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NeOn Toolkit User's Guide

1. NeOn project org Neon Toolkit User s Guide Deliverable Co ordinator Michael Erdmann Deliverable Co ordinating Institution Ontoprise GmbH ONTO Other Authors Thomas Hemp ONTO This document contains the first version of the online documentation for the NeOn Toolkit The original deliverable consists of a set of HTML pages which are integrated into the toolkit as an Eclipse Help plug in This document simply reproduces the same content in linear form as a Word document Work package participants The following partners have taken an active part in the work leading to the elaboration of this document even if they might not have directly contributed writing parts of this document Ontoprise GmbH Executive Summary This document contains the first version of the online documentation for the NeOn Toolkit The original deliverable consists of a set of HTML pages which are integrated into the toolkit as an Eclipse Help plug in This document simple reproduces the same content in linear forma as a Word document 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 2 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 Table of Contents E III TION oir iaaa 4 2 BASIL S OF NEON TOOLE Loi AA AAA AAA a is AAA 5 O a E 5 AA a cis A A A E REDE PEE O arr ree ea en eer URE UENO 6 A Ag iii AAA A ER AE EE a Crna ea SE E eS fi A AAA AAE 8 EIN TO MS A A 9 ERAI Ma eh RE E E A A A 9 ERE AA E A A A A IA
2. car 451 e Whenever a word contains an umlaut e g the in German Reisefuhrer a space character such as in Audi A4 or any other non word character the concept name will be enclosed in quotation marks e Next we create the concepts region sales and price as root concepts o With the right mouse button click on the Concepts folder and select New Concept from the context menu o Enter region as the concept name and repeat this process also for sales and price o Finally create continent and country as sub concepts of the region concept After this process the structure of the ontology in the Ontology Navigator should look like this for better readability the namespaces are deactivated INeOn WT l w cars E A gt http f www NewOntol org Fl Concepts 20 9 price in EUR 9 price in CHF 9 price in SEK sales 8 region 9 country continent 0 8 product a car 9 Audi a4 9 Audi 43 9 Audi a2 C Attributes C Relations g Mappings C Queries C Rules Concepts and sub concepts 6 4 Multilingual Representations Each concept can have representations in multiple languages To create a German representation for the concept names enter them in the appropriate column of the Representations table of the Entity Property View of the individual concepts Representation
3. Also ontologies can be partially saved as UML class diagrams 2 8 2 File System Export For exporting ontologies to the local file system choose the File System Export Wizard in the Export menu and confirm with Next x Export Ontology to Filesystem y ii X Select Al Exporting an ontology to a file Exports an Ontology to the Filesystem i This wizard exports the selected ontology into a File Select an export destination Select project NewOntologyProject_1 type filter text Select ontology http www Dema basic model org TRS General To File D Ontoprise Demo_ontology oxral Browse Ebi o oe hus Ea Filesvs na AE MOT Yy i A PA BL UML Export Wizard ig WebDAY Export Wizard cm 7 Back Finish Cancel Dialog Export File System In the drop down lists Select project and Select ontology choose the ontology to be exported Click Browse to select a target file with a desired data type oxml flo rdfs owl and confirm with Finish NeOn Toolkit will write the file to disk Depending on the size of the ontology and the chosen format the export process can take some time 2 9 Localization of Ontologies Within the language preferences you can specify the languages you want to develop your ontology for To open the language preferences go to the Window menu and select Preferences gt Language Preferences The fields for documentatio
4. O providesvoltage ne mai hargdirngvoltage E f Relations ms 3 nokMatching components eee ER hasErrors at ER hasComponent IN BR containsComponent E Rules CF e io 2 engine a Im containment dee 3 componentContainiment ee ITR configuration containment Ey Im amperage Eo Bas GQ ampRule ere i Mappings Queries The Ontology Navigator view of an ontology For the different elements in the ontology navigator property views exist that present details and allow changing them There are different Entity Properties Views for concepts relations attributes rules queries mappings The entity types rules queries and mappings are only available in the extended configuration of NeOn Toolkit and not in the basic version 3 3 Entity Properties View for Concepts In the Entity Properties View for concepts you can edit all properties of a concept The table below explains all the different areas of the panel 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 24 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 C Entity Properties view X Y Name Reisef hrer Namespace http www NewOntol org h Attributes ISBN string 0 N Titel string 0 N hat_Autor Autor 0 1 hat Herausgeber Herausgeber 0 1 Entity Properties View for concepts Name Name of the concept Can be changed here All changes will also be displayed in the hierarchy o
5. attribute values and predicates e Toggle Negation Operation to negate the selected elements i e concept nodes attribute or relation arcs or predicate nodes Negated elements are displayed in red e Toggle If Then section You can mark elements to be part of the rule body or head Elements in the body if section represent preconditions of the rule Head elements in the then section define the results of a rule i e statements that are derived by this rule Body elements are marked in grey Rule elements in the head are represented in green e Connections Create a new connection arc e Attribute value Create a new attribute value node e New Predicate Create a new predicate node 5 5 Stylized English View The Stylized English View shows a natural language like representation of the rule diagram currently shown in the Graphical Rule Editor It can be used to read aloud and verify the contents of the rule diagram If the view is not visible go to Window gt Show View gt OntoStudio gt Stylized English View to display it 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 42 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 6 Sample Walkthrough In this section we will build a small ontology about cars their prices and sales regions and will give an insight into the ontology design process It will get you in touch with the essential functions of NeOn Toolkit If you do not want to create the ba
6. states is also possible by the arrow icons in the top pane 4 1 3 Legend At the left side of the view a legend is displayed explaining the icons used in the diagram Here you can activate or deactivate different ontology entities by ticking the adequate checkboxes 4 1 4 Graph elements e Concepts are represented by blue circles labeled with a C e Attributes are represented by orange circles labeled with an A e Relations are represented by red circles labeled with an R e The ontology is represented by a colorful icon consisting of tiny versions of the above three icons e Instances are represented by light blue circles labeled with an I e Grey arrows represent the concept hierarchy i e connections between super and sub concepts or root level concepts and the ontology node The arrowheads always point to super concepts or ontology node e Orange edges represent the connection between concepts and attributes e Red arrows represent the connection between concepts and relations A solid arrow points from the domain concept to the relation node and a dashed line refers to the range concept which is additionally decorated with a little crosshairs icon e Light blue edges connect instance nodes with their concept nodes NeOn 4 1 5 0Other Functions The visualizer also provides a search feature After entering a concept name this concept is sought in the current diagram and it is put into focus T
7. toolbar you find the perspective selector which lets you switch between perspectives INeOn 18 x s m x Fy Gy Schema H E Qu Schema i O Other Button to display and change the main perspectives Currently NeOn Toolkit includes a couple of perspectives e The Schema Perspective displays general views for creating editing and deleting ontology objects such as concepts attributes relations instances rules and queries When starting NeOn Toolkit the Schema Perspective is displayed by default e The Mapping Perspective to map between different ontologies or certain parts of them e The F Logic Editor Perspective to edit a complete ontology by text in F Logic e The Debugging Perspective to run queries in a debug mode and give the user the possibility of tracing 2 5 NeOn Toolkit Menus 2 5 1 The File Menu The File menu contains the standard operations of the program that are described below File Edit Navigate Search Project Wine New AlE SHIFE H Kk Close Ghia Close All atn pe Ml save cues Seve ASe MN Save All Gr Shifts Revert Move Rename me Refresh FS Y Print CEP Switch Workspace ey Import ees Export kJ Open Ontology F save Ontology i Save Ontology s Exit The File menu e File gt New gt Project gt Ontology Project 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 10 of
8. which the attribute is defined New concepts can be added here as well The type of the attribute String Double Integer Boolean can be entered in the Range column Description Textual documentation of the attribute can be written in the description field Multiple languages are supported by default the documentation can be done in English German and French but you can also add new languages by the NeOn Toolkit preferences Representations A textual representation of the attribute name in multiple languages 3 6 Instance View All existing instances for a concept will be shown in the instance view New instances can be created remove and deleted as well Instance View 3 6 1 Defining a New Instance e Select the concept for which you want to create an instance in the Ontology Navigator window by clicking on the concept e Activate the context menu by a right mouse click in the Instance View and select New Instance from the options menu or e Click on the L__ symbol in the title line of Instance View e In the Instance View window a new instance is displayed with a randomly generated name e g instance1 106663037379 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 28 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 We recommend giving new instances an expressive name to be able to recognize them later in the ontology
9. www Demo basic model org 9 concept 9 continent ontology A attribute Q range concept x x relation amp http www Demo basic model org gt A region 3 continent gt 8 region ae Ea oft Ontology Graph Visualizer 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 32 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 4 1 1 Concept in Focus Clicking on a concept in the visualizer moves this element into the focus of the view and displays all adjacent elements e relations and attributes as well as sub and super concepts The depth of the sub concept hierarchy displayed in the graph can be configured in the menu Window gt Preferences gt OntoVisualize Preferences hm iol x type Filter text OntoYisualize Preferences E General H FLagic Editor Hierarchy levels to show at startup o 7 Graph Generation Display inherited attributes relations H Help Inference Server Language Preferences pa O nui alos ur Display attributes instances of range concepts and subconcepts isualize Preferences ls Query Tool Plug In E Report Design Restore Defaults Apply OntoVisualize Preferences 4 1 2 Navigation history At the bottom of the view a history of the last selected graph elements is displayed By clicking on one of the elements here the visualizer jumps back to the previous state Stepping to the previous or next
10. 1 E Properties 53 a 3 ADAC Reisef hrer Neuseeland Property value Fr hst ck mit K ngurus Lonely Planet Australia The Schema Perspective 3 2 The Ontology Navigator In the Ontology Navigator the different ontology projects and their corresponding ontologies are displayed You can navigate within the hierarchically arranged elements as with the Windows Explorer Further you can create change and delete the ontology elements The different possibilities to edit the elements are listed in the appropriate context menu To open the context menu of an element click on the element with right mouse button If an element contains further sub elements then a plus sign is displayed on the left side of the element Please click on this plus sign to display the sub elements In order to close the view of the sub elements click on the minus sign of the parent element Rules are stored in the Rules folder It is also possible to create your own rule subfolders with the adequate context menu to organize the rules Queries can be found in the Queries folder and mappings in the Mappings folder Se ER I mil El r NewOnbologyProject E as OnboStudioz Demo II Concepts H component on 8 configuration N a product E rA Attributes ce O description pue SA hasChargingWoltage Ne requiredAmperage e NA FequiredPower m SA providesAmperage eter
11. 3 6 2 Deleting Instances To delete an instance select it with a right mouse click and choose Delete Instance from the context menu or mark the instance which you want to delete and press the Delete button L in the tool bar of the Instance View 3 6 3 Moving Instances The instances of a concept can be moved by the Move context menu entry or by Drag amp Drop from one concept to another There you can choose whether to remove inconsistent properties of this instance as well as to remove inconsistent properties from other instances referring to the moved instances Move concepts x Select target concept H component fuel tank C transmission system battery 3 chassis electronic device O engine O generator y J Remove inconsistent instance properties after move ama Menu Move instances 3 6 4 Properties of Instances You can change the properties of an instance in the Properties View m A oO UD Instance View 28 sil 6 a O E Germany Property value sn 29 Japan id Fttn ns Dermo basic model org Germany E Mexico hasMarmne Germany partor Europe Properties View If not already shown you can open this view by Window gt Show View gt Other gt General gt Properties from the window menu The Properties View displays two columns The first shows available attributes and relations The second displays the values of these attributes an
12. 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 Creates a new ontology project You must specify a project name that does not exist yet If you want to add ontologies that already exist in other loaded projects please click the ADD button Select the desired ontology in the following dialog In order to remove an added ontology mark this ontology and click the Remove button New Ontology Development Project i 3 x Ontology Development Project This wizard creates a new Ontology Development Project Project name NewOntologyProject_2 Referenced ontologies Add Remove cna Creating a new ontology project e File gt New gt Other Here you can create new elements e g ontologies e Refresh Updates the user interface e g arranges the ontology elements alphabetically in the ontology navigator e Switch workspace NeOn Toolkit stores your projects in a folder called a workspace Choose a different workspace folder here to start a new session with the new workspace e Import Wizard Opens the import dialog to choose a wizard for importing ontologies or other data sources e Export Wizard Opens the export dialog for writing ontologies in different formats e Open Ontology Opens an ontology from a selected file This is the same functionality as File gt Import gt File System e Save Ontology as Saves the currently selected ontology Represents the same functionality as File gt Export gt File
13. A ahm 11 as ea hall i h i iliaiid i acic dad iain el il ineal ia l ithaiaa iii i iir isil iiilath ah eae 1 A O a a 1 A E E A A Dg A a Se ii ic tesi Ez AA E IN A O AA IAN AA O A A err UTT ane TR aE Seem TT EET 13 2 6 Tae Toot Bar or i LM La a N wvwwwwvwwwwvavvvwwvwwvvwwevvwvwwwvwwwvvvvwwwwwvvwvvwvvwwvwvvwwvwvvwvvwvvwvwwvvwvwevvvwvwwvvvvvvvw 14 3 6 A A 28 E Eo a MI A eT Re mee eee ee me eee eee eN ee Tne ee 28 O A a i aa a ha iii aiHh La aa ha ha o aEa d bhaic 29 aa A A A A NA 29 4 VISUALIZING ON TOLOGIES corri A A s is a ea i 31 ao a MAA cea eee 31 SIE RR AC ios 32 did II A A ii 32 O Ai eee Tre a2 IR RR CH o A EEE AE SEAE TE E AE EI EEA N 32 O O aaa ai aa a AA i AA da deep tabi s each a a aaia a 33 MRE T BI AI AO AA IN NI E EENE A EN NE 33 INeOn b SAMPLE WALK THROUGH crean ai al ai i c s s il sih i aa a a ai h i r iai h is ei h il gh i ilg isi 42 A ee ee ee ic d da a ah na AH ee ai n a ee ee ain i eRe ai ara ala eS aa ad ne eee ee eee ees 42 DAN A IE LEO LEE a te ee es 43 E a O iaa 44 A NOTES ERRE Di A A AAA AA 45 EN AI ld 45 A AA NA A A O A A O 46 AE 0 1g a e cd 47 Oe a a a a 47 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 4 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 1 Introduction This document represents the first iteration of the online documentation of the NeOn Toolk
