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ALEID2000 UK version User Manual

1. m et Pasi Figure 58 Legends shown on screen 2 boxes at the left Change Legend This command modifies the ranges and colours for a selected legend see Figure 57 The values can be modified in two ways individually changing values one by one in the left column starting with a minimum value and an interval specified in the right hand column This choice automatically updates the values in the left hand column Clicking the mouse on the selected colour cell in the dialog box modifies the colours A standard Windows menu with available choices will appear Not all of the offered colours can be used for screen presentation depending on the screen and video memory card type KiwaN V 5 45 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Nm hm ATT Standard scale Standard colours Gradient Step size 1 66 Lower limit 11 67 Figure 59 Change Legend dialog box The settings remain saved in the ALEID2000 INI file after the program is terminated and are re installed during later use 5 8 8 Toolbars This option has 2 sub options Standard and Toolbox which allow the buttons at the top and to the left of the screen to be switched on or off SS ALEID2000 CASE1 PRO input Fie Edit Calculate Info view Graph Report Window Help gus a af Zoom In x y Zoom Out Zoom Al vi Clear Map Colour Coding Shift F6 NI Show Legend gt Change Legend gt v Standard ji Toolbo
2. various types of valves demand variation patterns additional settings water quality information Appendix H presents a detailed overview of all data required and calculated for each system element 4 3 Tools helping in setting up a model Processing of the water company data required for model building sometimes can be made easier by making it compatible with the software used for modelling Some examples from practice are Kiwa N V 4 2 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa NV Network information systems Automated network information systems contain in theory all the network informati on relevant for the model layout The problem here is that those systems usually provide a much higher level of detail than is necessary for modelling Therefore a criterion for selecting data from the information system has to be specified in one way or another Further problems in data conversion may occur due to incompatible representation of the network appurtenances e g valves in the information system and in the modelling software The system layout can also be directly picked up from the available maps by using a digitizer AutoCAD ALEID2000 creates network graphics based on coordinate inputs Cad programs such as e g AutoCAD can be used for mapping the network information However it is not possible to import these drawings directly into ALEID2000 Demand allocation The demands registered for billing purposes
3. 7 12 Kiwa NV PIPES Purpose Information about ordinary pipes Format pipe from to diam length rcoeff llcoeff CV Parameters pipe pipe name max 7 alphanumeric characters from begin node name to end node name diam internal diameter mm length length m rcoeff wall roughness factor e g k value mm for Darcy Weisbach head loss formula Ilcoeff local loss coefficient CV indication of the presence of a check valve on the pipe Remarks Pipe name is compulsory rcoeff depends on the type of calculation The default setting is an iterative form of the Darcy Weisbach equation This setting can be changed via the O PTIONS section of the control settings file The order of node names is important if a check non return valve is installed the begin node is the upstream and the end node the downstream node Otherwise when the flow direction in the pipe is reversed i e from the end node to the begin node the tabulated results for flow rates and velocities will be presented as negative values Example PIPES Testpipe BeginNo EndNo 300 500 0 05 Pipe6 7 FromNo ToNo 100 5 0 1 1 2 with local loss Str120 Houl Hou2 200 5 0 CV check valve present Str120 Houl Hou2 200 5 Oa da Se MCV lt 3 check valve amp local loss 7 15 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 13 Kiwa NV PRESS DEPENDENCE Purpose Giv
4. Care should be taken to chose the appropriate set of units which corresponds to the data from the input files HEADLOSS specifies which head loss formula will be used in the calculations The available choices are D W1 Darcy Weisbach iterative standard D W2 Darcy Weisbach approaching H W Hazen Williams C M Ch zy Manning The theoretical concepts behind these approaches are discussed in Appendix F section F 4 2 It should be decided in advance which coefficient to use for the wall roughness description in the input The standard parameter is the k value SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the weight per unit volume of the fluid being modelled relative to that of water The default setting value is 1 0 VISCOSITY is the kinematic viscosity of the water The units for this parameter are m sec or ft sec The standard value is 1 31 10 m sec corresponding to a water temperature of 10 C Viscosity is used only in head loss calculations by the Darcy Weisbach formula or when the pipe wall reaction mechanism is used for water quality calculations This section can appear in the file only once 7 12 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa NV Example OPTIONS HEADLOSS UNITS 7 13 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 11 Kiwa NV PATTERNS Purpose Information about pattern factors Format nit multipliers Parameters nr pattern identification number 01 99 multipliers factors that multi
5. Figure 9 Typical screen after opening output file Save Input This command saves all modifications in the input files done via the Edit Input submenu of the Edit menu Here it is also possible to establish a new project by changing the project name or the file names in the displayed list NOTE Only modifications done through Edit Input Edit menu will be saved by the Save Input option Additional comments empty rows or specific layouts in the input files will be ignored Project Summary This command opens a window with two sub windows Summary and Statistics The first sub window Summary allows comment lines to be added to the input file Up to 8 lines each with a maximum of 80 characters are allowed Additional lines or characters will be ignored and thus will not be saved The second sub window Statistics indicates the numbers of nodes reservoirs pipes pumps and valves in the network as defined by the input file 5 8 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Ki Project Summary x Summary Statistics Text line for title s max 8 lines and 80 char per line Test area for Aleid2000 UK Figure 10 Summary sub window of Project Summary option Project Summary Summary Number of elements Nodes AA Reservoirs sis Pipes 3 ooo Pumps PAN Valves ooo F Pressure Threshold Activated OK Cancel Figure 11 Statistics sub window of Project Summary option Kiwa N V 5
6. Kiwa NV Reference CONSUMPTION Purpose Information about demand nodes and their average demand s Connecting nodes without demand should also be included here Format node number gavg codel code2 code3 code4 code5 Parameters node node name up to 7 alphanumeric characters incl space number number of demand categories maximum 5 per node this determines the number of rows which follow each with the same format qavg average demand codel identification number of the daily demand pattern 00 99 code2 identification number of the weekly demand pattern 00 99 code3 identification number of the leakage percentage 00 99 code4 identification number of the correction factor 00 99 code5 identification number of the growth pattern 00 99 Remarks The average demand can be specified in m hour or in American units see Appendix H The identification numbers refer to the various patterns given in the demand pattern library Selected patterns adjust the average demand to the nominal demand for a given node at a given moment Identification 00 means that the default setting will be used for adjustment of the average demand Thus there can be a maximum of 99 different demand patterns categories specified in the program The number of demand categories for a connecting node equals 0 After modifications the shell will save the comment on the last row only Example CONSUMPTION Node 2
7. Parameters Xi value for point 1 of the parameter on the X axis of the graph Yi value for point i of the parameter on the Y axis of the graph Remarks Each row in the file may contain one pair of points only In theory the extension of the file is free To differentiate it from the extensions of other files the extension DAT is recommended The program uses DAT as the default setting of Graph Options 4 13 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 1 Kiwa N V Working with the program Menu conventions After the program is started a screen with the main ALEID2000 menu appears This menu remains active during the entire program Each option from the main menu branches into a pull down menu with program commands Selected options com mands from these menus will either be instantly executed or a dialog box with further instructions will follow Figure 3 Opening screen of ALEID2000 UK version Options in the menus can be selected with the mouse or from the keyboard Clicking the mouse on a certain option will activate it If the keyboard is used the pull down menus become active if the combination lt ALT gt is pressed simultaneously where x ig one of the underlined letters from the main menu An option from the pull down menu will then be executed by typing the corresponding underlined letter If the cursor pad is used a highlighted option will be activated by pressing lt Enter gt Menu options displayed in
8. The most common parameter is nodal pressure Choose the following options from the main menu View Colour Coding and select Pressure from the list of node parameters Select Adjust to node parameter from the list of link parameters The colour along the pipes will be adjusted accordingly which gives a better impression of the pressure distribution in the network Click OR The colour presentation can be adjusted by the main menu option View Change Legend To inspect the snapshot results at any other moment the small time scale at the top of the screen can be used As with files selection a preferred time can be selected by double clicking on the hours window or by dragging the slider to the left or right The exact time position of the box is automatically registered and the results for that moment will be shown as soon the left mouse button is released The relation between the demand and pressure is defined per node in theory In this case a global pressure demand relation is going to be introduced As an illustration the input file modification will take place via the editor It is assumed that this editor is already defined by using the Windows options see sections 3 3 2 and 5 5 1 Chose option Edit Editor from the main menu Double click CASE 96 STP This is the control settings file where the pressure related demand has to be defined amongst others The editor runs and loads the indicated file The
9. case the total number of characters in a row should not exceed 200 NOTE Empty rows or those starting with will automatically be removed after the input is modified and saved via the ALEID2000 menu In the project file empty rows have a certain meaning and will not be removed from the file For further explanation see the next section The project file Purpose The project file consists of all the file names containing the model input information i e the data required for calculation and presentation Identification Arbitrary file name with extension PRO 4 5 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Description The project file has a fixed format of rows as follows row 1 project name explanation row 2 row 3 row 4 row 5 row 6 row 7 row 8 row 9 name of the file with basic configuration name of the file with demand patterns name of the file with system control settings name of the file with water quality options empty row name of the file with co ordinates name of the file with pump properties name of the contour file The project name explanation can be up to 80 characters A format description of the named files is given for x basic file BAS in section 4 7 demand patterns library PAT in section 4 8 control settings file STF section 4 9 water quality information file WQD section 4 10 co ordinates file XY section 4 11 pump hydrant reservoir cur
10. listed in files with the PRO extension can be selected from the menu Fer AT ALEIDZ2000 File Edit Calculate Info View Graph Report Window Help sjaja S aJa ef Open project file Zoeken in GS CASE gt e ex ES Geschiedenis 6 Bureaublad ZEN Mijn documen Lory a Deze computer Bestandsnaam CASE1 PRO z Mijn netwerklo Bestandstypen Project files pro Figure 5 Opening a project file through the standard Open Project File window One project consists of the following files a basic configuration file a control settings file optional a demand patterns library optional a water quality file optional apump reservoir library optional a co ordinates file acontour file optional KiwaN V 5 4 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 A minimum requirement for program execution is a project consisting of a basic and co ordinates file After a project is chosen the content of the selected PRO file i e the list of available input files in the project will be shown on the screen see Figure 6 It is possible here to modify an existing project by adding or removing certain files from the list This is important in particular for files that have not yet been created By specifying a non existing file the program will open an empty file with the given name which allows access to the Edit menu and the Edit Input submenu If you wish to modify one of m
11. 1 1 TLL PRPRPP PP AAP AWA TWFTT OON N TOO NAN Tm mm kadha au aa AA AA Mm mmm mm U Ne 23 N aN 7 26 7 27 7 29 7 30 7 31 7 32 7 33 7 34 7 35 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 APPENDICES APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F APPENDIX G APPENDIX H Kiwa N V Composition of the program Error messages Files in the program and working directories Files created in ALEID2000 Theoretical background of the calculation Troubleshooting Overview of units in ALEID2000 Overview of data in ALEID2000 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa NV PREFACE The program presented in this manual ALEID2000 is the result of the research project Development of a computer model for residence times and substance propagation executed between 1994 and 1996 and subsequently expanded and updated The purpose of this project was to make available to the water supply companies in The Netherlands a user friendly network calculation program that could perform water quality calculations The program was originally developed within the Dutch water sector on the basis of the EPANET 1 1c network calculation software which was made available by the US Environmental Protection Agency US EPA The program in its Dutch version is used almost universally by the Dutch water supply sector This version Aleid2000 UK version is the first full version in the English language We wa
12. 11 48 0 00 0 00 19 27 19 27 100 1 72 12 02 0 00 0 00 22 35 22 35 100 3 18 14 82 0 00 0 00 45 05 45 05 100 4 46 24 00 0 00 0 00 93 69 93 69 100 1 6 03 26 04 0 00 0 00 128 17 128 17 100 6 51 26 24 0 00 0 00 134 73 134 73 100 6 44 24 16 0 00 0 00 128 77 128 77 100 6 66 20 43 0 00 0 00 117 75 117 75 100 5 99 17 10 0 00 0 00 119 71 113 71 100 6 61 13 31 0 00 0 00 107 16 107 16 100 6 89 17 51 0 00 0 00 36 10 36 10 100 1 6 96 20 85 0 00 0 00 89 36 89 36 100 7 53 23 78 0 00 0 00 101 00 101 00 100 7 31 28 36 0 00 0 00 124 65 124 65 100 1 1RAN 7 49 38 52 0 00 0 00 158 03 158 03 100 Figure 73 Time series for selected node 5 10 5 Filter This button allows selective presentation of the tables based on the search criteria defined ziz a Demand Cat 1 Figure 74 Filter Show All and Print buttons 5 10 6 Default This option restores the standard table format settings 5 11 Main menu option Window This option gives an overview of the open windows The list with window names will be displayed so that the selected window can be brought in front of the others KiwaN V 5 55 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Sig ALEID2000 CASE1 PRO input File Edit Calculate Info Yiew Graph Report Window Help za ER Tile Windows Horizontally iS Aaa PE kaka teat D a aaa Cascade Windows NI Ground Level Arrange Icons e 25 2 21 67 1 Map input file Figure 75 Window m
13. Help slala S ajala P soon af gt Figure 72 Time slider and hour window at the top of the screen KiwaN V 5 53 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa NV The information is placed in the table assuming a fixed column width Depending on the order of values in some cases it may appear that the values are not properly presented e g the negative sign is missing To avoid this the column width should be adjusted where necessary This can be done by placing the mouse cursor over the line that separates two columns When the cursor becomes a double arrow the column width can be adjusted by dragging the cursor while keeping the left mouse button depressed In the case of specific elements such as reservoirs or pumps some of the parameters shown are meaningless so those columns will remain empty In the case of pumps the pump power is calculated and presented instead of the flow velocity A selection can be made in the tables For these details refer to the menu options Report Filter and Report Default 5 54 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 10 4 Time Series In this option a table with information for a selected node or link during a specified interval of simulation will be shown The table manipulation is done in the same way as described for the Report Snapshot option wale al Time hr 9 06 119 8 03 0 00 0 00 22 94 22 94 100 1 23 783 0 00 0 00 22 97 22 97 100 1 11 742 0 00 0 00 19 77 19 77 100 1 45
14. This command gives a list of the points describing the contour lines with the possibility of modifying or deleting these or adding new points One contour line is separated from the others in the list by the asterisk character Related files Modification of the contour lines is temporary it is registered only in computer memory as long as the program is active If you prefer to make it permanent 1 e registered also in the input files select the menu option File Save Input see section 5 4 3 This action will affect the content of the contour file CON 5 30 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 5 4 Kiwa N V Adjust contour line Insert Add Delete i Comment Contouren voor het test gebied JI Cancel Figure 40 Adjust contour line menu Copy This command copies text or figures bitmap from the active window to the Wind ows clipboard from where it can be used pasted in other Windows applications e g the standard Windows text processor Notepad The copied data remain on the clipboard temporarily and has to be saved for further use This is done separately via the clipboard CLP files The content of a clipboard file can be used later It can also be printed from various applications The command is accessible from map presentation diagram table viewer 5 31 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 6 5 6 1 Kiwa N V Main menu option Calculate F5 Standard This option a
15. a feeding point at zero If so desired an initial value for the travel time can be specified under the header QUALITY Example QOPTIONS TRACE sourcel water path sourcel will be followed 7 20 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 17 QPATTERNS Purpose Defines patterns of the concentration variation Format nr multiplier Parameters nr pattern identification number multiplier multiplication factor Remarks The same time step used for the demand patterns has to be applied for these patterns The length of the patterns is arbitrary Different patterns may have different lengths A maximum of 99 patterns can be specified in the file Example QPATTERNS 01 0 98 1 02 1 05 1 4 KiwaN V 7 21 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 18 QTIMES Purpose Defines a number of additional parameters for making a water quality calculation Format QUALITY TIMESTEP time MINIMUM TRAVELTIME time units SEGMENTS value Parameters value numerical value time duration Remarks QUALITY TIMESTEP Specifies the time interval for the calculation of the water quality parameters If this is not given the program will use an internally calculated time interval based on the shortest travel time occurring in the pipes The default setting HOURS MINIMUM TRAVELTIME Specifies the shortest travel time detectable by the program Shortest travel times will be set to the specified value Travel times through pu
16. a water quality calculation only If None calculation period is selected in the dialog box the program reads the results of hydraulic calculations made earlier as stored in the HBI file specified in the cell Hydraulic solution A water quality calculation will be then executed based on the statements in the WQI file If for the calculation period None is selected in the dialog box ALCALC I NI and None water quality calculation is requested the program will create the binary output file OUT based on the project file and the file with hydraulic calculations specified in the dialog box Both calculations the complete calculation will be executed if a water quality option in the WQI file and a simulation interval in the dialog box 5 34 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 7 5 7 1 Kiwa N V ALCALCNI are specified If a file name in the Hydraulic solution cell is given as well the results of the hydraulic calculation will be stored there for possible later use in other water quality calculations After the calculation is executed the program creates a binary file with the output results OUT and an error status report file with name The content of this file can be inspected via the Output summary option The file can also be accessed in the viewer or by the editor at any moment If the calculation is completed successfully the content of the OUT file will be immediately used for pr
17. alculat iod section GENERAL Simulation interval Choice from None already existing file with hydraulic solution From tl to t2 START t1 STOP t2 snapshot at tx START tx STOP tx Time step between two calculations TIMESTEP Calculation year YEAR Calculation accuracy for flow and heads ACCURACY Maximum number of iterations TRIALS Water quality section OTIMES Time step between two calculations QUALITY TIMESTEP Maximum number of segments SEGMENTS Minimum travel time MINIMUM TRAVELTIME Name of interim binary file with hydraulic solution SOLUTION HYDRAULICS SAVE or USE depending on purpose Name of binary report file REPORT BFILE Start time in the report REPORT REPORT START Time step in the report REPORT REPORT TIMESTEP Page size in the report REPORT PAGESIZE Status info REPORT STATUS By modification of the ALCALC INI file the previous version becomes overwritten The program proceeds by calling the calculation module ALCALC EXE There are several possibilities in performing a calculation as a hydraulic calculation only If the water quality file WQI is not present or the None water quality calculation is specified that calculation will not be performed The basic results of the hydraulic calculation can be stored in the interim binary file with extension HBI Based on this information a water quality calculation can be done later if necessary as
18. be done on the map by mouse the right button ends the selection as well as from the list of the nodes the OK button ends the selection A legend will be added to the diagram depending on the choice of nodes Moreover a minimum and maximum value will be indicated for each series The graph includes the simulation period starting from a pre selected point in time Obviously the diagram cannot be generated if that moment is the end time of the simulation run For comparison of the calculation results with real system operation a file DAT with measured data can be added via the option Graph Options see below 5 48 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Time series for node Figure 62 Setting parameters for time series for node Examples of the resulting output for pressure head and consumption at a particular node are given in Figures 63 and 64 respectively Figure 63 Time series for node pressure head KiwaN V 5 49 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 9 2 Kiwa N V 00 500 1000 1500 mwa 2500 Tres Itr Figure 64 Time series for node consumption Time series pipe Under this option the progression of a certain link parameter throughout a certain period can be displayed A maximum of five curves links can be shown in one diagram The link selection can be done on the map by mouse the right button ends the selection as well as from the list of the links the OK button ends the selection A
19. grey greyed out are temporarily disabled This means that the information required for these options is at that moment inaccessible to the program Sometimes menu options are accessible visible only if certain conditions are satisfied For example the input of water quality parameters is only possible if a water quality file was already retrieved 5 1 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Pressing the OK button in a dialog box means that the program proceeds with the information specified in that box Choosing the Cancel button will quit the dialog box without saving the latest modification 5 2 Overview of the menu options An overview of the menu options in ALEID2000 is given in the tables below In Table 1 the first command in each column comes from the main ALEID2000 menu being followed by the available options in the corresponding pull down menu see also Figure 3 Table Main menu A D 2000 Open Pro Editor Standard All Nodes amp Zoom In Any File ject Horizontally 196 Open Edit Nodes Zoom Out Summary Output Input Output Windows Vertically Save Input Copy Pipes Zoom All Demand ASCII Cascade Output Windows Project Summarize Clear Map Curve Snapshot Arrange Demand Icons oding erie Save Macro Show egend Legend A number of menu options branch out later on These are Edit Input see Table 2 Contour with sub options On and Off Show Legend and Modify Legend both with sub opti
20. have to be re calculated in ALEID2000 as an average demand per node If a model uses the standardised coordinate system for definition of node locations in The Netherlands so called GBKN co ordinates are in use it is possible to make links between these co ordinates and consumer s addresses available at the billing administration of the water supply company To enable processing of such information additional software to that for modelling should be used Automation of demand allocation is particularly important bearing in mind annual variations accurate demand distribution along the network model is crucial for its reliability 4 3 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 KiwaN V Model validation and calibration Calibration of the hydraulic model Before a model can be applied in practice it should prove to be sufficiently reliable During the initial model building procedure precautions should be taken to prevent the following sources of errors in the input underestimated effects of corrosion on the reduction of pipe diameters other factors which cause a pressure drop such as e g local losses due to bends or elbows change in demand allocation due to change of geographical borders corrections of administrative errors etc errors in peak factors e g when a certain major user follows another demand pattern than the generally accepted pattern in the model or when the effects of instantaneous
21. selection can be done on the map by mouse clicking at pump symbol or from the list Kiwa N V 5 51 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 9 5 Pump list Figure 67 Pump list from which pump curve can be selected 5 xf urvo at O00 he Pump KWMSC 4 Pree en befors purp KYNSC n baadi 0 ka 100 150 200 20 3M Flow sale mah Figure 68 Resulting pump curve Options This option adds the data obtained by the measurements in the system to the time series diagrams The data will be retrieved from the DAT file for the lay out of the file see section 4 15 The scale of the graph can be adjusted manually if wished then the Auto scale option should be cancelled The Graph Options command is accessible only from a graph window KiwaN V 5 52 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 10 Main menu option Report 5 10 1 Any file This command gets a selected file in the viewer The content can be inspected but not modified by clicking the arrow buttons or dragging the mouse over the track block 5 10 2 Summary output This option gives the basic information about the latest calculation ezecuted and possible STATUS info The content of the file will be displayed with the names of the files involved in the calculation description of the network configuration run parameters calculation accuracy etc The file is overwritten with every new calculation To keep consecuti
22. sub options are Edit Add Remove and Move After choosing any of these the mouse cursor turns into selection mode i e transforms into a vertical arrow ready for selection of a particular node or a new location The same result can be obtained by right clicking on an element in the network without first selecting the Edit Input menu Edit Clicking on a network node in the cursor selection mode opens a dialog box with current information about the node This is depending on the node type 5 11 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Node name number of existing categories average demands for each category code of hourly daily leakage correction and growth factors pattern attached to each average demand comment ground elevation X and Y co ordinates initial concentration comment source concentration comment pattern number All indicated information can be modified Edit node menu Reservoir name initial head type with additional parameters where required comment ground elevation X and Y co ordinates initial concentration comment source concentration comment pattern number reservoir reaction coefficient comment 1 Nw Amst Veenoord Figure 14 KiwaN V Edit node menu General tab 5 12 o f ea ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Edit node menu Water quality General Consu Consumption patterns Number of Consumption Categories fa Consump
23. 24 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 5 2 5 Kiwa N V SWITCHING SCHEDULE 1 ARTIFICIAL PIPE BETWEEN KYNSC AND 74 SWITCHING SCHEDULE 2 ARTIFICIAL PIPE BETWEEN AJERM AND 83 SWITCHING SCHEDULE 1 ARTIFICIAL PIPE BETWEEN KVNSC AND 74 SWITCHING SCHEDULE 2 ARTIFICIAL PIPE BETWEEN AJERM AND 83 Periodicity of control enten Repeat periodicity during calculation period Wead Delete row F Do notinelude hour 0 OK Cancel Figure 32 Controls screen right part Related files Modification of the control settings is temporary it is registered only in computer memory as long as the program is active If it is preferred to make it permanent i e registered also in the input files the menu option File Save input should be chosen see section 5 4 3 This action will affect the content of the control file STF section CONTROLS Edit Input Curves Tanks This relation can specify the Volume Head relation for reservoirs where the identification number has to be greater than 0 NI H values have to be greater than 0 Remarks Data following an empty row will be ignored Incomplete data the missing value will be set to 0 The values for the V H relation have to be specified in ascending order Related files Modification of the control settings is temporary it is registered only in computer memory as long as the program is active If you prefer to make it permanent Le registered also in th
24. 27 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Remarks Data following an empty row will be ignored Incomplete data the missing value will be set to 0 The values for pump curves have to be specified in ascending order Related files Modification of the control settings is temporary it is registered only in computer me mory as long as the program is active If you prefer to make it permanent 1 e registered also in the input files select the menu option File Save input see section 5 4 3 This action will affect the content of the curves library file PHF sections PUMP CURVES and HYDRANT CURVES 5 5 3 Edit Input Hydraulic Options Various parameters used in hydraulic calculations can be modified under this option see Figure 37 Tk Comments Head loss formula D w1 X Specific mass fi Viscosity mas 0 000001 31 Global pressure threshold 0 m head GL Cancel Figure 37 Hydraulic options menu The applied head loss formula The roughness factor used in the input must be in accordance with the formula selected here Options are Hazen Williams Darcy Weissbach and Ch zy Manning Mass density of water in the network It is used exclusively for conversion of the pressure units The kinematic viscosity Default setting for viscosity is 1 31 10 m s at T 10 C The global pressure threshold local pressure threshold is specified by the Node menu The default se
25. 3 Initialisation file ALCALC INI 4 14 Model input file 7 Contour file 4 15 Measurements data file menu option Graph Options 5 WORKING WITH THE PROGRAM 5 1 Menu conventions 5 2 Overview of the menu options 5 3 Window types 5 4 File menu 5 5 Main menu option Edit 5 6 Main menu option Calculate F5 5 7 Main menu option Info 5 8 Main menu option View 5 9 Main menu option Graph 5 10 Main menu option Report 5 11 Main menu option Window Kiwa N V 1 PAGE p jemah p jamaah 1 1 1 1 1 p jemah p jamah 1 1 WN RR Re NDENG kad yak a DAB ABA ah ah ah aha aa Wa ai WW AND 4 5 4 7 P BHRHRHRHASHA ji jk WAN TO GD 00 l MA g a a tn a B BR to Oo MW oOrRMWNORWN RR DM DAM a a ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa N V 5 12 6 1 7 1 7 3 74 7 5 7 6 dad 7 8 7 9 7 10 7 11 7 12 7 13 7 14 7 15 7 16 7 17 7 18 7 19 7 20 7 21 7 22 7 23 7 24 7 25 7 26 7 21 7 28 7 29 Main menu option Help EKAMPLE Introduction REFERENCE CONSUMPTION CONTROLS COORDINATES CORRECTION DAYFACTORS END GENERAL HYDRANTS ILEAKAGE OPTIONS PATTERNS PIPES PRESS DEPENDENCE PUMP CURVES and HYDRANT CURVES PUMPS QOPTIONS QPATTERNS QTIMES QUALITY REACTIONS RELATIVE GROWTH REPORT SOLUTION SOURCES TANKS TDATA TIMES TITLE VALVES 5 56 1
26. 4 4 and further Example Valve Nodel Node2 100 PRV 25 Valve Nodel Node2 100 PRV 25 7 35 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa N V 7 36 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 LITERATURE 1 Huisman L 1969 Stromingsweerstanden in leidingen Hydraulic head loss in pipelines in Dutch Kiwa publication No 14 Rijswijk The Netherlands 2 Rossman L A Boulos P F and Altman T 1993 The Discrete Volume Element Method for Modeling Water Quality in Pipe Networks in Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management Vol 119 no 5 ASCE 3 Edwards D K Denny V E and Mills A F 1976 Transfer Processes McGraw Hill New York 4 Commissie Leveringszekerheid 1992 Aanbevelingen voor de leveringsze kerheid van de drinkwatervoorziening Recommendations on the sustainability of drinking water supply in Dutch final report of the Committee on Water Supply Sustainability VEWIN Rijswijk The Netherlands 5 Rossman L A 1993 EPANET Users Manual EPA RRL Cincinnati
27. 9 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 4 5 5 4 6 5 4 7 5 5 5 5 1 Kiwa NV Printing This command makes a print of the active window by the selected printer All windows opened by using options View Graph and Report including the viewer from the main ALEID2000 menu can be printed Before the printing actually starts the printer properties print range and number of copies can be set The printout orientation is selected from the Printer Settings menu option see later Network printouts in vertical portrait orientation allow for a few more lines of text Print Setup The settings defined by the Print Setup menu determine the printout format in general By choosing this option a standard window will be activated allowing for the definition of printer type name printer properties paper size paper source print out orientation portrait or landscape Exit This command terminates the program keeping the current settings saved in the main initialisation file ALEID2000 INI These settings are parameter shown in colours node size link thickness legend colour settings background colour form of highlighting track of the data files in use before exit aspect ratio width height proportion in the graphs Main menu option Edit Editor This command starts a DOS editor loading a file chosen via the standard file window The specified editor operates completely independen
28. A simulation can be defined as follows It is specified for a period beginning at 0 hours until a time T determined by the number of factors For 24 hour simulations the standard time calculation step bet ween two consecutive times factors is one hour This can be modified separately During simulations longer than 24 hours the multiplication of nodal average demands goes in two cycles daily and weekly Every 24 hours a particular peak factor will be multiplied with the related day factor This is arranged in the program so that when all the factors of a certain pattern row are exhausted the calculation proceeds with the first one again The day factors are specified for a maximum of one week 7 values The average demand is further multiplied by the leakage growth and correction factors It is specified in the basic file which patterns are valid for certain nodes Different demand patterns can be attached to one model area e g for various demand categories and or minimum maximum or average supply conditions The demand pattern file consists of the following data sections TIMES PATTERNS DAYFACTORS LEAKAGE CORRECTION RELATIVE GROWTH NOTE The order of the sections in the file is compulsory Detailed information on each section type is given in Chapter 7 in alphabetical order No minimum configuration for network calculation is required for this file Regarding the comments in the file the same applies a
29. Arbitrary file name with extension WQI Description The file consists of the following sections QOPTIONS sets the water quality calculation type QUALITY gives initial concentration or source in a node REACTIONS gives reactions per pipe SOURCES indicates sources of substances KiwaN V 4 10 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 11 4 12 Kiwa N V QPATTERNS specifies variation patterns of source concentration Relations between file elements The calculation type chosen under QOPTIONS determines which sections will be required further in the file The QUALITY section can be present in all options whereas the other headers will be used for concentration calculations only The pattern numbers specified under SOURCES have to be declared under the QPATTERNS header Detailed information on each section type is given in Chapter 7 in alphabetical order Relations with other files Relates to the basic file by referring to the node names existing there Name of the water quality file is declared in the project file The time calculation step for QPATTERNS is the same as used for the demand patterns from the demand pattern library Model input file 5 Co ordinates file Purpose Information about node locations in the model area X and Y co ordinates together with node elevations Z are specified Identification Arbitrary file name with extension XY Description The co ordinates file
30. EACTIONS LIMITING POTENTIAL By setting the percentage the node name from which the calculation starts must be specified This node has to be a real source e g a reservoir node Related files Modification of the water quality options is temporary it is registered only in compu ter memory as long as the program is active If you prefer to make it permanent Le registered also in the input files select the menu option File Save Input see section 5 4 3 This action will affect the content of the water quality file WOI sections QOPTIONS and REACTIONS KiwaN V 5 29 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 5 3 2 5 5 3 3 Kiwa N V Modify input Concentration pattems In concentration patterns a similar menu appears as for hourly factors see section 5 5 2 3 The same procedure can also be applied in this case Note that the time interval of the demand and concentration pattern is the same Concentration pattern li Multipliers Paten o Commet OA TENANAN amp dd column Figure 39 Concentration pattern menu Related files Modification of the concentration patterns is temporary it is registered only in computer memory as long as the program is active If you prefer to make it permanent i e registered also in the input files select the menu option File Save Input see section 5 4 3 This action will affect the content of the water quality file WQI section QPATTERNS Edit Input Contour
31. Gen Figure 49 Info pipes window In order to apply the model for the development of flushing programs an extra feature added here is the presentation of the residence time in a link This option is available only during calculations of one steady state snapshot Simulation of residence time over a certain period is not yet included in the program although conclusions can be drawn from a number of steady state calculations Summarize demand This command summarises the total calculated demand for a number of selected nodes It can be activated only when an output file has been selected The selection ends by clicking the right mouse button ea ALEID2000 CASE1 0UT Output File Edit Calculate Info view Graph Report Window Help amp Ba All Nodes amp Pipes F6 Nodes F Summarize Demand Contour Save Macro Read Macro Figure 50 Summarize Demand selection 5 39 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Total calculated consumption at 0 00 hr wo BNE 3 9 0 3 1 1 6 9 5 2 6 f Hi e Hi i ry ra g Hi A g Hi ri jA w KAINI JW III Figure 51 Resulting window 5 7 5 Contour This applies or removes the contour lines from the map This is done by a small dialog box with the options On and Off The contour file CON is retrieved together with the input or output however it is not a compulsory part of the model information Sa 4LEID2000 CASE1 0UT Outp
32. LEID2000 program itself plus additional free space depending on the size of the network 16 Mb internal memory RAM a floppy disk drive a mouse Microsoft Windows 95 or better Recommended system requirements Pentium up to 1000 nodes Pentium II up to 2000 nodes or Pentium III over 2000 nodes 1 Gbof free space on the hard disk for the ALEID2000 calculation results 64 Mb RAM or more acolour monitor of at least 17 Network use e g NOVELL is possible provided that DOS and Windows are supported Installation ALEID2000 is provided on a single CD To install the program do the following 1 Insert the ALEID2000 CD in the CD ROM drive the CD will auto run Follow the instructions on screen 2 Ifthe CD does not run automatically select the Start menu then choose Run 3 Type lt drive gt SETUP in the command box where lt drive gt is the cdrom drivename Next click on the OK button 4 Default Aleid2000 will be installed in CAALEID2K If you wish the ALEID2000 package to be installed in a different directory give the full path name of your directory in the displayed dialog box 5 Click the NEXT button to proceed with the installation Upon completion a new program group named ALEID2000 will appear on screen with the ALEID2000 icon The files installed by this procedure are listed in Appendix C If for any reason the package has to be re installed the above procedure must be fo
33. PATTERN TIMESTEP 15 MIN interval of 15 minutes 7 33 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 28 KiwaN V TITLE Purpose Description of the specific case network Format Up to 9 rows of maximum 80 characters each Remarks This section is optional It should appear only once in the file Additional comments after use of do not create problems during data reading but they will automatically be removed after the input is modified and saved via the ALEID2000 menu options Modify and File Save input Example TITLES This is a test network This comment will be saved this will not be saved by the program 7 34 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 29 Kiwa NV VALVES Purpose Information about the valves Format valve from to diam type setting llcoeff Parameters valve valve pipe name from i upstream node name to f downstream node name diam valve diameter mm type valve type PRV pressure reducing valve PSV pressure sustaining valve PBV pressure breaking valve FCV flow control valve TCV throttle control valve setting f pre set head mwc for PRV PSV en PBV pre set flow for FCV m h loss coefficient for TCV coef local loss factor for fully opened valve equals 0 if not specified Remarks The valves are operated via the CONTROLS section in the control settings file For description of the valve types see Appendix F section F
34. Research and Consultancy Groningenhaven 7 P O Box 1072 3420 BB Nieuwegein The Netherlands Phone 31 30 606 95 11 Fax 31 30 606 11 65 e mail alg kiwaoa nl ALEID2000 UK version Nieuwegein May 2003 2000 Kiwa N V User Manual No part of this text may be reproduced and or made public by means of print photocopy microfilm or in any other way neither may it be used for any other purpose than for which it was intended without the prior written permission of Kiwa N V CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 About the program 1 2 Technical support 1 3 Ouick start 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM 2 1 Introduction 2 2 Hydraulic calculations 2 3 Water quality calculations 2 4 Data input 2 9 Output presentation 3 INSTALLATION AND START UP OF ALEID2000 3 1 System reguirements 3 2 Installation 3 3 Adjusting settings after the installation 34 Working with ALRID2000 4 BUILDING MODELS IN ALEID2000 4 1 Collection of relevant model information 4 2 Required input data 4 3 Tools helping in setting up a model 4 4 Model validation and calibration 4 5 General remarks about the input files for ALEID2000 4 6 The project file 4 7 Model input file 1 Basic file 4 8 Model input file 2 Demand patterns and factors library 4 9 Model input file 3 Status and control settings file 4 10 Model input file 4 Water quality options 4 11 Model input file 5 Co ordinates file 4 12 Model input file 6 Curves library file 4 1
35. STEP Time calculation interval between two consecutive steady state calculations TRIALS Maximum allowed number of iterations if the requested accuracy cannot be reached The default setting is 40 ACCURACY Specifies calculation accuracy A double criterion is applied The criterion defined with value1 ends the calculation when the relative error of the flow rates becomes smaller than the specified value for all links Expressed numerically with OG being the flow rate in pipe i after iteration K IQs i Q DI Qui lt valuel 1 The default setting for this criterion is 0 01 Values smaller than 10 cannot be used 7 8 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa NV The criterion specified with value2 ends the calculation if the head difference between two consecutive iterations becomes smaller than the given value for all nodes Expressed numerically with Hk j being the head in node j after iteration k HG Hl lt value2 2 The default setting for this criterion is 0 001 mwc Both criteria have to be satisfied before the iteration will stop Example GENERAL START 0 STOP 12 YEAR 2000 ACCURACY 0 02 0 001 7 9 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 8 Kiwa NV HYDRANTS Purpose Information about hydrants in the model Format hyd net out hydID Parameters hyd hydrant name net name of the network node where the hydrant is connected out name of the outflow n
36. V Pattern file Figure 24 The pattern file menu Time Hour factors By selecting this pattern type from the dialog box a table with 24 hour patterns appears The factors of each demand category have to be stored in the same row while each column except the first and the last indicates factors at a certain moment in time The first column contains the pattern number and the last column contains any related comments Extending shortening the patterns is done by filling emptying the columns at the end of each row 5 20 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Time Hour multipliers i Pattern time step Thr i 8 mt AK a ran sah KN Ai Mutipier a LI TI TA NITI NDA TIIN PN La NEG NA T Ahh Tal A ppt tJ Lt tt Et Et tt 8 9 10 1112 13 14 1516 17 86 19 M22 Time Figure 25 Time Hour factors screen Day factors This option leads to a table where day factors can be specified modified A maximum of seven values one week can be defined for each category A comment can be given at the end of the row Day multipliers 4 Figure 26 Day factors screen Kiwa N V 5 21 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Leakage loss percentages The same applies as for previous tables except that this table consists of one column only leakage percentages for different categories Leakage losses i Cancel Figure 27 Leakage losses screen Correction factors As above Correction multiplier f J Cancel Figure 28 Correction fa
37. are not allowed Related files Modification of the patterns is temporary it is registered only in computer memory as long as the program is active If you prefer to make it permanent i e registered also in the input files select the menu option File Save input see section 5 4 3 This action will affect the content of the pattern file PAT all sections Edit Input Controls By running this command a table where the control settings can be specified or modified appears on the screen see Figures 29 and 30 The text in the table has to follow the format described in section 7 2 Additional rows settings can be included or the existing ones deleted from the table The program will check the syntax of the added modified text LINK KVNSC OPEN AT TIME 0 HOURS SWITCHING LINK P 000P CLOSED AT TIME 0 HOURS ARTIFICIAL LINK AJERM CLOSED AT TIME 0 HOURS SWITCHING LINK P 001P OPEN AT TIME 0 HOURS ARTIFICIAL LINK K NSC CLOSED AT TIME 1 HOURS SWITCHING LINK KVNSC OPEN AT TIME 7 HOURS LINK K NSC CLOSED AT TIME 21 HOURS LINK P 000P OPEN AT TIME 1 HOURS ARTIFICIAL LINK P 000P CLOSED AT TIME 7 HOURS LINK AJERM OPEN AT TIME 16 HOURS SWITCHING LINK AJERM CLOSED AT TIME 20 HOURS LINK P 001P CLOSED AT TIME 16 HOURS ARTIFICIAL v Periodicity of control Jasana Repeat periodicity during calculation period Wed Delete row F Do not melude hour 0 OK Cancel il Figure 31 Controls screen left part 5
38. ata about the simulation run parameters SOLUTION names of the output files for hydraulic calculation REPORT output data used for presentation of the results by the Windows shell QTIMES data required for generating a water quality solution optional For a detailed description see Chapter 7 Relations between file elements No special requirements exist Relations with other files ALCALC INI contains the names of the binary output files Model input file 7 Contour file Purpose Description of the topography in the model area The contour can consist of several lines Each row contains one set of X Y co ordinates or the asterisk character The 4 12 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 15 Kiwa NV contour will be drawn starting with co ordinates from the top to the bottom of the file After reading the asterisk character the program proceeds by drawing a new line from the following co ordinates Sections There is one section with the name LINE Format xX Y or Parameters X and Y are co ordinates which have to be specified in the same co ordinates system as those used for the nodes The X Y rows can be split by the partition character asterisk Remarks none Measurements data file menu option Graph Options Purpose In the menu option Graph Options a set of measurements can be specified for the related graph This data is read from this file Format Xi Yi
39. ault setting growth factor 1 0 An equal number of years and growth percentages have to be specified such that the last percentage specified remains valid for any moment after its corresponding year Example RELATIVE GROWTH 02 1990 1995 2000 2010 02 JPN a A 2 O05 0 0 growth percentages Hence the annual population growths in this example will be 1 0 in the period 1990 1994 1 2 in the period 1995 1999 0 5 in the years 2000 2009 and 0 0 from year 2010 onwards 7 26 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 22 REPORT Purpose Storage of the requested output results in an ASCH format file Format STATUS NO YES or FULL BFile name PAGESIZE value REPORT START begtime units REPORT TIMESTEP timestep units Parameters name name of the binary file value numerical value begtime start time timestep time interval units time units default setting HOURS Remarks STATUS NO YES or FULL Specifies the level of information the status report will give about the calculation run This information will be stored in the ASCII file with name The variables have the following meaning NO no extra information will be generated YES a table is generated for each selected time containing information about the total number of iterations inflow outflow of the reservoirs and on off status of the pumps If applicable a table with infor mation about the water quality calculation will also be
40. ay of certain parameters for a number of nodes in the system These nodes can be selected by clicking the mouse directly on the map or by making a selection from the list of all existing nodes see Figure 47 Figure 47 Example of node list The mouse selection ends by clicking the right mouse button The choice of available parameters is the same as in the node section of the All Nodes amp Pipes command Info nodes selective 4 Nodes i E Total consumption entered Head above GL Total calculated consumption Head above MSL of total demand covered Ground level Wo water quality calculation Coordinates Li m Selection type Mouse List Figure 48 Info nodes window 5 7 3 Pipes This menu option allows the display of certain parameters for a number of links in the system These links can be selected by clicking the mouse directly on the map or by making a choice from the list of all existing links The mouse selection ends by clicking the right mouse button The choice of available parameters is the same as for the link section in the All Nodes amp Pipes command KiwaN V 5 38 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 1 4 Kiwa N V Info pipes selectiye Pipe name Diameter P Flow rate Wall roughness I Flow direction Hydraulic grade line Velocity Local loss coefficient Length Selection type Mouse List
41. content has to be modified by adding the PRESS DEPENDENCE section after the already present section CONTROLS Extend the file CASE 96 STF with the following rows PRESS DEPENDENCE GLOBAL 20 This enables a global linear pressure demand dependence below the nodal pressure of 20 m head pressure threshold 6 3 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Step 23 NOTE Step 24 Step 25 Step 26 Step 27 Step 28 Step 29 O Kiwa N V See paragraphe 7 13 and appendices E3 4 and E7 for details Ezit the editor by saving the modified CASE 96 STF file The program returns to the output mode The new calculation can be performed by repeating steps 3 to 16 The above modification can also be done via the menu option Edit Edit Input instead of the editor steps 20 to 23 To do this the program should switch to input mode first steps 3 to 7 After this is done the Hydraulic Options option should be selected from the menu after Edit Edit Input The global pressure threshold can then be set in the dialog bok that follows Possible deviations from this value in specific nodes are specified individually Before a new calculation is executed steps 8 to 16 the input modification should be saved This is done with the menu option File Save Input Perform the new calculation steps 3 to 16 The calculation results show positive pressures in the system This is achieved by the calculated demand
42. cs from the curves library attached to the pump Q H relation Remarks The pump regime has to be specified in the CONTROLS section of the control settings file A booster out of operation will be modelled as a closed pipe Example PUMPS Pumpl FromSuc ToPress 5 pump curve nr 5 KiwaN V 7 19 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 16 Kiwa NV QOPTIONS Purpose Defines the type of water quality calculation intended for modelling Format NONE or CHEMICAL or substance units AGE or TRACE node Parameters substance arbitrary substance name given by the user node name of the node from which the water route is followed units alternative units for the water quality calculations The default setting is mg l Remarks Model simulation can be executed with or without one selected water quality calculation NONE no water quality calculation included in the simulation CHEMICAL concentration calculation of a chemical substance substance ditto declaring a particular substance AGE calculation of average travel time TRACE calculation of total percentage of the specified source node for the entire period of simulation Hence the alternative for the word CHEMICAL can also be the name of the substance concerned This name will appear in the output of the calculation These sections can be specified only once in the file The calculation of the travel time keeps the travel time in
43. ctors screen Kiwa N V 5 22 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Planni ods Growtl This option leads to the same sort of table as the previous ones except that it consists of two parts one for years of the periods and another for growth percen tages If less than five periods are specified the program stores the information in the last columns filling the rest of the table with 0 As this is done automatically once the input is completed no special attention to this needs to be paid by the user A comment for each period can be added Planning periods Growth rates f Figure 29 Planning periods Growth rates screen planning periods Planning periods Growth rates A 1 860000 1 860000 1 050000 3150000 3 150000 1 860000 1 860000 1 050000 3 150000 3 150000 1 110000 1 110000 1 000000 1 820000 1 820000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 Delete row Figure 30 Planning periods Growth rates screen growth rates Kiwa N V 5 23 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 5 2 4 Kiwa N V Remarks A time step has to be longer than 0 Leak percentages have to be equal to or greater than 0 Different lengths of series for different categories are allowed in case of hourly and day factors The first time the program reads an empty cell in a row of a certain category it assumes that this is the end of the series and proceeds with values starting from the beginning of the row Consequently empty cells within a series
44. culation is done the program imports the appropriate input into the shell At that point the input becomes temporarily inaccessible All output information can be requested Info View Graph and Report menu The output is stored in a binary file OUT This file can be read only via the Open Output command from the File menu Once created hydraulic calculations can be stored in a separate binary file HBI Using this file water quality calculations can be performed later Here again the input project has to be imported For further information see 5 6 An extensive example of calculations is discussed in Chapter 6 3 2 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 1 Building models in ALEID2000 Collection of relevant model information As can be seen from the descriptions in the previous chapter much data is reguired to build a model To obtain this various sources may be available in practice maps computerized databases e g GIS system data obtained from monitoring system components flows pressures or energy consumption at the pumping stations levels in the reservoirs pressure and flow measurements at different points of the network e g at the connection points between districts or neighbouring water supply compa nies and finally the consumption data registered for billing purposes The type of data needed depends on the type of the model that has to be created The first step is to set the objectives for which the model will b
45. cut for adding a node is provided by one of the buttons immediately to the left of the top of the screen Sa a ajaja 2 Map input file Figure 19 Add node button Remove A selected node will be deleted from the system by selecting this option The action has to be confirmed by pressing the OK button NOTE All links connected to the removed node will be removed from the network as well Move With this command a new location of the existing node can be specified by clicking in the selection mode A window appears on screen requesting confirmation of the Move command A short cut for adding a node is again provided by one of the buttons immediately to the left of the top of the screen sja gt Raja X Move Node Figure 20 Move node button Related files The network modification done by the Edit Input Node option is temporary it is registered in computer memory only as long as the program is active If it is preferred to make it permanent i e registered also in the input files choose Save Input from KiwaN V 5 16 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 5 2 2 Kiwa N V the File menu see section 5 4 3 This action will affect the content of the following files Basic file sections CONSUMPTION and TANKS Co ordinates file Water quality file sections QUALITY REACTIONS TANK and SOURCES Edit Input Pipe In this menu option the network links can be
46. demand are neglected in spite of the small number of consumers operation control of the system components improperly translated into the model e g pumping regimes or valve operation After the model input is determined with the best possible information available the results of the first computer runs should be compared with different sets of measurements than those used in the model building process Such validation provides an impression of the behaviour of the model If a model does not properly reflect reality immediately or after some time the model parameters should be modified based on network monitoring This process is called calibration Parameters that are often re calibrated because their values are usually unreliable are local minor loss factors pipe roughness factors demands pump speeds Proper calibration of the hydraulic part of the model is very important After all the flows calculated by the hydraulic model are used as a basis for the water quality calculations Hence errors created by hydraulic calculations will affect the calculated water quality parameters as well Calibration of the water quality model The calculations of the water quality model for conservative substances fractions and travel times are solely dependent on the results of the hydraulic calculations A well calibrated hydraulic model will in principle lead to reliable water quality calculations Problems can appear eith
47. e file More control settings can be applied to the same pipe The control can be set on time or the water level in a reservoir on the pressure in a node or on the flow in a pipe times can be specified as hours minutes or with decimal point In the second case the units assumed are hours unless specified differently No optimization of the specified controls is possible by the program For calculation of a new time the program will survey the control settings and apply those relevant for that moment Head and flow related controls will be handled sequentially Thus the and and and and or constructions for combinations of head or flow controls are not possible Head and flow controls take priority over time controls 7 2 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Separate on and off controls have to be given by the head and flow controls e g when a pump has to switch on if a head somewhere rises above 30 mwc control defined as LINK pump OPEN IF NODE cnode ABOVE 30 it will not switch off once the head drops below 30 mwc This has to be specified separately Head and flow controls will be effectively applied only if the accuracy specified for the calculation iteration can be achieved Unlike the demand patterns the control settings are not periodic For each simulation it should be checked whether all relevant settings are defined for the entire period Example LINK pipel CLOSED AT TIME 3 LINK
48. e input files select the menu option File Save input see section 5 4 3 This action will affect the content of the curves library file PHF section TDATA 5 25 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 lipe of cun FE ecw SD Ts Ebest Ven Ae Figure 33 Edit Curves Tank relation Pumps Hydrants This relation can specify the flow pressure jump drop relation for pumps hydrants There are two possible methods of curve definition see section 7 14 by formula or by polygonal line via points The following is valid the identification number has to be greater than 0 the flow pressure jump drop values have to be greater than 0 1 jam echakekchema2 A Enez chakabichema 3 piam schskekchema _ Figure 34 Edit pump curve first screen Kiwa N V 5 26 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 The menu structure of this option consists of two levels The following should be specified in the first level see Figure 34 the type of curve hydrant pump or tank the identification number of the curve grid on the left and the curve type above Choosing the Formula option will change the headers in the grid on the right where the curve values are specified A graphic presentation of the input is also possible here ar Q Ke pm a 7 T Figure 35 Edit pump curve second screen dH m head Figure 36 Pump characteristics curve shown by clicking on Show button KiwaN V 5
49. e used Possible purposes are design or reconstruction of the infrastructure transport model network management district model at the level of the main pipes development of flushing programs street level one to one model study of network reliability transport model water quality considerations transport or district model The purpose determines the level of detail required in the model Then the borders of the network have to be defined For every system a water balance should be formulated so that all inflows and outflows of the model area can be inventoried and the local installations identified such as pumping stations and storage facilities see Figure 2 KiwaN V 4 1 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 District Pumping station tor production Pumping station for distribution Water tower Bulk supply Booster Figure 2 Schematised presentation of a water balance Only then real data collection for specific model components can start 4 2 Required input data The input data required depends on the complexity of the model and the intended calculations A minimum model configuration consists of one supply point with known initial head one or more demand nodes and one or more pipes Depending on the available installations and the operation controls in the network the model can be extended by nodes without demand pumps reservoirs hydrants gate valves
