User's Guide - FTP Directory Listing
Contents
1. 315 8 Spatial data analysis overlay operations 317 Introduction to Map Calculation ninio 318 8 1 Map Calculation formulas resulting in value maps 321 Aritlhimetic Operatots 4 e oet ec A et a t ts 321 Relational Operators c etd eene ensem eic dae ede 322 Eogical operators acieceaiegeetetioatiia ie eia een niece da 323 Conditional UNC rere coe i aee n bul i 324 e Practicing with operators and functions in a small case study 325 Undefined valles sete ia Gh te a te ed teda 328 Summary Map Calculation formulas resulting in value maps 331 8 2 Map Calculation and dependencies enne 332 Summary Map Calculation and dependency links 334 8 3 Map Calculation formulas resulting in class or ID maps 335 IFF expression domaint 2 unie tete ertet teet eren 335 IFF expression domainl name isssssssssssssee eem 336 IFF expression domainl domain2 sssss m 337 IFF expression name name iissssssssssssse emen 338 Summary Map Calculation formulas resulting in Class or ID maps 339 8 4 The Cross operation eR e 340 Crossing two class maps eene 341 Crossing an ID and a value map Drainage density cocino 343 e Summary Cross operation eem 345 98 5 Two dimensional tables Aysin aee eie ecce ots 346 Summary Two dimensional tables sss nnns 349 Spatial data analysis neighbourhood and2. ssseeenenn nnne nnne 200 Joining a key column with a table 202 Table joining combined with aggregation ssssssm 203 Summary Table joining sssssss eene 205 5 7 Displaying results as graphs eee 206 Summary Graph display 207 Image Processing 209 Introduction to remotely sensed data sss 209 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 Visualization of single band images ccoccccniccinioccnnnononnninonnonnnn non nonnon ono ro nono a conan nonana rones 210 Display a satellite image nnns 211 Zoom in out on a displayed Satellite image sm 211 Scrolling through a displayed satellite image 212 Displaying multiple images nnns 212 Digital numbers and pixels ssssssssseeneeemenn nennen 213 Pixels and real world coordinates 215 Summary Visualization of images een 216 Image enhance Medi iii tede eet tar etri heut 217 6 2 1 Contrast enhancement sssssssssseseen eene nnn nennen enn nnns 217 Calculation of a histogram eene 219 Linear stretching eret pigri rure o ih metit 220 Compare original and stretched images sse 220 Different linear stretch functions ssssssssse emen 221 Histogram equalization sssssssssse emen 222 6 2 2 Spatial enhancemelt n Er pb pte eh hls edis s 222 LOW pass TS carnada 224 Create and apply a user defined low pass filter 224 High pa
3. 13 3 Editing visual variables sss eene enn nnne 486 13 3 1 Maps with a representation ccccccccccccsccsecesccsetescsssertecscsessessceesssssesaeseseees 486 e Assigning colors to a class map ssssssssss mee een 487 UIE MATCHING ice deste t t ct e e ere tot ec t nca tede 491 Visual variables for segments color line type and line width 491 e Visual variables for point maps ssssesseeeeneeme nnns 492 13 3 2 Maps without a representation sssssssssssseee eene 493 Point map with a value domain temporary stretching uu cece 493 Point map with an ID domain points as graphs sseeennee 494 e User defined coloring of maps with an ID domain 495 Summary Editing visual variables 496 TS AMARME Sata 498 COMBINING data lay Sicario 498 Adding an Annotation Text layer eee 499 PAA GING GMO lines ito m p P ete tar iere 4 500 e Saving AS Map VIEW oae etre ee ere dd etse ae e 500 e Summary Map VIEWS visi hie epit etude tetris eia naat a ai 501 13 5 Layout and Annotation ssssssss eee eren eren eren 502 gt Creating a EayOoULb cs coe ie epe em ane m e b ro tiet 502 gt Inserting a map VIQW ioi tani deine ideas eb hte Rd Poele tn 503 gt Creating a map DO ivi ica eee m nece eee ne e rera n 504 Creating a legend coe Roe dida 505 Adding an inset map or picture eene 506 SAGGING text amete tube e e eee c malen etus 507
4. Furthermore ILWIS requires that Internet Explorer version 5 or later is installed The ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide Main objectives Literature The ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide is intended for those who want to know how ILWIS 3 0 is used in basic GIS and Image Processing operations It trains the skills you need to work with ILWIS including explanations and procedures for first time users in addition to topics for more advanced users It provides numerous exercises to practice GIS techniques and Image Processing operations and can be used both by persons that want to learn how to work with ILWIS by themselves or in a course environment Besides this guide ILWIS HTML Help is available in the program itself The Help offers detailed descriptions of the functionality of ILWIS its window types the objects the operations etc and is illustrated with tips and examples The ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide is basically an exercise book Therefore we have kept the amount of theoretical explanations to a minimum For a thorough introduction to GIS and Image Processing we recommend the following textbooks on GIS and on Remote Sensing Aronoff S 1995 Geographic Information Systems A Management Perspective 4 edition WDL Publications Ottawa 294 pp Barrett E C and L F Curtis 1992 Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing 3 edition Chapman amp Hall London 426 pp Bonham Carter G E 1996 Geographic Information Systems for Geosc
5. e Adding a north aro We it tee iie e et e Hn e A 508 AdGING a scale Dai bl 509 Adding scale texts acanninti iia Gia aet din dia te tierce etr eee aie 509 Creating a DON iaa a nce i p s d ns 509 Editing map annotation ococcinncnnnninnnnnnnononnnonnononnconnononano nono enne enne 510 Summary Layout and Annotation sssssssseee eee eee 510 13 6 P rintinig a ma p e peperere edge tenete Pap t piece e D rcr d 512 S mmtarys Printing dps oie aee dd tese En dudes 512 13 7 Exporting maps to cartographic software oer eee eee eene 513 Summary Exporting maps to cartographic software 514 13 8 Creating demos with ILWIS inanma aenea E a A nennen 515 Demo example Display of field photos ssssssssssm 515 e Creating aslide OO Wii io ee eer cod eene eer s 518 Summary Creating demos in ILWIS ssseeee nnns 520 Preface Preface General information In late 1984 the International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences ITC was awarded a grant from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs The funds should be spent on research benefiting land and water development in developing countries ITC decided to concentrate these funds in a single multidisciplinary research project into the methodology of a Geographical Information System to be used as a tool for land use zoning and watershed management studies By the end of 1988 the project resulted in the official releas
6. 6 5 0 Image TUSION peices tii A i tinal Aad ican E One Ord 258 Summary Multi band operations eee en 260 Image classificatiOr A A ion li een eet n e t He T 262 6 6 1 Density slicIng sicnt A i ec ed de bled Rede t 262 Interactive SUCIO dee ae tee e lens 263 Slicing op ration sodas e ott ts Ac eA oec ded dta t 264 6 6 2 Piece wise linear stretching sssesseenn nennen 265 6 6 3 Multi spectral image classification sss 266 amp SamplifQg ss netten etc dd de tll tds 267 Displaying Feature Spaces 270 6 6 4 ClassiflCatloD zs eee edere de ete tedee tete re Pre bo dd aa 271 Classification A eee 272 Evaluate the reclassified results sss 273 Post classification operations nnns 273 Undef majority filter nnne 274 6 6 5 Unsupervised classification clustering 275 Summary Image Classification eee eee 276 7 Spatial data analysis retrieval re classification and measurement operations 277 7 1 Retrieval using the pixel information window sse nns 279 7 2 Retrieval of information by displaying attributes 282 Retrieval withixamaskus cie ond tere RUE ER D gat ded es 284 Summary retrieval operations eee 286 7 3 Reclassification with Map Calculation formulas sss nes 287 Using a Map Calculation formula for data retrieval sss 287 Data retrieval with a Boolean statement ninio 288 e Simple reclassification with a MapCalc formu
7. Spatial Correlation 426 TT 3 P oint INP it nene en bel ien il n E v Mies 428 Nearest Pote 428 MOVING Average c tet ER e Ie e En WR Oe rt 430 Trend S rface sn ete ee eerie ede teh a tp aes 431 Moving S UTA cot tet be as 432 Summary Point interpolation sese 433 T14 Kriging estimation nee te emet ere Re a eL TH Rs 435 11 41 Ordinary Krigifig 5 teret lt ete e det ertet eet te dre 435 Visualization of the input data sss 435 Spatial Correlation and Empirical Semi Variogram eee 436 12 13 Modelling the Semi Variogram esee 438 Variogram Models Goodness of Fit eee 439 Kriging estimation and Error map nnns 441 Confidence interval maps sssssssseennennenm enne enne 443 11 4 2 Simple Kriging and Indicator Kriging additional exercise 443 Simple KONO iia fet ette e dee het obedit et 443 Indicator Kriglhgssi asc tte re td et 444 IRES Universal KIJING nee eet ehe ee e e ee ee d rus 444 11 4 4 Anisotropic Kriging sese enne 445 Investigating anisotropy with variogram surfaces 445 Variogram Surface s decer dett E iR 445 e Change of support and or change of scale 446 Spatial Correlation bidirectional sssssssee eem 447 e Semi variogram models ssssssee eee 448 e SANISOEFOPIGZK FIgITIQ su re erede retento dd i dla 449 11 4 5 COKrlglfigs ent
8. connectivity operations 351 9 1 RINGO PING A a e Re mM err e o OR t rr t te orn 353 Majority filters iye en crm o aper terrere Pe n E 353 Smoothing filters bd tede a Pe tende 355 Rank order filters cerne mme in stp ted dr Eng e He Ren 356 Binary filters ose aaace oed pm OO T T eade nde dte Os 356 User defined linear filters Example of a counting filter 358 Summary Filter operation using maps sss 360 9 2 Neighbourhood calculations using Map Calculation 361 9 2 1 Calculating with the value of a single neighbour 361 9 2 2 Using neighbourhood functions on multiple neighbours 363 Neighbourhood functions on multiple neighbours 363 Neighbourhood function NBFLT which uses a linear filter 364 e Calculating a classified slope direction map 365 e Calculating a receiving cell map ssssssse eee 366 Determining flat areas and pits in a DEM ssseeenemens 367 ERAT ONS 2 orm niece te aene e n OO o eo P e Pa tns 368 Calculation of flooded area given dam site and dam altitude 368 Summary Neighbourhood functions 371 10 11 9 35 Distance calla id A iia 372 Simple distance calculation cnica naciona 373 e Calculating distance with weights Travel time map uct 374 e Calculating distances Thiessen map ssssssssee eee 376 Summary Distance calculation 378 9 4 Area numbering A item dede el aaah
9. data aee teet tete teen dies 13 IEWITS dialog DOX6S en e teer ee ee ve Ce CR e E ERU 14 A map WINK OW snc ntc de het db ee e ee de ere dis 16 The contents of the map domain 20 A table WIN O Witt cem ete fe ee dee rode c dudas 21 Summary displaying maps and tables ninio 24 1 3 The Cochabamba afea s cnt ae ne deg debet dba 26 Main concepts of ILWIS 3 0 27 2 1 Structure of spatial data in ILWIS sssssssseeennmennennenn nnns 28 Vector tiodel om te trem opum etit leer Oe te tet ettet 28 R sterqmodel aes odi eode ens elt e ebat Rd e RR M 29 e Object types sonunacan a me e dr ra d QR s P id 30 Summary Structure of spatial data in ILWIS sss 30 2 2 Displaying maps and Layer Management ssssss eee 31 Displaying vector and raster maps ssssssssss eee 31 Layer management ecce ee di n ee e n de d een died 33 Summary Displaying maps and Layer Management sssssssses 36 2 3 About domains iia te aet ene e e tr eta 37 More about class domains occ ntti teenies 37 More about identifier domains sss eene mmn 39 More about value domains occ ttre eee mmm 40 Summary About domains ener enne 42 2 4 About representatloIs di e e e baw eel ea a o deed 43 More about representation class eee 43 More about representation value 44 Summary About representations eee enne 46 2 5 About coordinate systems sssssss
10. e Operators for value columns eee 178 Arithimetic Operators oet aeo qp ded d etre te d dte des 178 e Relational operators a ettet eet beh blared dbase 179 gt Logical Operator aeos dard er c meno POR ad Pe 179 Conditional function oc ter E EE Det e eds 180 Operators used for class or ID columns sme 181 How to define domains for IFF functions with class or ID 182 Summary Table Calculation 185 5 4 Classifying data in a colUmmn iis etie tenenti i ea d CH Ree 187 Domain Group tee tette tree lois redit Fa t e eth eds 188 Summary Classifying data in a column 188 5 5 Statistical operations with columns sss 189 5 5 Statistics in a table windOW ssssesseeeenneenmenmener nnne 189 Statistics P ane s mo ets tegi n art M a fus 189 COMMON SAA SCS race dre aere ih Re e er d o ade 189 Statistics using the command line sss eme 190 5 5 2 Statistical analysis eene i n cs 190 Least Squares Fit operation ederet tete 191 Prediction based on regression equation ssssssee ee 192 Correlation between variables s sss eee 192 5 6 Aggregate functions ete ntu eor b e edt do m erede eati 193 A more complex problem 195 Summary Aggregate functions sss eren 197 5 6 Table joining sas ie o rente dace fa deitate tea ehe e ta te iude e dodi 198 Joining via table domains
11. how to create or import tables and how to calculate with data in tables Chapter 6 Image Processing explains various operations that can be applied to visualize enhance georectify and classify remote sensing images Chapters 7 8 and 9 all deal with Spatial data analysis Various analysis techniques such as retrieval re classification measurement operations chapter 7 overlay operations chapter 8 and neighbourhood and connectivity operations chapter 9 are demonstrated Chapter 10 Using Digital Elevation Models explains how to generate Digital Elevation Models with ILWIS and shows procedures to create derivatives such as slope steepness and slope direction maps Chapter 11 Spatial data analysis geostatistical tools covers the use of geostatistical tools for the analysis of point data Chapter 12 Scripts and functions is intended to show other functionality s of ILWIS for more advanced data analysis including the use of the command line functions and script language Finally chapter 13 Presentation of results is dedicated to the production of output maps the way to create annotations how to treat colors printing exporting data and creating demos The exercises in the ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide are designed not only to demonstrate to you how certain ILWIS operations are used but also give you a basic idea of when they can be used in real applications Therefore we used as much as possible examples from a single regio
12. ILWIS 3 0 Academic User s Guide Unit Geo Software Development Sector Remote Sensing amp GIS IT Department International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences ITC Enschede The N etherlands May 2001 ITC ILWIS May 2001 ITC The International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences Enschede is the largest institute for international higher education in the Netherlands Its main objective is to assist developing countries in human resources development in aerospace surveys Remote Sensing applications the establishment of geoinformation systems and the management of geoinformation To this end ITC concentrates on three activities education training research and advisory services In house expertise covers an extensive range of disciplines in the above fields Disclaimer The International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences ITC has carefully prepared and reviewed this document the software and the data set on CD ROM for accuracy However ITC takes no responsibility or liability for incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of this document or the data on the accompanying CD ROM and reserves the right to update revise or change this document or the data without notice Proprietary Notice The information in this document is the sole property of the International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences ITC and may not be reproduced stored in a retrieval syst
13. WIS is a user friendly and widely distributed GIS and Image Processing package It is PC based and designed for the Windows environments Experts as well as beginners will easily find their way through the program ILWIS provides a powerful tool for collection storage analysis transformation and presentation of data From the input data information can be generated to model the spatial and temporal patterns and processes on the Earth s surface ILWIS provides a set of documentation dealing with the basics of GIS and Image Processing as well as it s application in many fields i e land evaluation urban surveys natural hazards and environmental management ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide i Preface What ILWIS needs hardware and software requirements To install ILWIS 3 0 please run the installation program that is available on the CD ROM or download the program from our web site at http www itc nl ilwis ILWIS 3 0 can be installed under Windows 95 98 Me NT4 and 2000 To install under Windows NT 2000 administrator rights are required For best performance of ILWIS 3 0 we recommend a computer using a Pentium III processor 128 MB RAM or more a 24 bit graphics Windows accelerator board with a resolution of at least 1024x768 a CD ROM player a mouse a printer and a digitizer The minimum requirements are a Pentium with 64 MB RAM 256 colors graphics board with a resolution of 640x480 a CD ROM drive and a mouse
14. ata file W100s10 dem has been downloaded from the USGS EROS Data Center http edcdaac usgs gov gtopo30 gtopo30 html Last but not least we like to thank all alpha and beta testers both within and outside ITC who gave useful feedback to improve the software The ILWIS software is designed by Wim Koolhoven and Jelle Wind The entire group responsible for the release of ILWIS 3 0 consists of the following persons Software Development Jan Hendrikse Wim Koolhoven Willem Nieuwenhuis Martin Schouwenburg Bas Retsios Lichun Wang and Jelle Wind Testing and Support Jelger Kooistra and Boudewijn van Leeuwen Help and Documentation Petra Budde Remco Dost Arend de Haas and Raymond Nijmeijer Head Geo Software Development Wim Koolhoven Contents 1 Introduction to ILWIS 3 0 1 II enit ROSE te eh 2 lE The Navigator nia sett ed tit tecto 2 11 2 Catalog 8 secutive awed nea eer e e t e e ent 3 e Customizing the Catalog eene 5 1 1 3 Title bar and Menu Dara nra n eene ern 5 1 1 4 The Operation tree and Operation list s sss ee 6 1 1 5 Status Dat etie terne rice 7 1 1 6 Toolbars of the Main window ssss emen 7 The Standard toolbar oem ee ote erent nm eicit egets 8 The Object selection toolbar eterne 8 1 1 7 The Command lire o Dott ld 9 1 1 8 Getting Help sis otto Pe neat e a m qat e ERO Pere 9 Summary the Main window of ILWIS see 11 1 2 Displaying Geographic
15. ating a sub map of a raster map eect ete eee eee 150 Glueing raster Maps vss eto ere rete ee dod ei e teh 151 Mirror rotate aen cone e eene AS m e AA e EE HUC 152 s Resampling xot teet ee seed dest enit db hee te di 153 Editing raster maps oeste tiet Rc tete be eau 154 Raster to Vector conversion eee 156 Summary Raster data management sss 158 4 6 Domain conversiOn ssssssssssse eee 159 A warning about changing domains 159 e Conversion between an ID domain and a class domain ocio 159 e Converting a class or an ID domain to a value domain 160 e Converting a value domain to a class or an ID domain s 161 Converting a picture domain to a class domain see 163 e Converting a picture domain to an image dOMAIN cece etree 163 5 Converting a color domain to a value domain 164 Summary Domain conversion nennen enn 165 Attribute data handling 167 Introduction to the data set city blocks ssssssssssse meme 168 51 Greating a table e cote tee cata n esos od 170 e Editing Col mm nice teh eite ceo Ge e 172 Summary Creating importing and editing tables oo cere 173 5 2 Importing digital attribute data nennen enis 174 5 3 Calculatirig with COMAS tits ate etta DUREE HR PON EUR Ure 176 amp Pocket Line Calculator sa rop nebat put 177 e Calculations with value columns eee 177
16. ation it is recommended to also practice with some of the case studies of the ILWIS 2 1 Applications Guide that are available on the internet depending on the professional background and interest of the participants Image Processing courses Intended for students without prior knowledge of Image Processing and IL WIS 1 week course Chapter 1 2 6 6 1 to 6 4 2 weeks course Chapter 1 2 6 6 1 to 6 5 1 month course Chapter 1 2 6 The schedule can also be followed when learning ILWIS on an individual basis However in the schedule of the courses about one third of the time will be spend on lectures Users that are already familiar with GIS and Image Processing will need a much shorter time The ILWIS 2 1 Applications Guide The ILWIS 2 1 Applications Guide contains 25 case studies in various disciplines such as geomorphology geology hydrology environmental management urban survey soil survey land use planning and cartography The case studies show advanced procedures to work with ILWIS and also demonstrate how specific questions in certain research disciplines can be solved with ILWIS As the guide is intended for experienced ILWIS users the operations that have to be performed are not written out in full detail The ILWIS 2 1 Applications Guide can just like the ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide be used both as a self study material as well as in a course environment Many of the case studies presented in this book are used
17. c eter m tp ebrei le en es bibe e beta 450 Cross Variogratm azcisetooooet epo negent ende tbe adt pas 450 Summary Kriging estimation eene 452 11 5 Spatial autocorrelation of raster maps oe nen eee eene 454 Summary Autocorrelation essen 456 Scripts and functions 457 12 T CreatingiasscrlpE secon E e recle e e eda t eee E Ree PE devas 458 12 1 1 Working from the Command line sse 458 12 1 2 Creating and running a script 461 12 2 Creating a script with calculations and expressions 463 12 2 1 Example of a script for Map Calculation 464 12 2 2 Example of a script for Table Calculation 465 12 3 Using parameters in a script eee emen 468 12 4 Running a script from another script eee enn 471 12 5 S pecial script language ce teet teni ee n ied dd 472 gt SUMIMANY S CHIP ES ie cec o agen I mede te pas 472 12 0 FUNCTIONS fic dente teet pte pite ul dM tembitr b emet ea Paga rtp qr 474 System defined functions enne 474 Random functions ccena eie n wee t en ee ne s 474 s MiriMax f lictlofs s ots Red b ete gi ep ee db e dte P b teo 475 User defined functions sssssssssssssssee eene 475 S mnmiabys FUtICtlOFis nhiu dcinde tdt do tr a 478 Presentation of results 479 13 1 IMtrOGUETON ri et diced rt redd bt o td e ee ete 480 Displaying data to be used in the final map 480 13 2 a diee dte e s pr ecd 482 Hints for appropriate use of colors eee 485
18. e of version 1 0 of the Integrated Land and Water Information System ILWIS Two years later ILWIS was launched commercially and ITC started up a distributors network to distribute ILWIS and to support its users worldwide Since then ILWIS has been used extensively as a tool for training research and advisory services all over the world ILWIS was designed to respond to user demands to be low cost and application oriented entirely meeting one of ITC s main objectives i e transferring appropriate technology to developing countries By now over 5000 ILWIS systems are in use in more than 100 countries ILWIS 2 0 the first ILWIS for Windows version was presented in August 1996 after that several upgrades have been released of which the last one was ILWIS 2 23 September 1999 ILWIS 3 0 as released in May 2001 has a completely modernized user interface both for the software and the help Behind the scenes much has changed as well ILWIS changed from a 16 bit into a 32 bit multi threading application and is fully compatible with Windows 95 98 Me NT4 and 2000 All memory allocation limitations caused by segmented memory 64kB blocks have been removed Long file names are allowed and you are able now to select copy and delete multiple objects in the Catalog The readme htm file that is available on the ILWIS 3 0 CD ROM contains e more detailed information about the new functionality of ILWIS 3 0 What ILWIS has to offer IL
19. eer cete ee ee eee rt s 118 4 1 1 Importing raster data through ILWIS import seem 119 4 1 2 Importing raster data through GeoGateway sssssssssseeem 120 4 1 3 Importing through General Raster import 121 4 1 4 Importing vector data through ILWIS import 123 4 1 5 Importing vector data through GeoGateway unre tener 124 Summary Importing data sssssssssseeemeeeeneen enn 125 4 2 Map project NS od ede eate etes e ea 126 The UTM pro JectiQn sce eet Ep repr tee rm istae bo e ies 134 Checking coordinate transformation sss 136 Transforming VeCtOrs tei ete re epe cod ettet eta 138 Summary Map projections ianiai a o a aaa 139 4 3 Vector data management ener eren 140 gt Creating SUD map nns tede dete geo dined I ede d ores 140 Glueing segment maps 140 Masking vector data 45i ese aa 142 Densify segment coordinates sssssssseeeeeeneennen ener 142 Tunnel segt ents scc eb eoe o debe taedet dott 143 Creating a polygon map from a segment map ssssseeeems 144 Creating as segment map from a polygon map ssssssmm 146 Summary Vector data management eee 147 4 4 Vector to Raster conversion emen ener 148 Creating gegrefereng ES npon ie e Ee aie a a 148 Rasterization of a polygon map sssssss eee eene 148 Summary Vector to Raster conversion sss eee 149 4 5 Raster data management see ee tee t ein ears 150 Cre
20. ei cs 379 Summary Area numbering sssssssssse eene 380 9 5 Connectivity calculations cecinere feet cene e e d eer e 381 e Contiguity calculations oo sss 381 Summary Connectivity calculations sss 385 Using Digital Elevation Models 387 10 1 Creating a Digital Elevation Model contour interpolation seess 390 Use of additional point heights sss eee 392 Summary Contour interpolation 394 10 2 Filters applied on Digital Elevation Models occ emm 395 e Creating a hillshading map emen 395 USING gradient filters ru Seer redet ete OE PURO ne 396 Calculating slope shape 397 Filters used to calculate internal relief 399 Summary filters used on Digital Elevation Models eee 400 10 3 Creating a slope Map onec eese nodo 401 10 4 Slope direction aspect sire ad ene rero ee een ee dde 403 10 5 Display 3D xs mos RR ott ated etu to RB Ded AS 405 3D view with raster draping ssssesennnennnnernnnnen nnns 410 Adding vector layers to a 3D view 411 SUMMARY IDA ld 5 Rete ens n eem enc ee 412 10 6 Creating cross sections from a DEM sss emen 414 Spatial data analysis geostatistical tools 417 Visualization of the input data sssssssssseeeeeneeenenen nnne 418 FII Pattern analysis adas 420 Summary Pattern analysis eren 423 11 2 Spatial autocorrelation of point data sss enne 424 Summary
21. em or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic photocopying or otherwise without permission in writing from ITC Contact adresses For general information about ILWIS please contact ITC ILWIS Phone 31 53 4874 401 Hengelosestraat 99 Fax 31 53 4874 484 P O Box 6 E mail ilwis itc nl 7500 AA Enschede Web site http www itc nl ilwis The Netherlands Other e mail adresses We have special e mail addresses for various ILWIS related subjects General information Bug reports info ilwis itc nl bugs ilwis itc nl Technical support Wishes for new functionality support ilwis itc nl wishes ilwis itc nl Pricing and ordering sales ilwis itc nl Authors and Acknowledgements The original ILWIS 2 0 and 2 1 User s Guides were created by Cees van Westen and Jamshid Farifteh All exercise data was prepared by Cees van Westen Furthermore Ben Maathuis and Gerrit Huurneman made contributions to and provided data for chapter 6 and Freek van der Meer and Paul van Dijk for chapter 11 This ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide has been rewritten and extended by Raymond Nijmeijer chapters 1 2 6 7 8 10 11 Arend de Haas chapters 3 4 5 13 and Remco Dost chapters 9 and 12 Raymond Nijmeijer made sure all chapters were properly finalized Petra Budde guided the authors and proofread all chapters Raymond Nijmeijer and Petra Budde are responsible for the entire contents of this book We would like to thank I
22. ferencling iii ia 76 e Digitizing control points ener 80 Summary Map referencing sssssssssssssee eee 82 3 2 Digitizing a POINT Imap ote Ee Hr FERE DR EU DERI nr chim tenderness 83 t Digitizing Points id 85 Editing a pO a aa eren edidere dea dde 86 e MOVING a PO Muriano idet etn bee p o Pe aa ts 86 gt Deleting a polnEsa soot e pono gba rea e a ed E e ns 87 3 3 Digitizing a segment map eer iere rrr e o qr RD D Ee Genie 88 s ZOOMING IN ice tiec t t e t te I n EN de Pct e P een 92 e Digitizing segments er rectae e e terne a nee AA a 92 Change the position of a point 98 Deleting a segment eeibom ai 99 Displaying segments in different colors sss 100 3 4 Digitizing contour NINES vs ta Pese te RE REC T RE te 101 3 5 Creating a polygon map ener 104 Checking segimelts ee ata laf bt 104 Creating a label point file 110 e Creating the polygon map ssssssssse nee 111 Editing polygOtis oet ete te ee td he tpe tede dent dedos 112 Summary Digitizing maps sssseeeeeeenenn ennemis 113 3 6 Additional information on digitizing photographs ccc cece reteteetseteeeeees 115 Monoplotting on the digitizer ssssssseenenenennen nenne 115 Sereen digitizing oec een eot tte ert rb e en te ets 115 s OfthophOtO0 d o neo ceto eei eie c ee n e ee a i ph E HER RR 115 Spatial data management 117 A J Importing digital data cc
23. iences Modeling with GIS Computer methods in the Geosciences Pergamon Press Oxford 398 pp De By R A ed 2000 Principles of Geographic Information Systems an introductory textbook ITC Enschede 230 pp ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide Preface Janssen L L E ed 2000 Principles of Remote Sensing an introductory textbook ITC Enschede 170 pp Lillesand T M and R W Kiefer 2000 Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation 4 edition John Wiley amp Sons New York 724 pp Sabins EF Jr 1996 Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation 3 edition W H Freeman and Co New York 494 pp Structure of the ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide The ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide has been structured in a way that you can start with any chapter It is advisable however to follow the order of the book since it reflects the data flow of working with a GIS The ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide consists of 13 chapters Chapter 1 Introduction to ILWIS is intended to get you started with ILWIS and to show you the basics of the user interface Chapter 2 Main concepts of ILWIS presents key concepts of ILWIS Chapter 3 Spatial data input allows you to practice digitizing maps and importing maps and images from other software packages Chapter 4 Spatial data management explains all ILWIS activities used to arrange your spatial data in a way that it can be used for analysis Chapter 5 Attribute data handling deals with the use of tables i e
24. in courses given at ITC The data and documentation of the ILWIS 2 1 Applications Guide is available on the CD ROM but you can also download the data from the ILWIS web site http www itc nl ilwis From this site it is also possible to download other exercises like for example the exercise on creating an Orthophoto as included in the ILWIS 2 2 Guide vi ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide
25. is is a tip box It is used to give tips We assume that after a certain procedure is explained a few times such as opening or closing maps and other objects you will be familiar with it and therefore basic things are not repeated too often Using the ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide in courses The ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide is intended to be used both on an individual basis for learning how to work with ILWIS 3 0 as well as in GIS and Image Processing courses Since the ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide covers most of the functionality of ILWIS 3 0 it is too large to be treated in a single course In the following scheme the recommended exercises are shown for courses with different duration Introductory GIS courses Intended for persons without prior knowledge of GIS and ILWIS 1 day course Chapter 1 2 5 days course Chapter 1 2 and parts of chapters 5 5 1 to 5 3 chapter 7 7 1 to 7 3 and chapter 8 8 1 8 2 and 8 4 2 weeks course Chapter 1 2 3 4 4 1 4 3 to 4 5 5 7 8 13 13 3 to 13 5 1 month course Chapter 1 2 3 4 4 1 4 3 to 4 5 5 7 8 9 9 1 9 3 10 and 13 ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide Preface Advanced GIS courses Intended for students already familiar with the basics of GIS and ILWIS 1 week course Chapter 4 4 1 to 4 3 4 6 9 2 weeks course Chapter 4 4 1 to 4 3 4 6 9 10 month course Chapter 4 4 1 to 4 3 4 6 9 10 11 12 13 13 7 For advanced courses with a longer dur
26. la sss 289 e Classifying value maps with Map Calc formulas 290 Summary Using MapCalc formulas for retrieval and re classification 291 7 4 Reclassifying a map with attribute data nnns 293 Summary Reclassifying a map with attributes oo sse 295 7 5 Classifying a value map Slicing sss 296 Temporary classification for display options 297 Permanent classification using the Slicing operation 298 Permanent classification using the CLFY function in MapCalc 300 Summary Classifying a value map 0 tite 301 7 6 Measurement operations on point maps ssssssssee nennen 302 e Measurement operations on point data oo ee 302 e Calculating the number of points 302 P olht densliy roo i aee ene ne ee nee eee RR AE 303 Distance between points sssssssssse eene 304 s Pointin POlygoEt associe ee t e He e n ee Ree dle 305 Summary measurement operations on point maps sss 306 7 7 Measurement operations on segment maps sssssssee emen 307 Segment histogram of value maps 308 Segment directions and Rose diagrams ssssssssseeeeee 309 Calculating segment density 309 Summary measurement operations on segment maps sssssssse 311 7 8 Measurement operations on polygon maps sss 312 7 9 Measurement operations on raster maps ssssssssssemeeeemeemeeenen 313 Summary Histogram calculation on polygon and raster maps
27. n surrounding the city of Cochabamba in Bolivia Only when the Cochabamba data was not suitable for explaining certain operations we selected some other examples ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide iii Preface The data set All data files for the exercises in the ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide are included on the ILWIS 3 0 CD ROM and can also be downloaded from the ILWIS web site On the CD ROM the User s Guide data can be found in E Data ILWIS 3 0 Users Guide Data where E is the drive letter of the CD ROM drive a3 For each chapter there is a subdirectory which stores the data that is required for the exercises of that chapter e g E Data ILWIS 3 0 Users Guide Data Chapter01 During the installation of ILWIS you can install the User s Guide Data directly on your hard disk The default installation directory for the User s Guide data is C ILWIS 3 0 Data Users Guide with subdirectories for every chapter These subdirectories of C ILWIS 3 0 Data Users Guide will be the working directories for the exercises of each chapter For example when you start with the exercises for the first chapter you should go to the directory C ILWIS 3 0 Data Users Guide Chapter01 When you have finished the exercises for a certain chapter and you want to continue with the next one you should change directory If you did not install the data files during the installation of ILWIS you should do e so before continuing You can also use the Windows Explo
28. rer to copy the data files from the CD ROM to your hard disk In case you use Windows Explorer you have to turn off the read only attribute of the data files manually When you wish to repeat the exercises for a chapter it is recommended that you copy the original data files from the CD ROM or use the ILWIS Installation pro gram so that you always start with the original files and not with files which may have been altered The CD ROM and the ILWIS web site furthermore include the ILWIS software the example data and the text and data for the ILWIS 2 1 Applications Guide ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide Preface Conventions used in the ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide This manual is formatted in such a way that the specific actions dealing with the software are separated from the accompanying text This is an exercise box You can follow the instructions step by step Words in Times New Roman 10 Italics are keywords Formulas that should be entered are shown in Courier New 10 For example MapC MapA MapB All information that should be supplied by the user is also shown in Courier New 10 as well as all the names of objects maps tables columns etc For example Geology The names of operations dialog boxes and the options in dialog boxes are shown in Arial 10 For example Display Options Raster Map This is an arrow Wi When you see this arrow you know that the exercise continues on the next page Th
29. ris van Duren for providing additional data for chapter 5 and Alfred Stein and Ambro Gieske for providing geostatistical data for chapter 11 All data for the ILWIS 3 0 User s Guide has been checked by Jelger Kooistra and the exercises were tested by Boudewijn van Leeuwen and Andr Nagelhout We are indebted to Henk Scharrenborg of Composer DTP Service who preprocessed the whole User s Guide before printing and we thank Andries Menning for the cover design Hendrik Prins and Lyande Eelderink are acknowledged for their coordination efforts to get this book published Finally we like to thank the following persons and organizations for providing data Shilpam Pandey urban data Carlos Valenzuela Rolando Mora Chinchilla geomorpho logical data contour data Dr Roberto M ndez from PROMIC Projecto de Manejo Integral de Cuencas Cochabamba satellite images digitital topographic maps airphotos The SPOT images for the exercises are used with permission from SPOT Image the Landsat TM images with permission from EOSAT the Ikonos image with permission of Space Imaging NEO BV Includes material 2000 SIE S A original ERS1 and ERS2 data ESA 1995 as distributed by Eurimage The Dnnet E00 file of chapter 4 is part of the Digital Chart of the World ESRI and has been downloaded from the Digital Chart of the World Server at Penn State University Libraries http www maproom psu edu dcw The Global 30 Arc Second Elevation D
30. ss filters e eror aa akin dead n eee 226 e Create and apply a user defined Laplace filter sse 226 Directional filtrs eec e UU ende eit tea eed edt 227 Summary Image enhancement nnns 229 Visualizing multi band images ococciccninnonccnnnninnononanononnconnnnonnnn non hene 230 6 3 1 Color composites n nee die ma rdc e re dd 230 Interactive false and pseudo natural color composites 231 Permanent Color Composites eee enn 233 Summary Visualizing multi band images sss 233 Geometric corrections and image referencing ssssssssssssss eee 235 6 4 1 Geo referencing using corner coordinates sssssssseee ee 236 6 4 2 Geo referencing a raster image using reference points wees 238 6 4 3 Image to image registration emen 242 6 4 4 Geo coding a raster image by resampling sssem 245 Adding projection information to a coordinate system additional EXERCISE e EN 247 Summary Geometric corrections and image referencing 247 Multiband Operations eene eint nece eem aee RE et a 249 6 5 1 Image ratios Brightness variations sssssssemnnnn 249 6 5 2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ssssssssseeemen 250 653 Mu lti band statistics esee ete ble det de dean 252 6 5 4 Principal components analysis ssssssssssssse eee eene 254 6 525 Image arithmetics tede decet e ete LA 257
31. ssssssssseeeeee eene ener enne 47 Summary About coordinate systems ssssssssssssseee eee 49 2 6 More about georeferences sssssssssssssssseeee eee eene nnne 50 Summary About georeferences sssssssssseeeeennenennne nennen enn 52 2 1 Attribute data sito edt e eb ca re re ett aia 53 e Summary Attribute datan ni eh a en ede end 54 2 8 Pixel Information windOW sssssssssssseee eene 55 Summary Pixel Information window ssssseenennnnenes 57 2 9 Details view of a Catalog ne ethehede colon necat e aos as aterert iret res 58 Summary Details view of a Catalog sss 59 2 10 Object properties and dependency links sssssssR e 60 Dependencles 55 never A E DE len RC DIES 63 Summary Object properties and dependency links 68 2 11 How to use geographic data in ILWIS ooo seem 70 Data In pULcqcossiaomeim eti tO OEA UE td nr n eene 70 Data management ettet eene rele i eir eria 70 Data analysis teet etude e 70 Data output be hots inutile etie Eb tte aptent eitis 70 Spatial data input 71 Introduction to digitizing eit e a e e ndn 71 3 1 Map coordinates versus digitizer coordinates ssssssssssssse eee 73 3 1 1 Creating a coordinate system sssssssssssssssssse eene 73 3 12 Digitizer Setup cu ee en etd ue epe te t eut is 75 e Using WIN TADS sss eet eere i e te en ee s 75 Using Digitizer Setup Wizard 76 3 1 3 Map re
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search