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User manual for CaneLCA Eco-efficiency Calculator V1.01

1. Nutrients applied N sources MELO ARALICA CIA Shipping supplying nutrients Emissions to the environment Plant cane Ratoon cane Break crop Interrow crop Fallow Headland Other Dunder m 3 465 8 870 Mill mud m Ash m Mill mud ash mix m Syntheic fertilisers Urea kg 5 567 19 584 Diammonium phosphate ke 895 3 578 DAP Potassium chloride KCI kg 1 146 4 584 Ammonium sulphate la 620 2 478 Granam Ameliorants Lime agricultural 25 Dolomite t Gypsum 1 Organic fertilisers mill la 2 310 7 392 by products Synthetic fertilisers kg 600 3 000 Nitrogen fixation by la 1 000 legume crops Crop residues cane and la 1 100 3 650 1 392 break crops Total N N kg 4 010 14 042 2 392 Total P P kg 210 840 Total K K kg 1 380 4 896 Total S S kg 306 1 080 overseas frieght tkm 80 554 290 017 Truck articulated general road freight tkm 1 583 6 065 Rail bulk rail freight tkm 1 342 5 368 Rigid truck 25t load tkm 1 250 12t load tkm 5tload tkm 30 150 Nitrous oxide N20 to air from applied N kg 57 2 204 1 from crop residues kg 13 8 45 6 from leaching runoff kg 11 2 40 2 from redeposition of k E 20 volatilised N E j Carbon dioxide CO2 to air from lime dolomite kg 9 900 0 N to water to leaching runoff kg 572 7 2 045 1 P to water to runoff kg 26 9 107 5 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 ted parameters Calcula 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00
2. e gt a plant cane Lime Spreader truck 1 0 1 0 30 0 20 0 10 0 2 38 2 lo 2 T E lt x Total fuel use L 663 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 18 Sheet 4 Pest Management In this sheet information is collected about the pesticides applied to each area so the tool can calculate the embodied impacts of producing pesticide products the impacts of transporting pesticide products from manufacturers to the farm the fuel use for applying them and the pesticide active ingredients that may be released to the environment to water 4 1 Practices First provide a descriptor of the pest management practices for the assessed scenario by either selecting from the drop down menu options or entering your own descriptor 4 2 Pesticides applied Enter the names of the pesticide products applied into the appropriate section depending on whether they are herbicides insecticides or fungicide See an example in Figure 11 As numerous applications are common especially for herbicides data entry can be repetitive and the table can fill up quickly To avoid this try to combine multiple applications of the same product into a single entry by using the number of applications column For each pesticide product enter the number of applications and the application rate of pesticide product kg ha or L ha If the pesticide product is applied to only part of an area then en
3. the fuel use for applying them and the nutrients released to the environment air and water 3 1 Practices First provide a descriptor of the nutrient management practices for the assessed scenario by either selecting from the drop down menu options or entering your own descriptor 3 2 Synthetic fertilisers ameliorants and minerals applied Enter the nutrient product s applied into the appropriate table depending on whether they are mill by products organic fertilisers synthetic fertilizers or ameliorants See an example in Figure 8 For mill by products and ameliorants the products can be selected from the drop down menu Table 3 and for synthetic fertilisers the name of the fertiliser products is entered directly For each nutrient product enter the number of applications and the application rate so the tool can calculate the total amount of product applied to each area over the growing period If the nutrient product is applied to only part of an area then enter this area If left blank the tool will assume it is applied to the whole area For mill by products organic fertilisers and synthetic fertilisers enter the nutrient content so the tool can calculate the amount of nutrients N P K and S applied Also enter an estimate of how much of the product remains on the soil surface after application This value will be 0 if applied sub surface and 100 if surface applied For mill by products organic fer
4. 36 4 Pest management 05 05 2013 Pesticide active Herbicides ingredients Al applied Emissions to the Herbicide Al environment Transport effort for supplying pesticides Plant cane Ratoon cane Break crop Interrow crop Fallow Headland Other 2 4D kg 49 6 Ametryn kg 30 0 Asulam kg Atrazine kg 138 0 Diuron kg Fluroxypyr kg 20 8 Glyphosate kg Hexazinone kg Imazapic kg Isoxaflutole kg MCPA kg Metolachlor kg Metribuzin kg MSMA kg 10 0 Paraquat kg 273 Pendimethalin kg Trifluralin kg Insecticides Aldicarb kg Carbaryl kg Chlorpyrifos kg Fipronil kg 1 5 Imidacloprid kg 15 0 Fungicides Mercury Memc kg Propiconazole kg 0 5 to runoff kg 3 1 Yi Insecticide Al to runoff kg 0 2 Fungicide Al to runoff kg Shipping overseas frieght tkm 2 668 845 Articulated truck general road freight tkm 764 285 Rigid truck general road freight tkm 8 3 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 37 5 Harvesting Fate of harvest Removed residues Burnt pre or post harvest Retained 100 100 100 Emissions to the Methane CHa to air from cane burning kg environment Nitrous oxide N20 to air from cane burning kg Nitrogen oxides NOx to air from cane burning kg Carbon monoxide CO to air from cane burning kg Volatile organic compounds como la VOC to air Sugar loss to water from harvesting kg 22 72 6 Wat
5. 3 Energy use for water pumping Fuel type used Diesel 100 Biodiesel 0 Total must be 100 User s estimate Descriptor of pumping Energy source UL SEL Head pressure Pumping wals estimate i of energy use Tool to convert units of pressure a Volume pumped ML if pressured added at SA pumping energy E operation m efficiency L or kWh from psi to meters m the farm L or kWh OPTIONAL Furrow 280 Electricity 10 0 60 12 717 L kWh 5 kPa Hand shift 70 Fuel 80 0 30 4 819 5 30 207 20 7 s f Typical head pressures for irrigation systems E L Furrow river 10m P Furrow bore 45m Centre pivot linear move river 40m Centre pivot linear move bore 70m Overhead spray river 55m Overhead spray bore 65m 5 Water reclamation 54 Traveller medium pressure river 85m 5 Traveller medium pressure bore 90m 2 Traveller high pressure 120m Drip 50m Summary of energy use for water management Energy used for irrigation Energy used for irrigation Energy used for Ti of fuel E esa total allocated to cane other pumping Diesel L 4 819 4 819 Electricity kWh 12 717 12 717 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 29 Sheet 7 Other activities In this sheet information is collected about headland slashing and farm vehicle use 7 1 Headland slashing and management After specifying the type of
6. CO2 from carbonation of dolomite CaMg CO3 2 Nitrogen N fraction prone to runoff leaching u Nitrogen N exported via runoff and leaching 2 o a Phosphorous P exported via runoff 2 2 Pesticide active ingredients exported via runoff and leaching wn E W Fraction of lost sugar exported to runoff in post harvest rainfall events 05 05 2013 0 0125 0 0100 0 0125 0 1313 0 2313 0 0875 0 1625 0 3960 0 4530 0 6560 0 3000 0 1280 0 0150 0 5000 kg N20 N kg N applied kg N20 N kg N redeposited kg N20 N kg N leached ruoff kg N kg N surface applied kg N kg N surface applied kg N kg N surface applied kg N kg N surface applied kg CO2 kg limestone applied kg CO2 kg dolomite appied kg N kg N applied kg N kg N applied kg P kg P applied kg Al kg Al applied kg sucrose kg in field sugar loss User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 DCCEE 2010 DCCEE 2010 DCCEE 2010 Chapman et al 1995 Chapman et al 1995 Chapman et al 1995 Chapman et al 1995 DCCEE 2010 DCCEE 2010 DCCEE 2010 DCCEE 2010 Bloesch etal 1997 Hamilton and Haydon 1996 estimate 32 Reviewing results Sheet 9 Input Summary This worksheet reports the key cane growing input and output parameters generated by the tool based on the data entered by the user See an example in Figure 19 It summarises the inputs of resources to the f
7. EA RRA Carbon footprint we we wl ow Water use w Ww Ww YE J Water quality risk wi wi ow w from nutrients Water quality risk ww ow ow wi w from toxic 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Fuel use Water management Nitrous oxide N20 from denitrification of N to air Tractor truck vehicle operation Nutrient management Carbon doxide CO from carbonation of lime to air Capital goods Nutrient N and P emissions to water Production of synthetic fertilisers and ameliorants Emissions of herbicide to water Emissions of insecticide to water Transport Pesticide management Emissions of fungicide to water Production of pesticides E Cane burning emissions to air ie Organic emissons to water from sugar loss Cane harvester operation Harvester operation for other crops Harvesting Intended users 80 90 100 El Energy for pumping water on farm Water supply including energy for upstream pumping of water Production of machinery Production of on farm irrigation infrastructure Transport of fertilisers shipping from overseas Transport of fertilisers and ameliorants road freight Transport of fertilisers and ameliorants rail freight Transport of fertilisers and ameliorants local truck delivery Transport of pesticides shipping and road freight CaneLCA has been designed to be used by agricultural and extension advisors who provide technical support to sugarcane pr
8. Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 6 INSTRUCTIONS Before you start Defining the sugarcane growing operation to be assessed CaneLCA is designed to assess a sugarcane growing operation made up of up to seven 7 different production areas areas under cane areas under other crops break crops and other areas fallow headland etc Before starting an assessment consider the cane growing operation to be assessed and the production areas within it The user will need to define the areas to be included at the start of the assessment Working through the tool Complete each of the data entry worksheets from Sheet 1 to Sheet 7 Sheet 1 Farm Details must be completed first to define production areas and then Sheets 2 to 7 can be completed in any order Sheet 8 Emissions Factors only needs to be completed if the user wishes to modify the default environmental emissions factors applied by the tool Sheet 9 Summary of Inputs and Sheet 10 Results can be accessed and reviewed at any time during the assessment However the outputs will not be final until all the relevant data is entered into Sheets 1 7 Pop up instructions The tool contains some instructions as pop up comments that are revealed when the user scrolls over the relevant cell Cells with instructions can be identified by the red triangle in the corner Entering data The data and information required by the tool is entered into the WHITE cells of the data
9. Sheets 1 8 Cane growing practices entered by the user per area INPUT SUMMARY Sheet 9 Cane growing parameters calculated by the tool per t cane RESULTS Sheet 10 Eco efficiency indicators calculated by the tool as a of industry ranges 1 Farm details 4 Pest management crop production details cane crop area amp yields break crop area amp yields headland area machinery in service 2 Soil management application rates for herbicides insecticides fungicides tractor operations for applying pesticides details of soil work row width tractor operations implements used 5 Harvesting type of harvesting harvesting efficiency residue management 3 Nutrient m gnt 6 Water management application rates for fertilisers mill by products ameliorants tractor operations for applying nutrients 05 05 2013 volumes pumped energy for pumping 7 Other activities agro chemical inputs kg water use L urea DAP Granam KCI pesticide active ingredients lime dolomite gypsum on farm energy use MJ or kWh fuel electricity use for tractors harvesters farm vehicles irrigation machinery production kg tractors harvesters irrigation infrastructure for irrigation transport effort tkm for supplying inputs shipping rail frieght road frieght emissions kg n
10. comparing between different farms or regions as the normalisation process used to generate the eco efficiency results is broad and does not account for the different environmental conditions in different regions About this instruction manual This manual contains detailed instructions for operating CaneLCA Each section in the manual aligns with each worksheet of the CaneLCA tool The CaneLCA tool also contains brief instructions as pop up comments that are revealed when the user scrolls over the relevant cell Cells with instructions can be identified by the red triangle in the corner The methods used within the tool are described in a separate document titled Methods for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator which can be obtained by contacting Marguerite Renouf m renouf uq edu au Access to CaneLCA Copies of the CaneLCA tool and the support documentation can be requested from Marguerite Renouf m renouf uq edu au or Peter Allsopp PAllsopp bses com au It is available for MS Excel 2010 as well as earlier versions of Excel 97 2003 Support and feedback If you experience difficulties using CaneLCA please contact Marguerite Renouf 0478 220551 m renouf uq edu au who can provide support over the phone or by email Alternatively you can provide written feedback to the developers by emailing Marguerite Renouf m renouf uq edu au or Peter Allsopp PAllsopp bses com au 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA
11. emissions for the harvest and haulout of cane and other crops the sugar lost during harvesting and emissions from the burning of harvest residues 5 1 Harvest and haulout operations First select the type of fuel used diesel or bio diesel Then enter the harvester operations that take place for all area in the appropriate section of the table depending on whether it is cane harvesting or other crop harvesting For each harvesting operation select the type of machinery used If only part of an area is harvested then enter this area If left blank the tool will assume it the whole area is harvested Review the tool s estimate of fuel use for harvest and haulout L t crop The user can enter their own estimate for the rate of fuel use L t if available which will overwrite the tool s estimates 5 2 Cane harvester efficiency and sugar loss In this section information about the factors that influence harvesting efficiency and sugar loss are entered so that tool can estimate the potential for sugar loss from the farm For each cane harvesting operation select the harvester fan type 4 or 4 5 5 and enter the fan speed Review the tool s estimate of in field sugar loss from harvesting The user s own estimates can be entered if know which will overwrite the tool s estimate 5 4 Fate of harvest residues For each harvested area cane and other crops select the harvesting practice from the drop down menu
12. entry sheets Sheets 1 7 Information and data can be entered either by using the drop down menus provided or by entering a value directly Click on the white cells to see if there is a drop down menu for that item which will appear as an arrow box to the right of the cell If there is no drop down menu then enter a value directly The shaded cells are fields where the tool automatically enters calculated results and are protected 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 7 Data entry Sheet 1 Farm details 1 1 Identifiers In this section enter the name of the farming operation to be assessed and select the relevant region from the drop down menu Fields are also provided to record the assessor s name and organisation assessment date scenario identifier and comments 1 2 Cane production details Details of sugarcane crop rotation are entered so the tool can calculate overall cane production First define the typical growing period for the scenario assessed by selecting either 1 year or 2 years from the drop down menu In Queensland cane crops are typically grown for 1 year before harvesting hence the growing period will be 1 year In NSW part of the crop may be harvested after the first year and the remainder stood over into a second year in which case a 2 year growing period should be selected The selection of a 1 year or 2 year growing period defines the timeframe of the assessment If