14. Diagram Rule 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 38 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 Graphical representation of a rule in its Entity Properties View 5 4 2 Adding Concepts and Instances to the GRE To add a concept node or an instance to the rule diagram simply Drag amp Drop it from the Ontology Navigator or from the Instance View into the GRE The new node appears in the diagram where you dropped it Make sure the diagram is sticky i e the pin icon in the top right corner of the rule entity property view is selected 5 4 3 Adding Attributes to the GRE To add attribute nodes to the diagram choose Attribute value from the palette menu and click into the diagram to create an empty attribute node Fill in desired values and connect the attribute node with the corresponding concept by adding a connection and selecting the name of the desired attribute Attribute nodes support the following data types boolean datetime time date number integer and string 5 4 4 Adding Predicates to the GRE For adding predicate nodes to the diagram choose the Predicate entry from the palette menu and then click into the diagram to create a preliminary predicate node By clicking on the label of the node a drop down list appears which lets you choose the desired built in predicate with the appropriate number of argumen
15. File menu You can export ontologies into the data formats F Logic OXML OWL or RDF s If a project contains a number of ontologies you can see this in the Ontology Navigator window you must select the ontologies you wish to export by marking them specifically N B Because of the differences of the ontology languages information may be lost during the export process into the different formats e g in the case of RDF export rules which have been modeled are lost To initiate the export process from the Ontology Navigator select the ontology and open the context menu Choose the entry Export or choose this entry from the menu bar File gt Export In the following Export window select a destination to which the ontology will be exported File System or WebDAV Export to FileSystem It is possible to export to every directory which is available in the local file system Export to WebDAV A WebDAV Repository is a kind of remote file Repository system that supports versioning and other sophisticated features Thus ontologies can be stored under the same name several times This creates different releases of the same file 2007 O Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 18 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 2 8 1 Supported Export Filters Currently we support the export of ontologies to the local file system or to a WebDAV repository using F Logic OXML OWL or RDF s
16. Module information is available for concept and predicate nodes as well as for attribute and relation arcs e Variables on Switches the presentation of Variables on and off If off all variables are implicit only If on variables representing the instances of concepts in concept nodes are explicitly shown in the diagram e Select Activates the mouse selector e Comparison Activates the comparison selector to draw comparison arcs lt gt Is lt S 2 between two concepts nodes e Connection Activates the connection selector to draw attribute and relation arcs between concept nodes or between concept and attribute nodes e New Component Shows hides the node types on the bottom of the palette e Attribute value Lets you create new empty attribute value nodes in the rule graph e Predicate Lets you create new predicate nodes in the rule graph 5 4 10 The Context Menu With a right mouse click on any element in the GRE diagram a context menu opens containing the following entries NeOn Fest Author eee 2 Unido CTRL 2 gt Redo CTRL Y J Delete Edit Toggle Negation Toggle If Then section Connections New Attribute New Predicate Workflow functions of the GRE desktop e Undo Undo the last operation e Redo Redo the last operation e Delete Remove the selected element s and possible incoming and outgoing arcs e Edit Edit the selected element only active for connections
17. Navigator you can open the Generate Graph function The selected concept and all its sub concepts will be displayed in the Graph View 60 ES Generate Graph ip x 5 8 Ce gt Mew Project Es i i ie G Mem Query Root concept Branche E New Concept Template Concept graph 5 i c my Import Fonk size C t me 8 sales n oncept graph with synonyms AAA vico A Export Rank separation concept tree O price EP j Concept tree with synonyms H regior Delete Optimize layout C Attributes I mm IR haste Refactor Scaling 100 So Cs i is amou Refresh Style Defaut Edit Y value diy Show in Visualizer a IMA Cancel G Rules Generate Graph A 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 34 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 Select Graph View Settings for the Graph View In the setting window you can select four different templates to visualize the graph diagram e Concept tree Display of the hierarchic concept taxonomy e Concept tree with synonyms Display of the hierarchic concept taxonomy with synonyms e Concept graph Display the ontology with multiple inheritance e Concept graph with synonyms Display the ontology with multiple inheritance and the synonyms The variants with multiple inheritance will display concepts with multiple super concepts only once and thus creating a graph structure The other variants will
18. NeOn Toolkit NeOn Toolkit Version 1 0 Build id 0 c Copyright ontoprise GmbH 2007 All rights reserved Visit http www ontoprise de This product indudes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation http www apache org Plug in Details Configuration Details The About window e Plug in Details A list of installed plug ins and their versions e Configuration Details A list of configuration details of the installed NeOn Toolkit version Here you can also open the error log file 2 6 The Tool Bar of NeOn Toolkit The symbols of the tool bar allow a quick access to some specific functions of NeOn Toolkit i ES ro x we Ss The symbol bar e New The New button opens the New wizard where you can create a new ontology It has the same function as the menu item File gt New e Save disabled e Print disabled e Show Mapping View Opens the Mapping View window e Show Entity Properties View Opens the Entity Properties View displaying details for the different elements of the ontology e Generate Graph Generates graph starting at the given concept e Create Concept NeOn Create a new concept in the current ontology If a concept is selected a sub concept is created If the concept folder is selected a new root concept is created A randomly generated name is proposed for the new concepts In order to change the name directly please enter a new n
19. Ontol org Concepts H Buch a Person 3 Person2 Attributes Q Name Titel Q ISBN S A Relations 3 hat_Herausgeber 23 schreibt_Buch 3 hat_Autor 4 Mappings Queries Q_Autor Q_buch E A Rules Q Example Rule 4 Instance view X e p E Properties 28 E Property value OOOO gt Datamodel RAM The user interface of NeOn Toolkit here Schema Perspective 1 Menu bar and tool bar While the menu bar controls most operations of NeOn Toolkit the tool bar contains frequently used operations For example you can open the Mapping View with one click on the appropriate button 2 Main area As default NeOn Toolkit starts with the Schema Perspective containing four different views the Ontology Navigator the Entity Properties View the Instance View and the Properties View 3 Status bar The status bar at the bottom of the screen shows the current data model usually set to RAM Other datamodels that store models in a persistent data bases instead of in main memory are available 2 4 Perspectives The features of NeOn Toolkit are grouped in different so called perspectives such as the Schema Perspective or the Mapping Perspective A perspective is a composition of different views to achieve a common task e g the schema perspective contains views tools for modeling ontologies On the right hand side of the
