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PigGas: Pork Industry Greenhouse Gas Calculator User Guide

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1. Figure 14 Monthly Pig Movements entry screen Eater Yearty Tos ry Cocubte Tota Pig Movement Enter Momhy Totsts jUnit___ Breeder TEORA patee laes Sevel Sous Farer Gie tous T Seta Greve oo 533 28 072 261 Live Wetye ssga aces TT o o onn D welyr aassaj sass Te 5 3 ft ee o Ho Tranter relwedt E E Purchase piqctyr toa E E E E E a a a a a i ene Ee on a Se a ae Dress 600 aeoo o ooo d Figure 15 Weekly Calculate Totals Pig Movements entry screen Click Menu button to return to Main Menu 25 5 10 Energy Use Menu Figure 16 e From the Main Menu screen click on the Energy Use button e For each piggery Unit selected from the drop down list select an energy type from the drop down list and manually enter the relevant annual consumption in units of kWh or litres obtained from farm records e Click Menu button to return to Main Menu ON FARM ENERGY USE Unit Units Notes kg CO2 e 1 Breeder Purchased Electricity 300000 kWh 267000 2 Weaner_ Purchased Electricity 140000 kWh 124600 3 GrowOut_ Purchased Electricity 15000 kWh 13350 4 Breeder _ Diesel Transport 1500 1 4047 5 Weaner Diesel Transport 700 _ 1 1889 6 GrowOut Diesel Transport 250 1 675 7 Breeder _ Petrol Transport 500 T 1190 8 Weaner_ Petrol Tra
2. GenoType1 Genotype GenoType3 GenoType GenoTypes GenoType Feed Kg Days GenoType 7 GenoType 8 GenoType 9 84 161 84 N A NIA NIA 111 2 2 48 116 8 2 32 72 7 2 40 77 8 2 24 96 3 2 44 129 5 Figure 10 Pig Genetics entry screen 0 7 o 7 3 20 470 6 80 9 30 12 50 16 30 20 70 25 70 31 20 37 20 43 60 50 30 57 20 64 20 71 30 Figure 1 Pig Feed amp Growth Curves entry screen Pigs Details Menu Figure 12 Group Details e From the Main Menu screen click on the Pig Details button e Data should be entered for each Pig Group on the site space is available for up to 50 individual pig groups e Type in Group ID s into first row These ID s should be unique identifiers known to farm staff e For each group identify the piggery Unit to which the group belongs by clicking on the Unit box and selecting from the drop down list e For each Pig Group click on the Pig Category box and select from the drop down list e Fill in the Average Number of pigs in each pig group on site 22 e Click on the Manure Management System box and select the correct MMS for each Pig Group from the drop down list Growth Details For each Pig Group enter the relevant Age In Age Out Weight In and Weight Out boxes Note Ctrl G will get Growth Curve data in lieu of enteri
3. Pork PigGas Pork Industry Greenhouse Gas Calculator User Guide Disclaimer The opinions advice and information contained in this publication have not been provided at the request of any person but are offered by Australian Pork Limited APL solely for informational purposes While APL has no reason to believe that the information contained in this publication is inaccurate APL is unable to guarantee the accuracy of the information and subject to any terms implied by law which cannot be excluded accepts no responsibility for loss suffered as a result of any party s reliance on the accuracy or currency of the content of this publication The information contained in this publication should not be relied upon for any purpose including as a substitute for professional advice Nothing within the publication constitutes an express or implied warranty or representation with respect to the accuracy or currency of the publication any future matter or as to the value of or demand for any good Table of Contents l Summary 2 Brief Background to Australia s Carbon Accounting System 2 1 Where does PigGas fit 3 Piggas Emissions Boundary Schematic 4 Comparison of Default Australian Methodology DCCEE 201 la with PigGas Calculator Methodology for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Pigs 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 Greenhouse gas global warming potentials Fuel c
4. Mass of manure nitrogen applied to soils kg x FracWET from Table 6 J 2 x 0 3 kg N lost kg N applied Equation 4D3_6 Mass of N20 lost through leaching and runoff kg Mass of N lost through leaching and runoff kg from Equation 4D3_6 above x 0 0125 kg N20 kg N x 44128 Equation 4D3_7 Table 6 2 Fraction of animal waste available for leaching and runoff FracWET DCCEE 2012 State All other categories including swine ACT 0 665 NSW 0 335 Northern Territory 0 773 Queensland 0 107 South Australia 0 415 Tasmania 0 995 Victoria 0 768 Western Australia 0 668 PigGas Same as default methodology above Uses farm specific feed specifications intakes wastage and herd production performance for each pig group to calculate nitrogen in waste streams from a current feed ingredient raw materials list with the same mass balance method as used in PIGBAL Uses farm specific manure management system options for individual pig groups to apportion nitrogen flows 4 13 Additional notes on Default Australian Methodology vs PigGas Direct CO emissions According to Australian Methodology any CO2 produced directly by pigs or by manure management systems are considered part of the natural carbon cycle and not considered in estimation of GHG Outdoor piggeries The Australian Methodology assumes that all pig waste nitrogen is applied to soils after waste treatment or is daily s
5. R W McGahan E J Galloway J L and O Keefe M F 2010 National Environmental Guidelines for Piggeries 2nd Edition Revised 2011 APL Project 2231 Australian Pork Limited ACT Australian Pork Limited 2008 Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Pork Life Cycle Snapshot APL Factsheet Dec 2008 Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency 201la National Greenhouse Accounts Factors Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Commonwealth of Australia Canberra ACT July 2011 ISBN 978 1 921299 86 5 Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency 2011b Carbon Farming Initiative Methodology for the destruction of methane generated from manure in piggeries Approved by Domestic Offsets Integrity Committee September 201 http www climatechange gov au government submissions closed consultations carbon farming initiative media government initiatives cfi methodology development methodologies under consideration CFl MethanePiggeriesMethodology 201 205 PDF pdf Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency 2012 Australian National Greenhouse Accounts National Inventory Report 2010 Volume The Australian Government Submission to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change April 2012 Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Commonwealth of Australia Canberra ACT April 2012 ISBN 978 1 922003 28 7 Casey K D McGahan E J Atzeni M A Gardener E A amp Frizzo R E 19