13. fuel used for headland slashing enter the area slashed the number of times slashed over the growing period and the operating rate of the slasher Then select from the drop down menus the type of machinery and implement used If the required machinery or implement items are not on the drop down list then add them to the user s machinery list in section 1 4 on Sheet 1 Farm Detail 7 2 Farm vehicle use After specifying the type of fuel used in farm vehicles select from the drop down menu the type of farm vehicle s used and enter the distance travelled over the growing period Sheet 8 Emission factors This section lists the default emission factors EF that are used by the tool to estimate on farm emissions to the environment Figure 18 Wherever possible recognised and published EFs have been used However the user can overwrite these values by entering values more relevant to the scenario being assessed 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 30 Figure 17 Example of headland slashing and farm vehicle use 7 1 Headland slashing and management Fuel type used Diesel 100 Biodiesel Total must be 100 Load factor Heavy No of times Area treated ha Machinery used Implement used 1 2 Normal 1 0 treated over 5 Small tractor 100HP Slasher 08 Light 0 8 growing period Operating rate ha hr Rate of fuel use L ha Tool s estimate 1 200 User s estimat
14. kg N kg N surface applied Ammonia NH3 from volatilisation of dunder N surface applied to trash 0 163 kg N kg N surface applied CO2 from carbonation of limestone CaCO3 0 396 kg CO2 kg limestone applied Assessor s name CO2 from carbonation of dolomite CaMg CO3 2 0 453 kg CO2 kg dolomite appied Assessment date 5 05 2013 issii i i i kg N kg N lied CaneLCA version V1 Issued 05 05 2013 Emissions to Nitrogen N exported via runoff and leaching 0 300 g N kg N applie water Phosphorous P exported via runoff 0 128 kg P kg P applied Pesticide active ingredients exported via runoff and leaching 0 015 kg Al kg Al applied Farm areas included x m Harvested yield Harvested E Area identifier Area ha A in the assessment t ha production t Plant cane 20 110 2 200 Fraction of lost sugar exported to runoff in post harvest rainfall events 0 500 kg sucrose kg in field sugar loss Ratoon cane 80 91 7 300 Break crop 20 50 ESSE SH Machinery units Tractors 3 0 092 kg tractor t cane Interrow crop Cane harvesters 1 0 003 kg cane harvester t cane Fallow Other harvesters 1 0 001 kg other harvester t cane Headland 5 Trucks 1 0 001 kg truck t cane Other Planes 1 0 000 kg plane t cane Total farm area 125 Cane production 9 500 Helicopters Implements 13 0 041 kg implement t cane ERASE INEA Row spacing m 15 Irrigation Travelling
15. nutrients applied Nitrogen applied kg ha Phosphorus applied kg ha Potassium applied kg ha Sulphur applied kg ha Total N available Total P available Total K available y a 4 kg e Synthetic kg Synthetic kg synthetic Total S available kg Mill by products Synthetic fertilisers Crop residues Mill by products ine Mill by products ae Mill by products nas fertilisers fertilisers fertilisers Plant cane 115 5 30 0 55 0 4 010 10 5 210 39 0 30 0 1 380 7 8 75 306 Ratoon cane 92 4 37 5 45 6 14 042 10 5 840 31 2 30 0 4 896 6 0 75 1 080 Break crop 69 6 2 392 Interrow crop Fallow Headland Other Totals 20 444 1 050 6 276 1 386 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 17 Figure 10 Example of machinery operations for nutrient application 3 3 Machinery operations for applying nutrients Fuel type Diesel 100 Biodiesel 0 Total must be 100 Area descriptor Nutrient product applied Machinery used Implement used Width treated by implement 0 Load factor Heavy 1 2 Normal 1 0 Light 0 8 No of rows treated by Speed km hr implement No of passes Rate of fuel use L ha Tool s estimate User s estimate Fuel use L operation Plant cane Plant mix Small tractor 100HP Fertiliser box 0 8 1 0 3 0 2 0 8 0 6 125 Ratoon cane Ratoon mix Small tractor 100HP Fertiliser box 0 8 1 0 3 0 2 0 8 0 6 500 wn pd o 2 Pa D Ped 2 5 D E
16. the above methods In the Summary of water extraction and pumping review the quantities of water estimated to be pumped from each sources and make any required adjustments to the entered values as necessary 6 3 Energy used for water pumping In this section the previously specified details about water pumping are automatically populated into the table and the user adds details so that the energy used for pumping can be calculated See an example in Figure 16 For each pump outlet select from the drop down menu the energy source for pumping electricity or fuel then enter the head pressure and the overall pumping efficiency Only include the pressure added at the farm not pressure the water is received at If necessary refer to the typical head pressures for different irrigation systems and water sources provided in the sheet The pumping efficiency refers to the overall efficiency of pumping of the pump and motor combined Pumping efficiency is typically 50 70 for electric pumps amp 25 30 for diesel pumps Review the tool s estimate of pumping energy and enter the user s own estimates if known which will overwrite the tool s estimates In the Summary of energy use for pumping review the total energy use across all areas and make any adjustments to the entered values as necessary 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 Figure 15 Example of volumes of wa
17. Research and Development Corporation SRDC Project UQ045 CaneLCA is based on environmental life cycle assessment LCA It considers the environmental aspects across the life cycle of sugarcane production from cradle to farm gate see Figure 1 This includes the production of inputs to sugarcane growing fertilisers minerals chemicals capital goods water fuels and electricity the transport of inputs to the farm and the environmental emissions that occur on the farm It calculates environmental indicators for a range environmental aspects known to be important for sugarcane growing ENERGY USE CARBON FOOTPRINT WATER USE and WATER QUALITY CaneLCA is designed to make the LCA process as streamlined as possible for the user The user enters data describing the practices for a given sugarcane farm The tool then uses in built calculations assumptions and environmental emission factors to calculate the relative eco efficiency indicators per tonne of cane The results are presented as an environmental profile graph with eco efficiency ratings for each aspect see Figure 2 Users can interpret from the graph the sources of environmental impacts and opportunities for improving eco efficiency The assessment can be repeated for different combinations of cane growing practices so the user can compare the eco efficiency of different practice options Calculations performed in CaneLCA comply with LCA carbon footprinting standa
18. Sugar Research Australia Ltd eLibrary http elibrary sugarresearch com au Completed projects final reports Farming Systems and Production Management 2013 User manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 Price N http hdl handle net 11079 14235 Downloaded from Sugar Research Australia Ltd eLibrary THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND AUSTRALIA MESA Australian Government ma BSES E Sugarcane for the future gga Sugar Research and Development Corporation CaneLCA Eco Efficiency Calculator for Australian sugarcane producers Version 1 01 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 Prepared by Nicole Price Marguerite Renouf and Peter Allsopp 05 05 2013 CONTENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A ia ADOUECMELCA a dd a de dr e dd o dd do A Quick guide to using CaneLCaA ccccccsesececcececsssesseaeeeeeescsesnseseeececeseeseaaeseeeesseeseeseaaeaeeesecsseeseaaeeeseuseeseaaaeeeeess Note about using results from CaneLCA ccccccccccssssssssesecececssseseeeeececessesaaeeeceescessecseaaeaeeeeeseseeseaaeeeeesseeseaaeas About this OS TU A A e tata ACCESO Ta EO A E E E a bid SUupportiind tec dark A A A EA E A A AA E EAT INSTRUCTIONS ociosa accionaria ii de ia T Before you Saint A A A a id E tad be Se dd ee Data Ocio aa a a Ad AKES ARA da ARA Ad dd Sheet l Esrm detal de AC do de be eo e Led Soe Sheeti2 gt SOI WORK Sivas id A A A RIA A AE LA A ads 11 Shee
19. Table 7 For unharvested areas select not applicable Then enter the percentage of the harvest residue that is removed burnt pre harvest burnt post harvest or retained in the field as trash All entered percentages in each row need to add up to 100 Table 7 Type of harvesting Green cane harvesting Burnt cane harvesting Whole cane harvesting Other crop harvesting Not applicable 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 24 Figure 14 Example of harvest and haulout operations 5 1 Harvest and haulout operations Fuel type used Biodiesel Total must be 100 Rate of fuel use for harvest and haulout L t crop Area descriptor Area harvested ha OPTIONAL Machinery used Fuel use L operation Tool s estimate User s estimate Plant cane Contract cane harvester 1 04 2 284 Ratoon cane Contract cane harvester 1 16 8 468 Break crop Contract header Interrow crop 5 2 Cane harvester efficiency and sugar loss for green cane harvesting Rate of in field sugar loss during harvest In field sugar loss Area descriptor Fan type Fan speed RPM kg sugar t cane 3 Wet harvest days a f t sugar Tool s estimate User s estimate Plant cane 4 5 5 fan 500 0 10 0 2 20 Ratoon cane 4 5 5 fan 500 0 10 0 7 5 3 Fate of harvest residues Fate of harvest residues Area d ipt Ci t H ti ti Total must rea descriptor rop type arvesti
20. a 1 year growing period is selected then the tool will calculate environmental impacts per tonne of cane based on cane production over a 1 year period Similarly if a 2 year growing period is selected environmental impacts will be calculated based on cane production over a 2 year period This allows for stand over cane to be included as a crop class in the assessment Standover longer than 2 years cannot be included Data entered into subsequent sheets should be for the specified growing period In the tables select the type of plant cane and ratoon cane crops present on the assessed farm Table 1 and enter their respective areas and yields The tool uses this information to calculate the average yields and total cane production See Figure 4 for an example 1 2 Areas to be assessed In this section the areas to be included in the assessment are defined See Figure 5 for an example The tool allows for up to seven 7 different production areas areas under cane areas under other crops and other areas fallow headland etc These area descriptors will be used in the other data entry sheets so the user can describe the practices against each of the defined areas Details of the areas under cane are automatically populated from the data entered in Section 1 2 However an appropriate descriptor for the plant and ratoon cane crops needs to be selected Details of other crops and other areas need to be entered type area and yie
21. ach table enter a descriptor for each item of machinery or implement in service Against each item enter the power rating for machinery or size for implements the number in service and the expected life span If you don t know the expected life span leave blank and the tool will assume 20 years Machinery can include on farm machinery off farm machinery and aerial spraying On farm machinery refers to those owned and operated solely for use on the farm including tractors trucks and harvesters Do not list farm vehicles motorbikes quad bikes or irrigation equipment as these are accounted for in Section 7 Other activities and Section 6 Water management Off farm machinery refers to those employed under contract including contract harvesters contract billeting planters contract spraying and truck used for spreading ameliorants Do not list trucks used for delivering and spreading mill by products and organic fertilisers as these our outside the scope of the assessment Aerial crop spraying services are listed separately in the last section For each machinery item also indicate the percentage of the machinery s annual operation that is in service for the assessed farm and that should be allocated to the farm 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 10 Figure 6 Example of machinery and implement list 1 4 Machinery and implements Machinery list Implement list Allocation o
22. arias de de from nutrients Water quality risk from toxic substances Moi l Water quality risk wWowww Y from toxic 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Tractor truck vehicle operation Fuel use Water management a Energy for pumping water on farm Nutrient management ll oxide N20 from denitrification of N to air Water supply including energy for upstream pumping of water Carbon doxide CO2 from carbonation of lime to air Capital goods Production of machinery E Nutrient N and P emissions to water Production of on farm irrigation infrastructure _ Production of synthetic fertilisers and ameliorants Transport Transport of fertilisers shipping from overseas Pesticide management Emissions of herbicide to water Transport of fertilisers and ameliorants road freight Emissions of insecticide to water Transport of fertilisers and ameliorants rail freight Emissions of fungicide to water Transport of fertilisers and ameliorants local truck delivery Production of pesticides Transport of pesticides shipping and road freight Harvesting El Cane burning emissions to air Organic emissons to water from sugar loss Cane harvester operation Harvester operation for other crops 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01
23. arming operation fuel electricity nutrient products pesticides water transport and the output to the environment from the farming operation nitrogen phosphorus pesticides cane burning emissions The user can review these values to check that data has been entered correctly that it correctly represents the farm or scenario being assessed If necessary the user can go back to the data entry sheets to adjust the entered values The calculated parameters in the ORANGE shaded celled on the right hand side of this worksheet report the parameters per tonne of cane harvested sugarcane These values can be exported to other LCA software tools such as the LCA model for sugarcane milling developed by QUT and more general LCA software Simapro Gabi etc Sheet 10 Results This worksheet reports the final results from the life cycle assessment See an example in Figure 20 The results are presented as a bar graph depicting the environmental profile of the assessed farm for the five key environmental indicators FOSSIL FUEL USE CARBON FOOTPRINT WATER USE and WATER QUALITY RISKS from nutrients and from toxic substances The total length of each bar represents the scale of the impact compared with expected industry maximums For example a 50 result for carbon footprint means the assessed farm has a carbon footprint that is 50 less than the expected highest for the industry per tonne of harvested cane The colour cod
24. ble which will overwrite the tool s estimates See an example in Figure 7 Table 2 Soil work operations Purpose Type of operation Ground preparation Bed forming Grubbing Rolling Cane planting Billet cutting Harrowing Rotary hoeing Post cane planting Billet haulout Hilling up Row marking Break crop planting Billet planting Inter row cultivate Row profile shaping Ratoon management Centre busting Land levelling Scarifying Headland management Combine planter Marking out Scarifying Contract billet planting Mole draining Seed planting Cutting away Other Spray out Direct drill Ploughing Tillering Discing Raking Trash incorporation Break crop incorporation Raking following a burn Weed raking Filling in Ripping Zonal rotary hoeing 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 12 Figure 7 Example of machinery operations for soil work 2 1 Practices Soil management practices Best practice 2 2 Machinery operations for soil work Fuel type used Row spacing m 15 Calculator to convert yp E from feet ft to meters m Diesel 100 ft m Biodiesel 0 1 0 309 Total must be 100 Load factor i H TE Width treated No of rows Rate of fuel use L ha Fuel use r 4 P eavy 1 a Area descriptor Purpose Type of operation Machinery used Implement used X No of passes by impl
25. e 7 2 Farm vehicle use Fuel type used for diesel Fuel type used for petrol used E vehicles vehicles Desa 100 100 Biodiesel Bioethanol used Total must be 100 Total must be 100 Distance travelled Vehicle fuel efficiency L 100km Farm vehicle over growing period Fuel use L km Tool s estimate User s estimate Motor bike or quad Diesel vehicle 2WD or 4WD Diesel vehicles Petrol vehicles 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 31 Figure 18 Default environmental emission factors 8 1 Environmental emission factors used in the assessment Species lost to the environment Default EF Emission factors EF used in the assessment Unit Source User s EF Nitrous oxide N20 from direct denitrification of applied nitrogen N Nitrous oxide N20 from indirect denitrification of redeposited nitrogen NH3 and NOx Nitrous oxide N20 from indirect denitrification of nitrogen lost through leaching and runoff L om Ammonia NH3 from volatilisation of fertiliser N surface applied to bare soil g wn 5 Ammonia NH3 from volatilisation of fertiliser N surface applied to trash blanketed soil 3 amp Ammonia NH3 from volatilisation of dunder N surface applied to bare soil Ammonia NH3 from volatilisation of dunder N surface applied to trash blanketed soil CO2 from carbonation of limestone CaCO3