20. System o Exit INeOn Before closing the application it displays a dialog where you can save the changes to your ontologies 2 5 2 The Edit Menu This menu contains the usual functionality for cut copy and paste as well as delete These operations refer to the nodes in the ontology navigator 2 5 3 The Navigate Menu This menu entries of the Navigate Menu are currently disabled 2 5 4 The Search Menu With the Search menu you can search for elements in ontologies Search Ctr FH The Search menu It opens the Search dialog This dialog contains tabs for searching in files and for searching in ontologies The file search option is not functional since we operate on the conceptual ontology model rather than on files storing the ontologies EA xi LIP File search Ontology search Text pro Case sensitive Search For Concepts W Attributes Relations Instances Scope Workspace Selected resources Enclosing projects Working set Choose CP Customize Cancel The Search dialog You can search concepts attributes relations and instances inside the selected ontology The results will be shown in a result view where you can double click the entities to jump to the appropriate location in the ontology navigator 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 12 of 48 NeOn Integra
21. ame and then press Enter The new concepts are not arranged in alphabetic order immediately In order to sort them alphabetically open the context menu for the Concepts folder in the Ontology Navigator and select the Refresh menu item e Show Hide Namespaces Switches the display of the namespaces to on off e Search Opens the Search window Here you can search for elements in the selected ontology 2 7 Importing Ontologies Existing ontologies and other data structures such as database schemas can be loaded into NeOn Toolkit aschema OntoStudio File Edit Wavigate Search Project Window Hel E 5 E rA Concepts Pie Ale ShiF H Kk E 3 product Close r N i ae car Close il Gerih O ee 0 a 122 New Project Il Save Ctrl 5 PB Bae E a New Query OE ss pue a eae New Concept i eee price i i Pavari O Bus n Export pod price il Exp MOE po me O price i Rename FZ region ia Reiresh F5 ua eountrs Refactor A E AC combine Refresh ae Pint arite El Attributes diy Show in Visualizer Switch Workspace 13 Export fl Open Ontology The menu window File Import and the context menu of an element You can initiate the import process following the following instructions e Select File gt Import on the menu bar or e Select the entry Import with a right mouse click in the Ontology Navigator the imported data so
22. ated 3 Ontology Modelling Creating a domain model requires creating a basic ontology integrating existing information eliciting knowledge from domain experts and formalizing it as rules So the modelling process can be divided into four phases e the analysis of the domain e the construction of the ontology e the integration of already existing facts in databases e the modelling of the expert knowledge as rules The initial step in the modelling process is the analysis of the domain lt is necessary to exactly define the domain which is a challenging task because the domain experts are in most cases not able to develop an ontology and the knowledge engineers do not have sufficient knowledge of the domain To complete this task a knowledge transfer has to be done from the domain experts to the knowledge engineers The resulting system is based on an ontology This ontology has two major objectives Firstly it represents the terminology and the complex dependencies between the different domain parts These dependencies are represented as relationships and rules Secondly the ontology serves as a mediator between data from different sources for example to integrate up to date data about special domain parts etc After the identification of the terms and properties of the domain the modelling phase starts From here on NeOn Toolkit supports the whole engineering process from the creation of the ontology to the development of the expert rule
23. ce URI of the relation Local relations Domain and Range define the concepts connected by the relation You can enter new concepts in the Domain column Min and Max define the cardinalities of the relation The columns symmetric and transitive define whether the relations are symmetric or transitive The red cross deletes a local relation between the two concepts Description Textual documentation of the relation can be written in the description field Multiple languages are supported by default the documentation can be done in English German and French but you can also add new languages by the NeOn Toolkit preferences Representations A textual representation of the relation name in multiple languages Inverse relations The Inverse column lists the relations that are inverse to the active relation 3 5 Entity Properties View for Attributes Essentially the entities properties view for attributes behaves in exactly the same way as for relations The main difference is the restriction to only built in types for the range field of attributes Relations Entity Properties View for attributes NeOn Name Name of the attribute Can be changed here All changes will also be displayed in the hierarchy of the Schema View Namespace URI of the attribute Local relations The Domain column displays the name of the concept for
24. d relations and lets you modify delete or add values Each instance has an id property which is the unique identifier consisting of a namespace and the name of the instance Neon To change the value of one of the properties click on its cell at the Value column If the selected property is an attribute relation with a max cardinality of 1 you can enter the value directly into the cell If its max cardinality is greater than 1 a multi selection dialog opens where you can enter select multiple values G gEdit values of property http www MewDntol org part f a p a x Select instance to add Enter text bo Filter instance list Selected instances Matching instances REE ea MerGntol orga Europe Akko na Demo basic model org Germany add Fttp ens Dermo basic model org Germany http rn Mew intol orga 2 South America erate http iiie MewOnbol org North America httn Pra WewOnbol org Australia http few Mew dntol org asia http ens Mew dntol org Africa Multi select dialog The Matching Instances list shows the instances which are possible fillers for the relation The list can be filtered by typing a letter into the Select instances field only instances starting with the given letter are still shown To add an instance to the property click on the matching instance and transfer it with add to the Selected instances lis
25. duplicate concepts with more than one super class and mark all but one occurrence as duplicates SARAH HD Properties Result View Query Statistics BE Ter ie Y a Ws lt DEF AULT_ROOT_CONCEPT Graph View with Template Concept Graph The icons in the top right or the context menu entries let you print the graph or save it as PDF or PNG Also you can zoom in and out and search for concepts In this view only hierarchical information is present i e no relations attributes or instances are available Neon 5 Rules Domain models usually contain ontological knowledge and can be extended by adding rules with explanations which represent complex knowledge going beyond the more structural properties of the ontology Rules in general have a structure as follows IF the precondition is valid THEN the conclusion is valid as well The precondition is also called if section or body of the rule The conclusion is also called then part or head of the rule In order to specify a valid rule both parts are needed body and head Thus it is necessary to specify which diagram elements are part of the rule body and which are part of the rule head In the rule diagram head elements are displayed in green body elements are displayed in grey Rules are only supported by the extended configuration of NeOn Toolkit and are not available in the basic version 5 1 Creating a Rule R
26. es and relations of the concept region First we want to define an attribute hasName for products In order to set up this attribute proceed as follows e Enter hasName in the Entity Property View of the product concept in the Attribute column under the section Attributes e Enter string in the properties window of the product concept in the Range column under the section Attributes or just type s and select string from the appearing list e Thus the property hasName is assigned to the concept product and thereby all sub concepts such as car The changes are automatically stored which means that the new attribute also appears in the Attributes folder of the Ontology Navigator e To verify that the attribute is inherited by car click on the car concept to open its Entity Property View Here we see the same definition of hasName as for product But now it has a grey background and cannot be modified To practice the creation of attributes you could define this knowledge e Region hasName gt string e Sales amount gt integer e Price value gt number 6 6 Creating Relations The connections between instances are represented with relations They are quite similar to attributes and are essentially created and maintained in exactly the same way The first example we create is the relationship bet
27. f the Schema View Namespace URI of the concept Attributes In this area you can create attributes for your concept Enter the name of the attribute in the Attribute column Enter the range of values String Double Boolean Integer in the Range column All entries are accepted by means of the Enter button With Min and Max you can define the cardinality of the attribute You can delete an attribute by the red cross at the end of the line Grey shaded attributes are inherited and can only be changed in the super concept All attributes will be displayed in the attributes folder in the Schema View as well Here you also can rename them Relations Here you can define relations which describe the dependencies between concepts Enter the name of the relation in the Relation column Here Range defines the other concept you want to relate to the active concept All entries are accepted by means of the Enter button Min and Max define the cardinality The red cross deletes the selected relation Grey shaded relations are inherited and can only be changed in the super concept Description Textual documentation of the concept can be written in the description field Multiple languages are supported by default the Neon documentation can be done in English German and French but you can also add new languages by the NeOn Toolkit preferences Representations A text
28. he search is restricted to concepts and is requires an exact match to successfully retrieve nodes In the preferences of the visualizer Window gt Preferences gt OntoVisualize Preferences you can switch on two more features e Usually only direct attributes and relations of the concept in focus are displayed Ticking the checkbox Display inherited attributes relations overwrites this and will also display properties that are inherited by this concept e The checkbox Display attributes instances of range concepts and subconcepts is responsible for adding also more detailed information for other concepts than the one in the focus The visualizer s context menu provides some additional functionality like Zooming in an out or rotating the whole graph oom In Zoom Qu Rotate Clockwise Rotate Counter Clockwise Start Layouter Stop Layouter Context menu of the Ontology Graph Visualize View It also allows stopping the automatic layout algorithm and keeps all nodes at exactly the position where they are manually moved with the mouse 4 2 Graph View The Graph View provides printing functionality and allows exporting of a simple ontology graph as PDF document Its main features are e Printing the concept graph e Zooming in and out of the concept graph e Displaying synonyms in the Graph View e Searching for text in the Graph View By clicking on the context menu of a concept in the Ontology
29. ight mouse click to the Rules folder of the Ontology Navigator and select the New Rule entry You can change the proposed random name H z im pr 5 New Project Ye New Rule Folder Mew Rule 3 Import py Export Refresh Context menu New Rule 5 2 Entity Property View for Rules To switch to the Graphical Rule Editor GRE click on a rule in the Ontology Navigator This action opens the Entity Properties View where the GRE is displayed for the corresponding rule The chosen rule will be displayed with name namespace and the rule diagram Entity Properties View XX A Name rule1154334139252 http fiw NewOntol org 4 Palette n 2007 O Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 36 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 Entity Property View for Rules Clicking on the Rule tab on the bottom will activate the textual rule editor Clicking on the Diagram tab will activate the graphical editor again IR Entity Properties view X Name tule1 154334139252 Namespace http ff NewOntol org v A Rule FORALL concept concept10 concepts concept http www NewOntol org Book http www NewOntol org AND concept http www NewOntol org has_Topic gt gt concept10 http iwww NewOntol org AND concept1O http www NewOntol o
30. instance is created e An arbitrary name is suggested and you can change it immediately Enter Europe as the name of the instance e Inthe Properties window to the right all potential properties of the instance are listed Here you can fill in the correct value for the attribute field nasName e Repeat these steps to set up more instances of the concepts continent and country Properties window e g the value North America in the attribute field hasName e The Properties window also allows defining relations between instances e g the above mentioned part of relation between countries and continents Select for all defined countries the proper continents 6 8 Moving a Concept To rearrange the concepts in the concept hierarchy you can move the concepts around After a right click on the concept you can choose the Refactor menu to move an element 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 9 Entity Properties view 3 q Mame car Page 48 of 48 Instance View le Ontology Navigator x WE EI aw NewOntologyProject Eek htEp fiee Demo basic model org i B Concepts i 2 8 price EE ha a price in CHF i a price in EUR a E a price in SEK i 0 8 product oO Namespace hito vs WewOntol Attributes Attribute hasMame 8 Lee New Project ee Mew Que
31. ion and ontology language extension flo e OXML An XML based ontology definition language used by ontoprise GmbH extension oxml INeOn e OWL The web ontology language of the W3C extension owl e RDF RDF S Resource Description Framework Schema of the W3C extension rdf or rdfs for the XML serialization or nt for N Triple or n3 for N3 To trigger this import select File gt Import gt OntoStudio gt FileSystem Import Wizard and click on Next The subsequent dialog lets you choose the location of the ontology Browse button You can also enter the location manually 6 Import Ontology from the Filesystem E x FileSystem Ontology Import This wizard imports an ontology into one of the existing ontology development projects From File Ontostudio Demo_entdemo_ontolagies CarDemoDB_facts oxml Browse To project NewOntologyProject_1 Mew GntologyProject_1 ones Dialog FileSystem Ontology Import In the same dialog the drop down list To project refers to the project into which the ontology will be imported After confirming with Finish the ontology will be imported The selected ontology data source is imported from its location to the selected project and is now available within NeOn Toolkit 2 8 Exporting Ontologies The export function enables saving ontologies in different formats For that purpose you can use the corresponding menu items in the
32. it Since the online documentation actually consists of a set of HTML pages that are available from within the toolkit and can be accessed interactively here we can only present a version of the content in a more linear form Each top level section of this document will be presented as a top level node in the table of content of the on line help system within the NeOn Toolkit All second and third level sections will be represented in the on line help as an individual web pages accessible from a built in web browser NeOn 2 Basics of NeOn Toolkit 2 1 Starting NeOn Toolkit You can start NeOn Toolkit using one of these two methods e Click on the NeOn Toolkit icon on the desktop or e Select in the Windows start menu Start gt All Programs gt NeOn Toolkit Version 1 0 gt NeOn Toolkit 1 0 At the first start of the program the Workspace Launcher window is loaded There you can specify your workspace directory Workspace Launcher ji x Select a workspace Ontostudio stores your projects in a Folder called a workspace Choose a workspace Folder to use For this session workspace C Dokumente und Einstellungen User workspace Browse Use this as the default and do not ask again one The selection of the workspace directory In this dialog window you can select the directory in which NeOn Toolkit will save all its appropriate data In order to save the data in a directory other than the specified