6. and herd production performance for each pig group to calculate nitrogen in waste streams from a current feed ingredient raw materials list using the same mass balance method as PIGBAL Uses individual farm specific manure management system options and the default emission factors as outlined in Table 6 12 above PigGas apportions waste streams from different on farm pig groups to different manure management systems MMS 4 10 Manure management system Volatilised NH amp NO N20 Default DCCEE 2012 Section 6 6 2 7 Atmospheric Deposition Nitrous oxide emissions kg nitrogen in waste kg d for each MMS x fraction volatilised from each MMS in Table 6 31 FracGASM x 0 01 kg N20 N kg N x 44 28 Equations 4D3_2 and 4D3_4 Table 6 31 Fraction of N volatilised in each manure management system FracGASM DCCEE 2012 Manure management system Swine MMSI Anaerobic lagoon 0 4 MMS2 Liquid slurry 0 48 MMS3 Daily spread 0 07 MMS4 Solid storage amp drylot 0 45 MMSS Digester 0 PigGas Nitrous oxide emissions kg on farm nitrogen in waste kg d for each MMS x fraction volatilised from each MMS in Table 6 31 FracGASM x 0 01 kg N20 N kg N x 44 28 wiled db deDelives E S ls amp Equations 4D3_2 and 4D3_4 Uses farm specific feed specifications intakes wastage and herd production performance for each pig group to calculate nitrogen in waste streams from a curren
7. asais CT Se ee SV iD Wityrkg 64057 1 368 4 391 935 JP Mo o o G o o Dress mox mo o T T T T T77 po ener Growoutf J S a emma T ce S HMH ool ooa redol rebos ooral ooa ooa Toal Purchases tt ene ian _ _ D Wiyrkg Tis ate e E E Dress T Sooo o S oox 7600 f T T S S Figure 13 Yearly Movements entry screen Transfers e When pigs are transferred between different piggery Units on the site for each of the Units amp Pig Types in each column click on the Tansfers To box below and select a Unit to where the pigs are moving from the the drop down list e Enter the annual Total Transfers and their Total Live Weight in kg Purchases e For each of the Unit and PigType columns if there any purchases then annual Total Purchases and total Live Weights should be entered Similar methods are used to enter monthly data Figure 14 or weekly data Figure 15 24 Enter Yearly Totals Calculate Totals aaen Pig Movements 1 2 3 4 5 6 T 8 Unit Breeder Breeder GrowOut Breeder Breeder Breeder Weaner T Gest Sows Boars Finisher Gilts Boars Suckers Grower January Number Sold Total Live Wt Kg Total Dress Wt Kg February Number Sold Total Live Wt Kg Total Dress Wt Kg March Number Sold Total Live Wt Kg Total Dress Wt Kg Number Sold Total Live Wt Kg Total Dress Wt Kg Number Sold Total Live Wt Kg Total Denee Wt Ka
8. collection solid extraction solids use liquid treatment and treated effluent use for each group of pigs on a site Separated solids This section is inserted as a new MMS 3 solids storage drylot stream which can be added to any pig group waste management system Maximum percentages of volatile solids and nitrogen removed by various separation methods are shown in the following table The data was synthesized from Kruger et al 1995 and Tucker et al 2010 The data can be changed in the Assumptions Menu screen The Daily Spread option is inserted into solids separation table for selection in the instance where a proportion of the effluent is diverted to land or exported prior to entering a waste treatment system e g say 20 of piggery manure is taken from a sump each day to be spread by tanker remaining 80 goes to pond treatment etc Solids Separation Method VS N None 0 0 Run down screen I5 5 Screw press 20 7 5 Centrifuge 25 10 Sedimentation 50 20 Daily Spread 20 20 Exported solids and effluent A legitimate pathway for solids or effluent from a piggery is removal of a percentage through off site export or sales The remainder goes to soil application within the piggery enterprise The off site export or sales portion need not be accounted for in piggery enterprise emissions as it would normally be used by another farm in a cropping pasture or livestock enterprise where it would be accoun
9. feeen jr Na kanon l 4 Waste Applied to Soil Manure Management System Enteric Cy Po Figure PigGas Piggery greenhouse gas emissions diagram Emissions offsets trees soil carbon etc can be entered if options and estimates are available in the future however any offsets need to be estimated from other sources and CO e emissions data is entered manually Pre farm Scope 3 emissions feed grain straw bedding feed transport feed milling pig freight and post farm Scope 3 emissions pig freight meat processing manure exported off site are separated from the piggery enterprise boundary These emissions with the exception of manure export can be reported in PigGas separately if estimates are gathered from other sources and CO2 e emissions data entered manually For any manure solids or effluent that is exported off site PigGas reduces on farm methane and nitrous oxide emissions in proportion to the percentage of volatile solids and nitrogen exported and it also assumes that any solids or effluent exported will be applied to soil off site resulting in N2O emissions elsewhere These exported manure emissions are counted as a post farm emissions component PigGas calculates only those emissions directly attributable to the piggery enterprise and excludes other livestock enterprise emissions pasture cropping enterprise emissions or field burning of agricul
10. than one day and is then spread by irrigation or tanker without going through a treatment pond or lagoon are included in this system descriptor An example is underfloor storage for a several weeks followed by pump out and tanker spreading to a paddock Daily spread This descriptor includes all piggery waste collection systems which store effluent for one day or less and are spread daily by irrigation or tanker It also includes all outdoor pigs which do not have associated deep litter housing since their manure is deposited daily on the soil Solid storage amp drylot All deep litter or eco shed type production systems for any class of pigs are incorporated in this system descriptor Also includes all outdoor pigs which have deep litter shelters with access to outdoor paddocks or runs Digester This descriptor includes all constructed manure digestion facilities including covered anaerobic ponds which capture and consume the methane by flaring or combustion in engines or gas fired boilers heaters etc 4 8 Manure management system CH4 Default DCCEE 2012 Section 6 4 2 3 Pigs Methane kg d volatile solids kg d x 0 45 m methane kg volatile solids x methane conversion factor Table 6 E 4 x 0 662 kg m3 methane cece cece ec ee eens eens Equation 4B 8_ Uses average volatile solids production calculated from PIGBAL Casey et al 2000 with average feed specifications intakes and wastage for limited pig class
