HYDROTOOLS USER MANUAL v1_0
Contents
1. CAUTION The selected record and all linked records will be deleted Are you sure to delete it Dialog box for confirming the deletion of a crop stage from database 2 4 2 Nutritive recipe management This dialog allows to add and edit the reference nutritive formulas Each combination crop nutrient stage has a reference formula The database stores some default nutritive formulas The nutritive formulas entered by the user in previous sessions are displayed in the table at the bottom of the screen 20 HLT RRC A ee AT Cropyauage selection Tomnta j tink 2 Hiscaond hA Generic crop vulnerable to the salinity EXE LE a ararte cron ei vae ida Ge sb rim Yen 15 E o4 3 6 J Wow 10 1 Generic crop Telerant to the salinity Single L995 14 1 pao at og ange T5E HX esia e Um me war 5 g l midi noie Crop EE ON e o o BL Me Dialog box for inserting a new crop recipe 2 4 2 1 Entry of a new nutritive formula 1 Choose acrop stage combination 2 Choose a formula in the default list to match the selected combination crop stage or go to step 3 3 Enter the concentrations of the various ions 15 ions present in the new formula The values can be inserted as millimoles L micromoles L for the microelements Fe B Cu Zn Min Mo 4 After entering the Save button is enabled to save the information Then it is possible to enter a new formula by pressing the button to empty the dialog2. The system will automatically check that the values entered as concentrations are numbers otherwise an error appears as a red icon 9 the chemical electroneutrality is satisfied press the button to run the test if it is satisfied the corresponding cell is green otherwise it may be red if the sum of anions is greater than the sum of the cations more than 1 mEq L or orange if the sum of cations is greater than the sum of anions more than 1 mEq L the EC value of the nutritive formula is calculated by using the equation proposed by Sonneveld in which the EC dS m sum of cations milliequivalents L 0095 0 19 Note it is not possible to delete a nutritive formula in this dialog Nutritive formulas can be deleted by deleting a crop stage combination in the respective dialog 21 2 4 3 Ion concentration threshold management This dialog allows to add and edit information related to the maximum and minimum ion concentrations tolerated by the crop in the root zone t II ECA ps MIN RII Wa ina TG idia lhi ihih A 1 pw a ideale OOOO NU praia thea halle H mals i EEE 1 M AU evel eri Deroma sinaki te o mii Shale Ws 2 37 534 3 n frenetic crop Tolerant ta the zalinity C Woga 1 2 2 8 4 4d i 15 2 42 1 20 131 Rep Shighe i4 d ZI 58 5 F 10 5 10 306 p a ie 10 LJ Tomate Singe 3 1 2 06 2 45 10 45 30 B 3 Je 20 13 Garbera fnge 14 2 02 6 4 ima 5 15 56 40 12 amp 10 12 Cucum
3. permmuber selection Enabledpisablad Flag Clo rial o l o Simulhydro dialog box for setting the parameters required to discharge recirculating nutrient solution 37 4 2 8 Dialog 8 ETE effective evapotranspiration file upload This dialog allows to import the file with the daily ETE The file must be saved as xls xlsx or ods and must contain two columns one titled Date with incremental simulation days and the second entitled Ete with ETE L m 1 Choose the desired file 2 Press the next button Q to continue 06 05 2006 0 52633 07 05 2006 0 63864 08 05 2006 0 71027 09 05 2006 0 75484 10 05 2006 0 56726 11 05 2006 0 84847 12 05 2006 1 49835 13 05 2006 1 60793 14 05 2006 0 97658 15 05 2006 1 64818 16 05 2006 1 86753 17 05 2006 0 91912 18 05 2006 1 90378 an Inar lannr a AAAS Oo oO NOUBA WN P PIERII UJ N HE P A 1 Simulhydro dialog box for loading crop evapotranspiration file 4 2 9 Dialog 9 Summary of input parameters and simulation start This dialog resumes all the parameters set for the simulation 1 After verifying the correctness of the parameters enter an identification code in the yellow cell on the top of the screen and press the confirmation button Ld 2 Run the simulation with the corresponding button 6 3 Wait for data processing and check simulation data in the Report in the main mask of HYDROTOOLS 38 abest bab ee pect o Ew In
4. information Then it is possible to enter a new value by pressing the button to empty the dialog The system will automatically check that e the values entered as concentrations are numbers otherwise an error appears as a red icon 2 e the chemical electroneutrality is satisfied press the button to run the test if it is satisfied the corresponding cell is green otherwise it may be red if the sum of anions is greater than the sum of the cations more than 1 mEq L or orange if the sum of cations is greater than the sum of anions e the EC value of the nutritive formula is calculated by using the equation proposed by Sonneveld in which the EC dS m sum of cations milliequivalents L 0 095 0 19 Note it is not possible to delete combinations of uptake concentration values in this form Uptake concentration values can be deleted by deleting a crop stage combination in the respective form 23 3 SOLNUTRI The program allows to calculate the amount of salts that must be utilized to prepare the stock nutrient solution on the basis of a irrigation water analysis b available salts and acids c desired nutritive recipe At the end of the calculation the result can be saved as a pdf file or printed out Fertiliser database i I I I I v cha nge A dilution Calculation M ratio E E a Mo NS Report gt V print 7 Conceptual framework of SOLNUTRI 3 1 Wizard o
5. into the following families of compounds 1 Acids 2 Water soluble products 3 Ammonium salts 4 Calcium salts 5 Phosphorus salts 6 Magnesium salts 7 Potassium salts 8 Iron salts 9 Sodium salts 10 Microelements 13 Default fertilizers and acids contained in Hydrotools database Ammonium nitrate Ammonium sulphate Monoammonium phosphate Calcium nitrate technical grade Calcium nitrate reagent grade Calcium chloride Monopotassium phosphate I Magnesium M ox Potassium nitrate sulphate Potassium Potassium nitrate sulphate Iron chelate EDTA Iron chelate EDDHA Potassium chloride Iron chelate DPTA Sodium chloride Microelements Boric acid Sodium borate Copper sulphate Copper chelate EDTA Zinc sulphate Zinc chelate EDTA Manganese sulphate Manganese chelate Ammonium molybdate Sodium molybdate 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 Entry of a new product Select the chemical category Select a chemical product Enter a name for the new product Enter the percentage values of various elements for the salts or the density and concentration of acids After entering the Save button is enabled to save the information Then it is possible to enter more products by the button used to empty the dialog The system will automatically check if the values entered as concentrations are numbers otherwise an error
6. pw o Exil SOLNM LN Prep Moment am aree penpan Muesienfamda Calcxdatn Ese ess DST TE eS EIE li J e j em 7 TB LM pn IN Je lam E se Ji JE n ie n HURTS LEE jez Ss o Im for Jp Jh dia 1 B po jprm ia z ie bs H LEJ d L SSS aS JE NE EN ma C water c e iai ET l 15 0409 ar molde corps i larem lend 2h 71 17 57 mu i iw Soin relate Ms mal cack riri ay U j mij Caicum reram eaa rha i Cake cherch ud Md mpl UU SOLNUTRI calculation dialog box Continue with the confirmation button w An alert box will be displayed that asks whether to use an acid other than nitric and phosphoric acid to acidify the water used for substrate washing or during nutrient depletion see section a little theory in the help file of SIMULHYDRO in semi closed systems These settings are particularly important for simulations with the program SIMULHYDRO Choosing a different acidification for the water the program will open the Dialog 5 alternative acid that can be filled in as shown for the Dialog 4 otherwise it goes to the next form 27 Dialog box for the calculation of an alternative acid to the bicarbonate neutralization 3 1 5 Dialog 5 precipitation test 1 If the test is positive salt precipitation might occur this problem can be solved out by modifying fertilizer products or lowering the concentration of th
7. respective dialog 22 2 4 4 Management of crop uptake concentrations This dialog allows to add or modify the nutrient uptake concentration values of the crop for the different ions A table in the bottom part of the dialog box displays information saved by the user in previous sessions Gop fieinge seluction Gonnie crop vulenrnblio to ters Fiocco lin MM Crop Srape NO HH PO K Ca He Ha c Fe Cu Zn Mn Mo aj J Generic crap vulnerable to the salinity Supe ni L LEE gi Generic crow Dora count ta salinity Siigh 16 oo of yy 235 am O75 f 15 20 ars 4 T5 as Generic crop Telerant to the salinity Anga ri i 1 65 25 1 B18 175 DB i5 20 075 5 10 05 Rene Siglo 5 Qs 0H 4 z BS O05 OS ogs 15 15 05 3 5 on Tomais m 1575 1 125 68 275 l 618 L5 iB 18 20 075 4 10 Os aha i Ai ee ee 25 20 05 3 5 40Rn S urctremnutrnhity lest a amp ajno Q x Crop Stage HO NH FO HK Ca Mg Ha Sh C Fe H Cu zn Mm Me Dialog box for modifying nutrient uptake ion concentration 2 4 4 1 Enter a new value of nutrient uptake concentration 1 Choose a combination crop stage 2 Choose uptake concentration values in the default list to match the selected combination crop stage or go to step 3 3 Enter the uptake concentrations for the various ions as desired The values can be inserted as millimoles L micromoles L for the microelements Fe B Cu Zn Mn Mo 4 After entering the Save button is enabled to save the
8. the limit concentrations of various ions considered by the law 3 After entering the Save button is enabled to save the information Then it is possible to enter new law by pressing the button to empty the dialog 2 3 2 Deletion of a law The dialog to delete a law is displayed by pressing the corresponding button EA Warning With the deletion of an irrigation water will be deleted all the records where the product was been used for the calculation Deletions can not be restored Selection flag Name EC HCOs NO NH PO K Ca Mg Na qm Bom mm NNNCNNEE wo20697 02489 016 ois 0 o 001 02 004 043 009 02 197 0 2111 0 36 o w200696 158935 775 043 0 o 0 02 334 136 531 194 319 072 0 046 127 92 072 0 046 127 D L test 15295 37 0 9 0 0 15 08 95 0 6 Confirm delete Dialog box for deleting a law from database 18 1 Select a record with a click of the mouse a selected record will appear in red 2 Delete the record with the button Delete Pressing the confirmation button the system will warn again that the cancellation is final 2 4 Crop parameter management 2 4 1 Crop and stage management This dialog allows to enter and delete various combinations between crops and phenological stages Each culture may have one or more reference growth stages In the first case we say single stage Ciny rop ibid crop sighs Goad dip nano wen Thrgle Caracis crop Sa teclari
9. 5013 li i oT mr narma 1 11 07 2012 Medolasda DEEG mr maria 10 a Et PS S004 11 I 58 texiis02123 C 12 07 2012 Mostalanda Lie a pest 1 50 G P Ba 16 085 0 13 li E 54 EC variabile 17 0r 2012 boed laisda CCEV EC variabile z E4 16 05 002 ILS E Lon art a CCEV 17 07 2012 Moedolansda CUCEV ara A x E4 E 2032 11h i 6t EXC var depli 1700772014 HMedalaisda CCEV EC var adeplari rj Ei 16 05 50 2 13 25 i 2 ecvardepl 2 17 07 2012 Medelanda CCEV rdeplz 2 H 86 05 2012 1125 E d i eo CCEC ios 4012 Pilar COEG e i z E Eh 05 R082 era S idcebed simualoBpa i o SIMULHYDRO selection of a simulation for creating a graph report 6 1 Viewing and printing data 1 Select a record in the main dialog and press the Create button si 2 In the next dialog select the parameter of interest and press the proper button at the bottom of the screen to save the graph as a pdf or png file 7 430 13 45 19 22 25 328 31 34 FTF 40 43 48 49 52 55 SS Gi Gt Gt 70 73 76 79 amp Day of simulation Simulhydro example of graph report 41
10. ART CONTROL PANEL CLOCK LANGUAGE AND REGION or REGIONAL AND LANGUAGE OPTIONS gt Change the date time or number format HYDROTOOLS DSS Home page of HYDROTOOLS DSS 6 USER MANUAL 1 Control panel of HYDROTOOLS This dialog box see figure above represents the main control panel of the DSS and allows access to the two main tools available for the management of fertigation SOLNUTRI and SIMULHYDRO For the correct operation of the two programs the user must set some parameters in the section Utility which is located in the upper left in the dialog HYDROTOOLS DSS In particular in this section the user can access to the sub sections for setting language parameters and populate the database the latter already contains general information for different crops while other crop parameters can be added by the user Once you have set the Utilities you can go to the Tools section a SOLNUTRI is a program that allows to calculate the quantities of salts and acids that have to be dissolved in the irrigation water for the preparation of stock solutions for major details see the example and the help file of the specific program b SIMULHYDRO is a program that allows to simulate growth water uptake ionic composition and mineral absorption in the root zone of an open closed and semi closed soilless system for more details see the example file and the help of specific program To become familiar with the DSS and better un
11. ER MANAGEMENT Water identity Name Elements coecentrateon easue unit diyim m moles micrmmoleas 15246 s Jp je B jb chs ies ips jee jpa lee js JB jia je i S x ee WEE S 77 paa 0 s n 223 1 sy t ien tEMS 3 t 0 1 15 te 55 oe 52 1n 0 tak Hu Main dialog 2 1 1 Entry ofa new irrigation water 1 Enter a name for the new water 2 Enter the concentrations of the various ions present in the irrigation water The values can be inserted as millimoles L micromoles L for the microelements Fe B Cu Zn Mn Mo or ppm select the appropriate unit from the drop down list 3 After entering all data run the test for the chemical electroneutrality afterward the Save button 4 will be enabled to save the information Then it is possible to enter new records by pressing the button to empty the dialog The system will automatically check that e the values entered as concentrations are numbers otherwise an error appears as a red icon 9 e the chemical electroneutrality is satisfied press the button to run the test if it is satisfied the corresponding cell is green otherwise it may be red if the sum of anions is greater than the sum of the cations more than 1 mEq L or orange if the sum of cations is greater than the sum of anions more than 1 mEq L e the EC value of the nutritive formula is calculated by using the equation proposed by Sonneveld in which the EC dS m sum of cations mill
12. HYDROTOOLS DSS USER MANUAL AND QUICK START GUIDE Authors Maurizio Romanit Laura Bacci Piero Battista Carlo Bibbiani Giulia Carmassi Luca Incrocci Rita Maggini Daniele Massa Alberto Pardossi ibimet IBIMET National Research Council Florence Italy i Department of Biologia delle Piante Agrarie University of Pisa Italy Department of Produzioni Animali University of Pisa Italy Version 1 0 Date 08 30 2011 Last revision 28 03 2013 mu 3 i I qc a E F i t a UNIVERSITA DI PISA 1 Software co funded by EU research project EUPHOROS Ffficient Use of inputs in Protected HORticulture contract number 211457 KBBE 2007 1 2 04 Copyright 2011 2013 Disclaimer This software is available free of charge No commercial use reproduction or distribution is permitted The developer is not responsible for any kind of damages caused by the use of the software The entire risk regarding uses outputs analyses results and performance of the software is assumed by the user The user raises the developer from any liability expressed or implied arising out of the application itself SUMMARY iE O13 Fe STR CIEI DIET 5 Ll WhatisHydrOtoOlSt avc utei ene Enc rtec s Que it n vates in ursus com Det en ad ce Dod eases 5 L1 dBstalldtlopocseenedceet aicut reae ay saguneatcse chu isuaae tence annu Dasedm Edbdt mte i nn Ere E 6 T Control panel ot HYDROTOOLES 5 uicit bvto ete o E
13. ND FERTILIZERS Category Product Concentration Density Price L 9 Acids Nitric acid 64 7 Acids Phosphoric acid 85 Acids Sulphuric acid 96 Acids Hydrochloric acid 36 5 Acids Citric Acid 99 9 Dialog box for editing the product price 1 Enter the new price in the yellow cells using the format corresponding to the selected Language 2 After entering you can press the button Update 2 2 3 Deletion of a fertilizer The dialog to delete a product is displayed by pressing the corresponding button IER With the deletion of a product will be deleted all the records where the product was been used for the calculation Deletions can not be restored Sale CIA ONEK Catagory Prodat Canoa Danay Made ASD Renda Met acai LONG NIE eda Bes Bint data Pi Lard DOSDR CL MET Adds Nitro2 30 wu Confirm delete Dialog box for deleting a product from fertilizer database 1 Select a product with a click of the mouse 2 Delete the product with the button Delete Pressing the confirmation button the system will warn that the cancellation is final 17 2 3 Environmental constraint management This dialog allows to add modify or delete information concerning any environmental constraint present in the cultivation area i e the maximum concentration of ions allowed in the drainage water Environmental constraint dialog box 2 3 1 Entry of new law 1 Enter a name description for the law or regulation in place 2 Enter
14. al Iag Fina dkighk Wolo Tha Temi Phara incl Ef dn M CRTINTR iagh Vicar Tighe Tanpa GEN fax his fima Tapes AFTI hf i TO e x Dialog box for modifying the crop database 2 4 1 1 Entry of a new combination 1 Choose whether to add a new crop phenological stage or combination of both Attention if you are adding only a new crop or stage choose the option Add a crop or Add a stage respectively but not Add a pair crop stage As an alternative it is possible to combine a pair crop stage from existing data using the option Pair of crop stage 2 Enter a name 3 After entering the Save button is enabled to save the information After saving it is possible to insert a new combination by pressing the button to empty the dialog 2 4 1 2 Deletion of a combination The dialog for deleting any records is displayed by pressing the corresponding button IER 19 Warning With the delerion of a CROP and or a STAGE will ln deleted all the recorilz where rhese were boon neml fer thie cobrulation refuerza aaen intuition perches uptake courentrations sm vll bo daiat Delati cdd wet he rmmbes read Sethe cl ifa daran ks i a Records that will be deleted 2 Dialog box for deleting a crop stage from Hydrotools database 1 Select a crop or stage 2 Delete the record with the button Delete Pressing the confirmation button the system will warn that the cancellation is final
15. am not to work properly To restore the functionality of the software the user must replace the db directory in the Hydrotools directory tree with its backup Thus it is recommended to make a backup of db directory on regular time basis Backup and restore of the db directory must be done when Hydrotools is not running 1 2 Installation To operate the Hydrotools software the user needs e APCrunning Windows XP SP3 Windows Vista Windows 7 SP1 e 1GB of RAM and 750 MB of available hard disk space e Acrobat Reader for reading the documentation free download from www adobe com Hydrotools software can be downloaded from http www wageningenur nl en Research Results Projects and programmes Euphoros 1 Calculation tools htm After download the user must run the setup file DSS Start exe which will locate Hydrotools in the Documents directory The user is recommended to accept the default Documents directory The software may not work properly if installed into a new directory Freeware versions of the Framework dotNet 4 and the Visual Studio 8 software will be downloaded and installed automatically following user s permission if they are not available on the PC Therefore an active Internet connection is necessary during software installation When Hydrotools is launched the user must check the Language utility box and if needed select the same number format settings as in the Windows control panel to check it press ST
16. appears as a red icon 9 7 TE 0 020 T Em OF CHO 6 00 BP hl T i SS SE EEE SSS SSS Dialog box to insert a new acid or fertilizer in the Hydrotools database Suggestions If you do not choose any chemical category and product the system does not enable the buttons to update or delete products and the cells for input data The latter will have a different appearance depending on the type of compound It is possible to enter new products by clicking any of the already existing products in the database and then updating it For default products you can only update the price using the Edit button For acids when the concentration value is entered the system calculates automatically the density and the concentration of the element the figure shows an example for nitric acid Since there is a close correspondence between acid concentration and density the calculated value should not deviate much from the real one however the user can enter a different value i e the value reported on the label of the commercial product and the system will alert if the value deviates too much from the calculated done 15 kg L Dialog box for inserting a new acid in the fertilizer database 16 2 2 2 Product price change The following dialog appears after pressing the Edit button W that will be enabled only after the selection of the desired chemical category from the corresponding drop down list ACIDS A
17. ber Sige 320 2 2 16 2 4 10 40 30 80 5 30 20 143 Dell pepper i ios 2 45 45 380 0 3 mill iene Maxw ceci ee Jd ee O op oe rr E o Je Jg 1gps es 3p ges jp Qje Js je os E o e x Dialog box for managing the threshold of reference ion concentration 2 4 3 1 Entry of a new threshold values 1 Choose a combination crop stage 2 Enable the list for the maximum threshold values in the irrigation water through the apposite button 3 Choose the default values from the list or change them as desired 4 Repeat the above procedure for minimum and maximum thresholds in the nutrient solution 5 After entering the Save button 4 is enabled to save the information Then it is possible to enter a new formula by pressing the button to empty the dialog Suggestions The maximum threshold concentrations in the irrigation water are referred to the sensitivity of the plant to a particular ion This information is important for the preparation of the nutrient solution and fertigation management The minimum and maximum thresholds of the nutrient solution represent the range of oscillation to which the root zone can be subjected This information is used to decide the time for nutrient solution discharge in semi closed loop systems Note it is not possible to delete combinations of threshold values in this dialog Combinations of threshold values can be deleted by deleting a crop stage combination in the
18. combination results in the Crop parameters deletion of all parameters associated with it threshold values nutritive recipes and nutrient uptake concentrations his dialog is used to define the nutritive recipes or the preparation of the nutrient stock solutions with the tool SOLNUTRI The dialog allows v Viewing the nutritive recipes already present in Database management Nutritive recipes the database Y Entering new nutritive recipes his dialog is used for entering Y Maximum thresholds for water ionic concentration values at which the irrigation water may cause cultivation problems Y Minimum thresholds for the nutrient solution NS minimum ionic concentration values allowed in the recirculating NS Ion concentration Maximum thresholds for the nutrient solution NS maximum ionic concentration values that hresholds must not be exceeded in the recirculating NS when this value is reached a total or partial discharge of the exhausted NS is necessary e he dialog allows v Viewing the thresholds already present in the database Y Entering new values hisdialog is used to define nutrient uptake concentrations of the crop which is the rate of nutrient uptake expressed as millimoles of ions Uptake absorbed per L of water absorbed in the same concentrations ime The dialog allows v Viewing the values already present in the database Y Entering new values he program allows to calculate the amount of sa
19. crop parameters 4 2 5 Dialog 5 cultivation system parameter selection This dialog allows to define the characteristics of the cultivation system 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Enter the amount of water retained by the substrate this data depends on the specific characteristics of the substrate used Insert the uniformity coefficient this coefficient represents the degree of uniformity with which the nutrient solution is distributed in the substrate during irrigation events It varies depending on the type and degree of use of the substrate the longer the time of use the lower the value of the coefficient Enter the volume of the tank used to collect the cumulative drainage see the section a little theory Enter the volume of the tank used to collect the daily drainage see the section a little theory Enter the surface area of the crop Select the environmental constraints in case there are specific laws on the management of drainage water see the section a little theory These parameters must have been previously entered in the database of HYDROTOOLS gt Utility Database management gt Environmental constraints Enter the maximum water availability this parameter represents the total water volume available for the crop If the water is potentially unlimited enter a very big number Press the next button D to continue 35 Meza jt Heb Sepo D Siuh dnia selnchium Simulhydro d
20. derstand its features it is advisable to see the examples given in the help file of both the programs SOLNUTRI and SIMULHYDRO Finally in the main control panel is reported a Report section that displays the data simulated with the programs SIMULHYDRO HYDROTGOLS DSS e fir K JAM EX CJ M A k AN L2 A S t PN Zu Spee A A BVEA Database management E ft FAC ti AAA A S 0S PAM i Xu User quide SIMULHYDRO A a ZU 2 AO A ig k ww Ji 0 lt A Qu 40A AAO v 0 0 ONG 50 6 s Home page of Hydrotools 7 1 1 Data entry and view The data present in the DSS are displayed in the various dialogs in four different types of cells that correspond to four different colors as summarized in the following table To move from cell to cell yellow cells only while entering data you can use TAB ENTER or the mouse Cell type Description Blue cell Default data these data cannot be modified or deleted l Data entered and saved by the user in previous sessions White cell l l this data can be deleted if necessary Data calculated by the system these data cannot be Grey cell modified Data for new entries the yellow cells are the only cells in which the user can write new data 1 2 Backup and restore system At end of each work session or on regular time base it is suggested to make a copy of the file hydrotools db located in the di
21. e stock solution by the Modify the stock solution concentration button 2 Ifthe test is negative you can see the final report using the corresponding button F About Help Fri iho propsed Ee o SALUTE Prefect Mencer disse maim Mute EKNO A01103 a Potassium chloride Kl 7455 355 Calcium mirate reagent grade Ca NO 1640087 1440 Calcium chloride Calls 1106 84 813 Calcinun dihydrogen pliospltate RIA i monohydrate aon aaa EN Cacia sulfate ary 43614 205 Pm monium mirate HH HOS BID 2138 Edi reper Flam Calcham nitrate reagent grade Cal N32 qued on Calcium ehleride 110 984 Calcham dihydrogen phosphate mo Ca Hz PO HzO 252068 20 Calcium sulfate Ca 361041 285 Potassium nitrate EN 01 205 Sk Monepotacduss phosphate KH Poy A36065 250 Potassium sulfate E250 ATA RE Pobre chloride EI 74551 355 Potassium tetraborate ocahlydrate Kolhe SHO JAAA Les Potassium Melvlielate KsMoty 23814 1830 Ammenlum rdtrate KH NOS BEDI 21300 Morsoasnenle phosphate NH HsPO 315026 A Awa manham sulfate H Hash dar Gee Ammonium chloride wi 53492 395 Ammonium tetraborate tetrahydra WH 2ByOy aly BREST 763 a Save Report of the salt precipitation test 3 1 6 Dialog 6 report 1 Use the buttons at the bottom of the screen to print out the summary table or save it as a pdf file The project can also be saved in the database using the tools menu on the top of t
22. eplenishment of the nutrient solution can be accomplished by following two main criteria as described below 1 The nutrient solution lost by evapotranspiration is replaced by nutrient solution in which fertilizers are added as a function of a preset EC value in these systems the accumulation of ions scarcely absorbed by the crop corresponds to a parallel decrease in the concentration of those ions that are largely absorbed until they reach a minimum threshold then the exhausted nutrient solution is flushed out flushing 2 The nutrient solution lost by evapotranspiration is replaced with fresh nutrient solution this method is applied in the case of both open and closed systems If some ions are present at higher concentrations than crop uptake concentrations the system accumulates 31 ions In closed cycles such accumulation causes an increase in the EC that will rise up to a maximum threshold depending by the crop then the exhausted nutrient solution is flushed out flushing In presence of environmental constraints that regards the presence of polluting ions in the drainage water the crop can be used for phytodepuration nutrient depletion in this case before flushing the nutrient solution lost by evapotranspiration is replaced with only raw water acidified with acids different from nitric or phosphoric acid until the pollutants nitrates phosphates etc reach the limit imposed by the law Finally the exhausted nutrient so
23. f calculation The calculation is done through a wizard procedure that guides the user to the final result 3 1 1 Dialog 1 project management 1 Choose whether to create a new project or open a project saved in previous sessions 2 If you choose a new project give a name to the project 3 Choose a combination crop stage set previously in the database of HYDROTOOLS Utility Database management gt Crop parameters Crop stage 4 Continue with the confirmation button w 24 hase Daep Capt eal LE a c Acie f Single ad Dialog box to start a new SOLNUTRI project 3 1 2 Dialog 2 irrigation water 1 Chose from the drop down list the record corresponding to the water to be used for irrigation the ion composition of the water must have been previously entered into the database of HYDROTOOLS Utility Database Management Irrigation water lonic composition w010697 v Us Pea k jee ia i esn o dS m millimoles t micromoles L Irrigation Water Quality Test v Dialog box to select a water source from the database 2 Ifthe irrigation water contains a given element at a concentration considered too high for the crop a warning message appears as reported in the following picture The maximum concentrations of a given element must have been previously set in the database of HYDROTOOLS gt Utility Database management gt Crop parameters lon concentrat
24. he dialog 28 Crop and stage Stock tanks capacity Litre Stock concentration degree Set pH Customer EC dS m Predicted EC dS m Alternative Acid IRRIGATION WATER millimoles L NUTRITIVE RECIPE i NK Nu NS K a Me micromoles L SOLNUTRI final report 29 4 SIMULHYDRO This program allows to simulate growth water uptake mineral absorption and ionic composition in the root zone of crops grown in soilless condition open closed and semi closed cycle At the end of the wizard procedure the user obtains graphic and tabular reports summarizing the parameters simulated by the program 4 1 Model outline SIMULHYDRO was designed to simulate closed semi closed and open soilless systems In open cycle the water that drains from the substrate is not collected and the culture is continuously irrigated with fresh nutrient solution In systems with closed cycle instead the water that drains from the substrate is captured disinfected chemically controlled and corrected to be recirculated during successive irrigations When the irrigation water contains ions at higher concentrations than crop uptake concentrations these ions accumulate in the recirculating solution up to reach levels that can be phytotoxic A typical example is the accumulation of saline ions Na Cl etc poorly absorbed by plants that cause a direct increase of EC in the root zone When EC or the concentration of any ion reaches threshold
25. he scenaflo iiir aro ride e veo VE Ve E ea E Ta Pa RE Red 34 4 2 4 Dialog 4 selection of physiological and crop parameters eeeeeeeeees 34 4 2 5 Dialog 5 cultivation system parameter selection ccccsseccesseeccceseeceeseeeseeeceeseneees 35 12 6 Dialogo discharge oODUOFLS um creer rh D dept vas tu Soeur b a t edt ne eiu name 36 4 2 7 Dialog 7 control parameters for discharge events cccssecccssececcesseeeeeseeeseeeesseeees 37 4 2 8 Dialog 8 ETE effective evapotranspiration file upload eeeeesseeee 38 4 2 9 Dialog 9 Summary of input parameters and simulation start sseusss 38 4 2 10 Select a project saved in previous sessions eesseeeeeennn nns 39 REPORT MANAGENMIEIN ri n it oan iata pa race uui tox eao tenet at exes o poo Dautleso nia tuesob Suae otiose 40 Dil Miewing rid Or ICING Odbdoasssiuisunti haee ERN a ud ttes mulcet aan Co MEN PN 40 GRAPH MANAGEMEN tec Sate Sih orcs Bataan an ctl Sieh beaded et tien E enacts 41 Gl Miewing dnd pribtilig Cate adeb boe atum sevi aedi nU es ute dtu ea cae ase 41 1 QUICK START GUIDE 1 1 What is Hydrotools Hydrotools is a Decision Support System DSS developed in C Microsoft Net Frameworks 4 0 with the aim to support the management of greenhouse soilless cultures Hydrotools uses either English US or Italian language Hydrotools was developed by the Department of Cro
26. ialog box for inserting system parameters 4 2 6 Dialog 6 discharge options This dialog allows to define the flushing procedure 1 Enter the percentage of drainage water reused every day Generally this value corresponds to 100 for closed systems 2 Enter the percentage of water to be flushed out in occasion of a flushing only semi closed systems you may decide to remove all the exhausted nutrient solution or just a part of it from the drainage thank 3 Enter the volume of washing during the flushing you can run a substrate washing or not 0 L m 4 Press the next button to continue 36 abar bee ipapa Eu Dinand ycia Desehnrge hpo optimis m 7 9 D Simulhydro dialog box for the setting of the nutrient drainage solution options 4 2 7 Dialog 7 control parameters for discharge events This dialog allows to decide which ions define the range of oscillation of the recirculating solution the maximum and minimum thresholds represent the concentration of any ion or EC value at which the exhausted nutrient solution will be discharged The minimum and maximum levels must have been previously set in the database this dialog is used only to decide which ions in addition to EC must be taken into consideration 1 Set the EC value and select the desired ions 2 Press the confirm button w 3 Repeat for all phases 4 Press the next button Q to continue abes d Hep Sape Est Canin
27. iequivalents L 0 095 0 19 Small discrepancies between estimated and measured value are possible at low EC and or with high content of sulphates 12 2 1 2 Deletion of an irrigation water The dialog to delete a record is displayed by pressing the corresponding button IER warning With the deletion of an irqgation water will be deleted all the records where the product was been used for the calculation Deletions can not be K Ct Mg Na Sy C Fe B tu m 001 02 004 O13 009 02 197 0 O ZLI 036 0 w200696 158935 7 75 002 234 136 531 194 319 072 0 046 127 0 test 15295 D 0 o 15 08 395 05 92 072 0 O lose 127 D Zn Mn Moa ee MU etm Vim oca Cantirm abete Dialog box for the deletion of a records in the Hydrotools database 1 Select a record with a click of the mouse 2 Delete the record with the button Delete Pressing the confirmation button the system will warn that the cancellation is final 2 2 Acid and fertilizer management This dialog allows to add modify or delete fertilizer products in the database The database contains some default acids and salts summarized in the following table Default products cannot be deleted or edited with the only exception of their cost However more products can be added for each chemical category all fertilizers in the database can be chosen later from a drop down list in the tool SOLNUTRI used for the calculation of the desired nutritive formula The products are grouped
28. ion thresholds 25 SOLNUTRI result of the irrigation water test 3 If you want to continue with the selected water you can choose continue and then proceed with the confirmation button w 3 1 3 Dialog 3 nutritive formula 1 Enter the desired concentration of the stock solution and the volume of the containers 2 Continue with the confirmation button w 3 At this point the form displays the data about the selected nutritive formula for small adjustments if necessary only for EC and pH The nutrient solution associated with the combination crop stage must have been previously set in the database of HYDROTOOLS gt Utility Database management gt Crop parameters Nutritive recipes 4 Continue with the confirmation button w nmi EE Assessment of compliance with operating ranqes of concentration v Dialog box to insert SOLNUTRI input 26 3 1 4 Dialog 4 calculation 1 Select fertilizers and acids to be used in the calculation The fertilizer products must have 2 3 4 been previously entered in the database of HYDROTOOLS Utility Database management Acids and fertilizers Chemical composition If automatic calculation is selected the program will balance automatically the amount of salts alternatively select manual calculation and enter in the yellow cells the values suggested by the program or the user defined ones Aba plelp ave the
29. lts necessary to prepare the stock nutrient solution on the basis of v Irrigation water v Available salts and acids Y Desired nutritive recipes At the end of the calculation the result can be saved as a pdf file or printed out 10 SIMULHYDRO soilless system at the end of the simulation graphic and tabular reports summarize the obtained results Report management 11 he program allows to simulate growth water uptake ionic composition and mineral absorption in the root zone of an open closed and semi closed his dialog allows you to view as tables the information provided by the simulation performed with SIMULHYDRO including v Crop water balance v Nutrient balance Y Mean minimum and maximum nutrient concentrations in the system Y Mean minimum and maximum EC in the system All data can be saved as a pdf file or printed out his dialog allows to view as graphs the information provided by the simulation performed with SIMULHYDRO including v Nutrient concentration patterns in the system Y EC patterns in the system All data can be saved as a pdf file or printed out 2 Database management 2 1 Irrigation water management This dialog allows to add or delete information related to the water to be used for the preparation of the nutrient solutions and the irrigation of the crop A table at the bottom of the screen displays information on water saved by the user in previous sessions TION WAT
30. lution is flushed out flushing 3 In the open cycles the nutrient solution lost by evapotranspiration is replaced with fresh nutrient solution In this case the accumulation of salts scarcely absorbed by the crop can be controlled by increasing the percentage of leaching The different types of nutrient solution management are summarized in the above picture To better understand the different types of management of the nutrient solution in soilless systems it is suggested the study of some specific publications that explore and explain the topic in detail 1 Massa D Incrocci L Maggini R Bibbiani C Carmassi G Malorgio F Pardossi A 2011 Simulation of crop water and mineral relations in greenhouse soilless culture Environmental Modelling and Software 26 711 722 2 Massa D Incrocci L Maggini R Carmassi G Campiotti C A Pardossi A 2010 Strategies to decrease water drainage and nitrate emission from soilless cultures of greenhouse tomato Agricultural Water Management 97 971 980 4 2 Wizard of calculation The program opens by clicking the corresponding button on the main screen of HYDROTOOLS 4 2 1 Dialog 1 introduction to the wizard 1 The first welcome page explains that the entry of data will be accomplished by wizard 2 Press the next button Q to continue 32 Pe Suen Abra biim Est This wizard allows you to formal the data required to perform the simulation Pres the Hori bulina ta cnnti
31. nun Simulhydro wizard for inserting data input 4 2 2 Dialog 2 project management 1 Select a project saved in previous sessions see at the bottom of this page for details or if you want to create a new project go to step 2 2 Enter a name for the new project 3 Press the next button Q to continue Sher bigi Bai S mulniii prenu maniga o Simulhydro dialog box to create a new project or to load an existent simulation 33 4 2 3 Dialog 3 description of the scenario This dialog is used to define the scenario that will be simulated according to the type of crop and nutrient solution management 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Enter a name for the scenario Choose the crop Enter the number of phases to be simulated the simulation period can be divided into different phenological phases for example it can have two different steps for vegetative and reproductive plant phase For each phase different parameters can be chosen that define the cultivation environment and the needs of the crop These parameters must have been previously entered in the database of HYDROTOOLS gt Utility Database management Crop parameters Enter the total number of days of simulation and the start date Insert the expected production This may be based on the average production of the last three years Choose the management option of the nutrient solution see the section model outline for details Press the ne
32. p Biology now Department of Agriculture Food and Environment at the University of Pisa and the Institute of Biometeorology IBIMET of National Research Council Firenze Italy in the framework of the EU project EUPHOROS Efficient Use of Inputs in Protected HORticulture EU FP7 KBBE 2007 1 grant n 211457 The system architecture is based on a central database SQLite database engine which stores both input and output data and two separate calculation tools SOLNUTRI which calculates the salt concentrations of stock solutions used to prepare the nutrient solutions fed to the crop with a pre set ion concentration SIMULHYDRO which simulates crop plant nutrient uptake and the variations of the ionic composition of the nutrient solution in open closed and semi closed soilless systems Language management CONTROL PANEL DB access Key Graphical Data DATABASE management SQ Lite Data export Fertigation management NSS SIMULHYDRO Reporting Statistics NS calculation NSC SOL NUTRI Architecture of HYDROTOOLS This version of Hydrotools was checked against all known crashing errors However debugging was conducted on a limited number of hardware configurations and operating systems so software crash may occur if you are using uncommon hardware software configurations In case of crash the last calculation or simulation is deleted from the database which could be damaged thus making the progr
33. put Parsing tomer nad ssmabstinn nanning ue Simulhydro summary of inputs inserted by the user before to launch the simulation 4 2 10 Select a project saved in previous sessions Dialog 2 can be used to edit projects already saved When selecting a project the simulation already done can be viewed and a different simulation can be performed on the basis of the existing one In this new simulation all the parameters can be changed as shown from the step 2 to step 9 with the exception of the control strategy of the nutrient solution in the dialog 3 that cannot be changed NOTE When you make a new simulation based on an existing one you must enter a different identification code in dialog 9 39 5 Report management This dialog allows to view as tables the information provided by the simulation performed with SIMULHYDRO B SIMULATION REPORT Total production Ing id kg m Simulation Simulation Crs Stee Scenario Phase Simulation Simulation name date FOP ial name number length days start date tomato ex vari 11 01 2013 Tomato exampl CCEV tomato ex v 2 84 06 05 2006 12 0 Tomato Examp 11 01 2013 Tomato exampl CCEC Tomato Exa 2 84 06 05 2006 12 o Tomato Ex var 11 01 2013 Tomato exampl CCEV Tomato Ex v 2 84 06 05 2006 12 O Tomato exampl 11 01 2013 Tomato exampl CA Tomato exa 2 84 06 05 2006 12 0 1 01 2013 ma 8s omato e 2 84 06 05 2006 12 a Selected simulation e SN SN x Simulh
34. re a ato ctv Vp Ex Eva EP ette Vae er Hv SEC a cina 7 END EUR RR RT m m TT 8 1 2 Backup and restore SVSEtelisuaascednesectxs raura eun ds uec or eei bva etus o sus deesset Famulus 8 1 3 Components of HydroTools and features ccccccessccccssececesecceceesceesenececeecessueceesecesseeeeees 8 2 Database Management ease leges icouk une d N fee iN reo v dr atari vox es Ia mds 12 ZA Jdisadonwatermasrnasemetit sceau o Up RIpRRI EE e ET D reU GE RR nem HN EV NEUE CUI UR EE 12 ZA XEnuyorbanewirneation Water caduti mE ru oret erai euo fe cue t a Sahin va tae D o taken 12 21 2 Deletion ot andrEipdtiOn Water o eia osea t En Du E Do lke AAR 13 2 2 Acid ang TertilizerqmatidBelTieliE usse tbid E Opa bod oue bon coul cda AEG 13 22 1 iEntuyobanew pFOQUCE oid dut REED Rus di Cii Mh i vem uuMi a at La C DePUD A Ut EUR 15 2 2 2 ProductPrice ChallPB cui de dod teet ie cono Mos HO ue OM PN LA D DNE COLL MSEerPN DE PNPe UOTE COE 17 2 2 3 Deletion Old TertlliZel uode n s trsan denote A e m suu eventus La ap ee suE 17 2 3 Environmental constraint management ccecccsssecccsseccceescccceescceceneceseueceseueeeseaeetseeeees 18 2 9 1 EMU OT MEW NAW utto Mund DE mM MEE dm HIM DEI EU 18 2 3 2 Delet onora aW Ebr noroeste a ou o ie Etat eM eee ds 18 2 4 Crop parameter managemen bsc augue san VENE N Y VENBRSERa ET e XE NUES ngu ES est aubutR Usa Ma US E TeSESDUS 19 241 CROD ANG stdbematidgellleibassensst odestnndt ens iiis cenas ducu tide ba o
35. rectory db In case of crash of the software the damaged file must be replaced by latest version of the abovementioned file In the directory BlankDB there is also a copy of this file with the default parameters 1 3 Components of HydroTools and features To access to the various dialogs of the DSS simply press the correspondent button Below is reported the structure of the DSS Language he dialog allows v Setting the language Y Setting the digit group separator and decimal separator User guide Contains examples and explanations he dialog allows i eu v Viewing the water records already present in Irrigation water Ionic composition he dataa v Entering a new water analysis record Y Deleting a record from the database he dialog allows Chemical Y Viewing the products already present in the database Y Entering a new product v Deleting a product from the database he dialog reports the list of laws that regulate the maximum ion concentrations in the drainage Acids and fertilizers p composition Utility Environmental Environmental water The dialog allows constraints constraints v Consulting laws and regulations already present in the database Y Entering new laws Y Deleting laws from the database he dialog allows v Viewing combinations of crop stage already present in the database Y Entering new combinations Crops and stages v Deleting combinations already entered the elimination of a
36. s potentially toxic to the crop the nutrient solution so called exhausted is drained out from the system and totally or partially replenished this kind of management is defined semi closed cycle SIMULHYDRO can simulate commercial closed and semi closed systems similar to those shown in the figure below Semi closed system Groundwater Rainwater Fertigation device Y i ae z be 5 2 i f Fi ae Sector 3 pe4 x e ve v ov Sector 2 T Drainage tank Daily drainage tank Layout of a commercial closed soilless growing system 30 High EC ow EG Low High Nut Sol Ballast ions DES MR Nutrients Jutri Flushing Nutrients lt piusmng 97 Time x High EC LOW High EC ow E Nut Sol Nut Sol Ballast ions Ballast ions Nutrients au ching Nutrient End 0 time 0 Time Graph System Nutrient solution replacement Effect on EC Nutrient depletion Semi closed Top left Fresh nutrient solution Variable EC NO cycle l Semi closed Nutrient solution prepared Top right j Mn Costant EC YES cycle according to a preset EC value Boom NT Mixed firstly fresh nutrient solution and then only raw Variable EC YES left cycle water Bottom ott Open cycle Fresh nutrient solution Costant EC NO Different types of soilless nutrient solution management that SIMULHYDRO can simulate In soilless systems the r
37. urs tun p osea i iac oque ade 19 2 4 2 Nutritive recipe MANAMEMENA ccccsccssccssccssccsccesccesccesscesecesecesccesscesesasecescaseeeeeeaes 20 2 4 3 lon concentration threshold MaNnageEMEeNt cccccsseccccssccccsseceecesececseeceeseeecesseeeeges 22 2 4 4 Management of crop uptake concentrations eese 23 SDN Pug rcm 24 s l MW zardorcalculatioODizcisii e oi ENS vietato M M MU NL LE UM DA LM CU deus 24 3l Dialoge k project managsmieblbssisuieo vivere ive a a niu eei ao EOS quu ee aids 24 31 2 Dialog 2 rrigatiol WaEbelsecotactteneaetut ste a rex Eat vex d tup te th be tis aa Bec Sixto aede 25 3 3 Didlog 2 nUe TORI di soacecroos poacudea aka de iutad Pie emet a bea cmo de 26 314 Dialoga calculators iot bad e uet D nt Swe eI osi UEM quta des di Lem IA Ui EU 27 31 5 Didlog 5 precipitation OSU sco dm ecu er a aa e india ats ede eo teat ie 28 30 Dialogo repo es arses clap nis heroin he Denn oceans a ea b une nium Aa ies Deiner rvuE 28 4 5 6 STV ICID IR Osa etecn ns 30 4l M ModelouUtllhBss uisi aUo eue RE eum amu can MM c MEM E Ou Ud UM 30 42 Wizard orcalculatlOfizusdiues pue Co bup ca m botas best Code iub aS Mom hs ort Lote CTS outs 32 4 2 1 Dialog 1 iritrod ction to the Wizard iio ien aereo eee En a Fee va cra e v a e EV ea erus 32 42 2 Dialog 2 projectqmaliagetmiehlt iier nee ER luc Pese E Pa ERE NEED ER eV NE Fea UR 33 4 2 3 Dialog 3 description of t
38. xt button Q to continue 605 n wi Chie Cycle vurinbhe EC Q o Simulhydro dialog box to create a new project or to modify a saved project 4 2 4 Dialog 4 selection of physiological and crop parameters This dialog allows to associate each simulation phase to different parameters that define the system of cultivation and the needs of the crop These parameters must have been previously entered in the database accessible from the main screen of HYDROTOOLS gt Utility Database management Crop parameters 1 Enter the number of days of the first phase 2 Choose the irrigation water to be used for the first phase by clicking click the first column among those present in the database 34 3 4 5 6 Choose the nutrient formula to be used for the first phase Choose the minimum and maximum ion concentration thresholds to be used for the first phase These parameters define the limits for the flushing Repeat for the other phases if present Press the next button D to continue pE twi ninin abor bip papoa o Es Bolman of tht plrezsoloingrcnl and crop parameters El EC HEDD Mor HH PU S Kk Ca Mq Ha B Ce En Ma Me ing idt P r 1 E i pzas lt NE li a LU g LEE uJ k r4 B Tj u FLITE J6 a iana 725 uar n i OOF i134 im id 1 or f B aid ij a ee pH EC NO NH POL Kk Ca Mg Ma 5 CE Fn U Cu n We Example of dialog box for inserting physiological
39. ydro dialog box for the selection of a simulation to view 5 1 Viewing and printing data 1 Select a record in the main dialog and press the button to create the report L 2 In the next dialog press the buttons at the bottom of the screen to save the tables as a pdf file or print out them Drainage tank volume L m Daily drainage tank volume L m Maximum available water in the simulation period L m Suhctrate NS cantent I m Simulhydro example of a simulation report 40 This dialog allows to view the information provided by the simulation performed with SIMULHYDRO as graphs 6 Graph management Simulation Soon aria Phases SH uc Simulator Tai i niami cem iai name re mber Gan art date ao Ing 45 mre toes 5 02 3012 Medolanda OCEV uir raw coer A de 16 05 2012 11 L 4 mrumew com 05 07 2014 Medolanda QUEV mri com 2 Te E6 05 55012 11 I a mrtcew va d 05 07 2012 Medolanda CHEY mr oew va d 4 de MOS 11 i Ei mr marma C 9 02 2012 Medeolamda C EV mr mrirs z ie A6 05 2012 11 i 45 teri marina 0 05 07 3012 Medolanda CEV Test marina 0i 2 Te 1 OS Ss ti SG wa marinai O90 2012 Medolanda CCEV pest marmad 2 et 16 05 2012 11 i ET mr marma S 10 07 2014 Medolanda GEE mr marna 5 du be 05 72012 11 I 52 mrinarina 10 0 2012 Medolanda CCEV mr marinis 2 I D 05 2012 11 I 5i mr harnma 6 10 07 2012 Medoluxda GCEV MT warhead 0X E 6 05 72 013 11 i 56 mr marna 10 07 2012 Medolanda CCEV mr marma d i p 05
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