Wi-Fi Ethernet Client T-316 User's Guide
Contents
1. SSID Blank Channel 6 Transmission rates Auto WEP enable No IP Address mode Static IP Address 192 168 5 99 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 User Name Blank Administrator or password Blank no password needed Gemtek Systems Page 10 3 3 1 Information T 316 User s Guide The Information window displays the current setup status Gemtek systems Information Connected to SSID Using channel MAC address of Access Point Current transmission rate Mbits s Current communications quality Non IP MAC address MAC address of the wireless card Current IP address Firmware revision Net pages free Memory free Kb info Wireless 1P Addr Stations Admin Help Information about the bridge NOTE You may have to re load this page to see the current settings 1ded85 1 00022D1DED85 11 89 FEFFFFEFFEFF 00904B80BFCD 192 168 5 99 1 6 0 22 1321 Results of the most recent scan 1ded85 rkp380 jessica3christine1 00022D1DED85 0090460FC111 00032F0625BB nal th Mode Figure 3 3 Information page Current Communications Quality Indicates the measured Communications Quality of the Basic Service Set to which the station is currently connected The value in this field is based on signal and noise level measurements Firmware Revision This indicates the device s firmware version This is important when updating the firmware or reporting of any problems Curren2. E E ne ot 5 Prerequisite Skills and KnoWledg stsssstinsnmanitihnissnetatotents 5 Conventions Used in this Document ssiuiccussissccuteceneen eisuaedunteentiaedsarusoncbetenumnsbansanciunemaeerneute 5 Help Us to Provide Quality Documentation es 5 Gemtek Systems Technical Support is 5 CHAPTER T INTRODUCTION annee dti nt 6 CHAPTER 2 WIRELESS LAN BASICS nn ssnnrssnerreenennenneennnneneeenennnneee 7 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE WI FI ETHERNET CLIENT cssecccesesseeeeeseeeeeees 8 9 1 CIVEIVIGW series een das re ie 8 3 2 Connecting the Ethernet Client vissctsnccsretiasvssetstcccnntvaseoaieeuncesantateoenserssedeneeenpeanmnehernneers 9 3 3 Configuring the Network Connection ss 10 3 3 L INTOMMATION teas a saat E an E 11 3 3 2 Wireless CONAODPANON sn een 12 3 3 3 Security part of the Wireless page 13 3 3 4 Server CONMGUPATION so cietmcarersscicnceniacerereiuasteeiwesredumweentse ete redenmeertel meeneteiwnerase ne 14 po elec USE ee ee 15 3340 AOMIMISE ALIGN sc tes een lee laure 16 A ee eee ee eee ren 17 CHAPTER 4 TROUBLESHOOTING 5ssmsesiomssnnieninnssnetsssnneenissenciensetnnnns 18 CHAPTER 5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 2 ccccseeseeeseeneeeeeeeeeeeeneeneeseeseeeeeeseeneeenes 19 CHAPTER 6 GLOSSARY sissiscisstssssecssscessesscectacnscacssaessessesnenassecrensssaectiaseasesiadsassscsssnscsaens 20 About this Guide Purpose This document provides general product information technical specifications and s
3. Mbps and 802 11a specifies OFDM modulation in frequency bands in the 5 to 6GHz range and enables data rates up to 54Mbps Authentication The process of establishing the identity of another unit client user device prior to exchanging sensitive information DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is a communications protocol that lets network administrators manage centrally and automate the assignment of Internet Protocol IP addresses in an organization s network Using the Internet Protocol each machine that can connect to the Internet needs a unique IP address When an organization sets up its computer users with a connection to the Internet an IP address must be assigned to each machine Without DHCP the IP address must be entered manually at each computer and if computers move to another location in another part of the network a new IP address must be entered DHCP lets a network administrator supervise and distribute IP addresses from a central point and automatically sends a new IP address when a computer is plugged into a different place in the network DNS Domain Name Service An Internet service that translates a domain name such as gemtek systems com to an IP address in the form xx xx xx xx where xx is an 8 bit hex number Gateway A gateway is a network point that acts as an entrance to another network On the Internet a node or stopping point can be either a gateway node or a host end point node Both the compu
4. Wi Fi Ethernet Client T 316 User s Guide Revision 1 2 February 18 2003 Copyright 2002 2003 Gemtek Systems Holding BV www gemtek systems com Copyright 2002 2003 Gemtek Systems Holding BV This user s guide and the software described in it are copyrighted with all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of Gemtek Systems Holding BV Notice Gemtek Systems reserves the right to change specifications without prior notice While the information in this manual has been compiled with great care it may not be deemed an assurance of product characteristics Gemtek Systems shall be liable only to the degree specified in the terms of sale and delivery The reproduction and distribution of the documentation and software supplied with this product and the use of its contents is subject to written authorization from Gemtek Systems Trademarks The product described in this book is a licensed product of Gemtek Systems Holding BV Contents Copynont a eee 3 INGUGE nisce RE aaae a EE a r ENE A EES ENEE EEEE EAEE EEE A E ES 3 EUS Ve Fa esac teases aaee a aa aaa EE oe accu e ae gute EA a EE EEE EEEE ee EEE R 3 CONTENTS 2 5 4 ABOUT THIS GUIDE sssaassssnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn nnmnnn nnmnnn nna 5 PUPOS ae n