33. lays the ontology and all elements of the hierarchy concepts relations attributes instances in a graph The values of attributes and relations of instances are not visualized In the Ontology Navigator you can click with right mouse button on the ontology you want to visualize and select Visualize Ontology or click with right mouse button on a single concept which you want to visualize and select Show in Visualizer E E a gt htkps Liaw Demo basic model org E T Concepts E s pe 2 a PEER Tay ero E i Concepts Lae New Project 0 prod l ET 0 toda EA c New Project E 0 a py Import E New Query i ed y A Export i ES iC New Concept i a s amp MK Delete i E Import es sales 14 Export 3 Or region Refactor III B ms par i Refresh mas IS E a T ae Refactor i a Visualize Ontology El ico um A Thir O Add as Mapping Source o Fo Refresh ae pr s gt gt Show in Visualizer 6 Add As Mapping Target Edit F Logic Source Context menu to initiate the ontology graph visualizer The Ontology Graph Visualizer View will open displaying the selected ontology or concept 5 Ontology Graph Visualiza View JPowerGraph X B a Zoom 75 Rotate 0 ol o gt Concept Search fi Search Y Show Navigation History V Show Legend Show Tooltips Q region Q partOf gt F hasName J region I Y A country A http
34. n and representation then let you input values for these languages All languages according to ISO standard are supported Neon type Filter text Language Preferences O gt 7 H General BIRT Use upfdown buttons to change order Graph Generation El Help de Up en Inference Server Fr 7 Language Preferences ja Bown pa Tool Plug 1 imme Remove Refresh Create new locale Y Create ma farted to apply changes ae ar ak bl Restore Defaults Apply ones The Preferences menu to create or change the language Mark the entries and push the Up or Down button to change the order Create a new locale by clicking on the Create button 2 10 How to exit NeOn Toolkit If you want to exit NeOn Toolkit select File gt Exit in the menu bar and confirm with OK The Confirm Exit dialogue appears Here you can set the checkmark Always exit without prompt in order to terminate NeOn Toolkit without being asked the next time Always exit without prompt Cancel The Confirm Exit window If you created a new ontology you will be asked for where you want to store it Click on the Don t Save Save or Cancel button 2007 O Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 20 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 a ES w g Save Ontologies The menu Save Ontologies The application will be termin
35. new project named cars Before you can import or create an ontology you have to create a project especially if NeOn Toolkit has been installed anew The Ontology Navigator now shows the new ontology project Next we will demonstrate how to set up an ontology in this project 6 2 Creating a New Ontology In order to create a new ontology in NeOn Toolkit proceed as follows e Using the right mouse button click on the project name in the Ontology Navigator and in the context menu select New Ontology e Inthe New Ontology window you can now indicate a Module Identifier the name of the ontology and a Default Namespace The proposed default values are sufficient for the purposes of our sample You can change them now if you want e The Module Identifier is used for unique identification of modules Modules divide the knowledge base in smaller units to ensure that the units do not influence each other unintendedly Thus the module is equivalent to the notion of an ontology e After clicking on the Finish button you have now created a new empty ontology Note that the ontology is now displayed in the ontology navigator with empty folders for concepts attributes rules etc el Ontology Navigator A Basic structure of the ontology 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 44 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 6 3 Creating New C
36. oncepts The next step is creating the concept product as well as its sub concept car and the sub concepts of car Audi A2 Audi A3 and Audi A4 e Open the entire structure of the ontology click on the plus signs of the ontology in the Ontology Navigator window e With the right mouse button click on the Concepts folder and select New Concept in the context menu e In the OntologyNavigator window the default name of the concept e g term1103116866533 appears within the Concepts folder Now change this name to a proper name such as product Later modifications of the concept name are possible at any time using the Entity Property View the top right area on the screen e With the right mouse button click on the concept product and from the context menu select New Concept e A new concept with a default name is now located under the product concept This indicates that the new concept is a sub concept of product Change the concept name to El car e With the right mouse button click on the concept car and from the context menu select New Concept e Another new concept with a default name now appears under the car concept i e it represents a sub concept of car Change the concept name to Audi A2 e Repeat these steps in order to create concepts Audi A3 and Audi A4 as sub concepts of
37. one click on the Browse button and select the desired directory Confirm with OK to start the application The program starts and the start screen appears 2007 O Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 6 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 x gschema OntoStudio Shoo Start screen of NeOn Toolkit Schema Perspective 2 2 Hot Keys Apart from the usual hot keys there are additional key combinations that allow for rapid and comfortable changing between the different views and editors in order to simplify the navigation in NeOn Toolkit They are listed in the following table Alt Shift N Menu Create a new project Ctrl N Menu File New Refresh to actualize the view Ctrl H Open the search window Show the System Menu for the active view with the following activities Fast View Restore Move Size Minimize Maximize Close ALT 2 3 The User Interface The user interface consists of a menu a tool bar and the main area containing different so called views for the actual content 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 8 of 48 b Schema OntoStudio Fie Edit Search Window Help Ire jalimij Ah OntologyNavigator 3 E Qp Schema 2 H Z Entity Properties view 23 27595 10 x gt E gt NewOntologyProject_Test No item selected HAA http www New
38. rg Thema Textual Edit view The Graphical Rule Editor does not support arbitrary F Logic rules This implies that some rules must be formulated textually and these rules cannot be displayed correctly with the graphical view Rules making use of function symbols or complex first order formulas in the rule body are examples for rules not supported by the graphical representation For a full description of the F Logic Syntax and Semantics refer to the ontoprise web site www ontoprise de 5 4 Graphical Rule Editor 5 4 1 0verview The main means for creating and modifying existing rules is the Graphical Rule Editor GRE It enables you to formulate rules in a graphical interactive way In the following we show how rules can be modeled with the help of the GRE These example rules use the domain of books their topics publishers and authors to illustrate the GRE The example provides an insight into the modeling process and should familiarize you with the major functions of the GRE On the left side of the GRE you find the palette with several text buttons that provide the functionality of the GRE IR Entity Properties View X e Name rule1 154334139252 Namespace http ff NewOntol1 org E 4 Palette Namespaces on Modules on Variables on Zoom In Zoom Out R Select 3 Comparison 3 Connection L gt New Component gt Dattribute Predicate
39. rg Topic http www NewOntol org Textual Edit Diagram Rule Rule Register Tab Use the Fix button in the top right corner to make the GRE view sticky i e to keep this rule displayed even if you select other elements from the ontology navigator This is needed to drag and drop concepts or instances into the graphical editor Simply unselect the Fix icon and the entity property view will automatically update according to the selected elements in the ontology navigator again 5 3 Textually Editing Rules The Rule tab displays a textual representation of the rule in F Logic IR Entity Properties view X Name lule1 154334139252 Namespace http fun NewOntol org v a a Rule FORALL concept concept10 concepts Textual Edit Diagram Rule Textual view of a rule in its Entity Properties View Clicking on the button Textual Edit opens an editable text field where the F Logic representation of the rule can be modified RF Edit rule http www NewOnto1 org myRule x ORALL concepts conceptiO concept concept http ff WewOntol org Relation gt gt concept10 lt fffconcepk http ens New Gntol org autor and concept http rn WewOnbol org Relation gt gt concepts and concept Akt ens MewCGntol org Buch and concepta http fensa WewOntol org Relation gt 2conceptioy and conceptid http iww NewOntol o
