117 Advanced Topics 7 5 1 What are time zones People expect that the time reflects the sunset Dawn should be in the morning maybe around 06 00 and dusk in the evening maybe at 20 00 These times will obviously vary depending on the season It would be very confusing if everyone on earth would use the same global time as this would correspond to the sunset only at a small part of the world For that reason the earth is split into several different time zones each zone with a local time that corresponds to the local sunset The time zone s base time is UTC Coordinated Universal Time or Zulu Time military and aviation The older term GMT Greenwich Mean Time shouldn t be used as it is slightly incorrect
17. s lt char gt select comma space printable character as quote d s n t adlalr d ddle u s hms X lt key gt lt value gt z lt statistics gt Miscellaneous 0o lt name gt lt value gt K lt keytab gt G report aggregator select double single no quotes for values output format of time stamps def r rel to first output format of seconds def s seconds flush standard output after each packet be more quiet on stdout e g when using statistics only log true errors to stderr quieter than q enable group read access on the output file s Save extra information in the file if supported n write network address resolution information eXtension options see the man page for details various statistics see the man page for details display this help and exit display version info and exit override preference setting keytab file to use for kerberos decryption dump one of several available reports and exit default report fields use G for more help 215 Related command line tools D 3 tcpdump Capturing with tcpdump for viewing with Wireshark There are occasions when you want to capture packets using tcpdump rather than wireshark especially when you want to do a remote capture and do not want the network load associated with running Wireshark remotely not to mention all the X traffic polluting your capture However the default tepdump parameters result in a capture file where
18. 218 Related command line tools Example D 4 Help information available from rawshark Rawshark 1 9 0 SVN Rev 47047 from trunk Dump and analyze network traffic See http www wireshark org for more information Copyright 1998 2013 Gerald Combs lt gerald wireshark org gt and contributors This is free software see the source for copying conditions There is NO warranty not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Usage rawshark options Input file r lt infile gt set the pipe or file name to read from Processing d lt encap dlt gt lt proto protoname gt packet encapsulation or protocol F lt field gt field to display disable all name resolution def all enabled N lt name resolve flags gt enable specific name resolution s mntC p use the system s packet header format which may have 64 bit timestamps R lt read filter gt packet filter in Wireshark display filter syntax s skip PCAP header on input Output flush output after each packet S format string for fields sD name S stringval N numval t adlalr d ddle output format of time stamps def r rel to first Miscellaneous h display this help and exit o lt name gt lt value gt override preference setting v display version info and exit D 7 editcap Edit capture files Included with Wireshark is a small utility called editcap which is a command line utility for working with capture
19. The name of the menu item The submenus are to be separated by s The function to be called when the menu item is invoked function taking 11 7 3 2 1 Arguments name string action no arguments and returning nothing group optional The menu group into which the menu item is to be inserted If omitted defaults to MENU_STAT GENERIC One of MENU_STAT_UNSORTED Statistics MENU_STAT_GENERIC Statistics first section MENU_STAT_CONVERSATION Statistics Conversation List MENU_STAT_ENDPOINT Statistics Endpoint List MENU_STAT_RESPONSE Statistics Service Response Time MENU_STAT_TELEPHONY Telephony MENU_ANALYZE Analyze MENU_ANALYZE_ CONVERSATION Analyze Conversation Filter MENU_TOOLS_UNSORTED Tools number 11 7 3 3 new_dialog title action Pops up a new dialog 11 7 3 3 1 Arguments title Title of the dialog s window action Action to be performed when OKd A series of strings to be used as labels of the dialog s fields 11 7 3 3 2 Errors e GUI not available e At least one field required e All fields must be strings 11 7 3 4 retap_packets Rescan all packets and just run taps don t reconstruct the display 169 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 7 3 5 copy_to_clipboard text Copy a string into the clipboard 11 7 3 5 1 Arguments text The string to be copied into the clipboard 11 7 3 6 open_capture_file filename filter Open and display a capture file 11 7 3 6 1 Argum
20. Try to resolve a TCP UDP port e g 80 to something more human readable TCP UDP port conversion system service Wireshark will ask the operating system to convert a TCP or UDP port to its well known name e g 80 _ http XXX mention the role of the etc services file but don t forget the files and folders section 122 Advanced Topics 7 8 Checksums Several network protocols use checksums to ensure data integrity Tip Li Applying checksums as described here is also known as redundancy checking What are checksums for Checksums are used to ensure the integrity of data portions for data transmission or storage A checksum is basically a calculated summary of such a data portion Network data transmissions often produce errors such as toggled missing or duplicated bits As a result the data received might not be identical to the data transmitted which is obviously a bad thing Because of these transmission errors network protocols very often use checksums to detect such errors The transmitter will calculate a checksum of the data and transmits the data together with the checksum The receiver will calculate the checksum of the received data with the same algorithm as the transmitter If the received and calculated checksums don t match a transmission error has occurred Some checksum algorithms are able to recover simple errors by calculating where the expected error must be and repairing it If there
21. amp B When you first bring up the Filter Expression dialog box you are shown a tree list of field names organized by protocol and a box for selecting a relation Field Name Select a protocol field from the protocol field tree Every protocol with filterable fields is listed at the top level You can search for a particular protocol entry by entering the first few letters of the protocol name By clicking on the next to a protocol name you can get a list of the field names available for filtering for that protocol Relation Select a relation from the list of available relation The is present is a unary relation which is true if the selected field is present in a packet All other listed relations are binary relations which require additional data e g a Value to match to complete When you select a field from the field name list and select a binary relation such as the equality relation you will be given the opportunity to enter a value and possibly some range information Value You may enter an appropriate value in the Value text box The Value will also indicate the type of value for the field name you have selected like character string Predefined values Some of the protocol fields have predefined values available much like enum s in C If the selected protocol field has such values defined you can choose one of them here Range XXX add an explanation here 105 Working with captured packets O
22. e g 0 000001 NOTE The use of the Duplicate packet removal options with other editcap options except v may not always work as expected Specifically the r t or S options will very likely NOT have the desired effect if combined with the d D or w Packet manipulation s lt snaplen gt truncate each packet to max lt snaplen gt bytes of data C lt choplen gt chop each packet by lt choplen gt bytes Positive values chop at the packet beginning negative values at the packet end t lt time adjustment gt adjust the timestamp of each packet lt time adjustment gt is in relative seconds e g 0 5 S lt strict adjustment gt adjust timestamp of packets if necessary to insure strict chronological increasing order The lt strict adjustment gt is specified in relative seconds with values of 0 or 0 000001 being the most reasonable A negative adjustment value will modify timestamps so that each packet s delta time is the absolute value f the adjustment specified A value of 0 will set ll packets to the timestamp of the first packet et the probability between 0 0 and 1 0 incl hat a particular packet byte will be randomly changed E lt error probability gt tno o Output File s c lt packets per file gt split the packet output to different files based on uniform packet counts with a maximum of lt packets per file gt each split the packet output to different files based on uniform time in
23. 11 12 4 17 1 Returns The string 11 12 4 18 tvbrange ustring Obtain a Big Endian network order UTF 16 encoded string from a TvbRange 11 12 4 18 1 Returns The string 11 12 4 19 tvbrange le_ustring Obtain a Little Endian UTF 16 encoded string from a TvbRange 11 12 4 19 1 Returns The string 11 12 4 20 tvbrange stringz Obtain a zero terminated string from a TvbRange 197 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 12 4 20 1 Returns The zero terminated string 11 12 4 21 tvbrange ustringz Obtain a Big Endian network order UTF 16 encoded zero terminated string from a TvbRange 11 12 4 21 1 Returns The zero terminated string the length found in tvbr 11 12 4 22 tvbrange le_ustringz Obtain a Little Endian UTF 16 encoded zero terminated string from a TvbRange 11 12 4 22 1 Returns The zero terminated string the length found in tvbr 11 12 4 23 tvbrange bytes Obtain a ByteArray 11 12 4 23 1 Returns The ByteArray 11 12 4 24 tvbrange bitfield position length Get a bitfield from a TvbRange 11 12 4 24 1 Arguments position optional The bit offset from the begining of the TvbRange Defaults to 0 length optional The length in bits of the field Defaults to 1 11 12 4 24 2 Returns The bitfield value 11 12 4 25 tvbrange range offset length Creates a sub TvbRange from this TvbRange This is used also as the TvbRange __call metamethod 11 12 4 25 1 Arguments offset optional The offset in octets
24. 45 User Interface This is displayed if you have selected a protocol field from the Packet Details pane Tip J The value between the brackets in this example arp opcode can be used as a display filter string representing the selected protocol field Figure 3 24 The Statusbar with a display filter message may have unexpected results see the User s Guide Packets 2239 Displayed 2237 Marked 0 Profile Default This is displayed if you are trying to use a display filter which may have unexpected results For a detailed description see Section 6 4 4 A common mistake 46 Chapter 4 Capturing Live Network Data 4 1 Introduction Capturing live network data is one of the major features of Wireshark The Wireshark capture engine provides the following features e Capture from different kinds of network hardware Ethernet Token Ring ATM e Stop the capture on different triggers like amount of captured data captured time captured number of packets e Simultaneously show decoded packets while Wireshark keeps on capturing e Filter packets reducing the amount of data to be captured see Section 4 13 Filtering while capturing Capturing into multiple files while doing a long term capture and in addition the option to form a ringbuffer of these files keeping only the last x files useful for a very long term capture see Section 4 11 Capture files and file modes
25. AALS User to User indicator aal5len optional AALS Len 11 5 2 3 2 Returns The ATM pseudoheader 11 5 2 4 PseudoHeader mtp2 Creates an MTP2 PseudoHeader 11 5 2 4 1 Returns The MTP2 pseudoheader 11 6 Obtaining dissection data 11 6 1 Field A Field extractor to to obtain field values 11 6 1 1 Field new fieldname Create a Field extractor 11 6 1 1 1 Arguments fieldname The filter name of the field e g ip addr 11 6 1 1 2 Returns The field extractor 11 6 1 1 3 Errors e A Field extractor must be defined before Taps or Dissectors get called 11 6 1 2 field _call Obtain all values see FieldInfo for this field 11 6 1 2 1 Returns All the values of this field 163 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 6 1 2 2 Errors e Fields cannot be used outside dissectors or taps 11 6 2 FieldInfo An extracted Field 11 6 2 1 fieldinfo __len Obtain the Length of the field 11 6 2 2 fieldinfo __ unm Obtain the Offset of the field 11 6 2 3 fieldinfo __call Obtain the Value of the field 11 6 2 4 fieldinfo __tostring The string representation of the field 11 6 2 5 fieldinfo __eq Checks whether lhs is within rhs 11 6 2 5 1 Errors e Data source must be the same for both fields 11 6 2 6 fieldinfo __le Checks whether the end byte of lhs is before the end of rhs 11 6 2 7 fieldinfo __It Checks whether the end byte of rhs is before the beginning of rhs 11 6 2 7 1 Errors e Data sourc
26. Export Selected Packet Bytes gt lv i Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits q Wiki Protocol Page Ethernet II Src Fujitsu_20 cd 02 00 amp Filter Field Reference Iri2d 75 9a COO 09 Sbi2d 75 Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 19 gt 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port protocol Preferences gt Source port ncu 2 3196 Destination port http 80 2 Decode As stream index 5 i S2 Disable Protocol Sequence number 0 relative sequel Resolve Name Header length 28 bytes Flags 0x02 SYN J window size 64240 Mi im gt oooo Q0 09 5b 2d 75 9a OO Ob 5d 20 cd 02 08 OO 45 00 u 8 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 61 2c cO a8 00 02 cO a8 O H ayes eee 0020 QQ O1 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 OO OO OO 00 FO 02 wee PRG gaase p 0030 fa fO 27 eQ 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 ENE Flags tcp flags 2 bytes Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 Profile Default The following table gives an overview of which functions are available in this pane where to find the corresponding function in the main menu and a short description of each item Table 6 3 The menu items of the Packet Details pop up menu Item Identical to main Description menu s item Expand Subtrees View Expand the currently selected subtree Expand All View Expand all subtrees in all packets in the capture Collapse All View Wireshark keeps a list of all the p
27. IPv4 address ip addr 192 168 0 1 Classless InterDomain Routing CIDR notation can be used to test if an IPv4 address is in a certain subnet For example this display filter will find all packets in the 129 111 Class B network ip addr 129 111 0 0 16 IPv6 address ipv6 addr 1 IPX address ipx addr 00000000 fffffffftttf String text http request uri http www wireshark org Combining expressions You can combine filter expressions in Wireshark using the logical operators shown in Display Filter Logical Operations Table 6 6 Table 6 6 Display Filter Logical Operations 103 English C like Description and example and amp amp Logical AND ip src 10 0 0 5 and tcp flags fin or Il Logical OR ip scr 10 0 0 5 or ip src 192 1 1 1 xor AA Logical XOR tr dst 0 3 0 6 29 xor tr src 0 3 0 6 29 not Logical NOT not lic Substring Operator Wireshark allows you to select subsequences of a sequence in rather elaborate ways After a label you can place a pair of brackets containing a comma separated list of range specifiers Working with captured packets English C like Description and example eth src 0 3 00 00 83 The example above uses the n m format to specify a single range In this case n is the beginning offset and m is the length of the range being specified eth src 1 2 00 83 The example above uses the n m format
28. No Time Source Endpoints Protocol Length Info 10 000000 192 168 0 Packet Lengths ARP 42 Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 2 CF i 5 ee IO Graphs IGMP Ethernet FDDI 54 v3 Membership Report Join group o o ANCP Fibre Channel BOOTP DHCP IPX istratic li Li Collectd 2 11 1 226156 192 168 0 2 Compare IENA z gt http SYN seq 0 win 6424 Ll Flow Graph IPv6 Iv HTTP gt JXTA la i Frame 11 62 bytes on wire IP Addresses NCP Ethernet II src 192 168 IP Destinations RSVP ga 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 19 1P Protocol Types se PEGS 5 ONC RPC Programs Source port ncu 2 3196 Sametime TCP IPv4 amp IPv6 3 A o sj http TCP Stream Graph Token Ring stream index A UDP Multicast Streams g Sequence number 0 cr ALAN Traffie UDP IPv4 amp IPv6 Header length 28 bytes USB e Flags 0x02 SYN WLAN E window size value 64240 i m 0000 QQ 09 5b 2d 75 9a OO Ob Sd 20 cd 02 08 OO 45 00 u J E 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO a8 00 02 cO ag OHOn Aporrrra 0020 QQ O1 Oc 7c OO 50 3c 36 95 f8 00 OO 00 0Q 70 02 wee PCG nannan p 0030 fa fO 27 eQ 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 jie ae Jaaa aa aaae File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 015 Profile Default All menu items will bring up a new window showing specific statistical information Table 3 8 Statistics menu items
29. Protocol Details Tree 2 0 0 0 eee cece ceeeceeece teen seca seen eeaes 115 7 3 4 Expert Packet List Column optional 0 0 0 0 cece ceeeceeeeeeeeeeeenees 116 TA xc TIME Stamps sran ose a e e a E E tena ceusaeesceut A RS 116 7 4 1 Wireshark A oS a aE 1 A E E O N 116 142s C pt re file formats Serye eean EE EE SRNE PE EE EESE KE NEE 116 TAB AA CCULACY a E R A E E a eae ete eee 117 Wireshark User s Guide Leds TAME ZONES oye sad exer vedsechertenganh led atess wegaed ve can E A E E E EET 117 7 5 1 Set your computer s time correctly 0 0 0 ceeeceeeceeeceeeceeeeeeeeaeeenes 118 7 5 2 Wireshark and Time Zones er annei a a a E a a ASSE 119 T6 Packet Reassembln ge moenie pren e N Ea peed Soe EE oes 120 ROl What ISI e ooye a tute Beeb E EE RNE E NE ENESE 120 7 6 2 How Wireshark handles it 00 ceceeeeeeeeeceeceeceeeeeeeceecereeenereeeneresenenes 120 Teh Name RESO OM is ses dust aa og goed aeceeesuew es eet ha Ga a eda tue aes a eed aaa teou ten ee vel Saaues 121 7 7 1 Name Resolution drawbacks ccceeceeeeeceeececeeeeeereeeereeaereeaereeanenes 121 7 7 2 Ethernet name resolution MAC layer ceeeeeeeeeeeeereeenereeeereeenereees 121 7 7 3 IP name resolution network layer ceceeeeeeeeeceeeeeceereeeereeenereeenenes 122 7 7 4 IPX name resolution network layer ccc cece eeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaeenes 122 7 7 5 TCP UDP port name resolution transport layer cece ee
30. RADCOM s WAN LAN analyzer Lucent Ascend router debug output HP UX s nettl and the dump output from Toshiba s ISDN routers There is no need to tell Mergecap what type of file you are reading it will determine the file type by itself Mergecap is also capable of reading any of these file formats if they are compressed using gzip Mergecap recognizes this directly from the file the gz extension is not required for this purpose By default it writes the capture file in libpcap format and writes all of the packets in the input capture files to the output file The F flag can be used to specify the format in which to write the capture file it can write the file in libpcap format standard libpcap format a modified format used by some patched 223 Related command line tools versions of libpcap the format used by Red Hat Linux 6 1 or the format used by SuSE Linux 6 3 snoop format uncompressed Sniffer format Microsoft Network Monitor 1 x format and the format used by Windows based versions of the Sniffer software Packets from the input files are merged in chronological order based on each frame s timestamp unless the a flag is specified Mergecap assumes that frames within a single capture file are already stored in chronological order When the a flag is specified packets are copied directly from each input file to the output file independent of each frame s timestamp If the s flag is used to specify a snapshot length fra
31. Remote Capture Interfaces dialog box El 10 0 1 207 rpcap 10 0 1 207 airp rpcap 10 0 1 207 Device rpcap 10 0 1 207 Device rpcap 10 0 1 207 Device Password authentication Username Password Add Delete Apply You have to set the following parameter in this dialog Host Port Null authentication Password authentication Enter the IP address or host name of the target platform where the Remote Packet Capture Protocol service is listening The drop down list contains the hosts that have previously been successfully contacted The list can be emptied by choosing Clear list from the drop down list Set the port number where the Remote Packet Capture Protocol service is listening on Leave open to use the default port 2002 Select this if you don t need authentication to take place for a remote capture to be started This depends on the target platform Configuring the target platform like this makes it insecure This is the normal way of connecting to a target platform Set the credentials needed to connect to the Remote Packet Capture Protocol service 62 Capturing Live Network Data 4 9 2 Remote Capture Settings The remote capture can be further fine tuned to match your situation The Remote Settings button in Figure 4 4 The Edit Interface Settings dialog box gives you this option It pops up the dialog shown in Figure 4 11 The Remote Capture Set
32. Reorder timestamps of input file frames into output file See http www wireshark org for more information Usage reordercap options lt infile gt lt outfile gt Options r don t write to output file if the input file is ordered 229 Appendix E This Document s License GPL As with the original license and documentation distributed with Wireshark this document is covered by the GNU General Public License GNU GPL If you haven t read the GPL before please do so It explains all the things that you are allowed to do with this code and documentation GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead You can apply it to your programs too When we speak of free sof
33. S for seconds etc The straightforward HH MM SS format is covered by T For a full definition of the syntax look for strftime 3 The import parameters are as follows Encapsulation type Here you can select which type of frames you are importing This all depends on from what type of medium the dump to import was taken It lists all types that Wireshark understands so as to pass the capture file contents to the right dissector Dummy header When Ethernet encapsulation is selected you have to option to prepend dummy headers to the frames to import These headers can provide artificial Ethernet IP UDP or TCP or SCTP headers and SCTP data chunks When selecting a type of dummy header the applicable entries are enabled others are grayed out and default values are used Max frame length You may not be interested in the full frames from the text file just the first part Here you can define how much data from the start of the frame you want to import If you leave this open the maximum is set to 64000 bytes Once all input and import parameters are setup click OK to start the import Ea You will be prompted for an unsaved file first i If your current data wasn t saved before you will be asked to save it first before this dialog box is shown When completed there will be a new capture file loaded with the frames imported from the text file 5 6 File Sets When using the Multiple Files option while doing a capture see Sect
34. See Section 3 6 The Edit menu This menu controls the display of the captured data including colorization of packets zooming the font showing a packet in a separate window expanding and collapsing trees in packet details See Section 3 7 The View menu This menu contains items to go to a specific packet See Section 3 8 The Go menu 20 User Interface Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help This menu allows you to start and stop captures and to edit capture filters See Section 3 9 The Capture menu This menu contains items to manipulate display filters enable or disable the dissection of protocols configure user specified decodes and follow a TCP stream See Section 3 10 The Analyze menu This menu contains items to display various statistic windows including a summary of the packets that have been captured display protocol hierarchy statistics and much more See Section 3 11 The Statistics menu This menu contains items to display various telephony related statistic windows including a media analysis flow diagrams display protocol hierarchy statistics and much more See Section 3 12 The Telephony menu This menu contains various tools available in Wireshark such as creating Firewall ACL Rules See Section 3 13 The Tools menu This menu contains items that show information about th
35. Table 5 2 The system specific Save Capture File As dialog box Figure 5 4 Save on native Windows Wireshark Save file as Saver E eset t1_00001_20050819191503 pcap test 00007 _2 test 2 _20050819181505 pcap test 00008 E ad y 1 test _90913_20 test _00014_20 test _00015_20 testi _00016 20 test _00017_20 test 1_00018_20 j_20050819181505 pcap Meese t 00009 2 180819181806 pcap test _00010 j _20050819181507 pcap Jest _00011_ 2008081 20050819181507 pcap eesti 00012 _20050319 lt gt Save Cancel Cee File pame test _00005_2006061 5161507 peap Save astype Wireshark tcpdume _ libpcap pocap cap Packet Range Cephaed O Displayed Al packets 120 O Selected packet 1 ORange Microsoft Windows This is the common Windows file save dialog plus some Wireshark extensions Specific for this dialog e If available the Help button will lead you to this section of this User s Guide e If you don t provide a file extension to the filename e g pcap Wireshark will append the standard file extension for that file format Figure 5 5 Save new GTK version Ethereal Save Capture File As Name Save in folder FE 0 Packet Range Captured Displayed All packets 120 O Selected packet only 1 O Specify a packet range File type lbpcap tcpdump Ethereal etc Browse For other folders Save x Cancel Unix L
36. UL NACKs DL Frames DL Bytes DL ACKs DL NACKs CCCH TM 1 6 0 0 1 0 0 Filter on selected channel Set UL display filter for this channel Set DL display filter for this channel Set UL DL display filter for this channel Heip close 137 Telephony At the top the check box allows this window to include RLC PDUs found withing MAC PDUs or not This will affect both the PDUs counted as well as the display filters generated see below The upper list shows summaries of each active UE Each row in the lower list shows statistical highlights for individual channels within the selected UE The lower part of the windows allows display filters to be generated and set for the selected channel Note that in the case of Acknowledged Mode channels if a single direction is chosen the generated filter will show data in that direction and control PDUs in the opposite direction 9 6 The protocol specific statistics windows The protocol specific statistics windows display detailed information of specific protocols and might be described in a later version of this document Some of these statistics are described at the http wiki wireshark org Statistics pages 138 Chapter 10 Customizing Wireshark 10 1 10 2 Introduction Wireshark s default behaviour will usually suit your needs pretty well However as you become more familiar with Wireshark it can be customized in various ways to suit
37. You will be asked what directory folder to save them in If the filename is invalid for the operating system file system you are running Wireshark on then an error will appear and that object will not be saved but all of the others will be 5 8 Printing packets To print packets select the Print menu item from the File menu When you do this Wireshark pops up the Print dialog box as shown in Figure 5 18 The Print dialog box 5 8 1 The Print dialog box Figure 5 18 The Print dialog box Wireshark Print Printer oO PostScript C Output to file Packet Range All packets Selected packet only O Specify a packet range The following fields are available in the Print dialog box Printer Packet Format Captured Displayed Packet summary line 11 Packet details 1 All collapsed As displayed O All expanded C Packet bytes C Each packet on a new page This field contains a pair of mutually exclusive radio buttons Plain Text specifies that the packet print should be in plain text PostScript specifies that the packet print process should use PostScript to generate a better print output on PostScript aware printers Output to file specifies that printing be done to a file using the filename entered in the field or selected with the browse button This field is where you enter the file to print to if you have selected Print to a file or you can click the bu
38. first packet which matches the filter expression The filter expression is in display filter format If an exact match cannot be found the first packet afterwards is selected Use this option after the J option to search backwards for a first packet to go to The k option specifies that Wireshark should start capturing packets immediately This option requires the use of the i parameter to specify the interface that packet capture will occur from 142 Customizing Wireshark l L m lt font gt n N lt name resolving flags gt 0 lt preference recent settings gt P This option turns on automatic scrolling if the packet list pane is being updated automatically as packets arrive during a capture as specified by the S flag List the data link types supported by the interface and exit This option sets the name of the font used for most text displayed by Wireshark XXX add an example Disable network object name resolution such as hostname TCP and UDP port names Turns on name resolving for particular types of addresses and port numbers the argument is a string that may contain the letters m to enable MAC address resolution n to enable network address resolution and t to enable transport layer port number resolution This overrides n if both N and n are present The letter C enables concurrent asynchronous DNS lookups Sets a preference or recent value overriding the default value and
39. for unprintable characters An hexadecimal password must be entered as a sequence of xDD characters For example the hex password 010203040506 must be entered as x01 x02 x03 x04 x05 x06 10 19 Tektronix K12xx 15 RF5 protocols Table The Tektronix K12xx 15 rf5 file format uses helper files stk to identify the various protocols that are used by a certain interface Wireshark doesn t read these stk files it uses a table that helps it identify which lowest layer protocol to use Stk file to protocol matching is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields Match string A partial match for an stk filename the first match wins so if you have a specific case and a general one the specific one must appear first in the list 157 Customizing Wireshark Protocol This is the name of the encapsulating protocol the lowest layer in the packet data it can be either just the name of the protocol e g mtp2 eth_witoutfcs sscf nni or the name of the encapsulation protocol and the application protocol over it separated by a colon e g sscop sscf nni sscop alcap sscop nbap 10 20 User DLTs protocol table When a pcap file uses one of the user DLTs 147 to 162 wireshark uses this table to know which protocol s to use for each user DLT This table is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields DLT One of the user dlts Payload protocol This is the name of
40. reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and 230 This Document s License GPL modification follow GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program in
41. 000000 192 168 0 2 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 t DDL 226156 192 168702 SMPP Operations Filter ScTP gt Ixpression Clear Appl ANSI No Time Source Protocol Length Info GSM 42 Gratuitous ARP for 192 CF H 225 ISUP Messages LTE MTPS RTP SIP ARP UCP Messages VoIP Calls WAP WSP Lyt LVV W L EIB 2aagan s Bax s 54 v3 Membership Report Join group Show All Streams Stream Analysis 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 m gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 COO O0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 B Source port ncu 2 3196 E Destination port http C80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number Header length 28 bytes window size value 64240 0000 600 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 Ob Sd 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 ee eee 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO a amp OO 02 cO ag O H a ee 0020 00 01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 wee P lt 6 0 p 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 A A emcagerase File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 015 Profile Default All menu items will bring up a new window showing specific telephony related statistical information
42. 0xt In the left window the interface names are listed A green bullet indicates a successful compilation a red bullet a failure The results of an individual interface are shown in the right window when it is selected 4 8 The Add New Interfaces dialog box As a central point to manage interfaces this dialog box consists of three tabs to add or remove interfaces 57 Capturing Live Network Data Figure 4 6 The Add New Interfaces dialog box Add new interfaces 58 Capturing Live Network Data 4 8 1 Add or remove pipes Figure 4 7 The Add New Interfaces Pipes dialog box Add new interfaces To successfully add a pipe this pipe must have already been created Click the New button and type the name of the pipe including its path Alternatively the Browse button can be used to locate the pipe With the Save button the pipe is added to the list of available interfaces Afterwards other pipes can be added To remove a pipe from the list of interfaces it first has to be selected Then click the Delete button 59 Capturing Live Network Data 4 8 2 Add or hide local interfaces Figure 4 8 The Add New Interfaces Local Interfaces dialog box Tl Add new interfaces Pipes Local Interfaces Remote Interfaces Local Interfaces airpcapo3 airpcap04 airpcapo 5 Device NPF_ 5A064798 6A6 1 4599 9DEB ECB648DASEA7 Device NPF_ 15B26C38 C23D 4ED6 83F0 350AB
43. 1997 Gerald Combs needed a tool for tracking down networking problems and wanted to learn more about networking so he started writing Ethereal the former name of the Wireshark project as a way to solve both problems Ethereal was initially released after several pauses in development in July 1998 as version 0 2 0 Within days patches bug reports and words of encouragement started arriving so Ethereal was on its way to success Not long after that Gilbert Ramirez saw its potential and contributed a low level dissector to it In October 1998 Guy Harris of Network Appliance was looking for something better than tcpview so he started applying patches and contributing dissectors to Ethereal In late 1998 Richard Sharpe who was giving TCP IP courses saw its potential on such courses and started looking at it to see if it supported the protocols he needed While it didn t at that point new protocols could be easily added So he started contributing dissectors and contributing patches The list of people who have contributed to the project has become very long since then and almost all of them started with a protocol that they needed that Wireshark or Ethereal did not already handle So they copied an existing dissector and contributed the code back to the team In 2006 the project moved house and re emerged under a new name Wireshark In 2008 after ten years of development Wireshark finally arrived at version 1 0 This release
44. 2 Obtaining the source and binary distributions You can obtain both source and binary distributions from the Wireshark web site http www wireshark org Simply select the download link and then select either the source package or binary package of your choice from the mirror site closest to you P Download all required files i In general unless you have already downloaded Wireshark before you will most likely need to download several source packages if you are building Wireshark from source This is covered in more detail below Once you have downloaded the relevant files you can go on to the next step Ej Note While you will find a number of binary packages available on the Wireshark web site you might not find one for your platform and they often tend to be several versions behind the current released version as they are contributed by people who have the platforms they are built for For this reason you might want to pull down the source distribution and build it as the process is relatively simple Building and Installing Wireshark 2 3 Before you build Wireshark under UNIX Before you build Wireshark from sources or install a binary package you must ensure that you have the following other packages installed e GTK The GIMP Tool Kit You will also need Glib Both can be obtained from www gtk org e libpcap the packet capture software that Wireshark uses You can obtain libpcap from www tcpdump org
45. 217 D 6 rawshark Dump and analyze network traffic 0 cece ceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeecenueeeene ees 218 D 7 editcap Edit capture Hil s esc yenienn re agen aao a teeth Sun E EERE EA 219 D 8 mergecap Merging multiple capture files into one seecsesreeereesresrrerreesreerees 223 D 9 text2pcap Converting ASCII hexdumps to network captures eecceecceereeereeeeees 224 D 10 idl2wrs Creating dissectors from CORBA IDL files 10 0 0 ceeeeeeneeeeeeeeeees 227 D031 What 18 102 pedoo eeno en dest ensue phils saipet sen ERENER EREE 227 D10 2 Why doi this aiei ieee sedan nee paseo A aes see E 227 D 10 3 HOw to USCA 2ZWIS miseen ae e se vaca deueadeds cued cate ve seeds wea daa tenes 227 D104 TODO ssh shite sedis eve ee eee ee 228 D 4 0253 TEIMItatlONS 222 scene deeecs decedesope En E A teers Soaea ete Sen veo ee Cees leo es 229 D106 Notes sinnini eres Shee ee eR ee eines abel 229 D 11 reordercap Reorder a capture file 2 0 0 0 c eee cc ence ence ence eeceeeeeeeeaeeenes 229 E This Document s License GPL 2 0 00 0 cccec cece cece eee e cece eee e ee ceca ee eee cece ee eeneneeeeaeeeeegees 230 Vili Preface 1 Foreword Wireshark is one of those programs that many network managers would love to be able to use but they are often prevented from getting what they would like from Wireshark because of the lack of documentation This document is part of an effort by the Wireshark team to improve the usab
46. 5 and shows how to use two primitives and the and conjunction Another example is shown in Example 4 2 Capturing all telnet traffic not from 10 0 0 5 and shows how to capture all telnet traffic except that from 10 0 0 5 Example 4 2 Capturing all telnet traffic not from 10 0 0 5 tcp port 23 and not src host 10 0 0 5 XXX add examples to the following list A primitive is simply one of the following srcldst host lt host gt This primitive allows you to filter on a host IP address or name You can optionally precede the primitive with the keyword srcldst to specify that you are only interested in 66 Capturing Live Network Data ether srcldst host lt ehost gt gateway host lt host gt srcldst net lt net gt mask lt mask gt l len lt len gt tcpludp srcldst port lt port gt lesslgreater lt length gt iplether proto lt protocol gt etherlip broadcastlmulticast lt expr gt relop lt expr gt source or destination addresses If these are not present packets where the specified address appears as either the source or the destination address will be selected This primitive allows you to filter on Ethernet host addresses You can optionally include the keyword srcldst between the keywords ether and host to specify that you are only interested in source or destination addresses If these are not present packets where the specified address appears in either the source or destination
47. 6 6 Defining and saving filters Display Filter This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to create Macros and edit display filter macros You can name filter macros and you can save them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Section 6 7 Defining and saving filter macros Apply as This menu item adds the selected protocol item in the packet Column details pane as a column to the packet list Apply as Filter gt oe These menu items will change the current display filter and apply the changed filter immediately Depending on the chosen menu item the current display filter string will be replaced or appended to by the selected protocol field in the packet details pane 32 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Prepare a Filter These menu items will change the current display filter but gt won t apply the changed filter Depending on the chosen menu item the current display filter string will be replaced or appended to by the selected protocol field in the packet details pane Enabled Shift Ctrl E This menu item allows the user to enable disable protocol Protocols dissectors see Section 10 4 1 The Enabled Protocols dialog box Decode As This menu item allows the user to force Wireshark to decode certain packets as a particular protocol see Section 10 4 2 User Specified Decodes User S
48. 8 4 2 Statistics of the captured conversations What is a Conversation A network conversation is the traffic between two specific endpoints For example an IP conversation is all the traffic between two IP addresses The description of the known endpoint types can be found in Section 8 5 1 What is an Endpoint The Conversations window The conversations window is similar to the endpoint Window see Section 8 5 2 The Endpoints window for a description of their common features Along with addresses packet counters and byte counters the conversation window adds four columns the time in seconds between the start of the capture and the start of the conversation Rel Start the duration of the conversation in seconds and the average bits not bytes per second in each direction Figure 8 3 The Conversations window Conversations http pcap ele Ethernet 1 iPva 15 TCP 38 upe 1 TCP Conversations Filter http or dns Address A PotA Address B Pot B Packets Bytes Packets A gt B Bytes A gt B Packets A lt B 10 211 55 3 60790 193 69 165 21 http 126 72615 63 28028 63 10 211 55 3 60789 193 69 165 21 http 104 64791 52 23330 52 10 211 55 3 41144 128 121 50 122 http 18 9991 9 6794 9 10 211 55 3 41145 128 121 50 122 http 18 8994 9 6885 9 10 211 55 3 45168 193 69 165 57 http 4 3336 2 970 2 m 4 Cammer 7 5 x 10 211 55 3 45169 193 69 165 5
49. Export Selected Packet Bytes dialog box We Daa Mata Wireshark Export kaw Oata Save in di Packet Analysis Data mg Ez Name r Date modified No items match your search a m File name Save as type 20 bytes of raw binary data will be written e Name the filename to export the packet data to 89 File Input Output and Printing 5 7 8 The Save in folder field lets you select the folder to save to from some predefined folders Browse for other folders provides a flexible way to choose a folder The Export Objects dialog box This feature scans through HTTP streams in the currently open capture file or running capture and takes reassembled objects such as HTML documents image files executables and anything else that can be transferred over HTTP and lets you save them to disk If you have a capture running this list is automatically updated every few seconds with any new objects seen The saved objects can then be opened with the proper viewer or executed in the case of executables if it is for the same platform you are running Wireshark on without any further work on your part This feature is not available when using GTK2 versions below 2 4 Figure 5 17 The Export Objects dialog box 1546 www wireshark org text html 8837 www wireshark org 1593 www wireshark org text css 4243 ws l css 1845 www wireshark org application x javascript 1185 common js 2488 www wireshark org im
50. Juniper MLFR juniper mlppp Juniper MLPPP juniper ppp Juniper PPP juniper pppoe Juniper PPPoE juniper vp Juniper Voice PIC k12 K12 protocol analyzer lapb LAPB lapd LAPD layerl event EyeSDN Layer 1 event lin Local Interconnect Network linux atm clip Linux ATM CLIP linux lapd LAPD with Linux pseudo header linux sll Linux cooked mode capture ltalk Localtalk mime MIME most Media Oriented Systems Transport mp2ts ISO IEC 13818 1 MPEG2 TS mpeg MPEG mtp2 SS7 MTP2 mtp2 with phdr MTP2 with pseudoheader mtp3 SS7 MTP3 mux27010 MUX27010 netanalyzer netANALYZER netanalyzer transparent netANALYZER Transparent nfc llcp NFC LLCP nflog NFLOG nstracel0 NetScaler Encapsulation 1 0 of Ethernet nstrace20 NetScaler Encapsulation 2 0 of Ethernet null NULL packetlogger PacketLogger pflog OpenBSD PF Firewall logs pflog old OpenBSD PF Firewall logs pre 3 4 ppi Per Packet Information header ppp PPP ppp with direction PPP with Directional Info pppoes PPP over Ethernet session 222 Related command line tools raw icmp nettl Raw ICMP with nettl headers raw icmpv6 nettl Raw ICMPv6 with nettl headers raw telnet nettl Raw telnet with nettl headers rawip Raw IP rawip nettl Raw IP with nettl headers rawip4 Raw IPv4 rawip6 Raw IPv6 redback Redback SmartEdge sccp SS7 SCCP sctp SCTP sdi SDH sdlc SDLG sita wan SITA WA
51. Preferences file To remove a host including all its interfaces from the list it has to be selected Then click the Delete button For a detailed description see Section 4 9 The Remote Capture Interfaces dialog box 4 9 The Remote Capture Interfaces dialog box Besides doing capture on local interfaces Wireshark is capable of reaching out across the network to a so called capture daemon or service processes to receive captured data from El Microsoft Windows only _ This dialog and capability is only available on Microsoft Windows On Linux Unix you can achieve the same effect securely through an SSH tunnel The Remote Packet Capture Protocol service must first be running on the target platform before Wireshark can connect to it The easiest way is to install WinPcap from http www winpcap org install default htm on the target Once installation is completed go to the Services control panel find the Remote Packet Capture Protocol service and start it 61 Capturing Live Network Data P Note a_i Make sure you have outside access to port 2002 on the target platform This is the port where the Remote Packet Capture Protocol service can be reached by default To access the Remote Capture Interfaces dialog use the Add New Interfaces Remote dialog see Figure 4 9 The Add New Interfaces Remote Interfaces dialog box and select Add 4 9 1 Remote Capture Interfaces Figure 4 10 The
52. SS TVD nr i o n adultes R orbs ale E gee Wan aay obese ley 193 T124 TV DRANG weiss yeh Scans otedacdgeeger sere td cee deb dacenduns Senge veddesoeweda teawe E 195 VAD Ss UAB eet te ee ose od Rea re ME ee Me ee dha ete A ee 199 ELAS Utility PUNCHONS s 3 0csso9 see Son ph ae eses swan sostwsd ghee wonaes psec E seta gealees Seton een EEE 199 TERA TOUT eS ios Pea a de nice Sih isk ede aed eb eee dina ce ganged Oa 199 11 13 2 Non Method Functions 2 0 0 0 cece cece e a e eS 199 Ae Piles and FOES 3 5 EE ecesistates te E shore E E stab eedlits 202 Al Capture FILES 05 suse ssgeneteviesh sutesisny Son dyshteotesedewedayee AE ste rdvenvetmesedvnsteudey sates ESS 202 AA Eibpeap FilesContents js ssscersdeetes er E vcsa ty doeees been cnce ee duties 202 A 1 2 Not Saved in the Capture File 2 0 0 0 cece cece ee cece cece cen eeneeeneeeees 202 A 2 Configuration Files and Folders 20 0 0 cccccece cece eecceece eee neeeceeeeeeeeeeeeaeseaeeenes 203 A 2 1 Protocol help configuration ccc cece cece eee cn eece cece cena eeneeeneeeeeeeenes 207 A3 Windows folders cerasina e cece Rae acta ees aden ee has aed as ava seals 209 Vil Wireshark User s Guide As3ul Windows profiles 7 csc does toes ass hres eee saan ese a EAE EEEN ET DES EE 209 A 3 2 Windows 7 Vista XP 2000 and NT roaming profiles ceeeeeeeeee 209 A 3 3 Windows temporary folder 1 0 0 0 cece ceee eee cee eeeeen teen eeeaeeae een eeueeees 2
53. Selected 209 89 481 99 4 1907 oe 58 Colorize Host Traffic or Selected 81 93 172 130 4 1610 2 524 e se 194 237 107 53 4 3817 2 1830 2 19g and not Selected 193 88 71 150 4 2193 2 1037 2 115 or not Selected 66 102 9 99 2 1060 1 425 1 635 194 237 107 154 2 1252 1 277 1 975 Name resolution Limit to display filter cc ow B For each supported protocol a tab is shown in this window Each tab label shows the number of endpoints captured e g the tab label Ethernet 5 tells you that five ethernet endpoints have been captured If no endpoints of a specific protocol were captured the tab label will be greyed out although the related page can still be selected Each row in the list shows the statistical values for exactly one endpoint Name resolution will be done if selected in the window and if it is active for the specific protocol layer MAC layer for the selected Ethernet endpoints page As you might have noticed the first row has a name resolution of the first three bytes Netgear the second row s address was resolved to an IP address using ARP and the third was resolved to a broadcast unresolved this would still be ff ff ff ff ff ff the last two Ethernet addresses remain unresolved Limit to display filter will only show conversations matching the current display filter The copy button will copy the list values to the clipboard in CSV Comma Separated Values format Tip Ky This window will be updated
54. Textronix K12 text file format captures e Apple PacketLogger captures e Captures from Aethra Telecommunications PC108 software for their test instruments e new file formats are added from time to time P Opening a file may fail due to invalid packet types It may not be possible to read some formats dependent on the packet types captured Ethernet captures are usually supported for most file formats but it may not be possible to read other packet types e g token ring packets from all file formats 5 3 Saving captured packets You can save captured packets simply by using the Save As menu item from the File menu under Wireshark You can choose which packets to save and which file format to be used fi Saving may reduce the available information Saving the captured packets will slightly reduce the amount of information e g the number of dropped packets will be lost see Section A 1 Capture Files for details 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog box The Save Capture File As dialog box allows you to save the current capture to a file Table 5 2 The system specific Save Capture File As dialog box shows some examples of this dialog box Ey The dialog appearance depends on your system The appearance of this dialog depends on the system and GTK toolkit version used However the functionality remains basically the same on any particular system 73 File Input Output and Printing
55. You still can get it from http www wireshark org download win32 all versions Microsoft retired support for Windows 2000 in 2010 e Windows CE and the embedded versions of Windows are not currently supported e Multiple monitor setups are supported but may behave a bit strangely Unix Linux Wireshark currently runs on most UNIX platforms The system requirements should be comparable to the Windows values listed above Binary packages are available for at least the following platforms e Apple Mac OS X Debian GNU Linux e FreeBSD e Gentoo Linux e HP UX e Mandriva Linux e NetBSD e OpenPKG e Red Hat Enterprise Fedora Linux e rPath Linux e Sun Solaris i386 Introduction e Sun Solaris Sparc e Canonical Ubuntu If a binary package is not available for your platform you should download the source and try to build it Please report your experiences to wireshark dev AT wireshark org 1 3 Where to get Wireshark You can get the latest copy of the program from the Wireshark website http www wireshark org download html The website allows you to choose from among several mirrors for downloading A new Wireshark version will typically become available every 4 8 months If you want to be notified about new Wireshark releases you should subscribe to the wireshark announce mailing list You will find more details in Section 1 6 5 Mailing Lists 1 4 A brief history of Wireshark In late
56. address will be selected This primitive allows you to filter on packets that used host as a gateway That is where the Ethernet source or destination was host but neither the source nor destination IP address was host This primitive allows you to filter on network numbers You can optionally precede this primitive with the keyword srel dst to specify that you are only interested in a source or destination network If neither of these are present packets will be selected that have the specified network in either the source or destination address In addition you can specify either the netmask or the CIDR prefix for the network if they are different from your own This primitive allows you to filter on TCP and UDP port numbers You can optionally precede this primitive with the keywords sreldst and tepludp which allow you to specify that you are only interested in source or destination ports and TCP or UDP packets respectively The keywords tepludp must appear before srcldst If these are not specified packets will be selected for both the TCP and UDP protocols and when the specified address appears in either the source or destination port field This primitive allows you to filter on packets whose length was less than or equal to the specified length or greater than or equal to the specified length respectively This primitive allows you to filter on the specified protocol at either the Ethernet layer or the IP layer This primi
57. after File s Enal Stop Capture neces Enal after packet s _ after Enal C after minute s Use Help 51 Capturing Live Network Data Tip If you are unsure which options to choose in this dialog box just try keeping the defaults as this should work well in many cases 4 5 1 Capture frame The table shows the settings for all available interfaces e The name of the interface and its IP addresses If no address could be resolved from the system none will be shown e The link layer header type P Note loopback interfaces are not available on Windows platforms The information whether promicuous mode is enabled or disabled e The maximum amount of data that will be captured for each packet The default value is set to the 65535 bytes e The size of the kernel buffer that is reserved to keep the captured packets e The information whether packets will be captured in monitor mode Unix Linux only e The chosen capture filter By marking the checkboxes in the first column the interfaces are selected to be captured from By double clicking on an interface the Edit Interface Settings dialog box as shown in Figure 4 4 The Edit Interface Settings dialog box will be opened Capture on all interfaces Capture all packets in promiscuous mode Capture Filter Compile selected BPFs Manage Interfaces As Wireshark can capture on multiple inte
58. after the bytes is ignored e g the character dump Any hex numbers in this text are also ignored An offset of zero is indicative of starting a new packet so a single text file with a series of hexdumps can be converted into a packet capture with multiple packets Packets may be preceded by a timestamp These are interpreted according to the format given If not the first packet is timestamped with the current time the import takes place Multiple packets are read in with timestamps differing by one microsecond each In general short of these restrictions Wireshark is pretty liberal about reading in hexdumps and has been tested with a variety of mangled outputs including being forwarded through email multiple times with limited line wrap etc There are a couple of other special features to note Any line where the first non whitespace character is will be ignored as a comment Any line beginning with TEXT2PCAP is a directive and options can be inserted after this command to be processed by Wireshark Currently there are no directives implemented in the future these may be used to give more fine grained control on the dump and the way it should be processed e g timestamps encapsulation type etc Wireshark also allows the user to read in dumps of application level data by inserting dummy L2 L3 and L4 headers before each packet The user can elect to insert Ethernet headers Ethernet and IP or Ethernet IP and UDP TCP SCTP headers before e
59. any value read from a preference recent file The argument to the flag is a string of the form prefname value where prefname is the name of the preference which is the same name that would appear in the preference recent file and value is the value to which it should be set Multiple instances of o lt preference settings gt can be given on a single command line An example of setting a single preference would be wireshark o mgcp display_dissect_tree TRUE An example of setting multiple preferences would be wireshark o mgcp display_dissect_tree TRUE o mgcp udp callagent_port 2627 Tip k You can get a list of all available preference strings from the preferences file see Appendix A Files and Folders User access tables can be overridden using uat followed by the UAT file name and a valid record for the file wireshark o uat user_dlts User 0 DLT 147 http VON VN OVA The example above would dissect packets with a libpcap data link type 147 as HTTP just as if you had configured it in the DLT_USER protocol preferences Don t put the interface into promiscuous mode Note that the interface might be in promiscuous mode for some other reason hence p cannot be used to ensure that the only traffic that is captured is traffic sent to or from the machine on which Wireshark is running broadcast traffic and multicast traffic to addresses received by that machine 143 Customizing Wireshark P lt path s
60. application returned an unusual error code like a connection problem Error red serious problem e g Malformed Packet 7 3 1 2 Group There are some common groups of expert infos The following are currently implemented Checksum a checksum was invalid Sequence protocol sequence suspicious e g sequence wasn t continuous or a retransmission was detected or Response Code problem with application response code e g HTTP 404 page not found Request Code an application request e g File Handle x usually Chat level Undecoded dissector incomplete or data can t be decoded for other reasons Reassemble problems while reassembling e g not all fragments were available or an exception happened while reassembling Protocol violation of protocol specs e g invalid field values or illegal lengths dissection of this packet is probably continued Malformed malformed packet or dissector has a bug dissection of this packet aborted Debug debugging should not occur in release versions It s possible that more such group values will be added in the future 7 3 1 3 Protocol The protocol in which the expert info was caused 114 Advanced Topics 7 3 1 4 Summary Each expert info will also have a short additional text with some further explanation 7 3 2 Expert Info dialog From the main menu you can open the expert info dialog using Analyze Expert Info XXX add explanation of the dialogs con
61. configuration folder and are used to maintain information between runs of Wireshark while some of them are maintained in system areas Tip J A list of the folders Wireshark actually uses can be found under the Folders tab in the dialog box shown when you select About Wireshark from the Help menu The content format of the configuration files is the same on all platforms However to match the different policies for Unix and Windows platforms different folders are used for these files Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview File Folder Description Unix Linux Windows folders folders preferences Settings from the etc WIRESHARK wireshark conf Preferences dialog wireshark conf APPDATA Wireshark preferences box HOME wireshark preferences recent Recent GUI HOME wireshark o APPDATA Wireshark recent settings e g recent recent files lists cfilters Capture filters HOME wireshark oWIRESHARK cfilters APPDATA cfilters Wireshark cfilters dfilters Display filters HOME wireshark4oWIRESHARK dfilters APPDATA dfilters Wireshark dfilters colorfilters Coloring rules HOME wireshark4oWIRESHARK colorfilters colorfilters APPDATA Wireshark colorfilters disabled_protos Disabled HOME wireshark4oWIRESHARK disabled_protos protocols disabled_protos APPDATA Wireshark disabled_protos ethers Ethernet name etc ethers J WIRESHARK ethers ZAPPDATA resolution
62. dialog box The Open Capture File dialog box allows you to search for a capture file containing previously captured packets for display in Wireshark Table 5 1 The system specific Open Capture File dialog box shows some examples of the Wireshark Open File Dialog box P The dialog appearance depends on your system e The appearance of this dialog depends on the system and or GTK toolkit version used However the functionality remains basically the same on any particular system Common dialog behaviour on all systems e Select files and directories e Click the Open Ok button to accept your selected file and open it e Click the Cancel button to go back to Wireshark and not load a capture file 70 File Input Output and Printing Wireshark extensions to the standard behaviour of these dialogs e View file preview information like the filesize the number of packets if you ve selected a capture file e Specify a display filter with the Filter button and filter field This filter will be used when opening the new file The text field background becomes green for a valid filter string and red for an invalid one Clicking on the Filter button causes Wireshark to pop up the Filters dialog box which is discussed further in Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing XXX we need a better description of these read filters e Specify which type of name resolution is to be performed for all packet
63. ether nettl Ethernet with nettl headers fc2 Fibre Channel FC 2 fc2sof Fibre Channel FC 2 With Frame Delimiter 221 Related command line tools fddi FDDI fddi nettl FDDI with nettl headers fddi swapped FDDI with bit swapped MAC addresses flexray FlexRay frelay Frame Relay frelay with direction Frame Relay with Directional Info gcom serial GCOM Serial gcom tiel GCOM TIE1l gprs llc GPRS LLC gsm_um GSM Um Interface hhdlc HiPath HDLC r2 126 ieee 802 11 IEEE 802 11 Wireless LAN ieee 802 11 airopeek IEEE 802 11 plus AiroPeek radio header ieee 802 11l avs IEEE 802 11 plus AVS radio header ieee 802 11 netmon IEEE 802 11 plus Network Monitor radio header ieee 802 11 prism IEEE 802 11 plus Prism II monitor mode radio header ieee 802 11 radio IEEE 802 11 Wireless LAN with radio information ieee 802 11 radiotap IEEE 802 11 plus radiotap radio header ieee 802 16 mac cps IEEE 802 16 MAC Common Part Sublayer ios Cisco IOS internal ip over fc RFC 2625 IP over Fibre Channel ip over ib IP over Infiniband ipfix IPFIX ipmb Intelligent Platform Management Bus ipnet Solaris IPNET irda IrDA isdn ISDN ixveriwave IxVeriWave header and stats block jfif JPEG JFIF juniper atml Juniper ATM1 juniper atm2 Juniper ATM2 juniper chdlc Juniper C HDLC juniper ether Juniper Ethernet juniper frelay Juniper Frame Relay juniper ggsn Juniper GGSN juniper mlfr
64. features Wireshark provides e Available for UNIX and Windows e Capture live packet data from a network interface Display packets with very detailed protocol information e Open and Save packet data captured e Import and Export packet data from and to a lot of other capture programs e Filter packets on many criteria e Search for packets on many criteria Colorize packet display based on filters e Create various statistics e and a lot more However to really appreciate its power you have to start using it Figure 1 1 Wireshark captures packets and allows you to examine their content shows Wireshark having captured some packets and waiting for you to examine them Introduction 1 1 3 1 1 4 1 1 5 1 1 6 1 1 7 Figure 1 1 Wireshark captures packets and allows you to examine their content wW test cap oog File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help Bwaee SaxSS eooF 2 BE Raan aan E Filter v Expression Clear Api No Time Source Destination Protocol Length Info 1 0 000000 192 168 0 2 Broadcast ARP 42 Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 2 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 54 v3 Membership Report Join group 11 1 226156 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 1 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 v iil gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd
65. from the begining of the TvbRange Defaults to 0 length optional The length in octets of the range Defaults to until the end of the TvbRange 11 12 4 25 2 Returns The TvbRange 11 12 4 26 tvbrange len Obtain the length of a TvbRange 198 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 12 4 27 tvbrange offset Obtain the offset in a TvbRange 11 12 4 28 tvbrange __ tostring Converts the TvbRange into a string As the string gets truncated you should use this only for debugging purposes or if what you want is to have a truncated string in the format 67 89 AB 11 12 5 Ulnt UInt64 represents a 64 bit unsigned integer 11 13 Utility Functions 11 13 1 Dir A Directory 11 13 1 1 Dir open pathname extension Usage for filename in Dir open path do end 11 13 1 1 1 Arguments pathname The pathname of the directory extension optional If given only file with this extension will be returned 11 13 1 1 2 Returns the Dir object 11 13 1 2 dir _call At every invocation will return one file nil when done 11 13 1 3 dir close Closes the directory 11 13 2 Non Method Functions 11 13 2 1 get_version Get Wireshark version 11 13 2 1 1 Returns version string 11 13 2 2 format_date timestamp Formats an absolute timestamp into a human readable date 199 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 13 2 2 1 Arguments timestamp A timestamp value to convert 11 13 2 2 2 Returns A string with t
66. issues for you Use the following command to install downloaded Wireshark deb s under Debian dpkg i wireshark common_1 9 0 1_i386 deb wireshark_1 9 0 1_i386 deb dpkg doesn t take care of all dependencies but reports what s missing P Note a By installing Wireshark packages non root users won t gain rights automatically to capture packets To allow non root users to capture packets follow the procedure described in usr share doc wireshark common README Debian 2 5 3 Installing from portage under Gentoo Linux Use the following command to install Wireshark under Gentoo Linux with all of the extra features USE adns gtk ipv6 portaudio snmp ssl kerberos threads selinux emerge wireshark 2 5 4 Installing from packages under FreeBSD Use the following command to install Wireshark under FreeBSD pkg_add r wireshark pkg_add should take care of all of the dependency issues for you 2 6 Troubleshooting during the install on Unix A number of errors can occur during the installation process Some hints on solving these are provided here If the configure stage fails you will need to find out why You can check the file config log in the source directory to find out what failed The last few lines of this file should help in determining the problem The standard problems are that you do not have GTK on your system or you do not have a recent enough version of GTK The configure will also fail if you do not have libpca
67. of files in a file set Files It pops up the Wireshark List File Set dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 6 File Sets File Set gt Next If the currently loaded file is part of a file set jump to the next File file in the set If it isn t part of a file set or just the last file in that set this item is greyed out File Set gt If the currently loaded file is part of a file set jump to the Previous File previous file in the set If it isn t part of a file set or just the first file in that set this item is greyed out Export gt File This menu item allows you to export all or some of the packets in the capture file to file It pops up the Wireshark Export dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 7 Exporting data Export gt Ctrl H This menu item allows you to export the currently selected Selected Packet bytes in the packet bytes pane to a binary file It pops up Bytes the Wireshark Export dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 7 7 The Export selected packet bytes dialog box Export gt This menu item allows you to export all or some of the captured Objects gt HTTP objects into local files It pops up the Wireshark HTTP HTTP object list which is discussed further in Section 5 7 8 The Export Objects dialog box Export gt This menu item allows you to export all or some of the captured Objects gt DICOM objects into local files It pops up the Wir
68. on the network card driver Help 4 11 Capture files and file modes While capturing the underlying libpcap capturing engine will grab the packets from the network card and keep the packet data in a relatively small kernel buffer This data is read by Wireshark and saved into the capture file s the user specified Different modes of operation are available when saving this packet data to the capture file s Tip a Working with large files several 100 MB s can be quite slow If you plan to do a long term capture or capturing from a high traffic network think about using one of the Multiple files options This will spread the captured packets over several smaller files which can be much more pleasant to work with ra Note Using Multiple files may cut context related information Wireshark keeps context information of the loaded packet data so it can report context related problems like a 64 Capturing Live Network Data stream error and keeps information about context related protocols e g where data is exchanged at the establishing phase and only referred to in later packets As it keeps this information only for the loaded file using one of the multiple file modes may cut these contexts If the establishing phase is saved in one file and the things you would like to see is in another you might not see some of the valuable context related information Tip J Information about the folders used for the captur
69. org 2 8 1 4 Command line options You can simply start the Wireshark installer without any command line parameters it will show you the usual interactive installer For special cases there are some command line parameters available e NCRC disables the CRC check e Sruns the installer or uninstaller silently with default values Please note The silent installer won t install WinPCap e desktopicon installation of the desktop icon yes force installation no don t install otherwise use defaults user settings This option can be useful for a silent installer e quicklaunchicon installation of the quick launch icon yes force installation no don t install otherwise use defaults user settings Building and Installing Wireshark 2 8 2 2 8 3 2 8 4 2 8 5 e D sets the default installation directory INSTDIR overriding InstallDir and InstallDirRegKey It must be the last parameter used in the command line and must not contain any quotes even if the path contains spaces Example wireshark win32 1 9 0 exe NCRC S desktopicon yes quicklaunchicon no D C Program Files Foo Manual WinPcap Installation P Note S As mentioned above the Wireshark installer takes care of the installation of WinPcap so usually you don t have to worry about WinPcap at all The following is only necessary if you want to try a different version than the one included in the Wireshark installer e g because a n
70. packet selected in the packet list pane in more detail 6 The packet bytes pane see Section 3 20 The Packet Bytes pane displays the data from the packet selected in the packet list pane and highlights the field selected in the packet details pane 7 The statusbar see Section 3 21 The Statusbar shows some detailed information about the current program state and the captured data Tip T The layout of the main window can be customized by changing preference settings See Section 10 5 Preferences for details 3 3 1 Main Window Navigation Packet list and detail navigation can be done entirely from the keyboard Table 3 1 Keyboard Navigation shows a list of keystrokes that will let you quickly move around a capture file See Table 3 5 Go menu items for additional navigation keystrokes User Interface Table 3 1 Keyboard Navigation Accelerator Description Tab Shift Tab Move between screen elements e g from the toolbars to the packet list to the packet detail Down Move to the next packet or detail item Up Move to the previous packet or detail item Ctrl Down F8 Move to the next packet even if the packet list isn t focused Ctrl Up F7 Move to the previous packet even if the packet list isn t focused Ctrl Move to the next packet of the conversation TCP UDP or IP Ctrl Move to the previous packet of the con
71. some advanced things on top of your code which can be useful for yourself too The maintainers and developers of Wireshark will maintain your code as well fixing it when API changes or other changes are made and generally keeping it in tune with what is happening with Wireshark So if Wireshark is updated which is done often you can get a new Wireshark version from the website and your changes will already be included without any effort for you The Wireshark source code and binary kits for some platforms are all available on the download page of the Wireshark website http www wireshark org download html 1 6 Reporting problems and getting help 1 6 1 1 6 2 1 6 3 1 6 4 If you have problems or need help with Wireshark there are several places that may be of interest to you well besides this guide of course Website You will find lots of useful information on the Wireshark homepage at http www wireshark org Wiki The Wireshark Wiki at http wiki wireshark org provides a wide range of information related to Wireshark and packet capturing in general You will find a lot of information not part of this user s guide For example there is an explanation how to capture on a switched network an ongoing effort to build a protocol reference and a lot more And best of all if you would like to contribute your knowledge on a specific topic maybe a network protocol you know well you can edit the wiki page
72. table mostly for debugging 11 10 Functions for writing dissectors 11 10 1 Dissector A trefererence to a dissector used to call a dissector against a packet or a part of it 11 10 1 1 Dissector get name Obtains a dissector reference by name 11 10 1 1 1 Arguments name The name of the dissector 11 10 1 1 2 Returns The Dissector reference 11 10 1 2 dissector call tvb pinfo tree Calls a dissector against a given packet or part of it 11 10 1 2 1 Arguments tvb The buffer to dissect pinfo The packet info tree The tree on which to add the protocol items 11 10 2 DissectorTable A table of subdissectors of a particular protocol e g TCP subdissectors like http smtp sip are added to table tcp port Useful to add more dissectors to a table so that they appear in the Decode As dialog 11 10 2 1 DissectorTable new tablename uiname type base Creates a new DissectorTable for your dissector s use 11 10 2 1 1 Arguments tablename The short name of the table 177 Lua Support in Wireshark uiname optional The name of the table in the User Interface defaults to the name given type optional Either ftypes UINT 8 16 24 32 or ftypesSTRING defaults to ftypes UINT32 base optional Either base NONE base DEC base HEX base OCT base DEC_HEX or base HEX_DEC defaults to base DEC 11 10 2 1 2 Returns The newly created DissectorTable 11 10 2 2 DissectorTable get tablename Obtain a reference t
73. than 6 2 the required RPMs have most likely changed Simply use the correct RPMs from your distribution Under Debian you can install Wireshark using aptitude aptitude will handle any dependency issues for you Example 2 4 Installing debs under Debian Ubuntu and other Debian derivatives shows how to do this Example 2 4 Installing debs under Debian Ubuntu and other Debian derivatives aptitude install wireshark dev 2 4 Building Wireshark from source under UNIX Use the following general steps if you are building Wireshark from source under a UNIX operating system 1 Unpack the source from its gzip d tar file If you are using Linux or your version of UNIX uses GNU tar you can use the following command Building and Installing Wireshark tar zxvf wireshark 1 9 tar gz For other versions of UNIX you will want to use the following commands gzip d wireshark 1 9 tar gz tar xvf wireshark 1 9 tar P Note The pipeline gzip dc wireshark 1 9 tar gz tar xvf will work here as well Fal Note If you have downloaded the Wireshark tarball under Windows you may find that your browser has created a file with underscores rather than periods in its file name 2 Change directory to the Wireshark source directory 3 Configure your source so it will build correctly for your version of UNIX You can do this with the following command configure If this step fails you will have to rectify the problems an
74. that the protocol dissector can t dissect the contents of the packet any further There can be various reasons e Wrong dissector Wireshark erroneously has chosen the wrong protocol dissector for this packet This will happen e g if you are using a protocol not on its well known TCP or UDP port You may try AnalyzelDecode As to circumvent this problem e Packet not reassembled The packet is longer than a single frame and it is not reassembled see Section 7 6 Packet Reassembling for further details e Packet is malformed The packet is actually wrong malformed meaning that a part of the packet is just not as expected not following the protocol specifications e Dissector is buggy The corresponding protocol dissector is simply buggy or still incomplete Any of the above is possible You ll have to look into the specific situation to determine the reason You could disable the dissector by disabling the protocol on the Analyze menu and check how Wireshark displays the packet then You could if it s TCP enable reassembly for TCP and the specific dissector if possible in the EditlPreferences menu You could check the packet contents yourself by reading the packet bytes and comparing it to the protocol specification This could reveal a dissector bug Or you could find out that the packet is indeed wrong C 1 2 Packet size limited during capture The packet size was limited during capture see Limit each packet to n bytes
75. the Capture Options dialog box discussed further in Section 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box and allows you to start capturing packets Start Ctrl E Immediately start capturing packets with the same settings than the last time Stop Ctrl E This menu item stops the currently running capture see Section 4 14 1 Stop the running capture Restart Ctrl R This menu item stops the currently running capture and starts again with the same options this is just for convenience Capture This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to create Filters and edit capture filters You can name filters and you can save 31 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters 3 10 The Analyze menu The Wireshark Analyze menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 7 Analyze menu items Figure 3 8 The Analyze Menu W test cap cog Eile Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help St Ot Ot at E amp Display Fiters Be aaa na m m kl B Display Filter Macros E Filter i Expression Clear Appl Apply as Column No Time Source Apply as Filter Selected 0 000000 192 Prepare a Filter Not Selected and Selected Enabled Protocols Shift Ctrl E or Selected 2 i 4 1 025659 23 Decode As
76. the specific graph 1 5 only graph 1 is enabled by default e Color the color of the graph cannot be changed e Filter a display filter for this graph only the packets that pass this filter will be taken into account for this graph e Style the style of the graph Line Impulse FBar Dot e X Axis Tick interval an interval in x direction lasts 10 1 minutes or 10 1 0 1 0 01 0 001 seconds e Pixels per tick use 10 5 2 1 pixels per tick interval e View as time of day option to view x direction labels as time of day instead of seconds or minutes since beginning of capture e Y Axis e Unit the unit for the y direction Packets Tick Bytes Tick Bits Tick Advanced XXX describe the Advanced feature e Scale the scale for the y unit Logarithmic Auto 10 20 50 100 200 500 131 Statistics The save button will save the currently displayed portion of the graph as one of various file formats The copy button will copy values from selected graphs to the clipboard in CSV Comma Separated Values format Tip a Click in the graph to select the first package in the selected interval 8 7 Service Response Time 8 7 1 The service response time is the time between a request and the corresponding response This information is available for many protocols Service response time statistics are currently available for the following protocols e DCE RPC e Fibre Channel H 225 RAS e LDAP e LTE MAC e MGC
77. there are some additional tabs shown at the bottom of the pane to let you select the page you want to see Figure 3 19 The Packet Bytes pane with tabs 08 00 06 ab 04 53 08 00 O06 6b 7f bd 08 OO 45 00 01 48 33 c7 00 00 1e 11 dd 51 be ag 08 Oa bc as 0020 09 32 41 af 07 04 01 34 OO b4 04 OO 2e OO 10 OO 00 00 00 OO a0 de 97 Gc di 11 82 71 00 57 80 fO The additional pages might contain data picked from multiple packets 44 User Interface The context menu right mouse click of the tab labels will show a list of all available pages This can be helpful if the size in the pane is too small for all the tab labels 3 21 The Statusbar The statusbar displays informational messages In general the left side will show context related information the middle part will show the current number of packets and the right side will show the selected configuration profile Drag the handles between the text areas to change the size Figure 3 20 The initial Statusbar O Ready to load or capture No Packets Profile Default This statusbar is shown while no capture file is loaded e g when Wireshark is started Figure 3 21 The Statusbar with a loaded capture file File home stig http pcap 1673 KB 00 00 32 Packets 2239 Displayed 2239 Marked 0 Profile Default e The colorized bullet on the left shows the highest expert info level found in the currently loaded capture file Hovering the mouse over this icon
78. they could even be mouse clicks or menu items whatever suits your program You should also get your employer if you work as a programmer or your school if any to sign a copyright disclaimer for the program if necessary Here is a sample alter the names Yoyodyne Inc hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program Gnomovision which makes passes at compilers written by James Hacker lt signature of Ty Coon gt 1 April 1989 Ty Coon President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs If your program is a subroutine library you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library If this is what you want to do use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License 234
79. timestamp pseudoheader bytearray Dumps an arbitrary packet Note Dumper dump_current will fit best in most cases 161 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 5 1 4 1 Arguments timestamp The absolute timestamp the packet will have pseudoheader The Pseudoheader to use bytearray the data to be saved 11 5 1 5 dumper new_for_current filetype Creates a capture file using the same encapsulation as the one of the cuurrent packet 11 5 1 5 1 Arguments filetype optional The file type Defaults to peap 11 5 1 5 2 Returns The newly created Dumper Object 11 5 1 5 3 Errors e Cannot be used outside a tap or a dissector 11 5 1 6 dumper dump_current Dumps the current packet as it is 11 5 1 6 1 Errors e Cannot be used outside a tap or a dissector 11 5 2 PseudoHeader A pseudoheader to be used to save captured frames 11 5 2 1 PseudoHeader none Creates a no pseudoheader 11 5 2 1 1 Returns A null pseudoheader 11 5 2 2 PseudoHeader eth fcslen Creates an ethernet pseudoheader 11 5 2 2 1 Arguments feslen optional The fcs length 11 5 2 2 2 Returns The ethernet pseudoheader 11 5 2 3 PseudoHeader atm aal vpi vci channel cells faal5u2u aal5len Creates an ATM pseudoheader 162 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 5 2 3 1 Arguments aal optional AAL number vpi optional VPI vci optional VCI channel optional Channel cells optional Number of cells in the PDU aal5u2u optional
80. use these separate windows are still available The main reason is that they might process faster for very large capture files However as the functionality is exactly the same as in the combined window they won t be discussed in detail here 8 5 Endpoints Statistics of the endpoints captured Tip T If you are looking for a feature other network tools calla hostlist here is the right place to look The list of Ethernet or IP endpoints is usually what you re looking for 8 5 1 What is an Endpoint A network endpoint is the logical endpoint of separate protocol traffic of a specific protocol layer The endpoint statistics of Wireshark will take the following endpoints into account e Ethernet an Ethernet endpoint is identical to the Ethernet s MAC address e Fibre Channel XXX insert info here e FDDI a FDDI endpoint is identical to the FDDI MAC address e Pv4 an IP endpoint is identical to its IP address IPX an IPX endpoint is concatenation of a 32 bit network number and 48 bit node address be default the Ethernets MAC address e JXTA a JXTA endpoint is a 160 bit SHA 1 URN e NCP XXX insert info here e RSVP XXX insert info here e SCTP a SCTP endpoint is a combination of the host IP addresses plural and the SCTP port used So different SCTP ports on the same IP address are different SCTP endpoints but the same SCTP port on different IP addresses of the same host are still the same endpoint e TCP
81. value 11 12 4 8 tvbrange int64 Get a Big Endian network order signed 64 bit integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 8 octets long 11 12 4 9 tvbrange le_int64 Get a Little Endian signed 64 bit integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 8 octets long 11 12 4 10 tvbrange float Get a Big Endian network order floating point number from a TvbRange The range must be 4 or 8 octets long 11 12 4 10 1 Returns The floating point value 11 12 4 11 tvbrange le_float Get a Little Endian floating point number from a TvbRange The range must be 4 or 8 octets long 11 12 4 11 1 Returns The floating point value 11 12 4 12 tvbrange ipv4 Get an IPv4 Address from a TvbRange 11 12 4 12 1 Returns The IPv4 Address 11 12 4 13 tvbrange le_ipv4 Get an Little Endian IPv4 Address from a TvbRange 11 12 4 13 1 Returns The IPv4 Address 11 12 4 14 tvbrange ether Get an Ethernet Address from a TvbRange 196 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 12 4 14 1 Returns The Ethernet Address 11 12 4 14 2 Errors e The range must be 6 bytes long 11 12 4 15 tvbrange nstime Obtain a nstime from a TvbRange 11 12 4 15 1 Returns The NSTime 11 12 4 15 2 Errors e The range must be 4 or 8 bytes long 11 12 4 16 tvbrange le_nstime Obtain a nstime from a TvbRange 11 12 4 16 1 Returns The NSTime 11 12 4 16 2 Errors The range must be 4 or 8 bytes long 11 12 4 17 tvbrange string Obtain a string from a TvbRange
82. was the first deemed complete with the minimum features implemented Its release coincided with the first Wireshark Developer and User Conference called SharkFest 1 5 Development and maintenance of Wireshark Wireshark was initially developed by Gerald Combs Ongoing development and maintenance of Wireshark is handled by the Wireshark team a loose group of individuals who fix bugs and provide new functionality There have also been a large number of people who have contributed protocol dissectors to Wireshark and it is expected that this will continue You can find a list of the people who have contributed code to Wireshark by checking the about dialog box of Wireshark or at the authors page on the Wireshark web site Introduction Wireshark is an open source software project and is released under the GNU General Public License GPL All source code is freely available under the GPL You are welcome to modify Wireshark to suit your own needs and it would be appreciated if you contribute your improvements back to the Wireshark team You gain three benefits by contributing your improvements back to the community e Other people who find your contributions useful will appreciate them and you will know that you have helped people in the same way that the developers of Wireshark have helped people e The developers of Wireshark might improve your changes even more as there s always room for improvement Or they may implement
83. your needs even better In this chapter we explore e How to start Wireshark with command line parameters e How to colorize the packet list e How to control protocol dissection e How to use the various preference settings Start Wireshark from the command line You can start Wireshark from the command line but it can also be started from most Window managers as well In this section we will look at starting it from the command line Wireshark supports a large number of command line parameters To see what they are simply enter the command wireshark h and the help information shown in Example 10 1 Help information available from Wireshark or something similar should be printed 139 Customizing Wireshark Example 10 1 Help information available from Wireshark Wireshark 1 9 0 SVN Rev 47047 from trunk Interactively dump and analyze network traffic See http www wireshark org for more information Copyright 1998 2013 Gerald Combs lt gerald wireshark org gt and contributors This is free software warranty Usage wireshark Capture interface i lt interface gt f lt capture filter gt s lt snaplen gt pP k S lt B lt buffer size gt y lt link type gt D L Capture stop conditions c lt packet count gt a lt autostop cond gt Capture output b lt ringbuffer opt gt Input file r lt infile gt Processing R lt read filter gt N lt nam
84. 0 2 Start Wireshark from the command line for details P Note In the following chapters a lot of screenshots from Wireshark will be shown As Wireshark runs on many different platforms with many different window managers different styles applied and there are different versions of the underlying GUI toolkit used your screen might look different from the provided screenshots But as there are no real differences in functionality these screenshots should still be well understandable 3 3 The Main window Let s look at Wireshark s user interface Figure 3 1 The Main window shows Wireshark as you would usually see it after some packets are captured or loaded how to do this will be described later User Interface Figure 3 1 The Main window a test cap sea f X File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help SMASH BAXA S sF 2l BE aaan a a m lB Filter v Expression Clear Appl No Time Source Destination Protocol Length Info 1 0 000000 192 168 0 2 Broadcast ARP 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP 54 v3 Membership Report Join group LE 226L5 6 19271687072 192 168 0 1 TCP 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 Iv ls I E i gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 COO 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Proto
85. 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq 0 Len O 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 0 5d 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 61 2c cO a8 00 02 cO a8 00 01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 OO OO OO OO 70 02 fa fO 27 eO 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 File D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 P 120 D 103 M 0 Expert Error As you might have noticed only packets of the TCP protocol are displayed now e g packets 1 10 are hidden The packet numbering will remain as before so the first packet shown is now packet number 11 P Note When using a display filter all packets remain in the capture file The display filter only changes the display of the capture file but not its content You can filter on any protocol that Wireshark understands You can also filter on any field that a dissector adds to the tree view but only if the dissector has added an abbreviation for the field A list of such fields is available in Wireshark in the Add Expression dialog box You can find more information on the Add Expression dialog box in Section 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog box For example to narrow the packet list pane down to only those packets to or from the IP address 192 168 0 1 use ip addr 192 168 0 1 P Note am To remove the filter click on the Clear button to the right of the filter field 6 4 Building display filter expressions Wires
86. 011 test 00013 _20 00005_20050819181507 pcap test _00012_ cap test _00019_20 00006_20050819181507 peap test 00013 20080819181508 pcap testi _00014_2 File name test1_00007_2005061S1 61 508 pap Files of type All Files Cawl test1_00007_20050819181508 posp Wireshatk tcpdumpy ibpeap Prepend packets bo erecting file 1074 bytes O Merge packets chiondiogcaly Packets O Append packets to esting file Fist Packet 2005 06 19 181503 Elapsed 00000 Figure 5 8 Merge new GTK Unix Linux GTK version gt 2 4 rsion fant oe This is the common Gimp GNOME file open 2 Ethereal Merge with Capture File E dialog plus some Wireshark extensions Bene B osho as f Go OG B Dee J Foma itpcap tepchanp Exhereal etc O Frepand packets to eosting fie S 15317 bytes Packets 130 Fre Packet 2004 06 22 3202 40 tlapsed tme 00 0202 Marge packets chronakopeaty O Append packets to misting file Figure 5 9 Merge old GTK version Unix Linux GTK version lt 2 4 This is the file open dialog of former Gimp GNOME versions plus some Wireshark extensions Mepriodad lie hee Wihakiphnpi po n Ei fae a Piotr ah 1 eat th Paes A Menge pactats cheonangeaty Sc pas eg Se FonPuset apd ie 5 5 Import text file Wireshark can read in an ASCII hex dump and write the data described into a temporary libpcap capture file It can read hex dump
87. 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 amp Source port ncu 2 3196 E Destination port http 80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number Header length 28 bytes E window size value 64240 000A 0A 09 5b 2d 75 9a OO Ob Sd 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 se Lho aesae 0010 Q00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO ag OO 02 cO ag 0 H a ee 0020 QQ 01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 raa PCO seassa p 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 O1 O1 04 02 EE GGS e File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 000 Profile Default Live capture from many different network media Wireshark can capture traffic from many different network media types and despite its name including wireless LAN as well Which media types are supported depends on many things like the operating system you are using An overview of the supported media types can be found at http wiki wireshark org CaptureSetup NetworkMedia Import files from many other capture programs Wireshark can open packets captured from a large number of other capture programs For a list of input formats see Section 5 2 2 Input File Formats Export files for many other capture programs Wireshark can save packets captured in a large number of formats of other capture programs For a list of outpu
88. 10 B Protocols and Protocol Fields 20 02 00 sieniin e i ida E 211 Ce Wireshark Messages io caiscySavges ctvsmesags addy ORE NE EERS EAE esas 212 Cal Packet List Message Sosnar area a vain de E TE E A 212 CTi Malforined Packet psen A Savane eaten E EE a NEEE E 212 C 1 2 Packet size limited during capture 0 eee cee cent ce eeeeeeeeeeene es 212 C22 Packet Details Messages neien seeps suntscshscesesbsense sen stergesh E EA E E SETETE 212 C 2 1 Response in frame 123 scence eroian tes cued becueceebussecobebenstgesvoseces 212 Cr2 2 Request in frame 1 23 sachs cet nceesbesaeeventher tye cdaeteleteanatherenctotecthan Macetes 212 C 2 3 Time from request 0 123 seconds ceeeceeeeeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 213 C 2 4 Stream setup by PROTOCOL frame 123 cece eee cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 213 D Related command line tools 2 2 0 0 ce ceeeeeceec cece eeceeeeeceeceeceeceeeeceececeeeereeeneresenereeenenes 214 D I Introd etion semeren e eens dncdewataew ea eye es Gee Sados eset las IO Mee ero as wun her EE 214 D 2 tshark Terminal based Wireshark ccc ceec cece ee ce eece ence eeceeecaesea essa sean eeaes 214 D 3 tepdump Capturing with tcpdump for viewing with Wireshark 000 216 D 4 dumpcap Capturing with dumpcap for viewing with Wireshark eee 216 D 5 capinfos Print information about capture files cece eeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeceuneeeees
89. 10 3 1 1 Arguments label The Label text in the right side of the preference input for this preference default The default value for this preference descr A description of what this preference is 11 10 3 2 Pref uint label default descr Creates an unsigned integer preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 11 10 3 2 1 Arguments label The Label text in the right side of the preference input for this preference default The default value for this preference descr A description of what this preference is 11 10 3 3 Pref string label default descr Creates a string preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 11 10 3 3 1 Arguments label The Label text in the right side of the preference input for this preference default The default value for this preference descr A description of what this preference is 11 10 3 4 Pref enum label default descr enum radio Creates an enum preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 11 10 3 4 1 Arguments label The Label text in the right side of the preference input for this preference default The default value for this preference 179 Lua Support in Wireshark descr A description of what this preference is enum A enum table radio Radio button true or Combobox false 11 10 3 5 Pref range label default descr max Creates a range preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 11 10 3 5 1 Arguments label The Label text in the righ
90. 20 Ack 190 Win 3072Len 0 EBX Frame 36 on wire pt Ethernet II Sr te H H 2d 75 9a Dst 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 f amp Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Dst 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port http 80 Dst Port 3197 3197 Seq 20 Ack 190 Len O ECnunen nantes bttn SONS 8 00 45 00 01 8l dd 9b 50 11 6 2 Pop up menus You can bring up a pop up menu over either the Packet List its column header or Packet Details pane by clicking your right mouse button at the corresponding pane 6 2 1 Pop up menu of the Packet List column header Figure 6 3 Pop up menu of the Packet List column header Ky test cap Wireshark oog Eile Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Help Saw SAXSS Qe DTL aaan ama m l l Filter v Expression Clear Apply No Time Source Destination l e 1 0 000000 Fujitsu_20 cd 02 Broadcaj Sort Ascending m ARP for 192 168 0 2 C S Sort Descending No Sorting 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 nembership Report Join grou Align Left default Align Center Align Right 36 Column Preferences E Resize Column A Rename Column Title ui Displayed Columns gt gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 Hide Column s Ethernet II Src Fujitsu_20 cd 02 00 0b Remove Column ear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 o miaa 2 he F 192 168 0 1 Source port ncu 2 3196 Destinati
91. 25 gt 5000 Jui Frame 36 60 bytes on wire 60 bytes captured Ethernet II Src Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Dst 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Dst 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port http 80 Dst Port 3197 3197 Seq 20 Ack 190 Len O Source port http 80 Destination port 3197 3197 Sequence number 20 relative sequence number Acknowledgement number 190 Crelative ack number Header length 20 bytes 00 Ob 5d 20 cd 02 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 08 00 45 OO 00 28 00 84 00 00 40 06 f8 f8 cO a8 00 O1 cO a8 00 02 00 50 Oc 7d 00 OO 68 14 JEGENI 50 11 Oc 00 93 ca 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ficknowledgement number tcp ack 4 bytes JP 120 D 120 M 0 You can also select and view packets the same way while Wireshark is capturing if you selected Update list of packets in real time in the Wireshark Capture Preferences dialog box In addition you can view individual packets in a separate window as shown in Figure 6 2 Viewing a packet in a separate window Do this by selecting the packet in which you are interested in the packet list pane and then select Show Packet in New Windows from the Display menu This allows you to easily compare two or even more packets 94 Working with captured packets Figure 6 2 Viewing a packet in a separate window 36 1 274987 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 2 TCP http gt 3197 FIN ACK Seq
92. 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP V3 Membership Report i m Frame 1 42 by Arrival Time Time delta from previous packet 0 000000000 seconds Time since reference or first frame 0 000000000 seconds Frame Number 1 Packet Length 42 bytes Capture Length 42 bytes Frame is marked False Protocols in frame eth arp Coloring Rule Name arp Coloring Rule String arp 2 Ethernet TT Cees 142 IARA D MAAAR N rA Nats Renadeaat 6 64 66 FF FF FF f ff ff ff ff FF 00 Ob Sd 20 cd O2 08 06 OO O1 D8 00 06 04 00 01 00 Ob 5d 20 cd O2 cO a8 00 O02 DO 00 00 00 00 00 cO a8 00 02 Frame frame 42 bytes JP 120 D 120 M 0 10 4 Control Protocol dissection The user can control how protocols are dissected Each protocol has its own dissector so dissecting a complete packet will typically involve several dissectors As Wireshark tries to find the right dissector for each packet using static routes and heuristics guessing it might choose the wrong dissector in your specific case For example Wireshark won t know if you use a common protocol on an uncommon TCP port e g using HTTP on TCP port 800 instead of the standard port 80 There are two ways to control the relations between protocol dissectors disable a protocol dissector completely or temporarily divert the way Wireshark calls the dissectors 10 4 1 The Enabled Protocols dialog box The Enabled Protocols dialog box lets you enable or disable specific protocols a
93. 6 Telephony 9 4 LTE MAC Traffic Statistics Statistics of the captured LTE MAC traffic This window will summarize the LTE MAC traffic found in the capture Figure 9 2 The LTE MAC Traffic Statistics window Wireshark LTE MAC Traffic Statistics testDL2ws out Common Channel Data BCH Frames 0 BCH Bytes 0 PCH Frames 0 PCH Bytes 0 UL DL SCH data 20 UEs UL Frames UL Bytes UL CRC Errors UL ReTX Frames DL Frames DL Bytes DL CRC Errors DL ReTX Frames A 0 0 140 42140 6 139 41839 l Selected UE details CCCH LCID1 LCID2 LCID3 LCID4 LCID5 LCID6 LCID7 tcbs LCID9 LCID 10 Predefined UL SDUs 0 0 0 0 UL Bytes 0 0 0 0 DL SDUs 140 140 0 140 DL Bytes 1540 22400 O0 18200 uelp close The top pane shows statistics for common channels Each row in the middle pane shows statistical highlights for exactly one UE C RNTI In the lower pane you can see the for the currently selected UE C RNTI the traffic broken down by individual channel 9 5 LTE RLC Traffic Statistics Statistics of the captured LTE RLC traffic This window will summarize the LTE RLC traffic found in the capture Figure 9 3 The LTE RLC Traffic Statistics window Wireshark LTE RLC Traffic Statistics test04_multi_ue out 2 UES 22 frames 2 L Show RLC PDUs found inside logged MAC frames 2 UES UL Frames UL Bytes DL Frames DL Bytes Channels of selected UE Mode UL Frames UL Bytes UL ACKs
94. 9 5 18 pinfo src_port Source Port of this Packet 11 9 5 19 pinfo dst_port Source Address of this Packet 175 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 9 5 20 pinfo ipproto IP Protocol id 11 9 5 21 pinfo circuit_id For circuit based protocols 11 9 5 22 pinfo match Port Data we are matching 11 9 5 23 pinfo curr_proto Which Protocol are we dissecting 11 9 5 24 pinfo columns Accesss to the packet list columns 11 9 5 25 pinfo cols Accesss to the packet list columns equivalent to pinfo columns 11 9 5 26 pinfo desegment_len Estimated number of additional bytes required for completing the PDU 11 9 5 27 pinfo desegment_offset Offset in the tvbuff at which the dissector will continue processing when next called 11 9 5 28 pinfo private_data Access to private data 11 9 5 29 pinfo private Access to the private table entries 11 9 5 30 pinfo ethertype Ethernet Type Code if this is an Ethernet packet 11 9 5 31 pinfo fragmented If the protocol is only a fragment 11 9 5 32 pinfo in_error_pkt If we re inside an error packet 11 9 5 33 pinfo match_uint Matched uint for calling subdissector from table 176 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 9 5 34 pinfo match_string Matched string for calling subdissector from table 11 9 6 PrivateTable PrivateTable represents the pinfo gt private_table 11 9 6 1 privatetable __tostring 11 9 6 1 1 Returns A string with all keys in the
95. Ctrl G Hi Ctrl Up 2 Ctrl TCP 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 Iv gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 COO 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Source port ncu 2 3196 Destination port http C80 5 Sequence number 0 28 bytes 64240 75 9a 00 Ob 40 00 80 06 00 50 3c 36 oo 00 02 04 5d 20 cd 61 2c cO 95 f8 00 05 b4 0l Crelative sequence number nm ta 02 08 0045 00 u a8 00 02 cO a8 O H a oo QQ 00 70 02 vee P6 0l 04 02 ates Taa ajaja ari File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 000 Profile Default Table 3 5 Go menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Back Alt Left Jump to the recently visited packet in the packet history much like the page history in a web browser Forward Alt Right Jump to the next visited packet in the packet history much like the page history in a web browser Go to Packet Ctrl G Bring up a dialog box that allows you to specify a packet number and then goes to that packet See Section 6 9 Go to a specific packet for details Go to Go to the corresponding packet of the currently selected Correspondi
96. E0DE444 Device NPF_ E55BE96C F8EC 43E4 8225 99 1F 1592250 Whee TAI DTTO AINA Cod Aco OTT Sco sce waco Refresh Apply The tab Local Interfaces contains a list of available local interfaces including the hidden ones which are not shown in the other lists If a new local interface is added for example a wireless interface has been activated it is not automatically added to the list to prevent the constant scanning for a change in the list of available interfaces To renew the list a rescan can be done One way to hide an interface is to change the preferences If the Hide checkbox is activated and the Apply button clicked the interface will not be seen in the lists of the Capture Options or Capture Interfaces dialog box any more The changes are also saved in the Preferences file 60 Capturing Live Network Data 4 8 3 Add or hide remote interfaces Figure 4 9 The Add New Interfaces Remote Interfaces dialog box Tl Add new interfaces l Fipes Local Interfaces Remote Interfaces Remote Interfaces rpcap 10 0 1 207 airpcapoo rpcap 10 0 1 207 Device NPF_ 0E76EBE1 9CA3 4872 9C48 DODAC rpcap 10 0 1 207 Device PF_ 20D56791 752F 4AB5 8DDD 4A84e rpcap 10 0 1 207 Device NPF_ 9518C 1AB 9151 4CFC 8D45 A17E9 In this tab interfaces on remote hosts can be added One or more of these interfaces can be hidden In contrast to the local interfaces they are not saved in the
97. EC The bitmask to be used The description of the field The newly created ProtoField object 11 10 6 2 ProtoField uint8 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 2 1 Arguments abbr name optional base optional valuestring optional mask optional desc optional 11 10 6 2 2 Returns Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT A table containing the text that corresponds to the values Integer mask of this field Description of the field A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 3 ProtoField uint16 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 3 1 Arguments abbr name optional base optional valuestring optional Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT A table containing the text that corresponds to the values 182 Lua Support in Wireshark mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 3 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 4 ProtoField uint24 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 4 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the
98. Ethernet address to the corresponding IP address e g 00 09 5b 01 02 03 _ 192 168 0 1 Ethernet codes ethers file If the ARP name resolution failed Wireshark tries to convert the Ethernet address to a known device name which has been assigned by the user using an ethers file e g 00 09 5b 01 02 03 _ homerouter Ethernet manufacturer codes manuf file If neither ARP or ethers returns a result Wireshark tries to convert the first 3 bytes of an ethernet address to an abbreviated manufacturer name which has been assigned by the IEEE e g 00 09 5b 01 02 03 _ Netgear_01 02 03 IP name resolution network layer Try to resolve an IP address e g 216 239 37 99 to something more human readable DNS concurrent DNS name resolution system library service Wireshark will ask the operating system or the concurrent DNS library to convert an IP address to the hostname associated with it e g 216 239 37 99 _ www 1 google com The DNS service is using synchronous calls to the DNS server So Wireshark will stop responding until a response to a DNS request is returned If possible you might consider using the concurrent DNS library which won t wait for a name server response fi Warning Enabling network name resolution when your name server is unavailable may significantly slow down Wireshark while it waits for all of the name server requests to time out Use concurrent DNS in that case DNS vs concurrent DNS here s a short co
99. HOME wireshark o Wireshark ethers ethers manuf Ethernet name etc manuf WIRESHARK manuf APPDATA resolution HOME wireshark Wireshark manuf manuf hosts IPv4 and I Pv6 etc hosts WIRESHARK hosts 7 APPDATA name resolution HOME wiresharkXWireshark hosts hosts services Network services etc services WIRESHARK services HOMF wireshark APPDATA Wireshark services services subnets IPv4 subnet name etc subnets WIRESHARK subnets resolution HOMF wireshark APPDATA Wireshark subnets subnets 203 Files and Folders File Folder Description Unix Linux Windows folders folders ipxnets IPX name etc ipxnets WIRESHARK ipxnets 7 APPDATA resolution HOME wireshark o Wireshark ipxnets ipxnets plugins Plugin directories usr share J WIRESHARK plugins lt version gt wireshark APPDATA Wireshark plugins plugins usr local share wireshark plugins HOME wireshark plugins temp Temporary files Environment Environment TMPDIR or TEMP TMPDIR Windows folders APPDATA points to the personal configuration folder e g C Documents and Settings lt username gt Application Data details can be found at Section A 3 1 Windows profiles WIRESHARK points to the Wireshark program folder e g C Program Files Wireshark Unix Linux folders The etc folder is the global Wireshark configuration folder The folder actually used on yo
100. IED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES 233 This Document s License GPL INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms To do so attach the following notices to the program It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty and each file should have at least the copyright line and a pointer to where the f
101. Initiator s SPI of the IKE_SA This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and the length must be 16 hex chars represents 8 octets Responder s SPI Responder s SPI of the IKE_SA This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and the length must be 16 hex chars represents 8 octets SK_ei Key used to encrypt decrypt IKEv2 packets from initiator to responder This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and its length must meet the requirement of the encryption algorithm selected SK_er Key used to encrypt decrypt IKEv2 packets from responder to initiator This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and its length must meet the requirement of the encryption algorithm selected Encryption Algorithm Encryption algorithm of the IKE_SA SK_ai Key used to calculate Integrity Checksum Data for IKEv2 packets from responder to initiator This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and its length must meet the requirement of the integrity algorithm selected SK_ar Key used to calculate Integrity Checksum Data for IKEv2 packets from initiator to responder This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and its length must meet the requirement of the integrity algorithm selected Integrity Algorithm Integrity algorithm of the IKE_SA 10 12 Object Identifiers Many protocols that use ASN 1 use Object Identifiers OIDs to uniquely identify certain pieces of information In many
102. K When you have built a satisfactory expression click OK and a filter string will be built for you Cancel You can leave the Add Expression dialog box without any effect by clicking the Cancel button 6 6 Defining and saving filters You can define filters with Wireshark and give them labels for later use This can save time in remembering and retyping some of the more complex filters you use To define a new filter or edit an existing one select the Capture Filters menu item from the Capture menu or the Display Filters menu item from the Analyze menu Wireshark will then pop up the Filters dialog as shown in Figure 6 8 The Capture Filters and Display Filters dialog boxes P Note n The mechanisms for defining and saving capture filters and display filters are almost identical So both will be described here differences between these two will be marked as such fi Warning You must use Save to save your filters permanently Ok or Apply will not save the filters so they will be lost when you close Wireshark Figure 6 8 The Capture Filters and Display Filters dialog boxes Wireshark Display Filter Filter ethernet broadcast DCERPC Fault Properties Filter name ip broadcast Fiter string ip addr 255 255 255 255 B Help Pox Apply B Save X close New This button adds a new filter to the list of filters The currently entered values from Filter name and Filter string will be
103. ML File dialog box Export packet data into PDML This is an XML based format including the packet details The PDML file specification is available at http www nbee org doku php id netpdl pdml_specification The PDML specification is not officially released and Wireshark s implementation of it is still in an early beta state so please expect changes in future Wireshark versions 87 File Input Output and Printing Figure 5 15 The Export as PDML File dialog box Save in m Facket Analysis Data 7 img Ez Name s Date modified Mo items match your search q L File name Slow NFS bi Save as type PDML XML packet detail pdm r Facket Format Captured Displayed IY Packet summary All packets 11759 11753 IM Packet details amp Selected packet 1 As displayed Marked packets 0 0 Packet Range Packet Bytes f First to last marked T C Range 0 Each packet on Remove Ignored packets Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 9 The Packet Range frame There s no such thing as a packet details frame for PDML export as the packet format is defined by the PDML specification 88 File Input Output and Printing 5 7 7 The Export selected packet bytes dialog box Export the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes pane into a raw binary file Figure 5 16 The
104. N packets slip SLIP socketcan SocketCAN symantec Symantec Enterprise Firewall tnef Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format tr Token Ring tr nettl Token Ring with nettl headers tzsp Tazmen sniffer protocol unknown Unknown unknown nettl Unknown link layer type with nettl headers usb Raw USB packets usb linux USB packets with Linux header usb linux mmap USB packets with Linux header and padding user0 USER 0 userl USER 1 userl0 USER 10 userll USER 11 userl2 USER 12 userl3 USER 13 userl4 USER 14 user15 USER 15 user2 USER user3 USER user4 USER user5 USER user6 USER user7 USER user8 USER user9 USER 9 v5 ef V5 Envelope Function whdlc Wellfleet HDLC wpan IEEE 802 15 4 Wireless PAN wpan nofcs IEEE 802 15 4 Wireless PAN with FCS not present wpan nonask phy IEEE 802 15 4 Wireless PAN non ASK PHY x25 nettl X 25 with nettl headers x2e serial X2E serial line capture x2e xoraya X2E Xoraya ANAT PWNDY D 8 mergecap Merging multiple capture files into one Mergecap is a program that combines multiple saved capture files into a single output file specified by the w argument Mergecap knows how to read libpcap capture files including those of tcpdump In addition Mergecap can read capture files from snoop including Shomiti and atmsnoop LanAlyzer Sniffer compressed or uncompressed Microsoft Network Monitor AIX s iptrace NetXray Sniffer Pro
105. Ost scinfor 00 00 e Internet Protocol Src 192 168 2 6 192 168 2 6 DSt 224 0 0 107 224 0 0 ve i 4 Fragment offset Time to live 1 a 4 i 4 1 ser Oatagram Prot l P Port ptp event 319 Ost Port ptp event 319 Precision Time Prot 1 Creeeises The protocol field causing an expert info is colorized e g uses a cyan background for a note severity level This color is propagated to the toplevel protocol item in the tree so it s easy to find the field that caused the expert info For the example screenshot above the IP Time to live value is very low only 1 so the corresponding protocol field is marked with a cyan background To easier find that item in the packet tree the IP protocol toplevel item is marked cyan as well 115 Advanced Topics 7 3 4 Expert Packet List Column optional Soro Destnanon Expert Paota Fto An optional Expert Info Severity packet list column is available since SVN 22387 _ 0 99 7 that displays the most significant severity of a packet or stays empty if everything seems ok This column is not displayed by default but can be easily added using the Preferences Columns page described in Section 10 5 Preferences 7 4 Time Stamps 7 4 1 7 4 2 Time stamps their precisions and all that can be quite confusing This section will provide you with information about what s going on while Wireshark processes time stamps While packets are captured each packet is time st
106. P e ONC RPC e SMB As an example the DCE RPC service response time is described in more detail P Note a The other Service Response Time windows will work the same way or only slightly different compared to the following description The Service Response Time DCE RPC window The service response time of DCE RPC is the time between the request and the corresponding response First of all you have to select the DCE RPC interface Figure 8 6 The Compute DCE RPC statistics window Wireshark Compute DCE RPC SRT statistics DER Program ATSYC EPM v Yersion 1 v You can optionally set a display filter to reduce the amount of packets 132 Statistics Figure 8 7 The DCE RPC Statistic for window DCE RPC Service Response Time statistics for EPM major version 3 test DER DCE RPC Service Response Time statistics For EPM major version 3 test pcap Filter ndex Procedure Calls Min SRT Max SRT Avg SRT Each row corresponds to a method of the interface selected so the EPM interface in version 3 has 7 methods For each method the number of calls and the statistics of the SRT time is calculated 8 8 Compare two capture files Compare two capture files This feature works best when you have merged two capture files chronologically one from each side of a client server connection The merged capture data is checked for missing packets If a matching connection is found it is
107. Pop up menu of the Packet Details pane 0 eects ce eece ener ener ees 98 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing c cee ceec cece cece cece nce ence eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeaes 100 6 4 Building display filter expressions 0 cee eee cece ce ence eeceeeceeeeeeecaeeeaeeeu sean eeaes 101 6 4 1 Display filter fields 1 0 0 cee eeceeeeeceeececneeeeueeeeeeeceaueseeuaeeeaeeeeuneeeees 102 6 4 2 Comparing Values vestene Er EEEE E p EE een NEETER EES 102 64 3 Combining eXpressiOns netoa o e a ook oe ay E EE E a a ee 103 6 44 A common MISTAKE sipi eese e a n e Ee s eae eaS 104 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog bOX e ssesessseesssrrerrerrsrrerrersrrrrsrrerrsrrerrereerene 105 6 6 Defining and saving filters isss er eron i o E EEEN EE TAE SS S 106 6 7 Defining and saving filter MAaCTOS sssessseeseeseesserrssrerrsrrerrrrrsrererrrerrerrerreresrese 107 6 8 Finding packets scciveiscoruocadgs desu re A E RE a AE a ES 107 6 8 1 The Find Packet dialog bOX sseesnesresuesesserrsrrsrrrresrerrsrrerrerrerreresre 107 6 8 2 The Find Next command cece cece a cee ca cece een p Ee 108 6 8 3 The Find Previous command cee ceeec i osi erse seca tenn S 108 6 9 Go toa Specie packet vo sace fecscces ceavesh eagseaeng sees ene tans Mba daense cuahes eae eben ayuda me ans 108 6 9 1 The Go Back command 2 0 0 0 cece ccee cee ce eeceeeca seca cena eens eeueeeneeennees 108 6 9 2 T
108. PostScript much like the format used to print packets Tip a You can easily convert PostScript files to PDF files using ghostscript For example export to a file named foo ps and then call ps2pdf foo ps 83 File Input Output and Printing Figure 5 13 The Export as PostScript File dialog box ji Packet Analysis Data x Ee Name Date modified No items match your search File name Slow NFS ae Save as type CSV Comma Separated Values summary cs Packet Format Packet Range IY Packet summary All packets IY Packet details Selected packet As displayed f Marked packets Packet Bytes f First to last marked C Range T Each packet on O Remove Ignored packets Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 9 The Packet Range frame The Packet Details frame is described in Section 5 10 The Packet Format frame 84 File Input Output and Printing 5 7 3 The Export as CSV Comma Separated Values File dialog box XXX add screenshot Export packet summary into CSV used e g by spreadsheet programs to im export data Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to e The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 9 The Packet Range frame 5 7 4 The Export as C Arrays packet bytes file dialog box X
109. This menu item marks the currently selected packet as ignored toggle See Section 6 11 Ignoring packets for details Ignore All Shift Ctrl D This menu item marks all displayed packets as ignored Displayed Packets toggle Un Ignore All Ctrl Alt D This menu item unmarks all ignored packets Packets Set Time Ctrl T This menu item set a time reference on the currently selected Reference packet See Section 6 12 1 Packet time referencing for more toggle information about the time referenced packets Un Time Ctrl Alt T This menu item removes all time references on the packets Reference All Packets Find Next Time Ctrl Alt N This menu item tries to find the next time referenced packet Reference Find Previous Ctrl Alt B This menu item tries to find the previous time referenced Time Reference packet Configuration Shift Ctrl A This menu item brings up a dialog box for handling Profiles configuration profiles More detail is provided in Section 10 6 Configuration Profiles Preferences Shift Ctrl P This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to set preferences for many parameters that control Wireshark You can also save your preferences so Wireshark will use them the 25 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description next time you start it More detail is provided in Section 10 5 Preferences 3 7 The View menu The Wireshark View menu contains the
110. Wireshark User s Guide for Wireshark 1 9 Ulf Lamping Richard Sharpe NS Computer Software and Services P L Ed Warnicke Wireshark User s Guide for Wireshark 1 9 by Ulf Lamping Richard Sharpe and Ed Warnicke Copyright 2004 2012 Ulf Lamping Richard Sharpe Ed Warnicke Permission is granted to copy distribute and or modify this document under the terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation All logos and trademarks in this document are property of their respective owner PRETACE 2 asda cradcstbec aoe ectoded ANEA E E EO E AEE NEE ENN EOE EE AEE ENERET ix l Foreword So Niara N O E E E E E EERON Jeevan ix 2 Who should read this document see sseeseseessserrsrrerrsresrrreerreersrrerrrresrrererreersreet ix 3 Acknowledgements ni merine oriee E e E geen E a E ees ONS ix 4 About this AOCUMENLE srs onn tess Sets R a se Suny E e a a ea xX 5 Where to get the latest copy of this document sssesssesersseesserrssreererreerererrerrerreees xX 6 Providing feedback about this document sssseeeeeeseeeeseertestrstesstessrrssressrrerereeeres x 1s IMtrOdUCHON AEAEE E E E E A btn dal eel 1 1 1 What is Wireshark senie pene oenen E EEE ER ths EAS EER E E ENE 1 1 1 1 Some intended purposes nr na a A re e E E R EE EEEE Y 1 11 25 Features srin nne ner na N a E eaea Ee A E S 1 1 1 3 Live capture from many different network media
111. XX add screenshot Export packet bytes into C arrays so you can import the stream data into your own C program e Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 9 The Packet Range frame 5 7 5 The Export as PSML File dialog box Export packet data into PSML This is an XML based format including only the packet summary The PSML file specification is available at http www nbee org doku php id netpdl psml_specification 85 File Input Output and Printing Figure 5 14 The Export as PSML File dialog box Save in di Packet Analysis Data img Ez az Name s Date modified oF No items match your search 4 nm File name Siow NFS Save as type PSML XML packet summary psml Packet Format Captured Displayed IY Packet summary All packets 11759 11753 IM Packet details Selected packet 1 As displayed Marked packets 0 0 Packet Range Packet Bytes f First to last marked T c Range 0 T Each packet on Remove Ignored packets Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to e The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 9 The Packet Range frame There s no such thing as a packet details frame for PSML export as the packet format is defined by the PSML specification 86 File Input Output and Printing 5 7 6 The Export as PD
112. a TCP endpoint is a combination of the IP address and the TCP port used so different TCP ports on the same IP address are different TCP endpoints e Token Ring a Token Ring endpoint is identical to the Token Ring MAC address e UDP a UDP endpoint is a combination of the IP address and the UDP port used so different UDP ports on the same IP address are different UDP endpoints e USB XXX insert info here e WLAN XXX insert info here 129 Statistics 8 5 2 8 5 3 P Broadcast multicast endpoints Broadcast multicast traffic will be shown separately as additional endpoints Of course as these endpoints are virtual endpoints the real traffic will be received by all multicast some of the listed unicast endpoints The Endpoints window This window shows statistics about the endpoints captured Figure 8 4 The Endpoints window Enapointe http pcap Ethernet 2 ipva 16 iex yaa nee rce 51 upP 2 IPv4 Endpoints Filter http or dns Address Packets Bytes Tx Packets Tx Bytes Rx Packets Rx Bytes 10 211 55 3 367 211211 184 91005 183 120206 193 69 165 21 230 137406 115 86048 115 51358 128 121 50 122 36 18985 18 5306 18 13679 193 69 165 29 28 18580 14 10235 14 8345 4182 12 193 69 1 62 70 11 43 201 API 6 3596 3 81 7 166 249 6 5165 3 18 Prepare a Filter gt Not Selected 81 93 163 170 7 3581 3 14 Find Frame gt and
113. ach packet This allows Wireshark or any other full packet decoder to handle these dumps The File import dialog box This dialog box lets you select a file to be imported and set import parameters Figure 5 10 The File Import dialog Wireshark Import from Text Input Filename Browse Hexadecimal Offsets O Octal O Decimal O Date Time Import Encapsulation type Ethernet v Dummy header O Ethernet Saw O Source port o O TCP Destination port fo O scTP Ss O SCTP DATA aes Max frame length 78 File Input Output and Printing Specific controls of this import dialog are split in two sections Input Determine which input file has to be imported and how it is to be interpreted Import Determine how the data is to be imported The input parameters are as follows Filename Browse Enter the name of the text file to import You can use Browse to browse for a file Offsets Select the radix of the offsets given in the text file to import This is usually hexadecimal but decimal and octal are also supported Date Time Tick this checkbox if there are timestamps associated with the frames in the text file to import you would like to use Otherwise the current time is used for timestamping the frames Format This is the format specifier used to parse the timestamps in the text file to import It uses a simple syntax to describe the format of the timestamps using H for hours M for minutes
114. acket in the capture file this command will jump to that packet P Note a As these protocol fields now work like links just as in your Web browser it s easier to simply double click on the field to jump to the corresponding field 6 9 5 The Go to First Packet command This command will simply jump to the first packet displayed 6 9 6 The Go to Last Packet command This command will simply jump to the last packet displayed 6 10 Marking packets You can mark packets in the Packet List pane A marked packet will be shown with black background regardless of the coloring rules set Marking a packet can be useful to find it later while analyzing in a large capture file fi Warning The packet marks are not stored in the capture file or anywhere else so all packet marks will be lost if you close the capture file You can use packet marking to control the output of packets when saving exporting printing To do so an option in the packet range is available see Section 5 9 The Packet Range frame There are three functions to manipulate the marked state of a packet e Mark packet toggle toggles the marked state of a single packet e Mark all displayed packets set the mark state of all displayed packets e Unmark all packets reset the mark state of all packets These mark functions are available from the Edit menu and the Mark packet toggle function is also available from the pop up menu of the Packet Li
115. aded one It is discussed in more detail in Section 5 4 Merging capture files Import This menu item brings up the import file dialog box that allows you to import a text file into a new temporary capture It is discussed in more detail in Section 5 5 Import text file Close Ctrl W This menu item closes the current capture If you haven t saved the capture you will be asked to do so first this can be disabled by a preference setting Ctrl S This menu item saves the current capture If you have not set a default capture file name perhaps with the w lt capfile gt option Wireshark pops up the Save Capture File As dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog box 22 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description P Note lt a If you have already saved the current capture this menu item will be greyed out P Note You cannot save a live capture while the capture is in progress You must stop the capture in order to save Save As Shift Ctrl S This menu item allows you to save the current capture file to whatever file you would like It pops up the Save Capture File As dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog box File Set gt List This menu item allows you to show a list
116. age png 26763 front_screen png 2592 www wireshark org image png 8783 wslogomedbluel13 png 2978 www wireshark org image png 6525 wsiconinst80 png 2987 www wireshark org image png 159 cg_fade_bg png 3071 www wireshark org image png 296 top_navbar_bg png 3441 ads wireshark org image gif 43 adlog php bannerid 12 amp clientid 2 amp zoneid 0 amp source front amp block 0 amp cap 3525 www google analytics com image gif 35 Sutmac UA 605389 2 amp utmec __utma 3D87653150 554435287 1170449 ik D o Help A Save As Save All Columns e Packet num The packet number in which this object was found In some cases there can be multiple objects in the same packet e Hostname The hostname of the server that sent the object as a response to an HTTP request e Content Type The HTTP content type of this object e Bytes The size of this object in bytes e Filename The final part of the URI after the last slash This is typically a filename but may be a long complex looking string which typically indicates that the file was received in response to a HTTP POST request Buttons e Help Opens this section in the user s guide e Close Closes this dialog e Save As Saves the currently selected object as a filename you specify The default filename to save as is taken from the filename column of the objects list 90 File Input Output and Printing e Save All Saves all objects in the list using the filename from the filename column
117. ages in the Packet Bytes pane for information about this pane see Section 3 20 The Packet Bytes pane Figure 7 2 The Packet Bytes pane with a reassembled tab 06 ab 04 6b 7f bd 08 00 45 00 0010 01 48 33 c7 OO OO 1e 11 dd 51 be as 08 Oa bc ag 0020 09 32 41 af 07 04 01 34 00 b4 04 OO 2e OO 10 00 00 00 a0 de 97 6c 11 82 71 00 57 80 fo 53 08 00 Note tabs in the Packet Bytes pane appear Ed Reassembling might take place at several protocol layers so it s possible that multiple ra Note You will find the reassembled data in the last packet of the chunk An example Ina HTTP GET response the requested data e g an HTML page is returned Wireshark will show the hex dump of the data in a new tab Uncompressed entity body in the Packet Bytes pane Reassembling is enabled in the preferences by default The defaults were changed from disabled to enabled in September 2005 If you created your preference settings before this date you might look if reassembling is actually enabled as it can be extremely helpful while analyzing network packets 120 Advanced Topics The enabling or disabling of the reassemble settings of a protocol typically requires two things 1 the lower level protocol e g TCP must support reassembly Often this reassembly can be enabled or disabled via the protocol preferences 2 the higher level protocol e g HTTP must use the reassembly mechanism to reassem
118. al name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 27 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 28 protofield __ tostring Returns a string with info about a protofield for debugging purposes 189 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 10 7 Non Method Functions 11 10 7 1 register_postdissector proto Make a protocol with a dissector a postdissector It will be called for every frame after dissection 11 10 7 1 1 Arguments proto the protocol to be used as postdissector 11 11 Adding information to the dissection tree 11 11 1 Treeltem TreeItems represent information in the packet details pane A root TreeItem is passed to dissectors as first argument 11 11 1 1 treeitem add_packet_field Adds an child item to a given item returning the child tree_item add_packet_field proto_field tvbrange encoding 11 11 1 2 treeitem add Adds an child item to a given item returning the child tree_item add proto_field proto tvbrange label if the proto_field represents a numeric value int uint or float is to be treated as a Big Endian network order Value 11 11 1 2 1 Returns The child item 11 11 1 3 treeitem add_le Adds and returns an child item to a given item returning the child tree_item add proto_field proto tvbrange label if the proto_field represents a numeric value int u
119. alue different from 1 2 3 4 As an IP datagram contains both a source and a destination address the expression will evaluate to true whenever at least one of the two addresses differs from 1 2 3 4 If you want to filter out all packets containing IP datagrams to or from IP address 1 2 3 4 then the correct filter is ip addr 1 2 3 4 as it reads show me all the packets for which it is not true that a field named ip addr exists with a value of 1 2 3 4 or in other words filter out all packets for which there are no occurrences of a field named ip addr with the value 1 2 3 4 104 Working with captured packets 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog box When you are accustomed to Wireshark s filtering system and know what labels you wish to use in your filters it can be very quick to simply type a filter string However if you are new to Wireshark or are working with a slightly unfamiliar protocol it can be very confusing to try to figure out what to type The Filter Expression dialog box helps with this Tip a The Filter Expression dialog box is an excellent way to learn how to write Wireshark display filter strings Figure 6 7 The Filter Expression dialog box Wireshark Filter Expression Field name Relation 2dparityec wo a io EA ir 3GPP2 411 802 11 MGT 802 11 Radiotap 802 3 Slow protocols 9P AALL AAL3 4 AARP ACAP ACP133 ACSE Actrace ADP AFP Fe HRHRE He amp Hl
120. ame gt name of file to save def tempfile 9 enable group read access on the output file s b lt ringbuffer opt gt duration NUM switch to next file after NUM secs filesize NUM switch to next file after NUM KB files NUM ringbuffer replace after NUM files use pcapng format instead of pcap default P use libpcap format instead of pcapng Miscellaneous use a separate thread per interface q don t report packet capture counts lt y print version information and exit h display this help and exit Example dumpcap i eth0 a duration 60 w output pcapng Capture packets from interface eth0 until 60s passed into output pcapng Use Ctrl C to stop capturing at any time D 5 capinfos Print information about capture files Included with Wireshark is a small utility called capinfos which is a command line utility to print information about binary capture files 217 Related command line tools Example D 3 Help information available from capinfos Capinfos 1 9 0 SVN Rev 47047 from trunk Prints various information infos about capture files See http www wireshark org for more information Usage capinfos options lt infile gt General infos t display the capture file type E display the capture file encapsulation H display the SHA1 RMD160 and MD5 hashes of the file Size infos c display the number of packets display the size of the file in bytes d display the total length of a
121. amped as it comes in These time stamps will be saved to the capture file so they also will be available for later analysis So where do these time stamps come from While capturing Wireshark gets the time stamps from the libpcap WinPcap library which in turn gets them from the operating system kernel If the capture data is loaded from a capture file Wireshark obviously gets the data from that file Wireshark internals The internal format that Wireshark uses to keep a packet time stamp consists of the date in days since 1 1 1970 and the time of day in nanoseconds since midnight You can adjust the way Wireshark displays the time stamp data in the packet list see the Time Display Format item in the Section 3 7 The View menu for details While reading or writing capture files Wireshark converts the time stamp data between the capture file format and the internal format as required While capturing Wireshark uses the libpcap WinPcap capture library which supports microsecond resolution Unless you are working with specialized capturing hardware this resolution should be adequate Capture file formats Every capture file format that Wireshark knows supports time stamps The time stamp precision supported by a specific capture file format differs widely and varies from one second 0 to one nanosecond 0 123456789 Most file formats store the time stamps with a fixed precision e g microseconds while some file
122. and not Selected embership Report Join groug 33 User Specified Decodes or not Selected Eollow TCP Streai UDF 1 Ho tream Expert Info 11 1 226156 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 P Expert Info Composite be Conversation Filter gt gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 COO O0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol src Port ncu 2 3196 Dst Port http C80 Seq 0 Len 0 Source port ncu 2 3196 Destination port http 80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number Header length 28 bytes amp window size value 64240 x 0000 00 09 Sb 2d 75 9a 00 Ob 0010 00 30 18 48 40 0Q 80 06 0020 00 01 ere 00 50 36 36 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 5d 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 61 2c cO a8 00 02 cO a8 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 05 b4 01 01 04 02 S Transmission Control Protocol tcp 28 bytes Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 000 l Profile Default Table 3 7 Analyze menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Display This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to create Filters and edit display filters You can name filters and you can save them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Section
123. anosecond libpcap nstracel0 NetScaler Trace Version 1 0 nstrace20 NetScaler Trace Version 2 0 pcapng Wireshark pcapng rf5 Tektronix K12xx 32 bit rf5 format rh6_llibpcap RedHat 6 1 tcpdump libpcap snoop Sun snoop suse6_3libpcap SuSE 6 3 tcpdump libpcap visual Visual Networks traffic capture Example D 7 Encapsulation types available from editcap editcap T editcap option requires an argument T editcap The available encapsulation types for the T flag are ap1394 Apple IP over IEEE 1394 arcnet ARCNET arcnet_linux Linux ARCNET ascend Lucent Ascend access equipment atm pdus ATM PDUs atm pdus untruncated ATM PDUs untruncated atm rfcl483 RFC 1483 ATM ax25 Amateur Radio AX 25 ax25 kiss AX 25 with KISS header bacnet ms tp BACnet MS TP bacnet ms tp with direction BACnet MS TP with Directional Info ber ASN 1 Basic Encoding Rules bluetooth h4 Bluetooth H4 bluetooth h4 linux Bluetooth H4 with linux header bluetooth hci Bluetooth without transport layer can20b Controller Area Network 2 0B chdle Cisco HDLC chdlc with direction Cisco HDLC with Directional Info cosine CoSine L2 debug log dbus D Bus dct2000 Catapult DCT2000 docsis Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification dpnss_link Digital Private Signalling System No 1 Link Layer dvbci DVB CI Common Interface enc OpenBSD enc 4 encapsulating interface erf Extensible Record Format ether Ethernet
124. are errors that cannot be recovered the receiving side throws away the packet Depending on the network protocol this data loss is simply ignored or the sending side needs to detect this loss somehow and retransmits the required packet s Using a checksum drastically reduces the number of undetected transmission errors However the usual checksum algorithms cannot guarantee an error detection of 100 so a very small number of transmission errors may remain undetected There are several different kinds of checksum algorithms an example of an often used checksum algorithm is CRC32 The checksum algorithm actually chosen for a specific network protocol will depend on the expected error rate of the network medium the importance of error detection the processor load to perform the calculation the performance needed and many other things Further information about checksums can be found at http en wikipedia org wiki Checksum 7 8 1 Wireshark checksum validation Wireshark will validate the checksums of several protocols e g IP TCP UDP It will do the same calculation as a normal receiver would do and shows the checksum fields in the packet details with a comment e g correct invalid must be 0x12345678 or alike Checksum validation can be switched off for various protocols in the Wireshark protocol preferences e g to very slightly increase performance If the checksum validation is enabled and it detected an
125. arked column will reflect the values corresponding to the marked packages 8 3 The Protocol Hierarchy window The protocol hierarchy of the captured packets 126 Statistics Figure 8 2 The Protocol Hierarchy window Wireshark Protocol Hierarchy Statistics mea Display filter http or dns Protocol Packets Packets Bytes Mbit s End Packets End Bytes End Mbit s v Frame 100 00 367 211211 0 086 0 0 0 000 v Ethernet 100 00 367 211211 0 086 0 0 0 000 V Internet Protocol 100 00 367 211211 0 086 0 0 0 000 VY Transmission Control Protocol 93 46 343 207029 0 084 113 82553 0 034 Hypertext Transfer Protocol 62 67 230 124476 0 051 189 93393 0 038 Compuserve GIF 7 36 27 17114 0 007 27 17114 0 007 Line based text data 3 27 12 12265 0 005 12 12265 0 005 JPEG File Interchange Format 0 27 E 990 0 000 i 990 0 000 eXtensible Markup Language 0 27 1 714 0 000 1 714 0 000 v User Datagram Protocol 6 54 24 4182 0 002 0 0 0 000 Domain Name Service 6 54 24 4182 0 002 24 4182 0 002 ca This is a tree of all the protocols in the capture You can collapse or expand subtrees by clicking on the plus minus icons By default all trees are expanded Each row contains the statistical values of one protocol The Display filter will show the current display filter The following columns containing the statistical values are available e Protocol this protocol s name e 9 Packets the percentage of protocol packets re
126. at the Section 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box While dissecting the current protocol dissector was simply running out of packet bytes and had to give up There s nothing else you can do now except to repeat the whole capture process again with a higher or no packet size limitation C 2 Packet Details Messages These messages might appear in the packet details C 2 1 Response in frame 123 The current packet is the request of a detected request response pair You can directly jump to the corresponding response packet just by double clicking on this message C 2 2 Request in frame 123 Same as Response in frame 123 above but the other way round 212 Wireshark Messages C 2 3 Time from request 0 123 seconds The time between the request and the response packets C 2 4 Stream setup by PROTOCOL frame 123 The session control protocol SDP H225 etc message which signaled the creation of this session You can directly jump to the corresponding packet just by double clicking on this message 213 Appendix D Related command line tools D 1 Introduction Besides the Wireshark GUI application there are some command line tools which can be helpful for doing some more specialized things These tools will be described in this chapter D 2 tshark Terminal based Wireshark TShark is a terminal oriented version of Wireshark designed for capturing and displaying packets when an intera
127. ate the first three bytes of an Ethernet address into a manufacturers name This file has 205 Files and Folders the same format as the ethers file except addresses are three bytes long An example is 00200701 Xerox XEROX CORPORATION The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark hosts Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview to translate IPv4 and IPv6 addresses into names This file has the same format as the usual etc hosts file on Unix systems An example is Comments must be prepended by the sign 192 168 0 1 homeserver The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark services Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview to translate port numbers into names An example is mydns 5045 udp My own Domain Name Server mydns 5045 tcp My own Domain Name Server The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark subnets Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview to translate an IPv4 address into a subnet name If no exact match from the hosts file or from DNS is found Wireshark will attempt a partial match for the subnet of the address Each line of this file consists of an IPv4 address a subnet mask length s
128. ation i i Nanoseconds 0 123456789 wini M Coloring Rules Display Seconds with hours and minutes Ctri Alt 0 M ooo oq Show Packet in New Window 2 08 00 45 00 u 8 0010 Od 8 00 02 c0 a8 OHOn ayes eee 0020 og amp Reload CtHHR 9 0000 70 02 PK6 ween p 0030 fa TU 27 e0 OU OU 02 U4 U5 b4 OL UL 04 02 Kean ia a aa Na rer ce File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 000 Profile Default Table 3 4 View menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Main Toolbar This menu item hides or shows the main toolbar see Section 3 16 The Main toolbar Filter Toolbar This menu item hides or shows the filter toolbar see Section 3 17 The Filter toolbar Wireless This menu item hides or shows the wireless toolbar See the Toolbar AirPcap documentation for more information Windows only Statusbar This menu item hides or shows the statusbar see Section 3 21 The Statusbar Packet List This menu item hides or shows the packet list pane see Section 3 18 The Packet List pane Packet Details This menu item hides or shows the packet details pane see Section 3 19 The Packet Details pane 26 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Packet Bytes This menu item hides or shows the packet bytes pane see Section 3 20 The Packet Bytes pane Ti
129. atus 34 59133 0100 0H 00 0H 010 2 24 SET Ok 35 59134 29 97 0 00 0 03 4 48 Ok 36 59135 30 13 0 01 0 10 6 72 Ok 37 59136 30 11 0 02 0 21 8 96 Ok 38 59137 30 11 0 02 0 32 11 20 Ok 39 59138 30 18 0 03 0 51 13 44 Ok 59139 28 73 0 11 0 76 15 68 Ok 43 59140 29 99 0 10 0 77 17 92 Ok 45 59141 29 99 0 10 0 78 20 16 Ok Max delta 34 83 ms at packet no 274 Max jitter 0 83 ms Mean jitter 0 37 ms Max skew 4 14 ms Total RTP packets 236 expected 236 Lost RTP packets O 0 00 Sequence errors O Duration 7 05 s 60 ms clock drift corresponding to 7932 Hz 0 85 Save payload Save as CSV amp Refresh Next non Ok Starting with basic data as packet number and sequence number further statistics are created based on arrival time delay jitter packet size etc Besides the per packet statistics the lower pane shows the overall statistics with minimums and maximums for delta jitter and clock skew Also an indication of lost packets is included The RTP Stream Analysis window further provides the option to save the RTP payload as raw data or if in a PCM encoding in an Audio file Other options a to export and plot various statistics on the RTP streams 9 3 VoIP Calls The VoIP Calls window shows a list of all detected VoIP calls in the captured traffic It finds calls by their signaling More details are described at the http wiki wireshark org VoIP_calls page 13
130. aults mentioned here might not apply Windows 7 Windows Vista C Users lt username gt AppData Roaming Wireshark Windows XP C Documents and Settings lt username gt Application Data Documents and Settings and Application Data might be internationalized Windows 2000 no longer supported by Wireshark for C Documents and Settings lt username gt Application Data Documents and Settings and historical reference only Windows NT 4 no longer supported for historical reference only Windows ME Windows 98 with user profiles no longer supported for historical reference only Windows ME Windows 98 without user profiles no longer supported for historical reference only Application Data might be internationalized C WINNT Profiles lt username gt Application Data Wireshark In Windows ME and 98 you can enable separate user profiles In that case something like C windows Profiles lt username gt Application Data Wireshark is used Without user profiles enabled the default location for all users is C windows Application Data Wireshark A 3 2 Windows 7 Vista XP 2000 and NT roaming profiles The following will only be applicable if you are using roaming profiles This might be the case if you work in a Windows domain environment used in company networks The configurations of all programs you use won t be saved on the local hard drive of the computer you are currently working on but o
131. ay 1970 01 01 01 02 03 123456 The absolute date and time of the day when the packet was captured e Time of Day 01 02 03 123456 The absolute time of the day when the packet was captured e Seconds Since Beginning of Capture 123 123456 The time relative to the start of the capture file or the first Time Reference before this packet see Section 6 12 1 Packet time referencing e Seconds Since Previous Captured Packet 1 123456 The time relative to the previous captured packet e Seconds Since Previous Displayed Packet 1 123456 The time relative to the previous displayed packet e Seconds Since Epoch 1970 01 01 1234567890 123456 The time relative to epoch midnight UTC of January 1 1970 The available precisions aka the number of displayed decimal places are e Automatic The timestamp precision of the loaded capture file format will be used the default e Seconds Deciseconds Centiseconds Milliseconds Microseconds or Nanoseconds The timestamp precision will be forced to the given setting If the actually available precision is smaller zeros will be appended If the precision is larger the remaining decimal places will be cut off Precision example If you have a timestamp and it s displayed using Seconds Since Previous Packet the value might be 1 123456 This will be displayed using the Automatic setting for libpcap files which is microseconds If you use Seconds it would show simply 1 and if you use Nan
132. based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License 7 If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not 232 This Document s License GPL excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program If any portion of th
133. bject 11 8 1 1 3 Errors e tap registration error 11 8 1 2 listener remove Removes a tap listener 11 8 1 3 listener packet A function that will be called once every packet matches the Listener listener filter function tap packet pinfo tvb userdata end 11 8 1 4 listener draw A function that will be called once every few seconds to redraw the gui objects in tshark this funtion is called oly at the very end of the capture file function tap draw userdata end 11 8 1 5 listener reset A function that will be called at the end of the capture run function tap reset userdata end 11 9 Obtaining packet information 11 9 1 Address Represents an address 11 9 1 1 Address ip hostname Creates an Address Object representing an IP address 171 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 9 1 1 1 Arguments hostname The address or name of the IP host 11 9 1 1 2 Returns The Address object 11 9 1 2 address tostring 11 9 1 2 1 Returns The string representing the address 11 9 1 3 address eq Compares two Addresses 11 9 1 4 address __le Compares two Addresses 11 9 1 5 address ___It Compares two Addresses 11 9 2 Column A Column in the packet list 11 9 2 1 column __tostring 11 9 2 1 1 Returns A string representing the column 11 9 2 2 column clear Clears a Column 11 9 2 3 column set text Sets the text of a Column 11 9 2 3 1 Arguments text The text to which to set the Colu
134. ble fragmented protocol data This too can often be enabled or disabled via the protocol preferences The tooltip of the higher level protocol setting will notify you if and which lower level protocol setting also has to be considered 7 7 Name Resolution 7 1 1 7 7 2 Name resolution tries to convert some of the numerical address values into a human readable format There are two possible ways to do these conversions depending on the resolution to be done calling system network services like the gethostname function and or resolve from Wireshark specific configuration files For details about the configuration files Wireshark uses for name resolution and alike see Appendix A Files and Folders The name resolution feature can be enabled individually for the protocol layers listed in the following sections Name Resolution drawbacks Name resolution can be invaluable while working with Wireshark and may even save you hours of work Unfortunately it also has its drawbacks e Name resolution will often fail The name to be resolved might simply be unknown by the name servers asked or the servers are just not available and the name is also not found in Wireshark s configuration files The resolved names are not stored in the capture file or somewhere else So the resolved names might not be available if you open the capture file later or on a different machine Each time you open a capture file it may look slightly diffe
135. bother about the date time of the time stamp you currently look at unless you must make sure that the date time is as expected So if you get a capture file from a different time zone and or DST you ll have to find out the time zone DST difference between the two local times and mentally adjust the time stamps accordingly In any case make sure that every computer in question has the correct time and time zone setting 7 6 Packet Reassembling 7 6 1 What is it 7 6 2 Network protocols often need to transport large chunks of data which are complete in themselves e g when transferring a file The underlying protocol might not be able to handle that chunk size e g limitation of the network packet size or is stream based like TCP which doesn t know data chunks at all In that case the network protocol has to handle the chunk boundaries itself and if required spread the data over multiple packets It obviously also needs a mechanism to determine the chunk boundaries on the receiving side Tip Wireshark calls this mechanism reassembling although a specific protocol specification might use a different term for this e g desegmentation defragmentation How Wireshark handles it For some of the network protocols Wireshark knows of a mechanism is implemented to find decode and display these chunks of data Wireshark will try to find the corresponding packets of this chunk and will show the combined data as additional p
