MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLER SERVICE MANUAL
Contents
1. MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLER RE18 SERVICE MANUAL Contents 1 Applicatlorn 5 7 three 3 3 Installation wa 4 4 Operation 11 5 Parameters viaaa vainaa 14 5 1 Table of 14 5 2 AJarTris oet acit he Yee nnde e ENSE RIEN 19 5 9 20 5 4 Heating cooling control 20 5 5 Valve control rentrer rer rnt 21 5 6 Securily COd6S ecc i cec ite 21 6 Special functions 22 6 1 Selecting special functions 22 6 2 Manual control ssssssseeeeeneee 22 6 3 TUNING aa ode re ote ccm aN Ott 23 6 4 Measurement of two wire line resistance 23 6 5 Return to the factory s 23 T Tuning rere 24 7 1 Self tuning 24 7 2 Manual tuning 26 8 Technical specifications 28 9 Ordering codes 31 10 Maintenance and guarantee 32 1 APPLICATION The RE18 microprocessor controller is intended to control tempe rature or other physical quantities e g pressure humidity level converted into electrical sig2. of output fora control output with a proportional control output k has or 2 c The value of the output signal is flashing on the lower display and can be changed using m or keys in the range 0 0 100 for the alarm or steering output with switch on off control The switch o state or switch of state of the output is presented on lower display 22 for the value control The valve opening is carried out during the key pressing The valve closing is carried out during the Ee key pressing The valve state is presented on lower display ofEn opening cL oS closing Sto stopping The return to the automatic work follows after pressing the rx key 6 3 Self tuning the PID controller automatic selection of settings The auto function induces the algorithm of self tuning The conditions and operations principle of the function has been described in the chapter 7 6 4 Measurement of a two line resistance In controllers with resistance thermometer sensors connected by a two wire one should introduce the line resistance value para meters 2 and 3 in the table 2 or measure in accordance to the following procedure shorten the sensor terminals enter into the mode IV and fetch the function the measured resistance value is flashing on the lower display After the value stabilisation accept it by the key A lead resistance higher then 20 Q will not be accepted 6 5
3. Return to the producer s settings Producer s settings can be restored after entering into the mode IV fetch the Ab function and accept the value on The function does not change the input type 23 7 TUNING SELECTION OF PID CONTROLLER SETTINGS 7 1 Self tuning Two methods of self tuning control functions have been used in the controller The fut o parameter set on dEn means that PID parameters will be calculated on the base of the inertial object cha racteristic Fig 10 however when the futo parameter is set on then PID parameters will be calculated on the base of oscil lations around the set value see Fig 11 You must choose the oscillation method only when over regulations above the set value do not cause damages of charge and the object It is required to set the controller into the automatic control mode when starting self adapting control function Q the indicator must be lighting The flashing upper display informs about the activity of the self tuning function The duration time of the self adapting control func tion depends on the object and can last up to 2 hours The longer the delay the longer the time of setting choice is After finishing the self tuning control function new PID settings are automatically memorised into the nonvolatile memory For valve control the out k parameter is set on Ye 5 the integrating element is swit ched off parameter 0 The self tuning process can be sto
4. V a c d c 00 standard execution 0 without additional requirements 10 MAINTENANCE AND GUARANTEE The RE18 controller does not require any periodical maintenance In case of some incorrect operations 1 In the period defined in the guarantee card from the date of purchase In case of any damage or incorrect operation one should take the controller down from the installation and return it to the LUMEL s Quality Control Department If the unit has been used in compliance with the instructions given in this service manual LUMEL S A guarantees to repair it free of charges The disassembling of the housing causes the cancellation of the granted guarantee 2 After the guarantee period One should turn over the indicator to repair in a certified service workshop Spare parts are available for a period of ten years from the date of purchase LUMEL S A reserves the right to make changes in design and specification of any products as engineering advances or necessity requires 32 33 SALES PROGRAMME DIGITAL PANEL METERS BARGRAPH INDICATORS MEASURING TRANSDUCERS ANALOGUE PANEL METERS DIN INSTRUMENTS DIGITAL CLAMP ON METERS PROCESS and HOUSEHOLD CONTROLLERS CHART and SCREEN RECORDERS POWER CONTROL UNITS and FREQUENCY INVERTERS AUTOMOTIVE DASHBOARD INDICATORS STATIONARY and PORTABLE CALIBRATORS MEASUREMENT ACCESSORIES SHUNTS SENSORS TRANSFORMERS MEASURING SYSTEMS ENERG
5. the input connected one Replace the sensor The flashing of 99 9 or 999 9 digit on the upper display means that measured value exceeds the displayed value To display the measured value one must lower the number of digits after the decimal point see parameter t PP 13 5 CONTROLLER PARAMETERS 5 1 List of parameters List of configuration parameters Mode II Table 2 It Parameter Symbol on Producer Range Explanations name the display setting of changes 1 Kind of input Pe 19 Pti Pt100 Pe i8 Pt1000 ad Ni100 ful 100 t 3 hermocouple J t t hermocouple T t H hermocouple K t S hermocouple S t r hermocouple R t b hermocouple B hermocouple tla hermocouple N t ch her chromel kopel PERA 0 400 Q 02 20 2 0 0 20 mA 4 28 4 20 mA 2 10 0 10 V 2 01 0 1V 2 Type of line t i e P e P 2 wire line 3 P 3 wire line 3 Resistance of eck 0 0 0 0 20 0 Qlonly for resistance two wire line thermometer inputs 4 Compensation of fon Auto Auto automatic temperature of compensation cold junctions for 0 0 50 0 C temperature of thermocouples cold junction Auto 0 1 lub 50 1 5 Number of digits t c PP 0 0 1 2 0 without decimal digit after the decimal 1 with one digit after point in the the decimal point displayed value 2 with two digits after concern the decimal point ranges process value and set point 14 only for line
6. the requirements of the IEC 1010 1 A1 safety requirements Remarks concerning the operator safety 3 1 General The RE18 controller is designed to be mounted on a panel Non authorised removal of the required housing inappropriate use incorrect installation or operation create the risk of injury to person or damage to the equipment For more detailed information please see the service manual All operations concerning transport installation and commissioning as well as maintenance must be carried out by qualified skilled personnel and national regulations for the prevention of accidents must be observed According to this basic safety information qualified skilled personnel are persons who are familiar with the installation assembly commissioning and operation of the product and who have qualifications necessary for their occupation 3 2 Transport storage Please observe the notes on transport storage and appropriate handling Observe the climatic conditions given in Technical Data 3 3 Installation The controller must be installed according to the regulation and instructions given in this user manual Ensure proper handling and avoid mechanical stress Do not bend any components and do not change any insulation distances Do not touch any electronic components and contacts Instruments may contain electrostatically sensitive components which can easily be damage by inappropriate handling D
7. PtRh10 Pt 50 1760 C 0 3 t 5 PtRh13 Pt R 50 1760 0 3 e PtRh30 PtRh6 B 300 1800 C 03 t b NiCr CuNi E 100 1000 0 2 NiCrSi NiSi N 100 1300 0 2 n Chromel kopel 0 800 C 0 2 t ch Resistance 0 4000 02 ren Linear input Linear currentl 0 20 4 20mA 02 G 28 4 28 Linear voltage U 0 1V 0 10V 02 06 01 0 38 Control algorithm On Off type with hysteresis PID with self tuning Sampling time 0 5s Setting ranges of controller parameters see tables 2 and 3 28 Methods of output action reverse action for heating ow direct action for cooling di Kinds of control two state reverse or direct control heating cooling or cooling cooling control valve closing opening control Ramp rate Outputs Supply of two wire line object transducers Reference and rated operation conditions supply voltage depends on option code supply voltage frequency ambient temperature air relative humidity external magnetic field working position resistance of leads connecting the resistance thermometer to the controller 0 999 9 unit min electromagnetic relays with contact load 220 V 2A 0 4 2440 VA 24 V d c max 25 mA only in linear inputs controllers galvanic insulation 90 115 230 254 V a c d c or 20 24 40 V a c d c 48 50 68 Hz 5 23 40 C 25 85 lt 400 A m any 10 Q lead 29 Power consumpt
8. S5c Oscillation method 11 Control cont on off Control stopped continuation after after switching the supply decay supply on on Control is continued after switching the supply on 12 Security code for S Cc 0000 0000 9999 When SEfe gt 0000 the configuration then the application of its value during the parameter change is required 1 The range and the parameter format depend on the t c PP parameter number of digits after the decimal point 2 The Stopped control can be reset by pressing simul List of work parameters Mode III aneously and keys 3 The control can be stopped by pressing simultaneously and keys 4 Parameters are not changed after accessing the function Return the Manufacturer settings Table 3 It Parameter Symbol on Producer Range of Explanations name thedisplay setting change 1 Set point SP 0 SPLL range and format of the SPLH parameter depend on LcPP parameter value 2 Ramprate during nfr o 0 0 0 999 9 Allows a soft reaching soft start junits min from the current temperature to the Set point after power on or after change of the set point When it equals zero the function is switched off 16 It Parameter Symbol on Producer Range of Explanations name the display setting chage 3 Parameters PA for channel Pid 4 Proportional Band P5 10 0 0 999 9 Defines the int
9. Y HEAT CONTROL MEASUREMENT CUSTOM MADE PRODUCTS WE ALSO OFFER OUR SERVICES IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY PRESSURE CASTINGS PRESSURE CASTING DIES AND INJECTION MOULDS PRECISION ENGINEERING AND THERMOPLASTICS PARTS QUALITY PROCEDURES According ISO 9001 international requirements All our instruments have CE mark For more information please write to or phone our Export Department LUMEL Lubuskie Zaktady Aparat w Elektrycznych LUMEL S A ul Sulechowska 1 65 950 Zielona G ra Poland Tel 48 68 32 95 1 00 exchange Fax 48 68 32 95 1 01 e mail lumel glumel com pl http www lumel com pl Export Department Tel 48 68 329 51 89 Fax 48 68 325 40 91 e mail export lumel com pl LUMEL S A May 2003
10. ar inputs for thermocouples t PP 0 without change possibility It Parameter Symbol on Producer Range Explanations name the display setting of changes 6 Shift of measured Sh F 0 999 999 Parameter added to the value measured value compensation of the temperature difference between the sensor and the object 7 Low range of SPLL 2000r0 999 For the linear inputs the set point or SPLH SPLLand SPLH parameters allow displaying of measured values in physical units i e the spll value corresponds to the lower input range however the St value corresponds to the upper range e g 20 mA For resistance thermometer 8 High range SPLH 8500r100 5PLL inputs SPL Land 5PLH as above 9999 parameters limit the range of the set point 9 Output functions oot ofF No used output oute Bh i Control output of channel ge c Control output of channel Il cooling heating cooling control ge 5 Control output of channel II closing the valve Ah process high alarm filo process low alarm dbhi deviation high alarm doblo deviation low alarm dbhi deviation external alarm dbin deviation internal alarm Err indication of sensor failure 15 It Parameter Symbol on Producer Range Explanations name the display setting of changes 10 Algorithm of Auto off off Algorithm switched off selftuning dEn Method of object identification o
11. dir Direct acting 11 PID Parameters PAr Occurs when one of for the channel Il 2 dc the output is set as cooling Ye c 12 Proportional Band Pb c 10 0 0 999 9 Defines the interval of the channel II above of the setpoint for cooling in which the control signal is proportional to the control deviation When Pb cz 0 then the ON OFF type control is chosen 13 Integral Time of i e 0 0 3600s jasfor to the channel II 14 Derivate Time of tg c 0 0 1000s jas for tg the channel II 15 Hysteresis for H c 1 0 0 99 9 When the control in the the channel II channel Il is ON OFF type 16 Cycle Time of to c 20 1 250s explanations as for toto the channel Il 17 Dead band Hn 10 0 0 99 9 For valve control of the set point dead band is around the set point For the heating cooling control the parameter added to the set point for the channel defines the set point for the channel II cooling 18 It Parameter Symbol on Producer Range Explanations name the display setting of changes 18 Alarm PAC Parameters Air 19 Set point xASP SPLH SPLL Value generating the for the alarm x output No SPLH action of the alarm output 20 Alarm hysteresis xR 1 0 0 0 99 9 Interval around x8 SP x output in which changes of the input quantity does not create changes of the alarm state 21 Latch alarm off ofF Alarm latching x output No o
12. e Load output 1 or output 2 to or to c resistance electromagnetic recommended gt 20 s 2 A 250 V AC relay min 105 or contactor min 5s 1 A 250 V AC 5 4 Heating cooling control The control is used during heating and cooling You must set the parameter outk on the value 2 and set the zone of the channel separation 4 The second channel operates for the set point equals 5 Hn as a direct controller You must define parameters Pb c c t d c Hi c to c according to table 3 The operation of the heating cooling controller with the algorithm of P type is shown on the Fig 7 output channel l heating 4 channel II cooling c 100976 152 input Pb Hn Pb c Fig 7 The heating cooling control 20 5 5 Valve control This control is used to control a valve One must set the outk parameter on the value 2 5 and set the dead band around the set point Hn The first channel opening the valve operates for the set point equal 5 5 2 as a reverse controller The second channel closing the valve operates for the set point equal 4n 2 as a direct controller PID parameters for the second channel are the same as for the first channel For the valve control a control of PD type is recommended The operation of the valve controller with an algorithm of P type is shown on the drawing No 8 output channel l opening channel II closing de 5 100 Pb Ha Pb i
13. e manufacturer s documentation Read all product specific safety and application notes in this service manual Before taking the controller housing out one must turn the supply off The removal of the instrument housing during the guarantee contract period may cause its cancellation 10 4 OPERATION The frontal plate of the controller is shown on the Fig 3 Signalling of output state and working mode Function of indicators output state 1 Display of l output state 2 measured valie NY manual control Display of set point or parameter Fig 3 Frontal plate layout Keys functions entry into the mode of parameters changes menu selection of working parameters changes acceptance of the introduced data increase of the parameter value change of the displayed value on the lower display w decrease of the selected parameter value selection of special functions return to the previous level cancel introduced changes selection of the controller configuration menu 11 The process value is displayed on the upper display The set points or process parameters marked by an appropriate symbol are presented on the lower display 4 driving signal of the channel 1 driving signal of the channel 2 cooling The diagram of controller operation is presented
14. erval of the channel below the setpoint in which the control signal is proportional to the control deviation When 25 0 the ON OFF type of control is chosen 5 Integral Time ti 300 0 3600s Time necessary to of the channel I double the signal coming from proportional part When 0 the integration element is switched off 6 Derivate Time of to 60 0 1000s Time necessary to the channel equalise the signal coming from the proportional part with the signal coming from the differentiating relement When t d 0 to the differentiating element is switched off 7 Cycle Time to 20 1 250 Period which the pulse repetition operating time of the period of the control output is channel proportional to the control value Only for the proportional control 8 Hysteresis of the H 1 0 0 99 9 Interval around the channel setpoint in which changes of the input quantity does not generate changes of the main output state The parameter is active when the control of ON OFF type was chosen 17 It Parameter Sybol on Producer Range Explanations name thedisplay setting of changes 9 Manual reset of 0 0 0 0 100 For the control of P or Pd t 0 type the integration time 0 the value added to the control signal in order to compensate the control constant deviation 10 Control action conf Reverse acting
15. g line input controllers the current input 0 20mA is set If another sensor is connected to the controller one must change the parame ter The set point is adjusted at the beginning of the measuring range Parameter changes can be made after pressing the key For numerical parameters the less significant digit is flashing change the value by lt or keys For the acceptance of the introduced change press the key The change of the number value is carried out in the range defined for the adjusted parameter For non numerical parameters the whole lower display is flashing After pressing or keys successive inscriptions defined for the adjusted parameter appear on the display To accept the adjusted value press the key to cancel introduced changes press the key In case of any abnormality in the controller operation or error in electrical connections an appropriate error code appears in the upper display Error code Tabele 1 Error code Reason Solution A short circuit in the sensor Change or correctly connect the circuit or the exceeding of the sensor Check if the selected sensor lower measuring range on the type is in conformity with the input connected one Replace the sensor Break in the circuit or lack of Change or correctly connect the HEr sensor or the exceeding of the sensor Check if the selected sensor upper measuring range on the type is in conformity with
16. ion Weight IP protection the housing 08106 from the front side from the terminal side Additional errors in rated operational conditions caused by compensation of resistance change of leads in a three wire line compensation of the temperature change of thermocouple cold junction change of the ambient temperature Preheating time Safety requirements acc basic insulation installation category pollution level Electromagnetic compatibility immunity acc EN 50082 2 emission acc EN 50081 2 30 max 5 VA 0 2 kg IP 40 IP 20 0 2 2 C 0 2 10 K 20 min IEC 1010 1 A1 and IEC 1010 1 A1 A2 III 2 9 ORDERING CODES Controller ordering codes Table 7 Input universal temperature input for thermocouples and resistance thermometers 1 linear current input 0 4 20 mA linear voltage 0 1 10V 2 on order 9 Supply voltage 90 230 254 V a c d c 20 24 40 V a c d c 2 Execution standard 00 custom made execution 99 Additional requirements bez dodatkowych wymagan 0 without additional requirements according users agreement x The producer will settle the code symbol After agreeing by the producer Ordering example The RE18 1 1 00 0 code means A controller of RE18 type with 1 universal temperature input for thermocouples and resistance thermometers with 2 relays 1 supply voltage 90 254
17. istic presenting the controlled quantity in function of the time one must read out the object delay time T and the maximal accretion rate of the temperature ramp rate from the dependence Ax max Mox The controller Pid setting be calculated according to given formulas Xp 1 1 V nax To proportional band ti 2 4 T integral time td 0 4 T derivation time 26 b oscillation method 4 100 Time sec Temp C 4 SP Time sec Fig 11 Choice of settings through the oscillation method Calculate controller PID settings in accordance with the given formulas Xp P proportional band ti T integral time td T 6 derivation time 27 8 TECHNICAL DATA Input signals The controller has its input with the possibility to connect an optional input signal resistance thermoelectric power voltage or current Input signals measuring ranges Table 6 Basic measurment Sensor type Designation Range error of the Symbol on real value in the display of the range Temperature input Pt100 wg PN EN 60751 A2 1997 Pt100 200 850 0 2 Pt1000 wg PN EN 60751 A2 1997 Pt1000 200 850 C 0 2 Pe id Ni100 1 617 Ni100 60 180 C 0 3 md Cu100 1 426 Cu100 50 180 0 3 Co Fe CuNi J 100 1200 0 2 t Cu CuNi T 100 400 C 0 3 t t NiCr NiAl K 100 1370 0 2 t H
18. n switched off Alarm latching Switched on 22 Security code SECP 9899 5 2 Kinds of alarm The drawings below describe alarm types fal ALP Lf ALSP a process high alarm 4h C deviation high do deviation external dbhi 5P the setpoint fa jSP ALSP SP d SP ALSP j SP AL SP SP AL SP SP SP Lt SP AL SP SPALSP Fig 6 Kinds of alarms f b process low alarm amp t o d deviation low d t o f deviation internal xSP the setpoint on the x output 19 5 3 Cycle Time Cycle time is the time between successive starts of the disconti nous output during the proportional control The length of the cyc le time can be chosen depending on the dynamic properties of the object and the appropriatness to the output device For fast pro cessing it is recommended to use SSR relay or a continuous out put The relay output is used for steering contactors in slow chan ging processes The use of long cycle time for steering high frequ ency processes can cause undesirable effects in the shape of oscil lations In theory the smaller the cycle time the better the control is however for the relay output it should be as high as possible in order to prolong the relay life Recommendations concerning the cycle time Table 4 Output device Cycle tim
19. nal The controller displays processing value set point and output signal on two displays The controller has two outputs what enables the two stage control the three stage of heating cooling type control the valve control three stage step by step control and alarm signalling The automatic setting choice of the PID controller ensures an optimal control quality 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTROLLER SET The set consists of controller 1 pc service manual 1 pc guarantee certificate 1 pc holders 2 pcs 3 INSTALLATION Prepare a cut out of 92 96 x 45 06 mm in the panel The panel material thickness should be up to 6 mm The controller should be placed from the front of the panel with the power supply switched off After the controller is fixed fasten it with holders Fig 1 RE18 Controller overall dimensions The RE18 controller fulfils requirements concerning the service safety in accordance with EN 61010 standard and EMC immunity against interference occurring in the industrial environment containing a certain amount of noise in the form of transient voltages and spikes according EN 50082 2 standard This electrical noise can enter and adversely affect the operation of microprocessor based controls Different interference sources occuring practically influence the controller indications in a continuous or pulse way from the side of the main supply as
20. ng different signals should be led in the greatest distance from each other not less then 30 cm and crossings of such conductors must be executed at right angle In the controller rear part there is a socket of terminal strip to which the mains and external circuits are connected Electrical connections must be carried out acc the Fig 2 Supply Outputs Inputs a Rear terminal layout Resistance thermometer in a Resistance thermometer in two wire connection or a three wire connection resistance measurement aes lt U GND 5 2 11 Voltage input 0 1 10 V Current input 0 4 20 mA b input signals Wyjscie 1 Wyjscie 2 c relay outputs d supply of object transducers Fig 2 Controller electric diagrams Basic requirements and user s safety Symbols located in this service manual mean WARNING Warning of potentially hazardous situations Especially important One must be aware of with this before connecting the controller Ignoring the notices marked by these symbols can cause severe injuries and damage of the equipment CAUTION Designates a general useful note Following these instructions make handling the controller AN easier One must take note of this when the instrument is working inconsistently to the expectations Complications may arise if disregarded In the security scope the controller meets
21. nput Fig 8 Valve control 5 6 Security codes 5ECc parameters for configuration parameters and SEC for working parameters of the controller secure the controller against the interference of incompetent persons The security codes are switched off by the manufacturer i e they equal 0 After setting all necessary parameters and after checking the correctness of the controller operation you can set the security codes After setting the code the change of parameters is preceded by inputing its value Only the change of the set points is directly accessible 21 In order to change the security code one must give the hitherto existing SEC value then introduce the new S amp fevalue If an incorrect code has been given the 5 inscription is displayed untill you press any optional key 6 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS 6 1 Selecting special functions Press and hold the key for 3 s see Fig 5 entry into the mode IV and then by pressing the and keys select the appropriate function Return to mode by pressing mam key 6 2 Manual control The manual control is useful for setting to work the control on the object and for identification the object parameters You can manually control any optional output by calling the St k tryb IV function mode IV where k means the output number The process value is shown on the upper display On the lower display the following values are shown depending on the kind
22. o not damage or destroy any electrical components since this might endanger your health 3 4 Electrical connection N Before switching the controller on you must check the correctness ofthe connection to the network n case of the protection terminal connection with a separate lead one must remember to connect it before the connection of the instrument to the mains When working on live instruments the applicable national regulations for the prevention of accidents must be observed The electrical installation must be carried out according to the appropriate regulations cable cross sections fuses PE connection Additional information can be obtained from the service manual The documentation contains information about installation in compliance with EMC shielding grounding filters and cables These notes must be observed for all CE marked products The manufacturer of the measuring system or installed devices is responsible for the compliance with the required limit values demanded by the EMC legislation 3 5 Operation Measuring systems including the controller must be equipped with protection devices according to the corresponding standard and regulations for prevention of accidents After the instrument has been disconnected from the supply voltage live components and power connections must not be touched immediately because capacitors can be charged 3 6 Maintenance and servicing Please observe th
23. on the Fig 4 Power on Mode I control of the process Upper display process variable Lower display set point After pressing the key the following values are shown on the lower display preceeded by ap propriate symbols control signal for heating control signal for cooling Releasing of latched alarms and Stopping and initiating of the automatic control and keys ra Mode Ill change and or review of controller work parameters set point ramp rate PID parameters alarm parameters security code Mode IV special functions To select required function press then key manual control of output 1 or 2 for3s Stt and 5260 e automatic setting selection Rut o resistance measurement of 2 wire line ti return to factory parameters nF Ab Mode controller configuration selection of the main input parameters of the selected input line type resistance compensation of cold junction range of set point etc configuration of particular outputs control alarms signalling of sensor failure algorythm of autotuning security codes Fig 4 Diagram of RE18 operation 12 After switching the supply to the mains on the test of displays is completed and the program version is displayed Then the Pt100 sensor is set in the thermometric input controllers usin
24. pped without the calculation of PID settings if the set value is too near of the measured value i e the control deviation is smaller then 5 of the range for the d method the accessible heating power is too small to reach the setpoint the ra key has been pressed When changing settings manually one must introduce the change of only one parameter and check effect When changing PID parameters one must run in accordance of the following principles free answer of the object decrease the proportional band the integral time the derivate time 24 over control increase the proportional band and the derivate time oscillations increase the proportional band and the integral time decrease the derivate time instability increase the integral time It is recommended that the integral time was at least five times higher then the derivation time Symptoms of wrong choice of PID settings and recommended corrections Table 5 Run of controlled Algorythms of the controller action quantity P PD PI PID Fel Pb kel Ed Fe Ph bd Pal PED Ed Ed Pb Ed Ew Pol ET Phl b 25 7 2 Manual choice of PID settings a method of the object identification wie 100 xec t sec t sec Fig 10 Characteristic of the inertial object after switching the Y control signal on From the object character
25. the result of other device actions and also overlaps the measured signal or controller auxiliary circuits 4 Interference also arises as the result of switching capacitance to inductive loads by own controller relays In particular important impulse interference is dangerous for the device operation because they can cause sporadic wrong measurement results or accidental alarm operations despite the application of appropriate filters in the controller The noise level should be reduced to a value lower than the controller immunity threshold first through an appropriate controller installation in the object In order to reach full controller immunity against electromagnetic interference in the environment with unknown noise level it is recommended to observe following principles do not supply controllers from the mains in the proximity of devices generating important impulse interference use network filters e to lead supply conductors use metallic screens in the shape of conduits or braids in which one can also lead the ground conductor and the mains conductors of given controller alarm relays conductors leading measuring signals to the controller should be of twisted pair construction and for reistance thermometers in three wire connection twisted with conductors of the same length cross section and resistance and led in a screen as above apply the general principle that conductors group of conductors leadi
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