40. rs at the end where the value node is located The comparators specify the semantics of the link These comparators are available lt gt lt 2 battery orovides snperage Choosing the comparator of an attribute connection If the comparator reads lt and the value reads 24 then the attribute edge of the diagram above reads If the battery provides amperage less than 24 5 4 6 Adding a Comparison Comparison edges simply express equality or inequality of two nodes They can be established via the Comparison button of the palette They are created in the same way as attribute or relation links but their label does not come from the ontology but from the set lt gt Is lt 2 Comparison edges are only valid in the body of a rule and thus specify additional conditions They can also be used to specify that two concept nodes actually represent the same instance 5 4 7 Specifying Head and Body Parts A rule always consists of conditions and conclusions The precondition is also called if section or body of the rule The conclusion is also called then part or head or the rule In order to specify a valid rule both parts are needed body and head Thus it is necessary to specify which diagram elements are part of the rule body and which are part of the rule head In the rule diagram head elements are displayed in green body elements are displayed in grey Relation or Attribute edges as well a
41. ry Bae Mew Concept i H regior 8 sales 213 Import Relations Rar E E Attributes 14 Export if Rules Delete Refactor Move Convert Subconcepts to Instances Convert Instances to Subconcepts L Queries Refresh diy Show in visualizer aa Generate Graph Representations de tal Menu Moving a concept With a click on the Move instruction the window where you select the target concept will open Alternatively you can drag and drop a concept to its new parent super concept or concept folder E Move concepts i x select target concept t price i me G price in CHF 8 price in EUR i 8 price in SEK H 0 product E region Remove inconsistent instance properties after move Cancel Move concepts dialog to choose the target concept The check box lets you choose whether inconsistent instance properties should be removed When moving a concept all its instances also move with it in the concept tree Since instances carry real values including values for inherited properties some of them might not be valid after the move By ticking the check box all obsolete property values will be removed otherwise they are retained which actually represents inconsistent instances with respect to the information from the ontology Neon
42. s Description de German representation Produkt for the concept product product region Sales price Produkt Region Vertrieb Preis 6 5 Creating Attributes car gt Auto Continent gt Kontinent gt Land country The main distinction between attributes and relations is the type of their values Attributes always have atomic values and thus are identical to OWL data type properties Relations always refer to instances and thus are equivalent to OWL object properties Attributes and relations are defined for concepts in an object oriented sense They are therefore created and modified in the context of a concept within the concept s Entity Property View 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 46 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 SC sales parkOr region 0 N IX Eh Ontology Navigator El b o E C Entity Properties view Xx 4 E Ea Blame Legion Bega http www NewOntod org i Concepts Namespace http www NewOntot org EAS price ef price in CHF e i i 8 price in EUR Attributes attribute Range rin max i 5 price in SEK hasMame string 0 M X EAS product EAS car 8 Audi 42 Je Audi 43 es Audi 44 El region bele continent IS country Ala Relation Range Min me E Attributes Properties attribut
43. s At first you will create domain concepts and arrange them in a subsumption hierarchy Afterwards attributes and relations will be added to the model and finally it will be completed with rules Of course this is not a strict sequence lots of iterations are normal The basic means for creating ontological knowledge is the schema perspective 3 1 Schema Perspective By default the Schema Perspective is split into four separate areas views e Ontology Navigator the tree representation in the top left e Entity Properties View top right e Instance View the list in the bottom left e Properties View to table in the bottom right 2007 O Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 22 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 5 Schema OntoStudio fos lol x File Edit Search Window Help ri j io je OntologyMavigator_X Entity Properties View 3 _ El NewOntologyProject_Test I MEN Tea 33 E a http www NewOntol org El Concepts Namespace http foww NewOnto1 org y e e Attributes O EEE Kochbuch string H Person i string Person2 B C Attributes Name Q Titel ISBN Relations 2 hat_Herausgeber Relation 33 schreibt_Buch hat_Autor Autor 3 hat_Autor hat_Herausgeber Herausgeber a Mappings E Queries Q_Autor Rules A Example Rule zl K E Relations instance view as O Y 0
44. s concept nodes can be moved from the body to the head and vice versa To do so select the element open the context menu and choose Toggle If Then section The element should change its color from grey to green or back Attribute value nodes predicated nodes and comparison arcs cannot be moved to the head of rules 5 4 8 Negations Sometimes it is necessary to express conditions that do not hold This can be done by selecting a rule element which must be in the body of the rule opening the context menu and choosing Toggle negation Negated elements are represented in red 5 4 9 The Palette Menu The editing tools for the GRE are provided in the palette menu 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 40 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 4 Palette Namespaces on Modules on Variables on AN Comparison AN Connection Mew Component C Attribute value P Predicate Menu Palette e Namespaces on Switches the presentation of the Namespace Prefixes on and off Namespaces are displayed for concept and property names and also for instances nodes e Modules on Switches the presentation of the Module Prefixes on and off Each F Logic Statement refers to a module Usually this information is not relevant because only one module is used In cases where e g information from more than one module is integrated this module information is very relevant
45. sic elements you can load a prebuilt demo ontology Demo_basic_model_cars_en oxml that you can find in the installation folder under examples oxml 6 1 First Steps Before starting with the actual modelling we must set up the environment properly e Start NeOn Toolkit with a click on the desktop icon or via the Windows start menu e Ontologies always reside within a so called ontology project To set up a new project select File gt New gt Project from the menu bar E 3 schema OntoStudio File Edit Search Window Help E ShiFE h k Project Close tbr ey Elasa All EHe ASIERA Creating a new project e Inthe New Project window select Ontology and then Ontology Development Project E GNew Project ii x Select a wizard lt gt Wizards Ontology Development Project ces Creating a new Ontology Development Project e Clicking on the Next button opens the window to create a new ontology project e Here enter the name cars as the project name You may of course enter an alternative name or the default one This example will use the project name cars e To create the project click on the Finish button Neon k E New Ontology Development Project x Ontology Development Project This wizard creates a new Ontology Development Project ga Project name crs Referenced ontologies E Add Remove s Create a
46. t 3 Namespace Handling The default namespace of an ontology will be used when creating new ontology objects and can be changed for each object individually later To change the default namespace for an ontology you can change it in the entity property view of the ontology after selecting the ontology in the ontology navigator Entity Properties view X Name Location Description de Entity Properties View of ontologies 3 8 Synonym View In the synonym editor you can add a list of synonyms for concepts e g to reuse them in a search scenario e g with SemanticMiner To open the Synonym View go to Window gt Show View gt Other gt OntoStudio gt Synonyms Ss A Concept motorcar automobile Flivwer hot rod subcompact 2007 O Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 30 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 Synonym View Select the concept you want to extend with synonyms in the Ontology Navigator the synonym view will update By clicking on the synonyms cell in the Synonym View an editor appears where new synonyms can be entered or existing synonyms can be edited 6 Edit synonyms a x Concept Car uf Synonyms Mnotorcar automobile Flivwer hot rod subcompact Synonym Editor 4 Visualizing Ontologies 4 1 Ontology Graph Visualize View The Ontology Graph Visualize View disp
47. t editor wndows views and perspectives e Show Mapping View The Mapping View is displayed e Show Entity Properties View The Entity Properties View is displayed e Preferences Opens the Eclipse standard preferences window Some additional entries for NeOn Toolkit are available such as for the FLogic editor language preferences Ontology visualizer or the query tool For a description of the other preferences refer to the Workbench user guide on the Eclipse web site cf http nelp eclipse org help32 index jsp Bapreferences OOOO ioj x type filter text General H eiei l Always run in background E FLogic Editor Graph Generation Keep next previous part dialog open El Help Show Heap Status Inference Server bo Language Preferences Ontovisualize Preference Query Tool single click P Select on hover Open mode Double click Open when using arrow keys Note This preference may not take effect on all views Restore Defaults Apply 2 ones The Preferences menu 2 5 6 The Help Menu Select Help gt About to get further information about NeOn Toolkit The following window shows the used NeOn Toolkit version with the build id the contact data of ontoprise and the relevant copyright information For further information follow the mentioned links 2007 O Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 14 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 i About
48. ted Project EU IST 027595 pro 3 References Found LY http tw ontoprise det providesvoltage MewOntologyProject 1 match https aww ontoprise de Ontostudio2 Obema product MewGntoloqgyProject 1 match O http iw ontoprise det providesAmperage Mew GntoloqyProject 1 match The Search Result dialog 2 5 5 The Window Menu The Window Menu is a standard Eclipse feature to manage the visual components of the IDE For a description of the menu entries refer to the Workbench user guide on the Eclipse web site cf http help eclipse org help32 index jsp Window Help Open Perspective Show View k Customize Perspective Save Perspective 45 Reset Perspective Close Perspective Close All Perspectives Navigation k AA Show Entity Properties View fet Show Mapping View Preferences The Window menu e Open Perspective Opens the selection menu for perspectives e Show View Opens the selection menu for different views e Customize Perspective Opens the window to customize the different views e Save Perspective S Opens the window to save the current perspective under the chosen name e Reset Perspective Deletes the preferences in the current perspective and restores the old preferences e Close Perspective Closes the activated perspective INeOn e Close All Perspectives Closes all perspectives e Navigation Allows switching between differen
49. ts betweent tA rB TC r rB rC rO The selection list of a predicate For every argument of the predicate a square appears on the top of the predicate These anchors serve to connect the predicate with the rest of the rule diagram By adding a connection between the anchor and other elements of the diagram such as instances or attribute values the arguments of the predicate are bound A complete list of the built in predicates is presented in the OntoBroker User Guide 5 4 5 Adding Relations or Attributes to the GRE Two concept nodes can be connected by a connection This connection represents a relation between instances of the respective concepts To establish such a relation select the Connection element from the palette menu and then click on the source and the target concept This introduces a new directed connection into the diagram The label of the connection can be changed to represent the actual semantics of the relation When selecting the label a drop down list appears containing all valid relations A relation is valid if the ontology defines the source Neon concept as the domain and the target concept as the range of this relation Of course inheritance is considered too when computing the list Attribute edges are created in exactly the same way as relations The only difference is that the target must be an attribute value node not a concept node Also attribute connections contain comparato
50. ual representation of the concept name in multiple languages The following table presents some examples for the different cardinalities of relations pin fox foun S 1 M1 exactly one value e g birth date O jt pone or one value husband 0 N ho value or optional number of values children Sa least one value required or optional number of values first name 3 4 Entity Properties View for Relations Relations are created within the context of a concept But they can be edited starting from the relation folder of the Ontology Navigator To open the Entity Properties View for a relation select the relation in the Ontology Navigator This properties view displays information about the relations All relations with the same name are displayed in one properties view A O SE Name 3as Author Namespace http ffeww NewOntolorg y Localrelations Domain Range min max symmetric Book Author 0 1 LJ transitive O x Reps EE ee IR Se ee SS SS SSE ee Description de v Inverse relations Doman O me inv Domain Hi Book writes Book Author x immi Im mail tih mi m mwmxv NL Hi Entity Properties View for relations 2007 O Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 26 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 Name of the relation Can be changed here All changes will be also displayed in the hierarchy of the Schema View Namespa
51. urce will be inserted into the project on which the import was applied e The Import window opens to select different import wizards Select the type of data for the import and confirm the appropriate procedure with Next 2007 Copyright lies with the respective authors and their institutions Page 16 of 48 NeOn Integrated Project EU IST 027595 Select Choose import source Select an import source tvpe Filter text General gt A as 1 Collocation Import Wizard i mi 31 Database Schema Import Wizard i m l Filesystem Import Wizard i a l Filesystem MetaData Import Wizard 2 Ontobroker Schema Import Wizard Outlook Import Wizard i al AL UML Import Wizard MebDAY Import Wizard o Back Mexk gt a Cancel The File Import View 2 7 1 Supported Import Formats Currently we support e Loading ontology files in different formats from the file system or a WebDAV server e Translating a database schema from a relational database management system into an ontology e Interpreting the folder structures and files from the file system as instances FileSystem MetaData Import Wizard Some of these features are only supported by the extended configuration of NeOn Toolkit and not in the basic version 2 7 2 File System Import For importing ontologies from the local file system the following input formats are available e F Logic Frame logic is a knowledge representat
52. ween regions Each region can be part of another region e g Germany is part of Europe e Select the region concept in the Ontology Navigator e Inthe Entity Property View of region enter partOf in the column Relation under the section Relations Choose region as the range of the relation The changes are stored automatically and now the new relation appears in the Relations folder of the OntologyNavigator e Relations are also inherited by sub concepts Verify this by checking the sub concepts continent and country To practice the creation of relations you could define this knowledge Neon e Region partOf gt region e Sales ofProduct gt product inRegion gt region e Price ofProduct gt product inRegion gt region 6 7 Setting up Instances Using the above steps we have now created an ontology i e a concept hierarchy with logical connections Instances are concrete entities of concepts e g Europe is an instance of the concept continent To create instances we use the Instance View It is shown below the Ontology Navigator window Instance View window e First choose the concept you want to instantiate in the Ontology Navigator here the concept continent e Click on the symbol Create a new instance in the header of the Instance View to create a new instance A new

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