136. box on the column tab Preferences Resize Column Resize the column to fit the values Rename Column Allows you to change the title of the column header Title Displayed View This menu items folds out with a list of all configured Column columns These columns can now be shown or hidden in the packet list Hide Column Allows you to hide the column from the packet list Remove Column Allows you to remove the column from the packet list 6 2 2 Pop up menu of the Packet List pane Figure 6 4 Pop up menu of the Packet List pane a test cap Wireshark Gol File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Help lt SMASH SAXSSiQ_eoaF zs aaan ama mn H l Filter v Expression Clear Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 1 0 000000 Fujitsu_20 2 Broadcast ARP Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 2 QE 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP v3 Membership Report Join group 11 1 226156 192 168 0 2 a ee won 4 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 642 dele eat ip gt neus2 SYN ACK SeqeO Acl v Ignore Packet toggle l gt Set Time Reference toggle Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits ts Ethernet II Src Fujitsu_20 cd 02 C00 Manually Resolve Address gear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 Internet Protocol src 192 168 0 2 C1 ee Apply as Filter gt Selected Source port ncu 2 3196 Prepare a Filter ld Not Selected 3 Destination port http 80 Conversation Filter
137. bytes to the clipboard as ASCII text Printable Text excluding non printable characters Only Copy Bytes Hex Stream Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as an unpunctuated list of hex digits 97 Working with captured packets Item Identical to main Description menu s item Copy Bytes Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as raw binary The Binary Stream data is stored in the clipboard as MIME type application octet stream Decode As Analyze Change or apply a new relation between two dissectors Print File Print packets Show Packet in View Display the selected packet in a new window New Window 6 2 3 Pop up menu of the Packet Details pane Figure 6 5 Pop up menu of the Packet Details pane Wtest cap Wireshark cog Eile Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Help Saa FAXxSS QevaFsi SFZ QQQH ama mn lB Filter x _Fynraccinn Clase Apply Expand Subtrees No Time Source Destina m Expand all 1 0 000000 Fujitsu_20 cd 02 Broac tous ARP for 192 168 0 2 CH Collapse All Apply as Column 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 A E eai c grout Apply as Filter gt Selected tcp nbi Prepare a Filter F Not Selected ime Colorize with Filter and Selected d wwo0e Follow TCP Stream Or Selected F s and not Selected o gt i of not Selected ww004 U2 226156 192 168 0 2 Copy gt gt http SYN Seq 0 win 642
138. cases they are used in an extension mechanism so that new object identifiers and associated values may be defined without needing to change the base standard 155 Customizing Wireshark Whilst Wireshark has knowledge about many of the OIDs and the syntax of their associated values the extensibility means that other values may be encountered Wireshark uses this table to allow the user to define the name and syntax of Object Identifiers that Wireshark does not know about for example a privately defined X 400 extension It also allows the user to override the name and syntax of Object Identifiers that Wireshark does know about e g changing the name id at countryName to just c This table is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields OID The string representation of the Object Identifier e g 2 5 4 6 Name The name that should be displayed by Wireshark when the Object Identifier is dissected eg eo Syntax The syntax of the value associated with the Object Identifier This must be one of the syntaxes that Wireshark already knows about e g PrintableString 10 13 PRES Users Context List Wireshark uses this table to map a presentation context identifier to a given object identifier when the capture does not contain a PRES package with a presentation context definition list for the conversation This table is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields
139. checked for e IP header checksums e Excessive delay defined by the Time variance setting e Packet order 133 Statistics Figure 8 8 The Compare window 1 iw Compare two capture files wsweb compare 2010 04 22 pcap Compare two capture files wsweb compare 2010 04 22 pcap Filter tcp port eq 80 Compare Statistics Number of packets total 208 1st file 98 2nd file 110 Scopes start 1 stop 4 and start 5 stop 8 Equal packets 88 Allowed variation 3 000000 Average time difference 107 566295 IP Id Problem Count Delta a 15638 Not arrived in time 2 225 062000 15824 Not arrived in time 2 128 999000 16413 Not arrived in time 2 326 914000 16644 Packet lost 1 0 000000 16645 Packet lost 1 0 000000 16647 Packet lost 1 0 000000 16648 Packet lost 1 0 000000 16649 Packet lost 1 0 000000 17073 Not arrived in time 2 78 630000 17755 Not arrived in time 2 14 971000 17756 Not arrived in time 2 14 499000 17757 Not arrived in time 2 9 909000 2 2 2 2 LLLI 20804 Not arrived in time 154 061000 20918 Not arrived in time 277 5715000 20919 Not arrived in time 274 044000 21321 Not arrived in time 97 442000 You can configure the following e Start compare Start comparing when this many IP IDs are matched A zero value starts comparing immediately e Stop compare Stop comparing when we can no longer match this many IP IDs Zero always compares e Endpoint distinction Use MAC addresses o
140. col Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 B Source port ncu 2 3196 z Destination port http C80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number Header length 28 bytes a window size value 64240 000A 600 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 Ob 5d 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 m ee eee 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO a amp OO 02 cO ag O H a ee 0020 00 O01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 OO 00 00 00 70 02 wee e P lt 6 annan p 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 O1 O1 04 02 aa iia aaa File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 000 Profile Default Wireshark s main window consists of parts that are commonly known from many other GUI programs 1 The menu see Section 3 4 The Menu is used to start actions 2 The main toolbar see Section 3 16 The Main toolbar provides quick access to frequently used items from the menu 3 The filter toolbar see Section 3 17 The Filter toolbar provides a way to directly manipulate the currently used display filter see Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing 4 The packet list pane see Section 3 18 The Packet List pane displays a summary of each packet captured By clicking on packets in this pane you control what is displayed in the other two panes 5 The packet details pane see Section 3 19 The Packet Details pane displays the
141. ctive user interface isn t necessary or available It supports the same options as wireshark For more information on tshark see the manual pages man tshark 214 Usage tshark options Capture interface i lt interface gt name or idx of interface def first non loopback f lt capture filter gt Related command line togls filter syntax s lt snaplen gt Example D 1 Help inforn y lt link type gt D L Capture stop conditions c lt packet count gt a lt autostop cond gt Capture output b lt ringbuffer opt gt RPCAP options A lt user gt lt password gt Input file r lt infile gt Processing R lt read filter gt N lt name resolve flags gt packet snapshot length def 65535 don t capture in promiscuous mode agture in itom mode jf available ation available from tshark link layer type def first appropriate print list of interfaces and exit print list of link layer types of iface and exit stop after n packets def infinite duration NUM stop after NUM seconds filesize NUM stop this file after NUM KB files NUM stop after NUM files duration NUM switch to next file after NUM secs filesize NUM switch to next file after NUM KB files NUM ringbuffer replace after NUM files use RPCAP password authentication set the filename to read from no pipes or stdin perform a two pass analysis packet filter in Wireshark display filter syn
142. d Copy Bytes Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard in hexdump like Offset Hex Text format similar to the Packet List Pane command but copies only the bytes relevant to the selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes Pane Copy Bytes Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard in hexdump like Offset Hex format but without the text portion similar to the Packet List Pane command but copies only the bytes relevant to the selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes Pane Copy Bytes Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as ASCII text Printable Text excluding non printable characters similar to the Packet List Only Pane command but copies only the bytes relevant to the Copy Bytes Hex Stream selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes Pane Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as an unpunctuated list of hex digits similar to the Packet List Pane command but copies only the bytes relevant to the selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes Pane Copy Bytes Binary Stream Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as raw binary similar to the Packet List Pane command but copies only the bytes relevant to the selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes Pane The data is stored in the clipboard as MIME type application octet stream 99 Working with captured packets
143. d apply display filters More information on display filters is available in Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing Figure 3 15 The Filter toolbar Wetter dp Expression Ysclear Y apply Table 3 14 Filter toolbar items Toolbar Toolbar Item Description Icon Z Filter Brings up the filter construction dialog described in Figure 6 8 The Capture Filters and Display Filters dialog boxes Filter input The area to enter or edit a display filter string see Section 6 4 Building display filter expressions A syntax check of your filter string is done while you are typing The background will turn red if you enter an incomplete or invalid string and will become green when you enter a valid string You can click on the pull down arrow to select a previously entered filter string from a list The entries in the pull down list will remain available even after a program restart P Note a After you ve changed something in this field don t forget to press the Apply button or the Enter Return key to apply this filter string to the display P Note S This field is also where the current filter in effect is displayed d Expression The middle button labeled Add Expression opens a dialog box that lets you edit a display filter from a list of protocol fields described in Section 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog box Clear Reset the current displa
144. d f_proto buf 0 1 t add f_dir buf 1 1 local proto_id buf 0 1 uint local dissector protos proto_id if dissector nil then dissector call buf 2 tvb pkt root elseif proto_id lt 2 then t add f_text buf 2 pkt cols info set buf 2 buf len 3 string else data_dis call buf 2 tvb pkt root end end local wtap_encap_table DissectorTable get wtap_encap local udp_encap_table DissectorTable get udp port wtap_encap_table add wtap USER15 p_multi wtap_encap_table add wtap USER12 p_multi udp_encap_table add 7555 p_multi end Example of Listener written in Lua This program will register a menu that will open a window with a count of occurrences of every address in the capture do local function menuable_tap Declare the window we will use local tw TextWindow new Address Counter This will contain a hash of counters of appearances of a certain address local ips gt this is our tap local tap Listener new function remove this way we remove the listener that otherwise will remain running indefinitely tap remove end we tell the window to call the remove function when closed tw set_atclose remove this function will be called once for each packet function tap packet pinfo tvb local src ips tostring pinfo src or 0 local dst ips tostring pinfo dst or 0 ips tostring pinfo src src 1 ips tost
145. d on the currently selected item Conversation This menu item applies a display filter with the address Filter information from the selected packet E g the IP menu entry will set a filter to show the traffic between the two IP addresses of the current packet XXX add a new section describing this better Colorize This menu item uses a display filter with the address Conversation information from the selected packet to build a new colorizing rule SCTP Allows you to analyze and prepare a filter for this SCTP association Follow TCP Analyze Allows you to view all the data on a TCP stream between a Stream pair of nodes Follow UDP Analyze Allows you to view all the data on a UDP datagram stream Stream between a pair of nodes Follow SSL Analyze Same as Follow TCP Stream but for SSL XXX add a Stream new section describing this better Copy Summary Text Copy the summary fields as displayed to the clipboard as tab separated text Copy Summary CSV Copy the summary fields as displayed to the clipboard as comma separated text Copy As Filter Prepare a display filter based on the currently selected item and copy that filter to the clipboard Copy Bytes Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard in hexdump like Offset Hex Text format Copy Bytes Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard in hexdump like Offset Hex format but without the text portion Copy Bytes Copy the packet
146. d rerun configure Troubleshooting hints gt are provided in Section 2 6 Troubleshooting during the install on Unix 4 Build the sources into a binary with the make command For example make 5 Install the software in its final destination using the command make install Once you have installed Wireshark with make install above you should be able to run it by entering wireshark 2 5 Installing the binaries under UNIX 2 5 1 In general installing the binary under your version of UNIX will be specific to the installation methods used with your version of UNIX For example under AIX you would use smit to install the Wireshark binary package while under Tru64 UNIX formerly Digital UNIX you would use setld Installing from rpm s under Red Hat and alike Use the following command to install the Wireshark RPM that you have downloaded from the Wireshark web site rpm ivh wireshark 1 9 i386 rpm If the above step fails because of missing dependencies install the dependencies first and then retry the step above See Example 2 3 Installing required RPMs under Red Hat Linux 6 2 and beyond for information on what RPMs you will need to have installed Building and Installing Wireshark 2 5 2 Installing from deb s under Debian Ubuntu and other Debian derivatives If you can just install from the repository then use aptitude install wireshark aptitude should take care of all of the dependency
147. dependent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary
148. displaying them in a separate process This is the same as Update list of packets in real time in the Capture Options dialog box This option sets the format of packet timestamps that are displayed in the packet list window The format can be one of e rrelative which specifies timestamps are displayed relative to the first packet captured e aabsolute which specifies that actual times be displayed for all packets e ad absolute with date which specifies that actual dates and times be displayed for all packets e d delta which specifies that timestamps are relative to the previous packet e e epoch which specifies that timestamps are seconds since epoch Jan 1 1970 00 00 00 The v option requests Wireshark to print out its version information and exit This option sets the name of the savefile to be used when saving a capture file 144 Customizing Wireshark 10 3 y lt capture link type gt If a capture is started from the command line with k set the data link type to use while capturing packets The values reported by L are the values that can be used X lt eXtension option gt Specify an option to be passed to a TShark module The eXtension option is in the form extension_key value where extension_key can be lua_script lua_script_filename Tells Wireshark to load the given script in addition to the default Lua scripts Z lt statistics string gt Get Wireshark to collect various types of sta
149. ds The Fields Table of this dissector 11 10 5 4 proto prefs The preferences of this dissector 11 10 5 5 proto init The init routine of this dissector a function you define 11 10 5 6 proto name The name given to this dissector 11 10 5 7 proto description The description given to this dissector 11 10 6 ProtoField A Protocol field to be used when adding items to the dissection tree 11 10 6 1 ProtoField new name abbr type voidstring base mask descr Creates a new field to be used in a protocol 11 10 6 1 1 Arguments name Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree 181 Lua Support in Wireshark abbr type voidstring optional base optional mask optional descr optional 11 10 6 1 2 Returns Filter name of the field the string that is used in filters Field Type one of ftypes NONE ftypes PROTOCOL ftypes BOOLEAN ftypes UINTS8 ftypes UINT 16 ftypes UINT24 ftypes UINT32 ftypes UINT64 ftypes INT8 ftypes INT16 ftypes INT24 ftypes INT32 ftypes INT64 ftypes FLOAT ftypes DOUBLE ftypes ABSOLUTE_TIME ftypes RELATIVE_TIME ftypes STRING ftypes STRINGZ ftypes UINT_STRING ftypes ETHER ftypes BYTES ftypes UINT_BYTES ftypes IPv4 ftypes IPv6 ftypes IPXNET ftypes FRAMENUM ftypes PCRE ftypes GUID ftypes OID ftypes EUI64 A VoidString object The representation one of base NONE base DEC base HEX base OCT base DEC_HEX base HEX _D
150. duced i Some capture formats may not be available depending on the packet types captured File formats can be converted a You can convert capture files from one format to another by reading in a capture file and writing it out using a different format 5 Click on the Save Ok button to accept your selected file and save to it If Wireshark has a problem saving the captured packets to the file you specified it will display an error dialog box After clicking OK on that error dialog box you can try again 6 Click on the Cancel button to go back to Wireshark and not save the captured packets Output File Formats Wireshark can save the packet data in its native file format libpcap and in the file formats of some other protocol analyzers so other tools can read the capture data A File formats have different time stamp accuracies Saving from the currently used file format to a different format may reduce the time stamp accuracy see the Section 7 4 Time Stamps for details The following file formats can be saved by Wireshark with the known file extensions e libpcap tcpdump and various other tools using tcpdump s capture format pcap cap dmp Accellent 5Views 5vw e HP UX s nettl TRCO TRC1 Microsoft Network Monitor NetMon cap e Network Associates Sniffer DOS cap enc trc fdc syc e Network Associates Sniffer Windows cap e Network Instruments Observer version 9 bf
151. e a and Selected Stream index 5 Colorize Conversation gt Or Selected Sequence number 0 relative sequ TF f and not Selected Header length 28 bytes Follow TCP Stream or not Selected Follow UDF yr window size 64240 low SSL Strear v gt Copy n ia 0000 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 Ob 5d 20 cd 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO i3 Decode As 0020 00 O1 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 00 a 0030 fa fO 27 eQ 00 00 02 04 05 b4 ol amp Print Show Packet in New Window File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 Profile Default The following table gives an overview of which functions are available in this pane where to find the corresponding function in the main menu and a short description of each item 96 Working with captured packets Table 6 2 The menu items of the Packet List pop up menu Item Identical to main Description menu s item Mark Packet Edit Mark unmark a packet toggle Ignore Packet Edit Ignore or inspect this packet while dissecting the capture file toggle Set Time Edit Set reset a time reference Reference toggle Manually Allows you to enter a name to resolve for the selected Resolve Address address Apply as Filter Analyze Prepare and apply a display filter based on the currently selected item Prepare a Filter Analyze Prepare a display filter base
152. e Specific Trap Types SNMP Users snmp_users Section 10 18 SNMP users Table User DLTs Table user_dlts Section 10 20 User DLTs protocol table IKEv 2 decryption table ikev2_decryption_table Section 10 11 IKEv2 decryption table Changed dissector assignments decode_as_entries which can be set in Decode As dialog box Section 10 4 2 User Specified Decodes and further saved in the User Specified Decodes window Section 10 4 3 Show User Specified Decodes 152 Customizing Wireshark e Some recent settings recent such as pane sizes in the Main window Section 3 3 The Main window column widths in the packet list Section 3 18 The Packet List pane all selections in the View menu Section 3 7 The View menu and the last directory navigated to in the File Open dialog Ej Other configurations All other configurations are stored in the personal configuration folder and are common to all profiles Figure 10 10 The configuration profiles dialog box Wireshark Configuration Profiles Profile Wireless gt ox Edit Configuration Profiles Default New Tactical analysis Compare traffic Only IP and TCP LE Copy No reassembly Qpexlete Properties Profile name Wireless Help of Apply cancel of OK New This button adds a new profile to the prof
153. e ee eee eeeee 122 TOs CHECKSUMS nyen getev ates wevaneasanndoeeds duiedelrnavenn Bonde salen pa dened a NE B EN 123 7 8 1 Wireshark checksum validation ccceceeeceeceeceeeeeceeeecaeeeeaeeneeaeeneeas 123 1 8 22 Checksum offloading resies seacraveusd adase enews readonpenuedenscead anaa t 123 8 Sfat SCS dee oe ave Sie yee yee Uae pred E E E Ty edad BIRT a one ota een pes 125 Sel Introduction esei ag E conser tenn E EEEE NE 125 8 27 The Summary Window en os eons cee E E E A EA E IS 125 8 3 The Protocol Hierarchy window ssesessseessesesrrerrsrrerrrrererrerrreresrrerrsreerrrees 126 8 4 Conversations enon erer EE E EE ER pE E EE i 128 8 4 1 What is a Conversation soes enon E aE EEEE NEEESE 128 8 4 2 The Conversations Window ssssssesseseseererereresresesesrerererereseereses 128 8 4 3 The protocol specific Conversation List windows seeseesceseerrsrrerreees 129 825 End pomts a e E E E E EE a E siya eB Shee a EA EES 129 8 5 1 What isan Endpoint peresitene enet Een N O EES NEEE NEE eens 129 8 5 2 The Endpoints Window oeoa a E EA ES EEE E EAEE 130 8 5 3 The protocol specific Endpoint List Windows sseeseseeescresrresrrerrrerrres 130 8 6 The IO Graphs window sresninpoi cerere e a Ea E T EEE E E EE eee 131 8 7 S rvice Response TIME srr eos et eo EE op wee tens NE E E a Ea TNE A E dey 132 8 7 1 The Service Response Time DCE RPC window esseesseeereeeesrerrer
154. e file s can be found in Appendix A Files and Folders Table 4 1 Capture file mode selected by capture options File option Use multiple Ring buffer with Mode Resulting files option n files option filename s used Single temporary wiresharkXXXXXX file where XXXXXX is a unique number foo cap Single named file foo cap foo cap xX Multiple files foo_00001_20100205 1 10102 cap continuous foo_00002_2010020511 10318 cap foo cap x X Multiple files fo0_00001_2010020511 10102 cap ring buffer foo_00002_20100205 1 10318 cap Single temporary file Single named file Multiple files continuous Multiple files ring buffer A temporary file will be created and used this is the default After the capturing is stopped this file can be saved later under a user specified name A single capture file will be used If you want to place the new capture file to a specific folder choose this mode Like the Single named file mode but a new file is created and used after reaching one of the multiple file switch conditions one of the Next file every values Much like Multiple files continuous reaching one of the multiple files switch conditions one of the Next file every values will switch to the next file This will be a newly created file if value of Ring buffer with n files is not reached otherwise it will replace the oldest of the form
155. e files Do not send large files gt 100KB to the mailing lists just place a note that further data is available on request Large files will only annoy a lot of people on the list who are not interested in your specific problem If required you will be asked for further data by the persons who really can help you i Don t send confidential information If you send captured data to the mailing lists be sure they don t contain any sensitive or confidential information like passwords or such Introduction 1 6 7 Reporting Crashes on UNIX Linux platforms When reporting crashes with Wireshark it is helpful if you supply the traceback information besides the information mentioned in Reporting Problems You can obtain this traceback information with the following commands gdb whereis wireshark cut f2 d cut d f2 core gt amp bt txt backtrace D P Note a Type the characters in the first line verbatim Those are back tics there P Note a backtrace is a gdb command You should enter it verbatim after the first line shown above but it will not be echoed The D Control D that is press the Control key and the D key together will cause gdb to exit This will leave you with a file called bt txt in the current directory Include the file with your bug report P Note a If you do not have gdb available you will have to check out your operating system s debugger You should mail the tracebac
156. e format is ready and Wireshark can use it Libpcap File Contents At the start of each libpcap capture file some basic information is stored like a magic number to identify the libpcap file format The most interesting information of this file start is the link layer type Ethernet Token Ring The following data is saved for each packet e the timestamp with millisecond resolution e the packet length as it was on the wire the packet length as it s saved in the file e the packet s raw bytes A detailed description of the libpcap file format can be found at http wiki wireshark org Development LibpcapFileFormat Not Saved in the Capture File Probably even more interesting for everyday Wireshark usage is to know the things that are not saved in the capture file e current selections selected packet e name resolution information see Section 7 7 Name Resolution for details A Warning The name resolution information is rebuilt each time Wireshark is restarted so this information might even change when the capture file is reopened on the same machine later e the number of packets dropped while capturing e packet marks set with Edit Mark Packet e time references set with Edit Time Reference 202 Files and Folders e the current display filter A 2 Configuration Files and Folders Wireshark uses a number of files and folders while it is running Some of these reside in the personal
157. e internals of Wireshark See Section 3 14 The Internals menu This menu contains items to help the user e g access to some basic help manual pages of the various command line tools online access to some of the webpages and the usual about dialog See Section 3 15 The Help menu Each of these menu items is described in more detail in the sections that follow Tip 3 You can access menu items directly or by pressing the corresponding accelerator keys which are shown at the right side of the menu For example you can press the Control or Strg in German and the K keys together to open the capture dialog 3 5 The File menu The Wireshark file menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 2 File menu items 21 User Interface Figure 3 3 The File Menu Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 7 Source port ncu 2 3196 Destination port http C80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Header length 28 bytes amp window size value 64240 0000 00 09 Sb 2d 75 9a 00 Ob 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 0020 QQ 01 Oc 7c O00 50 3c 36 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 5d 20 cd 61 2c cO 95 f8 00 05 b4 0l Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Crelative sequence number ira test cap o K File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Sta
158. e must be the same for both fields 11 6 2 8 fieldinfo name The name of this field 11 6 2 9 fieldinfo label The string representing this field 11 6 2 10 fieldinfo value The value of this field 11 6 2 11 fieldinfo len The length of this field 164 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 6 2 12 fieldinfo offset The offset of this field 11 6 3 Non Method Functions 11 6 3 1 all_ field_infos Obtain all fields from the current tree 11 6 3 1 1 Errors e Cannot be called outside a listener or dissector 11 7 GUI support 11 7 1 ProgDlig Manages a progress bar dialog 11 7 1 1 ProgDlg new title task Creates a new TextWindow 11 7 1 1 1 Arguments title optional Title of the new window defaults to Progress task optional Current task defaults to 11 7 1 1 2 Returns The newly created TextWindow object 11 7 1 2 progdig update progress task Appends text 11 7 1 2 1 Arguments progress Part done e g 0 75 task optional Current task defaults to 11 7 1 2 2 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be called for something not a ProgDlg e Progress value out of range must be between 0 0 and 1 0 11 7 1 3 progdig stopped Checks wheher the user has pressed the stop button 11 7 1 3 1 Returns true if the user has asked to stop the progress 165 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 7 1 3 2 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a ProgDlg 11 7 1 4 progdlg clo
159. e packet data String Find a string in the packet data with various options The value to be found will be syntax checked while you type it in If the syntax check of your value succeeds the background of the entry field will turn green if it fails it will turn red You can choose the search direction e Up Search upwards in the packet list decreasing packet numbers e Down Search downwards in the packet list increasing packet numbers The Find Next command Find Next will continue searching with the same options used in the last Find Packet The Find Previous command Find Previous will do the same thing as Find Next but with reverse search direction 6 9 Go to a specific packet 6 9 1 6 9 2 6 9 3 You can easily jump to specific packets with one of the menu items in the Go menu The Go Back command Go back in the packet history works much like the page history in current web browsers The Go Forward command Go forward in the packet history works much like the page history in current web browsers The Go to Packet dialog box Figure 6 10 The Go To Packet dialog box Wireshark Go To Packet DER Packet number 123 108 Working with captured packets This dialog box will let you enter a packet number When you press OK Wireshark will jump to that packet 6 9 4 The Go to Corresponding Packet command If a protocol field is selected which points to another p
160. e protocol specific statistics windows DHCP Colledtd See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows Compare See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows Flow Graph See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows HTTP HTTP request response statistics see Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows IP Addresses See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows IP Destinations IP Protocol Types See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows ONC RPC See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows Programs Sametime See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows TCP Stream Graph UDP Multicast Streams See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows See Section 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows WLAN Traffic See Section 8 9 WLAN Traffic Statistics 3 12 The Telephony menu The Wireshark Telephony menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 9 Telephony menu items 35 User Interface Figure 3 10 The Telephony Menu a test cap File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Dos CE T E E SEERE A A IAX2 X 1 0
161. e resolve flags gt interface C lt config profile gt d lt display filter gt g lt packet number gt J lt jump filter gt m lt font gt t adlalr d ddle u s hms X lt key gt lt value gt z lt statistics gt Output w lt outfile gt Miscellaneous h v P lt key gt lt path gt 0o lt name gt lt value gt K lt keytab gt display DISPLAY see the source for copying conditions not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE options There is NO lt infile gt name or idx of interface def first non loopback packet filter in libpcap filter syntax packet snapshot length def 65535 don t capture in promiscuous mode start capturing immediately def do nothing update packet display when new packets are captured turn on automatic scrolling while S is in use capture in monitor mode if available size of kernel buffer def 1MB link layer type def first appropriate print list of interfaces and exit print list of link layer types of iface and exit stop after n packets def infinite duration NUM stop after NUM seconds filesize NUM stop this file after NUM KB files NUM stop after NUM files duration NUM filesize NUM files NUM switch to next file after NUM secs switch to next file after NUM KB ringbuffer replace after NUM files set the filename to read from no pipes or stdin packet filter in Wireshark display filter sy
162. e span is outside the Tvb s range the creation will cause a runtime error 11 12 4 1 tvb range offset length Creates a tvbr from this Tvb This is used also as the Tvb __call metamethod 11 12 4 1 1 Arguments offset optional The offset in octets from the begining of the Tvb Defaults to 0 length optional The length in octets of the range Defaults to until the end of the Tvb 11 12 4 1 2 Returns The TvbRange 11 12 4 2 tvbrange uint Get a Big Endian network order unsigned integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 2 3 or 4 octets long 11 12 4 2 1 Returns The unsigned integer value 11 12 4 3 tvbrange le_uint Get a Little Endian unsigned integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 2 3 or 4 octets long 11 12 4 3 1 Returns The unsigned integer value 11 12 4 4 tvbrange uint64 Get a Big Endian network order unsigned 64 bit integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 8 octets long 11 12 4 5 tvbrange le_uint64 Get a Little Endian unsigned 64 bit integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 8 octets long 11 12 4 6 tvbrange int Get a Big Endian network order signed integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 2 or 4 octets long 195 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 12 4 6 1 Returns The signed integer value 11 12 4 7 tvbrange le_int Get a Little Endian signed integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 2 or 4 octets long 11 12 4 7 1 Returns The signed integer
163. each packet is truncated because most versions of tcpdump will by default only capture the first 68 or 96 bytes of each packet To ensure that you capture complete packets use the following command tcpdump i lt interface gt s 65535 w lt some file gt You will have to specify the correct interface and the name of a file to save into In addition you will have to terminate the capture with C when you believe you have captured enough packets Ea Note tcpdump is not part of the Wireshark distribution You can get it from http www tcpdump org for various platforms D 4 dumpcap Capturing with dumpcap for viewing with Wireshark Dumpcap is a network traffic dump tool It captures packet data from a live network and writes the packets to a file Dumpcap s native capture file format is libpcap format which is also the format used by Wireshark tcpdump and various other tools Without any options set it will use the pcap library to capture traffic from the first available network interface and write the received raw packet data along with the packets time stamps into a libpcap file Packet capturing is performed with the pcap library The capture filter syntax follows the rules of the pcap library 216 Related command line tools Example D 2 Help information available from dumpcap Dumpcap 1 9 0 SVN Rev 47047 from trunk Capture network packets and dump them into a pcapng file See http www wireshark
164. ed capture files into a single output file e Capinfos Capinfos is a program that provides information on capture files e Rawshark Rawshark is a raw packet filter User s Guide Local installation of the User s Guide The Help buttons on most dialogs will require an internet connection to show help pages if the User s Guide is not installed locally 2 8 1 2 Additional Tasks page e Start Menu Shortcuts add some start menu shortcuts e Desktop Icon add a Wireshark icon to the desktop e Quick Launch Icon add a Wireshark icon to the Explorer quick launch toolbar e Associate file extensions to Wireshark Associate standard network trace files to Wireshark 2 8 1 3 Install WinPcap page The Wireshark installer contains the latest released WinPcap installer If you don t have WinPcap installed you won t be able to capture live network traffic but you will still be able to open saved capture files e Currently installed WinPcap version the Wireshark installer detects the currently installed WinPcap version e Install WinPcap x x if the currently installed version is older than the one which comes with the Wireshark installer or WinPcap is not installed at all this will be selected by default e Start WinPcap service NPF at startup so users without administrative privileges can capture More WinPcap info e Wireshark related http wiki wireshark org WinPcap e General WinPcap info http Awww winpcap
165. ed for something not a TextWindow Expired TextWindow 11 7 2 6 textwindow clear Erases all text in the window 11 7 2 6 1 Returns The TextWindow object 167 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 7 2 6 2 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow e Expired TextWindow 11 7 2 7 textwindow get_text Get the text of the window 11 7 2 7 1 Returns The TextWindow s text 11 7 2 7 2 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow e Expired TextWindow 11 7 2 8 textwindow set_editable editable Make this window editable 11 7 2 8 1 Arguments editable optional A boolean flag defaults to true 11 7 2 8 2 Returns The TextWindow object 11 7 2 8 3 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow e Expired TextWindow 11 7 2 9 textwindow add_button label function 11 7 2 9 1 Arguments label The label of the button function The function to be called when clicked 11 7 2 9 2 Returns The TextWindow object 11 7 2 9 3 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 168 Lua Support in Wireshark e Expired TextWindow 11 7 3 Non Method Functions 11 7 3 1 gui_enabled Checks whether the GUI facility is enabled 11 7 3 1 1 Returns A boolean true if it is enabled false if it isn t 11 7 3 2 register_menu name action group Register a menu item in one of the main menus
166. eeeeeeeee es 81 5 7 2 The Export as PostScript File dialog bOX 2 0 0 0 cece eeseceeeeeeeeneees 83 5 7 3 The Export as CSV Comma Separated Values File dialog box 85 5 7 4 The Export as C Arrays packet bytes file dialog box eee 85 5 7 5 The Export as PSML File dialog bOX 0 ee eee ceeece teen eeca tenn eenes 85 5 7 6 The Export as PDML File dialog box 20 0 0 eee cee ce ee ce eeeeeeeeeeenees 87 5 7 7 The Export selected packet bytes dialog bOX 0 0 00 eects ee eeee teen ees 89 5 7 8 The Export Objects dialog DOX eee eee eee cee ceeeceeeceeeeneeeaeeea eens eeaes 90 5 8 Printing packets orenen iee e edd E a s ec ta ited aatee A EE Eie a ES 91 2 81 The Print dialog BOX Jassen ao pa ea Sea gests otess soos a aS sees 91 5 9 The Packet Range frames sisao or E E tu gay Sab tied aaa ceed teres 92 5 10 The Packet Format frames sacs 03 icee season reed e a E a A RES leerss the 92 6 Working with captured packets 2 0 0 0 cece cc eecc ence eceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeaeeeaeeea sean eeags 94 6 1 Viewing packets you have captured 2 0 0 0 eee cece ee ce ence eeceeeeeeeeaeeeueeeaeeaeeeaes 94 6 2 Pop p menusi ose adel Wy ean Ge ak Sieg Oe ose ae oo ein ec des Sn co EE ee es 95 6 2 1 Pop up menu of the Packet List column header eee eee eens 95 6 2 2 Pop up menu of the Packet List pane esseessseesssresrrseesrerrsrrerrsrrerreees 96 6 2 3
167. eees 157 10 20 User DET s protocol table srr e enn eae etiden E E Walesa teedtescienddcs 158 11 Lua Support in Wireshark spenr cece ec ec cece cece ne cen EE E SE A SEEE TEE ES 159 PTs Introduction 3 s s o5s5veugasey bos sabe pe eesncesv ee iabos seem dees E E piveweb pees EE NAER 159 11 2 Example of Dissector written in Lua 20 0 0 eee ee cece eeceeeceeecn seen eeeu sean eeaes 159 11 3 Example of Listener written in Lua cece cece ce neeeeece neces eeeeeeseneeenes 160 11 4 Wireshark s Lua API Reference Manual 00 cce cece cece cece ecee seen eee neeeeeeeees 161 11 5 Saving Capture fles nyse nea os arches des deceit opt sinc desee bee ni a evesd techy aE ey Sead 161 TLS As DUM Per ais teste hese Merle ovis est Mats Gefen eed due dase ENA teat 161 V3 22 PSCUdOHE ACER rc irine a esden E E E a NEE E 162 11 6 Obtaining dissection data 20 0 0 cee cece ence cece ce eene een eeneeeeeeeeeeeesaeeeaeeeaes 163 VOD PIC used sc uiscranchycoeadeshwen sess veom ages brawesey atede sy ened euseen we Sangh tee tes stead esgees tats 163 16 27 Fieldinfon min aa oy ale fas aa aa eE E ee oe een E beak 164 11 6 3 Non Method Functions 20 0 0 cece cece see i n cen a a e ii 165 LET GUL Support mia rasie ek AoT cast hha eae EE AEE E EE EA KE ERN 165 TL 7 1 ProgDl o o a a eek ace a a ee aE e E RNE ESNE EE 165 TL72 TextWindo W sesira na E ins R T AE EE 166 T173 Non Method Functions seirinin e EERE EE 169 11 8 Post dissection pac
168. elds are specially displayed e Generated fields Wireshark itself will generate additional protocol fields which are surrounded by brackets The information in these fields is derived from the known context to other packets in the capture file For example Wireshark is doing a sequence acknowledge analysis of each TCP stream which is displayed in the SEQ ACK analysis fields of the TCP protocol e Links If Wireshark detected a relationship to another packet in the capture file it will generate a link to that packet Links are underlined and displayed in blue If double clicked Wireshark jumps to the corresponding packet 3 20 The Packet Bytes pane The packet bytes pane shows the data of the current packet selected in the Packet List pane in a hexdump style Figure 3 18 The Packet Bytes pane 0000 Tff Tt Tf ff ff ff 00 Ob Sd 20 cd 02 08 06 OO OL eee ee J we eeee 0010 08 OO 06 04 00 01 00 Ob Sd 20 cd 02 cO aS 00 O2 eeeee J sse 0020 00 00 00 00 00 00 cO as 00 02 gt assesses ss As usual for a hexdump the left side shows the offset in the packet data in the middle the packet data is shown in a hexadecimal representation and on the right the corresponding ASCII characters or if not appropriate are displayed Depending on the packet data sometimes more than one page is available e g when Wireshark has reassembled some packets into a single chunk of data see Section 7 6 Packet Reassembling In this case
169. ems sorsia tire ep e AE R E REE ES 7 1 6 7 Reporting Crashes on UNIX Linux platforms sseesseeeeseesreeerrerrsrrerrereene 8 1 6 8 Reporting Crashes on Windows platforms eeeeeeeeeeeeeereeeererrrerererreerreeree 8 2 Building and Installing Wireshark 0 0 cee cence eee ce seca ceca cena eeae esas eeneeeneeeneeeees 9 2 1 Introd ction oes Hog see tee ei dees e eset ase e Sawer eden thee don sgueSee eee condeun ones IEEE 9 2 2 Obtaining the source and binary distributions 2 2 0 0 eee cece eee ce ee ee teen eeeeeeeaees 9 2 3 Before you build Wireshark under UNIX 0 cceeeecseeceneeeeeeececueeeeueeeeeeeeeuneeeees 10 2 4 Building Wireshark from source under UNIX 1 00 0 ccc ee eee cece cece ceneeeneeeeeeeeees 11 2 5 Installing the binaries under UNIX 00 000 cece cece cc ence eeee ence eeceeeeeeeeaeeeaeenneeaes 12 2 5 1 Installing from rpm s under Red Hat and alike eee eens 12 2 5 2 Installing from deb s under Debian Ubuntu and other Debian derivatives 13 2 5 3 Installing from portage under Gentoo Linux cece eeee ee ee cece eeeen eens 13 2 5 4 Installing from packages under FreeBSD 0 cece eee cece ceteceeeee eee neees 13 2 6 Troubleshooting during the install on Unix cece eeec cn eeceeeeeeeneeeneeeenees 13 2 7 Building from source under Windows csecseceecneeeeceeeeeceeeecaeeeeaeeeeaeeeeaees 14 2 8 Installing Wireshark under Windows
170. ents filename The name of the file to be opened filter A filter to be applied as the file gets opened 11 7 3 7 get_filter Get the main filter text 11 7 3 8 set_filter text Set the main filter text 11 7 3 8 1 Arguments text The filter s text 11 7 3 9 set_color_filter_slot row text Set packet coloring rule for the current session 11 7 3 9 1 Arguments TOW The index of the desired color in the temporary coloring rules list text Display filter for selecting packets to be colorized 11 7 3 10 apply_filter Apply the filter in the main filter box 11 7 3 11 reload Reload the current capture file 11 7 3 12 browser_open_url url Open an url in a browser 11 7 3 12 1 Arguments url The url 11 7 3 13 browser_open_data_file filename Open an file in a browser 170 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 7 3 13 1 Arguments filename The url 11 8 Post dissection packet analysis 11 8 1 Listener A Listener is called once for every packet that matches a certain filter or has a certain tap It can read the tree the packet s Tvb eventually the tapped data but it cannot add elements to the tree 11 8 1 1 Listener new tap filter Creates a new Listener listener 11 8 1 1 1 Arguments tap optional The name of this tap filter optional A filter that when matches the tap packet function gets called use nil to be called for every packet 11 8 1 1 2 Returns The newly created Listener listener o
171. eparated only by a and a name separated by whitespace While the address must be a full IPv4 address any values beyond the mask length are subsequently ignored An example is Comments must be prepended by the sign 192 168 0 0 24 ws_test_network A partially matched name will be printed as subnet name remaining address For example 192 168 0 1 under the subnet above would be printed as ws test network 1 if 206 Files and Folders ipxnets plugins folder temp folder the mask length above had been 16 rather than 24 the printed address would be ws_test_network 0 1 The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview to translate IPX network numbers into names An example is CO A8 2C 00 HR c0 a8 1c 00 CEO 00 00 BE EF IT_Serverl 110f FileServer3 The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark Wireshark searches for plugins in the directories listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview They are searched in the order listed If you start a new capture and don t specify a filename for it Wireshark uses this directory to store that file see Section 4 11 Capture files and file modes A 2 1 Protocol help configuration Wireshark can use configuration files to create context sensiti
172. er than frame len gt 10 It lt Less than frame len lt 128 ge gt Greater than or equal to frame len ge 0x100 le lt Less than or equal to frame len lt 0x20 In addition all protocol fields are typed Table 6 5 Display Filter Field Types provides a list of the types and example of how to express them Table 6 5 Display Filter Field Types Type Example Unsigned integer 8 bit 16 bit 24 bit 32 bit You can express integers in decimal octal or hexadecimal The following display filters are equivalent ip len le 1500 ip len le 02734 ip len le 0x436 Signed integer 8 bit 16 bit 24 bit 32 bit 102 Working with captured packets 6 4 3 Type Example Boolean A boolean field is present in the protocol decode only if its value is true For example tep flags syn is present and thus true only if the SYN flag is present in a TCP segment header Thus the filter expression tep flags syn will select only those packets for which this flag exists that is TCP segments where the segment header contains the SYN flag Similarly to find source routed token ring packets use a filter expression of tr sr Ethernet address 6 bytes Separators can be a colon dot or dash and can have one or two bytes between separators eth dst ff ff ff ff ff ff eth dst ff ff ff ff ff ff eth dst ffff ffff ffff
173. erly used files thus forming a ring This mode will limit the maximum disk usage even for an unlimited amount of capture input data keeping the latest captured data 4 12 Link layer header type In the usual case you won t have to choose this link layer header type The following paragraphs describe the exceptional cases where selecting this type is possible so you will have a guide of what to do If you are capturing on an 802 11 device on some versions of BSD this might offer a choice of Ethernet or 802 11 Ethernet will cause the captured packets to have fake Ethernet headers 802 11 will cause them to have IEEE 802 11 headers Unless the capture needs to be read by an application that doesn t support 802 11 headers you should select 802 11 65 Capturing Live Network Data 4 13 If you are capturing on an Endace DAG card connected to a synchronous serial line this might offer a choice of PPP over serial or Cisco HDLC if the protocol on the serial line is PPP select PPP over serial and if the protocol on the serial line is Cisco HDLC select Cisco HDLC If you are capturing on an Endace DAG card connected to an ATM network this might offer a choice of RFC 1483 IP over ATM or Sun raw ATM If the only traffic being captured is RFC 1483 LLC encapsulated IP or if the capture needs to be read by an application that doesn t support SunATM headers select RFC 1483 IP over ATM otherwise select S
174. ers dialog box colorfilters This file contains all the color filters that you have defined and saved It consists of one or more lines where each line has the following format lt filter name gt lt filter string gt lt bg RGB 16 bit gt lt fg RGB 16 bit gt The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Coloring Rules dialog box disabled_protos Each line in this file specifies a disabled protocol name The following are some examples tcp udp The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Enabled Protocols dialog box ethers When Wireshark is trying to translate Ethernet hardware addresses to names it consults the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview If an address is not found in etc ethers Wireshark looks in HOME wireshark ethers Each line in these files consists of one hardware address and name separated by whitespace The digits of hardware addresses are separated by colons dashes or periods The following are some examples EE E EE E EEEE Broadcast cO 00 ff ff ff ff TR_broadcast 00 2b 08 93 4b al Freds_machine The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark manuf Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview to transl
175. eshark DICOM DICOM object list which is discussed further in Section 5 7 8 The Export Objects dialog box Export gt This menu item allows you to export all or some of the captured Objects gt SMB SMB objects into local files It pops up the Wireshark SMB object list which is discussed further in Section 5 7 8 The Export Objects dialog box Print Ctrl P This menu item allows you to print all or some of the packets in the capture file It pops up the Wireshark Print dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 8 Printing packets 23 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Quit Ctr1 Q This menu item allows you to quit from Wireshark Wireshark will ask to save your capture file if you haven t previously saved it this can be disabled by a preference setting 3 6 The Edit menu The Wireshark Edit menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 3 Edit menu items Figure 3 4 The Edit Menu Wtest cap aE eg File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help _ cory p F 2 BE amp a a mia mmx g 3 Eind Packet Ctrl F TA A Filter l Expression Clear Appl Find Next Ctrl N No Find Previous Ctrl 6 Protocol Length Info ARP 42 Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 2 CF Mark Packet toggle Ctrl M gt 9 Toggle Marking OF All Displayed Packets Shift Ctrl Alt M Mark All Displayed Packets Shif
176. et e Marked packets only process only the marked packets e From first to last marked packet process the packets from the first to the last marked one e Specify a packet range process a user specified range of packets e g specifying 5 10 15 20 will process the packet number five the packets from packet number ten to fifteen inclusive and every packet from number twenty to the end of the capture 5 10 The Packet Format frame The packet format frame is a part of various output related dialog boxes It provides options to select which parts of a packet should be used for the output function Figure 5 20 The Packet Format frame Packet Format V Packet summary line v Packet details O All collapsed As displayed O All expanded Packet bytes Each packet on a new page e Packet summary line enable the output of the summary line just as in the Packet List pane e Packet details enable the output of the packet details tree 92 File Input Output and Printing e All collapsed the info from the Packet Details pane in all collapsed state e As displayed the info from the Packet Details pane in the current state e All expanded the info from the Packet Details pane in all expanded state e Packet bytes enable the output of the packet bytes just as in the Packet Bytes pane e Each packet on a new page put each packet on a separate page e g when saving printing to a
177. ets as UTC values UN X systems and Windows NT based systems Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP Server 2003 Vista Server 2008 7 represent time internally as UTC When Wireshark is capturing no conversion is necessary However if the system time zone is not set correctly the system s UTC time might not be correctly set even if the system clock appears to display correct local time Windows 9x based systems Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Me represent time internally as local time When capturing WinPcap has to convert the time to UTC before supplying it to Wireshark If the system s time zone is not set correctly that conversion will not be done correctly Other capture file formats such as the Microsoft Network Monitor DOS based Sniffer and Network Instruments Observer formats save the arrival time of packets as local time values Internally to Wireshark time stamps are represented in UTC this means that when reading capture files that save the arrival time of packets as local time values Wireshark must convert those local time values to UTC values Wireshark in turn will display the time stamps always in local time The displaying computer will convert them from UTC to local time and displays this local time For capture files saving the arrival time of packets as UTC values this means that the arrival time will be displayed as the local time in your time zone which might not be the same as the arrival time in the time zone in which
178. etting gt r lt infile gt R lt read display filter gt s lt capture snaplen gt S t lt time stamp format gt V w lt savefile gt Special path settings usually detected automatically This is used for special cases e g starting Wireshark from a known location on an USB stick The criterion is of the form key path where key is one of persconf path path of personal configuration files like the preferences files persdata path path of personal data files it s the folder initially opened After the initialization the recent file will keep the folder last used This option forces Wireshark to exit when capturing is complete It can be used with the c option It must be used in conjunction with the i and w options This option provides the name of a capture file for Wireshark to read and display This capture file can be in one of the formats Wireshark understands This option specifies a display filter to be applied when reading packets from a capture file The syntax of this filter is that of the display filters discussed in Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing Packets not matching the filter are discarded This option specifies the snapshot length to use when capturing packets Wireshark will only capture lt snaplen gt bytes of data for each packet This option specifies that Wireshark will display packets as it captures them This is done by capturing in one process and
179. etwork name resolution Enable transport name resolution 4 5 6 Buttons This option allows you to control whether or not Wireshark translates MAC addresses into names see Section 7 7 Name Resolution This option allows you to control whether or not Wireshark translates network addresses into names see Section 7 7 Name Resolution This option allows you to control whether or not Wireshark translates transport addresses into protocols see Section 7 7 Name Resolution Once you have set the values you desire and have selected the options you need simply click on Start to commence the capture or Cancel to cancel the capture If you start a capture Wireshark allows you to stop capturing when you have enough packets captured for details see Section 4 14 While a Capture is running 4 6 The Edit Interface Settings dialog box If you double click on an interface in Figure 4 3 The Capture Options dialog box the following dialog box pops up Figure 4 4 The Edit Interface Settings dialog box T Edit Interface Settings Capture Interface Intel R PRO 1000 MT Network Connection Device PF _ 5A064798 6A61 4599 IP address 200 2 0d4c9 795e 0 7584 eb62 4211 6705 Linktayer header type ethernet Capture packets in promiscuous mode Limit each packet to e5535 bytes Buffer size F F megabyte s Capture Fiter 54 Capturing Live Netw
180. eviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 23 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 188 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 10 6 24 ProtoField ubytes abbr name desc 11 10 6 24 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 24 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 25 ProtoField guid abbr name desc 11 10 6 25 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 25 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 26 ProtoField oid abbr name desc 11 10 6 26 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 26 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 27 ProtoField bool abbr name desc 11 10 6 27 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actu
181. ew Coloring selected conversation Rule Coloring This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to color Rules packets in the packet list pane according to filter expressions you choose It can be very useful for spotting certain types of packets see Section 10 3 Packet colorization Show Packet in This menu item brings up the selected packet in a separate New Window window The separate window shows only the tree view and byte view panes Reload Ctrl R This menu item allows you to reload the current capture file 3 8 The Go menu The Wireshark Go menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 5 Go menu items 29 User Interface Figure 3 6 The Go Menu ira test cap J o K File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help Filter a No 41 025 11 1 226156 stream index Header length oo00 00 09 Sb 2d 0010 00 30 18 48 0020 00 01 Oc 7c 0030 fa fO 27 e0 Previous Packet Next Packet In Conversation window size value Back Goto Packet Corresponding Packet Next Packet Ctrl Down F First Packet ceictonie bi 54 v3 Membership Report Join group amp Last Packet Ctrl End Previous Packet In Conversation Ctrl 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 1 Alt Left FL SS AQQnisUsxlB Expression Clea Protocol Length Info ARP 42 Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 2 Alt Right Appl
182. ew WinPcap beta version was released Additional WinPcap versions including newer alpha or beta releases can be downloaded from the following locations e The main WinPcap site http www winpcap org e The Wiretapped net mirror http www mirrors wiretapped net security packet capture winpcap At the download page you will find a single installer exe called something like auto installer which can be installed under various Windows systems including NT4 0 2000 XP 2003 Vista 7 2008 Update Wireshark From time to time you may want to update your installed Wireshark to a more recent version If you join Wireshark s announce mailing list you will be informed about new Wireshark versions see Section 1 6 5 Mailing Lists for details how to subscribe to this list New versions of Wireshark usually become available every 4 to 8 months Updating Wireshark is done the same way as installing it you simply download and start the installer exe A reboot is usually not required and all your personal settings remain unchanged Update WinPcap New versions of WinPcap are less frequently available maybe only once in a year You will find WinPcap update instructions where you can download new WinPcap versions Usually you have to reboot the machine after installing a new WinPcap version fi Warning If you have an older version of WinPcap installed you must uninstall it before installing the current version Recent versions of
183. f on your system a program doing a network capture must be run from an account with special privileges for example as root then if Wireshark is run with the D flag and is not run from such an account it will not list any interfaces This option sets the initial capture filter expression to be used when capturing packets After reading in a capture file using the r flag go to the given packet number The h option requests Wireshark to print its version and usage instructions as shown above and exit Set the name of the network interface or pipe to use for live packet capture Network interface names should match one of the names listed in wireshark D described above a number as reported by wireshark D can also be used If you re using UNIX netstat i or ifconfig a might also work to list interface names although not all versions of UNIX support the a flag to ifconfig If no interface is specified Wireshark searches the list of interfaces choosing the first non loopback interface if there are any non loopback interfaces and choosing the first loopback interface if there are no non loopback interfaces if there are no interfaces Wireshark reports an error and doesn t start the capture Pipe names should be either the name of a FIFO named pipe or to read data from the standard input Data read from pipes must be in standard libpcap format After reading in a capture file using the r flag jump to the
184. fied L3PID in HEX Example e 0x806 to specify an ARP packet prepend dummy IP header with specified IP protocol in DECIMAL Automatically prepends Ethernet header as well Example i 46 prepend dummy UDP header with specified dest and source ports in DECIMAL Automatically prepends Ethernet amp IP headers as well Example u 1000 69 to make the packets look like TFTP UDP packets prepend dummy TCP header with specified dest and source ports in DECIMAL Automatically prepends Ethernet amp IP headers as well Example T 50 60 prepend dummy SCTP header with specified dest source ports and verification tag in DECIMAL Automatically prepends Ethernet amp IP headers as well Example s 30 40 34 prepend dummy SCTP header with specified dest source ports and verification tag 0 Automatically prepends a dummy SCTP DATA chunk header with payload protocol identifier ppi Example S 30 40 34 display this help and exit show detailed debug of parser states generate no output at all automatically turns off d use PCAP NG instead of PCAP as output format 226 Related command line tools D 10 idl2wrs Creating dissectors from CORBA IDL files In an ideal world idl2wrs would be mentioned in the users guide in passing and documented in the developers guide As the developers guide has not yet been completed it will be documented here D 10 1 What is i
185. field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 4 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 5 ProtoField uint32 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 5 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 5 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 6 ProtoField uint64 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 6 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree 183 Lua Support in Wireshark base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 6 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a Pr
186. fields shown in Table 3 4 View menu items Figure 3 5 The View Menu Wtest cap SAX File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help d p l s E Wel Y tan Toobar F ZFS QAQQn BURKE Se Filter Toolbar s vv ji Grin 3l Kop Filter Wireless Toolbar iv Expression No v Statusbar Protocol iLength Info a ARP 2 Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 v Packet List C v Packet Details n r 4 IGMP 54 v3 Membership Report Join group v Packet Bytes Time Display Format b Date and Time of Day 1970 01 01 01 02 03 123456 Ctrl Alt 1 c Name Resolution Time of Day 01 02 03 123456 Ctri at 2 y i i f Colniza Racketitist Seconds Since Epoch 1970 01 01 1234567890 123456 Ctrl Alt 3 v in Li yconf w004 Auto Scroll in Live Capture o Seconds Since Beginning of Capture 123 123456 Ctrl Alt 4 J 0 win 6424 Q Zoom In Ctrl Seconds Since Previous Captured Packet 1 123456 Ctrl Alt 5 lt seq 0 Ack Q Zoom Out Ctrl Seconds Since Previous Displayed Packet 1 123456 Ctrl Alt 6 gt 1 2 i Frame Q Normal Size Cilts e Automatic File Format Precision Ethert F Resize All Columns Shift Ctrl R 79a Inter Displayed Columns gt Seconde 10 Transt Deciseconds 0 1 souj Centiseconds 0 12 7 Des Expand All Ctrl Right ii Sti Collapse All Ctrl Left iraltseconcsy iiag segi Microseconds 0 123456 Heat Colorize Convers
187. files Its main function is to remove packets from capture files but it can also be used to convert capture files from one format to another as well as to print information about capture files 219 Related command line tools Example D 5 Help information available from editcap Editcap 1 9 0 SVN Rev 47047 from trunk Edit and or translate the format of capture files See http www wireshark org for more information Usage editcap options lt infile gt lt outfile gt lt packet gt lt packet gt lt infile gt and lt outfile gt must both be present A single packet or a range of packets can be selected Packet selection f keep the selected packets default is to delete them A lt start time gt only output packets whose timestamp is after or equal to the given time format as YYYY MM DD hh mm ss B lt stop time gt only output packets whose timestamp is before the given time format as YYYY MM DD hh mm ss Duplicate packet removal d remove packet if duplicate window 5 D lt dup window gt remove packet if duplicate configurable lt dup window gt Valid lt dup window gt values are 0 to 1000000 NOTE A lt dup window gt of 0 with v verbose option is useful to print MD5 hashes w lt dup time window gt remove packet if duplicate packet is found EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN lt dup time window gt prior to current packet A lt dup time window gt is specified in relative seconds
188. for handling packet data 11 12 1 ByteArray 11 12 1 1 ByteArray new hexbytes Creates a ByteArray Object 11 12 1 1 1 Arguments hexbytes optional A string consisting of hexadecimal bytes like 00 B1 A2 or La2b3c4d 191 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 12 1 1 2 Returns The new ByteArray object 11 12 1 2 bytearray __concat first second Concatenate two ByteArrays 11 12 1 2 1 Arguments first First array second Second array 11 12 1 2 2 Returns The new composite ByteArray 11 12 1 2 3 Errors Both arguments must be ByteArrays 11 12 1 3 bytearray prepend prepended Prepend a ByteArray to this ByteArray 11 12 1 3 1 Arguments prepended Array to be prepended 11 12 1 3 2 Errors e Both arguments must be ByteArrays 11 12 1 4 bytearray append appended Append a ByteArray to this ByteArray 11 12 1 4 1 Arguments appended Array to be appended 11 12 1 4 2 Errors Both arguments must be ByteArrays 11 12 1 5 bytearray set_size size Sets the size of a ByteArray either truncating it or filling it with zeros 11 12 1 5 1 Arguments size New size of the array 11 12 1 5 2 Errors e ByteArray size must be non negative 11 12 1 6 bytearray set_index index value Sets the value of an index of a ByteArray 192 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 12 1 6 1 Arguments index The position of the byte to be set value The char value to set 0 255 11 12 1 7 bytearray get_index index Get the value of a byte in a ByteAr
189. formats are even capable of storing the time stamp precision itself whatever the benefit may be The common libpcap capture file format that is used by Wireshark and a lot of other tools supports a fixed microsecond resolution 0 123456 only 116 Advanced Topics P Note Writing data into a capture file format that doesn t provide the capability to store the actual precision will lead to loss of information Example If you load a capture file with nanosecond resolution and store the capture data to a libpcap file with microsecond resolution Wireshark obviously must reduce the precision from nanosecond to microsecond 7 4 3 Accuracy It s often asked Which time stamp accuracy is provided by Wireshark Well Wireshark doesn t create any time stamps itself but simply gets them from somewhere else and displays them So accuracy will depend on the capture system operating system performance that you use Because of this the above question is difficult to answer in a general way P Note USB connected network adapters often provide a very bad time stamp accuracy The incoming packets have to take a long and winding road to travel through the USB cable until they actually reach the kernel As the incoming packets are time stamped when they are processed by the kernel this time stamping mechanism becomes very inaccurate Conclusion don t use USB connected NIC s when you need precise time stamp accuracy
190. frames 185 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 10 6 12 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 12 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 13 ProtoField bool abbr name display string mask desc 11 10 6 13 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree display optional how wide the parent bitfield is base NONE is used for NULL value string optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 13 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 14 ProtoField absolute_time abbr name base desc 11 10 6 14 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base LOCAL base UTC or base DOY_UTC desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 14 2 Returns A protof
191. frequently so it will be useful even if you open it before or while you are doing a live capture The protocol specific Endpoint List windows Before the combined window described above was available each of its pages was shown as a separate window Even though the combined window is much more convenient to use these separate windows 130 Statistics are still available The main reason is that they might process faster for very large capture files However as the functionality is exactly the same as in the combined window they won t be discussed in detail here 8 6 The IO Graphs window User configurable graph of the captured network packets You can define up to five differently colored graphs Figure 8 5 The IO Graphs window Wireshark IO Grapher http peap moa 250 TEET T L EEE E T 0 Os 10s 20s 30s Graphs X Axis Graph 1 Color MJ Filter Style Line Tick interval l sec Graph 2 Color MJ Eiter http Style Line Pixels per tick 10 EE i A Graph 3 Color BZ Filter Style Line s FY Axis Graph 4 Color M4 Filter Style Line gt Unit Packets Tick Graph 5 Color BZ Filter Style Line gt Scale Auto telp EH Copy E save fg close The user can configure the following things e Graphs e Graph 1 5 enable
192. g Pstination Protocol iLength Info top 1 0 000000 m _ roadcast ARP A Restar 168 0 2 NBNS C Capture Filters 4 1 025659 I92 I168 0 Z2 54 v3 Membership Report Join group 42 Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 2 CF Ti 2 226156 e e E a 192 168 0 1 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 v m gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 COO O0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 E Source port ncu 2 3196 E Destination port http C80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number Header length 28 bytes window size value 64240 v 000A AQ 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 Ob Sd 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 salies f we Bs 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO a amp OO 02 cO ag 0 H a ee 0020 QQ 01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 aise is PEG oieee p 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 ee eee File Cijtest cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 000 Profile Default Table 3 6 Capture menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Interfaces Ctrl I This menu item brings up a dialog box that shows what s going on at the network interfaces Wireshark knows of see Section 4 4 The Capture Interfaces dialog box Options Ctrl K This menu item brings up
193. get the latest content you ll have to reopen the dialog You can choose from the following actions 1 Save As Save the stream data in the currently selected format 2 Print Print the stream data in the currently selected format 3 Direction Choose the stream direction to be displayed Entire conversation data from A to B only or data from B to A only 4 Filter out this stream Apply a display filter removing the current TCP stream data from the display 5 Close Close this dialog box leaving the current display filter in effect You can choose to view the data in one of the following formats 1 ASCII In this view you see the data from each direction in ASCII Obviously best for ASCII based protocols e g HTTP 2 EBCDIC For the big iron freaks out there 3 HEX Dump This allows you to see all the data This will require a lot of screen space and is best used with binary protocols 4 C Arrays This allows you to import the stream data into your own C program 5 Raw This allows you to load the unaltered stream data into a different program for further examination The display will look the same as the ASCII setting but Save As will result in a binary file 7 3 Expert Infos The expert infos is a kind of log of the anomalies found by Wireshark in a capture file The general idea behind the following Expert Info is to have a better display of uncommon or just notable network behaviour This way both n
194. hark provides a simple but powerful display filter language that allows you to build quite complex filter expressions You can compare values in packets as well as combine expressions into more specific expressions The following sections provide more information on doing this Tip LJ You will find a lot of Display Filter examples at the Wireshark Wiki Display Filter page at http wiki wireshark org DisplayFilters 101 Working with captured packets 6 4 1 Display filter fields 6 4 2 Every field in the packet details pane can be used as a filter string this will result in showing only the packets where this field exists For example the filter string tep will show all packets containing the tcp protocol There is a complete list of all filter fields available through the menu item Help Supported Protocols in the page Display Filter Fields of the Supported Protocols dialog XXX add some more info here and a link to the statusbar info Comparing values You can build display filters that compare values using a number of different comparison operators They are shown in Table 6 4 Display Filter comparison operators Tip iy You can use English and C like terms in the same way they can even be mixed in a filter string Table 6 4 Display Filter comparison operators English C like Description and example eq Equal ip src 10 0 0 5 ne Not equal ip src 10 0 0 5 gt gt Great
195. hark uses this table to map specific trap values to user defined descriptions in a Trap PDU The description is shown in the packet details specific trap element This table is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields Enterprise OID The object identifier representing the object generating the trap Trap Id An Integer representing the specific trap code Description The description to show in the packet details 10 18 SNMP users Table Wireshark uses this table to verify authentication and to decrypt encrypted SNMPv3 packets This table is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields Engine ID If given this entry will be used only for packets whose engine id is this This field takes an hexadecimal string in the form 0102030405 Username This is the userName When a single user has more than one password for different SNMP engines the first entry to match both is taken if you need a catch all engine id empty that entry should be the last one Authentication model Which auth model to use either MD5 or SHA1 Password The authentication password Use xDD for unprintable characters An hexadecimal password must be entered as a sequence of xDD characters For example the hex password 010203040506 must be entered as x01 x02 x03 x04 x05 x06 Privacy protocol Which encryption algorithm to use either DES or AES Privacy password The privacy password Use xDD
196. he Go Forward command cee ceee cece c eee ce ee ceeeceeeeeeeeaeeea eens eeneeeas 108 6 9 3 The Go to Packet dialog bOX 0 eee cee e cence cn ee ce eeceeeae eens eeneeeneeeneees 108 6 9 4 The Go to Corresponding Packet command cece ceee eee eeeeee teen es 109 6 9 5 The Go to First Packet command 1 0 00 0 cece cece eee cence eeee teen seen sean eeaes 109 6 9 6 The Go to Last Packet command 1 0 0 0 cece cece eee ceeeeeeeee teen tena eens eeues 109 6 10 Marking packets ae oo e r a E E E E os Gap eect EEEE ESRAS Sey 109 GAL Tenong packets meern vag e e A a e e e ea a EESE gout 109 6 12 Time display formats and time references sseeessseerseesrrrrerrrrrerrerrrrrerrereereee 110 612 1 Packet time referencing srno e nnne a E ASE ESEE pe sete shea ETE Es 110 7 Adyanced TOpiCsiisscc euetees rekbsgue aevbeende sea ec ad eteebaortaepeveiee a vedsiuager Aeon ass edeiaees eno 112 Tle IMtrOMU CH ON riene ven sasdae idee eit Sad coee gaceh yeas hes deen ses tenet fees seb dacwodousbesgeuneden sewed datas 112 7 2 Following TCP streams eree yeti eeee es eee eet lee ives Rade 112 7 2 1 The Follow TCP Stream dialog bOX 20 0 0 cece eeecee cence eee eeeeeeeeees 112 7 3 Expert MIOS a5 2 sh2 0 sede pub nesaven rE ASE e aed eE dased buen a OTA 113 23 1 Expert IMO Entries motse a a aa da ohn udaemteeee seen e eaen a ats 113 L325 Expert Into dial pens rea e yew E E a E EERS 115 7 3 3 Colorized
197. he captured frames P Note In monitor mode the adapter might disassociate itself from the network it was associated to Capture Filter This field allows you to specify a capture filter Capture filters are discussed in more details in Section 4 13 Filtering while capturing It defaults to empty or no filter You can also click on the button labeled Capture Filter and Wireshark will bring up the Capture Filters dialog box and allow you to create and or select a filter Please see Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters Compile BPF This button allows you to compile the capture filter into BPF code and pop up a window showing you the resulting pseudo code This can help in understanding the working of the capture filter you created 4 7 The Compile Results dialog box This figure shows the compile results of the selected interfaces 56 Capturing Live Network Data Figure 4 5 The Compile Results dialog box AOO x Compile selected BPFs O Lc 2 O01 jeq 0x1 jt 2 en2 002 dh o loo 003 jeq 0x0 jt 4 004 Ldh 12 005 jeq 0x86dd jt 6 006 Ldb 20 007 jeq 0x84 jt 10 008 jeq 0x6 jt 10 009 jeq 0x11 jt 10 010 Ldh 54 011 jeq Ox4d2 jt 26 012 Ldh 56 013 jeq Ox4d2 jt 26 014 jeq 0x800 jt 15 015 Ldb 23 016 jeq 0x84 jt 19 017 jeq 0x6 jt 19 018 jeq 0x11 jt 19 919 Ldh 20 020 jset Ox1t tt jt 27 921 Ldxb 4 14 amp
198. he formated date 11 13 2 3 format_time timestamp Formats a relative timestamp in a human readable form 11 13 2 3 1 Arguments timestamp A timestamp value to convert 11 13 2 3 2 Returns A string with the formated time 11 13 2 4 report_failure text Reports a failure to the user 11 13 2 4 1 Arguments text Message 11 13 2 5 critical Will add a log entry with critical severity 11 13 2 5 1 Arguments objects to be printed 11 13 2 6 warn Will add a log entry with warn severity 11 13 2 6 1 Arguments objects to be printed 11 13 2 7 message Will add a log entry with message severity 11 13 2 7 1 Arguments objects to be printed 11 13 2 8 info Will add a log entry with info severity 11 13 2 8 1 Arguments objects to be printed 200 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 13 2 9 debug Will add a log entry with debug severity 11 13 2 9 1 Arguments objects to be printed 11 13 2 10 loadfile filename Lua s loadfileQ has been modified so that if a file does not exist in the current directory it will look for it in wireshark s user and system directories 11 13 2 10 1 Arguments filename Name of the file to be loaded 11 13 2 11 dofile filename Lua s dofile has been modified so that if a file does not exist in the current directory it will look for it in wireshark s user and system directories 11 13 2 11 1 Arguments filename Name of the file to be run 11 13 2 12 persconffile_path filename
199. he hard disk and keep the dialog open e The Cancel button will restore all preferences settings to the last saved state 150 Customizing Wireshark Figure 10 8 The preferences dialog box Wireshark Preferences DER User Interface Layout Packet list selection mode Selects v Columns Font Colors Protocol tree selection mode Selects v Save window position Capture Printing Save window size Name Resolution Save maximized state Protocols Open a console window Automatic advanced user Y File Open dialog behavior Remember last directory O Always start in Directory File Open preview timeout Open Recent max list entries Ask for unsaved capture files Wrap to end beginning of file during a find 10 5 1 Interface Options In the Capture preferences it is possible to configure several options for the interfaces available on your computer Select the Capture pane and press the Interfaces Edit button In this window it is possible to change the default link layer header type for the interface add a comment or choose to hide a interface from other parts of the program Figure 10 9 The interface options dialog box Wireshark Preferences Interface Options NPronlen Deraule rof Interfaces Device Description Default link layer Comment Hide any Pseudo device that captures on all interfaces Linux cooked mode capture No lo Ether
200. ialog box discussed further in Section 4 3 Start al Options Capture Options This item brings up the Capture Options dialog box discussed further in Section 4 3 Start Capturing and allows you to start capturing packets Start Capture Start This item starts capturing packets with the options form the last time e Qi Stop Capture Stop This item stops the currently running live capture process Section 4 3 Start Capturing a Restart Capture Restart This item stops the currently running live capture process and restarts it again for convenience PS Open File Open This item brings up the file open dialog box that allows you to load a capture file for viewing It is discussed in more detail in Section 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog box A Save As File Save As This item allows you to save the current capture file to whatever file you would like It pops up the Save Capture File As dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog box P Note If you currently have a temporary capture file the Save icon will be shown instead 40 User Interface Live Capture in Live Capture Toolbar Toolbar Item Corresponding Description Icon Menu Item x Close File Close This item closes the current capture If you have not saved the capture you will be as
201. idually displayed and surrounded with a space Each line begins with an offset describing the position in the file The offset is a hex number can also be octal see o of more than two hex digits Here is a sample dump that text2pcap can recognize 000000 00 e0 le a7 05 6f 00 10 000008 5a a0 b9 12 08 00 46 00 000010 03 68 00 00 00 00 Oa 2e 000018 ee 33 Of 19 08 7 OF 19 000020 03 80 94 04 00 00 10 OI 000028 16 a2 0a 00 03 50 00 Oc 000030 01 01 Of 19 03 80 11 OI There is no limit on the width or number of bytes per line Also the text dump at the end of the line is ignored Bytes hex numbers can be uppercase or lowercase Any text before the offset is ignored including email forwarding characters gt Any lines of text between the bytestring lines is ignored The offsets are used to track the bytes so offsets must be correct Any line which has only bytes without a leading offset is ignored An offset is recognized as being a hex number longer than two characters Any text after the bytes is ignored e g the character dump Any hex numbers in this text are also ignored An offset of zero is indicative of starting a new packet so a single text file with a series of hexdumps can be converted into a packet capture with multiple packets Multiple packets are read in with timestamps differing by one second each In general short of these restrictions text2pcap is pretty liberal abo
202. ield float abbr name desc 11 10 6 19 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 187 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 10 6 19 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 20 ProtoField double abbr name desc 11 10 6 20 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 20 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 21 ProtoField string abbr name desc 11 10 6 21 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 21 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 22 ProtoField stringz abbr name desc 11 10 6 22 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 22 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 23 ProtoField bytes abbr name desc 11 10 6 23 1 Arguments abbr Abbr
203. ield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 15 ProtoField relative_time abbr name desc 11 10 6 15 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters 186 Lua Support in Wireshark name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 15 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 16 ProtoField ipv4 abbr name desc 11 10 6 16 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 16 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 17 ProtoField ipv6 abbr name desc 11 10 6 17 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 17 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 18 ProtoField ether abbr name desc 11 10 6 18 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 18 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 19 ProtoF
204. iles list The name of the created profile is New profile and can be changed in the Properties field Copy This button adds a new profile to the profiles list copying all configuration from the profile currently selected in the list The name of the created profile is the same as the copied profile with the text copy applied The name can be changed in the Properties field Delete This button deletes the selected profile including all configuration files used in this profile It is not possible to delete the Default profile Configuration Profiles You can select a configuration profile from this list which will fill in the profile name in the fields down at the bottom of the dialog box Profile name You can change the name of the currently selected profile here P Used as a folder name The profile name will be used as a folder name in the configured Personal configurations folder If adding multiple profiles with the same name only one profile will be created 153 Customizing Wireshark 10 7 10 8 10 9 P Illegal characters On Windows the profile name cannot start or end with a period and cannot contain any of the following characters lt gt l On Unix the profile name cannot contain the character OK This button saves all changes applies the selected profile and closes the dialog Apply This button saves all changes applies the selected profile and keeps the dialog o
205. ility of Wireshark We hope that you find it useful and look forward to your comments 2 Who should read this document The intended audience of this book is anyone using Wireshark This book will explain all the basics and also some of the advanced features that Wireshark provides As Wireshark has become a very complex program since the early days not every feature of Wireshark may be explained in this book This book is not intended to explain network sniffing in general and it will not provide details about specific network protocols A lot of useful information regarding these topics can be found at the Wireshark Wiki at http wiki wireshark org By reading this book you will learn how to install Wireshark how to use the basic elements of the graphical user interface such as the menu and what s behind some of the advanced features that are not always obvious at first sight It will hopefully guide you around some common problems that frequently appear for new and sometimes even advanced users of Wireshark 3 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the whole Wireshark team for their assistance In particular the authors would like to thank e Gerald Combs for initiating the Wireshark project and funding to do this documentation e Guy Harris for many helpful hints and a great deal of patience in reviewing this document e Gilbert Ramirez for general encouragement and helpful hints along the way The author
206. ill discard unsaved settings 6 7 Defining and saving filter macros You can define filter macros with Wireshark and give them labels for later use This can save time in remembering and retyping some of the more complex filters you use XXX add an explanation of this 6 8 Finding packets You can easily find packets once you have captured some packets or have read in a previously saved capture file Simply select the Find Packet menu item from the Edit menu Wireshark will pop up the dialog box shown in Figure 6 9 The Find Packet dialog box 6 8 1 The Find Packet dialog box Figure 6 9 The Find Packet dialog box Wireshark Find Packet rFind By Display filter Hex value String Filter rSearch In gt rString Options Direction O up Down You might first select the kind of thing to search for e Display filter Simply enter a display filter string into the Filter field select a direction and click on OK 107 Working with captured packets 6 8 2 6 8 3 For example to find the three way handshake for a connection from host 192 168 0 1 use the following filter string ip src 192 168 0 1 and tcp flags syn 1 For more details on display filters see Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing e Hex Value Search for a specific byte sequence in the packet data For example use 00 00 to find the next packet including two null bytes in th
207. ill try to load a file named init lua in the user s directory Wireshark will also load all files with Jua suffix from both the global and the personal plugins directory The command line option X lua_script lt file lua gt can be used to load Lua scripts as well The Lua code will be executed once after all the protocol dissectors have being initialized and before reading any file 11 2 Example of Dissector written in Lua do local p_multi Proto multi MultiProto local vs_protos 2 mtp2 3 mtp3 4 alcap 5 h248 6 ranap 7 rnsap 8 nbap local f_proto ProtoField uint8 multi protocol Protocol base DEC vs_protos local f_dir ProtoField uint8 multi direction Direction base DEC 1 incoming local f_text ProtoField string multi text Text p_multi fields f_proto f_dir f_text local data_dis Dissector get data local protos 2 Dissector get mtp2 3 Dissector get mtp3 4 Dissector get alcap 5 Dissector get h248 6 Dissector get ranap 7 Dissector get rnsap 8 Dissector get nbap 9 Dissector get rre 10 DissectorTable get Sctp ppi get_dissector 3 m3ua 11 DissectorTable get ip proto get_dissector 132 sctp 159 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 3 function p_multi dissector buf pkt root local t root add p_multi buf 0 2 t ad
208. ilter will select protocols of type arp Once you have entered these values you can choose a foreground and background color for packets that match the filter expression Click on Foreground color or Background color to achieve this and Wireshark will pop up the Choose foreground background color for protocol dialog box as shown in Figure 10 3 The Choose color dialog box Figure 10 3 The Choose color dialog box Wireshark Choose background color for Hue 214 Red 214 Saturation 16 Green 231 Value 100 Blue 255 Color Name D6E7FF Ed You must select a color in the colorbar next to the colorwheel to load values into the RGB values Alternatively you can set the values to select the color you want Figure 10 4 Using color filters with Wireshark shows an example of several color filters being used in Wireshark You may not like the color choices however feel free to choose your own 146 Customizing Wireshark If you are uncertain which coloring rule actually took place for a specific packet have a look at the Coloring Rule Name and Coloring Rule String fields Figure 10 4 Using color filters with Wireshark test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help Gweaeew oBx al Reve Fz SE Eter h fp Expression Yi clear Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 1 0 000000 192 168 0 2 Broadcast EGRA Gratuit
209. indow and if it is active for the MAC layer Only show existing networks will exclude probe requests with a SSID not matching any network from the list The copy button will copy the list values to the clipboard in CSV Comma Separated Values format Tip iy This window will be updated frequently so it will be useful even if you open it before or while you are doing a live capture 8 10 The protocol specific statistics windows The protocol specific statistics windows display detailed information of specific protocols and might be described in a later version of this document Some of these statistics are described at the http wiki wireshark org Statistics pages 135 Chapter 9 Telephony 9 1 Introduction Wireshark provides a wide range of telephony related network statistics which can be accessed via the Telephony menu These statistics range from specific signaling protocols to analysis of signaling and media flows If encoded in a compatible encoding the media flow can even be played 9 2 RTP Analysis The RTP analysis function takes the selected RTP stream and the reverse stream if possible and generates a list of statistics on it Figure 9 1 The RTP Stream Analysis window O Wireshark RTP Stream Analysis Forward Direction Reversed Direction Analysing stream from 10 1 3 143 port 5000 to 10 1 6 18 port 2006 SSRC OxDEEOEES8F Pacl Seque Delta r Filtered Jitte Skew ms IP BW k Mark St
210. ing optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 9 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 10 ProtoField int32 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 10 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 10 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 11 ProtoField int64 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 11 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 11 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 12 ProtoField framenum abbr name base valuestring mask desc A frame number for hyperlinks between
211. int or float is to be treated as a Little Endian Value 11 11 1 3 1 Returns The child item 11 11 1 4 treeitem set_text text Sets the text of the label 11 11 1 4 1 Arguments text The text to be used 11 11 1 5 treeitem append_text text Appends text to the label 190 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 11 1 5 1 Arguments text The text to be appended 11 11 1 6 treeitem set_expert_flags group Severity Sets the expert flags of the item 11 11 1 6 1 Arguments group optional One of PI CHECKSUM PI_SEQUENCE PI_RESPONSE_CODE PI_LREQUEST_CODE PI_LUNDECODED PI_REASSEMBLE PI_MALFORMED or PI_LDEBUG severity optional One of PI_CHAT PI_LNOTE PI_LWARN PI_ERROR 11 11 1 7 treeitem add_expert_info group severity text Sets the expert flags of the item and adds expert info to the packet 11 11 1 7 1 Arguments group optional One of PI CHECKSUM PI_LSEQUENCE PI_RESPONSE_CODE PI_LREQUEST_CODE PI_UNDECODED PI_REASSEMBLE PI_MALFORMED or PI_DEBUG severity optional One of PI_CHAT PI_NOTE PI_WARN PI_LERROR text optional The text for the expert info 11 11 1 8 treeitem set_generated Marks the TreeItem as a generated field with data infered but not contained in the packet 11 11 1 9 treeitem set_hidden Should not be used 11 11 1 10 treeitem set_len len Set TreeItem s length inside tvb after it has already been created 11 11 1 10 1 Arguments len The length to be used 11 12 Functions
212. inux GTK version gt 2 4 This is the common Gimp GNOME file save dialog plus some Wireshark extensions Specific for this dialog e Clicking on the at Browse for other folders will allow you to browse files and folders in your file system Figure 5 6 Save old GTK version Wireshark Save Capture File As Create Dir Delete File Rename File acnclude m4 aclocal flags aipcaph akpcap_loades c arpcap_loades h aipcap_loades obi alert_box c alert_box h alert_box obj AUTHORS Al packets v Selected packet only iui p kets only w From first to le wv Specily a packet range File ype Wireshatk Acpdump pcap Selection D aSa subversion OK Cancel Unix Linux GTK version lt 2 4 This is the file save dialog of former Gimp GNOME versions plus some Wireshark extensions 74 File Input Output and Printing 5 3 2 With this dialog box you can perform the following actions 1 Type in the name of the file you wish to save the captured packets in as a standard file name in your file system 2 Select the directory to save the file into 3 Select the range of the packets to be saved see Section 5 9 The Packet Range frame 4 Specify the format of the saved capture file by clicking on the File type drop down box You can choose from the types described in Section 5 3 2 Output File Formats P The selection of capture formats may be re
213. invalid checksum features like packet reassembling won t be processed This is avoided as incorrect connection data could confuse the internal database 7 8 2 Checksum offloading The checksum calculation might be done by the network driver protocol driver or even in hardware 123 Advanced Topics For example The Ethernet transmitting hardware calculates the Ethernet CRC32 checksum and the receiving hardware validates this checksum If the received checksum is wrong Wireshark won t even see the packet as the Ethernet hardware internally throws away the packet Higher level checksums are traditionally calculated by the protocol implementation and the completed packet is then handed over to the hardware Recent network hardware can perform advanced features such as IP checksum calculation also known as checksum offloading The network driver won t calculate the checksum itself but will simply hand over an empty zero or garbage filled checksum field to the hardware Fal Note a Checksum offloading often causes confusion as the network packets to be transmitted are handed over to Wireshark before the checksums are actually calculated Wireshark gets these empty checksums and displays them as invalid even though the packets will contain valid checksums when they leave the network hardware later Checksum offloading can be confusing and having a lot of invalid messages on the screen can be quite annoying As mentioned abo
214. ion 4 11 Capture files and file modes the capture data is spread over several capture files called a file set As it can become tedious to work with a file set by hand Wireshark provides some features to handle these file sets in a convenient way 79 File Input Output and Printing How does Wireshark detect the files of a file set A filename in a file set uses the format Prefix_Number_DateTimeSuffix which might look like this test_00001_20060420183910 pcap All files of a file set share the same prefix e g test and suffix e g pcap and a varying middle part To find the files of a file set Wireshark scans the directory where the currently loaded file resides and checks for files matching the filename pattern prefix and suffix of the currently loaded file This simple mechanism usually works well but has its drawbacks If several file sets were captured with the same prefix and suffix Wireshark will detect them as a single file set If files were renamed or spread over several directories the mechanism will fail to find all files of a set The following features in the File Set submenu of the File menu are available to work with file sets in a convenient way e The List Files dialog box will list the files Wireshark has recognized as being part of the current file set e Next File closes the current and opens the next file in the file set e Previous File closes the current and opens the p
215. ion can be found at _http wwp greenwichmeantime com and http www timeanddate com worldclock Set your computer s time correctly If you work with people around the world it s very helpful to set your computer s time and time zone right You should set your computers time and time zone in the correct sequence 1 Set your time zone to your current location 2 Set your computer s clock to the local time This way you will tell your computer both the local time and also the time offset to UTC Tip T If you travel around the world it s an often made mistake to adjust the hours of your computer clock to the local time Don t adjust the hours but your time zone setting 118 Advanced Topics instead For your computer the time is essentially the same as before you are simply in a different time zone with a different local time Tip a You can use the Network Time Protocol NTP to automatically adjust your computer to the correct time by synchronizing it to Internet NTP clock servers NTP clients are available for all operating systems that Wireshark supports and for a lot more for examples see http www ntp org 7 5 2 Wireshark and Time Zones So what s the relationship between Wireshark and time zones anyway Wireshark s native capture file format libpcap format and some other capture file formats such as the Windows Sniffer EtherPeek AiroPeek and Sun snoop formats save the arrival time of pack
216. ipboard Copy gt Value Shift Ctrl V This menu item will copy the value of the selected item in the detail view to the clipboard Copy gt _ As Shift Ctrl C This menu item will use the selected item in the detail view Filter to create a display filter This display filter is then copied to the clipboard Find Packet Ctrl F This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to find a packet by many criteria There is further information on finding packets in Section 6 8 Finding packets 24 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Find Next Ctrl N This menu item tries to find the next packet matching the settings from Find Packet Find Previous Ctrl B This menu item tries to find the previous packet matching the settings from Find Packet Mark Packet Ctrl M This menu item marks the currently selected packet See toggle Section 6 10 Marking packets for details Toggle Shift Ctrl1 Alt M This menu item toggles the mark on all displayed packets Marking Of All Displayed Packets Mark All Shift Ctrl M This menu item marks all displayed packets Displayed Packets Unmark All Ctrl Alt M This menu item unmarks all displayed packets Displayed Packets Find Next Shift Ctrl N Find the next marked packet Mark Find Previous Shift Ctrl B Find the previous marked packet Mark Ignore Packet Ctrl D
