Home

4906.0.55.003 Personal Safety Survey, Australia: User Guide (2005)

1. HEHEHE ESSE HEHEHE HEHEHE HEHEHE HES EHH 5555 555 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 9 CHAPTER 3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY continued 9 9 oo po eos rn 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 09 Questionnaire continued a the logical sequence of the instrument the inclusion of edits the length of interviews Careful consideration was also given to the structuring of the instrument so that more sensitive topics were progressively introduced The Survey Advisory Group provided input on the content of the survey as well as in relation to special survey procedures Information was recorded by interviewers in a number of different ways Predetermined response categories This approach was used for recording answers where a limited range of responses were expected or where the focus of interest was on a particular type of group of responses Response categories were listed in the survey instrument and were expected to cover all given responses Responses for coding This method was used for family country of birth education and qualifications and income questions Responses were recorded by the interviewer and either automatically coded by
2. 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 e 9 9 0 9 VIOLENCE 136 How long ago was most recent indecent continued Less than 12 months ago 1 year to less than 2 years ago 2 years to less than 2 years ago 3 years to less than 5 years ago 5 years to less than 10 years ago 10 years to less than 20 years ago 20 years ago or more 137 Violence more than one perpetrator More than one person involved One person involved 138 Knowledge of person who was mainly responsible for incident Father Mother Son Daughter Brother Sister Other relative in law Friend Acquaintance neighbour Employer boss supervisor Co worker Co volunteer Counsellor psychologist psychiatrist Doctor Teacher Minister priest clergy Prison officer Ex boyfriend Ex girlfriend Other 06060600000009000000900900909090909999090909090909090909909909909099099099099099099006960 6060690900600600000090900000000000000000000000000000000000009909992999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 43 06060000000090060006090090909009090909090909909090909090990909909909909909909909909909909060060 6909090 609060000900600090000000000000000000000000600600606000000000099 44 APPENDIX 2 COMPARISONS BETWEEN WSS AND PSS 9 9 0
3. SURVEY DEFINITIONS continued MEASURES USED separately As a result detailed information collected about the most recent incident differs for physical and sexual violence Physical violence was classified according to a range of types of violence such as kicking biting punching shooting and stabbing and threats or attempts to physically hurt Although a similar approach could have been taken for sexual violence it was not considered feasible to ask people to discuss the specific sexual actions they had experienced Due to constraints on the length of the interview and the load on respondents it was not possible to collect detailed information about each incident of violence experienced i e a person s lifetime experience of violence Instead detailed information was collected about the most recent incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault and threatened or attempted physical assault Using the most recent incident was a method of selecting a sample of incidents People who experienced violence were asked to focus on the most recent incident and provide more detailed information about that incident If the most recent incident Occurred more than 20 years ago detailed information was not collected due to difficulties associated with recalling the incident While information was collected about people s experience of violence by each type of perpetrator the survey did not co
4. 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 PERSON continued 34 35 36 37 Level of highest attainment respondent partner Postgraduate Degree Graduate Diploma Graduate Certificate Bachelor Degree Advanced Diploma Diploma Certificate III IV Certificate I II Certificate not further defined Year 12 Year 11 Year 10 or below Level not determined No non school qualification Don t know Refusal Highest non school qualification for respondent partner level Postgraduate Degree Graduate Diploma Graduate Certificate Bachelor Degree Advanced Diploma Diploma Certificate III IV Certificate I II Certificate not further defined No non school qualification Level not determined Don t know Refusal Highest non school qualification for respondent partner field Natural and physical sciences Information technology Engineering and related technologies Architecture and building Agriculture environmental and related studies Health Education Management and commerce Society and culture Creative arts Food hospitality and personal services Mixed field programmes Field not determined Don t know Refusal Feelings of safety at home alone after dark At home and felt unsafe Not at home because felt unsafe At home and felt safe Not at home for other reasons 0606060000000900000090090090909090999990909090909090909090990990909909
5. 9 9 0 9 0 0 90 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 DATA PROCESSING continued WEIGHTING AND ESTIMATION PROCEDURES Data available from the survey are essentially as reported by respondents The processing procedures and checks outlined above were designed primarily to minimise errors occurring during processing In some cases it was possible to correct errors or inconsistencies in the data which was originally recorded through reference to other data in the record in other cases this was not possible and some errors and inconsistencies remain on the data file An 8 level hierarchical data output file was produced as outlined below Person level which is the main level containing demographic information about the respondent and partner including income education labour force and language information as well as SEIFA lifestyle and general safety information Abuse level containing information about the respondent s experience of physical and or sexual abuse before age 15 Harassment level which contains information about the respondent s experience of for example unwanted touching by a male and or female perpetrator Partner level which contains detailed information about current or previous partner violence experienced by the respon
6. Se Australian Bureau of Statistics www abs gov au 4906 0 55 003 Information Paper Personal Safety Survey User Guide Australia 2005 New Issue Information Paper Personal Safety Survey User Guide Australia 2005 Dennis Trewin Australian Statistician AUSTRALIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS EMBARGO 11 30AM CANBERRA TIME THURS 10 AUG 2006 ABS Catalogue No 4906 0 55 003 Commonwealth of Australia 2006 This work is copyright Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights in this publication should be addressed to The Manager Intermediary Management Australian Bureau of Statistics Locked Bag 10 Belconnen ACT 2616 by telephone 02 6252 6998 fax 02 6252 7102 or email lt intermediary management abs gov au gt In all cases the ABS must be acknowledged as the source when reproducing or quoting any part of an ABS publication or other product Produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics INQUIRIES For further information about these and related statistics contact the National Information and Referral Service on 1300 135 070 CONTENTS 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0
7. 0 o 9 9 9 0 0 0 e 0 9 OO 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 VIOLENCE 109 How much time off work due to violent incident continued Up to 1 day 2 to 5 days 6 days to less than 1 month 1 month to less than 6 months 6 months to less than 12 months 1 year or more 110 Whether saw doctor for an injury resulting from violent incident Doctor consulted Doctor not consulted 111 Type of injury received as a result of violent incident Scratches Bruises Cuts Fractured or broken bones Broken teeth Penetrative injury stab gun shot Miscarriage women only Other 112 Changes to routine due to injury and or fear from violent incident Social or leisure activities Work School or studies Household tasks Shopping Child care Voluntary or community work Building or maintaining relationships Eating habits Sleeping habits Home security None of these 113 How often felt fear Every day Weekly Monthly Less than once per month 114 Types of emotional abuse Tried to prevent contact with family or friends Tried to prevent use of the telephone or car Tried to prevent knowledge about or access to family money Insulted with the intent to shame belittle or humiliate Threatened to harm children Threatened to harm other family friends Damaged or destroyed property Threatened to harm or harmed pets Threa
8. 9 0 0 0 9 ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 1 Estimates obtained from the survey were derived using a complex ratio estimation procedure This procedure ensures that survey estimates conform to an independently estimated distribution of the total female and male population by age and area rather than to the age area distribution within the sample itself The survey was conducted during August to December 2005 and estimates were made to conform to the population distribution during that period RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 2 Since the estimates in this publication are based on information obtained from occupants of a sample of persons they are subject to sampling variability that is they may differ from those that would have been produced if all persons had been included in the survey One measure of the likely difference is given by the standard error SE which indicates the extent to which an estimate might have varied by chance because only a sample of persons was included There are about two chances in three that a sample estimate will differ by less than one SE from the number that would have been obtained if all persons had been included and about 19 chances in 20 that the difference will be less than two SEs Another measure of the likely difference is the relative standard error RSE which is obtained by expressing the SE as a percentage of the estimate 3 Space does not allow for the separate indicatio
9. 0 9 0 9 9 eer cn 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 Professional help continued Proficiency in English Reasons for returning to current partner Reasons for separation Reasons services not used Relationship to perpetrator Separated from partner Minister or priest Includes any member of the clergy such as Christian brothers monks elders deacons or rabbi nuns or any other person who operates in a religious capacity who the person sought advice or support from This is how non English speaking background respondents perceive of how well they speak English at home Otber Includes love or commitment The respondent spent at least one night somewhere other than with their current partner Excludes business trips or holidays People who did not use or seek help from a particular support provider crisis legal financial or any other support service including a telephone help line were asked for all the reasons why they did not use it For example if a person did not report using crisis help they were asked for their reasons for not using any crisis help Sbame or embarrassment Includes not wanting to cause any trouble didn t want anyone to know about it may cause family business conflict Cultural reasons Includes not being able to talk to anyone other than their husb
10. 9 9 0 9 09 Survey Procedures continued Interviews The ABS considered the best method of advising respondents they had been selected to participate in the survey It was decided that similar procedures would be adopted to those used in the WSS Rather than sending an official letter preceding the interview a Primary Approach Letter the interviewer would explain the nature of the survey when they arrived at the selected household Interviewers were given copies of an introductory letter which they could use to provide information about the survey The letter detailed the official status of the survey what information would be collected and assured respondents of the confidentiality of data collected The majority of interviews were conducted face to face However the option of a telephone interview was offered to respondents who did not wish to proceed with a face to face interview or where the interviewing environment was unsuitable Interviews were only conducted with people in private so other household members were only aware of the general nature of the survey People selected in the survey were advised that they were not under any obligation to respond Special procedures were used to conduct interviews with selected respondents who could not speak English In other ABS surveys another household member can generally translate for the selected respondent or a translator can be used However
11. 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 CONCEPTUAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WSS AND PSS ABS Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Age when first incident of abuse occurred Country of Birth Change in day to day activities Drinking behaviours Effects on life Emergency cash Emotional abuse Fear How often violence occurred Household cash flow problems Involvement of alcohol The fundamental difference between the WSS and the PSS is that data was collected in the PSS for both men and women Therefore all items in the PSS with the exception of experiences whilst pregnant are asked of both men and women Not collected in the PSS This is a new item in the PSS Referred to as Birthplace in the WSS The PSS does not collect parent s country of birth Additional categories added in the PSS m work school or studies building or maintaining relationships eating habits sleeping habits home security New item in the PSS Refers to respondents perception of drunk The WSS collected data on the effects on a person s life as a result of the last incident of physical violence and or sexual assault during the 12 months after the incident In the PSS this was split into 2 conceptually different items the effect the injuries had and the effect that
12. 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 page 1 INTRODUCTION ADDTEVIALIONS diste a rushed ox Be ROUES eee gun UAE n vi Background to thie Survey s vue eec s genu Eo ia ge Re g vii Methodology s ararsa par Hea a et vii Using this publication Va it a ERR Renee etum Te te Baa viii 2 SURVEY CONTENT Information collected e a AA at wee eee dt 1 S rvey definltiOBS DS A A AS RU Aa Ee ROS E 3 Measures dsed ci oret Ro rete eR edm aUe Mech Woh oP bana TR eU IR 4 3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY Scopeand oyerage sac e ee hee m e RR ee ae I eR a 6 Sample design and collection o ooooo oo ooo ooo ee eens 6 Data collection ii y O a Sate a da RR LS 8 Measures to maximise response oo oo momo ooo oo hs 12 RESPONSE TALES amic laa wis Sea RA IAS EA do E ae a Sal epee ad Soy MD ed 12 4 DATA PROCESSING DataProcesside 3 aud Ded Veste Ref ed dde at tos 13 Weighting and estimation procedures 14 5 DATA QUALITY Data quality a edo eue GLO HO Au IRSE US I e SERE TORIS 16 Comparability between sources ee 19 6 OUTPUT AND DISSEMINATION Data availability e E A Reese ue ta a E RE NI Eee Rod 22 Publications a A A A A SD A ees 22 ACCESS tO MICTO data o A A tendon do 22 Specialidata Services a aii A A A eeu A as Baa ee 23 Related public
13. 0 ACCESS TO MICRO DATA continued SPECIAL DATA SERVICES RELATED PUBLICATIONS 006060000000000060000000000999992929299 OUTPUT AND DISSEMINATION continued e 0 0 o 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 attempting to match the information with any other unit level list of persons or organisations Full details of the conditions of sale and use together with application and undertaking forms are available from the ABS Web site Special tabulations to suit individual user requirements can be provided subject to confidentiality and sampling variability constraints Tabulations can be produced from the survey incorporating data items and populations selected to meet individual requirements A cost is associated with the production of these tables For further information please contact the National Centre for Crime and Justice Statistics NCCJS on 03 9615 7374 Listed below is a selection of other ABS publications on related topics which may be of interest Information about current ABS publications and products can be found in the Catalogue of Publications cat no 1101 0 or on line at www abs gov au Crime and Safety Australia 2005 cat no 4509 0 General Social Survey Summary Results Australia 2002 cat no 4159 0 Information Paper Measuring Crime Vi
14. Given or left offensive material Includes pornographic material destroyed photographs articles about murders dead animals if not person s own Telephoned sent mail or contacted electronically Includes by SMS messages emails or information about the person being placed on a web site 06060600000000000609009090900909090909090909090909090909909099909909909909909909909909006906906090690 690690060090000909090090000000009090000000000000006000000000000009090299 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 59 GLOSSARY continued 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 Talked to others Threatened or physically assaulted anyone else outside the household Threatened Physical Assault Threatened sexual assault Took time off work Unemployed Unwanted sexual touching Violence Violence or restraining order Violence increased Whether police told 060606000000000600090000900909909099999099090909909909909909909909990990990990906006690606606006000600090099 60 ABS Includes family members friends or neighbours work colleagues or anybody else Excludes talking to professionals e g doctor counsellor minister or priest or contacting services e g crisis legal financial any other supp
15. Respondent believed that other drugs had been added to their drink without their consent Perpetrator had been drinking Perpetrator had been taking drugs Don t know Can t remember Refused to answer 119 Whether violent incident perceived as a crime by police Incident perceived as a crime Incident perceived as wrong but not a crime Incident perceived as something that just happens Don t know can t remember Refused to answer 120 Whether perpetrator charged by police Perpetrator charged Perpetrator not charged Don t know 121 Whether perpetrator went to court Went to court Did not go to court Don t know 0606060000000600000900900909090090909999090909090909090909909090909090990990990490 0600690060060900000000900000000000000000000000000000000000000099099929299 40 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 VIOLENCE continued 122 Main reason violent incident not reported to police Shame embarrassment Did not want perpetrator arrested Did not regard it as a serious offence Did not think police could do anything Did not think police would do anything Would not be believed Fear of perpetrator Fear of legal proc
16. Speaks English Very well Speaks English Well Speaks English Not well Speaks English Not at all Labour force status Employed Unemployed Not in the labour force Don t know Refused to answer Full time or part time status Employed working full time Employed working part time Unemployed Not in the labour force Don t know Refused to answer Hours usually worked in all jobs single values Continuous Hours usually worked in all jobs ranged Less than 1 hour no hours 1 15 hours 16 24 hours 25 34 hours 35 39 hours 40 hours 41 48 hours 49 hours and over Don t know Refused to answer Duration of unemployment Under 2 weeks 2 weeks and under 4 weeks 4 weeks and under 8 weeks 8 weeks and under 13 weeks 13 weeks and under 26 weeks 26 weeks and under 52 weeks 52 weeks and under 104 weeks 104 weeks and over Don t know Refused to answer 06060600000006090060900900900909090909090999909090909090909090909099090990990990909909006960 0060 690600600600000090900000000000000000000000000000000000009909992999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 e 0 cen 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 909 PERSON 28 Duration since last worked continued Under
17. aie 2005 2005 2002 2005 2005 2002 PSS NCSS GSS a PSS NCSS GSS 000 Males 485 4 128 8 na 779 8 363 6 783 8 Females 242 0 115 0 na 363 0 309 8 528 5 Persons 727 4 243 8 na 1 142 8 673 4 1312 3 Males 6 5 EL na 10 4 4 9 10 9 Females 3 1 1 5 na 4 7 4 0 7 2 Persons 4 8 1 6 na TO 4 4 9 0 66 65 5655 552 55 55 5 5 5 a na notavailable The above table indicates that prevalence of assault and violence victimisation ranges from 4 496 in the 2005 NCSS to 9 096 in the 2002 GSS Quantifying the reasons for these differences is not possible However much of the differences are attributable to methodological and procedural factors context effects preceding questions influence responses to subsequent questions and question wording For example the 2005 PSS asked about the most recent incident of sexual assault and sexual threat and then respondents were instructed to exclude any incidents they had already reported when reporting any incidents of physical assault and physical threat whereas the GSS only asked about physical assaults and threats It is possible an incident that may have been reported as sexual assault in the PSS would have been included as a physical assault in the GSS The PSS is a purpose built survey designed to collect potentially sensitive information on feelings of safety and assault victimisation The survey involv
18. include men It enables analysis of the relative changes in women s personal safety over time based on the comprehensive national benchmark provided by the WSS The ABS publishes data relating to crime and safety from different sources Comparisons of PSS data with data from other sources cannot be readily made because of differences in data collection methods and the concepts and definitions used to measure violence Other main differences which may affect the comparability of data presented in this publication are outlined below In addition to the 2005 PSS crime victimisation indicators have recently been collected by the ABS through the 2005 National Crime and Safety Survey NCSS and the 2002 General Safety Survey GSS All three are household surveys using different methodologies and procedures resulting in different measures of crime victimisation The following table summarises assault prevalence from these three surveys 060606000000000006090090909009090909099090909090909099090909909909909909909909099090069069060060069060060069090900009009000000000000000000000600006000000000000009092999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 19 CHAPTER 5 DATA QUALITY continued 0690060000600060600060060000 9006000600000900600000000060060000000000006000000029200090000000600000009099 COMPARABILITY BETWEEN ASSAULT PREVELANCE RATES PERSONS 18 YEARS AND OVER PSS AND OTHER DATA A ARA ARAN SOURCES continued
19. 0 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 09 STALKING 83 continued 84 85 86 87 Number of stalking perpetrators One stalker Two stalkers Three stalkers Four stalkers Five stalkers Relationship to perpetrators Stranger Boyfriend or Girlfriend or date Current partner Previous partner you were living with at the time Previous partner you were no longer living with at the time Father or Mother Son or Daughter Brother or Sister Other relative or in law Friend Acquaintance or neighbour Employer or boss or supervisor Co worker or co volunteer Counsellor or psychologist or psychiatrist Doctor Teacher Minister or priest or clergy Prison officer Ex boyfriend or Ex girlfriend Other How long ago stalking began Less than 12 months ago 1 year to less than 2 years ago 2 years to less than 2 years ago 3 years to less than 5 years ago 5 years to less than 10 years ago 10 years to less than 20 years ago 20 years ago or more Whether stalking stopped Stalking has stopped Stalking has not stopped Don t know Duration of stalking Less than 1 month 1 month to less than 6 months 6 months to less than 1 year 1 year to less than 2 years 2 years to less than 3 years 3 years to less than 5 years 5 years or more CoCo oo ooo OOOOH EEE SOHO HEHEHE EEE HEHEHE SHEE HHH HEHE HEHEHE HEHEHE
20. 55 003 2005 1 CHAPTER 2 SURVEY CONTENT continued 0609 906006000600 0060600060060000 000600060000090060000600006000600600000000000000000020920009000000900600000009090099 9 Partner violence continued Stalking General safety and harassment Experience of emotional abuse Experience of child abuse a anxiety or fear experienced during relationship with previous partner and during the last 12 months use of restraining violence orders and their effectiveness The fear that a person may experience after a violent incident by a partner they are living with could be different to the fear experienced after an incident perpetrated by someone who they are not intimately involved with or who they do not know To reflect this people who experienced violence by a partner were asked if they experienced anxiety or fear during the relationship and during the last 12 months as a result of the violence As well as fear for their personal safety this incorporates the fear a person may have experienced as a result of living with the perpetrator of that violence such as fear of leaving the house fear of people in general and fear for their children s safety All respondents were asked whether they had been stalked by a man or woman Information collected about the most recent incident of stalking by a man and or woman included the nature of the stalking e g type of stalking activity how the perpetrator was known to them
21. AND OTHER DATA Further information on crime data measurement issues is available in the following Information paper Measuring Crime Victimisation Australia Tbe Impact of Different SOURCES continued Collection Metbodologies 2002 cat no 4522 0 55 001 06060600000009006000009009009090909099999090909090909099 60909090990990990909909099090600696006006006000600000909090000000000000000000000000000000000000990999999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 21 555 55 5555 lt 22 CHAPTER 6 DATA OUTPUT AND DISSEMINATION 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 eo 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 09 DATA AVAILABILITY PUBLICATION ACCESS TO MICRO DATA ecco Results from the 2005 PSS are available in the form of an electronic publication available free of charge on the ABS website tables produced on request to meet specific information requirements from the survey and an expanded Confidential Unit Record File CURE available via the Remote Access Data Laboratory RADL This section outlines the products and services currently available and those expected to be available over the coming months The summary publication Personal Safety Survey Australia 2005 4906 0 can be ordered at a cos
22. Fifth decile Sixth decile Seventh decile Eighth decile Ninth decile Tenth decile Not stated Not known 6 ARIA 2001 remoteness area Major urban Inner regional Outer regional Remote Very remote Migratory and offshore 060606000000060000090090090909009090999909090909090900909909099090990909909099049060600699069060690900600000909000000000000000000000000000000000000000909099929299 24 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 eee 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 909 HOUSEHOLD 7 Family composition of household continued Couple family with dependent children only Couple family with dependent children and other persons One parent family with dependent children only One parent family with dependent children and other persons Couple only Other one family households Multiple family household with dependent children Multiple family household with no dependent children Lone person household Group household 8 Household income main source Employee cash income Unincorporated business cash income Government cash pensions and allowances Other cash income None of these Don t know Refusal 9 Gross weekly household income single values Continuous 10 Gross we
23. Territory criminal law The outcomes for the perpetrator as a result of an incident being reported to police that is whether the perpetrator was charged and went to court Females and males aged 18 years and over Includes only women who were assaulted whilst they were pregnant and living with her current previous partner even though he was not the biological father Also if she was pregnant while living with her current previous female partner Advice or support sought from a doctor counsellor minister or priest after the most recent incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault and or threatened or attempted physical assault The support may have been in the form of listening to the problem being understanding making suggestions giving information about other appropriate services and offering further help Doctor Includes qualified medical practitioners in private practice health centres hospitals emergency services who the person visited for advice or support Doctors who were visited for the sole purpose of treatment of an injury were excluded Excludes ambulance officers and nurses 555 5555 5555 5555 55 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 57 GLOSSARY continued 9 9
24. VIC 1 355 3847 4 QLD 1 325 3 183 5 SA 1 230 1996 6 WA 1 245 2 200 T TAS 1 140 1023 8 NT 1 140 258 9 ACT 1 135 665 0060006060606909099090000000000299999292999 06060600000006000009009009090909090909999099090909090909090990909909099090990909909906006006900606090690060060000090000000000000000000000000000000000000009999929299 6 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY continued 9 9 0 9 9 9 90 9 0 eee 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 Sample Selection The sample was drawn using multistage area sampling techniques Each state and territory of Australia was divided into geographic regions and then into smaller areas known as collection districts CDs the basic unit of enumeration in the population census CDs were divided into strata according to their geographic region metropolitan and non metropolitan and the required number of CDs were randomly selected Sample selection differed slightly in metropolitan and non metropolitan regions In the metropolitan areas the dwelling sample was selected in three stages asystematic sample of CDs was selected with probability proportional to the number of dwellings in each CD each selected CD was divided into groups of dwellings or blocks of similar
25. anxiety or fear had New item in the PSS This question aims to provide a measure of the economic well being of households In the WSS respondents were asked whether there had been insults with the intent to shame belittle or humiliate This included the intentional putting down of the person Insults that are said in jest or fun were excluded In the PSS the wording was amended to Insulted you with the intent to shame belittle or humiliate The following 2 categories were included in the PSS Threatened to harm other family members friend Threatened suicide Wording of questions relating to fear were updated in the PSS and a new question added on how often fear was experienced New item n the PSS Categories are a Everyday a Weekly Monthly Less than once per month New item in the PSS This question aims to provide a measure of the economic well being of households In the WSS for the most recent incident of physical violence and or sexual assault it was considered alcohol was involved if the person the perpetrator or anyone else had been drinking alcohol at the time of the incident Alcohol was also considered to have been involved if the person believed alcohol contributed to the incident for example when the perpetrator was recovering from a hangover In the PSS the question wording was amended to ask Whether alcohol or any other substance contributed to this incident How alcohol and or drugs contributed w
26. area of usual residence rather than to the distribution within the sample itself Estimates obtained from the survey were derived using a complex ratio estimation procedure This procedure ensures that survey estimates conform to an independently estimated distribution of the total population by age and area rather than to the age area distribution within the sample itself The survey was conducted during August to December 2005 and estimates were made to conform to the population distribution during that period 0606060000000006000900900900909090909999090909090909090909099099090990909909099099006960 606006906900600600000090000000000000000000000000000000000000009099999299 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 15 CHAPTER 5 DATA QUALITY e 9 9 0 90 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 8 DATA QUALITY Sampling variability Measure of sampling variability Although care was taken to ensure that the results of the 2005 PSS are as accurate as possible there are certain factors which affect the reliability of the results to some extent and for which no adequate adjustments can be made One such factor is known as sampling variability Other factors are collectively referred to as non sampling errors These factors which are d
27. as interviewers for this survey required specialised training and because interviews had to be conducted in private these methods were considered unsuitable While it was not possible to provide a trained interviewer for every language spoken ABS interviewers were available who spoke Arabic Cantonese Mandarin Vietnamese Croatian Serbian Italian and Greek All interviewers received the full program of PSS training Foreign language interviews were conducted by telephone When an interviewer went to a household where the selected person did not speak English they were asked to attempt to identify the language spoken and whether it was one where a foreign language interviewer FLI was available If a FLI was available for the language they were asked to obtain a phone number for the household inform them that an interviewer would ring them and send the record back to the office for reallocation The ABS was particularly concerned not to upset respondents as people were being asked to recall incidents that may have been traumatic for them or to further endanger people currently experiencing violence People were first advised of the general nature of the survey and asked if they wished to proceed with the interview If so less sensitive questions were asked first such as their demographic details and general safety and harassment questions This allowed people to become comfortable with the method of questioning and also familiarised t
28. conducting the survey The aim of the PSS was to provide national estimates of the nature and extent of violence experienced by men and women In meeting this aim a balance had to be maintained between obtaining a sample size which allowed for the level of analysis required the overall cost of the survey and maintaining comparability with the 1996 WSS The use of probability sampling and weighting ensured that the sample was fully representative of the Australian population Approximately 11 900 women and 4 600 men in both metropolitan and non metropolitan areas were interviewed to provide reliable estimates for females in the larger States and Territories and primarily national estimates for males To achieve these design objectives the state and territory sampling fractions were set as shown in the following table which also depicts the corresponding expected number of fully responding households The sample selection procedures described below result in every dwelling in the same state or territory having a known probability of selection equal to the state or territory sample fraction STATE AND TERRITORY SAMPLING FRACTIONS 5 5555 55 555 55 5 55 5555 5 555 5 5 lt lt Expected fully State Sampling responding orTerritory fraction households Observations 1 Australia 17 760 2 NSW 1 390 4 588 3
29. cooperation and maximise response in a number of ways e g explain the value of the survey Due to the sensitive nature of the interview respondents were asked at several points if they wished to continue A small proportion of people chose not to proceed An overall response rate of 7296 was achieved with approximately 11 900 women and 4 600 men completing the survey nationally Standard ABS interviewing techniques were used and due to the sensitive nature of the information being collected special procedures were introduced to ensure the safety of respondents and the interviewers and the reliability of the data provided It was a requirement of the survey that all interviews were conducted in private ensuring that other members of the household were not aware of the survey content or the responses 060606000000000000090909009090909099990909090909090990909909909909909909909909099099060069690060 6906006000000909000000000000000000000006000000000000009090999999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 vii INTRODUCTION continued 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 09 METHODOLOGY continued given If preferred by the respondent the interview could be conducted over the telephone Female interviewers fro
30. last bill was too large Tried to prevent knowledge about or access to family money The partner controls the household income or assets and does not let the person know about them For example the person is only given a certain amount of money each week and does not know how much money comes into the family Excludes money belonging to the partner s parents or their other family members Insulted with tbe intent to shame belittle or bumiliate Intentional putting down of the person Insults that are said in jest or fun were excluded Damaged or destroyed property Includes if the person s partner stole their property and then sold it 0606060000000900009009009009090909099990909090909090990909099099090990990990990990990069690006906006000000090900000000000000000000000600000000000000090909929299 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 53 GLOSSARY continued 9 9 e 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 909 Employed Frequency of violence General safety Harassment Incident Income Income ranges People who worked for one hour or more for pay profit commission or payment in kind in a job or business or on a farm Includes people who were employees employers or self employed People who usually
31. or foster children Children of relatives friends or neighbours who were visiting and saw or heard the violence were excluded Classified according to the Standard Australian Classification of Countries SACC cat no 1269 0 Main English speaking countries include Canada Republic of Ireland New Zealand South Africa United Kingdom and United States of America Includes qualified medical practitioners working in private practice health centres hospitals emergency services who the person visited to treat the injuries sustained in the most recent incident of either physical assault and or sexual assault Excludes ambulance officers and nurses There is no consistent or agreed definition of being drunk or intoxicated These terms are usually taken to refer to an elevated concentration of alcohol in the blood such that a person cannot function within their normal range of physical and or cognitive abilities Based on the person s perception of the term drunk Refers to the time that a person lived with their current or previous partner For those who were ever stalked in their lifetime it is what happened to them in the most recent incident NOT what has happened to them for every stalking incident The highest level of qualification completed 06060602000000609000000900900909090909999099090909090900909909909909909909909909099099060060690600606909006000000900000000000000000000000000000600000000009999929299 52 ABS PERSONAL
32. person believed the purpose was to distress shock humiliate and or generate fear Inappropriate comments about body sex life Includes inappropriate comments in a group situation or when alone with a person Includes comments that related to a person s race such as implying that people of a particular cultural group have certain sexual characteristics Unwanted sexual touching Any intentional touching grabbing kissing or fondling which is carried out without a person s consent It is momentary or brief touching which did not lead to sexual assault It includes groping or brushing against a person s breast or bottom An occurrence reoccurrence or event of violence abuse or assault that an individual has encountered in their life People were asked about the most recent incident for the various types of violence sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault threatened or attempted physical assault Where a person was a victim of continuous acts of violence by the same perpetrator e g in a domestic violence situation they may have considered the continuous acts of violence to be a single incident In these cases the person was instructed to think about the most recent act of violence by that perpetrator when answering the questions Sources of income includes Wages or salary From all jobs whether full time or part time Also wages salaries or fees paid to the owner of a limited liability company Profit or los
33. that there is a difference between the corresponding population characteristics The standard error of the difference between two corresponding estimates x and y can be calculated using the formula in the paragraph above This standard error is used to calculate the following test statistic x y SE x y 16 If the value of the test statistic is greater than 1 96 then we may say there is good evidence of a real difference in the two populations with respect to that characteristic Otherwise it cannot be stated with confidence that there is a real difference between the populations Users should take account of RSEs when comparing estimates for different populations 060606000000000006000909090090909090909090909090909090990909909999909999099090 69 690 6906906906909060060909090990909090900000000009090000000000060060060000000000000009009 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 49 TECHNICAL NOTE STANDARD ERRORS ON SURVEY ESTIMATES comtinior SIGNIFICANCE TESTING A STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATES FOR MEN continued ee 2 0 0 2 6 6 2 2 2 2 0 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0006 nep one 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 Relative Standard standard error error no 96 SIZE OF ESTIMATES Number of men 1 500 1 180 0 78 7 2 000 1 450 0 72 5 2 500 1 700 0 68 0 3 000 1950 0 65 0 3 500 2 150 0 61 4 4 000 2 350 0 58 8 5 000 2 750 0 55 0 7 000 3 450 0 49 3 10 000 4 350 0 43 5 15 000 5 600 0 37 3 20 000 6 650 0 33 3 30 000 8 400 0
34. was physical or sexual Physical abuse before age 15 Sexual abuse before age 15 0606060000000000090090090090909090999990909090909090909099090990909909099090909490600600609006060906000600600009000000000000000000000000000000000000000909099929299 30 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 69060060000600 006006000060000006000006000900600000000060060006000000000060000090002092000900000006000000029099 ABUSE 46 continued HARASSMENT 47 48 49 PARTNER 50 51 52 53 54 Relationship to perpetrator of first incident of type of abuse Father Mother Brother Sister Step Father Step Mother Step Brother Step Sister Other male relative Other female relative Family friend Acquaintance neighbour Doctor Teacher Minister priest clergy Stranger Other known person Sex of perpetrator Male Female Total Behaviour of perpetrator Obscene phone call Indecent exposure Inappropriate comments Unwanted sexual touching Experienced harassment during lifetime Experienced in the last 12 months Experienced during lifetime Did not experience More than one incident of abuse by partner One incident only More than one incident How often incidents of abuse by partner Every day Weekly Monthly Less than once per month Pregnant at time of abuse by partner Violence occurred during pregnancy Violence did not occur during pregnancy Not pregnant duri
35. 0 9 9 0 0 9 90 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 67 Physical assault from current partner high level 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 Beat you Choke you Stab you with a knife Shoot you with a gun Any other type of physical assault None of these Physical assault from current partner low level Throw anything at you that could hurt you Push grab or shove you Slap you Kick bite or hit you with a fist Hit you with something else that could hurt you None of these Physical threat from current partner high level Threatened or tried to hit with a fist or anything else that could hurt Threatened or tried to stab with a knife Threatened or tried to shoot with a gun Threatened or tried to physically hurt in any other way Not applicable Ever wanted to separate from current partner Wanted to leave current partner Did not want to leave current partner Main reason wanted to separate from current partner Because of partner s assaults abuse or threats to respondent children Concern for children s safety Concern for own safety Other Main reason for most recent separation from current partner Because of partner s assaults abuse or threats to respondent children Better life for children Court ordered partner away Partner initiated separation Respondent found someo
36. 00006000009009009090900909099990990909090909090909909099090909099090699049 600600690906060906006006000009000000000000000000000000000000000000000909099929299 2 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 2 SURVEY CONTENT continued 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 Experience of child abuse continued Socio demographic information SURVEY DEFINITIONS The purpose of including questions about people s experience of physical and sexual abuse when a child was not to measure the extent of child abuse in order to do this a separate survey would be required but to provide background information about people s experiences and to allow for investigation of the relationship between childhood abuse and experiences of violence as an adult Care should be taken when using these items as they were not collected using detailed questioning The experience of physical abuse as a child is particularly difficult to measure given changes in what is generally perceived as acceptable behaviour toward children particularly in relation to discipline For example while caning was practised at schools in the past this is no longer an acceptable practice In order to minimise the level of interpretation by respond
37. 060606060 690690060060000009090000000000000000000000000000000000000999992999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 5 CHAPTER 3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 909 SCOPE AND COVERAGE Personal face to face interviews were conducted with one randomly selected person aged 18 years and over who was a usual resident of the selected household Both urban and rural areas in all states and territories were included but very remote areas of Australia were excluded the following groups were also excluded for the survey certain diplomatic personnel of overseas governments customarily excluded from the census and estimated population figures a overseas residents in Australia members of non Australian defence forces and their dependants stationed in Australia residents in non private dwellings such as hospitals retirement villages refuges etc SAMPLE DESIGN AND Decisions on the appropriate sample size distribution and method of selection are SELECTION dependent on a number of considerations These include the aims and content of the Sample design survey the level of disaggregation and accuracy at which the survey estimates are required and the costs and operational constraints of
38. 0900000000000999 no 96 Fully adequately completed questionnaire 16 430 0 72 2 Refusal Full refusal 3 596 0 15 8 Part refusal 664 0 2 9 Total 4 260 0 18 7 Non contact Full non contact 1257 0 5 5 Part non contact 115 0 0 5 Total 1372 0 6 0 Other non response a 689 0 3 0 Total 22 751 0 100 0 e00606009000060990000900990000699999 a Includes language difficulties death or illness 060606000000060006000900900909090909090999909090909090909090990990990909090990906990990606969060606090690060060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000099099929299 12 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 4 DATA PROCESSING 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 909 DATA PROCESSING Computer based systems were used to process the data from the survey Internal system edits were applied in the CAI instrument to ensure the completeness and consistency of the questionnaire The interviewer could not proceed from one section of the interview to the next until responses had been properly completed A number of range and consistency edits were programmed into the CAI collection instrument Edit messages appeared on screen automatically if the information entered was either outside the permitted range for a particular qu
39. 2 weeks 2 weeks and under 4 weeks 4 weeks and under 8 weeks 8 weeks and under 13 weeks 13 weeks and under 26 weeks 26 weeks and under 52 weeks 52 weeks and under 104 weeks 104 weeks and over Don t know Refused to answer 29 Gross weekly income of respondent partner couple single values Continuous 30 Gross weekly income of respondent partner couple quintiles Lowest quintile Second quintile Third quintile Fourth quintile Highest quintile Not stated Not known 31 Gross weekly income of respondent partner couple deciles Lowest decile Second decile Third decile Fourth decile Fifth decile Sixth decile Seventh decile Eighth decile Ninth decile Highest decile Not stated Not known 32 Highest year of school completed respondent partner Year 12 or equivalent Year 11 or equivalent Year 10 or equivalent Year 9 or equivalent Year 8 or below Never attended school Don t know Refusal 33 Highest non school qualification for respondent partner year No non school qualification Don t know Refusal Before 1980 1980 to 2005 in single years 0606060000000000090090090909090909099999099090909090906090990990990909909909909909909906006969906060 690600606000000000000000000000000000000000000000000099099929299 28 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0 9 0 0 o 0 9 eee 0 0
40. 28 0 40 000 9 900 0 24 8 50 000 11 150 0 22 3 100 000 16 000 0 16 0 150 000 19 500 0 13 0 200 000 22 300 0 11 2 300 000 26 750 0 8 9 500 000 33 200 0 6 6 1 000 000 43 400 0 4 3 2 000 000 55 200 0 2 8 5 000 000 72 700 0 1 5 Relative Standard standard error error no SIZE OF ESTIMATES Number of women 1 500 960 0 64 0 2 000 1 140 0 57 0 2 500 1 300 0 52 0 3 000 1 450 0 48 3 3 500 1 600 0 45 7 4 000 1 750 0 43 8 5 000 2 000 0 40 0 7 000 2 400 0 34 3 10 000 2 950 0 29 5 15 000 3 750 0 25 0 20 000 4 350 0 21 8 30 000 5 450 0 18 2 40 000 6 300 0 15 8 50 000 7 100 0 14 2 100 000 10 050 0 10 1 150 000 12 250 0 8 2 200 000 14 050 0 7 0 300 000 16 900 0 5 6 500 000 21 300 0 4 3 1 000 000 28 650 0 2 9 2 000 000 37 950 0 1 9 5 000 000 53 750 0 1 1 50 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 TECHNICAL NOTE STANDARD ERRORS ON SURVEY ESTIMATES contimuiod SIGNIFICANCE TESTING C STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATES FOR PERSONS Relative Standard standard error error no SIZE OF ESTIMATES Number of persons 1 500 1 050 0 70 0 2 000 1 270 0 63 5 2 500 1 450 0 58 0 3 000 1 650 0 55 0 3 500 1 850 0 52 9 4 000 2 000 0 50 0 5 000 2 300 0 46 0 7 000 2 850 0 40 7 10 000 3 500 0 35 0 15 000 4 450 0 29 7 20 000 5 250 0 26 3 30 000 6 600 0 22 0 40 000 7 700 0 19 3 50 000 8 700 0 17 4 100 000 12 400 0 12 4 150 000 15 150 0 10 1 200 000 17 350 0 8 7 300 000 20 950 0 7 0 500 000 26 300 0 5 3 1 000 000 35 150 0
41. 3 5 2 000 000 46 050 0 2 3 5 000 000 63 900 0 1 3 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 51 GLOSSARY 9 9 0 9 9 n 0 9 eee 0 0 9 0 eo 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 909 Abuse when a child Age Anxiety or fear Assault Children witnessed violence Country of birth Doctor consulted Drunk During the relationship During their lifetime Educational attainment Abuse experienced by a person before the age of 15 from any adult male or female including the person s parents Emotional abuse is excluded Pbysical abuse Any deliberate physical injury including bruises inflicted by an adult Discipline that accidentally resulted in an injury is excluded Sexual abuse Involving a child in sexual activity beyond their understanding or contrary to currently accepted community standards Of the person at the time of the survey Of the respondent when they experienced abuse for the first time If a person had experienced any incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault and or threatened or attempted physical assault they were asked if they had experienced anxiety or fear in the 12 months after the incident and during the last 12 months If a person had experienced any incident of violence by a p
42. 5 5 6 5555 5555 555 555 5555 5555 48 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 TECHNICAL NOTE STANDARD ERRORS ON SURVEY ESTIMATES continmuod RATES AND PERCENTAGES 9 Proportions and percentages formed from the ratio of two estimates are also subject to sampling errors The size of the error depends on the accuracy of both the numerator and the denominator A formula to approximate the relative standard error RSE of a proportion is given below RSE E RSE x RSEQ 10 Referring back to table 3 13 the 151 000 women who were married or in a de facto relationship who experienced physical violence by a man during the last 12 months represented 3 5 of all women with a partner 4 318 300 The standard error of 4 318 300 is approximately 47 300 so the relative standard error is 1 1 The relative standard error for 151 000 is 9 3 Applying the above formula the relative standard error proportion is v 9 3 1 1 or 9 2 giving a standard error for the proportion 3 596 of 0 3 percentage points Therefore there are about two chances in three that women who had a partner and experienced physical violence by a man during the last 12 months as a proportion of all women with a partner is between 3 2 and 3 8 and nineteen chances in twenty the proportion is within the range 2 996 to 4 196 11 The standard error of an estimated percentage or rate computed by using sample data for both num
43. 90909990909090990909099 0909099099099099099099099099090069 690 600606906 0060060909009099090900900000000000000000000000006000000000000090929299 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 11 CHAPTER 3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY continued 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 90 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 RESPONSE RATE The PSS was fully completed by approximately 11 900 women and 4 600 men achieving a response rate of 7296 see table 3 1 Full refusals accounted for 1696 of the sample 3 596 A further 9 of the sample 2 061 were either unable to be contacted or unable to be interviewed due to language difficulties death or illness These non respondents did not receive specific information about the content of the survey People who did not respond to any questions relating to their experience of violence were treated as a part refusal and were not included in the survey estimates In an effort to make contact with people in the household interviewers called at a number of different times during the day and on different days during the enumeration period However no contact was made with people in 1 257 households 696 of the sample 3 1 RESPONSE RATE 00600902929999099090909090000009090999999909090900900000000990999909929909
44. 90990909909060069606060690006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000990999999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 909 PERSON 38 Feeling safe using public transport alone after dark continued Used and felt unsafe Did not use because felt unsafe Used and felt safe Did not use for other reasons 39 Feeling safe walking in the local area alone after dark Walked and felt unsafe Did not walk because felt unsafe Walked and felt safe Did not walk for other reasons 40 Feeling safe waiting for public transport alone after dark Waited and felt unsafe Waited and felt safe 41 How often respondent partner drunk Never drinks Drinks but never gets drunk Gets drunk a couple of times a year Gets drunk a couple of times a month Gets drunk once or twice a week Gets drunk every day or almost every day Don t know Refused to answer ABUSE 42 Age at first incident of abuse 1 to 14 years old in single years Don t know 43 More than one perpetrator first incident of abuse More than one person involved One person involved 44 More than one abuse incident experienced Experienced more than once Experienced once only 45 Whether abuse
45. HHH HEHEHE HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HEHEHE HEHEHE HHO HOO EEE EEO OE ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 ce 0 9 90 9 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 STALKING 88 How much time taken off work in last 12 months due to stalking continued Up to 1 day 2 to 5 days 6 days to less than 1 month 1 month to less than 6 months 6 months to less than 12 months 1 year or more Did not take time off 89 Changes to routine due to fear of stalking Social or leisure activities Work School or studies Household tasks Shopping Child care Voluntary or community work Building or maintaining relationships Eating habits Sleeping habits Home security None of these 90 How often felt fear of stalking in the last 12 months Every day Weekly Monthly Less than once per month Did not experience anxiety or fear for personal safety in the 12 months after the most recent stalking 91 Stalking reported to police Police told by respondent Police told by someone else Police not told 92 Main reason stalking not reported to police Shame embarrassment Did not want perpetrator arrested Did not regard it as a serious offence Did not think police could do anything Did not think police would do
46. SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 GLOSSARY continued 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 oe 0 0 9 9 0 9 O 0 9 9 0 9 e Effects on life Emotional abuse The effects on a person s life as a result of the most recent incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault threatened or attempted physical assault and or stalking during the 12 months after the incident Whether took time off work Time off from paid work or work without pay in a family business This includes time off work to appear in court meet with the police or a lawyer to visit the doctor or a counsellor because respondent was unable to work because of either physical injuries or emotional distress Change in day to day activities Includes a change in the usual way of carrying out unpaid work such as shopping household tasks child care voluntary or community work social activities because of the injuries they received or as a result of experiencing anxiety or fear for their personal safety The change may have been either a reduction or an increase in the amount that the person did or a change in the way activities were carried out because of injuries or their emotional condition For example they were unable to com
47. Stranger Boyfriend or Girlfriend or date Current partner Previous partner you were living with at the time Previous partner you were no longer living with at the time Father or Mother Son or Daughter Brother or Sister Other relative or in law Friend Acquaintance or neighbour Employer or boss or supervisor Co worker or co volunteer Counsellor or psychologist or psychiatrist Doctor Teacher Minister or priest or clergy Prison officer Ex boyfriend or Ex girlfriend Other 105 How long ago was violent incident Less than 12 months ago 1 year to less than 2 years ago 2 years to less than 2 years ago 3 years to less than 5 years ago 5 years to less than 10 years ago 10 years to less than 20 years ago 20 years ago or more 106 Type of location of violent incident At respondent s home At perpetrator s home At another person s home At respondent s workplace At licensed premises In a private vehicle Using public transport Outside In an institution At a sporting venue Other 107 More than one violent incident One incident only More than one incident 108 More than one perpetrator in violent incident One Two Three or more 06060600000000000900900909090909090999909090909090900609099090990909909099090990490600600690906060906900600600009090000000000000000000000000000000000000009999929299 38 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0
48. all Non response bias While the CAI instrument was improved and streamlined through testing the type and amount of data required from the survey resulted in a complex questionnaire In some cases such as when a person had experienced incidents of violence by a number of different perpetrators errors may have resulted from the interviewer and or the respondent In any survey inaccurate reporting may occur due to respondents misunderstanding the questions or answering incorrectly to protect their personal integrity their personal safety or to protect somebody else For example some people may not have reported incidents they experienced particularly if the perpetrator was somebody close to them such as a partner or family member However conducting the interviews alone with people was a procedure used to minimise this effect People were asked to report incidents of physical and sexual violence experienced since the age of 15 the perpetrators of the incidents and when the most recent incident by each type of perpetrator occurred When the most recent incident s occurred was coded by the interviewer to one of seven time periods with the most recent being during the last 12 months For people whose most recent experience of violence occurred more than 20 years ago detailed information about the most recent incident was not collected due to the possibility of recall errors Recall errors may arise in a number of ways People may for
49. and or wife violence is an accepted part of other cultures and religious reasons Language reasons Includes the inability to communicate well enough in English to use services The person s relationship to the perpetrator at the time of the incident If there were multiple perpetrators involved the person was asked to focus on the person they considered to have been mainly responsible for the incident Stranger Someone the person did not know or someone they only knew by hearsay Boyfriend girlfriend or date This relationship may have different levels of commitment and involvement for example one date only regular dating with no sexual involvement or 2 serious sexual or emotional relationship Excludes de facto relationships Does not involve living together Current partner Includes both married and de facto relationships If the incident occurred while the person was dating a person who they later married the perpetrator of the incident would have been described as boyfriend girlfriend or date Previous partner Includes both married and de facto relationships Includes partners at the time of the incident from whom a person is now separated and partners a person was no longer living with at the time of the incident Friend Is someone one knows likes and trusts Neigbbour acquaintance Person who lives or is located near another and occasionally has a brief conversation Ex boyfriend ex girlfriend See Other known man wo
50. anyone else outside the household Whether police told In the WSS this question asked whether the police were contacted about the most recent incident of physical violence and or sexual assault The contact with police may have been by the respondent or another person In the PSS the question wording has been amended to ask whether the respondent or somebody else told police about the incident Whether stalking perceived as New item in the PSS a crime Whether violence order taken New item in the PSS out Whether violence occurred New item in the PSS after violence order issued Whether more than one New item in the PSS that establishes whether the respondent has been involved in incident multiple incidents Whether incident perceived as New item in the PSS that included the following categories a crime respondents regarded the incident as a crime respondents regarded the incident as wrong but not a crime respondents regarded the incident as something that just happens 06060600000009006000009009009090909099990909090909090909090990909909909909099090069 60 600606906900600000009000000000000000000000000000000000000009909992999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 47 TECHNICAL NOTE STANDARD ERRORS ON SURVEY ESTIMATES e 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 0 9 ne 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 0
51. anything Would not be believed Fear of perpetrator Fear of legal processes Cultural reasons Language reasons Did not want to ask for help Felt that they could deal with it themselves Other Do not know Refused to answer 06060600000006000009009009090909090909999099090909090900909909909090990990990906990990600606006090600600600000900000000000000000000000000000000000000099099929299 36 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 9 0 90 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 909 STALKING 93 Stalking perceived as crime by police continued Incident perceived as a crime Incident perceived as wrong but not a crime Incident perceived as something that just happens Don t know can t remember Refused to answer 94 Perpetrator charged by police Perpetrator charged Perpetrator not charged Don t know 95 Perpetrator went to court Went to court Did not go to court Don t know 96 Perpetrator recency First incident reported Second incident reported Third incident reported Fourth incident reported Fifth incident reported 97 Types of stalking by perpetrator Loitered or hung around outside home Loitered or hung around outside workplace Loitered or hung around outside place of lei
52. ard error Socio Economic Indexes for Areas Women s Safety Survey 06060060060600006000000090909090909090909090909990909099909909099099999090699909 696906099 906006090602906060906960699299 4906 0 55 003 2005 INTRODUCTION 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 8 BACKGROUND TO THE SURVEY METHODOLOGY The Personal Safety Survey PSS was conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics ABS from August to December 2005 The survey provides information on people s safety at home and in the community and in particular on the nature and extent of violence against men and women in Australia It collected information about experiences of physical and sexual violence Key findings from the survey are presented in 2005 Personal Safety Australia cat no 4906 0 which was released in August 2006 The focus of the survey is on those that experienced violence aged 18 years and over as opposed to that experienced by children or other specific groups known to be at risk of violence The survey collected information about experiences of violence in which a male or female perpetrator was involved As well as examining incidents of violence the survey collected information on abuse harassment and people s feelings of safety within t
53. as a new item added in the PSS Response categories are I was under the influence of alcohol PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 2 COMPARISONS BETWEEN WSS AND PSS continued 9 9 9 0 no 0 9 90 0 0 0 0 0 oa 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 oo Involvement of alcohol continued Income Language first spoken Length of relationship before first instance of violence Location Main reason for wanting to leave Main reason police not told Number of days off work Number of incidents I was under the influence of another substance I believe that additional alcohol had been added to my drink without my consent Ibelieve that another substance had been added to my drink without my consent the person responsible had been drinking alcohol the person responsible had taken another substance In the PSS less detailed information is collected about the sources of income Income ranges were collected in the WSS In the PSS respondents recorded used actual dollars amounts The PSS does not collect information about main source of income for either the respondent or their partner Household income is a new item in the PSS New item in the PSS This item refers to the language that w
54. as spoken most often if more than one language was spoken New item in the PSS Where the most recent incident of either physical violence and or sexual assault occurred In the WSS this information was not collected if a current or previous partner was the perpetrator in the most recent incident In the PSS this information is collected for current and or previous partner In the PSS the following new categories have been included at respondents home at perpetrators home at another persons home inan institution m atasporting venue In the WSS the category Outside included sporting venues which is categorised separately in the PSS and includes assault that occurred at a sporting venue playing fields stadium or sporting grounds Response wording changed has been updated in the PSS In the WSS if the respondent did not tell police about the last incident of physical violence and or sexual assault by another person people they were asked why not In the PSS 2 new categories were added did not think police would do anything did not want to ask for help Also in the PSS Cultural language reasons was split into 2 separate response categories cultural reasons language reasons Newitem in the PSS In the WSS this referred to the number of persons who had experienced an incident of violence by male and female perpetrators since the age of 15 It excluded repeat victimisation by a boyfriend girlfriend
55. ations ex s 5 ue ege a Lara e II Le Ra aaa 23 7T ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Appendix d Dataidtems sat MSRP UE EON I eed BS Ie 24 Appendix 2 Comparisons between WSS and PSS 44 Technical notes Standard Errors on Survey Estimates eee eee 48 GlOSSAEY ARIS A RUP eub te a LT e USUS 7 52 060606000000000600000900900909090909999090909090909090909090990909909099090990900696060600 690690060060000009090000000000000000000000000000000000000909099929299 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 V ABBREVIATIONS 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 ABS ASCED CAI CD CURF FLI GSS LFS NCOJS NCSS PSS RADL SE SEIFA WSS 0606060000000000000000000090999990909099999292999 PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Standard Classification of Education computer assisted interviewing Collection District Confidentialised Unit Record File foreign language interviewer General Social Survey Labour Force Survey National Centre for Crime and Justice Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics National Crime and Safety Survey Personal Safety Survey Remote Access Data Laboratory relative standard error stand
56. bout what is acceptable behaviour may have made it difficult for older people to decide which incidents were serious enough to report Younger people may have had less difficulty in this regard Non response can introduce errors into the results as non respondents may have different characteristics and experiences of violence from those people who responded 0606060000000006000009009009090909099990990909090909090990990990909909099090699099060060069090606090900600600009000000000000000000000000000006000000000090999929299 18 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 5 DATA QUALITY continued 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 909 Non response bias continued Processing errors COMPARABILITY BETWEEN PSS AND OTHER DATA SOURCES The magnitude of the bias depends on the extent of the differences the level of non response and the extent to which non response adjustments can be made during estimation through the use of benchmarks As it is not possible to quantify differences between respondents and non respondents in any survey every effort is made to reduce the level of non response and for this survey additional measures were taken see p 12 Non response bias may be redressed to an
57. by a Survey Advisory Group Interview questions and response categories were refined through field tests to ensure they could be clearly understood by respondents and that they would produce statistically valid and comparable results Further information about the content of the survey can be obtained by referring to the list of available data items in Appendix 1 Many data items available from the survey are derived from responses to a number of survey questions The definitions used in the survey as set out in the Glossary p 52 are based on both the questionnaire and interviewer instructions Physical and sexual All respondents were asked if they had experienced sexual or physical violence by each violence type of perpetrator current partner previous partner boyfriend girlfriend or date other known man or woman and stranger If they had they were asked when the most recent incident by each type of perpetrator occurred More detailed information was then collected about the most recent incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault and or threatened or attempted physical assault by a man and or woman irrespective of how the perpetrator was known to them The information collected about the most recent incident included number of perpetrators when it occurred location whether regarded as a crime police contact or main reason decided not to contact the police contribution of alc
58. by partner for the first time while separated Was not assaulted by partner for the first time while separated Violence occurred during separation from partner Threatened or tried to assault while separated Did not threaten or try to assault while separated Violence increased during separation from partner Threatened or attempted assaults increased while separated Threatened or attempted assaults did not increase while separated Reasons for returning to partner Partner promised to stop abuse No money financial support Nowhere to go Sake of children Shame of divorce Fear of partner Other Ever moved away from abusive partner Relocated to a different house or rental property Did not relocate to a different house or rental property Ever left assets behind when moved away Left behind property or assets Did not leave behind property or assets Restraining order ever issued Restraining violence order taken out Restraining violence order not taken out Violence continued after restraining order issued Further incidents occurred No further incidents occurred How often felt fear in the last 12 months Every day Weekly Monthly Less than once per month Whether abuse from current or previous partner Current partner violence Previous partner violence PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 ITEMS LIST continued PARTNER continued APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9
59. ce Also the response Ex boyfriend ex girlfriend and Prison officer was added in the PSS New item in the PSS In the WSS one of the response categories was worded Because of partner s abuse of or threats to respondent or respondent s children In the PSS the wording was updated to read Because of partner s abuse of or threats to respondent children The response Court order him away was updated in the PSS to Court ordered partner away A new category of Any other support service including telephone help line was added in the PSS In the PSS the definition of stalking was tightened and the survey now collects up to 5 incidents of stalking and asks a series of questions to determine the most recent incident of stalking Questions on the actions of stalking were amalgamated and now include actions such as sending SMS messages or via the Internet PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 2 COMPARISONS BETWEEN WSS AND PSS continued 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 Whether current partner This item was added to the PSS with the aim of determining whether the respondents violent towards others current partner has ever threatened or physically assaulted
60. cent incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault and or threatened or attempted physical assault Alcohol or another substance was involved if the person or the perpetrator were under the influence of alcohol or another substance at the time of the incident or if the person believed alcohol or another substance contributed to the incident for example when the perpetrator was recovering from a hangover or the person believed that their drink had been spiked Anotber substance Includes any mood altering substances whether legal or not e g marijuana Cocaine rohypnol or amphetamines If more than one language was spoken being the most often spoken language within the household When separating from their current or previous partner Includes furniture household goods clothing car jewellery pets the house if owned by the person money in the bank or cash left in the home shares securities land or share in a business The length of time the person had been in the relationship with their current partner and or previous partner before the first incident Includes the time that a person lived with a current partner and or previous partner in a de facto relationship as well as the period while they were married If the person had left the relationship and then returned the sum of the time before and after the separation was included The highest level of qualification completed Where the most recent i
61. cidents so defined would be an offence under State and Territory criminal law Any incident of sexual assault or threat as defined above If in the last 12 months the respondent had been short of money at least once where they needed to obtain money from another source such as drawing money from their savings or getting a loan from a financial institution or family friends Refers to situations where any of the listed things happened when the household as a whole was short of money Excludes being short of money because the person wasn t able to get to the bank or forgot Threat or assault experienced by a person since the age of 15 by any adult male or female The definition of stalking is based on State and Territory legislation It is defined by a range of activities which the person believed were undertaken with the intent to harm or frighten Activities include loitering outside a person s home workplace or place of leisure or social activities following or watching a person interfering with their property giving or leaving offensive material and telephoning and sending mail or contacting electronically In order to be classified as stalking more than one type of stalking behaviour had to occur or the same type of behaviour had to occur on more than one occasion People who had been stalked by more than one person during their lifetime provided details about the most recent incident of stalking Includes stalking by partners
62. community organisations No none of these Don t know Refused to answer PERSON 14 Age single years Continuous 15 Age 10 year groups Not applicable Aged 18 to 24 years Aged 25 to 34 years Aged 35 to 44 years Aged 45 to 54 years Aged 55 to 64 years Aged 65 or more years 16 Sex Male Female 17 Registered marital status Never married Widowed Divorced Separated Married 18 Social marital status Married in a registered marriage Married in a defacto marriage Not married 19 Year of arrival single years Continuous 20 Year of arrival 5 year groups Born in Australia Arrived 1985 and before Arrived 1986 to 1990 Arrived 1991 to 1995 Arrived 1996 to 2000 Arrived 2001 to 2005 Not stated 06060600000000000900900909090909090999909909090909090090909099090909909909060904906060060060090900000009000000000000000000000000000000000000000909099929299 26 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0 cs 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 PERSON continued 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Year of arrival 10 year groups Born in Australia Arrived 1985 and before Arrived 1986 to 1995 Arrived 1996 to 2005 Not stated Proficiency in spoken English
63. ctimisation Australia Tbe impact of different collection methodologies 2002 cat no 4522 0 55 001 Information paper National Information Development Plan for Crime and Justice Statistics 2005 cat no 4520 0 Recorded Crime Victims Australia 2004 cat no 4510 0 Sexual Assault in Australia A Statistical Overview 2004 cat no 4523 0 Women s Safety Australia 1996 cat no 4128 0 060600000000000000090090090909090909999099090990909099090990990909099099099069099090600690006006900060000000000006006009 9 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 23 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 eee 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 9 HOUSEHOLD 1 State or territory of usual residence New South Wales Victoria Queensland South Australia Western Australia Tasmania Northern Territory Australian Capital Territory 2 Capitalcity balance of state Capital city Balance of State 3 SEIFA index of advantage disadvantage single values Continuous 4 SEIFA index of advantage disadvantage quintiles Lowest quintile Second quintile Third quintile Fourth quintile Highest quintile Not stated Not known 5 SEIFA index of advantage disadvantage deciles First decile Second decile Third decile Fourth decile
64. date or person who the respondent knew other than a partner In the PSS this was not collected CoCo ooo OOOH HEHEHE OEE HEHEHE EEE HEHEHE HHH HEHEHE HEHEHE HEHEHE HHH HEHEHE HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HEHEHE SEH HEHEHE HOHE OEE OEE ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 45 06060602000000600000900900909090909090999909090909090990909909099099099099099099090600606090006000000000000000000000000000000000000060600000999 46 APPENDIX 2 COMPARISONS BETWEEN WSS AND PSS continued 9 9 o 0 o 0 9 9 9 0 0 cs 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 09 ABS Number of perpetrators Parents country of birth Physical assault Physical attempt or threat Proficiency in English Reasons services not used Relationship to perpetrator Relationship to perpetrator of first incident of abuse Reason for separation Services used Stalking In the WSS this referred to the type of perpetrators male and female as defined in relationship to perpetrator who were violent toward a person in the previous 12 month period In the PSS the relevant question asks if there were 1 2 3 or more perpetrators involved Not collected in the PSS In the WSS the category Other included burns scalds being dragged by the hair In PSS the wording Any other t
65. dent a Two stalking levels one which contains summary information about a respondent s most recent experience of stalking and a perpetrator level which contains detailed information about a respondent s experience of stalking by a male and or female perpetrator Two violence levels one which contains summary information about a respondent s most recent experience of violence threatened physical assault physical assault threatened sexual assault or sexual assault and a perpetrator level which contains detailed information about a respondent s experience of violence by a male or female perpetrator A hierarchical file is an efficient means of storing and retrieving information which describes one to many or many to many relationships For example a person may have experienced sexual assault by a male and physical threat by a female perpetrator and have taken out a restraining order in relation to one incident but not the other In this circumstance different record levels are used to record the details related to the incidents Weighting is a process of adjusting results from a sample survey to infer results for the total population To do this a weight is allocated to each sample unit The weight is a value which indicates how many population units are represented by the sample unit The first step in calculating weights for each person was to determine an initial household weight equal to the inverse of the probability of the house
66. determine if the survey instrument design including response categories was appropriate to test operational aspects of the CAI instrument and to assess the suitability and comprehensiveness of survey procedures and documentation As a result of the testing the survey instrument was progressively improved and the methodology and survey procedures refined To ensure consistency of approach interviewers were instructed to ask the interview questions precisely as they appeared in the instrument In an ideal situation interviews would be conducted with all people selected in the sample The ABS attempts to maximise response to avoid bias and reduce sampling variability However some non response is unavoidable as people cannot always be contacted interviews cannot be arranged at mutually convenient times or people refuse to participate Measures taken to encourage respondent cooperation and maximise response included using female interviewers and offering the respondent the choice of a male interviewer offering a telephone interview arranging foreign language interviewers providing information on the broad purpose of the survey its official nature the confidentiality of the information collected and the legal basis for the survey a interviewing the respondent in private introducing the survey content progressively including an explanation of the reasons for asking sensitive questions 060606000000060000090090090090909090
67. e instrument itself While both the input and output data still needed to be separately specified to the processing system input of the data in this form assists in that specification task and reduces the amount and complexity of some later processing tasks Electronic delivery of text fields describing education country of birth etc facilitated the introduction of auto coding systems and improved supplementary manual coding and query processes Provision was made in the CAI instrument to enable interviewers to record comments to help explain clarify certain responses or provide supplementary information to assist in office coding As with all ABS surveys the questionnaire was tested using experienced ABS interviewers and applying the procedures and methods planned for the final survey A Pilot Test was conducted in Queensland during November December 2004 Targeted interviews with known victims of violence were conducted at local crisis support centres as part of the Pilot Test The main purpose was to ensure that the content of the survey was effectively tested on people who have experienced violence as well as obtaining feedback about their reactions to the Survey s content A Dress Rehearsal was conducted in NSW during March April 2005 The broad aims of the testing program were to assess the suitability of the questions for male respondents to ascertain respondent reactions to the survey content and understanding of the issues addressed to
68. ecent incident of physical assault and or sexual assault A physical injury includes any type of injury ranging from general stiffness and soreness to bruises marks of any kind i e cuts scrapes fractures miscarriage internal injuries or any other kind of injury such as a chipped tooth etc Scratches May have been caused by fingernails bushes or as a result of falling on or being dragged on a rough surface such as cement Includes scrapes and abrasions Bruises They are external and visible and can range in severity from mild to severe Includes black eyes contusions and haematomas Cuts Include any kind of a cut which is more severe than a scratch but not as severe as a penetrative injury such as a stab or gun shot wound Fractured or broken bones Range from hairline fractures to a complete break Includes cracked ribs and broken noses Broken teetb Range from a chip to a complete break or loss of teeth Penetrative injury stab gun sbot Usually deeper wounds than cuts Can be due to a bullet or any other sharp instrument e g a knife or stick which penetrated into deeper tissues Miscarriage Cases in which a female respondent lost a baby miscarried or had a spontaneous abortion as a result of the incident Otber injuries Includes burns bites loss of fingers toes limbs eyes or hearing internal injuries sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and hepatitis and loss of consciousness In the most re
69. echniques to assist interviewers to deal with difficult or emotional interviews and to react professionally and appropriately to the topics addressed in the survey A support network was put in place to provide support stress management and coping strategies for interviewers while they were working on the survey The main components of the network were access to counsellors a contact person in the office other PSS interviewers and the provision of voluntary emotional debriefing sessions at the end of enumeration Interviewers were strongly encouraged to use this network A CAI instrument was developed for the 2005 PSS It contained a household form and a personal questionnaire The household form collected from any responsible adult within the household basic demographic data such as sex age country of birth and details of the relationship between individuals in the household The instrument then randomly selected an in scope person to be interviewed The personal questionnaire was designed and thoroughly tested according to standard ABS procedures Factors taken into consideration included thelength and wording of questions the suitability of response categories the sensitivity of the subjects and issues to be covered a the ability of people to recall events which occurred in the past a minimising and simplifying instructions 555 55 555 5 555 5555
70. ed face to face personal interviews using Computer Assisted Interviewing CAT incorporating special procedures that built a rapport with respondents and encouraged them to provide answers to often difficult and very personal questions emphasised the need for a safe environment in which to conduct the interview and enabled concepts and definitions to be explained to the respondent as necessary The NCSS is conducted as a supplement to the ABS Labour Force Survey LFS and uses a self administered questionnaire The survey collects information from household members 15 years and over on a range of personal and property related crimes such as household break in attempted break ins and motor vehicle theft and person robberies assaults and sexual assaults for persons aged 18 years and over in the 12 months prior to the survey The survey measures the incidence of force and violence and the respondent is required to make judgements about the definition of these terms The GSS involved a face to face personal interview using CAI Being a general survey of social issues the collection of crime and safety data was only one part of the survey 06060600000006000009009009009090909099990909090909090909099090990909909909909909909006006900606906900600000000000000000000000000000006000060000000000909099929299 20 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 5 DATA QUALITY continued COMPARABILITY BETWEEN PSS
71. ekly household income quintiles Lowest quintile Second quintile Third quintile Fourth quintile Highest quintile Not stated Not known 11 Gross weekly household income deciles Lowest decile Second decile Third decile Fourth decile Fifth decile Sixth decile Seventh decile Eighth decile Ninth decile Highest decile Not stated Not known 12 Ability to raise emergency money Could raise 2000 within a week Could not raise 2000 within a week Don t know Refused to answer 060606000000090000009009009090909099999090909090909090909090990909909909909099049 600609 606060690600600000090909000000000000000000000000000600000000009909992999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0 0 9 90 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 Ca 0 9 9 9 0 HOUSEHOLD 13 Cash flow problems in the last 12 months continued Could not pay electricity gas or telephone bills on time Could not pay mortgage or rent payments on time Could not pay for car registration or insurance on time Could not make minimum payment on credit card Pawned or sold something because you needed cash Went without meals Were unable to heat your home Sought financial assistance from friends or family Sought assistance from welfare or
72. ence is an accepted part of other cultures and religious reasons Language reasons Includes could not communicate well enough in English to make complaint known Cultural reasons Includes unacceptable in person s culture not being able to talk to anyone other than their husband or wife violence is an accepted part of other cultures and religious reasons Includes partner s abuse of or threats to respondent or respondent s children As reported by the person at the time of the survey Married Includes people who are married or in a de facto relationship The phrase something important was left for the person to interpret Examples might include to pay for an emergency operation or unexpected bills If the incident occurred 20 years ago or more information was only collected about relationship to perpetrator This was the same for stalking which began 20 years ago or more and had stopped 20 years ago or more The previous partner of the person who was responsible for the most recent incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault and or threatened or attempted physical assault if the person had experienced violence by different previous partners This was based on the most recent assault by a previous partner regardless of whether a threat by a previous partner had occurred since then unless the person had only experienced threat by a previous partner Refers to the amount of time the respondent needed
73. ences between the re weighted estimates and the original estimate CoCo ooo oOo 5555 55 555 5555 5555 55 5555 5555 5555 16 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 5 DATA QUALITY continued 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 o 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 ce 0 9 09 Measure of sampling variability continued Significance testing on differences between survey estimates Non sampling errors Errors related to Survey Scope Response errors This method enables the calculation of an actual standard error on every estimate produced from a survey However for some purposes such as publications it is impractical to show the standard error for every estimate An alternative is to model the actual standard errors to ensure a suitable fit for a range of different variables available from the survey A table of indicative standard errors can then be compiled showing the standard error of an estimate of a particular size irrespective of the item to which the estimate relates This table therefore provides a useful quick guide to the approximate level o
74. ents a definition of physical abuse was included in the survey question However the response given by people would reflect their interpretation of the question and what constitutes physical abuse This information was collected about the respondent and where applicable their partner The latter was provided by the respondent Information collected included labour force status educational attainment language first spoken proficiency in English income including household income In developing the concepts and definitions used in the survey the ABS was conscious that the data be comparable with the 1996 WSS In the 1996 WSS assistance was sought from a Survey Advisory Group which included members with legal and crime research backgrounds to determine the definitions of what constitutes violence and to describe related concepts The definitions used were based on actions which would be considered offences under State and Territory criminal law For example physical violence was defined as the occurrence attempt or threat of physical assault where physical assault was the use of physical force with the intent to harm or frighten These same definitions are used for the 2005 PSS The definitions of violence are set out in more detail in the Glossary p 52 While inevitably the incidents of violence reported by people reflected their perceptions of the concepts and definitions used the incidents reported were judged as
75. erator and denominator depends upon both the size of the numerator and the size of the denominator However the relative standard error of the estimated percentage or rate will generally be lower that the relative standard error of the estimate of the numerator 12 Approximate standard errors of the rates or percentages may be derived by first obtaining the number of persons corresponding to the numerator of the rate or percentage and then applying this figure to the estimated rate or percentage 13 The difference between two survey estimates is itself an estimate and is therefore subject to sampling variability The standard error of the difference of two survey estimates depends on the standard errors of the original estimates and on the relationship correlation between the two original estimates An approximate standard error SE of the difference between two estimated x y may be calculated by the following formula SE x y SEQ SEQ 14 While this formula will only be exact for differences between separate and uncorrelated unrelated characteristics or sub populations it is expected to provide a good approximation for all differences likely to be of interest SIGNIFICANCE TESTING 15 Statistical significance testing has been undertaken for the comparison of estimates from the 1996 Women s Safety Survey and the 2005 PSS The statistical significance test for these comparisons was performed to determine whether it is likely
76. erviewers for the survey were chosen from the panel of ABS interviewers used for household surveys and included some interviewers who had previously worked on the 1996 WSS Expert advice evidence and experience gained from the WSS and findings from the PSS field tests indicated that both men and women are more inclined to communicate sensitive information to a female than to a male and feel more comfortable doing so Based on this female interviewers from the ABS panel of household survey interviewers were used Respondents were given the option of a male interviewer upon request Wherever possible senior and more experienced interviewers were recruited to work on the PSS Interviewers were provided with an information paper which explained the content of the survey and some of the challenges they might encounter Based on this interviewers then decided whether they wanted to work on the survey Training for interviewers emphasised understanding of the concepts definitions and survey procedures in order to ensure all interviewers used a standard approach The training program included sessions to familiarise the interviewers with the Computer Assisted Interview CAI instrument procedural and administrative aspects of the survey as well as Sensitivity and Awareness Training The latter session aimed to increase interviewers awareness of the experience of survivors of violence and their own response to the topic It also provided t
77. esses Cultural reasons Language reasons Did not want to ask for help Felt that they could deal with it themselves Other Do not know Refused to answer 123 Professional help sought Doctor Counsellor Minister or priest Professional help not sought 124 Other people talked to for help Family Friend or neighbour Work colleague Anyone else None of the above 125 Reasons for not using crisis financial egal other help Received help from family or friends Did not know of any services Not serious enough to seek help Shame or embarrassment Did not think they could help Would not be believed Fear of perpetrator Cultural reasons Language reasons Couldn t afford Couldn t get an appointment Couldn t get through or unable to contact service Did not want to ask for help Felt they could deal with it themselves Did not need or want service Other Don t know 060606000000090060000090090090909090999990909090909090909090990990909909099099099090069606060 69060006006000009090900000000000000000000000000000000000009909992999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 VIOLENCE 126 Changes to routine from fear of viole
78. estion or contradicted information already recorded These edit queries were resolved on the spot with respondents Workloads were electronically loaded on receipt in the ABS office in each state or territory Checks were made to ensure interviewer workloads were fully accounted for and that questionnaires for each household and respondent were completed Problems with the questionnaire identified by interviewers were resolved by office staff based where possible on other information contained in the questionnaire or by referring to the comments provided by interviewers Further computer assisted coding was performed on responses to questions on country of birth family relationships and educational qualifications Country of birtb coding The survey questionnaire listed 10 most frequently reported countries interviewers were instructed to mark the appropriate box or if the reported country was not among those listed to record the name of the country for subsequent office coding Text responses were classified to the Standard Australian Classification of Countries cat no 1269 0 Coding of language The survey questionnaire listed 10 frequently reported languages first spoken at home Interviewers were instructed to mark the appropriate box or if the reported language was not among those listed to record the name of the language for subsequent office coding Language was coded to the Australian Standard Classification of Langua
79. extent by calibration to benchmark totals The 2005 PSS was calibrated to two sets of benchmarks i estimated household composition totals and ii State part of state age group and sex totals Under or over representation of persons and households in these benchmark groups were adjusted for helping to compensate for any differential response patterns that may also be associated with these groups Opportunities exist for errors to arise during the processing of data Again due to long standing and proven data processing practices the ABS does not believe that there are any significant processing errors in the data Errors may also occur when computer editing programs fail to detect errors and when data is coded and transferred at various stages of computer processing In order to minimise these errors computer edits were devised to ensure that logical sequences were followed in the CAI instrument that necessary items were present and that specific values lay between certain ranges These edits were designed to detect reporting or recording errors and incorrect relationships between data items or missing data items Tabulations were obtained from the data file at various stages during processing such as after computer editing and subsequent amendments weighting of the file and after derivation of new data items to help identify possible errors The 2005 PSS expands on the 1996 WSS by broadening the scope of the survey to
80. f sampling error on any survey estimate The table of modelled standard errors from the 2005 PSS is contained in the Technical Notes Standard Errors on Survey Estimates p 50 For comparing estimates between surveys or between populations within a survey it is useful to determine whether apparent differences are real differences between the corresponding population characteristics or simply the product of differences between the survey samples One way to examine this is to determine whether the difference between the estimates is statistically significant This is done by calculating the standard error of the difference between two estimates x and y and using that to calculate the test statistic using the formula below x y SE x y If the value of the test statistic is greater than 1 96 then we may say there is good evidence of a real difference in the two populations with respect to that characteristic Otherwise it cannot be stated with confidence that there is a real difference between the populations Errors made in giving and recording information during an interview can occur regardless of whether the estimates are derived from a sample or from a complete enumeration These response errors are referred to as non sampling errors Other sources of non sampling error include non response bias errors related to scope and coverage and errors in processing Some dwellings may have been inadvertently included or excluded d
81. ges first edition cat no 1267 0 Coding of educational qualification Level of highest non school educational qualification and field of study of that qualification were coded to the Australian Standard Classification of Education ASCED cat no 1272 0 Family relationsbips Based on household information recorded in the Household Form all usual residents of each sampled private dwelling were grouped into family units and classified according to their relationship within the family This information was then transferred to each individual record Information from the questionnaires other than names and addresses was stored on a computer output file in the form of data items In some cases items were formed from answers to individual questions while in other cases data items were derived from answers to several questions At the completion of each stage of computer processing frequency counts and cross tabulations of selected data items were produced and used to check the contents of the data file Where necessary any errors detected in the data capture were subsequently corrected by reference back to the questionnaire 06060600000006000006090090090090909090999090909090990990909909909909909909909909909909900 69060 60060 69 60060069090900909090909000000000000000000000600006000000000000009929299 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 13 CHAPTER 4 DATA PROCESSING continued
82. get to report incidents that Occurred in the past or they may report incidents as occurring in a more recent time period It is also possible that people who experienced more than one incident may have focused on the incident they perceived to be the most serious and subsequently provided details about that incident Recall errors are likely to be greater for information collected about incidents that occurred a long time ago It is for this reason that estimates relating to experiences of violence during the previous 12 month period will be more reliable than estimates relating to other time periods Some insight into the effect of recall can be gained from the survey results It could be expected that older people would be more likely than younger people to have experienced an incident of violence at some time since the age of 15 However the proportion of women aged 55 and over who reported an incident of violence since the age of 15 996 was less than the proportion of women aged 18 24 2696 There are a number of possible explanations for this difference As most incidents of violence reported in the survey had occurred when people were young older people may have underreported their experience of violence when they were young It is also possible that older people may have recalled incidents but not considered them sufficiently serious to report in the survey particularly if an incident only occurred once Changes in community attitudes a
83. he home and the community Funding for the women s component of the PSS is provided through the National Initiative to Combat Sexual Assault and Partnersbips Against Domestic Violence Australian Government initiatives administered by the Office for Women OfW The male component was funded by the ABS A Survey Advisory Group comprising experts in the field of crime and violence provided the ABS with advice on the information to be collected and on some aspects of survey methodology Members of the group included representatives from State and Commonwealth departments crime research agencies services providers health research organisations academics and OfW The ABS was responsible for the development and conduct of the survey As for all ABS surveys extensive testing was carried out to ensure that the survey would collect objective and high quality data The 2005 PSS was conducted under the authority of the Census and Statistics Act 1905 The ABS sought the willing cooperation of households in the survey The confidentiality of all information provided by respondents is guaranteed Under its legislation the ABS cannot release identifiable information about households or individuals All aspects of the PSS implementation were designed to conform to Information Privacy Principles set out in the Privacy Act 1988 and the Privacy Commissioner was informed of the details of the proposed survey The ABS seeks to encourage respondent
84. hem with the survey content At the point in the interview immediately before questions about sexual and physical violence respondents were advised of the content of the following questions and that they were under no obligation to continue They were again asked if they were prepared to continue answering the questions A small proportion of people chose not to proceed For people who had experienced incidents of violence the questions asked during the interview may have caused some emotional distress With this in mind the ABS provided a card to each respondent which listed selected service agencies in their state or territory These included agencies providing sexual assault and domestic violence 060606000000000006090090090909090909099990990909090990909099099099099099099099099099090060990060609060900900600090000000000000000000000000000000000000009909999299 8 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY continued 9 9 0 e 0 9 0 90 9 0 0 ce 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 909 Interviews continued Interviewers Training Questionnaire services This card was offered to all people at the conclusion of an interview irrespective of whether they had reported an incident of violence Int
85. hold being selected in the survey For example if the probability of a household being selected in the survey was 1 in 600 then the household would have an initial weight of 600 that is they represent 600 others An adjustment was then made to the household weights for household composition Initial person weights were derived from the adjusted household weights according to the number of in scope males or females in the household 06060600000006000009009009009090909099990909090909090090990909909099090990990990490 006069006060909000600000090000000000000000000000000000000000000009099992999 14 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 4 DATA PROCESSING continued 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 co e 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 WEIGHTING AND The person weights were then calibrated to align with independent estimates of the ESTIMATION PROCEDURES population of interest referred to as benchmarks in designated categories of sex by age continued by area of usual residence categories Weights calibrated against population benchmarks help to compensate for over or under enumeration of particular categories of persons and ensure that the survey estimates conform to the independently estimated distribution of the population by age sex and
86. ious partner Damaged or destroyed property Did not damage or destroy property 79 Type of physical threat or attempt in most recent incident Threatened or tried to hit with a fist or anything else that could hurt Threatened or tried to stab with a knife Threatened or tried to shoot with a gun Threatened or tried to physically hurt in any other way 80 Type of physical assault in most recent incident Throw anything at you that could hurt you Push grab or shove you Slap you Kick bite or hit you with a fist Hit you with something else that could hurt you Beat you Choke you Stab you with a knife Shoot you with a gun Any other type of physical assault None of these STALKING 81 Sex of perpetrator Male Female Total 82 Types of behaviour by stalking perpetrator Loitered or hung around outside home Loitered or hung around outside workplace Loitered or hung around outside place of leisure or social activities Followed Watched Interfered with or damaged property Gave or left offensive or disturbing material where it could be found Telephoned sent mail or contacted electronically with the intent to harm or frighten 06060600000006090000900900900909090909999090909090909006090990909909909099099099090406006069060606909000600000090000000000000000000000000000060000000000909099929299 34 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 9 0
87. iscussed below should be kept in mind in interpreting results of the survey Since the estimates are based on information obtained from a sample of the population they are subject to sampling variability or sampling error i e they may differ from the figures that would have been obtained from an enumeration of the entire population using the same questionnaires and procedures The magnitude of the sampling error associated with a sample estimate depends on the following factors sample design there are many different methods which could have been used to obtain a sample from which to collect data on incidence of violence The final design attempted to make survey results as accurate as possible within cost and operational constraints Details of sample design are contained in Chapter 3 sample size the larger the sample on which the estimate is based the smaller the associated sampling error population variability the third factor which influences sampling error is the extent to which people differ on the particular characteristic being measured This is referred to as the population variability for that characteristic The smaller the population variability of a particular characteristic the more likely it is that the population will be well represented by the sample and therefore the smaller the sampling error Conversely the more variable the characteristic the greater the sampling error One measure of sampling variabi
88. lity is the standard error SE There are about two chances in three that a sample estimate will differ by less than one standard error from the figure that would have been obtained if all dwellings had been included in the survey and about nineteen chances in twenty that the difference will be less than two standard errors The relative standard error RSE is the standard error expressed as a percentage of the estimate to which it relates Very small estimates may be subject to such high relative standard errors as to detract seriously from their value for most reasonable purposes Only estimates with relative standard errors less than 25 are considered sufficiently reliable for most purposes However estimates with relative standard errors of 2596 or more are included in ABS publications of results from this survey estimates with an RSE of 25 to 50 are preceded by the symbol as a caution to indicate that they are subject to high relative standard errors while estimates with an RSE greater than 50 are preceded by the symbol to indicate the estimate is too unreliable for general use Standard errors on estimates from this survey are available in two forms modelled and actual Both are obtained through a methodology known as replicate weighting This methodology involves taking a number of different sub samples of survey records and re weighting them to population benchmark totals The standard errors are compiled based on the differ
89. llect the actual number of violent incidents people experienced It also does not provide information about repeat victimisation that is the number of incidents a person experienced by the same perpetrator People who experienced violence by a partner were asked if they had experienced violence on more than one occasion However this question was not asked of people who reported incidents by a boyfriend girlfriend date or another person who they knew such as a family member or friend In the 2005 Personal Safety Survey Australia cat no 4906 0 most results are also expressed as percentages Percentages indicate the distribution of events or characteristics among the population of interest such as the proportion of women or men who experienced violence in various locations It is possible that people may be present in more than one category of the distribution This occurs when people have experienced violence by more than one type of perpetrator or when data items allow for more than one response category The data item listing in Appendix 1 indicates items where more than one response can be given for example type of physical violence experienced In these cases the components when added will be greater than 10096 There are two main reference periods reported in the publication the 12 months prior to the survey and since the age of 15 The former is used to measure current levels of violence in Australia while the latter sh
90. m the ABS panel of household survey interviewers were used although respondents were given the option of a male interviewer upon request In addition to standard ABS training in the content and procedures for the survey the interviewers received sensitivity and awareness training to increase their understanding of and ability to deal with issues related to violence against women and men USING THIS PUBLICATION Appropriate use and interpretation of the PSS results relies on a knowledge of what information was collected how it was collected and how the information was used to produce final estimates This User Guide covers these topics in four chapters survey content survey methodology data processing and data quality and interpretation of results Appendix 1 includes a comprehensive list of the data items available from the survey Appendix 2 itemises the comparisons between PSS and WSS data items 0606060200000000009009009090900909099990909090909090909099090990909909099069906990990600606900606090900600600000900000000000000000000000000000000000000099099929299 viii ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 2 SURVEY CONTENT 69006000006060006006000000600060006006009000006000060006006000600006009006000000020900000090000000000000090909 INFORMATION COLLECTED The content of the 2005 PSS was based on the 1996 Women s Safety Survey WSS and through consultation with key users who were represented
91. man Prison Officer See Other known man woman Other known man woman Any man woman who does not fit into any of the above categories for example family members doctors or teachers Includes ex partner of partner and carers Whether the person stopped then started their relationship with their current or previous partner The separation must have been for at least one night Excludes nights spent apart due to holidays or business trips and the final separation from a previous partner 0606060000000000000900909090090909999090909090909009099090990909909909909090490606006909060909006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000909099929299 58 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 GLOSSARY continued 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 ooo 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 Services used Sexual abuse Sexual assault Sexual violence Short of money Since the age of 15 Stalking Includes services contacted or visited after the most recent incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault and or threatened or attempted physical assault If a person used more than one source of help offered by an individual service then each relevant category was answered Excludes doctors counsellors ministers or priests Crisis bel
92. n of the SEs of all estimates in this publication A table of SEs and RSEs for estimates of numbers of persons appears at the end of these Technical Notes These figures will not give a precise measure of the SE for a particular estimate but will provide an indication of its magnitude 4 Thesize of the SE increases with the level of the estimate so that the larger the estimate the larger is the SE However the larger the sample estimate the smaller the SE will be in percentage years that is the RSE This means larger estimates will be relatively more reliable than smaller estimates In the tables in this publication only estimates with RSEs of 25 or less and percentages based on these estimates are considered sufficiently reliable for most purposes Estimates with RSEs of 2596 to 5096 are preceded by an asterisk e g 2 4 to indicate they are subject to high SEs and should be used with caution Estimates with RSEs greater than 50 are preceded with a double asterisk e g 0 1 these estimates are considered too unreliable for general use 5 The imprecision due to sampling variability which is measured by the SE should not be confused with inaccuracies that may occur because of imperfections in reporting by respondents and recording by interviewers and errors made in coding and processing data Inaccuracies of this kind are referred to as non sampling error and they may occur in any enumeration whether it be a full count or a sample Eve
93. nce continued Social or leisure activities Work School or studies Household tasks Shopping Child care Voluntary or community work Building or maintaining relationships Eating habits Sleeping habits Home security None of these 127 Whether police told about the most recent incident Police told by respondent Police told by someone else Police not told 128 Still in relationship with fe male perpetrator Still in the relationship No longer in the relationship 129 Used any other victim support service after the most recent incident Crisis help Legal help Financial help Any other support service including a telephone help line Services not used 130 Type of perpetrator of violence Stranger Boyfriend Girlfriend or date Current partner Previous partner Any other known person Total 131 Whether violence was physical or sexual Physical violence Sexual violence Total 132 Whether violence was assault or threat Assault Threat Total 133 Relationship to perpetrator Still in the relationship No longer in the relationship 134 More than one perpetrator One incident only More than one incident 135 Experienced violence Experienced Did not experience 0606000000009000069009009090909090909999099090909090909060909909909909909909909909909909060060006009060000000900000000000000000000000000000000000000090909999299 42 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued
94. ncident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault and or threatened or attempted physical assault occurred If the incident occurred in a number of places where the incident initially took place was recorded 060606000000090000609009009090909090909999090909090909909909090990990990990990990990990990069069900600 6906006009090000909009000000000000000000000000060000000000000999299 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 55 GLOSSARY continued 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 COC O O 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 Location continued Main reason police not told Main reason unable to leave current partner Main reason for wanting to leave Marital status Money for something important Most recent incident of violence Most recent incident of violence by previous partner Number of days off work 06060600000006000060600000000009999 56 ABS 5555 5555 5555 In a home If the incident occurred at the respondent s home and this was the same as the perpetrator s home it was recorded as occurring at the respondent s home Includes incidents which occurred just outside of the home e g in the front or backyard At licensed premises Include
95. ne else Other Main reason unable to separate from current partner No money financial support Nowhere to go Sake of children Shame of divorce Fear of partner Cultural reasons Other First incident of abuse from previous partner living with at the time Experienced violence while living with previous partner Did not experience violence while living with previous partner COC ooo ooo OOOOH HOHE SEDO HOE HOE EEE EEE HEHEHE HEHEHE HHH HEHEHE HEHEHE HHH HHS HEHEHE HHH HHH HH HHH HHH HEHEHE HEHEHE HEHEHE EOE EOS ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 33 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 on 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 909 PARTNER 75 Main reason for final separation from previous partner continued Because of partner s assaults abuse or threats to respondent children Better life for children Court ordered partner away Partner initiated separation Person found someone else Partner died Other 76 Violence increased after final separation from previous partner Violence increased after relationship ended Violence did not increase after relationship ended 77 How often felt fear since relationship ended Often Sometimes Rarely One incident of violence 78 Damaged or destruction of property by prev
96. new that the perpetrator had access to a gun Includes toy guns starter pistols etc if the person believed they were real The threat of acts of a sexual nature which are carried out against a person s will through the use of physical force intimidation or coercion The person must have believed that the threats were able and likely to be carried out It only includes threats that were made face to face and includes verbal threats threats with a weapon and threats to harm children It excludes when threats were made and then a sexual assault was carried out and incidents that occurred before the age of 15 Respondent took time off from paid work or work without pay in a family business due to physical injuries or emotional distress This also includes time off work to appear in court meet with police or a lawyer visit a doctor or a counsellor A person who was not employed during the reference week who had actively looked for work during the previous four weeks and who was available to start work See Harassment Includes physical and sexual violence as defined above All Australian and many overseas jurisdictions have passed legislation allowing courts to make orders intended to protect individuals from future violence abuse and harassment from specific persons Such orders typically prohibit an individual the defendant from being violent or threatening violence towards another individual the protected person Different state
97. ng relationship Length of relationship before first incident of abuse by partner 1to 11 months in single months 1 to 98 years in single years Pregnant at time of first incident of abuse by partner Violence occurred for the first time during pregnancy Violence did not occur for the first time during pregnancy Don t know 06060600000000000009009090909090909999909090909090909090909909909909909909909909909006060060690690060000000909000000000000000000000000000000000000090909992999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 060606000000060000000900900909090909999090909090909006090990909909099099099 090990906006069060606906900600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000909099929299 32 APPENDIX 1 DATA 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 O 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 09 PARTNER 55 continued ABS 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Abuse by partner ever seen or heard by children Violence witnessed by children Violence not witnessed by children Do not know if witnessed by children No children in their care during the relationship Number of times separated from partner Once only Twice Three times More than three times Don t know Violence first occurred during separation from partner Assaulted
98. ntent to harm or frighten a person The assault may have occurred in conjunction with a robbery It includes incidents where a person was assaulted in their line of work e g assaulted while working as a Security Guard It excludes incidents of sexual assault or threatened sexual assault which also involved physical assault those which occurred before the age of 15 and those which occurred during the course of play on a sporting field If a physical assault was preceded by a threat of the same type in the same incident only the physical assault was recorded Various types of physical assault were identified including Pusbed grabbed or shoved Includes being pushed off a balcony down stairs or across the room Slapped Includes a hit with an open hand Excludes slaps with a belt or bat etc Kicked bitten or bit witb a fist Excludes being hit with an open hand Hit you witb sometbing else tbat could burt you Includes being hit with a bat hammer belt pot ruler etc Excludes being punched Beaten Includes punching hitting or slapping in a repetitive manner Choked Includes being choked by hands a rope a scarf a tie or any other item Stabbed With a knife Shot With a gun Any other type of physical assault Includes burns scalds being dragged by the hair being deliberately hit by a vehicle Any incident of physical assault attempt or threat as defined above Incidents so defined would be an offence under State and
99. ohol and or other drugs a injuries sustained and consultation with doctor changes in aspects of life resulting from physical injury and or anxiety or fear in the 12 months after the incident advice or support sought from professionals doctor counsellor minister or priest help sought from service providers crisis legal financial other support services or reason s for not using them whether talked to others family friend or neighbour work colleague anyone else time off work in the 12 months after the incident a anxiety or fear experienced during the last 12 months Partner violence Additional information was collected from respondents who experienced violence by a partner If a person experienced violence by both a current and a previous partner information was collected about both partners For respondents who experienced violence by more than one previous partner information was collected about the last partner who was violent i e the most recently violent previous partner Information collected included frequency of violence length of relationship before first incident violence during pregnancy violence during separation and patterns of separation children witnessing violence 0606000000009009000090090909090909099999090909090909909909090990990990990990990990990900606900600600600000000909000000000000000000000000000000000000090909992999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0
100. ons and associated data quality issues the ability to carry forward responses to later questions to assist respondents in answering and interviewers in recording future questions the ability to use complex sequencing to define specific populations for questions and ensure word substitutes used in the questions were appropriate to each respondent s characteristics and prior responses the data are captured electronically at the point of interview which removes all the added cost logistical timing and quality issues around the transport storage and security of paper forms and the transcription data entry of information from forms into a computerised format 060606020000000000609009009009090909099990909090909090909090909909909909909909909909060606900600690000000090000000000000000000000000000060000000000909099929299 10 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY continued 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 90 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 Questionnaire continued MEASURES TO MAXIMISE RESPONSE a the instrument delivers data in an electronic semi processed form compatible with ABS data processing facilities semi processed in terms of the data validation and some derivations which occur in th
101. ort service including a telephone help line The act of threat or physical violence against other people For example the person s partner might have threatened or assaulted a work colleague someone at a party or pub or another person due to road rage Excludes threatened or physical assault against members of the household Verbal and or physical intent or suggestion of intent to inflict physical harm which the person believed was able and likely to be carried out The threats must have been made face to face It includes incidents where a person was assaulted in their line of work e g assaulted while working as a Security Guard It excludes any act of violence which was actually carried out incidents of sexual assault threatened sexual assault or physical assault which also involved threatened or attempted physical assault those which occurred before the age of 15 and those which occurred during the course of play on a sporting field Various types of physical attempt or threat were identified including Threaten or attempt to bit with a fist or anything else that could hurt Includes threats or attempts to slap punch spank or hit in any way with a fist or weapon such as a bat hammer or pot It excludes where the person was threatened with a knife or gun Threaten or attempt to shoot with a gun The gun may or may not have been aimed at the person Includes situations where a gun was left in an obvious place or if the person k
102. ows people s experience of violence as an adult It is important to note that some estimates are based on information about the most recent incident of violence experienced by people For example if a person experienced more than one incident of physical violence information about the type of physical violence and whether the incident was reported to the police was only collected in relation to the most recent incident As a result the estimates will not reflect the total 060606000000060900600090090090909090909099990909090909090060909909909909099099099099099049 69606900606909006000000000000000000000000000000000006000000000099099929299 4 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 2 SURVEY CONTENT continued 9 9 oc 9 0 9 9 0 ce 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 MEASURES USED continued counts of different incidents and in general will understate the occurrence of particular incidents When interpreting the results presented in the PSS publication reference should be made to the title of each table to determine the reference period and whether the data relates to experiences of violence since the age of 15 or the most recent incident 060606000000000000090090909090909099990909090909090909090990990909909099099099099060
103. p Includes shelters refuges providing accommodation telephone crisis lines rape crisis service etc Legal belp Includes legal aid commissions community legal centres Clerks of Court private solicitors or legal centres which provide specialised services for Indigenous people women or migrants Financial belp Includes Centrelink and church or community groups that offer financial help or financial counselling such as The Smith Family Any other support service including a telephone help line Captures any other sources of help the person used and covers any non crisis type help sought This would more than likely be help sought after an incident as opposed to help sought to cope at the time of the incident Some examples include Victim Support Service Victim Support Program Domestic Violence Helpline and Lifeline Involving a child in sexual activity beyond their understanding or contrary to currently accepted community standards An act of a sexual nature carried out against a person s will through the use of physical force intimidation or coercion It includes attempts to force a person into sexual activity However attempts are not separately identified It includes rape attempted rape aggravated sexual assault assault with a weapon indecent assault penetration by objects and forced sexual activity that did not end in penetration It excludes unwanted sexual touching and incidents which occurred before the age of 15 In
104. pays service Specialists are on hand to help you with analytical or methodological advice PHONE 1300 135 070 EMAIL client services Qabs gov au FAX 1300 135 211 POST Client Services ABS GPO Box 796 Sydney NSW 2001 FREE ACCESS TO STATISTICS All ABS statistics can be downloaded free of charge from the ABS web site WEB ADDRESS www abs gov au 2000001516119 RRP 11 00 55 55 5 5 5 5 5 Commonwealth of Australia 2006 Produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics e 00 88 0 906Ff HddVd NOILVWUYOANI AJAYNS ALAAVS 1VNOSH3d 3din9 uasn VITV4LSNV soo0oz
105. pe female was selected for interview Dwellings selected in the sample were divided into workloads Each workload averaged 25 dwellings and was completed over a two week period Each interviewer was responsible for approximately 5 workloads and the survey was enumerated over a five month period from August to December 2005 In total a sample of approximately 26 000 households were selected The sample was designed to achieve the desired sample of about 16 500 responding households taking account of an expected rate of sample loss e g vacant dwellings dwellings under construction etc of 13 and non response of 1396 DATA COLLECTION While generally the standard ABS approach was followed as with all surveys there were Survey Procedures also specific field procedures applied reflecting the nature and content of the survey The aims of these procedures were to ensure a high level of response and to ensure the safety of both respondents and interviewers 060606000000000006090090909090909090909090909090909099099090990909909909909909909909006906900600 69069006006090909099099090900000000000000000000000600006000000000000009092999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 7 CHAPTER 3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY continued 9 9 0 9 0 9 90 ee 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 9
106. plete any of their normal household duties and arranged for a relative to do them or they were unable to attend their regular leisure activities because the perpetrator would be there Social or leisure activities Includes formal and informal social activities e g having friends over for dinner or playing organised sport Work Includes paid work regardless of hours worked Includes changing hours of work duties performed or taking leave Excludes voluntary work Child care Caring for children in own home or another person s home Excludes employment as a child care worker which is recorded as work Home security Includes installing and or upgrading door or window locks installation of a security system improving external lighting e g adding additional external lighting or installing sensor lights removing bushes or shrubs close to the house to improve visibility getting a dog and or having another person move in Manipulation isolation or intimidation by a current partner Includes persistent behaviour that seeks to control the respondent s behaviour and contact with others Tried to prevent contact witb family or friends Long term prevention of contact with family relatives or friends including those overseas Tried to prevent use of tbe telepbone or family car Excludes the occasional situation where a person has not been able to use the car because their partner needs it or not being able to use the telephone because the
107. revious partner they were also asked if they had experienced anxiety or fear when they lived with their previous partner Anxiety or fear for personal safety was also collected in relation to the most recent incident of stalking Anxiety for personal safety Distress or uneasiness of mind resulting from apprehension of danger or misfortune The anxiety or worry may be accompanied by restlessness or feeling on edge difficulty concentrating or mind going blank irritability muscle tension or sleep disturbance Fear for personal safety Includes fear of reprisals or the recurrence of a similar incident by either the perpetrator or another person It excludes fear for the person s children Experienced anxiety or fear when living with previous partner A broader concept than anxiety or fear for personal safety incorporating the generalised fear which a person may have experienced as a result of living with the perpetrator of the violence Includes fear of leaving the house fear of men and or women in general and fear for their children s safety An incident other than a robbery where the respondent was threatened with force or violence or physically attacked See Physical assault and Sexual assault People who had children in their long term care reported whether or not these children saw or heard the violence by a current and or previous partner The children may have been the person s or their partner s own children stepchildren adopted
108. ry effort is made to reduce non sampling error to a minimum by careful design of questionnaires intensive training and supervision of interviewers and efficient operating procedures CALCULATION OF STANDARD 6 Anexample of the calculation and the use of SEs in relation to estimates of persons is ERRORS as follows 7 From table 3 13 the estimate of the number of women who were married or in a de facto relationship who experienced physical violence by a man during the last 12 months is 151 000 Since the estimate is between 100 000 and 200 000 the standard error for Australia will be between 11 800 and 16 200 taken from the standard error column of table A and can be approximated to 14 000 rounded to the nearest 100 Therefore there are about two chances in three that the value that would have been produced if all dwellings had been included in the survey fall in the range of 137 000 to 165 000 and about nineteen chances in twenty that the value will fall within the range of 123 000 to 179 000 8 The smaller the estimate the higher is the relative standard error Very small estimates are thus subject to such high standard errors relative to the size of the estimate as to detract seriously from their value for most reasonable uses 5555 5555 555 5555 555 6
109. s From own unincorporated business or share in a partnership Any Government pension benefit or allowance Payments made by overseas governments as well as the Australian government Any other regular source Regular income is defined as at least one payment a year Respondent s or partner s gross income that is the amount they receive before tax and other expenses are taken out 0606060000000600000900900909090909090999909090909090909090909909909909909909909909090600 60699060600690900000009000000000000000000000000000006000000000099099929299 54 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 GLOSSARY continued 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 Income ranges continued Injured Involvement of alcohol or another substance Language first spoken Left property or assets Length of relationship before first incident by partner Level of highest non school qualification Location Main source of income The person in the household that provides the largest income Housebold income This is a total income from all sources for all members of their household aged 15 years or over e g independent children other relatives or unrelated people living in the household As a result of the most r
110. s have different names for violence orders e g apprehended violence order AVO domestic violence order DVO intervention order etc Includes orders which have been issued by the court and interim orders Includes an increase in the number or severity of violent incidents by a current or previous partner during pregnancy separation or after the relationship ended Whether the police were contacted about the most recent incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault threatened or attempted physical assault and or stalking The contact with police may have been by the person or another person Includes contacting the police by phone or in person 06060000060000000000000000000000000009999929299 PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 FOR MORE INFORMATION www abs gov au the ABS web site is the best place for data from our publications and information about the ABS INTERNET LIBRARY A range of ABS publications are available from public and tertiary libraries Australia wide Contact your nearest library to determine whether it has the ABS statistics you require or visit our web site for a list of libraries INFORMATION AND REFERRAL SERVICE Our consultants can help you access the full range of information published by the ABS that is available free of charge from our web site or purchase a hard copy publication Information tailored to your needs can also be requested as a user
111. s hotels bars taverns and licensed restaurants and the areas surrounding these premises such as on the footpath in a beer garden or carpark of a pub or hotel Using public transport Includes waiting for or using any vehicle where a fare is charged such as buses trains trams coaches taxis ships and aircraft Outside Includes university campuses streets sidewalks or footpaths parks forests or bushland rural areas etc In an institution Includes gaols jails mental institutions nursing homes hospitals boarding schools colleges and orphanages At a sporting venue Includes playing fields stadiums sporting grounds etc If the person did not tell police about the most recent incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault threatened or attempted physical assault and or stalking and neither did anyone else they were asked why they decided not to contact the police Sbame or embarrassment Includes reasons such as did not want to make trouble that the person considered it to be a family problem that they were asked not to by someone in the family or that they did not want anybody to know about the incident Cultural reasons Includes fear of police because of experiences in their country of origin thinks that police believe violence against women or men is accepted as part of other cultures belief that the police are racist not being able to talk to anyone other than their husband or wife viol
112. significant by the respondent Consideration was given as to whether unwanted sexual touching and or emotional abuse should be included in the definition of violence It was decided to exclude them from the definition of violence because of the high degree of subjectivity associated with measuring these concepts and because although some forms of unwanted sexual touching may in fact constitute a criminal offence many would not In this way the definition of sexual violence was limited to more serious incidents In defining physical and sexual violence threats and attempts of assault were treated differently For physical violence threats and attempts were combined and physical assault was collected separately by a range of types of assault For sexual violence sexual assault included attempts while information about threats was collected 555 55 555 5 5555 5 555 5555 5555 555 5555 5555 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 3 CHAPTER 2 SURVEY CONTENT continued 9 9 0 9 0 0 o 0 coo 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9
113. size and one block was selected from each CD with probability proportional to the number of dwellings in the block a within each selected block a list of all private dwellings was prepared and a systematic random sample of dwellings was selected In non metropolitan areas an extra stage of selection was introduced to optimise the efficiency of the sample CDs were first formed into groups with about 2 to 5 CDs in each group Each CD group was coded to the location of the nearest interview A sample of CD groups was then chosen with probability inversely proportional to the distance of the CD group from its assigned interviewer Dwelling selection then proceeded as described above for the metropolitan areas In both metropolitan and non metropolitan regions in order to target the differential numbers of male and female sample selected CDs were assigned a gender One in scope person was randomly selected from each dwelling In a female CD the person selected to be interviewed was generally a female The only exemption was where a selected household contained no females in scope e g an all male household no females aged 18 years and over in which case an in scope male was selected for interview In a male CD the person selected to be interviewed was generally a male The only exception to this was where a selected household contained no males in scope i e an all female household no males aged 18 years and over in which case an in sco
114. sure or social activities Followed Watched Interfered with or damaged property Gave or left offensive or disturbing material where it could be found Telephoned sent mail or contacted electronically with the intent to harm or frighten 98 Perpetrator followed and watched respondent on same occasion Followed and watched on the same occasion Not followed and watched on the same occasion 99 More than one stalking More than one action of stalking by perpetrator One action of stalking by perpetrator 100 More than one incident by certain perpetrator type Followed and watched more than once Followed and watched once VIOLENCE 101 Sex of perpetrator in most recent incident Male Female Total 102 Violence was physical or sexual in most recent incident Physical violence Sexual violence Total 103 Violence was assault or threat in most recent incident Assault Threat Total 0606060000000000000900909090909090999909090909090909090909909909909909909909909906990600696906060690600600000090900000000000000000000000000000000000009099999299 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 37 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0 9 9 90 9 0 0 eo 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 VIOLENCE 104 Relationship to perpetrator continued
115. t the ABS released confidentialised data files on floppy disk or CD ROM To better meet needs for access to micro data in 2003 the ABS introduced a new facility whereby approved users of the data were granted remote access to confidentialised data files which were retained in the ABS this facility is called the Remote Access Data Laboratory RADL This enables greater security around access to and use of the file and by effectively removing the risk of matching to other data sources RADL enables more detailed information to be made available to users than could be released on CD ROM An expanded confidentialised unit record file will be released from the 2005 PSS through RADL It is expected that this data file will be available from September 2006 Release of all confidentialised unit record information is subject to the approval of the Australian Statistician and is contingent upon users of the file agreeing in writing to abide by the legislative restrictions on use and such other conditions of sale as may be determined by the Australian Statistician These include use of the data for statistical purposes only not attempting to identify particular persons or organisations and not 060606060606000000000000900900090909090909090999909909090909090990990990990990990990990990909909909006060060060600600060060000c0c006060099 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 CHAPTER 6 DATA 9 9
116. t of 41 00 from ABS bookshops or can be downloaded from the ABS website free of charge This publication contains summary data on personal safety issues such as people s fears for their personal safety people s experiences of sexual and physical assault people s experience of partner violence people s experiences of stalking experience of emotional abuse experience of child abuse socio demographic information actions people took after these experiences such as contacting police or victim support services and effects on people of incidents of violence Data are classified by demographic characteristics The publication includes some state and territory data and some comparisons with the 1996 Women s Safety Survey cat no 4128 0 The ABS is required by legislation not to release information in a manner that is likely to enable the identification of a particular person or organisation To meet this requirement in releasing micro data the ABS aims to protect against two main types of risk spontaneous recognition and matching against other data sources In order to ensure the confidentiality of respondents the ABS usually removes some items from the micro data it makes available and reduces the level of detail shown for some other items However in this process the ABS is conscious of the need to find an appropriate balance between ensuring confidentiality while maximising the usefulness of the data set to users of the data In the pas
117. tened suicide None of these 115 How long ago was abuse Experienced threatened physical assault during last 12 months Did not experience threatened physical assault during last 12 months 06060600000009000000900909090909090999990909090909090909090990990990990990990990990990060699006069000600000009090000000000000000000000000000000000000990999999 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 39 APPENDIX 1 DATA ITEMS LIST continued 9 9 0 9 o 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 VIOLENCE 116 Physical assault behaviours continued Throw anything at you that could hurt you Push grab or shove you Slap you Kick bite or hit you with a fist Hit you with something else that could hurt you Beat you Choke you Stab you with a knife Shoot you with a gun Any other type of physical assault None of these 117 Physical threat behaviours Threatened or tried to hit with a fist or anything else that could hurt Threatened or tried to stab with a knife Threatened or tried to shoot with a gun Threatened or tried to physically hurt in any other way 118 Whether alcohol or drugs involved Respondent had been drinking Respondent had been taking drugs Respondent believed that additional alcohol had been added to their drink without their consent
118. the instrument or subsequently coded by office staff s Running prompt In these questions predetermined response categories were read out to the respondent one at a time until the respondent indicated agreement to one or more of the categories as appropriate to the topic or until all predetermined categories were exhausted z Prompt cards Printed lists covering the range of possible answers to the question were shown to the respondent who was asked to select the most relevant response By listing a set of possible responses either in the form of a prompt card or running prompt question the prompt served to clarify the question or to present various alternatives to refresh the respondent s memory and at the same time assist the respondent to select an appropriate response Open ended question A question was placed at the end of the instrument which allowed respondents to raise issues which had not been covered in the preceding questions It was not coded in the survey processing The CAI instrument offered important advantages over the paper questionnaires used in the past These included the ability to check the responses entered against previous responses to reduce data entry errors by interviewers and to enable seemingly inconsistent responses to be clarified with respondents at the time of the interview The audit trail recorded in the instrument also provides valuable information about the operation of particular questi
119. to take off from paid work or work without pay in a family business which was due to the incident 0606000000000000000000600006000000000099099929299 PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 GLOSSARY continued 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 09 Other incidents Partner violence Perpetrator went to court Physical abuse Physical assault Physical violence Police action taken Population Pregnancy during relationship with partner Professional help 0606060000000006006000000000099909929299 Other incidents of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault and or threatened or attempted physical assault if the person has experienced multiple incidents Excludes other perpetrators involved in the most recent incident Any incident of sexual assault threatened sexual assault physical assault or threatened or attempted physical assault by a current and or previous partner As a result of being charged over the most recent incident Includes family and magistrates court and cases that were still pending Any deliberate physical injury including bruises inflicted by an adult Discipline that accidentally resulted in an injury is excluded The use of physical force with the i
120. ue to inaccuracies in the lists of dwellings in the selected areas In addition some people may have been inadvertently included or excluded due to difficulties in applying the scope rules for household visitors or people over 18 years However since the ABS has gained considerable experience in these procedures over many years any resultant errors are considered to be minimal Response errors may arise through ambiguous or misleading questions or inadequate or inconsistent definitions of terms used Thorough testing of the CAI instrument aimed to minimise problems associated with sequencing of questions content and order of the questions During testing particular attention was given to the wording of questions and respondent interpretation of them as well as to the interviewer instructions which support the CAI instrument to ensure that information collected fitted within the relevant definitions 06060000000000009009009090909090909999090909090990990909909099099099099099099090609 606906060 690900600000090900000000000000000000000600000000000000909099929299 ABS PERSONAL SAFETY SURVEY USER GUIDE 4906 0 55 003 2005 17 CHAPTER 5 DATA QUALITY continued 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 90 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 Response errors continued Rec
121. when it began whether it had stopped duration of stalking whether respondent regarded the stalking as a crime police contact or main reason decided not to contact the police time off work in the 12 months after the stalking started a anxiety or fear experienced in the 12 months after the stalking started and during the last 12 months changes in aspects of life resulting from anxiety or fear in the 12 months after the stalking started All respondents were asked about their feelings of safety when alone in selected situations such as using and waiting for public transport after dark walking in their local area after dark and when home in the evening They were also asked about their experience of various forms of harassment including whether they had received an obscene telephone call experienced a person indecently exposing themselves received unwanted comments about their body or sex life or experienced unwanted sexual touching This information was only collected from respondents who were currently married or in a de facto relationship The questions sought to determine if a respondent had experienced manipulation isolation or intimidation by a current partner Interviewers were provided with detailed definitions of each type of abuse to assist respondents who had difficulty interpreting the questions All respondents were asked if they had experienced physical or sexual abuse before the age of 15 06060000
122. worked 35 hours or more in their main job were classified as working full time Relates to violence by a current and or previous partner If the frequency of violence changed for example depending on the time of the year then the person was asked to determine how often the assaults occurred overall If a person reported violence by more than one previous partner this relates to the partner who was violent to them in the most recent incident i e the most recently violent previous partner Relates to people s feelings of safety in various situations when they are alone If a person had only a young child with them they were treated as being alone Using and waiting for public transport alone after dark Includes using and waiting for buses trains trams taxis and ferries Walking alone in the local area after dark Includes the person s neighbourhood or suburb A person who was walking their dog was considered to be alone unless they were accompanied by another person Relates to a range of disturbing situations that a person may have experienced Obscene phone call Refers to a telephone call that the receiver felt was indecent or improper due to the sexual content of the message Includes phone calls in which profanity was used or any other type of obscene message Includes phone calls involving racial vilification Excludes SMS or text messages which are regarded as stalking Indecent exposure The act of exposing genitals where the
123. ype of physical assault was included In the WSS this item included verbal and or physical intent to inflict physical harm which the person believed was able and likely to be carried out It excluded incidents which occurred before the age of 15 Various types of physical attempt or threat were identified In the PSS separate questions were asked for attempt threat and actual assault New item in PSS This is asked only of those respondents who spoke another language other than English at home It is the respondents perception of how well they speak English In the WSS people who did not use any crisis legal or financial help recorded all the reasons why they did not use them In the PSS this was split into 4 questions aimed at finding out why they didn t used each specific service and the same categories were asked about each type of service Cultural language reasons In the WSS this included the inability to communicate well enough in English to use services and cultural and religious reasons such as not being able to talk to anyone other than their partner In the PSS the category was split into Cultural reasons and Language reasons Couldn t afford Couldn t get an appointment Couldn t get through unable to contact service Did not want to ask for help Did not need or want service Friend neighbour acquaintance was a single category in WSS that was split as follows in the PSS Friend Neighbour acquaintan

4906.0.55.003 Personal Safety Survey, Australia: User Guide (2005)

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents