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Operating Instructions

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1. Fig 6 8 Relative frequency diagram 6 11 Cumulative frequency eo o o C aj Cum latter i reparay sal poe Poli Sprie Camere rt e Kur ee um ama idum Tim 2S ie tI F Bq mub kL gt me a s E 4 us a L T a 3 FM TI 1 ue o o GE E c ss PD ds E i Pal yar pe y rE Aia e Ln i Pamm Eam ma a Cul ee me oT sere oe s Fig 6 9 Cumulative frequency diagram Following an evaluation See 4 10 the corrosion engineer can place the 3 cursors in such a way that they represent areas of different corrosion degrees They determine the colour distribution in the chipping graph It is possible to overlay two or even all three cursors and thereby decrease the number of divisions The cumulative frequency needs to be activated at least once for a newly opened file in order to be able to view the chipping graph The range of the cumulative frequency graph can be changed by entering the desired minimum and maximum values in the respective fields on the x axis The limits are 1000 to 1000 mV The class width can also be changed 27 2012 by Proceq SA 6 12 Chipping graph After having accessed the cumulative frequency graph the Potential Map
2. button becomes active By clicking on it the visualization switches to the chipping graph see Fig 6 10 The four colour regions of the chipping graph are based upon the three cursor positions in the cumulative frequency graph These positions represent potential limits identified by the engineer as areas of equal condition where the concrete has to be chipped to a certain depth for repair purposes in nam pue Fig 6 10 Chipping graph 6 13 Annotations Information about the concrete structure like measured chloride content cracks or other defects can be placed directly in the potential map or the chipping graph The information will be printed and shown in bitmaps By default they are created with an arrow that can be moved to point at a specific spot in the graph Annotations can be added by right clicking on the potential map or chipping graph and selecting Create Annotation Create Annotaltan Fig 6 11 Annotation window Fig 6 12 Annotation Attributes Right click on an annotation to select its attributes If the Lock Name attribute is not selected the entire annotation point label and arrow can be moved by left clicking on the annotation and drag ging it around If the Lock Name attribute is selected the name will stay fixed and only the annotation point with the arrow can be moved 28 2012 by Proceq SA Note Always deselect the Lock Name attribute once an attribute is
3. Electrode e Unscrew the two caps wash with water and carefully clean the inner side of the tube e Clean the copper rod using emery cloth e Refill the electrode with copper sulphate See section 3 1 Caution When handling copper sulphate be careful to take note of the safety instructions on the packaging 11 3 Maintenance of the Wheel Electrode e Remove the felt hoops and wash in lukewarm water e Remove the plastic filling screw and pour the copper sulphate solution into a container This can be reused e Flush out several times with water e Dissolve 1 part citric acid in 10 parts hot water and half fill the wheel Replace the filling screw e Leave for 6 hours shaking occasionally e Pour out the citric acid solution no special disposal procedure is required and flush out several times with water e Refill the electrode with copper sulphate solution See 3 1 e Replace the felt hoops The felt hoop connector must be in place between the dampening nozzle and the wooden plug of the wheel electrode e When not in use store the wheel electrode with the wooden plug facing upwards 11 4 Functional check of the resistivity probe See section 5 5 Assure that the Device Constant shown on the Indicating Device corresponds to the code engraved on the probe e Moisten the 4 foam rubber pads with water e Connect the probe with the RS232 interface of the indicating device e Power on If necessary switch to Wenner mo
4. access the main menu for the mode selected For all the selected menus Use the 1 and buttons to select menu items and adjust settings e f the option START is indicated at the bottom of the screen pressing this will take you to the selected menu item e Pressing MENU saves the settings and takes you back to the main menu e Pressing END saves the settings and takes you to the measurement screen 5 3 Selecting the operating mode Wenner Probe This menu item switches between operating modes For potential measurement it is OFF For resistivity measurement it is ON 17 2012 by Proceq SA DuunseeuJ jAnsise1 40 NUSU ure s6umes 1sn pe pue ejeDiAeu 199Jes 0j pue f y esf ueeJos Guunseeui y 0 noA sexe pue s6unes y se es qN3 Buiss iq nu uu JeuBiu 1xeu eui 0 no sexej pue sDunjes y se es NNJN Buiss id trte AQ BENS dd agou4 avua Mang eeg 4 0 sal 8 9 san PET 61 HS 102 ba GQ Ld Pun BUISR Pu UOTEOJ40 ure yay eiedr 2012 by Proceq SA Fig 5 1 Menu Overview for Potential Measuring 18 jueuueunseeuu enuejod JO NUSU ure ONS Tals Aq yeas Aq 928185 s6un s 1sn pe uo 8 pue leBiAgu ejes O lt pue fl eui sn MOD PI eqoaQg aeuuepn mg ueeJos BuunseeuJ y o1 uo cZ noA sexe pue sDunjes y se es qN3 DKurssaJg azonal nu uu JeuBiu 1xeu eu 0 no e asIQ 122000 seye pue sDunjes y se es NNJN Buiss id Q
5. is low the rate of corrosion increases When the electrical resisitivity is high e g in case of dry and carbonated concrete the rate of cor rosion decreases 2 5 Influence of Rebars on Electrical Resisitivity Measurements The presence of rebars disturbs electrical resisitivity measurements as they conduct current much better than the surrounding concrete This is particularly the case when the cover depth is less than 30mm In order to minimize the effect none of the electrodes should be placed above a rebar when measuring or if this is unavoidable then perpendicular to the rebar 2 6 Effect of Electrical Resistivity on Half cell Potential Measure ments Low electrical resistivity leads to more negative potentials that can be measured on the surface and the potential gradients become flatter In this case the measurement grid for potential measurements may be coarser as the risk of unde tected anodic areas with flatter gradients becomes lower However as the resolution between cor roding and passive areas is reduced this may lead to an overestimation of the actively corroding surface area High electrical resisitivity leads to more positive potentials that may be measured on the surface and potential gradients become steeper In this case the measuring grid must be made finer in order to be able to locate an anode with a very steep gradient However the more potentials may be misinterpreted as passive areas when only consider
6. on the page but not in the top left hand corner The last object that was opened can be re opened and extended at any time 4 9 5 Overwriting or deleting readings Existing readings can be overwritten by moving the cursor to the appropriate point and making a new reading with the electrode Once the reading has registered the cursor will move to the next measuring point along the axis indicated by the direction arrow To delete an existing reading move the cursor to the point you wish to delete and press PHINT for two seconds Once the reading has been deleted the cursor will move to the next measuring point along the axis indicated by the direction arrow 15 2012 by Proceq SA 4 10 Evaluation Typically two criteria must be considered for the evaluation This is merely a guideline The actual evaluation should be carried out by a corrosion engineer 1 Active corrosion can be expected at locations where a negative potential is surrounded by increasingly positive potentials i e locations with a positive potential gradient Potential dif ferences with delta of around 100mV within a 1m measurement area together with negative potentials are a clear indication of active corrosion 2 n order to plan corrective maintenance it is necessary to draw a border between areas of active corrosion anodes and passive areas cathodes within the surfaces showing potential gradients In order to do this it is necessary to set a threshold pote
7. origin of the graph to be changed e Setthe language of the program with the drop down menu 24 2012 by Proceq SA 6 7 Insert file Separately measured objects with the same grid resolution can be merged to form a complete poten tial map Place one of the two cursors at the position in which the new file is to be added Press the Insert File button and select the file you wish to add If the file is valid the next screen Fig 6 6 will allow the file to be correctly positioned The new file may be rotated or mirrored to match its orientation to the current file The insertion point is defined as either cursor A or B and finally the insertion direction is selected Press OK to return to the updated potential map Tati Opr io Pa TS CET RE 34e dub en e a 43e alm aia Cam ak Fig 6 7 Potential Map before and after Insertion 25 2012 by Proceq SA 6 8 Edit Individual values and sections of the potential graph may be edited Edit Graph x Y cunaajo o acon FT n3 Earl secon vale In Cun a3 a on Duae a at Se wale Ea a Fig 6 7 Edit graph screen Use the A and B cursors to select the values to be edited Press Edit Four actions are available e Delete the values lying in the area between cursors A and B e Set the values lying in the area between A and B to a specific value e Delete the value to the bottom right of cursor A
8. the stored measurements for the active mode It is not possible to delete single objects Once this has been confirmed it is not possible to undo the action The objects for the other mode are unaffected 20 2012 by Proceq SA 5 5 Configuring the instrument for electrical resisitivity measure ment See Fig 5 2 Most of the screens are identical to the potential mode and have been explained there Device Constants Enter the 3 digit code engraved on the resistivity probe See 11 4 Data Output Used to clear the memory and re open objects for display as in 5 4 In this mode also used to export data to a PC Select the Object you wish to export Press the END button to open the measuring screen where the main information of this object will be displayed Transfer the data to the PC using Hyperterminal as described in section 8 6 CANIN ProVista Software The CANIN ProVista software enables the data transfer the graphical presentation of the potential fields and a statistical analysis of the measurement data collected and stored on the Canin In addi tion CANIN ProVista allows the automatic derivation of a chipping plot for concrete replacement These graphs can be inserted in an assessment report and serve the corrosion engineer together with results of non destructive and destructive tests like concrete cover depth carbonation depth chloride profile etc as basis for interpretation of his results The programme does not state the
9. two seconds An existing reading can be overwritten by selecting the corresponding position in the table and performing a new measurement The table structure is maintained when the data is transferred to the PC so that the user can generate a graphical representation in EXCEL Note As a general rule of thumb from literature on this topic When p gt 12 kOcm Corrosion is unlikely When p 8 to 12 kOcm Corrosion is possible When p x 8 kOcm Corrosion is fairly certain 8 Transfer of Electrical Resisitivity Data to a PC Win dows 2000 XP Vista Windows HyperTerminal is used to transfer the resistivity data to a PC via the INTERFACE RS232C port Preparing the Hardware e Connect the serial port of the PC with the transfer cable part no 330 00 456 to the RS232 port of the indicating device In case your PC hardware doesn t support serial ports you can use the USB converter part no 390 00 542 Preparing the PC for the Data Transfer Create directory C PROCEQ e Windows 2000 XP Start HyperTerminal via Menu Start Programs Accessories Communications HyperTerminal If two items HyperTerminal are installed start PC phone Icon and choose Hypertrm Go to Settings Windows Vista Install HyperTerminal from Internet In case your operating system doesn t include a HyperTerminal application you can download it from www hilgraeve com and install it Go to Settings e Settings Do not install a M
10. will move to the next point to be measured Following the measurement it should be possible to see a wet patch when applied on dry con crete If this is not the case then the foam rubber plug should be moistened with water again The simplest way to proceed is to make the measurements as proposed by the instrument i e begin in the top left hand corner and move along the row in the X direction according to the column width e g 150mm between measuring points When you come to the end of a row you must press the button to indicate this and the cursor will jump down to the next row The direction arrow Field 2 in fig 4 1 will automatically change direction to Now you can proceed to measure in the opposite direction along this row When the end is reached i e you are back at the Y axis the cursor will automatically jump down to the next row and the direction arrow will change back to When you come to the end of a page the cursor automatically jumps to the next page Note The instrument can also be used to measure along the Y axis i e up and down the columns This is done by altering the direction arrow to before starting In this case you must indicate to the instrument that you have reached the end of a column by pressing the button Note The PRINT button can be used to mark an X on the display in the place of a measurement value This is useful for marking the position of cracks etc When you have finished
11. 1 or 4 for the wheel elec trode The option Automatic Measuring is for the Rod Electrode only The wheel electrode always measures automatically Note If automatic measuring is selected then measured values of lt 50mV will be acquired automatically once the value has stabilized If automatic measuring is not selected then values have to be acquired by pressing the START button In both cases values between 200 and 50mV have to be acquired by pressing the START button XY Grid Define the scale of the measurement grid Note The XY Grid values can only be altered if a new Object has been defined If an Object already contains measurements then it is no longer possible to change the grid Note X and Y must be equal if you wish to export the data to ProVista Coarse Grid Define how many times the coarse grid is larger than the XY Grid already defined Example when distance between measurement points in the XY Grid is set to 150 mm and the number of steps in the coarse grid is set to 5 the distance between measurement points in the coarse grid is 5x 150 2 750mm This is useful for carrying out an initial sweep and switching to a fine grid for detailed investigations See 4 2 Note When the equipment is switched off the coarse grid number of steps is reset to ion ve Data Output Used to clear the memory and re open objects for display Data transfer to a PC is handled by CANIN ProVista See 6 3 Clear Memory erases all of
12. Canin Operating Instructions Corrosion Analyzing Instrument pracerd Made in Switzerland more than 50 years of know how you can measure Table of Contents 1 Safety and Liability 1 1 General Information 1 2 Liability 1 3 Safety Instructions 1 4 Symbols used in the operating instructions 1 5 Correct Usage 2 Tutorial 2 1 The Half Cell Potential Measurement Principle 2 2 Factors affecting the Potential Measurement 2 3 Application Limits of the Potential Measurement Technique 2 4 The Electrical Resistivity Measurement Principle 2 5 Influence of Rebars on Electrical Resisitivity Measurements 2 6 Effect of Electrical Resistivity on Half cell Potential Measurements 3 Getting Started 3 1 Prepare the electrode s 3 2 Connect the electrode probe to the indicating device 3 3 Power ON and select the correct operating mode 3 4 Functional check of the equipment 4 Real Tests Potential Measurements 4 1 Planning and preparation 4 2 Selecting the correct grid 4 3 Choosing the appropriate electrode 4 4 Connect to the reinforcement 4 5 Functional check of the instrument 4 6 Preparation of the test surface 4 7 Check to see if coatings need to be removed 4 8 Pre moistening the concrete surface 4 9 Carrying out the measurement 4 9 1 Reading the display screen 4 9 2 Measuring with the Rod Electrode 4 9 3 Measuring with the Wheel Electrode 4 9 4 He opening an object 4 9 5 Overwriting or deleting readin
13. Chipping Plot in green In the overlapping range active corrosion and areas of passivity can be present with the same potential values Areas with potential values in this area are displayed automatically in yellow in the Chipping Plot In this overlapping range it is assumed that a definite statement on the corro sion state is not possible and such sub sections may only be evaluated by more extensive inves tigations 4 11 Confirmation and refining of hotspot positions Once the potentials have been evaluated it is recommended to make openings in the concrete to verify the threshold potential Prior to making the opening it is recommended to locate the exact posi tion of the reinforcement bars by means of a rebar locator e g Proceq s Profometer Profoscope Moreover a fine measurement with the Rod Electrode using a small grid is recommended to deter mine the actual Hotspot local potential minimum 5 General Settings 5 1 Backlight The display has a back light which can be switched on or off by pressing the END button for more than 2 seconds when the measurement screen is displayed When the backlight is on an asterisk is shown in the top right hand corner 5 2 Navigating around the menus The diagrams in Fig 5 1 and Fig 5 2 show the menu structure for configuring the equipment for potential measurement and electrical resisitivity measurement respectively On start up the measur ing screen is shown Press MENU to
14. Combined Configuration with Rod and Wheel Electrodes and Wenner Probe Basic equipment see item 330 00 201 Rod Electrode accessories see item 330 00 201 Wheel Electrode accessories see item 330 00 205 Wenner Probe accessories see item 330 00 203 33 2012 by Proceq SA 10 2 Accessories Canin Rod Electrode copper copper sulphate 330 01 004 330 00 286 330 00 320 Felt hoop for Wheel Electrode Canin 380 02 520 Canin Wenner Probe with cable 380 04 250 330 01 224 330 00 285 330 00 290 330 00 470 Protective sleeve for display instrument 330 01 225 Cable clip for telescopic extension 380 02 508 S Foam pad to resistance probe set of 4 pcs 11 Maintenance and Support 11 1 Functional check of the electrodes Correct function can be checked by use of a reference electrode Cable roll Reference Electrode id n Wooden Plug s gt Fig 11 1 Functional control set up Electrode cable Display instrument Fig 11 1 shows a wheel electrode under control The Rod Electrode is used as reference electrode and the potential of the two electrodes cancel each other out For correct operation the tolerance values indicated below should be observed Tolerance values Reference electrode with Rod Electrode 0 5 mV Reference electrode with wheel electrode 0 20 mV If the electrode is out of tolerance clean it as described below and redo the functional test 34 2012 by Proceq SA 11 2 Maintenance of the Rod
15. N3 4 NSW q pu3 QN3 JO NBN q pu3 QN3 JO NNIW q pua AQ 423195 tt AG 4snepid tath AG 3snepd 1X915 q 44e4 AQ 423135 Ezooor jd o3 o SEUR eerasrg 324 000 23 CET 928185 j2erqo m 30044 Jeuuef apengue ue4suo 310 Q nagng eed DM ae Ca est i3 r dorais 3 O 4581 cnmao o9 suan EZIT 6T NS WO b 204J4 hen Jaa 631614515 3 ANNIN Se WoBA4Z 6 2 B XEM uTM 2 gt MO5X0 6 agzedgare Fig 5 2 Menu Overview for Resistivity Measuring 2012 by Proceq SA 19 5 4 Configuring the instrument for potential measurement See Fig 5 1 Display The values determine the grey scale values that will be used on the screen The total range possible is between 200 and 950 mV An optimal base setting is between 0 and 350 mV This range can be adjusted at any time later to make the display easier to read It does not affect any measurements made only how they are displayed Object No Set the name for the file where the current measurement data will be stored Note Object No 1 is a Demo Object consisting of 6 pages of data which can be edited However when the instrument is switched off and on the original values will be restored Language The language is valid for both potential and resistivity modes Electrodes Set Way Encoder to Yes for the wheel electrode and No for the Rod Electrode Select the number of electrodes typically 1 for the Rod Electrode and
16. a can convert and display the scale of length in ft 2012 by Proceq SA A title short comment the name of the operator and the date can be entered at the top of the screen The scale represents the dimensions in either meters or feet See 6 6 The legend to the right shows the colour coding of the measurement values in millivolts and the number of measurement points in each range The three fields Xmax Xmin Ymin allow the user to zoom in on a particular area in the graph The bottom section of the window shows the positions for cursors A and B and the mV value of their current position The grid direction values indicate the resolution of the measurement 6 6 Configuration Click on Configuration to alter the appearance and the language of the potential map Fig 6 5 Configuration Window The number range to which the colours are assigned can be changed through varying the base value and delta The base value may not be any smaller than 999 and the combination of the base value delta may not lead to any colour representing anything above 1000 mV By pressing Default the base value and delta are changed to 400mV and 50mvV respectively e left clicking on a colour allows the colour for that particular range to be selected e Warnings for overwriting and deleting values in a graph can be set e Set imperial or metric units for the display with the drop down menu Unit length e Diagram Orientation allows the
17. afety Instructions The equipment is not allowed to be operated by children or anyone under the influence of alcohol drugs or pharmaceutical preparations Anyone who is not familiar with this manual must be super vised when using the equipment e Carry out the stipulated maintenance properly and at the correct time e Following completion of the maintenance tasks perform a functional check e Pay attention to the correct use and disposal of the copper sulphate solution and the cleaning material 1 4 Symbols used in the operating instructions N Danger This symbol indicates a risk of serious or fatal injury in the event that cer tain rules of behaviour are disregarded Note This symbol indicates important information 1 5 Correct Usage e The instrument is only to be used to determine the corrosion potential of rebars in concrete or the electrical resistance of concrete e Replace faulty components only with original replacement parts from Proceq e Accessories should only be installed or connected to the instrument if they are expressly autho rized by Proceq If other accessories are installed or connected to the instrument then Proceq will accept no liability and the product guarantee is forfeit 4 2012 by Proceq SA 2 Tutorial 2 1 The Half Cell Potential Measurement Principle Under normal conditions reinforcement steel is protected from corrosion by a thin passive film of hydrated iron oxide This passive film is decom
18. and it should be clean The rebar grid beneath the surface should be marked out with the help of a rebar locator e g Profometer Profoscope The desired measurement grid should be suitably marked out on the surface and mapped to objects 29 2012 by Proceq SA 7 2 Reading the display screen 100020 Object number 7 29 B 8kf cm Z n 7 Min Max 8 779 2kQcm Mean value measured values Position Memory Minimum value maximum value Gr Table position Value stored at that position Actual resistivity measurement Proportion of current flow through the concrete relative to the nominal current The position in which a measured value can be stored in the Position with tbe table can be selected with the cursor keys Store with STORE Menu by MENU Fig 7 2 Resistivity measurement screen 7 3 Measuring with the Wenner Probe In order to obtain a reliable reading it is necessary to have a good electrical contact between the foam pads of the resistivity probe and the concrete surface As far as possible reinforcement bars should not be directly beneath the probe and should not run parallel to the probe The recommended procedure is to measure diagonally to the rebars e g RILEM TC154 EMC ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING METALLIC CORROSION rec ommends making 5 readings from the same location moving the probe a few mm between each measurement and taking a median from the 5 values The well moistened probe should be pr
19. condition of the concrete structure e g severity of corrosion of the rebars and it cannot propose the remedial actions The engineer must be able to interpret all measured values in order to propose the necessary actions Additionally all graphics can be exported for editing in drawing programs and thereby inserted into plans for the execution of repair measures 6 1 Installing CANIN ProVista Locate the file CaninInstallerx xx zip file provided on the data carrier Unzip the file and open the folder called Volume Locate the file setup exe and click on it r a setup exe Follow the instructions you see on the screen This will install CANIN E w Setup exe ProVista on your PC It will also create a desktop icon for launching the f nmnnnnnnnnmnnnnnmnnnnnn program 6 2 Starting CANIN ProVista F Either click on the desktop icon or click on the CaninProVista entry in the ri Start menu Start Programs CaninProVista CaninProvista 21 2012 by Proceq SA The user can insert his own company logo by placing a bit map file with the name Logo bmp in the Configuration folder in the CaninProVista installation directory The size of the bitmap has to be 210 x 50 pixels From there it will automatically be copied into the graphs The Proceq logo is unchange able Fig 6 1 Canin ProVista Main Window There are four sections The top contains labelling information i
20. de See 5 3 e Place the 4 foam pads on the 4 spots of the test plate e nthe actual window the reading e g p 12 1 kOcm appears The value should be accord ing to the one mentioned on the test plate If the value is outside of the tolerance the instrument should be returned to Proceg for re calibra tion 11 5 Support Concept Proceq is committed to providing a complete support service for this instrument by means of our global service and support facilities It is recommended that the user register the product on www proceq com to obtain the latest on available updates and other valuable information 11 6 Standard Warranty and Extended Warranty The standard warranty covers the electronic portion of the instrument for 24 months and the mechanical portion of the instrument for 6 months An extended warranty for one two or three years for the electronic portion of the instrument may be purchased up to 90 days of date of purchase 35 2012 by Proceq SA Proceq Europe Ringstrasse 2 CH 8603 Schwerzenbach Phone 41 43 355 38 00 Fax 41 43 355 38 12 info europe proceq com Proceq UK Ltd Bedford i lab Priory Business Park Stannard Way Bedford MK44 3RZ United Kingdom Phone 44 12 3483 4515 info ukOproceq com Proceq USA Inc 117 Corporation Drive Aliquippa PA 15001 Phone 41 724 512 0330 Fax 1 724 512 0331 info usa proceq com Proceg Asia Pte Ltd 12 New Industrial Road 02 02A Morningstar Cent
21. e Measurement 4 7 s a direct measurement on the concrete surface possible Can the influence from surface coatings be estimated and compensated Remove the surface coating 4 8 4 9 Pre moisten the surface if required and carry out the measurement 4 10 Evaluate the data 4 11 Confirm and refine corrosion hotspot positions at openings in the concrete 10 2012 by Proceq SA 4 1 Planning and preparation In Canin the measurement data is stored in files called Objects In order to make the evaluation simpler it is recommended before beginning work to map out the site and assign various sections to particular Objects This will facilitate the evaluation in ProVista at a later stage In order to minimize the effort needed for the investigation the site can be divided into sections that are subjected to similar amounts of wear by means of a visual inspection e g Multi story car park Entrance area traffic lane parking areas areas with and without cracks or obvious areas where puddles form Following this inspection representative sub sections should be chosen in which the potential field measurements are carried out with the Canin system 4 2 Selecting the correct grid One method is to use a relatively large grid for a first estimate e g 0 50 x 0 50 m up to a max of 1 0 x 1 0 m using the coarse grid See 5 4 Suspect areas can be further investigated using a finer grid e g 0 15 x 0 15 m2 to ident
22. e Set the value to the bottom right of cursor A to a specific value 6 9 Additional Functions e Save File to save your changes e Print View prints the currently visible section of the potential map respectively chipping graph e Print File prints the entire measurement file even areas that are not visible in the current view of the potential map chipping graph using as many pages as necessary e Get BMP creates a BMP image file of the current view of the potential map or chipping graph which can be exported to third party software for reporting e General View resets the range of the potential map and chipping graph so that the entire graph is visible again e Undo allows the last 10 edits and insertions to be undone 26 2012 by Proceq SA 6 10 Relative frequency With the relative frequency func tion a bar graph as show in Fig 6 8 of the measurement data is created The width of the bars represents the measurement range while the height of the bar represents the relative fre quency of measurements points within that range The range of the graph can be changed by entering the desired minimum and maximum values in the respective fields on the x axis The limits are 1000 to 1000 mV The class width can also be changed hd peer i Mere p Fagm pa Emma shun SEL pm Fij Cie sult o nl LJ pracer Lee d Aeon JENE
23. e spe cific resistivity using the four point method 180pA 12 Hz by Windows Hyperterminal for analysis with third party software e g EXCEL 32 2012 by Proceq SA 9 1 Technical Information CANIN ProVista software System requirements Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista 9 2 Standards and Regulations Applied e BS 1881 Part 201 UK UNI 10174 Italy e DGZfP B3 Germany e SIA 2006 Switzerland RILEM TC 154 EMC International C e ASTM C876 91 USA 10 Part Numbers and Accessories 10 1 Complete Units 330 00 201 Canin Configuration with Rod Electrode Basic equipment Indicating device Canin carrying strap protection sleeve for indicating device transfer cable USB serial adapter operating instructions carrying case Canin Rod Electrode accessories Rod Electrode with spare parts electrode cable 1 5m 4 9 ft cable coil 25m 82 ft CANIN ProVista PC software on memory stick bottle with copper sul phate 250g 330 00 205 Canin Configuration with Rod and Wheel Electrodes Basic equipment see item 330 00 201 Rod Electrode accessories see item 330 00 201 Wheel Electrode accessories 1 Wheel Electrode system tool kit to wheel electrode system bottle with citric acid 250g 330 00 203 Canin with Wenner Probe Basic equipment see item 330 00 201 Wenner Probe accessories Wenner resistance probe with spare rubber foam pads cable to Wenner Probe control plate to Wenner Probe 330 00 206 Canin
24. essed lightly against the surface of the concrete until the reading is stable The Current field See Fig 7 2 monitors the current flow through the concrete If there is a bad con tact between the electrodes and the concrete or if the conductivity of the concrete is small the flow of the current will be reduced This gives an indication as to the reliability of the reading obtained 50 to 100 The reading is reliable 20 to 50 Value not exact will be displayed on the screen 0 to 20 The resistance is gt 99kQcm or the contact is very poor Once the reading is stable it can be saved by pressing the STORE button It will be saved in a table in the position indicated on the display e g G7 in Fig 7 2 The table has a maximum size of 16x16 cells The position in the table where the measurement is stored must be selected manually on the screen Fig 7 2 Use the buttons to select a letter from A to P Use the 1 buttons to select a number from 1 to 16 ee een eal DIGNE T 78 Be EF Br I 1291 241181 12 121 9 6 131251 26 23 15 13 5 11 241 28 23 16 13 26 25 17 14 13 10 4 29 24 l 14 1 11 9 7 B 28 26 20 18 16 1l4 11 Fig 7 3 Table for resistivity measurements 30 2012 by Proceq SA Each time a new reading is stored the statistical values mean value max and min values are re calculated and displayed An existing reading can be deleted by pressing the STORE button for
25. gs 4 10 Evaluation 4 10 1 Example of a typical distribution 4 11 Confirmation and refining of hotspot positions NNN OOO UG A KR HA O oO o Q 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 5 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 6 10 6 11 6 12 6 13 7 1 7 2 7 3 8 9 1 9 2 10 10 1 10 2 11 11 1 11 2 11 3 11 4 11 5 11 6 General Settings 17 Backlight 17 Navigating around the menus 17 Selecting the operating mode 18 Configuring the instrument for potential measurement See Fig 5 1 20 Configuring the instrument for electrical resisitivity measurement See Fig 5 2 21 CANIN ProVista Software 21 Installing CANIN ProVista 21 Starting CANIN ProVista 21 Downloading and Saving Data 22 Renaming Files 23 Opening and Editing Files 23 Configuration 24 Insert file 25 Edit 26 Additional Functions 26 Relative frequency 27 Cumulative frequency 27 Chipping graph 28 Annotations 28 Measuring the electrical resistivity 29 Preparing the concrete surface for measurement 29 Reading the display screen 30 Measuring with the Wenner Probe 30 Transfer of Electrical Resisitivity Data to a PC Windows 2000 XP Vista 31 Technical Specifications 32 Technical Information CANIN ProVista software 33 Standards and Regulations Applied 33 Part Numbers and Accessories 33 Complete Units 33 Accessories 34 Maintenance and Support 34 Functional check of the elec
26. ic measurement begins again when the START button is pressed e During such breaks the measured value is shown in the status row Field 3 in Fig 4 1 e The maximum speed of travel should not exceed a maximum of 1m sec e Measurements along the X axis cannot be acquired Objects may be rotated later in ProVista Note The nozzle O 1 mm is fit as standard On dry surfaces the felt hoop should leave a clearly visible trace as you measure Depending on the character of the concrete it may be necessary to increase to one of the larger nozzle diameters 2 or 3 mm Note On dry vertical surfaces measurements should be made downwards as this ensures an even moistening of the surface 4 9 4 Re opening an object An object can be re opened and missing measurements can be entered or suspect measurements can be overwritten However the following points should be observed Once an object has been closed and a new object has been opened it is no longer possible to add pages to a previously opened object If you have worked out the size of the area assigned to an object see 4 1 it is possible to reserve the number of pages you will require in the case that you are not able to complete the measurement in one go A page is reserved once it has appeared on the screen In order to reserve the necessary pages simply move the cursor to each page you will require For a better orientation it may help to place an X see Note in 4 9 2 somewhere
27. ify as closely as possible the extent of the surface that will require corrective maintenance Vertical elements usually require a smaller grid e g 0 15 x 0 15 m The same applies to slender elements for which the grid will be defined by the geometry e g steps beams and joints etc For large horizontal surfaces parking decks bridge decks etc a grid of 0 25 x 0 25 m to 0 5 x 0 5m is typically sufficient 4 3 Choosing the appropriate electrode Depending on the surface under test it is necessary to choose which type of electrode will be employed For small areas or areas that are difficult to access the small and light Rod Electrode will typically be used For more accessible horizontal vertical or overhead surfaces it is much faster to use the 1 Wheel Electrode For large horizontal surfaces the 4 Wheel Electrode is recommended for the reason of the significantly faster automatic measurement in a pre defined grid 4 4 Connect to the reinforcement The ground cable must be connected to the reinforcement of the surface to be measured This is usually done by chiseling or drilling to the reinforcement In some cases it may be possible to use existing building elements that are connected to the reinforcement e g water pipes earth points The connection to the reinforcement should be made with the least possible resistance To this end it may be beneficial to grind the reinforcement with e g using an angle grinder and to connec
28. ing the absolute value of the potential 7 2012 by Proceq SA 3 Getting Starteq Note First time user Complete the tutorial OR see a demo by a qualified Proceq representative 3 1 Prepare the electrode s Rod Electrode Before filling remove the cap with the wooden plug and soak it in water for about an hour to allow the wood to saturate and swell Wheel Electrode The wooden plug is not intended to be removed Immerse the wheel in water well before you intend to use it to allow water to soak into the plug The felt hoops and the felt hoop connector should be saturated with water before measuring Copper Sulphate Rod and Wheel Prepare the saturated solution by mixing 40 units by weight of copper sulphate with 100 units by weight of distilled water In order to ensure that the solution remains saturated add an additional teaspoonful of copper sulphate crystals into the electrode The electrode should be filled as completely as possible with a minimum of air in the compart ment This ensures that the solution is in contact with the wooden plug even when measuring in an upwards direction N Caution When handling copper sulphate be careful to take note of the safety instructions on the packaging 3 2 Connect the electrode probe to the indicating device Connect the half cell electrode or Wenner Probe to the device as shown below Rod electrode connects to INPUT A and also requires GND connection recy Wheel electrode co
29. le that a film of water on the probe or telescopic extension can create an electrical connection to the person carrying out the measurement This can also affect the results These error sources are easily corrected and the check should be repeated Check the instrument configuration See 5 4 4 6 Preparation of the test surface It is recommended to mark out a grid on the surface corresponding to the grid you wish to use For small areas where point measurements will be made with the Rod Electrode this can be done by using a tape or by drawing the grid on the element For large areas such as parking and bridge decks the wheel electrode is preferable The integrated path measurement ensures the correct grid in the direction of measurement To ensure the correct grid between parallel measurement paths marks can be drawn on the surface Please note the 4 Wheel Electrode ensures a stable parallel grid and requires less marks to be drawn on the surface 4 7 Check to see if coatings need to be removed It is not possible to make a measurement through an electrically isolating coating e g an epoxy resin coating sealing sheets or asphalt layers It is possible to make a measurement through thin dispersion coatings that are often used for example on the walls and ceiling of underground car parks however this can cause a small shift of the potentials It is always necessary to check whether or not a measurement can be made through a coating To d
30. making all of the measurements you require on the concrete press the END button The measured values are stored automatically 14 2012 by Proceq SA 4 9 3 Measuring with the Wheel Electrode As described in 4 9 2 begin at the location corresponding to the top left hand corner of the screen and move in the direction indicated or alter this accordinoly e Press the START button to acquire the first reading e Now proceed to move the wheel electrode in the Y direction down as indicated by the direction arrow Field 2 in fig 4 1 The measurement readings will be acquired automatically in the pre selected row spacing e When you come to the end of a column press the button to indicate this and the cursor will jump right to the next column The direction arrow will automatically change direction to T e Now place the wheel physically one column spacing to the right and acquire the first measure ment by pressing the START button Proceed to measure back along the Y axis up as indicated by the direction arrow e When you come to the end of the measurement surface the X axis the cursor will automatically jump to the next column and the direction arrow will change back to e Following each manual or automatic change in the direction arrow the path measurement and the automatic acquisition of the potential reading is halted e These breaks in the measurement process can be used for example to refill the water compart ment Automat
31. moisten the surface section wise and to measure in intervals of a few minutes 12 2012 by Proceq SA 4 9 Carrying out the measurement Configure your instrument as described in section 5 Pressing the END button saves the settings and takes the user to the measuring screen 4 9 1 Reading the display screen From here press the START button to begin This brings up the empty page 100 4F110992 237mV Fig 4 1 Page with a grid of 150 150 mm The XY coordinates are displayed in meters The display has 16 points x 15 points 240 points for displaying the measured values as a grey scale This constitutes a page With the XY grid set to 150 150mm as in the example here this represents a total area of 2250mm x 2100mm A total of 980 pages can be stored in the memory The number of pages that are still available for use is shown in the top right hand corner of the measuring screen Fig 5 1 e g 491 P indicates 491 pages are still available The number of pages contained in an object is not limited except by this 1 The cursor shows the next measurement location 2 The arrow shows in which direction the cursor will move This can be altered to match the meas urement direction by pressing the arrow keys 3 The measured value 4 The Object number 5 The meter value E g a 10 will be shown here if we have travelled 10m in the X direction 6 Indications Switch between the two by pressing MENU whilst i
32. n the measuring screen Probe type Rod Electrode R X RodElectrode Wheel Electrode Measurements will be automatically overwritten a Wheel Electrode Measurements will not be overwritten 13 2012 by Proceq SA 4 9 2 Measuring with the Rod Electrode The cursor begins in the top left hand corner of the XY Grid Fig 4 1 This indicates where the first measurement will be stored so it is important to take the first measurement in the corresponding point marked on the concrete Note The first measurement must not necessarily be made in the top left hand corner Before making any measurement you may move the cursor around on the screen using the t lt buttons to the desired location This is particularly useful if there is some kind of obstruction on the test object which means that a measure ment cannot be made in that position By moving the cursor as described you can move on the grid to clear the obstruction and continue measuring The important thing is that your position on the screen should match the actual position on the concrete Moisten the foam rubber plug of the electrode with water and press it lightly onto the first mea suring point The measured value will be shown in mV in the centre of the display Once it stabi lizes a beep will indicate when the measurement has been acquired automatically See 5 4 At this point the mV value is blended out and a grey scale indication will be placed on the grid The cursor
33. ncluding a user logo the middle is the graphical representation of the measurement the bottom contains additional numerical information regarding the measurement and the graph and the right hand side contains the navigation pane 6 3 Downloading and Saving Data Connect the indicating device to your PC using the transfer cable 330 00 456 and the RS 232 USB adaptor 390 00 542 In order to download data the Data Output submenu must be visible on the indicating device Select Menu Data Output Fig 5 2 in the Canin display device and press START Click on VistaTransfer button to start the download programme A dialog box appears see Fig 6 2 ES Vist alranales lolx Select the respective COM port All the objects stored in the dis play unit are listed in the field on the left By default all objects are selected for downloading jim Le all the check boxes contain a cross Eas deleted Especially If you are using a USB to Serial converter make sure that a COM port from COM1 to iren COM4 is assigned All higher j 9 cow ports are not supported Fig 6 2 VistaTransfer Window If the object list is empty please check the following e Whether the correct COM port is selected e Whether the cable is properly connected e Whether the Data Output submenu is visible on the indicating device Click the check boxes to select and de select the individual list entries Use Browse to select the l
34. nd further processing of the data we recommend MS Excel 9 Technical Specifications General Temperature range Display Impedance Memory Data Output Battery Operation Case Dimensions Weight Potential Measurement Measurement range Resolution Electrodes Data Transfer Resistivity Measurement Measurement range Resolution Resistivity probe Nominal current Frequency Data Transfer 0 to 60 C 128 x 128 pixel graphic LCD with backlight 10 MO Non volatile memory for simultaneous storage of up to 235 000 potential measurements 980 pages 240 measurements each organised in up to 71 objects and 5 800 resistivity measurements 24 object files tables 256 measurements each RS 232 interface with USB adapter Six LR 6 batteries 1 5V for up to 60 hours or 30 hours with activated backlight during potential measurement 40 hours or 20 hours with activated backlight during resistivity measurement 580x480x210 mm 22 8 x18 9 x8 3 Net 10 6 kg 23 5 Ibs Shipping 14kg 31 1 with rod and 1 Wheel Electrodes as well as Wenner Probe Ibs 999 mV to 340 mV 1mV Rod Electrode copper copper sulphate 1 and 4 Wheel electrode systems copper copper sulphate with telescopic handle integrated path measurement and water reservoir CANIN ProVista software for downloading data and evaluation on PC 0 to 99 kOcm 1 kOcm Resistivity probe with integrated electronics for measuring th
35. nnects to INPUT A path measurement connects to INPUT B GND connection is also required See 4 4 Wenner probe connects to INTERFACE RS232C only 8 2012 by Proceq SA 3 3 Power ON and select the correct operating mode Press the ON OFF button to power on The indicating device has two distinct modes of operation e Corrosion analysing e Electrical resistivity meter It will start up in whichever mode was used last For potential measurements the instrument must be in Corrosion analys ing mode canin Resistivity Meter Corrosion Analysing cep PSE enpr ae Switch between modes by pressing MENU Sy AET SN 19 1234 place the cursor al enner Prona Vers 6 0u2 Vers 6 0 press START select OFF for Corrosion Test o k Test o k Analysing mode or ON for Resistivity E mm Meter See 5 3 Press MENU or END 3 4 Functional check of the equipment Perform a functional check of the equipment as described in sections 4 5 and 11 Congratulations Your Canin is fully operational and you can now start your measurements 9 2012 by Proceq SA 4 Real Tests Potential Measurements Understand the principle and application limits of the Read the half cell potential measurement method Tutorial 3 Complete Getting Started 4 1 Planning and preparation 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 6 Connect to the Functional check Check instrument Prepare the test reinforcement of the instrument configuration surfac
36. ntial that defines the inter section between the two states ProVista has functionality which aids in this Read section 6 for details 4 10 1 Example of a typical distribution If the surface under test has both actively corroding as well as passive rebars then the two states exhibit differing statistical distributions of the potential In the graphical representations provided by ProVista there are typically three characteristic sections Fig 4 2 A flattening out of the section shows that in these value ranges there is less data available i e the boundaries of the distribution are here Fig 4 2 Example of a relative frequency chart and cumulative frequency chart The potential ranges of active corrosion and passivity overlap The red cursor leftmost minimum of the passive distribution The yellow cursor rightmost maximum of the active distribution Active corrosion is practically certain in the region of the left hand more negative straight section Once these cursor lines have been set the surfaces in this potential range will be automatically displayed in the corresponding colour in the CANIN ProVista Chipping Plot In the example the red cursor line marks this threshold A typical Chipping Plot taken from a practi cal example is shown below 16 2012 by Proceq SA The right hand side straight section almost cer tainly corresponds to passive reinforcement This is displayed automatically in the
37. o quantitative conclusions about the rate of corrosion Empirical studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between the corrosion rate and the electrical resisitivity However corrosion rate readings are of limited value as the rebar corrosion rate varies considerably with time It is more reliable to work with corrosion readings taken over a period of time 6 2012 by Proceq SA 2 4 The Electrical Resistivity Measurement Principle As we have seen above corrosion is an electro chemical process The flow of the ions between the anodic and cathodic areas and therefore the rate at which corrosion can occur is affected by the resistivity of the concrete The Wenner Probe is used to measure the electrical resistivity of the concrete A current is applied to the two outer probes and the potential difference is measured between the two inner probes D Resistivity p 21raV l kKQcm Empirical tests have arrived at the following thresh V old values which can be used to determine the likeli hood of corrosion K DI IA y When p gt 12 kQcm corrosion is unlikely When p 8 to 12 kOcm corrosion is possible When p lt 8 kOcm corrosion is fairly certain The electrical resistivity of the concrete cover layer decreases due to e increasing concrete water content e increasing concrete porosity e increasing temperature e increasing chloride content e decreasing carbonation depth When the electrical resistivity of the concrete
38. o this potentials should be measured at a few locations e in the first place through the coating and e with the coating removed If possible areas with largely varying potentials should be chosen If there is no alteration of the potential or if a shift of the potential can be compensated by a correction e g AE 50 mV then a measurement can be made directly on the coating If not then the coating must be removed before making the measurement 4 8 Pre moistening the concrete surface The contact between the pore solution of the concrete and the probe can be impaired by a dried out concrete skin This can greatly increases the electrical resisitivity of the concrete It is therefore recommended to moisten the surface approximately 10 to 20 minutes before carrying out the measurement If this is not possible it must be ensured that the sponge on the Rod Electrode or the felt hoops on the wheel electrode are sufficiently moistened In this case when making