50. ead above MSL Velocity Ti e Diameter Demand entered Wall roughness Calculated consumption Hydraulic aradient C Z demand covered C Donat show No water quality calculation Adjust to node parameter Adjust to pipe parameter taren Figure 56 Colour coding settings menu Nodes Head above GL O Head above MSL O Ground level TO Demand entered O Calculated consumption O Yo demand covered O Water quality Concentration W Adjust to pipe parameter VO 5 43 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 8 6 Kiwa N V Pipes Flow rate O Velocity O Diameter VO Wall roughness VO Hydraulic gradient O Donot show VO Adjust to node parameter 1 0 Show Legend This option displays or removes the legend s from the screen Two legends are commonly displayed one for node and one for link data If the same parameter is chosen both for nodes and links only one legend will appear The legends can be moved to another position by dragging the mouse after placing the cursor inside the legend box Sa 4LEID2000 CASE1 PRO input File Edit Calculate Info view Graph Report Window Help zu Ba zoom In gus af Zoom Out Wa e Zoom Al 5 Clear Map Colour Coding Shift F6 NI Show Legend Node Change Legend gt Pipe E Node amp Pipe Options Figure 57 Show Change legend menu 5 44 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 8 7 j wana an YA wi m Xn i
51. ead loss formula used This must be defined in the Control settings file STF in case another than the default the Darcy Weissbach formula is used Identification numbers given for reservoirs pumps and hydrants are references to the accompanying curves These must be present in the curves library file PHF under the same number Identification of the demand category given for each node refers to the demand patterns library file The patterns there have to be declared under the same identification except when the code 00 default setting is used 4 7 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 7 2 4 8 4 8 1 Kiwa NV The initial head given for each reservoir can be adjusted in the control settings file Set up of basic configuration The layout of the basic file is based on the principle that each component in it node pipe valve etc should appear only once For example a pipe with a valve should be mentioned in the list of valves and not in the list of ordinary pipes a reservoir node should not appear in the list of ordinary discharge nodes etc Modification of the file becomes easier in this way The basic file consists of the following data sections TITLE CONSUMPTION TANKS PIPES PUMPS HYDRANTS VALVES END NOTE The order of the sections in the file is compulsory A minimum configuration for network calculation consists of nodes pipes and fixed head nodes i e the data in the sec
52. ene janane ema Bekas taa INGGEH a Figure 53 Selection of area to zoom in to An alternative option for zooming in on an area is provided through buttons at the top of the screen ALEID2000 CASE1 PRO input File Edit Calculate Info view Graph f ta S RRI Figure 54 Alternative zoom options zoom in to selected area 5 8 2 Zoom out This command restores a previous zoom in on the screen An alternative is again provided through a button at the top of the screen 5 8 3 Zoom all With this command the map will be shown in the original size ge S Ajal Map input file i Figure 55 Alternative zoom option back to full network Kiwa N V 5 42 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 8 4 5 8 5 Kiwa N V Clear Map All information applied to the map will be deleted by this command so that only the original network layout is shown once more Colour coding This option displays a menu from which a certain parameter can be selected for graphic presentation in colours The setting remains saved in the ALEID2000 INI file after the program is terminated One node and one pipe parameter can be selected for simultaneous presentation In a number of cases this can be the same parameter for both nodes and pipes Depending on the type of retrieved information I input O output W water quality output the following parameters can be chosen Colour coding Nodes Pipes Head above GL Flow rate H
53. enu 5 12 Main menu option Help 5 12 1 About ALEID2000 This option opens a window with general information about the current ALEID2000 version registration number Windows version and memory use Sa 4LEID2000 CASE1 PRO input Hie ajaja About Aleid Fi BA Ground Leyel 25 23 33 N 2167 Figure 76 Selecting About Aleid2000 Kiwa Aleid 2000 v1 04 011 kiwa BT for Windows 95 98 NT tr Copyright c 2000 Kiwa NV This product is licensed to Mr S Curity Kiwa Water Research Serialnumber SE Emai aleid kiwa nl Figure 77 About Aleid2000 screen KiwaN V 5 56 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 6 1 Kiwa N V Example Introduction A simple example is presented in this Chapter to demonstrate some important features of ALEID2000 namely creation of original input files execution of the hydraulic calculation input data modification using ALEID2000 menus use of the editor Pressure related demand calculation water quality calculation calculation of travel times Presentation of results Step 1 Double click on the icon of the ALEID2000 programme group Step 2 Double click on the icon of the ALEID2000 programme A project file should be opened in the ALEID2000 shell Step 3 Click File Step 4 Click Open Project The window Open project file appears Step 5 Select the sub directory with the ALEID2000 files A
54. er at nodes where the assumption of complete mixing is questionable or in the reservoirs The parameters used for non conservative substances will need to be calibrated The reaction model used in this case originates from American research about chlorine 4 4 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 5 4 6 Kiwa NV distribution see reference 2 Nonetheless further research is suggested into its application for these or other substances General remarks about the input files for ALEID2000 The layout of the input files is described in the following sections The ALEID2000 input is split into a number of files each with its own function The types of files are project file model input files with basic information demand patterns co ordinates control settings pump characteristics water quality parameters contour lines describing the topography the initialisation file ALCALC INL 5 The following description will be given for each file type identification purpose content relations between the file elements relations with other files Except for the project file the general rule is that empty rows or rows starting with a semi colon will be skipped during data reading If the semi colon is placed somewhere within a row the information following it will be treated as a comment used for clarification Thus it will not be considered as input for calculation In any
55. es F7 Zz Pipes Fa Summarize Demandi Contour b NI Save Macro Read Macro Figure 45 Info selection window 5 35 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Under this option a list of available network parameters is shown on screen Selected parameters will be displayed in numbers on the map for all nodes and or links Several parameters can be shown simultaneously however some com binations cause overlapping of numbers which then become barely legible The following parameters can be selected see Figure 46 Info Options general NG Water quality calculation Figure 46 Info Options window Kiwa N V 5 36 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa NV Nodes Node name Head above GL Head above MSL Ground level Co ordinates Water guality Total consumption entered Total calculated consumption of total demand covered Total consumption entered gt 0 Total calculated consumption gt 0 Pipes I O Pipe name Flow rate Flow direction Velocity Length Diameter Wall roughness Hydraulic grade line Local loss coefficient T O T O VO O T O available if input information is retrieved available if output information is retrieved W available if water quality calculation was performed Parameters that are not accessible for presentation at a particular moment will be greyed out 5 37 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 7 2 Nodes This menu option allows the displ
56. es the list of nodes where the pressure related demand should be introduced with the corresponding value of the pressure threshold The theoretical concepts behind the pressure related demand being applied in this program are discussed in Appendix F section F 3 4 Format GLOBAL setting node setting Parameters setting pressure threshold mwc node name of the node in which the pressure related demand is applied Remarks The threshold specified after GLOBAL will be applied in the whole network with the exception of the individual nodes mentioned further The GLOBAL setting is also valid for old type 50 nodes from ALEID 7 1 L when these files are transferred to ALEID2000 Unlike the ALEID2000 concept pressure dependent calculation in ALEID 7 1 L would not affect the nodes with constant demand labelled there as type 50 If this is to be main tained in ALEID2000 as well those nodes should be included in the list below the GLOBAL setting with the threshold values set to 0 Only one node with a corresponding pressure threshold can be specified in each row The node name must exist in the basic file Example PRESS DEPENDENCE GLOBAL 20 general threshold of 20 mwc CWR1 10 exception clear water reservoir 7 16 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 14 PUMP CURVES and HYDRANT CURVES Purpose Description of Q H relation for each pump unit or hydrant in the system For
57. esentation of the pressure situation in the network in colours unless specified differently in the ALEID2000 INI file The remaining results can also be shown in the map by using the options available in the window Remarks Presentation of the output removes the input information from the program memory If a new calculation is necessary or input data modification is requested the project file has to be retrieved again If no WQI file is specified the water quality options cannot be accessed If one or more water quality parameters are not specified the program assumes the default settings see section 7 18 These are not given for the time step and the minimum travel time being calculated by the program itself The water quality status in the content output the file should be checked after every water quality calculation If many links exceed the specified segmentation in the last column and the calculation results show unexpected jumps the cal culation should be repeated with a larger number of segments NOTE The segmentation is inversely proportional to the water quality time step default setting 1 10 of the time step for hydraulic calculation Hence the smaller the time step is the more segments will be required Main menu option Info All Nodes amp Pipes Sa ALEID2000 CASE1 PRO input File Edit Calculate Info View Graph Report Window Help j amp Ba All Nodes amp Pipes F6 Nod
58. f BULK pipe bulkcoeff WALL pipe wallcoeff TANK node bulkcoefft LIMITING POTENTIAL value Parameters bulkcoeff bulk reaction coefficient of the reaction day wallcoeff wall reaction coefficient of the reaction m day pipe pipe name node node name value numerical value for the limiting potential in mg l Remarks DIFFUSITY gives the molecular diffusion of the chemical substance which is monitored The diffusion will be expressed in m sec or ft sec depending on the selected units The standard value is 1 21x10 m sec which is chlorine diffusion in water at 20 C Diffusion will only be used if pipe wall reactions are taken into consideration for the water quality calculation GLOBAL gives a single coefficient for the bulk or wall coefficient which applies for the whole network with the exception of individually specified pipes BULK and WALL provide coefficients for individual pipes TANK gives a reaction coefficient for an individual tank This takes priority over the given GLOBAL BULK coefficient The units of the WALL and the BULK coefficient are different One way to compare them would be to divide the wall coefficient by the hydraulic stream of the pipe half of the standard stream The resulting value will be in the same units as the bulk coefficient The value specified by LIMITING POTENTIAL indicates the maximum concentration possible When this is being used in combination with a positi
59. ficient comment All indicated information can be modified The following limitations apply a link name can not have more than 7 characters the new name should not exist amongst the other links the diameter has to be greater than 0 mm length wall roughness and local loss factor should be equal to or greater than 0 the pattern identification numbers should be between 0 and 99 no other link types than those named in the list are allowed the specified numbers of pump hydrant curves must exist in the pump hydrant library PHF file Pump modification menu Name AJERM Edit type Pump v Start node fea End node AJERM Pump No 1 x Ad Comment 75 Comment Bulk r c per day Wall coefficient m day Figure 22 Pump modification menu Add After activating this option the location of the new link has to be determined first By clicking in the selection mode at positions chosen for the link nodes the same dialog bok appears as in the case of the Edit option The reguired information should be filled in Kiwa N V 5 18 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 5 2 3 Kiwa N V Remove The selected link is deleted from the network by activating this option The action has to be confirmed by pressing the OK button NOTE The link node without other connections to the network will be removed together with the link Related files The modification done by the Ed
60. generated FULL The above information will be extended with the registered accuracy per iteration for each calculation step Moreover the ten nodes with the greatest result deviation will be indicated BFile Specifies the name of the binary output file used for communication with the Windows shell PAGESIZE Specifies the number of rows per page REPORT START Specifies from which simulation time moment the ASCII report and the binary output file should start registering the results REPORT TIMESTEP Specifies at which time intervals the results should be registered Example REPORT BE ILE test out STATUS FULL REPORT TIMESTEP 2 KiwaN V 7 27 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa N V 7 28 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 23 SOLUTION Purpose Defines the file name s where the results of an ordinary hydraulic calculation are kept for later use as input into water quality calculations Format HYDRAULICS USEname HYDRAULICS SAVE name Parameters name name of the binary file Remarks HYDRAULICS USE The file name specified by this command contains the information that can be used later when the water quality calculations are requested without running the hydraulic calculations beforehand HYDRAULICS SAVE The binary file specified by this command stores a calculated hydraulic output Ifthe same file name is specified in both cases it will mean that the latest hydraulic output will be u
61. has only one section COORDINATES For details see section 7 3 Relations between file elements The node names must be unique Relations with other files Itis allowed to keep only one co ordinates file per directory project All basic files Gf more than one can make use of this file Model input file 6 Curves library file Purpose To describe main characteristics of pumps hydrants and reservoirs in the model area Identification Arbitrary file name with extension PHF Description 4 11 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 13 4 14 Kiwa N V The file consists of three sections PUMP CURVES HYDRANT CURVES and TDATA For a detailed description see Chapter 7 Relations between file elements The identification numbers in one section must be unique Relations with other files Itis allowed to keep only one curves library file per directory project All basic files if more than one can make use of this file Initialisation file ALCALC INI Purpose Information that does not directly influence the particular model such as the names of the output files definition of the times and time steps The file ALCALC INI will be automatically created once calculation by ALEID2000 is being requested The file input is created from the values specified in the Run Standard menu Identification Fixed name ALCALC INI Description The file consists of the following sections GENERAL d
62. head can be changed via the CONTROLS section in the control settings file The V H relation is defined in the curves library PHF under the header TDATA Example TANKS Watert 30 28 34 20 cylindrical water tower Fhead 40 fixed head node reservoir realres 35 3 tank with V H curve nr 3 attached 7 31 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 26 Kiwa NV TDATA Purpose Defines the relation between the volume and the water level in the reservoir Format nr Vi Hi Parameters nr identification number of the V H relation Vi reservoir volume m in point i of the V H curve Hi surface water level m above reference level in point 1 of the V H curve Remarks The V H data sets create a polygonal line i e linear interpolation will be applied for the values in between the specified ones The list of V H points must use ascending values for volumes Example TDATA 2 0 30 2 6000 40 2 12000 50 7 32 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 27 Kiwa NV TIMES Purpose Defines which time calculation step is valid within a 24 hour demand variation and possibly for concentration patterns Format PATTERN TIMESTEP n MIN Parameters n time step interval between two consecutive peak factors This is usually given in hours when expressed in minutes the units min should be added Remarks This section can be given only once in the file Example TIMES
63. ing files are described in Chapter 4 The input files are created manually with an editor Modification of input files is done through the menu option Edit Edit Input of ALEID2000 This is described in section 5 2 2 2 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 2 5 Output presentation Both input and output data can be displayed on the map of the network by showing the ranges of the relevant parameter in different colours A variety of output parameters can be presented in this way The graphic snapshot results can be displayed for all calculated times sasarane mo PA Tambi Man SALATA Paran Teor 00 aaa Figure 1 Presentation possibilities of ALEID2000 Moreover diagrams can be created to present time series for certain parameters ata number of points in the network e g variations in nodal pressure or pipe flow at certain locations or the travel time towards certain points Finally all results can be shown on screen in tabular form and be saved as an ASCII file All features are explained in Chapter 5 where the menu options are described in detail KiwaN V 2 3 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 3 1 3 2 Kiwa NV Installation and start up of ALEID2000 System requirements In order to run the program the following minimum system requirements are necessary an IBM compatible PC 486 or higher supplied with acolour VGA or SVGA screen a minimum of 15 Mb of free space on the hard disk for the A
64. it Input Pipe option is temporary it is registered in computer memory only as long as the program is active If it is preferred to make it permanent i e registered also in the input files the menu option File Save Input should be chosen see 5 4 3 This action will affect the content of the following files Basic file sections PIPES PUMPS HYDRANTS and VALVES Water quality file sections REACTIONS WALL and BULK Edit Input Demand Patterns Sa ALEID2000 CASE1 PRO input File Edit Calculate Info View Graph Report Window Help S Editor lalalel ol Edit Input gt Node b FE Pipe 4 SP Remove Area gt 3 Si Options Demand Patterns Controls Curves Hydraulic Options Water Quality Options Concentration Patterns Contour Figure 23 Selection menu for option Edit Input Demand Patterns When this command is selected a dialog box with the choice of pattern types appears see Figure 23 The time step valid for hourly and concentration factor patterns has to be specified first A comment can be added to this If no other modification is required select option None from the list of the pattern types before pressing the OK button If a certain pattern type is selected instead the program proceeds with lists of the current values for requested patterns Modification of the values may now take place 5 19 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa N
65. it the editor after saving the file content Run a new calculation steps 6 to 19 after adding the CASE 96 WQI in the project file Open Project dialog box Water qual file cell The file is not automatically retrievable once added to the list in the project file To allow this the Save and Retrieve option from the Open Project dialog box has to be chosen The fields in the Water quality tab of the Calculation dialog box menu option Calculate Standard should be completed in principle If a water quality calculation has already been done the values from the last calculation will appear For calculations using default settings the number of segments will be displayed only standard 100 The calculation is then performed in compliance with the principle explained in Appendix E section E 6 8 concerning time steps and residence times The outputs of hydraulic calculations performed earlier can also be used for the water quality stmulation Option None has to be selected in the run time field of the Calculation dialog box menu option Calculate Standard The name CASE 96 has to be indicated as the previously created HBI file A file name other than CASE 96 OUT should be used for the binary report in order to prevent the CASE96 OUT file from being overwritten Inspect the travel times after the calculation has been successfully completed e g with the menu option Graph 6 5 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 1
66. legend will be added to the diagram depending on the choice of links Moreover a minimum and maximum value will be indicated for each series For comparison of the calculation results with real system operation a file DAT with measured data can be added via the option Graph Options see below Time series for pipe Unit Flow rate C Velocity energy Hydraulic grade line pressure loss f Selection type Mouse C List i Cancel Figure 65 Time series for pipe flow rate selected 5 50 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 z 00 500 1000 1500 ma 0 Tah Figure 66 Time series for pipe flow rate graph 5 9 3 Demand This option is intended as support in network reliability assessments pressure related demand calculations A diagram with legend is displayed showing entered initial and calculated possi bly reduced demand for a selected node during a certain period see also Figure 64 Moreover the percentages of demand not delivered will be calculated for the whole selected interval The node selection can be done on the map by mouse as weli as from the list of the nodes 5 9 4 Pump curve This command shows the diagram for a selected pump unit When the input information has been retrieved the basic pump characteristics O H will be displayed pump speed 1 The curve will be readjusted with the current pump speed if the output information is in use The pump unit
67. ll files present in the sub directory appear in the File name box extension PRO Step 6 Double click CASE 96 PRO The window Open project appears In addition to the name of the project file CASE 96 PRO other files related to the model will be listed here These are CASE 96 BAS basic file CASE 96 PAT demand pattern library CASE 96 STF control settings file CASE 96 XY co ordinates file CASE 96 PHF curves library file Step7 Click OK 6 1 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa NV Step 8 Step 9 Step 10 Step 11 Step 12 Step 13 Step 14 Step 15 Step 16 The mput files are retrieved now and the program proceeds with the map window Map input file The graphic presentation of the network will be given here so that model integrity can be checked The calculation can be performed next Click Calculate Click Standard The dialog box for the selection of run options appears Calculation period The run time field has to be completed here The option Time gives the possibility to carry out a snapshot calculation for a selected moment In this case however a 24 hour simulation is going to be carried out Click From through Click on the input cell to the right of From and enter the value 0 Click at the input cell on the right of through and enter the value 24 Enter the calculation year in the same way Enter the calculation time step default setting 1 hour The time unit
68. llowed again 3 1 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 1 3 4 2 Kiwa NV The programs in the package can be started by double clicking the ALEID2000 icon or by moving the cursor to the icon and pressing lt ENTER gt Adjusting settings after the installation Language The language setting in ALEID2000 is default English The language can be changed at any time however in the International version only in the Edit Options menu Editor The program ALEID2000 can make use of an ASCII editor The desired default setting can be changed in the Edit Options menu Working with ALEID2000 If you have no model Before you can work with the program a model has to be created first See Chapter 4 for details Rather than starting from scratch it is recommended that you modify an existing model such as the TEST model supplied on the ALEID2000 CD If you have an ALEID2000 model If you already have an ALEID2000 model ALEID2000 can be used directly Open the ALEID2000 group in Windows and double click the ALEID2000 icon The program starts with an empty screen and the main menu Before starting calculations a project case must first be specified This is done by clicking on Open Project command from the File menu Next the program reads the input data Now information can be requested Info and View menu or modified Edit menu and calculations can be performed Calculate menu As soon as a cal
69. llows the calculation run parameters to be set 1 e initialisation of the calculation Sa 4LEID2000 CASE1 PRO input File Edit Calculate Info View Graph Report Window Help Standard F5 R Map input file N Figure 41 Calculate option A dialog box appears with questions about the hydraulic calculation water quality calculation and the format of input and output see Figures 42 44 The values specified are then stored in the file ALCALC INI see section 4 13 The following is the description of the format of the ALCALC INI file in relation to the content of the corresponding dialog box in the program Calculation Calculation period Water guality Report None From 0 through 24 hr v C Time ho Yea 2002 Accuracy 0 01 m head Max number of iterations 40 Figure 42 Calculate screen Calculation period tab 5 32 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Calculation Calculation period Water Report Time step hr Max number of segments fi 00 Minimum age hr oo Figure 43 Calculate screen Water quality tab Calculation period Water quality Report Hydraulic solution file name CASEI HEI Binary report file name CASE1 DUT Starting time report 0 hr 7 Time selected for report fi hr Page length 55 lines Status info None Figure 44 Calculate screen Report tab KiwaN V 5 33 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa N V
70. mand 3 2 0 5 3 m h total demand 3 2 1 5 9 m h where 1 5 m h consumption where 4 5 m h consumption 1 5 m h leakage 4 5 m h leakage Thus despite the constant percentage in this way the leakage becomes demand pattern dependent i e expressed in m h lower during the minimum hour supply than the maximum hour supply This conflicts with reality where the leakage flow is predominantly pressure related i e higher at night Hence in networks with high leakage percentages this modelling approach should be applied with caution An alternative for such cases is to model leakage as a separate category with its own demand pattern Example LEAKAGE 01 3 3 leakage 02 10 7 11 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 10 Kiwa NV OPTIONS Purpose Information on other settings reguired for hydraulic calculation Format UNITS option HEADLOSS option SPECIFIC GRAVITY value V SCOSITY value Parameters option a choice from a fixed list of options value a numerical value Remarks The input in this section is required only if the values deviate from the default set tings UNITS specifies the units in which flow rates and pressures heads will be displayed see Appendix H The options are SI m hhour for flow mwc for pressure standard setting GPM gallons per minute feet of water column CFS cubic feet per second feet MGD million gallons per day feet
71. mat nr Type rows Qmin Qmax a boc or nrs Type rows Qi Hi Parameters nr Pump hydrant curve identification number Type type of the specified Q H relation QH definition by means of one or more quadratic curves definition by formula P curve definition by a number of Q H points with linear interpolation in between definition via polygonal line rows number of the following rows Qmin Qmax specifies the flow range within the Q H relation is valid for Type QH m h a b c coefficients of the formula H aQ bQ c for Type QH Qi Hi Q H set of values for point i of the Q H curve Q in mh Hin mwc Remarks A maximum of 15 rows can be occupied for the description of one curve max 15 Q H points One row should contain only one a b c or one Q H set of data The list of Q H points must show ascending values for flow rates Example PUMP CURVES 1 P 0 104 300 103 58 600 102 58 900 101 08 1200 99 15 1500 96 80 2 QOH 1 0 3100 0 0000370 0 0 333 335 KiwaN V 7 17 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 HYDRANT CURVES 1 QH 2 O 20 0 0 0 04891 1 00 20 200 003186 087669 2 45 KiwaN V 7 18 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 15 PUMPS Purpose Information about pumps and boosters Format pump suct press pumpID Parameters pump Pump name suct name of the suction node press name of the pressure node pumpID identification number of a pump characteristi
72. mps and valves are considered zero and are not influenced by this limit The default setting for the minimum travel time is set to 1 10 of the time interval specified for hydraulic calculations SEGMENTS Specifies the maximum number of segments in which a pipe can be divided during the water quality calculations The standard value is 100 The number of pipes that reach this limit can be requested in a status report by REPORT section in ALCALC INI at the beginning of calculation Example QOTIMES SEGMENTS 300 KiwaN V 7 22 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 19 OUALITY Purpose Defines the initial quality in the network nodes at the beginning of the simulation Format node quality Parameters node node name quality initial quality concentration in mg l for chemical substances hours for travel time or percentage for source tracing Remarks Each row specifies the quality for one node only The unit of water quality is dependent on the type of calculation performed When nothing is specified for a node a default setting 0 will be applied Example QUALITY node3 1 00 concentration in mg l KiwaN V 7 23 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 20 Kiwa NV REACTIONS Purpose Defines the reaction coefficients used for the water quality reaction see Appendix F section F 6 8 Format DIFFUSITY value GLOBAL BULK bulkcoeff GLOBAL WALL wallcoef
73. nt to encourage all users to let us know about their experience and potential problems with the program In the past this has always been a good indicator of the program s usability and of users wishes which were taken into grateful con sideration when further developing the program 1 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 1 1 1 2 1 3 Kiwa NV Introduction About the program ALEID2000 is a computerprogram for water distribution network calculations It can be used both for hydraulic calculations where pressures and flows are determi ned and water quality calculations where distribution of incoming volumes concen trations and residence times are considered The program runs on a PC under Windows 95 or better Technical support If you have questions about the installation or use of this program or problems in setting up a model please contact the ALEID help desk at Kiwa Research and Consultancy e mail address aleid kiwa nl Quick start Extensive information on the use of Aleid2000 is given in this manual For a quick start with the program start with Chapter 3 where the installation procedure and the first steps in using the program are explained A hands on example is given in Chapter 6 The remaining chapters go into more detail about the most important elements in establishing a new model Chapter 4 input files Chapter 4 menu options Chapter 5 The theoretical background of the calcula
74. ode this has to be a fixed head node from the TANKS section hydID identification number of a hydrant characteristics from the curves libra ry attached to the hydrant Q H relation Remarks The hydrant regime has to be specified in the CONTROLS section of the control settings file Atmospheric pressure should be used as the output pressure Elevation of the hydrant output fixed head node should be taken into account Losses at the stand pipe etc have to be included in the Q H relation of the hydrant Example HYDRANT HYDRANT Nodel Node2 6 Hydrant nr 6 7 10 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 9 Kiwa NV ILEAKAGE Purpose Information about the leakage percentages The percentage specified is recalculated by the program into the multiplier of the average demand E g for a leakage of 7 of the total delivery the factor becomes 1 075 viz 100 100 7 Format o nr Parameters nr pattern identification number 01 99 leakage as a percentage of total delivery Remarks Average demand which follows leakage pattern number 00 will remain constant during simulation default setting leakage factor 1 0 The multiplier calculated from the leakage percentage is applied to the average demand influenced by other peak factors as well Example for an average demand 3 mh and leakage of 50 factor 2 Case 1 Case 2 if peak factor 0 5 if peak factor 1 5 total de
75. on screen A file with the extension OUT selected from the file window will be opened in this case This is a binary type file thus not directly readable as a table To store the results in files with readable format choose ASCII Output from the Report menu KiwaN V 5 6 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa N V Ball ig ALEID96 File Edit Calculate Info View Graph Report Window Help sjaja e ajala a Open output file et raa TET Filename Tetor ren Files of type Output files out z Cancel JJ My Figure 8 The Open Output File dialog box The information from the output file will be shown on the map of the network This is usually a pressure situation in the network being presented in different colours for different ranges or any other parameter chosen and automatically saved during the previous screen presentation The method of graphic presentation is similar to that for input information however with more menu options being available in this case These options become accessible only after a certain OUT file is retrieved The content of a contour file will also be retrieved if such a file exists in the project The Open Output menu is accessible at any moment 5 7 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 4 3 5 4 4 Kiwa N V ALEMA mi oor Be Da Cade jh Yew pah Bapan kia Help wala w RII eI re a e 4 kiwa Manj WA Mpun ne waga Wyasnanaketan tec ia Tew OUT EEN aa
76. ons Node and Pipe Toolbars with sub options Standard and Toolbox Snapshot and Time Series both with sub options Node and Pipe KiwaN V 5 2 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Node Edit Add Remove Move Edit Input Add Remove Not all of the menu options are accessible at any specific moment This depends on the type of retrieved information and the window in use Ped SA ALEID2000 File Edit Calculate Info View Graph Report Window Help Open Project ctrl O Open Output Saye Input Ghl 5 Project summata Print Chrl P 1 D data Cursus CASE1 CA5E1 PRO Exit Figure 4 The ALEID2000 main menu 5 3 Window types More windows can be activated at the same time by using the ALEID2000 menus The window with the network layout is usually displayed along with the main menu Moreover the following windows can be opened KiwaN V 5 3 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 4 5 4 1 graph window table window viewer window DOS window for editing or calculation purposes Some menu options are accessible only through these special windows Those will be listed later File menu Open project When this option is selected the program closes all current screens and retrieved information and asks to open another project The standard Open Project File window with the list of available sub directories will be opened in this case see Figure 5 All projects see section 4 6
77. ore filenames select the Save then open option after clicking the arrow next to the Open button By default the Open option is activated Open project j Current directory D data Cursus CASE1 Project name PRO Consisting of Basic data file casel BAS Pattern file cael tt tt SSCS PAT Controls file casel STF Water quality file WOI Coordinates data casel ey Pump data c asel PHF Contour data casel LON Comment pm Cancel Figure 6 The Open Project dialog box Thus there are two possibilities The project will be retrieved without modification The retrieved information will be presented in the network window The project file will be modified saved possibly under another name and retrieved The retrieved information will be presented in the network window After being retrieved the network layout will be presented with pipe diameter and nodal ground elevation ranges shown in different colours see figure 7 The work on the model may start now by choosing some of the options from the main menu required for presentation or editing of the input data KiwaN V 5 5 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Figure 7 Presentation of the network lay out input The Open Project option is accessible at any moment Its implementation has no effect on other files except the project file s PRO 5 4 2 Open Output This option makes the results of calculation available for presentation
78. pipes name begin node end node diameter length roughness factor local loss factor presence of check valve pumps name suction node pressure node reference to the file with pump hydrant characteristics hydrants name net node outflow node reference to the file with pump hydrant characteristics valves name begin node end node diameter valve type pre set mode local loss for fully opened position Identification Arbitrary file name with extension BAS Description The basic file is divided into a number of sections each starting with a fixed header in square brackets The file is concluded with an END row An exact description of the content is given in the next section and in Chapter 7 Reference Relations between file elements Uniform identification should be used for nodes and links Being of the same nature nodes and reservoirs make one list just as pipes pumps hydrants and valves will form another group all of these elements being considered as links between the nodes Node names that appear in the list of links should already exist in the list of nodes The order of the file input described is compulsory See section 4 7 2 Relations with other files Node information the basic node information is incomplete without additional data about node locations i e X Y co ordinates and Z elevations stored in the co ordinates file The type of the roughness factor depends on the h
79. ply corresponding average demands Remarks Average demand which follows demand pattern number 00 will remain constant during simulation default setting peak factor 1 0 A row always begins with the pattern number followed by the factors Factors from the same pattern can occupy several rows if at the beginning of each the same pattern number is specified The description of the factors for a new pattern begins with the new pattern number The number of factors in a row is limited by the maximum number of characters allowed which is 200 The length of the pattern is variable for different patterns different lengths can be specified If one pattern is shorter than the specified simulation period it will be repeated from the beginning E g for a simulation duration of 25 hours and a pattern from 0 23 hours the program proceeds with the calculation of hour 24 by taking value for hour 0 and for hour 25 by taking the value of hour 1 Simulation runs are in principle done starting from 0 hours If a later time is chosen to begin from say 6 hours the program selects corresponding peak factor from available pattern s as a start value The comment after the end row of a pattern will be saved by the program Example PATTERNS O1 1 0 dra 4 5 1 5 1523 ey 1 34 1 67 8 69 1 54 1 2 12 values 03 1 0 1 0 0 1 dee Lyd 03 1 5 Lag Pas 0 0 0 7 14 ALEID2000 UK February 2000
80. pump2 OPEN IF NODE node3 ABOVE 35 LINK pump2 CLOSED IF NODE node3 BELOW 40 TANK resvl 35 AT TIME 6 fixed head of Kiwa N V 7 3 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 3 COORDINATES Purpose Defines X and Y co ordinates and node ground elevations for all nodes listed in basic configuration Format name x y zZ Parameters name node name xX y x and y co ordinate for the purpose of graphical presentation Z ground elevation for the determination of nodal pressures from the calculated heads in meters above reference level Remarks Arbitrary coordinate system and units can be adopted for the X and Y co ordinates Example COORDINATES nodel 2315 6 6000 2 5 node2 4564 3 2353 2 3 KiwaN V 7 4 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 74 CORRECTION Purpose Information about the correction factor This factor is applied to the average demand Format nie multiplier Parameters nr pattern identification number 01 99 multiplier correction factor Remarks Average demand which follows pattern number 00 will remain constant during simulation default setting correction factor 1 0 Example CORECTION 09 1 02 285 demand increase Kiwa N V 7 5 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 5 Kiwa NV DAYFACTORS Purpose Information about the day factors These factors are applied to the average demand Format nin multipliers Parameters nr pattern identification number 01 99 mul
81. re arranged directly on the map Available sub options are Edit Add and Remove After choosing any of these the mouse cursor turns into selection mode i e transforms into a vertical arrow ready for selection of a particular pipe or for node locations for a new pipe A similar effect can be obtained by right clicking directly on the selected element of the network A small selection window then appears on screen Pipe L00111 Edit Remove Figure 21 Selection screen after right clicking directly on a network element Edit Clicking on a network link in the selection mode returns the question Edit link lt link name gt where lt link name gt is the name of the chosen link By pressing OK a dialog box with current information about the link will appear This is depending on the link type Pipe Check valve Valve PRV PSV PBV TCV FCV name name name begin node name begin node hame end node name end node diameter diameter length valve characteristics wali roughness local loss factor local loss in open position Comment Comment bulk reaction coefficient bulk reaction coefficient comment comment wali reaction coefficient wali reaction coefficient comment comment Pump Hydrant name name begin node name end node number of attached pump hydrant curve 5 17 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Comment bulk reaction coefficient comment wali reaction coef
82. reduction Menu option Graph Time Series Node offers a good impression of the percentage of demand delivered Set the time at 0 00 hours on the time scale at the top of the screen Choose options Graph Time Series Node from the main menu Select the of demand supplied from the list Press OK Perform the selection by clicking on a maximum of 5 nodes include node A in this example and exit the selection mode by pressing the right mouse button The graph appears Node A shows a particularly high demand reduction at a given moment To gain more insight a graph can be made showing the nominal initial demand together with the calculated reduced demand during the entire simulation period To select a node choose the option Graph Demand from the main menu Finally a simple water quality calculation is going to be carried out as an illustration of the program features To be able to do that a water quality file extension WQI should be created The editor can be used here as well Chose Edit Editor from the main menu Type the file name of the new water quality file in the cell CASE 96 WQI 6 4 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Step 30 Step 31 Step 32 Step 33 NOTEI NOTE2 NOTE3 Step 34 KiwaN V Click OR The editor runs The file input is going to be modified for a calculation of travel times in the network Type the following rows QOPTIONS AGE Ex
83. s in the case of the basic file 4 9 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 9 4 10 Model input file 3 Status and control settings file Purpose This file contains all information about control modes that influence the model or program execution These are Pressure time or flow dependent control of components from the basic file hydraulic options such as type of head loss formula nature of pressure related demand Identification Arbitrary file name with extension STF Description The file content is divided into the following sections CONTROLS control settings PRESS DEPENDENCE pressure dependence of nodal demand OPTIONS various options Detailed information on each section type is given in Chapter 7 in alphabetical order Relations between file elements The given controls affect the model as specified The user should know and take care that the chosen control settings simulate reality properly The program does not optimise any of the control settings The data for individual nodes given under the PRESS DEPENDENCE section takes priority over the GLOBAL specified value Relations with other files Related to the basic file by attaching the control and pressure dependent demands as selected there Name of the control settings file is declared in the project file Model input file 4 Water quality options Purpose Information about water quality options in the model Identification
84. s used for the input in From through Time and Time step can be modified by clicking the arrow buttons on the right hand sides All times in this example are to be set in hours The iteration process during calculation is controlled by the input in the Accuracy and Max number of iterations cells The accuracy in this example should be set to 0 01 for flows relative accuracy and to 0 001 mwc in case of heads The maximum number of iterations is 40 in case the requested accuracy cannot be achieved Fill in the Accuracy and Max number of iterations cells The names of the output files should be indicated in the fields Hydraulic solution file name and Binary report file name together with the report options As the file extensions are fixed only the arbitrary file name should be typed in the cell In this example this is CASE 96 in both cases When the input is completed click OK The calculation will now be executed A DOS window is opened and the ALCALC program runs 6 2 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa NV Step 17 Step 18 Step 19 Step 20 Step 21 Step 22 If the calculation is completed successfully the status report the Output Summary window will appear together with the results for the initial time displayed on the map Chart for 0 00 hr with the Colour Coding setting possibly from the last session The results to be shown can be chosen by the menu option View Colour Coding
85. sed for water quality calculations When another is needed the file names should differ Example SOLUTION HYDRAULICS SAVE test hyd KiwaN V 7 29 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 24 Kiwa NV SOURCES Purpose Information about the basic concentrations at nodes that act as sources in spreading a chemical substance throughout the network Format node concen qpattern Parameters node node name concen concentration of substance entering the network qpattern identification number of the concentration variation pattern Remarks Each row specifies the quality for one node only This option can only be used for concentrations of a substance When the pattern is not defined the given concentration will not vary Example SOURCES sourcel 1 00 3 quality pattern nr 3 7 30 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 25 KiwaN V TANKS Purpose Information about fixed head nodes or reservoirs Format node ih or node ih minh maxh diam or node ih tankID Parameters node name of the reservoir node up to 7 alphanumeric characters ih initial head i e the water level above reference level used to start the calculation m minh minimum head m maxh maximum head m diam tank diameter for cylindrical tanks m tankID identification number of the volume head V H relation which describes the reservoir operation Remarks The level of the fixed
86. t from the program Any DOS editor can be used if declared in the file EDITOR PIF For further details regarding the editor installation refer to section 3 3 2 The Editor option is accessible at any moment 5 10 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 5 2 5 5 2 1 Kiwa N V Edit Input A model input created via the program menus and or by network building directly on the graph can be modified by this option One must know the origin of the infor mation that has to be modified i e from which project file the input is taken An input file e g the control settings file which was not specified in the retrieved project cannot be modified This option can be accessed only from the map window after an input project file has been retrieved For further details about the input format refer to Chapter 4 Sa ALEID2000 CASE1 PRO input File File Edit Calculate View Graph Report Window Help Editor lalalel ol x S a RN J N NG P Pipe Add Ctrl N x copy Remove 4rea Remove i Move BEE Demand Patterns N Controls Curves Hydraulic Options Water Quality Options Goncentration Patterns Contour Figure 12 The Edit Input menu By clicking on the Edit Input option a pull down menu with available options will appear Some of these options branch further see Figure 12 Edit Input Node In this menu option the network nodes can be re arranged directly on the map Available
87. tion 36 51 mah 2 92 m3h fiz m3h Zz mah 5 fb m3h Comment f NwAmst Yenno aaAaAaAaAaAaAaAaAaAEAE OK Cancel Figure 15 Edit node menu Consumption tab Edit node menu ter quailty Concentraties Comment Initial concentration 0 mg l Concentration at oo mgl source Pattern fo Tank reaction 7 per day a I coefficient Comment 1 Nw Amst Veenoord OK Cancel Figure 16 Edit node menu Water quality tab Kiwa N V 5 13 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 The following limitations exist anode name can have a maximum of 7 characters the new name should not exist amongst the other nodes reservoirs the number of demand categories attached to the node should range between 0 and 5 the pattern identification numbers should range between 0 and 99 Edit Tank menu O ox cancel Figure 17 Edit Tank menu General tab Kiwa N V 5 14 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Edit Tank menu 71 zuig kruidhaars x o Figure 18 Edit Tank menu Reservoir tab Kiwa N V 5 15 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Add After running this option the location of the new node has to be determined first By clicking in the selection mode at a specified position on the map the same dialog box appears as in the case of the Edit option see Figures 14 16 The required information should be filled in A short
88. tion models used is presented in Appendix E All users are advised to go through Chapters 3 and 6 and the sections about input layout in Chapter 4 For those who consider network calculations to be a new topic we suggest first reading the general information in Chapter 2 along with the beginning of Chapter 4 theoretical considerations and data collection 1 1 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa N V 1 2 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 2 1 2 2 2 3 Kiwa NV General description of the program Introduction ALEID2000 performs water distribution network calculations both hydraulic calculations and water guality calculations The calculations can be ezecuted to solve the whole gamut of practical problems such as design of network extensions and pumping stations network maintenance assessment of network reliability development of effective flushing programs operation of reservoirs diagnosis of water quality problems operational management regarding both water quality and pressure To perform calculations with ALEID2000 a distribution network model must first be created This model is formulated as a set of input files which together form a model project The input files can be created through menus or with the help of an editor The results of the calculations can be presented both in graphical and in tabular form Hydraulic calculations ALEID2000 performs hydraulic analyses for a given ne
89. tions CONSUMPTION TANKS and PIPES and the concluding section END The file with co ordinates should also be present see section 4 11 Detailed information on each section type is given in Chapter 7 in alphabetical order The program makes no distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters in the names of the model components Model input file 2 Demand patterns and factors library General Purpose Information about the demand categories 1 e peak factors that influence the average nodal demands specified in the basic file Identification Arbitrary file name with extension PAT Description See the next section as well as Chapter 7 4 8 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 8 2 Kiwa N V Relations between file elements The factors multiply average nodal demands see Appendix E section E 3 3 The rows are identified by a pattern number All data given in one row belongs to the same pattern A time calculation step specified in the section TIMES is valid for all 24 hour patterns and for the concentration patterns from the water quality file Relations with other files Relates to the basic file by adjusting average nodal demands with selected pattern s Name of demand pattern file is declared in the project file Set up of demand pattern file When available the information given in the demand pattern file enables simulations of the basic model by applying various demand scenarios
90. tipliers factors for a maximum of 7 days Remarks Average demand which follows demand pattern number 00 will remain constant during simulation default setting peak factor 1 0 If one pattern is shorter than the specified simulation period it will be repeated from the beginning with the factors for day 1 2 etc Example DAYFACTORS 03 Ter ee pattern for two days 7 6 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 6 END Purpose Conclusion of the basic file Format END Remarks The section END contains the header only All data or comments following the END header will be neglected Kiwa N V 7 7 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 7 Kiwa NV GENERAL Purpose Information about the simulation run parameters that do not result directly from the model input Format START begtime units STOP endtime units YEAR year TIMESTEP timestep units TRIALS value ACCURACY valuel value2 Parameters begtime start time endtime end time year specific year of supply timestep time interval between two consecutive calculations units time units default setting HOURS value 1 2 numerical value Remarks START Start of the calculation at specified time moment STOP End of the calculation at specified time moment If the values for START and STOP are equal one steady state snapshot calculation will be executed YEAR The year for which the modelled supply conditions are valid TIME
91. ttings will be displayed in the dialog box if not previously changed Related files Modification of the settings is temporary it is registered only in computer memory as long as the program is active If you prefer to make it permanent i e registered also in the input files select the menu option File Save Input see section 5 4 3 This KiwaN V 5 28 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 5 3 1 action will affect the content of the control settings file STF sections OPTIONS and PRES S DEP Edit Input Water Quality Options The type of water quality calculation is displayed by this option The remaining menu options regarding water quality are dependent on the choice here Water quality options Comment ri Water quality calculation None Concentration Trace Average age Figure 38 Water quality options menu By selecting Concentration a new dialog box appears with the general data for the concentration calculation These are The name of the chemical substance An arbitrary name can be given instead of the initial name Chemical e g Chlorine The global bulk reaction coefficient Default setting 0 per day The global wall reaction coefficient Default setting 0 m day The diffusion coefficient Default setting 1 21 10 m day which is diffusion at T 20 C The maximum concentration This is the value specified in the input section R
92. two demand categories 30 1 2 0 0 0 10 2 1 1 1 1 7 1 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 2 CONTROLS Purpose Description of time or status dependent changes in the calculated network Most commonly this is related to the operation of pumps and valves Format LINK pipe setting AT TIME tvalue units LINK pipe setting IF NODE cnode BELOW clevel LINK pipe setting IF NODE cnode ABOVE clevel LINK pipe setting F LINK cpipe BELOW cflow LINK pipe setting F LINK cpipe ABOVE cflow TANK node setting AT TIME tvalue units Parameters pipe pipe name node node name of a fixed head node or a reservoir setting modified setting This can be a pump status OPEN or CLOSED a pump speed relative related to the speed used for the definition of the pump characteristics a valve setting pressure flow or head loss or OPEN or CLOSED apipe shutter status OPEN or CLOSED a value of the fixed head in mwc by the TANK control tvalue time moment in which control changes units optional units for the selected time step SEC seconds MIN minutes HOURS default setting DAY days cnode name of the control node cpipe name of the control pipe clevel critical level at which control changes head in mwc cflow critical flow rate for which control changes in flow units Remarks KiwaN V One control setting occupies one row only in th
93. twork model primarily the calculation of heads and flows in the network for specified time steps Based on this also derived parameters such as pressure and pressure gradients flow velocities or pumping capacities are determined The program calculates a number of steady states in a network one at a particular moment static or snapshot or several within a certain period at time steps defined by the user quasi dynamic simulation A coherent input model based on the water balance of the area is essential for correct hydraulic calculations The theoretical background of the hydraulic calculations is comprehensively discussed in detail in the first part of Appendix E Water quality calculations Water quality calculations in ALEID2000 are based on hydraulic information com bined in some cases with a reaction model The source of calculation principles here is EPANET network calculation software developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency The program determines the following water quality parameters 2 1 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 2 4 Kiwa N V average travel times in the network contribution from a supply point this is represented as a percentage of the total delivery ata certain point in the network distribution of conservative substances these are substances that do not react during transport such as a concentration of salt distribution of non conservative s
94. ubstances a reaction model is required for these calculations In this case the hydraulic model has to be extended with additional information required for the reaction model The program already contains models for chlorine and trihalomethane Others may be incorporated upon specific request Calculation of other water quality parameters is based on the hydraulic situation A detailed description of the water quality algorithm is given in Appendix E section E 8 Data input To calculate useful output a correct input model is required Such a model describes the network pipes valves supply and demand based on the water balance and network configuration in the selected area The network is then schematised into a system of nodes and links lines Possible node types are demand node various demand patterns can be linked with these each reflecting the demand during a specific period node without demand fixed head node reservoir Possible links are ordinary pipe check valve pressure reducing and pressure sustaining valves flow control valve throttle control valve Pump hydrant gate valve The status of the links open closed can be changed through an operation regime that is related to certain control times pressures or flows Appendix E section E 5 explains the principles of operation of the various system elements The model building procedure and the layout of the accompany
95. ut File Edit Calculate Info View Graph Report Window Help S Ba All Nodes amp Pipes F Nodes F Pees ro Summarize Demand Contour Save Macro Read Macro Figure 52 Contour selection options See paragraphes 4 14 and 5 7 5 for details on contour files Kiwa N V 5 40 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 7 6 5 7 7 5 8 5 8 1 Kiwa NV Save macro This command saves the current screen settings in a macro file These are parameter colour settings written information legend settings aspect ratio screen proportion zoonrins The settings related to the model input information will be stored in an input macro MCI whereas the settings related to the model output information will be stored in an output macro MCO Both types of macros can be applied only for their corresponding input output screens Read macro This calls a macro file MCI or MCO with previously saved screen settings colours text zoom ins etc Main menu option View Zoom in By this command a part of the network will be displayed at a larger scale Selection of the rectangular area is done by dragging the mouse from lower left to upper right corner After the mouse button is released the selected box will be shown over the entire screen NOTE This option works with a mouse only 5 41 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Aah ern wedana a Banj Aa ED Sy A maan word awi dy ssd M
96. ve reaction coefficient the growth will become proportional to the difference between the limiting potential and the present concentration For example this can be used to simulate the growth of THMs trihalomethanes The use of a LIMITING POTENTIAL value with a negative reaction coefficient has no meaning When a decrease in the reaction has to be modelled a negative number must be used for the coefficients For the modelled reactions see Appendix section F section F 8 2 and further A first order reaction is modelled thus the dependence between the reaction speed and the concentration is linear 7 24 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 Kiwa NV Example GLOBAL BULK i GLOBAL WALL BULK pipe3 BULK piped E WALL pipe3 Sa TANK storagel LIMITING POTENT AL 10 mg 1 7 25 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 7 21 Kiwa NV IRELATIVE GROWTH Purpose Information related to demand forecasting The annual growth factors are applied to the original demand A linear increase model is assumed here See also the ezample in Appendix F section F 3 3 Format nr year year year year year nr Parameters nr pattern identification number 01 99 year each year indicates the beginning of the following prognosis period growth percentage for corresponding prognosis period Remarks Average demand which follows pattern number 00 will remain constant during simulation def
97. ve status messages the file content should be saved under another name 5 10 3 Snapshot In this option a table with calculation results for the entire network all nodes or links ata specified moment currently shown in the map will be displayed The network parameters are given in columns while the nodes and links are given in table rows wel xe S Demand Cat 1 Demand Cat 2 Demand Cat 3 Demand Cat 4 Demand Cat 5 Demand Entered Calculated Cons m3 h m3 h m3 h m3 h m3 h m3 h m3 h 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 KRDHRS 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 16 00 80 60 0 00 0 00 0 00 96 60 96 60 100 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 42 13 123 77 315 0 00 0 00 1693 05 169 05 100 00 7 34 2 02 797 0 00 0 00 17 34 17 34 100 00 4 62 1 98 0 83 0 00 0 00 7 44 7 44 100 00 DAE KA 20n 2225 1an nan nnn QA RA aA RA aan NA Figure 71 Presentation of all node data at time 0 00 hours The time can be set directly with the slider at the top of the screen or by double clicking on the time window next to it ST 4LEID2000 CASE1 0UT Output File Edit Calculate Info wiew Graph Report Window
98. ves library PHF section 4 12 contour file CON section 4 14 With the exception of XY and PHF files it is allowed to have more than one file of each type in the same project directory more files of the same type distinguish possible alternatives in the network analysis To be able to run a project at least one basic and a co ordinates file should be present The remaining file types are optional depending on the nature of the model Thus unlike other files the project file may have some empty rows reserved for the file names This will be interpreted by the program as File type not present Except for this purpose no other empty rows should exist in the file Rows or their parts starting with a semi colon will be skipped during the file reading procedure Relations between file elements The order of the file input described is compulsory Relations with other files The project file contains the file names of the input files The project file together with all the files it indicates should be placed in one project directory 4 6 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 4 7 4 7 1 Kiwa NV Model input file 1 Basic file General Purpose Description of the network layout and the main characteristics of its elements These are nodes name average demand demand category reservoirs name initial minimum en maximum head reservoir diameter or the reference to volume depth relation
99. x Options Figure 60 Toolbars setting box KiwaN V 5 46 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 8 9 Kiwa NV Options This option allows modification of standard presentation parameters Node presentation i e the circle size Available choices None Small Large Link presentation i e the line thickness Available choices Thin Thick Extra thick for larger screens Background colour Available choices Black White Grey Highlight node selection Available choices Square Point Global Available settings Aspect ratio default setting 1 0 This is a parameter that stretches if gt 1 or compresses if lt 1 the graph along the horizontal axis Symbols tanks valves etc on or off 5 47 ALEID2000 UK February 2000 5 9 5 9 1 Kiwa N V Map options ji Nodes Pipes Size Style C None Extra thin te Small tf Thin Large Thick Dynamic line width m Highlight 5 r Background f Point Black Block C Grey te White Aspect Ratio ooo IV Valves A Show Symbols Cancel Figure 61 Map options setting window Main menu option Graph Time Series Node Under this option the progression of a certain nodal parameter throughout a specified period can be displayed see Figure 60 A maximum of five curves nodes can be shown in one diagram The node selection can

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