5. al standards such as 802 11 IP The Internet Protocol IP is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet Each computer known as a host on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet When you send or receive data for example an e mail note or a Web page the message gets divided into little chunks called packets Each of these packets contains both the sender s Internet address and the receiver s address Any packet is sent first to a gateway computer that understands a small part of the Internet The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an adjacent gateway that in turn reads the destination address and so forth across the Internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer within its immediate neighborhood or domain That gateway then forwards the packet directly to the computer whose address is specified ISP An ISP Internet Service Provider is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the Internet and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting An ISP has the equipment and the telecommunication line access required to have a point of presence on the Internet for the geographic area served LAN A local area network LAN is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line and typically
6. an area network MAN WECA The Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance A nonprofit organization formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of Wi Fi IEEE 802 11b products WECA has defined a test suite that defines how member products are tested and certifies that they are interoperable with other Wi Fi certified products An independent test lab conducts the testing When a product successfully passes the test the company is granted the Wi Fi seal Wi Fi Wi Fi is short for wireless fidelity and is another name for IEEE 802 11b It is a trade term promulgated by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA Wi Fi is used in place of 802 11b in the same way that Ethernet is used in place of IEEE 802 3 Products certified as Wi Fi by WECA are interoperable with each other even if they are from different manufacturers A user with a Wi Fi product can use any brand of access point with any other brand of client hardware that is built to the Wi Fi standard WISP A wireless Internet service provider WISP is an Internet service provider ISP that allows subscribers to connect to a server using medium range wireless links This type of ISP offers broadband service and allows subscriber computers called stations to access the Internet and the Web from anywhere within the zone of coverage provided by the server antenna This is usually a region with a radius of several kilometers The simplest WISP is a basic service set BSS con
7. apter successfully You will connect the T 316 Ethernet Client to your system then set the appropriate networking parameters The Gemtek Systems Ethernet Client eliminates the need to install drivers and for setting the network properties It looks to the system like a normal wired connection to an Ethernet network 3 1 Overview Here are the steps you will be required to perform to establish your wireless network connection e Install the Access Point An AP is required for Infrastructure BSS Basic Service Set network mode e Connect the Ethernet Client T 316 e Set up the network connection including WEP security CE i ie Notebook with Ethernet car Network Camera Figure 3 1 Network Application Scheme 3 2 Connecting the Ethernet Client 1 2 3 4 Optional Mount T 316 Wi Fi Ethernet Client to your laptop display using the enclosed mounting clip Insert the circular power and Ethernet plugs into the appropriate connectors on the T 316 Connect the power connector into a powered USB port Plug the Ethernet cable into the Ethernet connector RJ45 on your system s Ethernet port There are three LED indicators on the front of the T 316 Activity ACT Power POWER and Link Status LINK The Power indicator should be on continuously green the Link Status yellow and Activity green will blink indicating activity on the wired and wireless networks respectively Reset the T 316 If you pres
8. ards including IP IPX Environmental Operating temperature ambient 10 50 C Humidity Max 95 Non condensing Power specifications DC power supply Input DC 100 240 50 60 Hz 2A Output 5V DC 2A converter incl Radio specifications Range per cell indoors approx 35 75 meters per cell outdoors up to 100 250 meters Transmit power Nominal Temp Range 15 dBm 12min Frequency range 2 4 2 4835 GHz direct sequence spread spectrum Number of Channels Most European countries 13 1 13 US and Canada 11 1 11 3 non overlapping France 4 10 13 1 non overlapping Japan 14 1 14 Specific features Supported bit rates 11 Mbps CCK 5 5 Mbps CCK 1 Mbps DBSK 2 Mbps DQPSK Data encryption 64 bits WEP Encryption 128 bits WEP Encryption Utility Management Web management and TFTP firmware upgrade Chapter 6 Glossary 802 11 802 11 is a family of specifications for wireless local area networks WLANs developed by a working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE The original specification provides for an Ethernet Media Access Controller MAC and several physical layer PHY options the most popular of which uses GFSK modulation at 2 4GHz enabling data rates of 1 or 2Mbps Since its inception two major PHY enhancements have been adopted and become industry standards 802 11b adds CCK modulation enabling data rates of up to 11