217. is not completely filled up filesize value Switch to the next file after it reaches a size of value kilobytes where a kilobyte is 1000 bytes not 1024 bytes files value Begin again with the first file after value number of files were written form a ring buffer Win32 only set capture buffer size in MB default is 1MB This is used by the capture driver to buffer packet data until that data can be written to disk If you encounter packet drops while capturing try to increase this size This option specifies the maximum number of packets to capture when capturing live data It would be used in conjunction with the k option 141 Customizing Wireshark D f lt capture filter gt g lt packet number gt h i lt capture interface gt J lt jump filter gt Print a list of the interfaces on which Wireshark can capture and exit For each network interface a number and an interface name possibly followed by a text description of the interface is printed The interface name or the number can be supplied to the i flag to specify an interface on which to capture This can be useful on systems that don t have a command to list them e g Windows systems or UNIX systems lacking ifconfig a the number can be useful on Windows 2000 and later systems where the interface name is a somewhat complex string Note that can capture means that Wireshark was able to open that device to do a live capture i
218. is section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License 8 If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 9 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new version
219. k to the wireshark dev AT wireshark org mailing list 1 6 8 Reporting Crashes on Windows platforms The Windows distributions don t contain the symbol files pdb because they are very large For this reason it s not possible to create a meaningful backtrace file from it You should report your crash just like other problems using the mechanism described above Chapter 2 Building and Installing Wireshark 2 1 Introduction As with all things there must be a beginning and so it is with Wireshark To use Wireshark you must e Obtain a binary package for your operating system or e Obtain the source and build Wireshark for your operating system Currently several Linux distributions ship Wireshark but they are commonly shipping an out of date version No other versions of UNIX ship Wireshark so far and Microsoft does not ship it with any version of Windows For that reason you will need to know where to get the latest version of Wireshark and how to install it This chapter shows you how to obtain source and binary packages and how to build Wireshark from source should you choose to do so The following are the general steps you would use 1 Download the relevant package for your needs e g source or binary distribution 2 Build the source into a binary if you have downloaded the source This may involve building and or installing other necessary packages 3 Install the binaries into their final destinations 2
220. ked to save it first Reload View Reload This item allows you to reload the current capture file Print File Print This item allows you to print all or some of the packets in the capture file It pops up the Wireshark Print dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 8 Printing packets Find Packet Edit Find Packet This item brings up a dialog box that allows you to find a packet There is further information on finding packets in Section 6 8 Finding packets 4 Go Back Go Go Back This item jumps back in the packet history gt Go Forward Go Go Forward This item jumps forward in the packet history 3 Go to Packet Go Go to Packet This item brings up a dialog box that allows you to specify a packet number to go to that packet a Go To First Go First Packet This item jumps to the first packet of the capture Packet file g Go To Last Go Last Packet This item jumps to the last packet of the capture Packet file Colorize View Colorize Colorize the packet list or not Auto Scroll in View Auto Scroll Auto scroll packet list while doing a live capture or not Zoom In View Zoom In Zoom into the packet data increase the font size Zoom Out View Zoom Out Zoom out of the packet data decrease the font size Normal Size View Normal Size Set zoom level back to 100 Resize Columns View Resize Columns Resize columns so the content fits into them
221. ket analysis sseeessseeseesessserrssrerrerrsrreeesreererreersreererees 171 T181 Listener no eie E e EES EE ERA EN E EES IED ENESE 171 11 9 Obtaining packet information e ssssersseesrrsrssrerrsrrerrsrrsrrrresrrrrerrerrsreerrereset 171 9 Address iernat E aa aaa IE hae ae iter Mo deny ant E ANES 171 TL92 COUM neee E E E A E N E a E NS 172 T193 COMMS y n a nE e E e AE E AEEKO 173 TL9 ANS TME i en E E E sae E E EAS 173 T9 SPINE ienie a A R ate EE E O E E nee sant 174 I E A a AVEIA e10 IEEE EA E S E E E A 177 11 10 Functions for writing dissectors eeeeeeeeeeeesereesererrresersrreerrrerteerterrrerereeee 177 TULA OST DISSecto in ae aroe a a E TE A tn e eae eee 177 11 102 Dissector Lable sni edn nee a E aE EEE A REA RS 177 PUT Ol3 3 Pref e a E E N ON EEN EE 179 VE AO Asc Prefs nye nE op a e EA E Sumas np I E AEO EENI NES 180 TE10 5 Protone an essa E Red sees E E T T ERT 181 T1 10 6 ProtoField grien e n E A R EE EST 181 11 10 7 Non Method Functions 0 00 00 cece cece eceeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeseeeeaeeeaes 190 11 11 Adding information to the dissection tree 1 0 00 cece eee cence eee ece nner eeeee eee 190 LUT Treeltem aonn eis dee Se a e E keh ah E E ea aaa 190 11 12 Functions for handling packet data 2 0 0 0 cece eee cneeca cece cena eeneeeneeeneees 191 TILTI BYtC Array 2353 ecaeis E dish Gt veda dis eeth einen eae cerca eek ANS 191 LE TAD CINE aan Sycatde a ne Seanieg E eusdtesys Sate S E EESE nR 193 VU AZ
222. l2wrs 1 Python must be installed See http python org 2 omniid from the omniORB package must be available See http omniorb sourceforge net 3 Of course you need Wireshark installed to compile the code and tweak it if required idl2wrs is part of the standard Wireshark distribution To use idl2wrs to generate an Wireshark dissector from an idl file use the following procedure Procedure for converting a CORBA idl file into a Wireshark dissector 1 To write the C code to stdout 227 Related command line tools idl2wrs lt your_file idl gt e g idl2wrs echo idl idl2wrs echo idl To write to a file just redirect the output gt packet test idl c You may wish to comment out the register_giop_user_module code and that will leave you with heuristic dissection If you don t want to use the shell script wrapper then try steps 3 or 4 instead 3 8 D 10 4 To write the C code to stdout Usage omniidl p e g omniidl p omniidl p b wireshar b wireshark_be ec To write to a file just redirect the outpu b wireshark_be ec k_be lt your file idl gt ho idl t ho idl gt packet test idl c You may wish to comment out the register_giop_user_module code and that will leave you with heuristic dissection Copy the resulting C code to subdirectory epan dissectors inside your Wireshark source directory cp packet test idl c dir where
223. lative to all packets in the capture e Packets the absolute number of packets of this protocol e Bytes the absolute number of bytes of this protocol e MBit s the bandwidth of this protocol relative to the capture time End Packets the absolute number of packets of this protocol where this protocol was the highest protocol to decode e End Bytes the absolute number of bytes of this protocol where this protocol was the highest protocol to decode e End MBit s the bandwidth of this protocol relative to the capture time where this protocol was the highest protocol to decode Note Packets will usually contain multiple protocols so more than one protocol will be counted for each packet Example In the screenshot IP has 99 17 and TCP 85 83 which is together much more than 100 A Note Protocol layers can consist of packets that won t contain any higher layer protocol so the sum of all higher layer packets may not sum up to the protocols packet count Example 127 Statistics In the screenshot TCP has 85 83 but the sum of the subprotocols HTTP is much less This may be caused by TCP protocol overhead e g TCP ACK packets won t be counted as packets of the higher layer Note A single packet can contain the same protocol more than once In this case the protocol is counted more than once For example in some tunneling configurations the IP layer can appear twice 8 4 Conversations 8 4 1
224. le 125 Statistics Figure 8 1 The Summary window Wireshark Summary maa File Name home stig http pcap Length 1713904 bytes Format Wireshark tcpdump libpcap Packet size limit 65535 bytes Time First packet 2007 11 30 20 49 42 Last packet 2007 11 30 20 50 14 Elapsed 00 00 32 Capture Interface etho Dropped packets unknown Capture filter none Display Display filter http or dns Traffic Captured Displayed Marked Packets 2239 367 0 Between first and last packet 32 374 sec 19 684 sec Avg packets sec 69 160 18 645 Avg packet size 749 467 bytes 575 507 bytes Bytes 1678056 211211 Avg bytes sec 51833 067 10730 261 Avg MBit sec 0 415 0 086 Com e File general information about the capture file e Time the timestamps when the first and the last packet were captured and the time between them Capture information from the time when the capture was done only available if the packet data was captured from the network and not loaded from a file e Display some display related information e Traffic some statistics of the network traffic seen If a display filter is set you will see values in the Captured column and if any packages are marked you will see values in the Marked column The values in the Captured column will remain the same as before while the values in the Displayed column will reflect the values corresponding to the packets shown in the display The values in the M
225. le files Use pcap ng format Next file every n megabyte s Next file every n minute s Ring buffer with n files Stop capture after n file s This field allows you to specify the file name that will be used for the capture file This field is left blank by default If the field is left blank the capture data will be stored in a temporary file see Section 4 11 Capture files and file modes for details You can also click on the button to the right of this field to browse through the filesystem Instead of using a single file Wireshark will automatically switch to a new one if a specific trigger condition is reached This checkbox allows you to specify that Wireshark saves the captured packets in pcap ng format This next generation capture file format is currently in development If more than one interface is chosen for capturing this checkbox is set by default See http wiki wireshark org Development PcapNg for more details on pcap ng Multiple files only Switch to the next file after the given number of byte s kilobyte s megabyte s gigabyte s have been captured Multiple files only Switch to the next file after the given number of second s minutes s hours s days s have elapsed Multiple files only Form a ring buffer of the capture files with the given number of files Multiple files only Stop capturing after switching to the next file the given number of times 4 5 3 Stop Capture f
226. ll well close the dialog box 5 7 Exporting data Wireshark provides several ways and formats to export packet data This section describes general ways to export data from Wireshark Note There are more specialized functions to export specific data which will be described at the appropriate places XXX add detailed descriptions of the output formats and some sample output too 5 7 1 The Export as Plain Text File dialog box Export packet data into a plain ASCII text file much like the format used to print packets 81 File Input Output and Printing Figure 5 12 The Export as Plain Text File dialog box WIFESMdrE EXPO Fie Save in m Packet Analysis Data a img Ez gz Name Date modified oo No items match your search 4 mn File name Slow NFS kd Save as type Plain t t Ctt Packet Range Packet Format I Packet summary Al packet I Packet details a pori As displayed f Marked packets Packet Bytes f First to last marked C Range Each packet on z _ Remove Ignored packets Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 9 The Packet Range frame The Packet Details frame is described in Section 5 10 The Packet Format frame 82 File Input Output and Printing 5 7 2 The Export as PostScript File dialog box Export packet data into
227. ll packets in bytes display the packet size limit snapshot length u display the capture duration in seconds a display the capture start time e display the capture end time o display the capture file chronological status True False S display start and end times as seconds Statistic infos y display average data rate in bytes sec i display average data rate in bits sec z display average packet size in bytes x display average packet rate in packets sec Output format L generate long report default T generate table report Table report options R generate header record default r do not generate header record B separate infos with TAB character default m separate infos with comma character b separate infos with SPACE character N do not quote infos default q quote infos with single quotes Q quote infos with double quotes Miscellaneous h display this help and exit C cancel processing if file open fails default is to continue A generate all infos default Options are processed from left to right order with later options superceeding or adding to earlier options If no options are given the default is to display all infos in long report output format D 6 rawshark Dump and analyze network traffic Rawshark reads a stream of packets from a file or pipe and prints a line describing its output followed by a set of matching fields for each packet on stdout
228. ll protocols are enabled by default When a protocol is disabled Wireshark stops processing a packet whenever that protocol is encountered P Note Disabling a protocol will prevent information about higher layer protocols from being displayed For example suppose you disabled the IP protocol and selected a packet containing Ethernet IP TCP and HTTP information The Ethernet information would be displayed but the IP TCP and HTTP information would not disabling IP would prevent it and the other protocols from being displayed 147 Customizing Wireshark To enable disable protocols select the Enabled Protocols item from the Analyze menu Wireshark will pop up the Enabled Protocols dialog box as shown in Figure 10 5 The Enabled Protocols dialog box Figure 10 5 The Enabled Protocols dialog box Wireshark Enabled Protocols Enabled Protocols v Description A 2dparityfec Pro MPEG Code of Practice 3 release 2 FEC 3COMXNS 3Com XNS Encapsulation 3GPP2 A11 3GPP2 A11 802 11 MGT IEEE 802 11 wireless LAN management frame 802 11 Radiotap IEEE 802 11 Radiotap Capture header 802 3 Slow protocols Slow Protocals oP Plan 9 9P AALL ATM AAL1 AAL3 4 ATM AAL3 4 AARP Appletalk Address Resolution Protocol ACAP Application Configuration Access Protocol ACP133 ACP133 Attribute Syntaxes ACSE 150 8650 1 OSI Association Control Service Actrace 4udioCodes Trunk Trace ADP Aruba Aruba Discovery Protoc
229. ls dialog bOX 2 2 00 cece cece eee ceeeceeeeneecu seca sean eenes 147 10 4 2 User Specified Decode iesene ceveunctedous Lees de banen be SEE NEE aS 148 10 4 3 Show User Specified Decodes 0 2 0 0 0 cece cee cece cee ce eeceeeceeecaeeea sean eeaes 149 10 5 Preferences an rp ae cae A E nbs E NE r nne ESES 150 10 52 Interface Options teisia ree adi ap E ene S RNA TROT 151 10 6 Configuration Profiles seinni ea n e e R E DAE te AES e NE 152 10 7 User Table hinein e r a E E E E EERE ER 154 10 8 Displ y Filter Macross enne aer pa sed Eoee EoI eR i ISNS 154 10 9 ESS Category Attributes ia e a ed hv sen de ook E EN E EE T 154 10 10 GeolP Database Paths niinn a hace ea E n a Seint 154 10 11 IKEv2 decryption table r cece cece cece a E A NEN ESSEE SE 155 10 127 Object Identifier S ennie onee E EA EEN TEE EREE RESSE 155 10 13 PRES Users Context List eccone e anaE A ee E EEE E EE 156 vi Wireshark User s Guide 10 14 SCEP sers Table enen lyse shorssenaceey ooveeshyseeecsy vous E EEEE N E E EAEE NEE 156 10 15 SMI MIB and PIB Modules 00 0 0 e o a E hE RES 156 10 16 SMI MIB and PIB Paths 20 00 00 ee E cece rene cena cena REES AEE y 156 10 17 SNMP Enterprise Specific Trap Types cc cee ceeeeeeeeneece cen eeneceneeeneeeneees 157 1OT8S SNMP users Table sason s dace se eo ysunes see Secadedeweaess prose tush A N ESEE 157 10 19 Tektronix K12xx 15 RF5 protocols Table 0 cece cee ee eee eeeeneeen
230. lution 1031 bytes Y Network name resolution Packets 9 v Transport name resolution Frst Packet 2005 08 19 1815 06 Elapsed Figure 5 2 Open new GTK version Unix Linux GTK version gt 2 4 This is the common Gimp GNOME file open dialog plus some Wireshark extensions Specific for this dialog e The Add button allows you to add a directory selected in the right hand pane to the favorites list on the left Those changes are persistent e The Remove button allows you to remove a selected directory from that list again the items like Home Desktop and Filesystem cannot be removed 71 File Input Output and Printing e If Wireshark doesn t recognize the selected file as a capture file it will grey out the Open button Figure 5 3 Open old GTK version Unix Linux GTK version lt 2 4 This is the file open dialog of former Gimp GNOME versions plus some Wireshark extensions Specific for this dialog e If Wireshark doesn t recognize the selected file as a capture file it will grey out the Ok button 5 2 2 Input File Formats The following file formats from other capture tools can be opened by Wireshark e libpcap captures from Wireshark TShark dumpcap tcpdump and various other tools using libpcap s tcpdump s capture format e pcap ng next generation successor to libpcap format e Sun s
231. m Broadco DER Captured Packets Total of total SCTP TCP UDP ICMP ARP OSPF GRE NetBIOS IPX VINES Other This dialog box will inform you about the number of captured packets and the time since the capture was started The selection of which protocols are counted cannot be changed L This Capture Info dialog box can be hidden using the Hide capture info dialog option in the Capture Options dialog box 4 14 1 Stop the running capture A running capture session will be stopped in one of the following ways 1 Using the et Stop button from the Capture Info dialog box P Note er The Capture Info dialog box might be hidden if the option Hide capture info dialog is used 2 Using the menu item Capture Aa Stop 3 Using the toolbar item et Stop 68 Capturing Live Network Data 4 Pressing the accelerator keys Ctrl E 5 The capture will be automatically stopped if one of the Stop Conditions is exceeded e g the maximum amount of data was captured 4 14 2 Restart a running capture A running capture session can be restarted with the same capture options as the last time this will remove all packets previously captured This can be useful if some uninteresting packets are captured and there s no need to keep them Restart is a convenience function and equivalent to a capture stop following by an immediate capture start A restart can be triggered in one of the following way
232. me Display Selecting this tells Wireshark to display the time stamps in Format gt Date and Time of date and time of day format see Section 6 12 Time display formats and time references Day 1970 01 01 Note 01 02 03 123456 P OS The fields Time of Day Date and Time of Day Seconds Since Beginning of Capture Seconds Since Previous Captured Packet and Seconds Since Previous Displayed Packet are mutually exclusive Time Display Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in time of Format gt Time day format see Section 6 12 Time display formats and time of Day references 01 02 03 123456 Time Display Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in seconds Format gt since 1970 01 01 00 00 00 see Section 6 12 Time display Seconds Since formats and time references Epoch 1970 01 01 1234567890 123456 Time Display Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in seconds Format gt since beginning of capture format see Section 6 12 Time Seconds Since display formats and time references Beginning of Capture 123 123456 Time Display Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in seconds Format gt since previous captured packet format see Section 6 12 Time Seconds Since display formats and time references Previous Captured Packet 1 123456 Time Display Selecting
233. men heee aa e a ES 33 3212 The E So TO a hA Menu AEE E E A E S ede 35 313 The Tools Menu isar a deter Ea E EE EEEE E ERIS O 37 3 1T4 The Internals DEDU zmes aa r ies Qt ve eee os r E E aN 37 3 157 Phe Help menusi eraa a e aE a eoa Ca e anaa ies aE 38 3 16 The Main tool Dar ar r E E E EE T E E O vee 40 3 7 Chen Filter toolbar yyin a E desea EEA NEER E EAA ETE 42 3 18 Phe Packet List pahe srsosiisocieeni einn E IE O sie E A eah chs 43 3 19 The Packet Details Palenica ee RAE A A IEEE A aR 44 3 20 The Packet Bytes pane E EE A bahon oad eee 44 3 2 The Stats Bak deen cross e roe shee a sone vetones dese EEA EE REARS EAEE 45 4 Capturing Live Network Data yiosi cee cece E eeae cena eens N I E REE 47 A D IntrOductiON sis0 sce assdeev saves ctuhes deen teens cages dont hens E dea a EE sh ateeadess eet cued 47 42 PLETEQUISILES a5 ody 2 cada e pxce teas a E E Voveduae pueda petnd oops edelany deeduou EA pave 47 413 Start Capturing aver sume seneneta cos Susnes ay Sea guebe seme ss pa need bebe E e EE phos eee a EE 47 4 4 The Capture Interfaces dialog DOX 0 cece eee ce cece i nS 48 4 5 The Capture Options dialog DOX nessie ee cece ce a ESTER t 50 4 5 Capttre frame as o ee titted sie ee chats rete Tis ec ah ticeden Saves Mabie LT ads 52 45 2 Capture File s framen seee A ceehpevawcosetecghsbeteecesehcenetebentace 53 4 5 3 Stop Capitite frame nern eee a sed ein eds eee ate ed em 53 4 5 4 Dis
234. mes in the input file with more captured data than the specified snapshot length will have only the amount of data specified by the snapshot length written to the output file This may be useful if the program that is to read the output file cannot handle packets larger than a certain size for example the versions of snoop in Solaris 2 5 1 and Solaris 2 6 appear to reject Ethernet frames larger than the standard Ethernet MTU making them incapable of handling gigabit Ethernet captures if jumbo frames were used If the T flag is used to specify an encapsulation type the encapsulation type of the output capture file will be forced to the specified type rather than being the type appropriate to the encapsulation type of the input capture file Note that this merely forces the encapsulation type of the output file to be the specified type the packet headers of the packets will not be translated from the encapsulation type of the input capture file to the specified encapsulation type for example it will not translate an Ethernet capture to an FDDI capture if an Ethernet capture is read and T fddi is specified Example D 8 Help information available from mergecap Mergecap 1 9 0 SVN Rev 47047 from trunk Merge two or more capture files into one See http www wireshark org for more information Usage mergecap options w lt outfile gt lt infile gt lt infile gt Output a concatenate rather than merge files default is to me
235. mn 11 9 2 4 column append text Appends text to a Column 11 9 2 4 1 Arguments text The text to append to the Column 11 9 2 5 column preppend text Prepends text to a Column 172 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 9 2 5 1 Arguments text The text to prepend to the Column 11 9 3 Columns The Columns of the packet list 11 9 3 1 columns __tostring 11 9 3 1 1 Returns The string Columns no real use just for debugging purposes 11 9 3 2 columns __ newindex column text Sets the text of a specific column 11 9 3 2 1 Arguments column The name of the column to set text The text for the column 11 9 4 NSTime NSTime represents a nstime_t This is an object with seconds and nano seconds 11 9 4 1 NSTime new seconds nseconds Creates a new NSTime object 11 9 4 1 1 Arguments seconds optional Seconds nseconds optional Nano seconds 11 9 4 1 2 Returns The new NSTime object 11 9 4 2 nstime __tostring 11 9 4 2 1 Returns The string representing the nstime 11 9 4 3 nstime __add Calculates the sum of two NSTimes 11 9 4 4 nstime __ sub Calculates the diff of two NSTimes 11 9 4 5 nstime __unm Calculates the negative NSTime 173 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 9 4 6 nstime ___eq Compares two NSTimes 11 9 4 6 1 Errors e Data source must be the same for both fields 11 9 4 7 nstime __le Compares two NSTimes 11 9 4 7 1 Errors e Data source must be the same fo
236. mparison Both mechanisms are used to convert an IP address to some human readable domain name The usual DNS call gethostname will try to convert the address to a name To do this it will first ask the systems hosts file e g etc hosts if it finds a matching entry If that fails it will ask the configured DNS server s about the name So the real difference between DNS and concurrent DNS comes when the system has to wait for the DNS server about a name resolution The system call gethostname will wait until a name is resolved or an error occurs If the DNS server is unavailable this might take quite a while several seconds The concurrent DNS service works a bit differently It will also ask the DNS server but it won t wait for the answer It will just return to Wireshark in a very short amount of time The actual and the following address fields won t show the resolved name until the DNS server returns an answer As mentioned above the values get cached so you can use View Reload to update these fields to show the resolved values hosts name resolution hosts file If DNS name resolution failed Wireshark will try to convert an IP address to the hostname associated with it using a hosts file provided by the user e g 216 239 37 99 _ www google com IPX name resolution network layer ipxnet name resolution ipxnets file XXX add ipxnets name resolution explanation TCP UDP port name resolution transport layer
237. n 6424 m l m gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 COO 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 a Source port ncu 2 3196 Destination port http C80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number E Header length 28 bytes E window size value 64240 w 000A 0A 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 Ob Sd 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 ra alisa csse a 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO a8 OO 02 cO ag O H ay 0020 00 01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 eral PCO acca p 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 DE pakke Sibiti File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 015 Profile Default Table 3 12 Help menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Contents F1 This menu item brings up a basic help system Manual Pages This menu item starts a Web browser showing one of the Seve locally installed html manual pages Website This menu item starts a Web browser showing the webpage from http www wireshark org FAQ s This menu item starts a Web browser showing various FAQ s Downloads This menu item starts a Web browser showing the downloads from http www wireshark org Wiki This menu item starts a Web browser showing the fro
238. n the domain server As Wireshark is using the correct places to store its profile data your settings will travel with you if you logon to a different computer the next time There is an exception to this The Local Settings folder in your profile data typically something like C Documents and Settings lt username gt Local Settings will not be transferred to the domain server This is the default for temporary capture files 209 Files and Folders A 3 3 Windows temporary folder Wireshark uses the folder which is set by the TMPDIR or TEMP environment variable This variable will be set by the Windows installer Windows 7 Windows Vista C Users lt username gt AppData Local Temp Windows XP Windows 2000 C Documents and Settings lt username gt Local Settings Temp Windows NT C TEMP 210 Appendix B Protocols and Protocol Fields Wireshark distinguishes between protocols e g tcp and protocol fields e g tep port A comprehensive list of all protocols and protocol fields can be found at http www wireshark org docs dfref 211 Appendix C Wireshark Messages Wireshark provides you with additional information generated out of the plain packet data or it may need to indicate dissection problems Messages generated by Wireshark are usually placed in parentheses C 1 Packet List Messages These messages might appear in the packet list C 1 1 Malformed Packet Malformed packet means
239. net Local No Properties Device etho Description 4 gt Default link layer header type Ethernet Comment Internet Hide interface Q Help Q cancel Each row contains options for each interface available on your computer e Device the device name provided by the operating system e Description provided by the operating system e Default link layer each interface may provide several link layer header types The default link layer chosen here is the one used when you first start Wireshark It is also possible to change this value in Section 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box when you start a capture For a detailed description see Section 4 12 Link layer header type 151 Customizing Wireshark e Comment a user provided description of the interface This comment will be used as a description instead of the operating system description e Hide enable this option to hide the interface from other parts of the program 10 6 Configuration Profiles Configuration Profiles can be used to configure and use more than one set of preferences and configurations Select the Configuration Profiles menu item from the Edit menu or simply press Shift Ctrl A and Wireshark will pop up the Configuration Profiles dialog box as shown in Figure 10 10 The configuration profiles dialog box It is also possible to click in the Profile part of the statusbar to popup a menu
240. ng libpcap will assist in building it Also if your operating system does not support tcpdump you might also want to download it from the tcpdump web site and install it Building and Installing Wireshark Example 2 2 Building and installing libpcap gzip dc libpcap 1 0 0 tar 2 tar xvf lt much output removed gt cd libpcap 1 0 0 configure lt much output removed gt make lt much output removed gt make install lt much output removed gt i Note The directory you should change to will depend on the version of libpcap you have downloaded In all cases tar xvf will show you the name of the directory that has been unpacked Under Red Hat 6 x and beyond and distributions based on it like Mandrake you can simply install each of the packages you need from RPMs Most Linux systems will install GTK and GLib in any case however you will probably need to install the devel versions of each of these packages The commands shown in Example 2 3 Installing required RPMs under Red Hat Linux 6 2 and beyond will install all the needed RPMs if they are not already installed Example 2 3 Installing required RPMs under Red Hat Linux 6 2 and beyond cd mnt cdrom RedHat RPMS rpm ivh glib 1 2 6 3 1386 rpm rpm ivh glib devel 1 2 6 3 1386 rpm rpm ivh gtk 1 2 6 7 1386 rpm rpm ivh gtk devel 1 2 6 7 i1386 rpm rpm ivh libpcap 0 4 19 1386 rpm P Note If you are using a version of Red Hat later
241. ng protocol field If the selected field doesn t correspond to a Packet packet this item is greyed out Previous Ctrl Up Move to the previous packet in the list This can be used to Packet move to the previous packet even if the packet list doesn t have keyboard focus Next Packet Ctrl Down Move to the next packet in the list This can be used to move to the previous packet even if the packet list doesn t have keyboard focus First Packet Ctrl Home Jump to the first packet of the capture file Last Packet Ctrl End Jump to the last packet of the capture file Previous Ctrl Move to the previous packet in the current conversation This Packet In can be used to move to the previous packet even if the packet Conversation list doesn t have keyboard focus 30 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Next Packet In Ctrl Move to the next packet in the current conversation This can Conversation be used to move to the previous packet even if the packet list doesn t have keyboard focus 3 9 The Capture menu The Wireshark Capture menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 6 Capture menu items Figure 3 7 The Capture Menu ww test cap E Eile Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help Bw a e GX Interfaces CtrHI 4 F B aaa n g ma nkl B Options Ctrl K aa Filter amp start Ctrl E l Expression Clear Appl No Time Sto Ctrl
242. noop and atmsnoop e Shomiti Finisar Surveyor captures e Novell LANalyzer captures Microsoft Network Monitor captures e AIX s iptrace captures e Cinco Networks NetXray captures e Network Associates Windows based Sniffer and Sniffer Pro captures e Network General Network Associates DOS based Sniffer compressed or uncompressed captures e AG Group WildPackets EtherPeek TokenPeek AiroPeek EtherHelp PacketGrabber captures e RADCOM s WAN LAN Analyzer captures e Network Instruments Observer version 9 captures e Lucent Ascend router debug output e HP UX s nettl Toshiba s ISDN routers dump output e ISDN4BSD i4btrace utility e traces from the EyeSDN USB SO e IPLog format from the Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection System pppd logs pppdump format 72 File Input Output and Printing the output from VMS s TCPIPtrace TCPtrace UCX TRACE utilities e the text output from the DBS Etherwatch VMS utility e Visual Networks Visual UpTime traffic capture the output from CoSine L2 debug the output from Accellent s SViews LAN agents e Endace Measurement Systems ERF format captures e Linux Bluez Bluetooth stack hcidump w traces Catapult DCT2000 out files e Gammu generated text output from Nokia DCT3 phones in Netmonitor mode e IBM Series OS 400 Comm traces ASCII amp UNICODE e Juniper Netscreen snoop captures Symbian OS btsnoop captures Tamosoft CommView captures e Textronix K12xx 32bit rf5 format captures e
243. nt page from http wiki wireshark org Sample This menu item starts a Web browser showing the sample Captures captures from http wiki wireshark org About This menu item brings up an information window that provides Wireshark various detailed information items on Wireshark such as how it s build the plugins loaded the used folders Note Calling a Web browser might be unsupported in your version of Wireshark If this is the case the corresponding menu items will be hidden 39 User Interface P Note If calling a Web browser fails on your machine maybe because just nothing happens or the browser is started but no page is shown have a look at the web browser setting in the preferences dialog 3 16 The Main toolbar The main toolbar provides quick access to frequently used items from the menu This toolbar cannot be customized by the user but it can be hidden using the View menu if the space on the screen is needed to show even more packet data As in the menu only the items useful in the current program state will be available The others will be greyed out e g you cannot save a capture file if you haven t loaded one Figure 3 14 The Main toolbar Sweeei Baxeai eset2 SS Aaneuax e Table 3 13 Main toolbar items Toolbar Toolbar Item Corresponding Description Icon Menu Item Interfaces Capture This item brings up the Capture Interfaces List Interfaces d
244. ntax disable all name resolutions def all enabled enable specific name resolution s mntcC start with specified configuration profile start with the given display filter go to specified packet number after jump to the first packet matching the filter display search backwards for a matching packet after J set the font name used for most text output format of time stamps def r rel to first output format of seconds def s seconds eXtension options see man page for details show various statistics see man page for details set the output filename or for stdout display this help and exit display version info and exit persconf path personal configuration files persdata path personal data files override preference or recent setting keytab file to use for kerberos decryption X display to use We will examine each of the command line options in turn 140 Customizing Wireshark The first thing to notice is that issuing the command wireshark by itself will bring up Wireshark However you can include as many of the command line parameters as you like Their meanings are as follows in alphabetical order XXX is the alphabetical order a good choice Maybe better task based a lt capture autostop condition gt b lt capture ring buffer option gt B lt capture buffer size Win32 only gt c lt capture packet count gt Specify a criterion that specifies when Wireshark is to s
245. o an existing dissector table 11 10 2 2 1 Arguments tablename The short name of the table 11 10 2 2 2 Returns The DissectorTable 11 10 2 3 dissectortable add pattern dissector Add a dissector to a table 11 10 2 3 1 Arguments pattern The pattern to match either an integer or a string depending on the table s type dissector The dissector to add either an Proto or a Dissector 11 10 2 4 dissectortable remove pattern dissector Remove a dissector from a table 11 10 2 4 1 Arguments pattern The pattern to match either an integer or a string depending on the table s type dissector The dissector to add either an Proto or a Dissector 11 10 2 5 dissectortable try pattern tvb pinfo tree Try to call a dissector from a table 11 10 2 5 1 Arguments pattern The pattern to be matched either an integer or a string depending on the table s type tvb The buffer to dissect pinfo The packet info tree The tree on which to add the protocol items 11 10 2 6 dissectortable get_dissector pattern Try to obtain a dissector from a table 178 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 10 2 6 1 Arguments pattern The pattern to be matched either an integer or a string depending on the table s type 11 10 2 6 2 Returns The dissector handle if found nil if not found 11 10 3 Pref A preference of a Protocol 11 10 3 1 Pref bool label default descr Creates a boolean preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 11
246. ol AFP Apple Filing Protocol AFS RX Andrew File System AF5 4H Authentication Header AIM AOL Instant Messenger AIM Administration AIM Administrative he gt E z a B a a a a a a B a z a B B 7 a a a Disabling a protocol prevents higher layer protocols from being displayed Enable All Disable All Invert To disable or enable a protocol simply click on it using the mouse or press the space bar when the protocol is highlighted Note that typing the first few letters of the protocol name when the Enabled Protocols dialog box is active will temporarily open a search text box and automatically select the first matching protocol name if it exists Warning You have to use the Save button to save your settings The OK or Apply buttons will not save your changes permanently so they will be lost when Wireshark is closed You can choose from the following actions 1 Enable All Enable all protocols in the list 2 Disable All Disable all protocols in the list 3 Invert Toggle the state of all protocols in the list 4 OK Apply the changes and close the dialog box 5 Apply Apply the changes and keep the dialog box open 6 Save Save the settings to the disabled_protos see Appendix A Files and Folders for details 7 Cancel Cancel the changes and close the dialog box 10 4 2 User Specified Decodes The Decode As functionality let you temporarily divert specific protocol dissection
247. on Resolve Name Name This item allows you to control whether or not Wireshark Resolution gt translates MAC addresses into names see Section 7 7 Name Enable for Resolution MAC Layer Name This item allows you to control whether or not Wireshark Resolution gt translates network addresses into names see Section 7 7 Enable for Name Resolution Network Layer Name This item allows you to control whether or not Wireshark Resolution gt translates transport addresses into names see Section 7 7 Enable for Name Resolution Transport Layer Colorize Packet This item allows you to control whether or not Wireshark List should colorize the packet list P Note n Enabling colorization will slow down the display of new packets while capturing loading capture files Auto Scroll in This item allows you to specify that Wireshark should scroll Live Capture the packet list pane as new packets come in so you are always looking at the last packet If you do not specify this Wireshark simply adds new packets onto the end of the list but does not scroll the packet list pane Zoom In Ctrl Zoom into the packet data increase the font size Zoom Out Ctrl Zoom out of the packet data decrease the font size Normal Size Ctrl Set zoom level back to 100 set font size back to normal 28 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Resize All Shift C
248. on port http 80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number Header length 28 bytes window size 64240 Iv _ m ba 0000 00 09 Sb 2d 75 9a 00 Ob 5d 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 u E 0010 QQ 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO a8 00 02 c0 ag 0 HQ a apoaren 0020 00 01l Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 OO 00 00 O00 70 02 wee PCO annn p 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 O5 b4 O1 O1 04 02 ae er are cr File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 Profile Default The following table gives an overview of which functions are available in this header where to find the corresponding function in the main menu and a short description of each item Table 6 1 The menu items of the Packet List column header pop up menu Item Identical to main Description menu s item Sort Ascending Sort the packet list in ascending order based on this column Sort Descending Sort the packet list in descending order based on this column 95 Working with captured packets Item Identical to main Description menu s item No Sort Remove sorting order based on this column Align Left Set left alignment of the values in this column Align Center Set center alignment of the values in this column Align Right Set right alignment of the values in this column Column Open the Preferences dialog
249. on you are interested in and then select the Follow TCP Stream menu item from the Wireshark Tools menu or use the context menu in the packet list Wireshark will set an appropriate display filter and pop up a dialog box with all the data from the TCP stream laid out in order as shown in Figure 7 1 The Follow TCP Stream dialog box Fal Note j It is worthwhile noting that Follow TCP Stream installs a display filter to select all the packets in the TCP stream you have selected 7 2 1 The Follow TCP Stream dialog box Figure 7 1 The Follow TCP Stream dialog box Follow TCP Stream Stream Content SUBSCRIBE opp service Layer3Forwarding HTTP 1 1 NT upnpsevent allback http yanar 168 0 2 5000 notify gt imeout Second 1 User Agent HETI O compatible UPnP 1 0 Windows NT 5 1 0 Pragma no cache HTTP 1 0 200 OK Ase s berint Entire conversation 368 bytes v ASCII O EBCDIC O Hex Dump O C Arrays O Raw o Help w Filter Out This Stream The stream content is displayed in the same sequence as it appeared on the network Traffic from A to B is marked in red while traffic from B to A is marked in blue If you like you can change these colors in the Edit Preferences Colors page 112 Advanced Topics Non printable characters will be replaced by dots XXX What about line wrapping maximum line length and CRNL conversions The stream content won t be updated while doing a live capture To
250. or MAC addresses IPv4 addresses TCP and UDP ports and IPv4 port combinations are supported It is assumed that the rules will be applied to an outside interface Lua These options allow you to work with the Lua interpreter optionally build into Wireshark see Section 11 1 Introduction 3 14 The Internals menu The Wireshark Internals menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 11 Help menu items User Interface Figure 3 12 The Internals Menu test cap m f x File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help gagau BHAXZAIA S J9 Dissector tables alau XIB n E a Supported Protocols slow Filter Iv Expression Clear Appl No Time Source Destination Protocol Length Info Broadcast 1 0 000000 192 168 0 2 ARP 42 Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 2 CF 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP 54 v3 Membership Report Join group 11 1 226156 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 1 TCP 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 m m gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 496 bits 62 bytes captured 496 bits Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 COO 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 B Source port ncu 2 3196 z Destination port http C80 stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number LI Header length 28 byte
251. org for more information Usage dumpcap options Capture interface i lt interface gt name or idx of interface def first non loopback or for remote capturing use one of these formats rpcap lt host gt lt interface gt TCP lt host gt lt port gt f lt capture filter gt packet filter in libpcap filter syntax s lt snaplen gt packet snapshot length def 65535 p don t capture in promiscuous mode I capture in monitor mode if available B lt buffer size gt size of kernel buffer def 1MB y lt link type gt link layer type def first appropriate D print list of interfaces and exit L print list of link layer types of iface and exit d print generated BPF code for capture filter k set channel on wifi interface lt freq gt lt type gt S print statistics for each interface once per second M for D L and S produce machine readable output RPCAP options r don t ignore own RPCAP traffic in capture u use UDP for RPCAP data transfer A lt user gt lt password gt use RPCAP password authentication m lt sampling type gt use packet sampling count NUM capture one packet of every NUM timer NUM capture no more than 1 packet in NUM ms Stop conditions c lt packet count gt stop after n packets def infinite a lt autostop cond gt duration NUM stop after NUM seconds filesize NUM stop this file after NUM KB files NUM stop after NUM files Output files w lt filen
252. ork Data You can set the following fields in this dialog box IP address Link layer header type Wireless settings Windows only Remote settings Windows only Capture packets in promiscuous mode Limit each packet to n bytes Buffer size n megabyte s The IP address es of the selected interface If no address could be resolved from the system none will be shown Unless you are in the rare situation that you need this just keep the default For a detailed description see Section 4 12 Link layer header type Here you can set the settings for wireless capture using the AirPCap adapter For a detailed description see the AirPCap Users Guide Here you can set the settings for remote capture For a detailed description see Section 4 9 The Remote Capture Interfaces dialog box This checkbox allows you to specify that Wireshark should put the interface in promiscuous mode when capturing If you do not specify this Wireshark will only capture the packets going to or from your computer not all packets on your LAN segment P Note If some other process has put the interface in promiscuous mode you may be capturing in promiscuous mode even if you turn off this option P Note Even in promiscuous mode you still won t necessarily see all packets on your LAN segment see http www wireshark org faq html promiscsniff for some more explanations This field allows you to s
253. oseconds it shows 1 123456000 6 12 1 Packet time referencing The user can set time references to packets A time reference is the starting point for all subsequent packet time calculations It will be useful if you want to see the time values relative to a special packet e g the start of a new request It s possible to set multiple time references in the capture file 110 Working with captured packets Warning The time references will not be saved permanently and will be lost when you close the capture file Note Time referencing will only be useful if the time display format is set to Seconds Since Beginning of Capture If one of the other time display formats are used time referencing will have no effect and will make no sense either To work with time references choose one of the Time Reference items in the Edit menu see Section 3 6 The Edit menu or from the pop up menu of the Packet List pane Set Time Reference toggle Toggles the time reference state of the currently selected packet to on or off e Find Next Find the next time referenced packet in the Packet List pane e Find Previous Find the previous time referenced packet in the Packet List pane Figure 6 11 Wireshark showing a time referenced packet test pcap Wireshark DER File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help Saa DABBA HL T lB a a Meier ba P Expression Ys clear y Apply No Time Source Des
254. otoFieldArray 11 10 6 7 ProtoField int8 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 7 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 7 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 8 ProtoField int16 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 8 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 11 10 6 8 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 11 10 6 9 ProtoField int24 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 11 10 6 9 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters 184 Lua Support in Wireshark name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestr
255. ou have selected the right capture options before you can immediately start a capture using the Gi Capture Start menu toolbar item The capture process will start immediately e If you already know the name of the capture interface you can start Wireshark from the command line and use the following wireshark i eth0 k This will start Wireshark capturing on interface eth0 more details can be found at Section 10 2 Start Wireshark from the command line 4 4 The Capture Interfaces dialog box When you select Interfaces from the Capture menu Wireshark pops up the Capture Interfaces dialog box as shown in Figure 4 1 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Microsoft Windows or Figure 4 2 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Unix Linux A This dialog consumes lots of system resources As the Capture Interfaces dialog is showing live captured data it is consuming a lot of system resources Close this dialog as soon as possible to prevent excessive system load P Not all available interfaces may be displayed a This dialog box will only show the local interfaces Wireshark knows of It will not show interfaces marked as hidden in Section 10 5 1 Interface Options As Wireshark might not be able to detect all local interfaces and it cannot detect the remote interfaces available there could be more capture interfaces available than listed As it is possible to simultaneously captu
256. ovice and expert users will hopefully find probable network problems a lot faster compared to scanning the packet list manually A Expert infos are only a hint Take expert infos as a hint what s worth looking at but not more For example The absence of expert infos doesn t necessarily mean everything is ok The amount of expert infos largely depends on the protocol P being used While some common protocols like TCP IP will show detailed expert infos most other protocols currently won t show any expert infos at all The following will first describe the components of a single expert info then the User Interface 7 3 1 Expert Info Entries Each expert info will contain the following things which will be described in detail below 113 Advanced Topics Table 7 1 Some example expert infos Packet Severity Group Protocol Summary 1 Note Sequence TCP Duplicate ACK 1 2 Chat Sequence TCP Connection reset RST 8 Note Sequence TCP Keep Alive 9 Warn Sequence TCP Fast retransmission suspected 7 3 1 1 Severity Every expert info has a specific severity level The following severity levels are used in parentheses are the colors in which the items will be marked in the GUI Chat grey information about usual workflow e g a TCP packet with the SYN flag set Note cyan notable things e g an application returned an usual error code like HTTP 404 Warn yellow warning e g