26. ea Yield Production Ratoon cane Area Yield Production GEJ t cane ha t harvested cane GED t cane ha t harvested cane Plant cane following break crop 1yr 20 110 2 200 Ratoon 1 1 yr 20 100 2 000 Ratoon 2 1 yr 20 95 1 900 Ratoon 3 1 yr 20 90 1 800 Old ratoons 1 yr 20 80 1 600 Plant cane 1 yr 20 110 0 2 200 Ratoons 1 yr 80 913 7 300 Plant cane 2 yr Ratoons 2 yr d d Total for plant cane 20 110 0 2 200 Total for ratoons 80 913 7 300 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 9 Figure 5 Example of areas to be assessed 1 3 Areas to be assessed Areas under cane Area ha Yield t ha Cane production t Plant cane Plant cane following break crop 1yr 20 110 2 200 Ratoon cane Ratoons 1 yr 80 91 7 300 TOTAL 100 9 500 a Allocation to Areas under other crops Type Area ha Yield t ha Fate cane Break crop Legume 20 25 Green manure 100 Interrow crop Other areas Type Area ha Fallow Headland Headland 5 Other All area Total Farm Area ha 125 1 3 Machinery and implements In this section the user generates a list of machinery and implements used on the assessed farm These become the drop down lists for selecting machinery and implements in the other worksheets The entered information is also used to calculate the embodied impacts of producing these items See Figure 5 for an example In the left hand column of e
27. ement treated by Speed km hr L operation Normal 1 0 m implement Tool s estimate User s estimate Light 0 8 Plant cane Ground preparation Discing Medium tractor 135HP Discs 1 2 1 0 15 1 0 10 0 20 405 Plant cane Ground preparation Ripping Medium tractor 135HP Ripper 1 2 1 0 1s 1 0 8 0 25 506 Plantcane Ground preparation Zonal rotary hoeing Medium tractor 135HP Rotary hoe 1 2 1 0 15 1 0 4 0 51 1 013 Plantcane Cane planting Cane planting Medium tractor 135HP Planter dual row 1 0 1 0 S 1 0 25 68 1 350 Plant cane Cane planting Cane planting Medium tractor 135HP Plant stripper 0 9 1 0 des 1 0 5 0 30 608 Plantcane Cane planting Cane planting Medium tractor 135HP Plant cutter 0 9 1 0 1 5 1 0 2 0 76 1 519 Plant cane Post cane planting Rolling Small tractor 100HP Roller 0 9 1 0 15 1 0 10 0 11 225 Ratoon cane Ratoon management Raking Small tractor 100HP Hay rake 0 8 1 0 1 0 0 7 7 0 21 1 714 Break crop Break crop planting Seed planting Small tractor 100HP Seed drill 1 1 10 3 0 2 0 8 0 9 172 Total fuel use L 7 511 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 13 Sheet 3 Nutrient Management In this sheet information is collected about the nutrient products fertilisers mill by products and ameliorants applied to each production area so the tool can calculate the embodied impacts of producing nutrient products the impacts of transporting nutrient products from manufacturers to the farm
28. er Water pumped Water extracted Dam ML management Ground ML River ML Irrigation scheme ML 280 Total ML 280 Other water management Water reclamation ML 54 activities Dewatering ML ASADA uta Electricity for pumping kWh 12 717 Diesel for pumping ji 4 819 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 38 Figure 20 Example Results 10 Results The graph shows the environmental profile of the assessed farm for five key environmental indicators Farm name Hypothetical The total length of each bar represents the scale of the impact compared with expected industry maximums For example a 50 result for Scenario Hypothetical carbon footprint means the assessed farm has a carbon footprint that is 50 less than the expected highest for the industry per tonne of harvested cane The colour coding on the bars shows the sources of environmental impacts Click on the coloured sections to identify the corresponding Date 5 05 2013 activity from the legend below The eco efficiency ratings to the right of the graph give a simple indication of the relative eco efficiency of the assessed farm a 5 star rating being the best Environmental profile of the sugarcane operation of expected maximums for sugarcane growing in Australia Eco efficiency Rating Fossil fuel use WI HU Ca E Fossil fuel use EN Carbon footprint O i Carbon footprint A A A Y Water use Water use WT Y TW E vray rom ens I bin
29. f the machinery to the farm Large John Deere tractor 180HP Tractor 1 180 20 100 Medium tractor 135HP Tractor 1 135 20 100 Ripper Large implement gt 700kg Expected No in AA Item Size life span service yrs Expected life span Item Type No in service Power rating HP i Discs Large implement gt 700kg 1 1 Rotary hoe Large implement gt 700kg 1 Boom spray Medium implement 400 700kg 1 20 Planter dual row Medium implement 400 700kg 1 Plant stripper Medium implement 400 700kg 1 On farm machinery Spray rig boom spray Small implement 0 400 kg Fertiliser box Small implement 0 400 kg Fertiliser bag lifter Small implement 0 400 kg Hay rake Small implement 0 400 kg contract cane harvester Cane harvester 1 300 20 5 Spreader truck Truck 1 300 20 1 contract header Other harvester 1 300 20 2 Off farm machinery loe s crop spraying Plane 1 NA 20 1 NA NA Aerial spraying NA Sheet 2 Soil work In this sheet machinery operations for soil work are entered so the tool can calculate fuel use and fuel combustion emissions for soil work The soil work activities included here are mostly associated with crop establishment tillage bed forming planting etc but also weed control 2 1 Practices Provide a descriptor of the soil management practices for the assessed scenario by either selecting from the drop down menu options or enterin
30. fluralin 4 3 Machinery operations for pest management First select the type of fuel used diesel or bio diesel Then enter all the machinery operations that take place for applying pesticide products for all areas See an example in Figure 13 If pesticides are applied as part of soil work for crop establishment for example sub surface placement during planting and have already been listed in Sheet 2 Soil Work they do not need to be re entered here The application method can also be selected from drop down menu Table 6Table 4 but is optional and only entered for information For each operation select from the drop down menus the type of machinery and implements used user s own machinery and implement list If the required machinery or implement items are not on the drop down list then add them to the user s machinery list in section 1 4 on Sheet 1 Farm Details Then enter the load factor the number of passes the width treated by the implement and the speed Review the tool s estimate of fuel use for each operation L and adjust the entered values if necessary The user s own estimates of fuel use can be entered if known which will overwrite the tool s estimate Table 6 Pesticide application method Mechanical Droppers Aerial spray Boom spray Hooded spray High clearance spray Band spray Spot spray Irvin leg 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculat
31. g your own descriptor 2 2 Machinery operations for soil work First select the type of fuel used diesel or bio diesel Then enter all the machinery operations that take place for soil work across all areas It helps to enter the operations sequentially in the order they occur from ground preparation through to planting and crop maintenance See Figure 5 for an example Do not include machinery operations for applying nutrients enter these in Sheet 3 Nutrient Management spray out and applying pesticides enter these in Sheet 4 Pest Management harvesting including for seed cane enter these in Sheet 5 Harvesting headland slashing enter these in Sheet 7 Other activities land levelling and drainage works occur if they occur infrequently For each operation select from the drop down menus the purpose for and type of operation Table 2 and the machinery and implements used user s own machinery and implement list If the required machinery 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 11 or implement items are not on the drop down list then add them to the user s machinery list in section 1 4 on Sheet 1 Farm Details Enter the load factor the number of passes the width treated by the implement and the speed for each operation At this point an estimate of fuel use will be generated The user can enter their own estimate for the rate of fuel use L ha if availa
32. gun 100 0 011 ha travelling gun irrigation t cane Soil management Best practice Ss Furrow Nutrient management Best practice Hand shift Pest management Best practice Travelling boom Harvesting Burnt cane harvesting 0 Centre pivot Green cane harvesting 100 Lateral move Irrigation Furrow Drip irrigation Plant cane Ratoon cane Break crop Interrow crop Fallow Headland Other Ca Icu l ated pa ra meters 2 Fueluse Soil work a Diesel bio diesel L 5 625 1 714 172 0 79 L diesel t cane soil work for on farm Nutrient P E Applying nutrient products Diesel bio diesel L 163 500 0 07 Ldiesel t cane nutrient app tractor truck ub aula and vehicle Pest management pin pesticides and weed Diesel bio diesel L 250 0 03 L diesel t cane pesticide app Operation x Harvesting Harvest and haulout of cane and break crops L 2 284 8 468 1 13 Ldiesel t cane harvest haulout Other activites Headland slashing Diesel bio diesel L 1 200 0 13 L diesel t cane slashing Diesel bio diesel L 1 500 0 16 L petrol t cane farm vehicles Farm vehicles Petol ethanol L 100 0 01 L diesel t cane farm vehicles Total farm fuel use Diesel bio diesel ih 21 875 2 30 L diesel t cane total Petol ethanol L 100 0 01 L petrol t cane total 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 3 Nutrient management 05 05 2013 MEA TN Mill by products and applied organic fertilisers
33. in Figure 10 If nutrients are applied as part of soil work for crop establishment for example sub surface placement during planting and have already been listed in Sheet 2 Soil Work they do not need to be re entered here For each operation select from the drop down menus the type of machinery and implements used user s own machinery and implement list If the required machinery or implement items are not on the drop down list then add them to the user s machinery list in section 1 4 on Sheet 1 Farm Details Then enter the load factor the number of passes the width treated by the implement and the speed Review the tool s estimate of fuel use for each operation L and adjust the entered values if necessary The user s own estimates of fuel use can be entered if known which will overwrite the tool s estimates 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 15 Figure 8 Examples of nutrient products applied 3 2 Nutrient products applied Mill by products organic fertilisers Product Application amount Nutrient content Application method Nutrient contents of mill by products organic fertilisers Area treated ha OPTIONAL No of applications Pate que VD T P K surface applied PORTE Plant cane Dunder with added NPKS 20 1 15 3 465 7 7 0 0 2 6 0 5 0 At Planting Product Ratoon cane Dunder with added NPKS 80 1 12 8 870 7 7 0 0 2 6 0 5 0 Side dressing Dunder w
34. ing on the bars shows the sources of environmental impacts The user can click on the coloured sections to identify the corresponding activity from the legend below the graph The eco efficiency ratings to the right of the graph give a simple indication of the relative eco efficiency of the assessed farm ona 5 star scale A 5 star rating denotes the highest eco efficiency performance representing less than 20 of the expected maximum impact for sugarcane growing in Australia Refer to Table 10 for the performance criteria for each rating Table 10 Performance criteria for 5 star rating scale of expected maximums for sugarcane growing in Australia star 1 star 1 Y star 2 star 2 star 3 star 3 Y star 4 star 4 Y star 5star 95 100 90 95 80 90 70 80 60 70 50 60 40 50 30 40 20 30 lt 20 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 33 Details of the methods used to generate the results can be found in a separate document titled Methods for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator which can be obtained by contacting Marguerite Renouf m renouf uq edu au The user can interpret the following from the environmental profile graph the contributions that different activities make to each of the eco efficiency indicators the relative performance of the assessed farm when compared with known ranges for sugarcane growing in Australia and opportunitie
35. ithout ENTS 0 50 0 05 2 60 0 30 Mill mud 3 40 2 34 0 88 0 53 Ash 0 59 0 71 2 58 0 17 Mill mud ash mix 1 96 15T 1 64 0 33 Compost Chicken manure Synthetic fertilisers Product Application amount Nutrient content wt wt or wt vol Application method Delivery from retailer to farm x Rate Total applied F z Crop stage Distance Transport Area treated ha OPTIONAL No of applications Refnaton t a keari P K surface applied OPTIONAL km Truck used tkm Plant cane Plant mix 20 1 150 600 20 0 7 0 20 0 5 0 10 AtPlanting 50 Truck 5t load 30 000 Ratoon cane Ratoon mix 40 1 300 3 000 25 0 7 0 20 0 5 0 10 Side dressing 50 Truck 5t load 150 000 Ameliorants Product Application amount Delivery from retailer to farm Area treated ha OPTIONAL No of applications Rate t ha Total t eae Truck used Transport t km Plant cane Lime 10 1 25 25 50 Truck 25t load 1 250 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 16 Figure 9 Summary of nutrient products applied Summary of nutrient products applied Mill by products organic fertilisers m Synthetic fertilisers kg Ameliorants t Mill mud ash Chicken Diammonium Potassium Ammonium Dunder Mill mud Ash i Compost E mix manure phosphate DAP chloride KCI sulphate Gran Dolomite Plantcane 3 465 Ratoon cane 8 870 Break crop Interrow crop Totals 12 335 25 151 4 473 5 730 3 098 25 Summary of
36. itrous oxide N20 to air ammonia NHa to air N amp P to water sugar to water pesticides to water cane burning emissions to air ENERGY USE CARBON FOOTPRINT WATER USE WATER QUALITY RISK from nutrients WATER QUALITY RISK from toxic substances headland management farm vehicle use 8 Emission factors definition of emission factors applied User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 Users can start with a PRE FILLED version for the region being assessed and modify the data to suit the scenario being assessed or start with a BLANK version and enter data from scratch PRE FILLED versions can be obtained by contacting Marguerite Renouf m renouf ugq edu au When completed Sheets 9 Input Summary and Sheet 10 Results can be easily printed as a record of the assessment The results graph on Sheet 10 Results can also be exported into another document MSWord or MSExcel to enable the results from multiple assessments to be easily compared Note about using results from CaneLCA CaneLCA reports LCA results as an environmental profile with relative indicators of eco efficiency performance It does not report absolute environmental impacts results per tonne of cane Therefore the outputs of CaneLCA cannot be used for external reporting CaneLCA is designed for internal monitoring and comparison of cane growing practices It is not appropriate to use CaneLCA for
37. ld where relevant For other crops also enter their fate either harvested or green manure and the extent to which they supports cane production This refers to the fixation of nitrogen by break crops that it utilised by subsequent cane crops The value entered represents the percentage of impacts from growing the break crop that will be 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 8 assigned to cane production If the entire crop is turned in as green manure then the value should be 100 If the crop is harvested leaving only residue then a good estimate is 50 Table 1 Crop classes Plant cane crops Ratoon cane crops Break interrow crops Other areas Plant cane plough out replant 1 yr Ratoons 1 yr Sorghum Bare fallow Plant cane plough out replant 2 yr Ratoons 2 yr Pulse Pasture fallow Plant cane following fallow 1yr Ratoon 1 1 yr Peanut Headland Plant cane following fallow 2yr Ratoon 2 1 yr Soybean Riparian strip Plant cane following break crop 1yr Ratoon 3 1 yr Legume Farm forestry Plant cane following break crop 2yr Old ratoons 1 yr Ratoon 1 2 yr Ratoon 2 2 yr Ratoon 3 2 yr Old ratoons 2 yr Figure 4 Example of cane production details 1 2 Production details Growing period lyear Plant cane crops harvested in the growing period Ratoon crops harvested in the growing period Plant cane Ar
38. lication Al content PP g L or g kg Total applied Active Ingredient 2 Active ingredient Al 2 Application rate kg ha Al content g L or g kg Total applied kg Al Fungicides Application rate of fungicide product L ha or kg ha In planting L ha Active ingredient Al 1 Units kg ha or L ha Name of fungi product Area treated ha OPTIONAL e Area descriptor Time of application No of applications Plant cane Propiconazole Active Ingredient 1 Application rate kg ha Al content g L or g kg Total applied kg Al Active Ingredient 2 Active ingredient Al 2 Application rate kg ha Al content g L or g kg Total applied kg Al 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 21 Figure 12 Identifying active ingredients from www apvma gov au Sites y E Web Slice Gallery Australian Government gt Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority A You are here Home Prnt Atincrease Ar Decrease REGULATORY NEWS OuRvIEW 5 18 MAY 2012 S OCTOBER 2044 ii re Seeking input into the recovery of costs for compliance with Good Update on status of mouse baiting options Product Registration Manufacturing Practice Permits foe 26 APRIL 2012 29 SEPTEMBER 2011 gt MRLs Maximum Residue Limits pa Ce Seeking input into the APVWA s Operational lan 2012 13 is Aust
39. ng practice A s retained in the equal 100 removed burnt pre harvest burnt post harvest i field q 6 le Blantcanc Plant cane following break crop 1yr Green cane harvesting 0 100 i o o Ratoon cane Ratoons 1 yr Green cane harvesting 0 100 Legume Not applicable 0 100 Break crop Interrow crop 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 25 Sheet 6 Water management In this sheet information about irrigation and other water pumping activities tailings water reclamation and dewatering is collected so the tool can calculate the quantities of water extracted from different sources and the energy used for pumping water 6 1 Irrigation practices Ifirrigation is practiced on the farm select the type of irrigation systems present on the farm from the drop down menu Table 8 and enter the area serviced by each type of irrigation Table 8 Irrigation systems Travelling gun Centre Pivot Furrow Lateral move Hand shift Drip irrigation Travelling boom 6 2 Volumes of water pumped Enter the water pumping activities that occur into the appropriate table depending on whether they are associated with irrigation or other water pumping activities tailings water reclamation dewatering Pumping activities are not aligned to specific production areas but to the water pumps or outlets See an example in Figure 15 Enter descriptors for the different pumps
40. oducers It may also find application with researchers natural resource managers and policy officers of industry associations 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 4 Quick guide to using CaneLCA CaneLCA is a MS Excel workbook contains 10 worksheets eight for data input and two for presenting the outputs as shown on the tool map in Figure 3 First ENTER the required data into the WHITE cells of the data entry sheets 1 8 e Sheet 1 Farm Details Enter cropping areas and yields so the tool can calculate overall farm production Then list machinery and implements in service on the farm e Sheets 2 7 On each of these sheets enter data about farm operations soil work nutrient and pest management harvesting and water management etc e Sheet 8 Emission Factors This sheet summarised the default environmental emission factors applied by the tool The user only needs to use this sheet if the default emission factors are to be changed Then REVIEW the outputs generated by the tool on sheets 9 and 10 e Sheet 9 Input Summary Review the summary of inputs and check for omissions and mistakes e Sheet 10 Results Review the generated environmental profile and eco efficiency ratings Finally INTERPRET from the results e Sources of environmental impacts e Relative eco efficiency performance of the assessed farm compared with industry ranges Figure 3 CaneLCA Map DATA INPUT
41. or V1 01 20 Figure 11 Example of pesticides applied 4 2 Pesticides applied Herbicides Application rate of herbicide product L ha or kg ha Active ingredient Al 1 Units kg ha or L ha Name of herb product Area treated ha OPTIONAL e Time of application Area descriptor No of applications Plantcane StompXtra Pre emergent 20 1 3 L ha Pendimethalin Plant cane Atradex Pre emergent 20 1 3 kg ha Atrazine Plant cane Gramoxone Pre emergent 20 2 1 ha Paraquat Plant cane Gesapax Combi stooling outofhand 20 1 6 Wha Ametryn Ratoon cane 2 4 D stooling outofhand 80 1 1 Wha 24D Ratoon cane Starane stooling out of hand 80 1 0 78 Wha Fluroxypyr Active Ingredient 1 Application Al content ba oe Total applied r g L or g kg kg Al kg ha 455 137 273 900 2 70 108 0 250 0 25 10 0 250 1 50 30 0 620 0 62 49 6 333 0 26 20 8 Active Ingredient 2 Active ingredient Al 2 Application rate kg ha Al content g L or g kg Atrazine 250 15 Total applied kg Al 30 0 Insecticides Application rate of insecticide product L ha or kg ha Active ingredient Al 1 Name of Area descriptor insei ide product Units kg ha or L ha Area treated ha OPTIONAL No of applications kg ha 0 375 ha Plant cane Suscon Maxi Stooling out of hand Imidacloprid Plant cane Regent In planting 20 1 Fipronil Active Ingredient 1 App
42. outlets used to pump water For each select from the drop down menus the type of irrigation or pumping activity it services Table 8 and the water source Table 9 Table 9 Water sources Water sources for irrigation Water sources for other pumping Dam Tailings water Ground Surplus water River Irrigation scheme 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 For irrigation use one of the following methods to enable the tool to estimate the volume of water applied over the growing period Ifthe water application rate ML ha is known then enter this along with the area irrigated Ifthe water application rate is NOT known enter the flow rate delivered by the pump outlet ML hr the estimated pumping duration hr operation and the number of operations over the growing period Either method will generate an estimate of the total water pumped for irrigation Review this and adjust the entered values if necessary The user s own estimates use can be entered if known which will overwrite the tool s estimate Enter the total water applied to irrigate all crops cane and other crops But note in the last column the amount from the total that is applied to non cane crops so that the impacts of irrigation can be appropriately assigned to the break crop For other pumping operations water reclamation and dewatering the volume pumped is estimated using the second of
43. proval No Product Type Product Name 5 Other Constituents Details 48034 HERBICIDE FLAME HERBICIDE AS THE AMMONIUM SALT 48686 HERBICIDE FLAME 700 WDG HERBICIDE ge 58872 HERBICIDE CROP CARE FLAME HERBICIDE AS THE AMMONIUM SALT Single Page Click on Single page of details Active Constituent s Units g L AE AMMONIUM SALT Name of the active ingredient in flame Of active ingredient 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 Figure 13 Example of machinery operations for applying pesticides 4 3 Machinery operations for pesticide management Fuel type Diesel Biodiesel Total must be 100 Load factor d ENE Width treated Number of Rate of fuel use L ha i Pesticide Heavy 1 2 A Speed Area descriptor Method Machinery used Implement used No of passes by implement rows treated Fuel use roduct s applied Normal 1 0 E km hr L operation R jele Lieht 0 8 i C by implement Tool s User s E ight 0 8 estimate estimate Plant cane Herbicide Boom spray Small tractor 100HP Boom spray 0 8 1 0 9 5 6 3 8 0 2 39 Plant cane Herbicide Boom spray Small tractor 100HP Boom spray 0 8 1 0 9 5 6 3 8 0 11 211 Total fuel use L 250 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 23 Sheet 5 Harvesting In this sheet information is collected about harvesting so the tool can calculate the fuel use and fuel combustion
44. ralia being fooded with ilegaly imported pesticides gt ESis Export Slaughter intervals aa gt EARS Apply to register a aoe 16 APRIL 2012 View more Topics product electronically Compliance Enforcement and Cancer fears can be wrongly placed says APVMA science fellow onaga kas s 8 AOE oo eae otin ees d Exp esni 6 JANUARY 2012 want to find out about ees Chose aie ead a gt ls a vaccine avaiable for use against pigegeMaramyxovirus type 1 in Austral Spray din aponse i casi recovery cestas now salable even a Applicants and Registrants 10 NOVEMBER 2014 Ei bd What is the t lat tus of the vertebrate 1080 ioa For industry See also Media Releases View more News a What le me current ro quinta ette ofthe vertebrate poloa iaa For Chemical Users 30 JUNE 2014 x gt Was e apvuga ang regulatory action against endosulfan z z Delivering the Australian Government s Better Regulation Reform A or the Community ing Regul genda PS a More Conmunty Questons 5 ni togatacre gt Endonan Get fortnight regular updates aes E BED oui E gt gt carendazin YY Follow Click on PUBCRIS Search registered chemical products Product No Reg Date From To dd mm yyyy format Category SelectValue X Poison Schedule Select Value y State Registered All X X rt Results By Product No y Clear Type in type of product e g Herbicide and product name e g Flame and select search Ap
45. rds ISO14042 PAS2050 15014064 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 3 Figure 1 Scope of activities assessed by CaneLCA Truck freight Rail freight Electricity E o E Truck fretght a cs S Rail freight Limestone emicals Pesticides Energy products Transport Gypsum of inputs Dolomite Environmental exchanges Inputs diesel Tractors Outputs from diesel combustion CO fossil CH NO particulate metals Capital goods Fertilisers Resource extraction Background production processes Figure 2 Example results generated by CaneLCA Environmental profile of the sugarcane operation of expected maximums for sugarcane growing in Australia Fossil fuel use n En Carbon footprint a I Water use Water ty corri T Water quality risk from toxic substances mM Harvested sugarcane at transport siding Sugarcane growing and harvesting Environmental exchanges Inputs Outputs cont fresh water from cane burning to air land CHy soil carbon build up NO Particulate Outputs NO from soils to air from fuel combustion N O direct amp indirect denitrification _ CO fossil NH volatilisation 2 Cl from soils to water NO pesticides particulate nutrient N P metals Eco efficiency Rating Fossil fuel use
46. s for improving the eco efficiency of the assessed farm Different combinations of cane growing practices can be assessed and compared to test if a proposed practice change will result in improved eco efficiency To enable this the environmental profile graph can be exported to other documents copy and paste so that results from multiple assessments to be easily compared alongside eachother Sheet 9 Input Summary and Sheet 10 Results can also be easily printed as a record of the assessment 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 34 Figure 19 Example input summary 1 Farm details ZO ES Hypothetical Region not specified 8 Emission Species lost to the environment factors IEA Nitrous oxide N20 from direct denitrification of applied nitrogen N kg N20 N kg N applied Scenario Hypothetical E i kg N applie Nitrous oxide N20 from indirect denitrification of redeposited nitrogen 0 010 kg N20 N kg N redeposited NH3 and NOx Comments Nitrous oxide N20 from indirect denitrification of nitrogen lost through 0 013 kg N20 N kg N leached ruoff leaching and runoff Ammonia NH3 from volatilisation of fertiliser N surface applied to bare 0 131 kg N kg N surface applied soil Ammonia NH3 from volatilisation of fertiliser N surface applied to trash 0 231 kg N kg N surface applied blanketed soil Ammonia NH3 from volatilisation of dunder N surface applied to bare soil 0 088
47. t 3 Nutrient Management asesoriai tiria iiaei iaia e aieea Eaa E EAE EERE ERARA ESTERE 14 Sar t E Pest E aE Ea ATA EEEE E AE E E EA 19 Shieet 5 Harvestihg ienn a i e a a a a e E a aN 24 Sheet 6 Water ManageMe nt cccsssscccccceesssessaeeececesseseaeececsceeseeaesececeseseesaeaseseceescussesaaaesesesseeseaaeas 26 Sheet 7 Other activities a te a 30 Sheet 8 EMISSION TACTOPS ii it dato 30 REVIE WIN BTeSUIS ia ii 33 Sheet 9 Inp t S mmani A id ta dt i 33 Sheet 10 Results occccccccncnonnccncconcnnnnnnancncnannnnononncnnncnnnnnononnnnancnccnn nono nana ancn nono nana EEEE cnn conc nan naar nn cnn nn nana 33 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 2 INTRODUCTION About CaneLCA CaneLCA calculates the eco efficiency of sugarcane production over its lifecycle to help sugarcane producers and their advisors identify sustainable farming practices CaneLCA can assist sugarcane producers to understand on farm and off farm environmental impacts identify where environmental impacts can be reduced compare the eco efficiency of different combinations of cane growing practices verify the environmental benefits of new cane growing practices inform decisions about changes to current farming practices It was developed jointly by the University of Queensland and BSES Limited with funding from the Australian Government and the Australian sugar industry through the Sugar
48. ter pumped 6 2 Volumes of water pumped If application rate ML ha IS KNOWN use these If application rate IS NOT KNOWN use these columns to Irrigation A f F r gatic columns to estimate water applied estimate water applied User s estimate Volume Tool s of volume applied to estimate ML applied ML non cane OPTIONAL crops ML Pumping No of duration pumping hr operation operations Area irrigated Application Tool s estimate Pumping rate Pump outlet descriptor ha rate ML ha ML ML hr Type of irrigation Water source Pump 1 Furrow Irrigation scheme 80 0 3 5 280 Pump 2 Hand shift Dam 20 0 3 5 70 70 0 Other water pumping operations Pumping Tool s User s estimate Pumping rate duration No of pumping estimate of of total P tlet d ipt P i tivit Wat ump outlet descriptor umping activity ater source ML hr hr operations ER E operation pumped ML pumped ML Pump 3 Water reclamation Tailings water 1 5 12 3 54 Summary of water extraction and pumping Water pumped ML Water pumped ML Water source Laca la pumped ME total allocated to cane Dam 70 lt Ground water 2 to River Do Irrigation scheme 280 280 Water use for irrigation 350 280 _ Water reclamation 54 o ES Dawatering Other water pumping 54 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 28 Figure 16 Example of energy for water pumping 6
49. ter this area If left blank the tool will assume it is applied to the whole area The time of application can also be selected from drop down menu Table 4 but is optional and only entered for information Table 4 Time of pesticide application Cane knockout Stooling In planting Stooling out of hand Spike Out of hand Pre emergent Headland management Post emergent Not applicable For each pesticide product select the constituent active ingredient s Al from the drop down menu Table 5 and enter the content g L or g kg so the tool can calculate the total amount of pesticide active ingredients applied to each area There will usually be only one or two active ingredients If there are more only enter to the two main ingredients 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 19 To find out the active ingredients in pesticides products consult the label information the material and safety data sheet MSDS or the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority website www apvma gov au see Figure 12 Table 5 Pesticide active ingredients Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides 2 4D Isoxaflutole Aldicarb Mercury Memc 2 4 D Amine MCPA Carbaryl Propiconazole Ametryn Metolachlor Chlorpyrifos Asulam Metribuzin Fipronil Atrazine MSMA Imidacloprid Diuron Paraquat Fluroxypyr Pendimethalin Glyphosate Picloram Hexazinone Tri
50. tilisers that are spread and then turned it this may be around 10 This factor is used by the tool to estimate how much of applied ammonia N is exposed to volatilization lt does not apply for mineral products The user can elect to enter the crop stage at which the nutrient products are applied This is optional and is only provided for information For synthetic fertilisers and ameliorants also enter information about transport for supplying nutrient products from the retailer to the farm i e the delivery distance and the type of truck used The quantities of the nutrients products applied and the resulting nutrient application rates generated by the tool are summarised in the summary tables See an example in Figure 9 Review these quantities and make any required adjustments to the entered values as necessary 05 05 2013 User Manual for CaneLCA Eco efficiency Calculator V1 01 14 Table 3 Mill by products organic fertilisers and ameliorants Mill by products organic fertilisers Ameliorants Dunder with added NPKS Lime Dunder without added NPKS Dolomite Mill mud Gypsum Ash Mill mud ash mix Compost Chicken manure 3 5 Machinery operations for applying mill by products organic fertilisers synthetic fertilisers and ameliorants First select the type of fuel used diesel or bio diesel Then enter all the machinery operations for applying nutrient products See an example

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