9. e IPX device networking Figure 3 6 Server configuration page Static default selected Select Static recommended to assign the IP Subnet Mask and Gateway Address DHCP default not selected If the Wireless Ethernet Client is part of a network with a DHCP server the DHCP server will assign the IP settings to the Wireless Ethernet Client automatically This is not recommended because a DHCP assigned IP Address will change frequently making the Wireless Ethernet Client impossible to configure Default IP address default 192 168 5 99 Default subnet mask default 255 255 255 0 Default gateway default 192 168 5 1 Optional Device Name default is blank The device can be assigned a name for identification purposes within the network Allow Upgrade Uploads default is unchecked Select this checkbox when performing firmware upgrade Cloning bridge default is unchecked This function currently has limited applications Gemtek Systems Page 14 T 316 User s Guide 3 3 5 Stations Selecting the Stations tab brings this page It shows the device that is bridging with the Ethernet Client Gemtek systems into uroasliP naar tations Aanin Hel Information about the stations that are being bridged NOTE You may have to re load this page to see the Stations current settings The bridge table IP Address MAC address 192 168 5 55 00023F344E54 Figure 3 7 Stations page Gemtek Systems Pa
10. ey of all zeros Key 1 M o For use when WEP is enabled oO For use when WEP is enabled Figure 3 5 Security page WEP Enabled default is unchecked Encryption WEP additional measure of security on your wireless network which can be achieved by using WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy encryption When an encrypted frame is received it will only be accepted if it decrypts correctly This happens only if the receiver has the WEP Key used by the transmitter All devices on the network and the Wireless Ethernet Client must share the same WEP selection either Enable or Disable To enable WEP Encryption click on WEP Enable WEP Key Length default is 128 bit The WEP key is generated from Hexadecimal entries that are either 64 or 128 bit in length This is also sometimes referred to as 40 bit or 104 bit encryption When enabling encryption select the Key Length either 64 or 128 bit and then input the Hexadecimal digits For 64 bit keys you must enter 10 hex digits into the key fields for 128 bit keys you must enter 26 hex digits If you leave the key field blank this means a key of all zeros fl Only the following alphanumeric characters are allowed in the entry which is 0 to 9 atof WEP Key to Use default is Key 1 Use the pull down menu to select the WEP key All devices on the network must use the same key to communicate with one another Deny Unencrypted Data default is unchecked For additi
11. ge 15 T 316 User s Guide 3 3 6 Administration Selecting the Admin tab brings this page Gemtek eI In wireless Adar Stations Admin Hela On this page you can change the password reboot the dre access point or reset all settings to their factory defaults If Firo aaaea you have changed any settings itis necessary to reboot the access point for the new settings to take effect User name Administrator pas di Re enter for confirmation Commands Figure 3 9 Administration page Change Username and Password default is blank A password can be used to prevent unauthorized access to the configuration of the T 316 However should you choose to use a password it must be 15 characters in length or less Re enter the password in the next field to verify that it is correct and click Change Password for the change to take effect Reboot Bridge Click Reboot to restart the Wireless Ethernet Client Reset to Factory Defaults Click on Factory Reset to return all settings to the Factory Default values This can also be done by pressing the Reset button on the back of the unit Gemtek Systems Page 16 T 316 User s Guide 3 3 7 Help This is reserved for future use i Gemtek systems nto Mirmise 1 naar Stations Admin Hep This page will provide additional resources to the user on how to set up operate and maintain this Bridge Help Figure 3 10 Help page C
12. hapter 4 Troubleshooting Because the T 316 requires no driver installation it is less problematic than devices that do Using the three LED indicators most problems can be isolated very easily POWER LED Power Must be on If it is not on Check to see that the USB cable is securely plugged into a USB port and Make certain that it is a powered USB port If itis not on and the cable is plugged into a powered USB port The cable may be defective or The T 316 is faulty LINK LED Wired network activity Should be on or blinking If it is off Check to see that the Ethernet cable is securely plugged into an Ethernet port on the computer Check to see that the indicator LEDs associated with the Ethernet port are on or blinking If the connection appears to be correct The cable may be defective or The settings of the Ethernet port should be checked ACT LED RF link activity Should be on or blinking If it is off Check to see that the Access Point the T 316 is associating with is working and within range 300 maximum with no obstructions Check the settings of the T 316 to see that it is capable of associating with the AP e DHCP client must be enabled unless the network administrator states otherwise e WEP settings must be the same as those for the AP disabled or identical keys Chapter 5 Technical Specifications Standards supported IEEE 802 11 standard for Wireless LAN All major networking stand
13. hat AP available around you at Info page Channel default 6 This is the channel that the Wireless Ethernet Client uses to transmit and receive data The channel that you select here is restricted to the channels that can be used within your regulatory domain It is best to leave this set to Auto so the device can find the best channel to connect with When operating in Ad Hoc mode this must be set to the same channel as all other devices in that network TX rate default Automatic The transmit rate identifies the preferred data transmission speed of the Ethernet Client Transmissions at higher rates allow for higher data throughput and quicker network response times However transmissions at lower rates are usually more reliable and cover longer distances than the higher rates Access Point Density default High When connecting to the Access Point it is generally necessary to specify an Access Point Density This provides some control over handoff of clients during roaming between Access Points Low Medium or High can be selected Gemtek Systems Page 12 T 316 User s Guide 3 3 3 Security part of the Wireless page WEP enabled CO For proper use of WEP also select Deny Unencrypted Data and set Authentication to Shared Key when WEP is enabled 128 bit For 64 bit keys you must enter 10 hex digits into the key fields for 128 bit keys you must enter 26 hex digits If you leave the key field blank this means a k
14. implified installation and operational procedures of the E 810 Power Over Ethernet PoE 8 port Switch Prerequisite Skills and Knowledge To use this document effectively you should have a working knowledge of Local Area Networking LAN concepts and wireless Internet access infrastructures In addition you should be familiar with the following Hardware installers should have a working knowledge of basic electronics and mechanical assembly and should understand related local building codes Network administrators should have a solid understanding of software installation procedures for network operating systems under Microsoft Windows 95 98 Millennium 2000 NT and Windows XP and general networking operations and troubleshooting knowledge Conventions Used in this Document The following typographic conventions and symbols are used throughout this document ll Very important information Failure to observe may result in damage fl Important information Requires further user interaction il Additional information Helpful tips but not required bold Menu commands Buttons and input fields are displayed in bold code File names directory names form names and system generated output such as error messages are displayed in constant width type lt value gt Place holder for certain values e g user inputs Help Us to Provide Quality Documentation If you should encounter any errors in this document or want to provide additio
15. nal comments to improve the manual please send e mail directly to manuals gemtek systems com Gemtek Systems Technical Support Having problems please visit our online technical support http www gemtek systems com The site offers The latest software user documentation and product updates Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Direct contact to the Gemtek Systems support centers Chapter 1 Introduction Thank you for purchasing the Gemtek Systems Wi Fi Ethernet Client This manual will assist you with the installation procedure The pacage you have received should contain the following items T 316 Wi Fi Ethernet Client Laptop display mounting clip Dual purpose cable USB and Ethernet User Guide CD containing the User Guide Note if anything is missing please contact your vendor ge Figure 1 1 T316 Wi Fi Ethernet Client Chapter 2 Wireless LAN Basics Wireless LAN Local Area Networks systems offer a great number of advantages over traditional wired systems Wireless LANs WLANs are more flexible easier to set up and manage and often more cost effective than their wired equivalents Using radio frequency RF technology WLANs transmit and receive data using only the air as a medium minimizing the need for wired connections Thus WLANs combine data connectivity with user mobility and through simplified configuration enable more mobile networks With wireless LANs users can access shared information withou
16. onal security when WEP is enabled select Deny Unencrypted Data Data received without a WEP key is rejected when Deny Unencrypted Data is selected Shared Key Authentication default is unchecked Shared Key Authentication is when both the sender and the recipient share a secret key All points on your network must use the same authentication type It is recommended that you use the default setting Gemtek Systems Page 13 T 316 User s Guide 3 3 4 Server Configuration Selecting the IP Addr tab brings this page Gemtek systems Info wireless tp Addr Stations Admin Help On this page you can configure the IP address used by the Web and TFTP servers running on this bridge For static Server mode the IP address setting are given below For DHCP mode these settings may be overridden by a DHCP server rola eT LOIRE on your network Any new IP settings will not take effect until the bridge is rebooted NOTE You may have to re load this page to see the current settings Static O DHCP my 192 168 5 99 255 255 255 0 __ 192 168 5 1 i sd This is optional Leave this off during normal operation Cloning bridge Use this option to enable MAC cloning Bridge will set the wireless interface to use the MAC address of a device from the wired side Multiple devices can be connected but only the first device will be cloned This is required for special networking situations Eg XBox or som
17. otocol in a private network either an intranet or an extranet When you are set up with direct access to the Internet your computer is provided with a copy of the TCP IP program just as every other computer that you may send messages to or get information from also has a copy of TCP IP TCP IP is a two layer program The higher layer Transmission Control Protocol manages the assembling of a message or file into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet and received by a TCP layer that reassembles the packets into the original message The lower layer Internet Protocol handles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination Telnet Telnet is the way to access someone else s computer assuming they have given permission Such a computer is frequently called a host computer More technically Telnet is a user command and an underlying TCP IP protocol for accessing remote computers On the Web HTTP and FTP protocols allow to request specific files from remote computers but not to actually be logged on as a user of that computer WAN A wide area network WAN is a geographically dispersed telecommunications network The term distinguishes a broader telecommunication structure from a local area network LAN A wide area network may be privately owned or rented but the term usually connotes the inclusion of public shared user networks An intermediate form of network in terms of geography is a metropolit
18. s the reset button for more than four seconds the Wireless Ethernet Client will be reset to the default factory settings All changes you made to the configuration will be lost Insert the end of a paper clip into the hole next to the Ethernet connector to press the reset button and hold it for at least four seconds LINK LED will blink during this process Release the reset button after the ACT LED goes off All settings will be cleared and set to the defaults You can refer to this manual and reconfigure the Wireless Ethernet Client by yourself T 316 User s Guide 3 3 Configuring the Network Connection The computer that you are using for initial configuration must have its IP Address set within the same range i e 192 168 5 xxx where xxx is any number between 001 and 254 excluding 099 M The T 316 has a default IP Address of 192 168 5 99 with a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 The Ethernet Client is a ready to use device It is delivered with default settings that allow you to access to it with any JavaScript enabled web browser such as Internet Explorer 4 0 or higher or Netscape Navigator 4 0 or higher To get to the configuration and status information enter into the address line http 192 168 5 99 the default address of the Ethernet Client Connect to 192 166 5 99 Figure 3 2 Login window Click OK No User name or Password is required Factory Default Settings for the Wireless Ethernet Client
19. share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area for example within an office building Usually the server has applications and data storage that are shared in common by multiple computer users A local area network may serve as few as two or three users for example in a home network or many as thousands of users for example in an FDDI network MAC Medium Access Control In a WLAN network card the MAC is the radio controller protocol It corresponds to the ISO Network Model s level 2 Data Link layer The IEEE 802 11 standard specifies the MAC protocol for medium sharing packet formatting and addressing and error detection NAT NAT Network Address Translation is the translation of an Internet Protocol address IP address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside Typically a company maps its local inside network addresses to one or more global outside IP addresses and unmaps the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local IP addresses NAT is included as part of a router and is often part of a corporate firewall POP3 POP3 Post Office Protocol 3 is the most recent version of a standard protocol for receiving e mail POP is a client server protocol in which e mail is received and held for you by your Internet server Periodically you or your client e mail receiver check
20. sisting of one server and numerous stations all linked to that server by wireless More sophisticated WISP networks employ the extended service set ESS topology consisting of two or more BSSs linked together at access points APs Both BSS and ESS are supported by the IEEE 802 1 1b specification
21. t IP Address Displays the device s IP address Non IP MAC Address This is the MAC Address of the Ethernet port that bridges to the Ethernet Client Gemtek Systems T 316 User s Guide 3 3 2 Wireless Configuration Selecting the Wireless tab brings this page il Only the top section of the page is shown here The rest is covered in the section on Security Gemtek systems info Wireless iP Addr stations Admin Help On this page you can configure the 802 11b wireless Wireless settings Any new settings will not take effect until the bridge i is rebooted NOTE You may have to re load this page to see Oo TALA PEUR thie current settings NEENHeNieReER Ad Hoc Infrastructure Leave field blank to use any SSID 6 M used only with Ad Hoc mode Automatic Mbits s y High used only for Infrastructure mode Figure 3 4 Wireless configuration page Operating Mode default Infrastructure This is the default setting Switch to Ad Hoc mode when communicating to another client device without the presence of Access Point SSID default is blank The SSID Service Set ID is the name given to the wireless network that the T 316 is associated with Only Wireless Ethernet Clients and clients that share the same SSID are able to communicate with each other You can leave this blank and then reboot it to scan the environment il You will see w
22. t looking for a place to plug in and network managers can set up or augment networks without installing or moving wires Wireless LANs offer the following productivity convenience and cost advantages over traditional wired networks Mobility Wireless LAN systems can provide LAN users with access to real time information anywhere within their organization This mobility supports productivity and service opportunities not possible with wired networks Installation Speed and Simplicity Installing a wireless LAN system can be fast and easy and eliminates the need to pull cables through walls and ceilings Installation Flexibility Wireless technology allows the network to go where wires cannot go Reduced Cost of Ownership While the initial investment required for wireless LAN hardware might be higher than the cost of wired LAN hardware overall installation expenses and life cycle costs will be significantly lower Long term cost benefits are greatest in dynamic environments requiring frequent moves additions and changes Scalability Wireless LAN systems can be configured in a variety of topologies to meet the needs of specific applications and installations Configurations are easily changed and range from peer to peer to full infrastructure networks and also allow roaming over a broad area T 316 User s Guide Chapter 3 Configuring the Wi Fi Ethernet Client The following section will assist in installing the wireless LAN Ad
23. ternet s Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP and Transport Control Protocol TCP layers The sockets part of the term refers to the sockets method of passing data back and forth between a client and a server program in a network or between program layers in the same computer SSL uses the public and private key encryption system from RSA which also includes the use of a digital certificate TCP TCP Transmission Control Protocol is a set of rules protocol used along with the Internet Protocol IP to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data TCP takes care of keeping track of the individual units of data called packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet TCP is a connection oriented protocol which means that a connection is established and maintained until such time as the message or messages to be exchanged by the application programs at each end have been exchanged TCP is responsible for ensuring that a message is divided into the packets that IP manages and for reassembling the packets back into the complete message at the other end In the Open Systems Interconnection OSI communication model TCP is in layer 4 the Transport Layer TCP IP TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet It can also be used as a communications pr
24. ters of Internet users and the computers that serve pages to users are host nodes The computers that control traffic within your company s network or at your local Internet service provider ISP are gateway nodes Hot spot A hot spot is wireless public access system that allows subscribers to be connected to a wireless network in order to access the Internet or other devices such as printers Hot spots are created by WLAN access points installed in public venues Common locations for public access are hotels airport lounges railway stations or coffee shops HTTPS HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer or HTTP over SSL is a Web protocol developed by Netscape and built into its browser that encrypts and decrypts user page requests as well as the pages that are returned by the Web server HTTPS is really just the use of Netscape s Secure Socket Layer SSL as a sublayer under its regular HTTP application layering ICMP ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet ICMP uses Internet Protocol IP datagrams but the messages are processed by the IP software and are not directly apparent to the application user IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The IEEE describes itself as the world s largest professional society The IEEE fosters the development of standards that often become national and internation
25. your mail box on the server and download any mail POP3 is built into the Netmanage suite of Internet products and one of the most popular e mail products Eudora It s also built into the Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer browsers RADIUS RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service is a client server protocol and software that enables remote access servers to communicate with a central server to authenticate dial in users and authorize their access to the requested system or service RADIUS allows a company to maintain user profiles in a central database that all remote servers can share It provides better security allowing a company to set up a policy that can be applied at a single administered network point Having a central service also means that it s easier to track usage for billing and for keeping network statistics SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP is the protocol governing network management and the monitoring of network devices and their functions It is not necessarily limited to TCP IP networks SNMP is described formally in the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF Request for Comment RFC 1157 and in a number of other related RFCs SSL The Secure Sockets Layer SSL is a commonly used protocol for managing the security of a message transmission on the Internet SSL has recently been succeeded by Transport Layer Security TLS which is based on SSL SSL uses a program layer located between the In
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