11. the following table The data was synthesized from Kruger et al 1995 and Tucker et al 2010 The data can be changed if warranted in the Assumptions entry screen The Daily Spread option is inserted into the solids extraction separation table for selection in the instance where a proportion of the effluent is diverted to land spreading or exported prior_to entering a waste treatment system e g 20 of piggery manure is taken from a sump each day to be spread by tanker remaining 80 goes to pond treatment etc e Click Menu button to return to Main Menu 76 00 Figure 4 Assumptions entry screen 5 4 Manure Management Systems Menu Figures 5 amp 6 e From the Main Menu screen click on the Manure Management button e Five Manure Management Systems MMSI to MMS5 can be configured for the site e Clicking on each MMS opens individual entry screens msi Ponds 4so 61s Straw Igloo 0 09 14 84 Ponds II 5 63 5 72 mss Notused 5 63 572 MMS5 Not Used 4 80 5 40 MMS SUMMART MMSS CHAK VS 4 7993 0 0933 5 6303 5 6303 4 7970 NO Diroct KqN 0 9499 9 7429 0 4871 0 4871 9 4525 Figure 5 Manure Management Systems screen As an example click on the first button MMS I to open its entry screen see Figure 6 Each manure management system on the piggery site should be named and defined in detail by clicking on the entry boxes which appear on the screen see Figure 6 These systems can then be al
12. 2012 Manure Management System Siate MMSI MMS2 MMS4 MMS3 MMS5 Lagoon Liquid Slurry Drylot Daily Spread Digester NSW ACT 73 0 0 27 0 Tasmania 0 0 0 100 0 Western Australia 65 0 30 5 0 South Australia 73 0 0 27 0 Victoria 71 0 0 27 2 Queensland 92 1 5 5 1 5 0 Northern Territory 100 0 0 0 0 Table 6 12 Symbols and emission factors used in algorithms for nitrous oxide emissions DCCEE 2012 Manure Management System MMS kg is Nedi MMSI Anaerobic lagoon 0 001 MMS2 Liquid systems 0 001 MMS3 Daily spread 0 MMS4 Solid storage amp drylot 0 02 MMSS Digester 0 001 PigGas More detailed choices for waste treatment and solid separation options reflecting Australian piggeries are built into PigGas Multiple manure management systems on a piggery site can be modelled by enabling different manure management systems to be allocated to different pig groups on the site The following assumptions have been made to allow individual piggeries to adequately define and allocate their systems to a default MMS descriptor Anaerobic lagoon All piggery pond lagoon treatment systems including evaporation basins facultative ponds and sedimentation amp evaporation ponds with surfaces open to the atmosphere are included in this system descriptor Liquid slurry system All piggery waste systems in which effluent is stored for more
13. 4 43 013 20 211 136 537 199 311 MMS CHs 953 751 11 33 3 319 231 4 739 370 MMS Direct N30 24 759 134 056 57 261 266 075 MMS Volatiliratian N30 51 104 41 412 224 045 321 562 Suil Loach amp Runoff a0 amp Vi 9 499 6 127 43 039 53 715 Sail Nad 75 615 48 775 342 995 467 335 Tatal HHS 1 162 740 311 569 A b23 209 6 102 91 Offsets OFfrotr Tutal On Farm 1 431 161 452 019 4 642 531 6 575 711 Part Ferm Ertimate kq COz 2 Pig Freight 2 577 6 936 9 514 Moat Processing 26 170 556 774 532 944 Exported Manure Tatal Part Farm 23 747 43 716 672 45 kqCO 2 kqgHSCw Pro Farm On Farm Part Farm ka CO e fka HSC Wednerday 65 September 2612 6 64 Figure 19 Report bottom half Emissions Profile 5 13 Scenario Graphic Menu_ Figure 20 From the Main Menu screen click on the Scenario Graphic button Emissions in kgCO2 e and Emissions Intensities in kg CO2 e kg HSCW are reported in each box representing an emissions source on the piggery Pre Farm On Farm and Post Farm emissions are shown Baseline emissions can be saved by clicking Copy To Baseline button in the upper right hand corner A change scenario can then be modelled by changing relevant input data by again following the menus and finishing by viewing and printing a revised Report and a Scenario Graphic containing both the Baseline data and the Scenario emissions data and graphs The Scenario Graphic can be printed by clicking on the Print button Click M
14. 96 PIGBAL A nutrient balance model for intensive piggeries Queensland Department of Primary Industries Version 2 14 10 February 2000 Kruger I R Taylor G A and Ferrier M 1995 Effluent at Work Australian Pig Housing Series NSW Agriculture ISBN 0 7305 6741 9 Kruger R Mills G W amp Madden P F 2013 PigGas Pork Industry Greenhouse Gas Calculator and Case Studies Final Report APL Project 2009 1011 335 January 2013 Australian Pork Limited ACT Wiedemann Stephen McGahan Eugene Grist Shelly and Grant Tim 2010 Environmental Assessment of Two Pork Supply Chains Using Life Cycle Assessment RIRDC Publication No 09 176 RIRDC Project No PRJ 3176 and PRJ 4519 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Barton ACT ISBN 74151 973 X 31
15. Out i H i 26 H 70 112 H 168 H Wtin kg i i i H i 1 40 i 8 00 2500 5500 H Wt Out Kg Average Wt kg i 130 00 200 00 188 00 188 00 8 00 H 25 00 55 00 H 100 00 H H Straw amp Bedding i i i H H i H H H i Kg head day H I 0 50 H Total tyr H i 420 i COre lyr A ll 10 500 l Feed Details i i i H H i i i Feed Type DySow DySow DrySow LacSow Sucker Weaner Grower Finisher H Wastage H 10 00 H 5 00 i 5 00 H 5 00 2000 i 15 00 H 10 00 i 10 00 Feed Delvrd Kg Day i 2 780 f 2 420 j 2 420 H 4 740 H 0 130 i 0 710 H 1 670 H 2 560 Ean Innactad nida An fads f aena 990m aaa fan mana mana i ana E 9 9nA t Figure 2 Pig Details entry screen PigMovements Menu Figures 13 14 amp 15 e From the Main Menu screen click on the Pig Movements button e Choose entry type by clicking Enter Yearly Totals Figure 13 Enter Monthly Totals Figure 14 or Calculate Totals from weekly data Figure 15 Sales In each column piggery Units and their associated Pig Types can be selected by clicking on the relevant boxes and choosing from the drop down lists From farm records manually enter Total Sales Livewight and Dressed Weight for each Unit and Pig Type 23 e a io Ener Yeay bieb Calculate Totals AREER Pig Movements 1 2 3 4 5 6 T 8 9 10 Unt Breeder Breeder_ GrowOut Breeder Breeder Breeder Weaner pecee sia fins lose aaj fas fies ae ff foalSales sa ef
16. are currently seeking Help on Further Help items will be added in future based on user feedback 5 15 Saving and Closing Menus Click the Save button in the bottom right hand corner of the Main Menu to save over currently opened spreadsheet file Click on the Save As New Name button to save your current changes to a new file name in your chosen directory location Click on the Close button to close the spreadsheet This bring up the normal Excel menu for exiting files Save Don t Save or Cancel buttons 29 6 CONCLUSION The PigGas Calculator PigGas was developed as a Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheet for use by piggery owners managers and advisers to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from their enterprise PigGas follows the Australian methodology for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions but allows fine tuning to the individual piggery enterprise level PigGas is freely available by downloading from the websites of NSW Department of Primary Industries www dpi nsw gov au agriculture livestock pigs and Australan Pork Limited www australianpork com au PigGas is a useful tool to estimate piggery enterprise baseline emissions and can be used to model change scenarios and plan potential emissions reductions 30 7 REFERENCES Australian Farm Institute 2009 FarmGAS calculator final report and case studies Research Report August 2009 Australian Farm Institute Surry Hills NSW ISBN 9780980691238 Tucker
17. asses at 18 6 MJ kg feed dry matter A methane conversion of 0 7 of gross energy intake is used for Australia Appendix 6 E gives approximate dry matter intakes for Boars Sows Gilts and Others see previous section Diets amp pig production data Uses an average value for gross energy of feed for all pig classes of 18 6 MJ GE kg feed DM This is derived from average herd performance characteristics Table 1 3 average feed specification intake and wastage Tables G I I 1 1 2 and 1 3 DCCEE 212 PigGas Methane kg d feed intake kg DM d x on farm diet gross energy MJ GE kg DM intake x 0 007 methane conversion factor of gross energy 55 22 MJ kg methane 066 Equation 4A 8_1 Uses farm specific feed intakes for each pig group Uses farm specific feed specifications or diet analyses and a current feed ingredient raw material list to calculate gross energies in diets for each pig group 4 7 Manure management systems descriptors Default DCCEE 2012 Appendix 6 E Pigs Manure management systems MMS options Tables 6 E 3 and Table 6 12 are only broadly defined as follows MMSI Anaerobic lagoon MMS2 Liquid slurry system MMS3 Daily spread MMS4 Solid storage amp drylot MMSS Digester Australian Methodology allocates set proportions of manure management systems to each state Table 6 E 3 Table 6 E 3 Pigs Allocation of waste to manure management systems DCCEE
18. d intakes Table 6 E 1 volatile solids in the waste Table 6 E 2 and nitrogen in the waste Table 6 E 5 This data for year 2000 is shown below Tables 6 E 1 amp 6 E 2 amp 6 E 5 combined data for year 2000 DCCEE 2012 Boars Gilts Breeding sows Other pigs Feed intake kgDM hd d 2 20 2 80 3 02 1 49 Table 6 E Volatile solids kg hd d 0 39 0 54 0 49 0 28 Table 6 E 2 Nitrogen kg hd d 14 59 12 23 20 70 11 04 Table 6 E 5 A default gross energy factor of 18 6 MJ GE kg feed DM is used in enteric methane calculation PigGas Uses farm specific feed specifications feed intakes feed wastage and herd production performance for each pig group to calculate the volatile solids and nitrogen in waste streams The raw ingredients of up to four separate seasonal diets for each pig group can be entered into PigGas to calculate dietary gross energy for enteric methane calculations and manure volatile solids and nitrogen for methane and nitrous oxide calculations from the manure management systems and wastes applied to soils If more than one diet is used for a group calculations are based on the percentage of each diet consumed throughout the year The standard raw ingredients list used in PigGas was obtained from the latest version of PIGBAL which is currently being updated for release in 2013 This list includes gross energy dry matter digestibility ash and nitrogen concentrations for raw dietary in
19. dioxide equivalent emissions within the boundary of the piggery enterprise It provides a measure of the piggery enterprise Scope and Scope 2 emissions over which the pig farmer has some immediate control Scope or direct emissions are a direct result of the piggery activities and on site combustion of fuels Scope 2 or indirect emissions result from consumption of electricity purchased off site PigGas also provides an estimate of the major Scope 3 or lifecycle emissions in the broader upstream or downstream supply chain outside the enterprise boundary e g growing of grains milling of purchased feedstuffs off site transport of feeds and straw off site pig transport and meat processing PigGas provides flexibility to input farm specific data and production characteristics While it closely follows the Australian methodology for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from piggeries Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency 201 la and Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency 2012 it provides the capacity to fine tune production activities and the resulting emissions at the individual piggery enterprise level Users can perform what if scenarios by making changes to energy pig groups feedstuffs growth performance indoor and outdoor production systems waste management systems solids separation soil application methods manure exports and emissions offsets to find ways to reduce pig enterprise greenhouse gas em
20. e GJ from Tables 3 amp 4 of DCCEE 201 la PigGas Same as default methodology but PigGas has restricted selections to the following options e For stationary fuels petrol heating oil diesel LPG biodiesel e For mobile transport fuels petrol diesel LPG biodiesel Tables 3 amp 4 Combined data fuel combustion emissions factors used for stationary amp transport energy purposes DCCEE 201 la Emission Factors kgCO2 e G Fuel Combusted Energy GJ kl co2 CH4 N20 Petrol Stationary 34 20 66 70 0 20 0 20 Heating Oil Stationary 37 30 68 80 0 02 0 20 Diesel Stationary 38 60 69 20 0 10 0 20 Biodiesel Stationary 34 60 0 00 0 06 0 20 LPG Stationary 25 70 59 60 0 10 0 20 Petrol Transport 34 20 66 70 0 60 2 30 Diesel Transport 38 60 69 20 0 20 0 50 Biodiesel Transport 34 60 0 00 1 20 2 20 LPG Transport 26 20 59 60 0 60 0 60 4 3 Consumption of electricity purchased off site C02 e Default DCCEE 201 la COn e t Quantity of electricity purchased kW h x Emission factor for state grid kg CO2 e kW h from Table 5 of DCCEE 201 la Table 5 Indirect scope 2 emission factors for consumption of purchased electricity from the grid National Greenhouse Accounts Factors DCCEE 201 la Siate Emission factor kg CO2 e kWh ACT 0 89 NSW 0 89 Tasmania 0 30 Western Australia 0 80 South Australia 0 68 Victoria 1 21 Queens
21. enu button to return to Main Menu 28 On Farm en On Farm Emissions 5 Australian Methodology DCCEE A CORA ee we j baCOR his s oun Es Baseline Scenario Total Emissions Terai 1 418 a i 7 P Wednesday 05 Sep 2012 0 16 m x Ej Enteric wey i Yol ipae eachins 5 Aes eae E Pork E gt a gt Manure Management System Waste Applied to Soil E cepartment of wy Baseline Scenario NSW primary Industries ui FostFam mn Farm mPre arm Figure 20 Scenario Graphic screen Note Ways to reduce piggery emissions e reduce energy used in piggery operations e reduce enteric methane emissions by increasing feeding efficiency and growth rates e reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions from manure management systems by changing solids separation and waste treatment options e reduce nitrous oxide emissions resulting from soil application of manure and effluent by changing manure management system and by changing method of soil application e g direct application and by exporting a percentage of manure or effluent off site 5 14 Help Menu From the Main Menu click on the Help button in the bottom right hand corner to display a Help Map for PigGas From within any PigGas Menu Click on the Help sign Click on the pink boxes to enlarge the Help detail for each Menu screen To exit Help click on the green Return to Data Entry arrow This will return you to the Menu entry screen you
22. es Table 6 E 2 see above in Diets and pig production data section Uses an integrated methane conversion factor MCF for each state Table 6 E 4 below based on an assumed allocation of different percentages of manure management options in each state Table 6 E 3 see above in Manure management systems descriptors section Table 6 E 4 Pigs Methane Conversion Factor MCF DCCEE 2012 Manure Management System MCF Sete MMSI MMS2 MMS4 MMS3 MMS5 Lagoon Liquid Slurry Drylot Daily Spread Digester NSW ACT 90 35 1 5 0 5 10 Tasmania 90 35 1 5 0 5 10 Western Australia 90 35 1 5 0 5 10 South Australia 90 35 1 5 0 5 10 Victoria 90 35 1 5 0 5 10 Queensland 90 65 5 0 1 0 10 Northern Territory 90 65 5 0 1 0 10 PigGas Methane kg d on farm diet volatile solids kg d x 0 45 m methane kg volatile solids x methane conversion factor Table 6 E 4 x 0 662 kg m3 methane scceeeeersneeeeseeeeeEquation 4B 8_ PigGas uses farm specific feed specifications intakes wastage and herd production performance for each pig group on site to calculate volatile solids in waste streams from a current feed ingredient raw materials list using the same mass balance method as PIGBAL PigGas uses the default methane conversion factors MCF for individual farm specific manure management system options as outlined in Table 6 E 4 above and apportions was
23. etails Menu A pig genotype can be selected which best matches on farm pig performance e From the Main Menu screen click on the Pig Genetics button e For a known Pig Group under the Wt kg Days title bar at the top right hand side of the entry screen enter a known transfer age In and Out in the two white boxes When this is done weight data growth rate data total feed used data and FCR for GenoTypes 2 to 10 will appear below each age entered By comparing this data with observed pig performance a best fit Genetype can be chosen for the piggery e GenoType data can then be selected by clicking the box under Select Pig Performance at the top left hand side of the screen and selecting the Genotype from the drop down list e Click on the Growth Curves button to view the Pig Feed amp Growth Curves screen Figure 11 GenoType is left blank for producers to input their own GenoTupe performance data if desired e This GenoType data selected above will now be available to be loaded into the Pig Details Menu Figure 2 if all entry ages and weights exit ages and weights and feed usage for each PigGroup is not known See Help in PigDetails Menu for more information e Click Menu button to return to Main Menu 21 5 8 NIA menu l Select Pig Performance _Wi days_ alas GenoType 7 i m l 84 l 161 84 161 Seen NA NIA NIA 44 9 535 50 3 599 30 3 361 348 414 39 5 470 44 9 535 50 3 599 55 8 664 599
24. gredients The method used in PigGas to calculate manure volatile solids and nitrogen outputs is the same as used in PIGBAL i e by summing the volatile solids and nitrogen compositions of the diet ingredients used for each pig group The gross energy of each diet for each group of pigs is calculated in the same way and used instead of the default value of 18 6 MJ GE kg feed DM in the calculation of enteric methane An alternative method is available for obtaining dietary gross energy and nitrogen Gross energy GE is not reported in pork industry diet summaries and some farmers may only have access to diet analysis summaries which include digestible energy DE fibre ash nitrogen and other included nutrients without knowing the detailed raw ingredients list for their purchased feeds In this case PigGas provides an estimation equation for gross dietary energy derived from entries of DE fibre and ash content This regression equation was derived from the composition of DE fibre and ash in the standard raw ingredients list used in PigGas The nitrogen content of the total diet can be entered directly into PigGas in this case 4 6 Enteric methane CHa Default DCCEE 2012 Section 6 3 2 3 Pigs Methane kg d feed intake kg DM d x 18 6 MJ GE kg DM intake x 0 007 methane conversion factor of gross energy 55 22 Mj kg methane 00005 Equation 4A 8_ Dietary gross energy is assumed to be constant for all pig cl
25. issions Reports can be printed which show the piggery emissions profiles source quantities and totals PigGas is freely available and can be downloaded as a Microsoft Excel 2010 file from the websites of Australian Pork Limited and the NSW Department of Primary Industries 2 BRIEF BACKGROUND TO AUSTRALIA S CARBON ACCOUNTING SYSTEM Greenhouse gas emissions from piggeries are categorized as direct or indirect emissions Australian Pork Limited 2008 Direct emissions Scope are from sources that are owned or controlled by the piggery enterprise Indirect emissions Scopes 2 or 3 are emissions that result from activities associated with pork production but occur at sources owned or controlled by another entity For piggeries Scope 2 indirect emissions result from consumption of purchased electricity For piggeries Scope 3 indirect emissions result from any upstream or downstream products or services purchased or used by the business to produce or market the pig products e g manufacture of purchased feedstuffs piggery supplies off site pig transport or processing In 2002 emissions from piggeries or pork production Scopes amp 2 comprised only 0 4 of Australia s net national emissions DCC 2008 In comparison beef cattle emitted 11 2 sheep 3 4 dairy cattle 2 7 grains 1 1 poultry 0 3 sugar cane 0 2 and cotton 0 1 In 2009 agriculture emitted approximately 84 7 Mt CO 2 e or 15 5 of Australia s net national emis
26. ither Breeder or Grower in the drop down list to describe the category e In Diet Names boxes type every diet name used on the site e Click Menu button to return to Main Menu Assumptions Menu Figure 4 Open the Assumptions screen by clicking Assumptions button in Main Menu To enable calculation to be made of both Pre Farm and Post Farm Emissions data estimates need to be entered for the following e Grains assumed 250 kg CO gt e t grain Wiedemann et al 2009 e Straw amp bedding assumed 25 kg CO gt e t straw 1 1 0th grain in lieu of literature data e Feed milling amp delivery assumed average 48 kg CO2 e t feed Wiedemann et al 2009 e Meat processing assumed average 0 4 kg CO2 e kg HSCW Wiedemann et al 2009 Note this data can be drawn from any suitable published Australian data sources Also the following data need to entered based on known transport information for the site e Pig Purchased Transport Pigs per load Hd Distance km Fuel L 100km e Pig Sales Transport Pigs per load Hd Distance km Fuel consumption L 100 km Also to enable calculations of emissions intensity where pigs are imported to a site e Dressing for Transfers amp Purchases assumed 76 use best site estimate Also to enable solids removal calculations for the manure management systems e Maximum percentages of volatile solids and nitrogen removed by various separation methods are shown in
27. ive Wr kg Transfer Dress Wt kg Purchases Purchase Live Wt kg Purchase Dressed Wt kg Net Pig Movements Sales Live wr kg Sales Dress Wt kg Dress Feed Consumption kg FCR L We FCR D Wt EMISSIONS PROFILE Pre Farm Estimate kg COz e Grain Milling amp Delivery Bin Frainht 321 51360 39034 19 722 190 725 231 654 121 46 1198257 6 28 5 17 299 564 57 516 18 993 474 825 624 770 19500 156000 205263 507 318 825 419 507 131 58 595157 187 142 148 763 28 568 18315 1831494 1 331 935 76 00 76 00 678 1 356 669 767 166 56 55 3947593 2 91 5 15 386 898 183 484 Figure 18 Report top half Production Details 27 18 858 1 317 579 1 457 360 77 28 76 00 38 493 630 825 830 033 38 493 630 825 830 033 321 51 360 39 034 18 537 1 866 213 1 418 326 76 00 5 741 007 3 08 4 05 1 435 252 275 568 Harry s Happy Hogs Example Farm EMISSIONS PROFILE Pree Farm Ertimate kq CO 2 Grain 299 564 142 729 936 393 1 435 252 Milling amp Delivery 57 516 23 563 184 434 275 563 PiqFreiqht StraukBedding 10 500 10 500 Tutal Pro Farm 357 031 137 357 1 176 323 1 721 320 On Farm Ertimats kq COz Fuels amp Enoray PurcharedEloctricity 267 000 124 600 13 350 404 950 Fuol Stationary 46 133 13 035 59 263 Fuol Tranrport 5 237 2 365 972 574 Tutal Fuels amp Enor 313 420 140 050 14 322 72 792 Masere Meneqement Systems HHS Enteric CH
28. land 0 88 Northern Territory 0 67 PigGas Same as default methodology 4 4 Pig classes Default DCCEE 2012 Section 6 3 2 3 Pigs Pig Classes Boars Sows Gilts Others average from Table 6 7 of DCCEE 2012 Pig numbers obtained from state pig population statistics Weaner grower and finisher pigs are not analysed separately PigGas Piggery Unit Up to 10 separate piggery units can be named for the piggery This is a specific farm identifier known to the operator e g Breeder Grower unit Multiplier Weaner 3 etc Pig Groups Up to 50 separate groups can be named for the piggery This is a specific farm identifier of a discrete group of pigs within a particular pig category in a piggery location or unit as described by the operator e g 2 4 stage weaner shed2 porker outdoor dry sows etc Pig Categories Up to 10 categories available for naming of each group This is a specific farm identifier of the type or class of pigs within a particular piggery as usually described by the operator e g boar lactating sow dry sow gilt sucker nursery weaner porker grower finisher baconer presale etc Pig numbers groups and categories for each piggery unit are derived from on farm records 4 5 Diets and pig production data Default DCCEE 2012 Appendix 6 E Pigs Uses standardised data sets derived from PIGBAL Version 2 14 Casey et al 1996 of average feed specifications and average herd characteristics to calculate fee
29. le to go back to the Main Menu screen by clicking the Menu button located on each data entry screen Harry s Happy Hogs Example Farm WH Department of tomer Primary Industries Figure 2 The PigGas Main Menu entry screen 5 2 Farm Details Menu Figure 3 e Open the Farm Details screen by clicking on Farm Details button in Main Menu e In the State box select from drop down list e In Business Name box type business or owners name into space provided e In Project Title box type a title for the emisions study e g Baseline GHG Emissions e In Unit Name boxes type piggery unit names for the site These unit names will be used by the program to identify where to allocate individual pig groups waste treatment systems and energy uses These should names familiar to piggery staff menu Farm Details Select State N Business Name Harry s Happy Hogs Example Farm Breeder Gilts Breeder Sucker Weaner Boars Breeder Weaner GrowOut Gest Sows Breeder Grower Lac Sows Breeder Finisher Suckers Grower LacSow Weaners Grower DrySow Grower Grower Finisher Grower Figure 3 Farm Details entry screen e In Pig Categories boxes in the left hand column type all known cartegories of pigs on site using terminology or names familiar to staff e g Dry sows Nursery Weaner2 Finisher etc e In Pig Categories boxes in the right hand column click each box and choose from e
30. located later to individual pig groups on the site Click Menu button to return to Main Menu mus MeN nuro Management System 1 MMS1 Name Ponds I Total x Factor CO2e CH4 0 229 N 0 Dir 0 003 N O Vol 0 006 N OLRO 0 001 N20 Soil 0 009 mae pe NxO 0 0000 CH 0 0000 Production Type Indoor Collection Syste Liquid Solid Extraction Run Down Screen ETER vS N ii Nea oe 5 Solids Usage Soil Application Liquid Treatment Anaerobic Lagoon VS N Balance 85 95 Treated Effluent Soil Application Figure 6 MMSI entry screen 5 5 Diet Ingredients Menu Optional Figures 7 amp 8 e From the Main Menu screen click on the Diet Ingredients button e A fixed pig diet Ingredients List is included in PigGas which matches PigBal Version 2013 This list is used to calculate mass balances of volatile solids and nitrogen Figure 7 Diet Ingredients entry screen e Additional Raw Materials can be added to the Ingredients List if composition is available see Figure 8 Also if diet ingredients are unavailable for pig groups but the composition of the total diets are available these can be entered as Complete Diets in rows at the bottom of the Ingredients List See Figure 8 e Click Menu button to return to Main Menu Figure 8 Entry of Additional Raw Materials and Complete Diets at bottom of Diet Ingredients entr
31. nergy Efficiency s Fullcam model http www climatechange gov au government initiatives ncat media publications carbon accounting toolbox cd fullcam usermanual pdf or e SimaPro life cycle assessment software http www pre nl content simapro lca software The calculation output or carbon footprint is calculated as kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents kg CO e for the defined piggery enterprise and also as an intensity figure of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per kilogram of hot standard carcass weight kg CO2 e kg HSCW 3 PIGGAS EMISSIONS BOUNDARY SCHEMATIC For a piggery enterprise the defined boundary and emission profile calculated in PigGas is summarised schematically in Figure below The on farm emissions are described in detail in the section below titled Comparison of default Australian methodology with PigGas methodology for estimating greenhouse gas emissions for pigs earn ig peers eee Oe Teo RRR RRR RRR ERR ERE REE EEE Pre Farm Emissions 3 Post Farm Emissions 7 Grains F ama Pig Freight a Milling amp Delivery 5 E Meat Processing z Pig Freight Exported Manure Straw amp Bedding K A 2 eee EUR OOS ROE OR OCEROES TY Se BBB EB REESE eee eee On Farm Emissions dii eaea l m Offsets CO e t F t t 4 ge rei Fuel amp Energy ma e ca iara ca Purchasedelectricity Fuel stationary i Fuel transport ited res
32. ng data from farm records Enter Age In Age Out Feed Type and Feed wastage then press ctrl g in the Feed Delrvd row the weight and feed data will be enter automatically for the selected growth curve Straw amp Bedding e For each Pig Group enter the quantity of bedding used in deep litter systems or outdoor shelters Quantities can be entered either as kg head d or total t yr Feed Details e For each Pig Group enter the Feed Type used by clicking on the Feed Type box and selecting from the drop down list e For each PigGroup enter the feed Wastage by clicking on the box and selecting from the drop down list e For each Pig Group type in the Feed Delivered in kg from farm records This data will be populated automatically if Growth Curve data was chosen earlier e Click Menu button to return to Main Menu 5 9 Ctrl g Get Growth Curve data a i i i i i i Goup ID Gilts Boars i GestSows LacSow I Piglets i Weaners Growers Finisher H Unit Breeder Breeder Breeder Breeder Breeder Weaner i GrowOut_ GrowOut H H Pig Category Gilts i Boars GestSows LacSows i Suckers Weaners i Grower Finisher i H Average Number H 72 H 42 H 843 j 157 1497 ji 2295 H 2152 i 2818 H H Maure Mangement System i Ponds f Ponds f Ponds Ponds v Ponds i Straw Igloo Ponds Il il Ponds Il H Age Days In H i i i i i 27 H 71 H 113 i H Age Days
33. nsport 200 1 476 9 GrowOut Petrol Transport 125 298 10 Breeder _ LPG Stationary 30000 1 46183 11 Weaner_ LPG Stationary 8500 1 13085 12 aa E Figure 16 Energy Use entry screen 5 11 Offsets Menu Figure 17 e From the Main Menu screen click on the Offsets button e In future if offset methods are permitted by the Australian government to be used to offset piggery emissions annual figures should be derived from other sources and manually entered in this table for each piggery Unit Examples may be tree carbon soil carbon purchased carbon credits etc expressed as kg CO2 e yr for each piggery Unit e Click Menu button to return to Main Menu Eee Harry s Happy Hogs Comment Breeder Weaner GrowOut e E _ SE ESS Figure 7 Offsets entry screen 5 12 Reports Menu Figures 18 amp 19 e From the Main Menu screen click on the Reports button e PigGas performs its calculations and presents the Report as shown in combined Figures 18 amp 19 26 e The Report can be printed by clicking the Print button e Click Menu button to return to Main Menu Harry s Happy Hogs Example Farm Weaner GrowOut PRODUCTION DETAILS Total Sales Sales Live Wr kg Sales Dress Wt kg Average Dress Wt kg Dress Transfer Out Transfer Live Wr kg Transfer Dress Wt kg Transfer In Transfer L
34. ology reported in the National Greenhouse Account Factors July 2011 DCCEE 201 la and the most recent Australian National Greenhouse Accounts National Inventory Report 2010 Volume DCCEE 2012 PigGas was developed as a relatively simple tool for pig farmers to carry out these emissions calculations for their own site energy usages production systems feeds and growth performance waste management systems and manure re use and soil application methods PigGas calculates the piggery enterprise Scope and Scope 2 emissions over which the pig farmer has some immediate control Scope or direct emissions are a direct result of the piggery activities and on site combustion of fuels Scope 2 or indirect emissions result from consumption of electricity purchased off site PigGas does not calculate detailed Scope 3 or lifecycle emissions in the broader upstream or downstream supply chain outside the enterprise boundary e g manufacture of purchased feedstuffs piggery supplies off site pig transport or processing However it does provide an option to select and input some simplified average estimates of some of these which can be sourced from industry life cycle assessment research Alternatively Scope 3 emissions can be input using data derived from other calculator programs such as the e Australian Farm Institute s FarmGAS model http calculator farminstitute org au login or e Department of Climate Change and E
35. ombustion stationary and mobile transport sources C02 e Consumption of electricity purchased off site C02 e Pig classes Diets and pig production data Enteric methane CHa Manure management systems descriptors Manure management system CH4 Manure management system N2O Manure management system Volatilised NH3 amp NO N2O Wastes applied to soils direct N2O Wastes applied to soils leaching and runoff N2O Additional notes on Default Australian Methodology vs PigGas 5 PigGas Calculator User Guide 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 13 5 14 5 15 Main Menu Figure 2 Farm Details Menu Figure 3 Assumptions Menu Figure 4 Manure Management Systems Menu Figures 5 amp 6 Diet Ingredients Menu Optional Figures 7 amp 8 Diets Menu Figure 9 Pig Genetics Menu Optional Figures 10 amp I 1 Pigs Details Menu Figure 12 PigMovements Menu Figures 13 14 amp 15 Energy Use Menu Figure 16 Offsets Menu Figure 17 Reports Menu Figures 18 amp 19 Scenario Graphic Menu Figure 20 Help Menu Saving and Closing Menus 6 Conclusion 7 References A N N O ON NN DD DH WWN NN NNN NNN NN For CC Cl 0D WARBDABDOAWN DAN DWAR U U N SUMMARY The PigGas Calculator Pork Industry Greenhouse Gas Calculator was developed to provide pork producers and advisers with a tool to estimate carbon
36. pread The ruminant option pasture range and paddock is not available for outdoor pigs For outdoor piggeries PigGas allocates different types of outdoor piggeries into realistic manure management system categories as outlined in Manure management descriptors section above Piggery production and diets The Australian Methodology assumes diets with a default energy level of 18 6MJ whereas modern piggery diets fall between 16 amp 7MJ PigGas allows on farm dietary input for each pig class PigGas calculations assume that a steady state or average level of production occurs in the piggery enterprise during the whole year Producers can enter up to four pig diets for each identified pig class or pig group as well as entry and exit weights and ages to match steady state on farm growth performance of each group Multiple waste treatment systems The Australian Methodology does not account for multiple losses or reductions in nitrogen and volatile solids through complex or multiple waste treatment and reuse systems including solids separation composting and storage different types of pond treatment systems and residence times which can occur on an individual piggery Therefore errors probably occur in the Australian 14 Methodology due to simplification of some piggery systems and use of default international emission rates rather than emissions research from Australian piggeries PigGas allows the setup of unique combinations waste
37. sions Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency 201 la The National Greenhouse Accounts for agriculture Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency 201 la incorporates Scope calculations for enteric fermentation manure management rice cultivation agricultural soils prescribed burning of Savannas and field burning of agricultural residues For any agricultural enterprise the relevant default emissions calculations from this suite are combined with Scope on site fuel combustion emissions plus Scope 2 purchased electricity emissions to give an estimate of total enterprise boundary emissions carbon footprint 2 1 Where does PigGas fit The publication titled National Greenhouse Account Factors July 2011 DCCEE 201 la in Section 5 3 Estimating agricultural emissions states the following State and national level estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture are prepared using the methodology set out in the National Inventory Report 2009 Organisations wishing to report emissions from their agricultural operations may draw on this national methodology to make indicative estimates but should note that the methodology uses regional averages not directly applicable to specific operations dependent on local conditions PigGas has therefore been designed to calculate piggery specific emissions Reference to calculations is made in this report and in the PigGas Calculator spreadsheet to the method
38. t feed ingredient raw materials list with the same mass balance method as used in PIGBAL Uses individual farm specific manure management system options and the default emission factors as outlined in Table 6 31 above PigGas apportions waste streams from different on farm pig groups to different manure management systems MMS 4 11 Wastes applied to soils direct N2O Default DCCEE 2012 Section 6 6 2 2 Animal Wastes Applied to Soils Mass of nitrogen applied to soils kg Mass of nitrogen excreted kg mass of nitrogen kg lost as N20 during storage mass of nitrogen kg lost as NH3 and NOx during storage in the different manure management systems nuusssususssussssesseresseresssesse Equation 4D 1_3 Mass of nitrous oxide emitted from soils kg Mass of nitrogen applied to soils kg x 0 01 kg N20 kg N appli d gepiept Equation4D1_4 PigGas Same as default methodology above Uses farm specific feed specifications intakes wastage and herd production performance for each pig group to calculate nitrogen in waste streams from a current feed ingredient raw materials list with the same mass balance method as used in PIGBAL Uses farm specific manure management system options for individual pig groups to apportion nitrogen flows 4 12 Wastes applied to soils leaching and runoff N20 Default DCCEE 2012 Section 6 6 2 8 Leaching and Runoff Mass of nitrogen lost through leaching and runoff kg
39. te streams from different on farm pig groups to different manure management systems MMS 4 9 Manure management system N20 Default DCCEE 2012 Section 6 4 2 3 Pigs Nitrogen in waste kg d number of pigs x nitrogen in waste from Table 6 E 5 kg head d Velde Re sate e Makes ves Bd tay Equation 4B 8_3 Nitrous oxide emissions kg nitrogen in waste kg d x emission factor Table 6 12 x 44 28 EE ES ds weit veces Equation 4B 8_4 Uses averaged nitrogen production Table 6 E 5 calculated from PIGBAL Casey et al 2000 with average feed specifications intakes and wastage for limited pig classes Allocates generic waste management options based on an assumed allocation of different percentages of manure management options in each state Table 6 3 and associated emission factors Table 6 12 Table 6 12 Symbols and emission factors used in algorithms for nitrous oxide emissions DCCEE 2012 Manure Management System MMS kg one eae MMSI Anaerobic lagoon 0 001 MMS2 Liquid systems 0 001 MMS3 Daily spread 0 MMS4 Solid storage amp drylot 0 02 MMSS Digester 0 001 PigGas Nitrogen in waste kg d number of pigs x on farm nitrogen in waste kg head d Bas ee cha tach a TE lh Equation 4B 8_3 Nitrous oxide emissions kg nitrogen in waste kg d x emission factor Table 9 x 44 28 apie cles Satine a ES Equation 4B 8_4 Uses farm specific feed specifications intakes wastage
40. ted for as organic manure fertiliser in their own farm emissions estimates PigGas accounts for this in the reporting of Post Farm Emissions A separate waste stream for the sludge from ponds and digesters is not incorporated in PigGas options because emissions calculations for the manure management systems already incorporates the combined effluent and sludge portions Effluent can be exported off site and is assumed to comprise the remaining nitrogen in both the effluent and the sludge Reporting CO2 e emissions For every piggery greenhouse gas emission sub category shown in Figure PigGas reports total annual CO e emissions as kg CO2 e yr and also emissions intensity as kg CO2 e kg HSCW Hot Standard Carcass Weight To enable the intensity calculation pig slaughter numbers and carcass weights are entered into PigGas for each piggery unit 5 PIGGAS CALCULATOR USER GUIDE The PigGas xlsm file should be preferably be opened in Microsoft Excel 2010 software Earlier versions of Microsoft Excel should convert open and run the file The file should open at the Main Menu page If not a Menu button can be found on each data entry screen which takes you back to the Main Menu page as shown below in Figure 4 5 1 Main Menu Figure 2 e Follow the arrows on the Main Menu entry screen by clicking on the various sub Menus such as Farm Details Manure Management Diets etc and fill in the details required at each new screen It is possib
41. tural residues While there may be some cross over of soil emissions with other farm enterprises these other farm emissions are not considered as part of the PigGas calculations If there is a need to determine emissions for other farm enterprises this can be done by using the calculator called FarmGAS on the website of the Australian Farm Institute http calculator farminstitute org au login FarmGAS has a simple pig enterprise module but the module does not provide the detailed enterprise fine tuning that is built into the PigGas Calculator 4 COMPARISON OF DEFAULT AUSTRALIAN METHODOLOGY DCCEE 201 1A WITH PIGGAS CALCULATOR METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOR PIGS 4 1 Greenhouse gas global warming potentials Default DCCEE 201 la The major piggery related greenhouse gas emissions are methane CH4 and nitrous oxide N20 Factors for converting these emissions to global warming potentials in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents CO2 e are shown in Table 26 below Table 26 Global warming potentials DCCEE 201 la Greenhouse gas Conversion factor Carbon dioxide CO Methane CH 21 Nitrous oxide N O 310 PigGas Same as default above 4 2 Fuel combustion stationary and mobile transport sources C02 e Default DCCEE 201 la CO2 e t Quantity of fuel type kL x Energy content factor of fuel type GJ kL x Emission factor for each GHG kg CO2
42. y screen 20 5 6 Diets Menu Figure 9 e From the Main Menu screen click on the Diets button e Diet Names listed earlier in the Farm Details enty screen will automatically appear as headings for diet entry e At the top of the entry screen enter a Max Total for the diet formulations mostly diets are formulated to total 100 but sometimes units totalling 1000 are used e For up to 4 diets per year for each pig category enter the dietary components from feed formulation sheets from feed company or nutritional consultant in the columns e Fill in the annual of Diet Consumed for each diet entered at the top of each diet column e Click Menu button to return to Main Menu 2 Weaner Diet 4 Diet2 Diet3 Diet 4 Diet 4 Diet2 Diet3 Diet 4 Diet 1 Diet2 Diet 3 Diet 4 100 50 Diet C imed 50 Canola Meal Copra meal Cotton seed meal 36 Cotton seed meal 43 Palm Kernel meal Peanut Meal 48 Soybean Meal 45 6 50 12 00 12 00 Soybean Meal 48 Soybean Full fat 5 00 Soya protein HP 300 Soycomil R Sunflower 30 Figure 9 Diets entry screen 12 00 12 00 5 7 Pig Genetics Menu Optional Figures 10 amp 11 This menu can be used if detailed records of growth rates and feed intakes for each pig group on farm are not available or not fully known This data is needed for entry into the subsequent Pig D

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