257. p at least the required include files on your system Another common problem is for the final compile and link stage to terminate with a complaint of Output too long This is likely to be caused by an antiquated sed such as the one shipped with Solaris Since sed is used by the libtool script to construct the final link command this leads to mysterious 13 Building and Installing Wireshark problems This can be resolved by downloading a recent version of sed from http directory fsf org project sed If you cannot determine what the problems are send an email to the wireshark dev mailing list explaining your problem and including the output from config log and anything else you think is relevant like a trace of the make stage 2 Building from source under Windows It is recommended to use the binary installer for Windows until you want to start developing Wireshark on the Windows platform For further information how to build Wireshark for Windows from the sources have a look at the Developer s Guide on the Documentation Page You may also want to have a look at the Development Wiki http wiki wireshark org Development for the latest available development documentation 2 8 Installing Wireshark under Windows In this section we explore installing Wireshark under Windows from the binary packages 2 8 1 Install Wireshark You may acquire a binary installer of Wireshark named something like wireshark
258. pe of filter Display filters The first one has already been dealt with in Section 4 13 Filtering while capturing Display filters allow you to concentrate on the packets you are interested in while hiding the currently uninteresting ones They allow you to select packets by e Protocol e The presence of a field e The values of fields e A comparison between fields e and a lot more To select packets based on protocol type simply type the protocol in which you are interested in the Filter field in the filter toolbar of the Wireshark window and press enter to initiate the filter Figure 6 6 Filtering on the TCP protocol shows an example of what happens when you type tep in the filter field Fal Note a All protocol and field names are entered in lowercase Also don t forget to press enter after entering the filter expression 100 Working with captured packets Figure 6 6 Filtering on the TCP protocol test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help SweaeewioGBxe 6 8 eo oF Z BIA Filter ficp v Expression Clear Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 11 1 226156 192 168 0 2 192 TCP 3196 gt http SYI Seg 0 Len 0 M 23 1 251868 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 2 5000 ACK Seq 1 Ack 1 Win Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168
259. pecified This menu item allows the user to force Wireshark to decode Decodes certain packets as a particular protocol see Section 10 4 3 Show User Specified Decodes Follow TCP This menu item brings up a separate window and displays Stream all the TCP segments captured that are on the same TCP comnection as a selected packet see Section 7 2 Following TCP streams Follow UDP Same functionality as Follow TCP Stream but for UDP Stream streams Follow SSL Same functionality as Follow TCP Stream but for SSL Stream streams XXX how to provide the SSL keys Expert Info Open a dialog showing some expert information about the captured packets The amount of information will depend on the protocol and varies from very detailed to non existent XXX add a new section about this and link from here Conversation In this menu you will find conversation filter for various Filter gt protocols 3 11 The Statistics menu The Wireshark Statistics menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 8 Statistics menu items 33 User Interface Figure 3 9 The Statistics Menu 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 Conversation List Endpoint List Service Response Time Wtest cap oog File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help Daal A amp FB Summary BEB aaan um B Protocol Hierarchy E Filter Conversations fi Expression Clear Appl
260. pecify the maximum amount of data that will be captured for each packet and is sometimes referred to as the snaplen If disabled the value is set to the maximum 65535 which will be sufficient for most protocols Some rules of thumb If you are unsure just keep the default value e If you don t need all of the data in a packet for example if you only need the link layer IP and TCP headers you might want to choose a small snapshot length as less CPU time is required for copying packets less buffer space is required for packets and thus perhaps fewer packets will be dropped if traffic is very heavy e If you don t capture all of the data in a packet you might find that the packet data you want is in the part that s dropped or that reassembly isn t possible as the data required for reassembly is missing Enter the buffer size to be used while capturing This is the size of the kernel buffer which will keep the captured packets 55 Capturing Live Network Data until they are written to disk If you encounter packet drops try increasing this value Capture packets in monitor mode This checkbox allows you to setup the Wireless interface to Unix Linux only capture all traffic it can receive not just the traffic on the BSS to which it is associated which can happen even when you set promiscuous mode Also it might be necessary to turn this option on in order to see IEEE 802 11 headers and or radio information from t
261. pen Cancel Close this dialog This will discard unsaved settings new profiles will not be added and deleted profiles will not be deleted Help Show this help page User Table The User Table editor is used for managing various tables in wireshark Its main dialog works very similarly to that of Section 10 3 Packet colorization Display Filter Macros Display Filter Macros are a mechanism to create shortcuts for complex filters For example defining a display filter macro named tep_conv whose text is ip sre 1 and ip dst 2 and tcp srcport 3 and tcp dstport 4 or ip sre 2 and ip dst 1 and tcp srcport 4 and tcp dstport 3 would allow to use a display filter like tep_conv 10 1 1 2 10 1 1 3 1200 1400 instead of typing the whole filter Display Filter Macros can be managed with a Section 10 7 User Table by selecting Analyze _ Display Filter Macros from the menu The User Table has the following fields Name The name of the macro Text The replacement text for the macro it uses 1 2 3 as the input arguments ESS Category Attributes Wireshark uses this table to map ESS Security Category attributes to textual representations The values to put in this table are usually found in a XML SPIF which is used for defining security labels This table is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields Tag Set An Object Identifier representing the Catego
262. play Options frame sariren se dos see aeae Sha wade sev ousdedeu Ea E aa 53 4 5 5 Name Resolution frame 20 0 0 cece eee ceee e a EE cece cena cena Ea EEG 54 ADO BUUONSs esoe e tec e a fuwetseaessondeedeteepecny mech geuatesegh swansea Sede 54 4 6 The Edit Interface Settings dialog DOX ssessssuesesseerrsresrrsresreresrrerrsrrerreresrere 54 4 7 The Compile Results dialog DOX 2 0 0 ennnen NE S nia 56 4 8 The Add New Interfaces dialog DOX 0 cceeeeeeeeeececeeceueeeeeeecenaeeeeueeeeaeeeeaneeea 57 4 31 Add of remove Pipes reep e E EE Ap NEE R ESTEE a 59 4 8 2 Add or hide local interfaces rsen cee i E E S E a 60 4 8 3 Add or hide remote interfaces eseeeseeeeeseesrrererreresrrerrrresrrrrsrreerere 61 4 9 The Remote Capture Interfaces dialog DOX 0 0 0 0 ceee eee ceee ce eece toca tena een eens 61 4 9 1 Remote Capture Interfaces sasse pennn e Eo p EE a EEE ERER 62 4 9 2 Remote Capture Settings susieina e r E S N 63 4 10 The Interface Details dialog DOX ssssesseessssrsrserrssrerrsresrrrresreresrrerrereerreees 64 4 11 Capture files and file modes 0 0 0 0 cece ee ec cece cece een eeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeaes 64 4 12 Link layer header type seveses sacuecevvne sates E EREA ERS 65 4 13 Filtern while Capturing enoe vee e es ears sacs es eden E R das EE ee ee ER Perk 66 4 13 1 Automatic Remote Traffic Filtering cece cece ceee ce eeen teen sean eenes 67 4 14 While a Capture i
263. plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 5 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Program or any work
264. ptured in the last second Stop a currently running capture Start a capture on all selected interfaces immediately using the settings from the last capture or the default settings if no options have been set Open the Capture Options dialog with the marked interfaces selected see Section 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box Open a dialog with detailed information about the interface see Section 4 10 The Interface Details dialog box Show this help page Close this dialog box 49 Capturing Live Network Data 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box When you select Options from the Capture menu or use the corresponding item in the Main toolbar Wireshark pops up the Capture Options dialog box as shown in Figure 4 3 The Capture Options dialog box 50 Capturing Live Network Data Wireshark Capture Options Capture Capture Interface Link layer header etho amp 10 0 1 109 Ethernet Fe80 20c 29FFFeja 3a40 USB bus number 1 usbm USB with padded Linux heade USB bus number 2 usbm USB with padded Linux heade Pseudo device that capt Linux cooked lo loopback Capture on all interfaces _ Capture all in promiscuous mode Capture Filter E Capture File s Display File Browse upd Use multiple Files Use pcap ng Format SH Aut Ne I Next Mle every minute s wf Hide Ring buffer with Files Name R Stop capture
265. pturing Live Network Data Sampling option 1 every x This option limits the Remote Packet Capture Protocol service milliseconds to send only a sub sampling of the captured data in terms of time This allows capture over a narrow band capture session of a higher bandwidth interface 4 10 The Interface Details dialog box When you select Details from the Capture Interface menu Wireshark pops up the Interface Details dialog box as shown in Figure 4 12 The Interface Details dialog box This dialog shows various characteristics and statistics for the selected interface P Microsoft Windows only This dialog is only available on Microsoft Windows Figure 4 12 The Interface Details dialog box Wireshark Interface Details jol x Characteristics Statistics 802 3 Ethernet Characteristics Vendor description Parallels OEM Adapter Microsoft s Packet Scheduler Interface Device NPF_ 5D34CEE1 5D21 4423 414B 9412C64313EB Link status Connected Link speed 1000 MBits s Media supported 802 3 Ethernet Medium in use 802 3 Ethernet Physical medium NDIS Driver Version 5 0 Vendor Driver Version Vendor ID 00 1C 42 Parallel NIC 00 MAC Options 802 1P Priority Unsupported 802 10 VLAN Unsupported VLAN ID Transmit Buffer Space 524288 Receive Buffer Space 524288 Transmit Block Size 1514 Receive Block Size 1514 Maximum Packet Size 1514 Note accuracy of all of these values are only relying
266. r Novell LANalyzer tr1 Sun snoop snoop cap e Visual Networks Visual UpTime traffic 75 File Input Output and Printing e new file formats are added from time to time If the above tools will be more helpful than Wireshark is a different question Third party protocol analyzers may require specific file P extensions Other protocol analyzers than Wireshark may require that the file has a certain file extension in order to read the files you generate with Wireshark e g cap for Network Associates Sniffer Windows 5 4 Merging capture files 5 4 1 Sometimes you need to merge several capture files into one For example this can be useful if you have captured simultaneously from multiple interfaces at once e g using multiple instances of Wireshark Merging capture files can be done in three ways e Use the menu item Merge from the File menu to open the merge dialog see Section 5 4 1 The Merge with Capture File dialog box This menu item will be disabled until you have loaded a capture file e Use drag and drop to drop multiple files on the main window Wireshark will try to merge the packets in chronological order from the dropped files into a newly created temporary file If you drop only a single file it will simply replace a maybe existing one e Use the mergecap tool which is a command line tool to merge capture files This tool provides the most options to me
267. r IP time to live values to determine connection endpoints e Check order Check for the same IP ID in the previous packet at each end e Time variance Trigger an error if the packet arrives this many milliseconds after the average delay e Filter Limit comparison to packets that match this display filter The info column contains new numbering so the same packets are parallel The color filtering differentiate the two files from each other A zebra effect is create if the Info column is sorted Tip Ls If you click on an item in the error list its corresponding packet will be selected in the main window 8 9 WLAN Traffic Statistics Statistics of the captured WLAN traffic This window will summarize the wireless network traffic found in the capture Probe requests will be merged into an existing network if the SSID matches 134 Statistics Figure 8 9 The WLAN Traffic Statistics window Wireshark WAN Trafic stateice Wi pcap WLAN Traffic Statistics BSSID Channel SSID Beacons Data Packets Probe Req Probe Resp Auth Deauth Other Percent Protection 00 13 1a a0 12 c0 0 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 00 02 e3 46 99 f8 11 AMX 744 6 0 14 0 0 0 0 46 WEP 00 0e 2e c2 15 07 1 Fortress GB 13 0 0 0 0 0 Oo 0 01 94 43 o Name resolution Only show existing networks ou Ser Each row in the list shows the statistical values for exactly one wireless network Name resolution will be done if selected in the w
268. r both fields 11 9 4 8 nstime _It Compares two NSTimes 11 9 4 8 1 Errors e Data source must be the same for both fields 11 9 4 9 nstime secs The NSTime seconds 11 9 4 10 nstime nsecs The NSTime nano seconds 11 9 5 Pinfo Packet information 11 9 5 1 pinfo number The number of this packet in the current file 11 9 5 2 pinfo len The length of the frame 11 9 5 3 pinfo caplen The captured length of the frame 11 9 5 4 pinfo abs ts When the packet was captured 11 9 5 5 pinfo rel_ts Number of seconds passed since beginning of capture 174 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 9 5 6 pinfo delta_ts Number of seconds passed since the last captured packet 11 9 5 7 pinfo delta_dis_ts Number of seconds passed since the last displayed packet 11 9 5 8 pinfo visited Whether this packet hass been already visited 11 9 5 9 pinfo src Source Address of this Packet 11 9 5 10 pinfo dst Destination Address of this Packet 11 9 5 11 pinfo lo lower Address of this Packet 11 9 5 12 pinfo hi higher Address of this Packet 11 9 5 13 pinfo dl_src Data Link Source Address of this Packet 11 9 5 14 pinfo dl_dst Data Link Destination Address of this Packet 11 9 5 15 pinfo net_src Network Layer Source Address of this Packet 11 9 5 16 pinfo net_dst Network Layer Destination Address of this Packet 11 9 5 17 pinfo ptype Type of Port of src_port and dst_port 11
269. rame after n packet s after n megabytes s after n minute s Stop capturing after the given number of packets have been captured Stop capturing after the given number of byte s kilobyte s megabyte s gigabyte s have been captured This option is greyed out if Use multiple files is selected Stop capturing after the given number of second s minutes s hours s days s have elapsed 4 5 4 Display Options frame Update list of packets in real time Automatic scrolling in live capture This option allows you to specify that Wireshark should update the packet list pane in real time If you do not specify this Wireshark does not display any packets until you stop the capture When you check this Wireshark captures in a separate process and feeds the captures to the display process This option allows you to specify that Wireshark should scroll the packet list pane as new packets come in so you are always looking at the last packet If you do not specify this Wireshark simply adds new packets onto the end of the list but does not scroll the packet list pane This option is greyed out if Update list of packets in real time is disabled 53 Capturing Live Network Data Hide capture info dialog If this option is checked the capture info dialog described in Section 4 14 While a Capture is running will be hidden 4 5 5 Name Resolution frame Enable MAC name resolution Enable n
270. ray 11 12 1 7 1 Arguments index The position of the byte to get 11 12 1 7 2 Returns The value 0 255 of the byte 11 12 1 8 bytearray len Obtain the length of a ByteArray 11 12 1 8 1 Returns The length of the ByteArray 11 12 1 9 bytearray subset offset length Obtain a segment of a ByteArray 11 12 1 9 1 Arguments offset The position of the first byte length The length of the segment 11 12 1 9 2 Returns A ByteArray contaning the requested segment A string contaning a representaion of the ByteArray 11 12 2 Int Int64 represents a 64 bit integer Lua uses one single number representation which can be chosen at compile time and since it is often set to IEEE 754 double precision floating point we cannot store a 64 bit integer with full precision For details see http lua users org wiki FloatingPoint 11 12 3 Tvb A Tvb represents the packet s buffer It is passed as an argument to listeners and dissectors and can be used to extract information via TvbRange from the packet s data Beware that Tvbs are usable only by the current listener or dissector call and are destroyed as soon as the listener dissector returns so references to them are unusable once the function has returned To create a tvbrange the tvb must be called with offset and length as optional arguments the offset defaults to 0 and the length to tvb lenQ 11 12 3 1 ByteArray tvb name Creates a new Tvb from a bytearray it gets added to
271. re packets from multiple interfaces the toggle buttons can be used to select one or more interfaces Figure 4 1 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Microsoft Windows 7 Wireshark Capture Interfaces j Description IP Packets wi AirPcap USB wireless capture adapter nr 03 none 20 Ef Microsoft feGOrc446 5291 daa2abfc 0 Help start stop Options 48 Capturing Live Network Data Figure 4 2 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Unix Linux Wireshark Capture Interfaces Device O etho Description _ usbmon1 USB bus number 1 usbmon 2 USB bus number 2 _ any Pseudo device that captures on all interfaces be lo Help Device Unix Linux only Description IP Packets Packets s Stop Start Options Details Microsoft Windows only Help Close barh diL g Lent The interface device name The interface description provided by the operating system or the user defined comment added in Section 10 5 1 Interface The first IP address Wireshark could find for this interface You can click on the address to cycle through other addresses assigned to it if available If no address could be found none will be displayed The number of packets captured from this interface since this dialog was opened Will be greyed out if no packet was captured in the last second Number of packets captured in the last second Will be greyed out if no packet was ca
272. re to get the latest copy of this document The latest copy of this documentation can always be found at http www wireshark org docs 6 Providing feedback about this document Should you have any feedback about this document please send it to the authors through wireshark dev AT wireshark org Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 What is Wireshark 1 1 1 1 1 2 Wireshark is a network packet analyzer A network packet analyzer will try to capture network packets and tries to display that packet data as detailed as possible You could think of a network packet analyzer as a measuring device used to examine what s going on inside a network cable just like a voltmeter is used by an electrician to examine what s going on inside an electric cable but at a higher level of course In the past such tools were either very expensive proprietary or both However with the advent of Wireshark all that has changed Wireshark is perhaps one of the best open source packet analyzers available today Some intended purposes Here are some examples people use Wireshark for e network administrators use it to troubleshoot network problems e network security engineers use it to examine security problems e developers use it to debug protocol implementations e people use it to learn network protocol internals Beside these examples Wireshark can be helpful in many other situations too Features The following are some of the many
273. reees 132 8 8 C mpare two capture files oasen ose geb ea cxneeedd seg eentaspagen td otgenb beens AEE NE 133 8 9 WLAN Traffic Statistics 0 cccccccccciuesdeccdecctee davcctecadecouccoussevecanecuecddecssd ddesnenecces 134 8 10 The protocol specific statistics WINCOWS cseeeeseeceeeeeceeecenneeeeeeeeeaeeeean eres 135 QO Telephony sis ssdeitvnsatedsh E E ale ees Bien a O INS 136 9T IntrOGUcti Ons iassticis sacha chates eset bat xe Sande eaten test aben a habs ea bbe eee ee eel eae es 136 92 RTP ANALYSIS 25sec conceit ifeagct prec Matetee shane eeec teenie E R AA 136 973 VOIP Calls ico Sess dycbievsnbeondee lesen geen vsindes Sy nE te See E he stanned sass wonaseneSec oes 136 94 ETEMAC Trattic Statistics eonen na a E ahh ea detana eg Mar sade a E 137 OSS LTE REC Traffic Statisties pisne dad aces onweni vel toa pteui tes e a EERS 137 9 6 The protocol specific statistics WiINdOWS cee eeeee cece cece eee ece ence eeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 138 10 Customizing Wireshark ieee nb secinse weandep eee seos EEEE ERAR E ER EE 139 10 1 Introducn om eae acess a eaus A nates een aes Ca Saeed ee eS en eA 139 10 2 Start Wireshark from the command line cceeeeeeee eee eeeeceeeeeeeeeeeneeeenees 139 10 3 Packet colorization lt lt s ccecesseecacev e a i a E a E E 145 10 4 Control Protocol dissection ceceeeceee seca eeeeceeeeceeeecaeeeeaeeneeaeeeeaeeneea senor 147 10 4 1 The Enabled Protoco
274. rent simply because you can t connect to the name server which you could connect to before e DNS may add additional packets to your capture file You may see packets to from your machine in your capture file which are caused by name resolution network services of the machine Wireshark captures from XXX are there any other such packets than DNS ones Resolved DNS names are cached by Wireshark This is required for acceptable performance However if the name resolution information should change while Wireshark is running Wireshark won t notice a change in the name resolution information once it gets cached If this information changes while Wireshark is running e g a new DHCP lease takes effect Wireshark won t notice it XXX is this true for all or only for DNS info Tip The name resolution in the packet list is done while the list is filled If a name could be resolved after a packet was added to the list that former entry won t be changed As the name resolution results are cached you can use View Reload to rebuild the packet list this time with the correctly resolved names However this isn t possible while a capture is in progress Ethernet name resolution MAC layer Try to resolve an Ethernet MAC address e g 00 09 5b 01 02 03 to something more human readable 121 Advanced Topics 7 7 3 7 1 4 7 1 5 ARP name resolution system service Wireshark will ask the operating system to convert an
275. revious file in the file set 5 6 1 The List Files dialog box Figure 5 11 The List Files dialog box Wireshark 17 Files in Set Filename Created Last Modified Size f 2005 08 19 18 15 03 2005 08 19 18 15 05 1067 Bytes test1_00002_20050819181505 pcap test1_00003_20050819181505 pcap test1_00004_20050819181506 pcap test1_00005_20050819181507 pcap test1_00006_20050819161507 pcap test1_00007_20050819181508 pcap test1_00008_20050819181509 pcap test1_00009_20050819161510 pcap test1_00010_20050819181512 pcap test1_00011_20050819181513 pcap test1_00012_20050819181514 pcap test1_00013_20050819181516 pcap test1_00014_20050819181517 pcap test1_00015_20050819181518 pcap test1_00016_20050819181518 pcap test1_00017_20050819181518 pcap in directory D fileset Each line contains information about a file of the file set Filename the name of the file If you click on the filename or the radio button left to it the current file will be closed and the corresponding capture file will be opened e Created the creation time of the file e Last Modified the last time the file was modified 80 File Input Output and Printing e Size the size of the file The last line will contain info about the currently used directory where all of the files in the file set can be found The content of this dialog box is updated each time a capture file is opened closed The Close button wi
276. rfaces it is possible to choose to capture on all available interfaces This checkbox allows you to specify that Wireshark should put all interfaces in promiscuous mode when capturing This field allows you to specify a capture filter for all interfaces that are currently selected Once a filter has been entered in this field the newly selected interfaces will inherit the filter Capture filters are discussed in more details in Section 4 13 Filtering while capturing It defaults to empty or no filter You can also click on the button labeled Capture Filter and Wireshark will bring up the Capture Filters dialog box and allow you to create and or select a filter Please see Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters This button allows you to compile the capture filter into BPF code and pop up a window showing you the resulting pseudo code This can help in understanding the working of the capture filter you created The Compile selected BPFs button leads you to Figure 4 5 The Compile Results dialog box The Manage Interfaces button leads you to Figure 4 6 The Add New Interfaces dialog box where pipes can be defined local interfaces scanned or hidden or remote interfaces added Windows only 52 Capturing Live Network Data 4 5 2 Capture File s frame An explanation about capture file usage can be found in Section 4 11 Capture files and file modes File Use multip
277. rge based on frame timestamps s lt snaplen gt truncate packets to lt snaplen gt bytes of data w lt outfile gt set the output filename to lt outfile gt or for stdout F lt capture type gt set the output file type default is libpcap an empty F option will list the file types T lt encap type gt set the output file encapsulation type default is the same as the first input file an empty T option will list the encapsulation types Miscellaneous h display this help and exit v verbose output A simple example merging dhcp capture libpcap and imap 1 libpcap into outfile libpcap is shown below Example D 9 Simple example of using mergecap mergecap w outfile libpcap dhcp capture libpcap imap 1 libpcap D 9 text2pcap Converting ASCII hexdumps to network captures There may be some occasions when you wish to convert a hex dump of some network traffic into a libpcap file 224 Related command line tools Text2pcap is a program that reads in an ASCII hex dump and writes the data described into a libpcap style capture file text2pcap can read hexdumps with multiple packets in them and build a capture file of multiple packets text2pcap is also capable of generating dummy Ethernet IP and UDP headers in order to build fully processable packet dumps from hexdumps of application level data only Text2pcap understands a hexdump of the form generated by od A x t x1 In other words each byte is indiv
278. rge capture files see Section D 8 mergecap Merging multiple capture files into one The Merge with Capture File dialog box This dialog box let you select a file to be merged into the currently loaded file Ej You will be prompted for an unsaved file first le If your current data wasn t saved before you will be asked to save it first before this dialog box is shown Most controls of this dialog will work the same way as described in the Open Capture File dialog box see Section 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog box Specific controls of this merge dialog are Prepend packets to existing file Prepend the packets from the selected file before the currently loaded packets Merge packets chronologically Merge both the packets from the selected and currently loaded file in chronological order Append packets to existing file Append the packets from the selected file after the currently loaded packets 76 File Input Output and Printing Table 5 3 The system specific Merge Capture File As dialog box Figure 5 7 Merge on _native Microsoft Windows Windows This is the common Windows file open dialog pamper ae plus some Wireshark extensions Lock jn fleset est _00001 _20050819181503 peap FJeestt _00008_200 z test _00015_20 00002 _20050819181505 pcap fte _00009 c test _90016 20 00003 _20050819181505 pcap test _0010 test _90017_20 00004 _20050819181505 pcap testi 00
279. ring pinfo dst dst 1 end this function will be called once every few seconds to update our window function tap draw t tw clear for ip num in pairs ips do twrappend ip ss XE ae num se a 3 end 160 Lua Support in Wireshark end this function will be called whenever a reset is needed e g when reloading the capture file function tap reset tw clear ips end end using this function we register our function to be called when the user selects the Tools gt Test gt Packets menu register_menu Test Packets menuable_tap MENU_TOOLS end 11 4 Wireshark s Lua API Reference Manual This Part of the User Guide describes the Wireshark specific functions in the embedded Lua 11 5 Saving capture files 11 5 1 Dumper 11 5 1 1 Dumper new filename filetype encap Creates a file to write packets Dumper new_for_current will probably be a better choice 11 5 1 1 1 Arguments filename The name of the capture file to be created filetype optional The type of the file to be created encap optional The encapsulation to be used in the file to be created 11 5 1 1 2 Returns The newly created Dumper object 11 5 1 1 3 Errors e Not every filetype handles every encap 11 5 1 2 dumper close Closes a dumper 11 5 1 2 1 Errors e Cannot operate on a closed dumper 11 5 1 3 dumper flush Writes all unsaved data of a dumper to the disk 11 5 1 4 dumper dump
280. rotocol subtrees that are expanded and uses it to ensure that the correct subtrees are expanded when you display a packet This menu item collapses the tree view of all packets in the capture list 98 Working with captured packets Identical to main menu s item Description Use the selected protocol item to create a new column in the packet list Apply as Filter Analyze Prepare and apply a display filter based on the currently selected item Prepare a Filter Analyze Prepare a display filter based on the currently selected item Colorize with This menu item uses a display filter with the information Filter from the selected protocol item to build a new colorizing tule Follow TCP Analyze Allows you to view all the data on a TCP stream between a Stream pair of nodes Follow UDP Analyze Allows you to view all the data on a UDP datagram stream Stream between a pair of nodes Follow SSL Analyze Same as Follow TCP Stream but for SSL XXX add a Stream new section describing this better Copy Edit Copy the displayed text of the selected field to the system Description clipboard Copy Fieldname Edit Copy the name of the selected field to the system clipboard Copy Value Edit Copy the value of the selected field to the system clipboard Copy As Filter Edit Prepare a display filter based on the currently selected item and copy it to the clipboar
281. ry Tag Set Value The value Label And Cert Value representing the Category Name The textual representation for the value 10 10 GeolP Database Paths If your copy of Wireshark supports MaxMind s GeoIP library you can use their databases to match IP addresses to countries cites autonomous system numbers ISPs and other bits of information Some 154 Customizing Wireshark databases are available at no cost while others require a licensing fee See the MaxMind web site for more information This table is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields Database pathname This specifies a directory containing GeolIP data files Any files beginning with Geo and ending with dat will be automatically loaded A total of 8 files can be loaded The locations for your data files are up to you but usr share GeoIP Linux C GeoIP Windows C Program Files Wireshark GeoIP Windows might be good choices 10 11 IKEv2 decryption table Wireshark can decrypt Encrypted Payloads of IKEv2 Internet Key Exchange version 2 packets if necessary information is provided Note that you can decrypt only IKEv2 packets with this feature If you want to decrypt IKEv1 packets or ESP packets use Log Filename setting under ISAKMP protocol preference or settings under ESP protocol preference respectively This table is handled by an Section 10 7 User Table with the following fields Initiator s SPI
282. s window size value 64240 Mi 0000 600 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 Ob Sd 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 ee eee 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO a amp OO 02 cO ag O H a ee 0020 00 O01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 wee P lt 6 0 p 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 A A eager S File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 015 Profile Default Table 3 11 Help menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Dissector tables This menu item brings up a dialog box showing the tables with subdissector relationships Supported This menu item brings up a dialog box showing the supported Protocols protocols and protocol fields slow 3 15 The Help menu The Wireshark Help menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 12 Help menu items User Interface Figure 3 13 The Help Menu Tal test cap File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help Ta AAA SaEXSEA QC S D T L H Contents F pat m m 92 Manual Pages gt Wireshark Filter x E Wireshark Filter Website No Time Source Destination FAQ s TShark 1 0 900000 iee Wre we Broadcast i RawShark 2 J ai 2 wiki Dumpcap Downloads Mergecap r 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 Sample Captures Editcap in groug Text2 WB About Wireshark bebe li 111 226156 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 1 TCP 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 wi
283. s 1 Using the menu item Capture Restart 2 Using the toolbar item et Restart 69 Chapter 5 File Input Output and Printing 5 1 Introduction This chapter will describe input and output of capture data e Open Import capture files in various capture file formats e Save Export capture files in various capture file formats e Merge capture files together e Print packets 5 2 Open capture files 5 2 1 Wireshark can read in previously saved capture files To read them simply select the menu or toolbar item File Open Wireshark will then pop up the File Open dialog box which is discussed in more detail in Section 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog box It s convenient to use drag and drop a to open a file by simply dragging the desired file from your file manager and dropping it onto Wireshark s main window However drag and drop is not available won t work in all desktop environments If you haven t previously saved the current capture file you will be asked to do so to prevent data loss this behaviour can be disabled in the preferences In addition to its native file format libpcap format also used by tepdump WinDump and other libpcap WinPcap based programs Wireshark can read capture files from a large number of other packet capture programs as well See Section 5 2 2 Input File Formats for the list of capture formats Wireshark understands The Open Capture File
284. s This might be useful for example if you do some uncommon experiments on your network 148 Customizing Wireshark Decode As is accessed by selecting the Decode As item from the Analyze menu Wireshark will pop up the Decode As dialog box as shown in Figure 10 6 The Decode As dialog box Figure 10 6 The Decode As dialog box Wireshark Decode As DEE Link Network Transport Do not decode TCP source 3196 Y port s as Show Current Te The content of this dialog box depends on the selected packet when it was opened fi Warning These settings will be lost if you quit Wireshark or change profile unless you save the entries in the Show User Specified Decodes windows Section 10 4 3 Show User Specified Decodes a Decode Decode packets the selected way 2 Do not decode Do not decode packets the selected way 3 Link Network Transport Specify the network layer at which Decode As should take place Which of these pages are available depends on the content of the selected packet when this dialog box is opened D Show Current Open a dialog box showing the current list of user specified decodes 5 OK Apply the currently selected decode and close the dialog box joy Apply Apply the currently selected decode and keep the dialog box open 7 Cancel Cancel the changes and close the dialog box 10 4 3 Show User Specified Decodes This dialog box sho
285. s of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPL
286. s by clicking on one of the name resolution check buttons Details about name resolution can be found in Section 7 7 Name Resolution Save a lot of time loading huge capture files a You can change the display filter and name resolution settings later while viewing the packets However loading huge capture files can take a significant amount of extra time if these settings are changed later so in such situations it can be a good idea to set at least the filter in advance here Table 5 1 The system specific Open Capture File dialog box Figure 5 1 Open on native Windows Microsoft Windows Wireshark Open Capture File 7 This is the common Windows file open dialog Look in filecet plus some Wireshark extensions BB eest1_00001_20050819181503 pcap test _00007_20050819181508 pcap test1_00002_2008081918150S pcap test _00008_20050819181509 pcap s i ppan test1 _00009_20050819181510 pcap Specific for this dialog pee perpen aee eoo aonaran pea test1_o0005_20050819161507 pcap testi 00011 _20050819181513 pcsp m W Beest1_00005_20050819161507 pcap test _00012_20050819181514 pcap e If available the Help button will lead you to gt this section of this User s Guide Filename test _00004_20050813181506 peap Help Files of type All Files z P Note a The Filter button currently doesn t work on Windows Fitter testt_00004_200508 WreshatkAcpdump V MAC name reso
287. s by simply using your web browser Q amp A Forum The Wireshark Q and A forum at http ask wireshark org offers a resource where questions and answers come together You have the option to search what questions were asked before and what answers were given by people who knew about the issue Answers are graded so you can pick out the best ones easily If your issue isn t discussed before you can post one yourself FAQ The Frequently Asked Questions will list often asked questions and the corresponding answers P Read the FAQ Before sending any mail to the mailing lists below be sure to read the FAQ as it will often answer the question s you might have This will save yourself and others a lot of time keep in mind that a lot of people are subscribed to the mailing lists Introduction 1 6 5 1 6 6 You will find the FAQ inside Wireshark by clicking the menu item Help Contents and selecting the FAQ page in the dialog shown An online version is available at the Wireshark website http www wireshark org faq html You might prefer this online version as it s typically more up to date and the HTML format is easier to use Mailing Lists There are several mailing lists of specific Wireshark topics available wireshark announce This mailing list will inform you about new program releases which usually appear about every 4 8 weeks wireshark users This list is for users of Wireshark People post questions about b
288. s running o oo cece a r oE a E esau esau eens eeaes 68 4 14 1 Stop the running Capture sssr ne e en E n p even p a eana 68 4 14 2 Restart a running Capture oeir E E EA E E ESET 69 5 File Input Output and Printing aseene naren s a a e E n E S Ea IE 70 Del nto Uh On ee n r E E A E E a ee eee 70 5 2 Open CAptire TES dnn a o e R A E EE EEE RNE 70 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog bOX 0 0 0 eee cece ccee cee ceeeeeeeea seen sean eeaes 70 5 22 Input FUS POrmats meien se ash as secon gees tag ews ecatacs dune deen su E eE ot 72 5 3 Saving captured packets rennes seners ei En aE E E E E E eeu eeaeegs 73 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog bOX 000 00 cece cece ence en eec scene eeneeeneeennees 73 J32 Output Bile ROtmats seon a aE ceds tad oe ada ee eee ede 75 5 4 Merging capture files srice ppe ees bescseeie R dan E E E EIN 76 5 4 1 The Merge with Capture File dialog box ssssensssesiesresrrrrsrrerrsrrrrrrreere 76 5 9 Import text flee 2 05 ence r eno semis hha eoep E E E A E E e E A arses 77 5 5 1 The File import dialog DOX 20 0 0 iepa oi a e a e 78 Wireshark User s Guide 9 6 PIE SOts ENA A A ARESE gs vad ose ceweeagens see E E E wes obey seen Ageab eee the bysebeees yao oberon es 79 5 6 1 The List Files dialog Dox none isa neie ea E e E A E Load ies 80 Deh EXporting datas siener ee e e aa a e aa a aaa tase aa a utes 81 5 7 1 The Export as Plain Text File dialog box 20 0 0 eee cece cece e
289. s with multiple packets in them and build a capture file of multiple packets It is also capable of generating dummy Ethernet IP and UDP TCP or SCTP headers in order to build fully processable packet dumps from hexdumps of application level data only Wireshark understands a hexdump of the form generated by od Ax tx1 v In other words each byte is individually displayed and surrounded with a space Each line begins with an offset describing the position in the file The offset is a hex number can also be octal or decimal of more than two hex digits Here is a sample dump that can be imported 77 File Input Output and Printing 5 5 1 000000 00 e0 le a7 05 6f 00 10 000008 5a a0 b9 12 08 00 46 00 000010 03 68 00 00 00 00 Oa 2e 000018 ee 33 Of 19 08 7E Of 19 000020 03 80 94 04 00 00 10 Ol 000028 16 a2 0a 00 03 50 00 Oc 000030 01 01 Of 19 03 80 11 UI There is no limit on the width or number of bytes per line Also the text dump at the end of the line is ignored Bytes hex numbers can be uppercase or lowercase Any text before the offset is ignored including email forwarding characters gt Any lines of text between the bytestring lines is ignored The offsets are used to track the bytes so offsets must be correct Any line which has only bytes without a leading offset is ignored An offset is recognized as being a hex number longer than two characters Any text
290. s would also like to thank the following people for their helpful feedback on this document e Pat Eyler for his suggestions on improving the example on generating a backtrace e Martin Regner for his various suggestions and corrections e Graeme Hewson for a lot of grammatical corrections The authors would like to acknowledge those man page and README authors for the Wireshark project from who sections of this document borrow heavily e Scott Renfro from whose mergecap man page Section D 8 mergecap Merging multiple capture files into one is derived e Ashok Narayanan from whose text2pceap man page Section D 9 text2pcap Converting ASCI hexdumps to network captures is derived Preface e Frank Singleton from whose README idl2wrs Section D 10 idl2wrs Creating dissectors from CORBA IDL files is derived 4 About this document This book was originally developed by Richard Sharpe with funds provided from the Wireshark Fund It was updated by Ed Warnicke and more recently redesigned and updated by Ulf Lamping It is written in DocBook XML You will find some specially marked parts in this book A This is a warning You should pay attention to a warning as otherwise data loss might occur DP This is a note A note will point you to common mistakes and things that might not be obvious This is a tip Tips will be helpful for your everyday work using Wireshark 5 Whe
291. se Appends text 11 7 1 4 1 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be called for something not a ProgDlg 11 7 2 TextWindow Manages a text window 11 7 2 1 TextWindow new title Creates a new TextWindow 11 7 2 1 1 Arguments title optional Title of the new window 11 7 2 1 2 Returns The newly created TextWindow object 11 7 2 1 3 Errors e GUI not available 11 7 2 2 textwindow set_atclose action Set the function that will be called when the window closes 11 7 2 2 1 Arguments action A function to be executed when the user closes the window 11 7 2 2 2 Returns The TextWindow object 11 7 2 2 3 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 11 7 2 3 textwindow set text Sets the text 11 7 2 3 1 Arguments text The text to be used 166 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 7 2 3 2 Returns The TextWindow object 11 7 2 3 3 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow Expired TextWindow 11 7 2 4 textwindow append text Appends text 11 7 2 4 1 Arguments text The text to be appended 11 7 2 4 2 Returns The TextWindow object 11 7 2 4 3 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow Expired TextWindow 11 7 2 5 textwindow prepend text Prepends text 11 7 2 5 1 Arguments text The text to be appended 11 7 2 5 2 Returns The TextWindow object 11 7 2 5 3 Errors e GUI not available e Cannot be call
292. sequent keys must match descriptions in the protocol detail Values will be used as the PATH variable in the location template If PATH isn t present in the location template the value will be appended to the location Suppose the file C Users sam clemens AppData Roaming Wireshark protocol_help wikipedia ini contains the following Wikipedia en protocol help file Help file initialization source The source of the help information e g Inacon or Wikipedia version Currently unused Must be 1 url_template Template for generated URLs See URL Data below database source Wikipedia version 1 url_template http S language wikipedia org wiki PATH Substitution data for the location template Each occurence of the keys below in the location template will be substituted with their corresponding values For example S license in the URL template above will be replaced with the value of license below PATH is reserved for the help paths below do not specify it here location data language en Maps Wireshark protocol names to section names below Each key MUST match a valid protocol name Each value MUST have a matching section below map tcp TCP Mapped protocol sections Keys must match protocol detail items descriptions TCP _OVERVIEW Transmission_Control_Protocol Destination port Transmission_Control_Protocol TCP_ports Source port Transmission_Control_Protocol TCP_ports
293. st pane 6 11 Ignoring packets You can ignore packets in the Packet List pane Wireshark will then pretend that this packets does not exist in the capture file An ignored packet will be shown with white background and gray foreground regardless of the coloring rules set fi Warning The packet ignored marks are not stored in the capture file or anywhere else so all packet ignored marks will be lost if you close the capture file 109 Working with captured packets There are three functions to manipulate the ignored state of a packet e Ignore packet toggle toggles the ignored state of a single packet e Ignore all displayed packets set the ignored state of all displayed packets e Un Ignore all packets reset the ignored state of all packets These ignore functions are available from the Edit menu and the Ignore packet toggle function is also available from the pop up menu of the Packet List pane 6 12 Time display formats and time references While packets are captured each packet is timestamped These timestamps will be saved to the capture file so they will be available for later analysis A detailed description of timestamps timezones and alike can be found at Section 7 4 Time Stamps The timestamp presentation format and the precision in the packet list can be chosen using the View menu see Figure 3 5 The View Menu The available presentation formats are e Date and Time of D
294. t i lt proto gt u lt srcp gt lt destp gt T lt srcp gt lt destp gt s lt srcp gt lt dstp gt lt tag gt S lt srcp gt lt dstp gt lt ppi gt Miscellaneous parse offsets as h ex o ctal or d ecimal default is hex treat the text before the packet as a date time code the specified argument is a format string of the sort supported by strptime Example The time 10 15 14 5476 has the format code SH SM 5S NOTE The subsecond component delimiter must be given but no pattern is required the remaining number is assumed to be fractions of a second NOTE Date time fields from the current date time are used as the default for unspecified fields the text before the packet starts either with an I or indicating that the packet is inbound or outbound This is only stored if the output format is PCAP NG enable ASCII text dump identification It allows to identify the start of the ASCII text dump and not include it in the packet even if it looks like HEX dump NOTE Do not enable it if the input file does not contain the ASCII text dump link layer type number default is 1 Ethernet See the file net bpf h for list of numbers Use this option if your dump is a complete hex dump of an encapsulated packet and you wish to specify the exact type of encapsulation Example 1 7 for ARCNet packets max packet length in output default is 64000 prepend dummy Ethernet II header with speci
295. t As you have probably guessed from the name idl2wrs takes a user specified IDL file and attempts to build a dissector that can decode the IDL traffic over GIOP The resulting file is C code that should compile okay as a Wireshark dissector idl2wrs basically parses the data struct given to it by the omniidl compiler and using the GIOP API available in packet giop ch generates get_CDR_xxx calls to decode the CORBA traffic on the wire It consists of 4 main files README idl2wrs This document wireshark_be py The main compiler backend wireshark_gen py A helper class that generates the C code idl2wrs A simple shell script wrapper that the end user should use to generate the dissector from the IDL file s D 10 2 Why do this It is important to understand what CORBA traffic looks like over GIOP TIOP and to help build a tool that can assist in troubleshooting CORBA interworking This was especially the case after seeing a lot of discussions about how particular IDL types are represented inside an octet stream Ihave also had comments feedback that this tool would be good for say a CORBA class when teaching students what CORBA traffic looks like on the wire It is also COOL to work on a great Open Source project such as the case with Wireshark http www wireshark org D 10 3 How to use idl2wrs To use the idl2wrs to generate Wireshark dissectors you need the following Prerequisites to using id
296. t Ctrl 54 V3 Membership Report Join group Unmark all Displayed Packets Ctrl Alt M Next Mar if trl N Previc Mark iF Ignore Packet toggle Ctrl D All Displayed Pack jl ift Ctrl Jn Ignore All Mt D F 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 Set Time Reference toggle Ctrl T v Jn Ti eference All Pa trl Alt gt id Next Time Refe At n tes captured 496 bits d 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Configuration Profiles Shift Ctrl 4 O Preferences Shift Ctrl P DestTnatTon port Nttp CEUs stream index 5 Sequence number 0 Crelative sequence number Header length 28 bytes window size value 64240 v 0000 00 09 Sb 2d 75 9a 00 Ob 5d 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 u E 0010 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 6l 2c cO a8 00 02 c a8 SOCHG Ls apossoso 0020 00 O01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 OQ 00 00 OQ 70 02 eea e POG souise p 0030 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 O1 O1 04 02 ere E Fie C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 000 Profile Default Table 3 3 Edit menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Copy gt Shift Ctrl D This menu item will copy the description of the selected item Description in the detail view to the clipboard Copy gt Shift Ctrl F This menu item will copy the fieldname of the selected item in Fieldname the detail view to the cl
297. t formats see Section 5 3 2 Output File Formats Many protocol decoders There are protocol decoders or dissectors as they are known in Wireshark for a great many protocols see Appendix B Protocols and Protocol Fields Open Source Software Wireshark is an open source software project and is released under the GNU General Public License GPL You can freely use Wireshark on any number of computers you like without worrying about license keys or fees or such In addition all source code is freely available under the GPL Because Introduction of that it is very easy for people to add new protocols to Wireshark either as plugins or built into the source and they often do 1 1 8 What Wireshark is not Here are some things Wireshark does not provide Wireshark isn t an intrusion detection system It will not warn you when someone does strange things on your network that he she isn t allowed to do However if strange things happen Wireshark might help you figure out what is really going on Wireshark will not manipulate things on the network it will only measure things from it Wireshark doesn t send packets on the network or do other active things except for name resolutions but even that can be disabled 1 2 System Requirements What you ll need to get Wireshark up and running 1 2 1 General Remarks The values below are the minimum requirements and only rules of thumb for use on a modera
298. t side of the preference input for this preference default The default value for this preference e g 53 10 30 or 10 30 53 55 100 120 descr A description of what this preference is max The maximum value 11 10 3 6 Pref statictext label descr Creates a static text preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 11 10 3 6 1 Arguments label The static text descr The static text description 11 10 4 Prefs The table of preferences of a protocol 11 10 4 1 prefs __ newindex name pref Creates a new preference 11 10 4 1 1 Arguments name The abbreviation of this preference pref A valid but still unassigned Pref object 11 10 4 1 2 Errors e Unknow Pref type 11 10 4 2 prefs index name Get the value of a preference setting 11 10 4 2 1 Arguments name The abbreviation of this preference 11 10 4 2 2 Returns The current value of the preference 180 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 10 4 2 3 Errors e Unknow Pref type 11 10 5 Proto A new protocol in wireshark Protocols have more uses the main one is to dissect a protocol But they can be just dummies used to register preferences for other purposes 11 10 5 1 Proto new name desc 11 10 5 1 1 Arguments name The name of the protocol desc A Long Text description of the protocol usually lowercase 11 10 5 1 2 Returns The newly created protocol 11 10 5 2 proto dissector The protocol s dissector a function you define 11 10 5 3 proto fiel
299. tax disable all name resolutions def all enabled enable specific name resolution s mntC d lt layer_type gt lt selector gt lt decode_as_protocol gt H lt hosts file gt Output w lt outfile gt C lt config profile gt F lt output file type gt 0 lt protocols gt S lt separator gt Decode As see the man page for details Example tcp port 8888 http read a list of entries from a hosts file which will then be written to a capture file Implies W n write packets to a pcap format file named outfile or to the standard output for start with specified configuration profile set the output file type default is libpcap an empty F option will list the file types add output of packet tree Packet Details Only show packet details of these protocols comma separated print packets even when writing to a file the line separator to print between packets add output of hex and ASCII dump Packet Bytes T pdml ps psml text fields e lt field gt E lt fieldsoption gt lt value gt header y n format of text output def text field to print if Tfields selected e g tcp port col Info this option can be repeated to print multiple fields set options for output when Tfields selected switch headers on and off separator t s lt char gt select tab space printable character as separator occurrence f lla print first last or all occurrences of each field aggregator
300. tely used network Working with a busy network can easily produce huge memory and disk space usage For example Capturing on a fully saturated 1OOMBit s Ethernet will produce 750MBytes min Having a fast processor lots of memory and disk space is a good idea in that case If Wireshark is running out of memory it crashes see http wiki wireshark org KnownBugs OutOfMemory for details and workarounds Wireshark won t benefit much from Multiprocessor Hyperthread systems as time consuming tasks like filtering packets are single threaded No rule is without exception during an Update list of packets in real time capture capturing traffic runs in one process and dissecting and displaying packets runs in another process which should benefit from two processors 1 2 2 Microsoft Windows Windows XP Home XP Pro XP Tablet PC XP Media Center Server 2003 Vista 2008 7 or 2008 R2 Any modern 32 bit x86 or 64 bit AMD64 x86 64 processor 128MB available RAM Larger capture files require more RAM 75MB available disk space Capture files require additional disk space 800 600 1280 1024 or higher recommended resolution with at least 65536 16bit colors 256 colors should work if Wireshark is installed with the legacy GTK1 selection of the Wireshark 1 0 x releases A supported network card for capturing e Ethernet Any card supported by Windows should work See the wiki pages on Ethernet capture and offloading for issues that ma
301. tervals with a maximum of lt seconds per file gt each i lt seconds per file gt F lt capture type gt set the output file type default is pcapng an empty F option will list the file types T lt encap type gt set the output file encapsulation type default is the same as the input file an empty T option will list the encapsulation types Miscellaneous h display this help and exit y verbose output If v is used with any of the Duplicate Packet Removal options d D or w then Packet lengths and MD5 hashes are printed to standard out 220 Related command line tools Example D 6 Capture file types available from editcap editcap F editcap option requires an argument F editcap The available capture file types for the F flag are 5views InfoVista 5View capture btsnoop Symbian OS btsnoop commview TamoSoft CommView dct2000 Catapult DCT2000 trace out format erf Endace ERF capture eyesdn EyeSDN USB S0 E1 ISDN trace format kl12text K12 text file lanalyzer Novell LANalyzer libpcap Wireshark tcpdump libpcap modlibpcap Modified tcpdump libpcap netmonl Microsoft NetMon 1 x netmon2 Microsoft NetMon 2 x nettl HP UX nettl trace ngsniffer NA Sniffer DOS ngwsniffer_1l_1 NA Sniffer Windows 1 1 ngwsniffer_2_0 NA Sniffer Windows 2 00x niobserver Network Instruments Observer nokialibpcap Nokia tcpdump libpcap nseclibpcap Wireshark n
302. text file this will put a form feed character between the packets 93 Chapter 6 Working with captured packets 6 1 Viewing packets you have captured Once you have captured some packets or you have opened a previously saved capture file you can view the packets that are displayed in the packet list pane by simply clicking on a packet in the packet list pane which will bring up the selected packet in the tree view and byte view panes You can then expand any part of the tree view by clicking on the plus sign the symbol itself may vary to the left of that part of the payload and you can select individual fields by clicking on them in the tree view pane An example with a TCP packet selected is shown in Figure 6 1 Wireshark with a TCP packet selected for viewing It also has the Acknowledgment number in the TCP header selected which shows up in the byte view as the selected bytes Figure 6 1 Wireshark with a TCP packet selected for viewing test pcap Wireshark DER File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help Sweoaee oGxs alRa vT lB a a Meier b gt Expression Ys clear Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 31 1 266628 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 2 TCP 1025 gt 5000 PSH ACK Seq 1 Ack 32 1 266819 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 1 TCP 5000 gt 1025 PSH ACK Seq 1 Ack 33 1 267850 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 2 TER 1025 gt 5000 ACK 5eq 510 Ack 20 TCP ttp gt FIN ACK 182268 0 2 TCP 10
303. text menu Wireshark 92 Expert Infos Errors 0 Notes 12 Chats 2 Details Group Y Protocol 4 Summary 4 Count 4 Sequence TCP Previous segment lost common at capture start 11 Sequence TCP Fast retransmission suspected 5 Close 7 3 2 1 Errors Warnings Notes Chats tabs An easy and quick way to find the most interesting infos rather than using the Details tab is to have a look at the separate tabs for each severity level As the tab label also contains the number of existing entries it s easy to find the tab with the most important entries There are usually a lot of identical expert infos only differing in the packet number These identical infos will be combined into a single line with a count column showing how often they appeared in the capture file Clicking on the plus sign shows the individual packet numbers in a tree view 7 3 2 2 Details tab The Details tab provides the expert infos in a log like view each entry on its own line much like the packet list As the amount of expert infos for a capture file can easily become very large getting an idea of the interesting infos with this view can take quite a while The advantage of this tab is to have all entries in the sequence as they appeared this is sometimes a help to pinpoint problems 7 3 3 Colorized Protocol Details Tree Frame 15 96 bytes on wire 96 bytes captured le Ethernet II Sr RichardH_00 09 ba 00 80 63 00 09 ba
304. the WinPcap installer will take care of this Uninstall Wireshark You can uninstall Wireshark the usual way using the Add or Remove Programs option inside the Control Panel Select the Wireshark entry to start the uninstallation procedure The Wireshark uninstaller will provide several options as to which things are to be uninstalled the default is to remove the core components but keep the personal settings WinPcap and alike 16 Building and Installing Wireshark WinPcap won t be uninstalled by default as other programs than Wireshark may use it as well 2 8 6 Uninstall WinPcap You can uninstall WinPcap independently of Wireshark using the WinPcap entry in the Add or Remove Programs of the Control Panel P Note a After uninstallation of WinPcap you can t capture anything with Wireshark It might be a good idea to reboot Windows afterwards Chapter 3 User Interface 3 1 Introduction By now you have installed Wireshark and are most likely keen to get started capturing your first packets In the next chapters we will explore e How the Wireshark user interface works e How to capture packets in Wireshark e How to view packets in Wireshark e How to filter packets in Wireshark e and many other things 3 2 Start Wireshark You can start Wireshark from your shell or window manager Tip ad When starting Wireshark it s possible to specify optional settings using the command line See Section 1
305. the current frame too 193 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 12 3 1 1 Arguments name The name to be given to the new data source 11 12 3 1 2 Returns The created Tvb 11 12 3 2 TvbRange tvb range Creates a sub Tvb from using a TvbRange 11 12 3 2 1 Arguments range The TvbRange from which to create the new Tvb 11 12 3 3 tvb __ tostring Convert the bytes of a Tvb into a string to be used for debugging purposes as will be appended in case the string is too long 11 12 3 3 1 Returns The string 11 12 3 4 tvb reported_len Obtain the reported length of a TVB 11 12 3 4 1 Returns The length of the Tvb 11 12 3 5 tvb len Obtain the length of a TVB 11 12 3 5 1 Returns The length of the Tvb 11 12 3 6 tvb reported_length_remaining Obtain the reported length of packet data to end of a TVB or 1 if the offset is beyond the end of the TVB 11 12 3 6 1 Returns The length of the Tvb 11 12 3 7 tvb offset Returns the raw offset from the beginning of the source Tvb of a sub Tvb 11 12 3 7 1 Returns The raw offset of the Tvb 194 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 12 3 8 tvb __call Equivalent to tvb range 11 12 3 9 wslua __ concat Concatenate two objects to a string 11 12 4 TvbRange A TvbRange represents an usable range of a Tvb and is used to extract data from the Tvb that generated it TvbRanges are created by calling a tvb e g tvb offset length If the TvbRang
306. the packet was captured For capture files saving the arrival time of packets as local time values the conversion to UTC will be done using your time zone s offset from UTC and DST rules which means the conversion will not be done correctly the conversion back to local time for display might undo this correctly in which case the arrival time will be displayed as the arrival time in which the packet was captured Table 7 2 Time zone examples for UTC arrival times without DST Los Angeles New York Madrid London Berlin Tokyo Capture File 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 UTC Local Offset 8 5 1 0 1 9 to UTC Displayed 02 00 05 00 09 00 10 00 11 00 19 00 Time Local Time An example Let s assume that someone in Los Angeles captured a packet with Wireshark at exactly 2 o clock local time and sends you this capture file The capture file s time stamp will be represented in UTC as 10 o clock You are located in Berlin and will see 11 o clock on your Wireshark display Now you have a phone call video conference or Internet meeting with that one to talk about that capture file As you are both looking at the displayed time on your local computers the one in Los 119 Advanced Topics Angeles still sees 2 o clock but you in Berlin will see 11 o clock The time displays are different as both Wireshark displays will show the different local times at the same point in time Conclusion You may not
307. the payload protocol the lowest layer in the packet data e g eth for ethernet ip for IPv4 Header size If there is a header protocol before the payload protocol this tells which size this header is A value of 0 disables the header protocol Header protocol The name of the header protocol to be used uses data as default Trailer size If there is a trailer protocol after the payload protocol this tells which size this trailer is A value of 0 disables the trailer protocol Trailer protocol The name of the trailer protocol to be used uses data as default 158 Chapter 11 Lua Support in Wireshark 11 1 Introduction Wireshark has an embedded Lua interpreter Lua is a powerful light weight programming language designed for extending applications Lua is designed and implemented by a team at PUC Rio the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil Lua was born and raised at Tecgraf the Computer Graphics Technology Group of PUC Rio and is now housed at Lua org Both Tecgraf and Lua org are laboratories of the Department of Computer Science In Wireshark Lua can be used to write dissectors and taps Wireshark s Lua interpreter starts by loading init lua that is located in the global configuration directory of Wireshark Lua is enabled by default To disable Lua the line variable disable_lua should be set to true in init lua After loading init lua from the data directory if Lua is enabled Wireshark w
308. this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in seconds Format gt since previous displayed packet format see Section 6 12 Seconds Since Time display formats and time references Previous Displayed Packet 1 123456 Time Display Format gt Time Display Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps with Format gt the precision given by the capture file format used see Automatic File Format Precision Section 6 12 Time display formats and time references 27 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description P Note o The fields Automatic Seconds and seconds are mutually exclusive Time Display Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps with Format gt a precision of one second see Section 6 12 Time display Seconds 0 formats and time references Time Display Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps with a Format precision of one second decisecond centisecond millisecond gt seconds 0 microsecond or nanosecond see Section 6 12 Time display formats and time references Time Display Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in Format gt seconds with hours and minutes Display Seconds with hours and minutes Name This item allows you to trigger a name resolve of the current Resolution gt packet only see Section 7 7 Name Resoluti
309. tination Protocol Info 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 igmp mcast net IGMP V3 Membership Report entitication Ox Flags 0x00 Fragment offset 0 Time to live 128 Protocol UDP 0x11 Header checksum Oxal09 correct Source 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Destination 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 5d 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 00 49 18 47 00 00 80 al 09 cO a8 00 02 cO a8 OO 01 Ob d2 00 35 00 46 69 00 21 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 09 72 6f 78 79 63 6f 6e 66 p roxyconf 05 77 77 30 30 34 07 69 65 6d 65 Ge 73 03 Ge w004 5 iemens n 65 74 00 00 01 00 01 v Fie D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 P 120 D 120 M 0 A time referenced packet will be marked with the string REF in the Time column see packet number 10 All subsequent packets will show the time since the last time reference 111 Chapter 7 Advanced Topics 7 1 Introduction In this chapter some of the advanced features of Wireshark will be described 7 2 Following TCP streams If you are working with TCP based protocols it can be very helpful to see the data from a TCP stream in the way that the application layer sees it Perhaps you are looking for passwords in a Telnet stream or you are trying to make sense of a data stream Maybe you just need a display filter to show only the packets of that TCP stream If so Wireshark s ability to follow a TCP stream will be useful to you Simply select a TCP packet in the packet list of the stream connecti
310. tings dialog box Figure 4 11 The Remote Capture Settings dialog box Edit Interface Settings Capture Interface Network adapter Intel R Gigabit ET Dual Port Server Adapter Link4ayer header type Jefheret Capture packets in promiscuous mode Limit each packet to e5535 z Buffer size 1 megabyte s You can set the following parameters in this dialog Do not capture own RPCAP This option sets a capture filter so that the traffic flowing back traffic from the Remote Packet Capture Protocol service to Wireshark isn t captured as well and also send back The recursion in this saturates the link with duplicate traffic You only should switch this off when capturing on an interface other then the interface connecting back to Wireshark Use UDP for data transfer Remote capture control and data flows over a TCP connection This option allows you to choose an UDP stream for data transfer Sampling option None This option instructs the Remote Packet Capture Protocol service to send back all captured packets which have passed the capture filter This is usually not a problem on a remote capture session with sufficient bandwidth Sampling option 1 of x packets This option limits the Remote Packet Capture Protocol service to send only a sub sampling of the captured data in terms of number of packets This allows capture over a narrow band remote capture session of a higher bandwidth interface 63 Ca
311. tistics Telephony Tools Internals Help B Open oho FAIA sO FLISIS QQQA g a n lg Open Recent k EE Merge Expression Clear Appl Import Destination Protocol Length Info cose Ctrl W 1 2 Broadcast ARP 42 Gratuitous ARP for 192 168 0 2 trl4 favour NBNS cd Save As Shift Ctrl S 2 224 0 0 22 54 v3 Membership Report Join group File Set Export File selected Pa H amp Print Ctrl P Objects HTTP Quit Ctrl Q DICOM a Q aA 192 168 0 1 62 ncu 2 gt http SYN Seq 0 win 6424 SMB 2 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a nm ta 02 08 0045 00 u a8 00 02 cO a8 O H a oo QQ 00 70 02 see l P lt 6 01 04 02 File C test cap 14 KB 00 00 02 Packets 120 Displayed 120 Marked 0 Load time 0 00 000 Profile Default Table 3 2 File menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Open Ctrl1 O This menu item brings up the file open dialog box that allows you to load a capture file for viewing It is discussed in more detail in Section 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog box Open Recent This menu item shows a submenu containing the recently opened capture files Clicking on one of the submenu items will open the corresponding capture file directly Merge This menu item brings up the merge file dialog box that allows you to merge a capture file into the currently lo
312. tistics and display the result in a window that updates in semi real time XXX add more details here Packet colorization A very useful mechanism available in Wireshark is packet colorization You can set up Wireshark so that it will colorize packets according to a filter This allows you to emphasize the packets you are usually interested in Tip a You will find a lot of Coloring Rule examples at the Wireshark Wiki Coloring Rules page at http wiki wireshark org ColoringRules There are two types of coloring rules in Wireshark temporary ones that are only used until you quit the program and permanent ones that will be saved to a preference file so that they are available on a next session Temporary coloring rules can be added by selecting a packet and pressing the lt ctrl gt key together with one of the number keys This will create a coloring rule based on the currently selected conversation It will try to create a conversation filter based on TCP first then UDP then IP and at last Ethernet Temporary filters can also be created by selecting the Colorize with Filter gt Color X menu items when rightclicking in the packet detail pane To permanently colorize packets select the Coloring Rules menu item from the View menu Wireshark will pop up the Coloring Rules dialog box as shown in Figure 10 1 The Coloring Rules dialog box Figure 10 1 The Coloring Rules dialog box Wireshark Coloring Rules
313. tive allows you to filter on either Ethernet or IP broadcasts or multicasts This primitive allows you to create complex filter expressions that select bytes or ranges of bytes in packets Please see the tcpdump man page at http www tcpdump org tcpdump_man html for more details 4 13 1 Automatic Remote Traffic Filtering If Wireshark is running remotely using e g SSH an exported X11 window a terminal server the remote content has to be transported over the network adding a lot of usually unimportant packets to the actually interesting traffic To avoid this Wireshark tries to figure out if it s remotely connected by looking at some specific environment variables and automatically creates a capture filter that matches aspects of the connection 67 Capturing Live Network Data The following environment variables are analyzed SSH_CONNECTION ssh lt remote IP gt lt remote port gt lt local IP gt lt local port gt SSH_CLIENT ssh lt remote IP gt lt remote port gt lt local port gt REMOTEHOST tcsh others lt remote name gt DISPLAY x11 remote name lt display num gt SESSIONNAME terminal server lt remote name gt On Windows it asks the operating system if it s running in a Remote Desktop Services environment 4 14 While a Capture is running While a capture is running the following dialog box is shown Figure 4 13 The Capture Info dialog box Wireshark Capture fro
314. to specify a single range In this case n is the beginning offset and m is the ending offset eth src 4 00 00 83 00 The example above uses the m format which takes everything from the beginning of a sequence to offset m It is equivalent to 0 m eth src 4 20 20 The example above uses the n format which takes everything from offset n to the end of the sequence eth src 2 83 The example above uses the n format to specify a single range In this case the element in the sequence at offset n is selected This is equivalent to n 1 eth src 0 3 1 2 4 4 2 00 00 83 00 83 00 00 83 00 20 20 83 Wireshark allows you to string together single ranges in a comma separated list to form compound ranges as shown above 6 4 4 A common mistake A Warning Using the operator on combined expressions like eth addr ip addr tcp port udp port and alike will probably not work as expected Often people use a filter string to display something like ip addr 1 2 3 4 which will display all packets containing the IP address 1 2 3 4 Then they use ip addr 1 2 3 4 to see all packets not containing the IP address 1 2 3 4 in it Unfortunately this does not do the expected Instead that expression will even be true for packets where either source or destination IP address equals 1 2 3 4 The reason for this is that the expression ip addr 1 2 3 4 must be read as the packet contains a field named ip addr with a v
315. top writing to a capture file The criterion is of the form test value where test is one of duration value Stop writing to a capture file after value of seconds have elapsed filesize value Stop writing to a capture file after it reaches a size of value kilobytes where a kilobyte is 1000 bytes not 1024 bytes If this option is used together with the b option Wireshark will stop writing to the current capture file and switch to the next one if filesize is reached files value Stop writing to capture files after value number of files were written If amaximum capture file size was specified this option causes Wireshark to run in ring buffer mode with the specified number of files In ring buffer mode Wireshark will write to several capture files Their name is based on the number of the file and on the creation date and time When the first capture file fills up Wireshark will switch to writing to the next file and so on With the files option it s also possible to form a ring buffer This will fill up new files until the number of files specified at which point the data in the first file will be discarded so a new file can be written If the optional duration is specified Wireshark will also switch to the next file when the specified number of seconds has elapsed even if the current file is not completely fills up duration value Switch to the next file after value seconds have elapsed even if the current file
316. trl R Resize all column widths so the content will fit into it Columns P Note E Resizing may take a significant amount of time especially if a large capture file is loaded Displayed This menu items folds out with a list of all configured columns Columns These columns can now be shown or hidden in the packet list Expand Shift Right This menu item expands the currently selected subtree in the Subtrees packet details tree Expand All Ctrl Right Wireshark keeps a list of all the protocol subtrees that are expanded and uses it to ensure that the correct subtrees are expanded when you display a packet This menu item expands all subtrees in all packets in the capture Collapse All Ctrl Left This menu item collapses the tree view of all packets in the capture list Colorize This menu item brings up a submenu that allows you to color Conversation packets in the packet list pane based on the addresses of the currently selected packet This makes it easy to distinguish packets belonging to different conversations Section 10 3 Packet colorization Colorize These menu items enable one of the ten temporary color filters Conversation gt based on the currently selected conversation Color 1 10 Colorize This menu item clears all temporary coloring rules Conversation gt Reset coloring Colorize This menu item opens a dialog window in which a new Conversation gt permanent coloring rule can be created based on the currently N
317. tton to browse the filesystem It is greyed out if Print to a file is not selected Print command specifies that a command be used for printing P Note These Print command fields are not available on windows platforms This field specifies the command to use for printing It is typically lpr You would change it to specify a particular queue if you need to print to a queue other than the default An example might be 91 File Input Output and Printing lpr Pmypostscript This field is greyed out if Output to file is checked above Packet Range Select the packets to be printed see Section 5 9 The Packet Range frame Packet Format Select the output format of the packets to be printed You can choose how each packet is printed see Figure 5 20 The Packet Format frame 5 9 The Packet Range frame The packet range frame is a part of various output related dialog boxes It provides options to select which packets should be processed by the output function Figure 5 19 The Packet Range frame Packet Range Captured Displayed All packets 120 O Selected packet only 1 O Specify a packet range 0 If the Captured button is set default all packets from the selected rule will be processed If the Displayed button is set only the currently displayed packets are taken into account to the selected rule e All packets will process all packets e Selected packet only process only the selected pack
318. tware we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors
319. uilding and using Wireshark others hopefully provide answers wireshark dev This list is for Wireshark developers If you want to start developing a protocol dissector join this list You can subscribe to each of these lists from the Wireshark web site http www wireshark org Simply select the mailing lists link on the left hand side of the site The lists are archived at the Wireshark web site as well Tip LT You can search in the list archives to see if someone asked the same question some time before and maybe already got an answer That way you don t have to wait until someone answers your question Reporting Problems P Note Before reporting any problems please make sure you have installed the latest version of Wireshark When reporting problems with Wireshark it is helpful if you supply the following information 1 The version number of Wireshark and the dependent libraries linked with it e g GTK etc You can obtain this from the about dialog box of Wireshark or with the command wireshark v 2 Information about the platform you run Wireshark on 3 A detailed description of your problem 4 If you get an error warning message copy the text of that message and also a few lines before and after it if there are some so others may find the place where things go wrong Please don t give something like I get a warning while doing x as this won t give a good idea where to look at Fal Don t send larg
320. ull notice is found lt one line to give the program s name and a brief idea of what it does gt Copyright C lt year gt lt name of author gt This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more details You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program if not write to the Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail If the program is interactive make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode Gnomovision version 69 Copyright C year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY for details type show w This is free software and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions type show c for details The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License Of course the commands you use may be called something other than show w and show c
321. un raw ATM If you are capturing on an Ethernet device this might offer a choice of Ethernet or DOCSIS If you are capturing traffic from a Cisco Cable Modem Termination System that is putting DOCSIS traffic onto the Ethernet to be captured select DOCSIS otherwise select Ethernet Filtering while capturing Wireshark uses the libpcap filter language for capture filters This is explained in the tcpdump man page which can be hard to understand so it s explained here to some extent Tip a You will find a lot of Capture Filter examples at http wiki wireshark org CaptureFilters You enter the capture filter into the Filter field of the Wireshark Capture Options dialog box as shown in Figure 4 3 The Capture Options dialog box The following is an outline of the syntax of the tcpdump capture filter language See the expression option at the tcpdump manual page for details http www tcpdump org tcpdump_man html A capture filter takes the form of a series of primitive expressions connected by conjunctions and or and optionally preceded by not not primitive and or not primitive An example is shown in Example 4 1 A capture filter for telnet that captures traffic to and from a particular host Example 4 1 A capture filter for telnet that captures traffic to and from a particular host tcp port 23 and host 10 0 0 5 This example captures telnet traffic to and from the host 10 0 0
322. up to 0 9 seconds difference to UTC The UTC base time equals to 0 based at Greenwich England and all time zones have an offset to UTC between 12 to 14 hours For example If you live in Berlin you are in a time zone one hour earlier than UTC so you are in time zone 1 time difference in hours compared to UTC If it s 3 o clock in Berlin it s 2 o clock in UTC at the same moment Be aware that at a few places on earth don t use time zones with even hour offsets e g New Delhi uses UTC 05 30 Further information can be found at _http en wikipedia org wiki Time_zone and _http en wikipedia org wiki Coordinated_Universal_Time What is daylight saving time DST Daylight Saving Time DST also known as Summer Time is intended to save some daylight during the summer months To do this a lot of countries but not all add a DST hour to the already existing UTC offset So you may need to take another hour or in very rare cases even two hours difference into your time zone calculations Unfortunately the date at which DST actually takes effect is different throughout the world You may also note that the northern and southern hemispheres have opposite DST s e g while it s summer in Europe it s winter in Australia Keep in mind UTC remains the same all year around regardless of DST Further information can be found at http en wikipedia org wiki Daylight_ saving Further time zone and DST informat
323. ur system may vary maybe something like usr local etc HOME is usually something like home lt username gt preferences wireshark conf recent cfilters This file contains your Wireshark preferences including defaults for capturing and displaying packets It is a simple text file containing statements of the form variable value The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Preferences dialog box This file contains various GUI related settings like the main window position and size the recent files list and such It is a simple text file containing statements of the form variable value It is read at program start and written at program exit This file contains all the capture filters that you have defined and saved It consists of one or more lines where each line has the following format lt filter name gt lt filter string gt 204 Files and Folders The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Capture Filters dialog box dfilters This file contains all the display filters that you have defined and saved It consists of one or more lines where each line has the following format lt filter name gt lt filter string gt The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Display Filt
324. used If any of these fields are empty it will be set to new Delete This button deletes the selected filter It will be greyed out if no filter is selected Filter You can select a filter from this list which will fill in the filter name and filter string in the fields down at the bottom of the dialog box Filter name You can change the name of the currently selected filter here 106 Working with captured packets i Note The filter name will only be used in this dialog to identify the filter for your convenience it will not be used elsewhere You can add multiple filters with the same name but this is not very useful Filter string You can change the filter string of the currently selected filter here Display Filter only the string will be syntax checked while you are typing Add Expression Display Filter only This button brings up the Add Expression dialog box which assists in building filter strings You can find more information about the Add Expression dialog in Section 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog box OK Display Filter only This button applies the selected filter to the current display and closes the dialog Apply Display Filter only This button applies the selected filter to the current display and keeps the dialog open Save Save the current settings in this dialog The file location and format is explained in Appendix A Files and Folders Close Close this dialog This w
325. ut reading in hexdumps and has been tested with a variety of mangled outputs including being forwarded through email multiple times with limited line wrap etc There are a couple of other special features to note Any line where the first non whitespace character is will be ignored as a comment Any line beginning with TEXT2PCAP is a directive and options can be inserted after this command to be processed by text2pcap Currently there are no directives implemented in the future these may be used to give more fine grained control on the dump and the way it should be processed e g timestamps encapsulation type etc Text2pcap also allows the user to read in dumps of application level data by inserting dummy L2 L3 and L4 headers before each packet Possibilities include inserting headers such as Ethernet Ethernet IP Ethernet IP UDP or Ethernet Ip TCP before each packet This allows Wireshark or any other full packet decoder to handle these dumps 225 Related command line tools Text2pcap 1 9 0 SVN Rev 47047 from trunk Example 10 Help information available front text2pcap Usage text2pcap options lt infile gt lt outfile gt where lt infile gt specifies input filename use for standard input lt outfile gt specifies output filename use for standard output Input o hex oct dec t lt timefmt gt Output l lt typenum gt m lt max packet gt Prepend dummy header e lt l3pid g
326. ve invalid checksums may lead to unreassembled packets making the analysis of the packet data much harder You can do two things to avoid this checksum offloading problem Turn off the checksum offloading in the network driver if this option is available e Turn off checksum validation of the specific protocol in the Wireshark preferences 124 Chapter 8 Statistics 8 1 Introduction Wireshark provides a wide range of network statistics which can be accessed via the Statistics menu These statistics range from general information about the loaded capture file like the number of captured packets to statistics about specific protocols e g statistics about the number of HTTP requests and responses captured e General statistics e Summary about the capture file e Protocol Hierarchy of the captured packets e Conversations e g traffic between specific IP addresses Endpoints e g traffic to and from an IP addresses e IO Graphs visualizing the number of packets or similar in time Protocol specific statistics e Service Response Time between request and response of some protocols e Various other protocol specific statistics Fal Note The protocol specific statistics requires detailed knowledge about the specific protocol Unless you are familiar with that protocol statistics about it will be pretty hard to understand 8 2 The Summary window General statistics about the current capture fi
327. ve menu items for protocol detail items which will load help URLs in your web browser To create a protocol help file create a folder named protocol_help in either the personal or global configuration folders Then create a text file with the extension ini in the protocol_help folder The file must contain key value pairs with the following sections database location data Mandatory This contains initialization information for the help file The following keys must be defined source Source name e g HyperGlobalMegaMart version Must be 1 location General URL for help items Variables can be substituted using the location data section below Optional Contains keys that will be used for variable substitution in the location value For example if the database section contains location http www example com proto cookie S cookie amp path PATH then setting cookie anonymous user 1138 will result in the URL http www example com proto cookie anonymous user 1138 amp path PATH PATH is used for help path substitution and shouldn t be defined in this section 207 Files and Folders map Maps Wireshark protocol names to section names below Each key MUST match a valid protocol name such as ip Each value MUST have a matching section defined in the configuration file Each protocol section must contain an OVERVIEW key which will be used as the first menu item for the help source Sub
328. versation TCP UDP or IP Left In the packet detail closes the selected tree item If it s already closed jumps to the parent node Right In the packet detail opens the selected tree item Shift Right In the packet detail opens the selected tree item and all of its subtrees Ctrl Right In the packet detail opens all tree items Ctrl Left In the packet detail closes all tree items Backspace In the packet detail jumps to the parent node Return Enter In the packet detail toggles the selected tree item Additionally typing anywhere in the main window will start filling in a display filter 3 4 The Menu The Wireshark menu sits on top of the Wireshark window An example is shown in Figure 3 2 The Menu A Menu items will be greyed out if the corresponding feature isn t available For example you cannot save a capture file if you didn t capture or load any data before Figure 3 2 The Menu File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Telephony Tools Internals Help It contains the following items File Edit View This menu contains items to open and merge capture files save print export capture files in whole or in part and to quit from Wireshark See Section 3 5 The File menu This menu contains items to find a packet time reference or mark one or more packets handle configuration profiles and set your preferences cut copy and paste are not presently implemented
329. way to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement hese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If dentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program nd can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in hemselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those ections when you distribute them as separate works But when you istribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based n the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of his License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the ntire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it eotogantoryH Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program 231 This Document s License GPL In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or
330. will show a textual description of the expert info level and clicking the icon will bring up the Expert Infos dialog box For a detailed description of expert info see Section 7 3 Expert Infos The left side shows information about the capture file its name its size and the elapsed time while it was being captured e The middle part shows the current number of packets in the capture file The following values are displayed e Packets the number of captured packets e Displayed the number of packets currently being displayed e Marked the number of marked packets e Dropped the number of dropped packets only displayed if Wireshark was unable to capture all packets e Ignored the number of ignored packets only displayed if packets are ignored The right side shows the selected configuration profile Clicking in this part of the statusbar will bring up a menu with all available configuration profiles and selecting from this list will change the configuration profile Figure 3 22 The Statusbar with a configuration profile menu Cr O Only IP and TcP O Wireless File home stig http pcap 1673 KB 00 00 32 Packets 2239 Displayed 367 Marked 0 Profiler Derault For a detailed description of configuration profiles see Section 10 6 Configuration Profiles Figure 3 23 The Statusbar with a selected protocol field Opcode arp opcode 2 bytes Packets 2239 Displayed 2239 Marked 0 Profile Default
331. winxx 1 9 x exe The Wireshark installer includes WinPcap so you don t need to download and install two separate packages Simply download the Wireshark installer from http www wireshark org download html and execute it Beside the usual installer options like where to install the program there are several optional components Tip Just keep the defaults L If you are unsure which settings to select just keep the defaults 2 8 1 1 Choose Components page Wireshark e Wireshark GTK Wireshark is a GUI network protocol analyzer TShark TShark is a command line based network protocol analyzer Plugins Extensions for the Wireshark and TShark dissection engines e Dissector Plugins Plugins with some extended dissections e Tree Statistics Plugins Plugins with some extended statistics e Mate Meta Analysis and Tracing Engine experimental user configurable extension s of the display filter engine see http wiki wireshark org Mate for details SNMP MIBs SNMP MIBs for a more detailed SNMP dissection Tools additional command line tools to work with capture files e Editcap Editcap is a program that reads a capture file and writes some or all of the packets into another capture file Building and Installing Wireshark e Text2Pcap Text2pcap is a program that reads in an ASCII hex dump and writes the data into a libpcap style capture file e Mergecap Mergecap is a program that combines multiple sav
332. wireshark lives epan dissectors The new dissector has to be added to Makefile common in the same directory Look for the declaration CLEAN_DISSECTOR_SRC and add the new dissector there For example CLEAN_DISSECTOR_SRC packet 2dparityfec c packet 3com njack c becomes CLEAN_DISSECTOR_SRC packet test idl c packet 2dparityfec c packet 3com njack c oe For the next steps go up to the top of your Wireshark source directory Run configure configure or Compile the code make Good Luck TODO autogen sh Exception code not generated yet but can be added manually 228 Related command line tools 2 Enums not converted to symbolic values yet but can be added manually 3 Add command line options etc 4 More I am sure D 10 5 Limitations See the TODO list inside packet giop c D 10 6 Notes 1 The p option passed to omniidl indicates that the wireshark_be py and wireshark_gen py are residing in the current directory This may need tweaking if you place these files somewhere else 2 If it complains about being unable to find some modules e g tempfile py you may want to check if PYTHONPATH is set correctly On my Linux box it is PYTHONPATH usr lib python2 4 D 11 reordercap Reorder a capture file Reordercap allows to reorder a capture file according to the packets timestamp Example D 11 Help information available from reordercap Reordercap 1 9 0
333. with a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files
334. with available Configuration Profiles Figure 3 22 The Statusbar with a configuration profile menu Configuration files stored in the Profiles e Preferences preferences Section 10 5 Preferences Capture Filters cfilters Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters Display Filters dfilters Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters Coloring Rules colorfilters Section 10 3 Packet colorization Disabled Protocols disabled_protos Section 10 4 1 The Enabled Protocols dialog box User Accessible Tables Custom HTTP headers custom_http_header_fields Custom IMF headers imf_header_fields Custom LDAP Attribute Value types custom_Idap_attribute_types Display Filter Macros dfilter_macros Section 10 8 Display Filter Macros ESS Category Attributes ess_category_attributes Section 10 9 ESS Category Attributes GeoIP Database Paths geoip_db_paths Section 10 10 GeoIP Database Paths K12 Protocols k12_protos Section 10 19 Tektronix K12xx 15 RF5 protocols Table Object Identifier Names and Associated Syntaxes Section 10 12 Object Identifiers PRES Users Context List pres_context_list Section 10 13 PRES Users Context List SCCP Users Table sccp_users Section 10 14 SCCP users Table SNMP Enterprise Specific Trap Types snmp_specific_traps Section 10 17 SNMP Enterpris
335. ws the currently active user specified decodes These entries can be saved into current profile for later session 149 Customizing Wireshark Figure 10 7 The Decode As Show dialog box Wireshark Decode As Show miaii Table Value Initial Current TCP port 8081 none HTTP TCP port 3196 none AIM Save Clear 1 OK Close this dialog box 2 Save Save the entries in the table into current profile 3 Clear Removes all user specified decodes without updating the profile 10 5 Preferences There are a number of preferences you can set Simply select the Preferences menu item from the Edit menu and Wireshark will pop up the Preferences dialog box as shown in Figure 10 8 The preferences dialog box with the User Interface page as default On the left side is a tree where you can select the page to be shown P Note Preference settings are added frequently For a recent explanation of the preference pages and their settings have a look at the Wireshark Wiki Preferences page at http wiki wireshark org Preferences fi Warning The OK or Apply button will not save the preference settings you ll have to save the settings by clicking the Save button e The OK button will apply the preferences settings and close the dialog e The Apply button will apply the preferences settings and keep the dialog open e The Save button will apply the preferences settings save the settings on t
336. y affect your environment e 802 11 See the Wireshark wiki page Capturing raw 802 11 information may be difficult without special equipment Introduction 1 2 3 e Other media See http wiki wireshark org CaptureSetup NetworkMedia Remarks e Many older Windows versions are no longer supported for three reasons None of the developers use those systems which makes support difficult The libraries Wireshark depends on GTK WinPcap have dropped support for older releases Microsoft has also dropped support for these systems e Windows 95 98 and ME are no longer supported The old technology releases of Windows lack memory protection specifically VirtualProtect which we use to improve program safety and security The last known version to work was Ethereal 0 10 14 which includes WinPcap 3 1 You can get it from http ethereal com download html According to this bug report you may need to install Ethereal 0 10 0 on some systems Microsoft retired support for Windows 98 and ME in 2006 e Windows NT 4 0 no longer works with Wireshark The last known version to work was Wireshark 0 99 4 which includes WinPcap 3 1 You still can get it from http www wireshark org download win32 all versions wireshark setup 0 99 4 exe Microsoft retired support for Windows NT 4 0 in 2004 e Windows 2000 no longer works with Wireshark The last known version to work was Wireshark 1 2 x which includes WinPcap 4 1 2
337. y filter and clears the edit area y Apply Apply the current value in the edit area as the new display filter 42 User Interface Toolbar Toolbar Item Description Icon P Note ana Applying a display filter on large capture files might take quite a long time 3 18 The Packet List pane The packet list pane displays all the packets in the current capture file Figure 3 16 The Packet List pane No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 13 z t ARP W 4 0 726445 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP v3 Membership Report Each line in the packet list corresponds to one packet in the capture file If you select a line in this pane more details will be displayed in the Packet Details and Packet Bytes panes While dissecting a packet Wireshark will place information from the protocol dissectors into the columns As higher level protocols might overwrite information from lower levels you will typically see the information from the highest possible level only For example let s look at a packet containing TCP inside IP inside an Ethernet packet The Ethernet dissector will write its data such as the Ethernet addresses the IP dissector will overwrite this by its own such as the IP addresses the TCP dissector will overwrite the IP information and so on There are a lot of different columns available Which columns are displayed can be selected by preference settings see Section 10 5 Preferences

Wireshark User's Guide

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents