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LogicLab User Manual

1. a FE ct x EA Project Definitions Resources Project J Programs Ea Fast Init Main 5 J Function blocks tt Schema 5 J Stati j Input variables l Local variables CJ Actions Exec Initialize J Transitions if NotEnabled ik NotRunning TH NotStopped ik Running J Functions Wait 5 Global variables CI Automatic variables E 1 0 variables 59 Onda quadra r period r tau e valueFilt f valueRef L Constants C Retain variables Tasks 1 1 6 1 PROJECT 3 Timed fa Fast 4 Background fa Main Boot Init I gie Projest x nr _ di 5 F Project 0 Definitions E Resources k 5 o iaa C TypeDefs S EI Structures MS LData r actual r max r min J Enumerations a J SubRanges SY untzi J Macro The Project panel contains a set of folders Project x Project 0 Definitions a Resources IE Configuration Modbus objects g EEPROM Parameters amp Status variables 5 Enums BIOS Parameters EA Menu amp RS 1 0 Mapping Alarms Help Program Function blocks Functions each folder contains Program Organization Units briefly POUs see Paragraph 5 1 of the type specified by the folder name Global variables itis further divided in Variables I O Variables Constants and Retain variables Each folder contains global variables of the type spe
2. General Graphic Editor Text Editors Language Directories Tools l Command eee Lis Arguments r l Menu string 2 Inthe Arguments text box type the arguments if any to be passed to the execut able command mentioned at step 1 They must be separated by a space 3 Enter in Menu string the name you want to give to the tool you are adding This is the string that will be displayed in the Tools menu 4 Press Add to effectively insert the new command into the suitable menu 5 Press OK to confirm or Cancel to quit For example let us assume that you want to add Windows calculator to the Tools menu Fill the fields of the dialog box as displayed General Graphic Editor Text Editors Language Directories Tools la Command CAWINDOWS system2 cale exe Fr Arguments Menu string Le rr Ladd fl Bole Modi Press Add The name you gave to the new tool is now displayed in the list box at the top of the panel ee ek amc a i a Bin ae ee a ae ea g sc Mes Command CAWINDOWS system 2 cale ene WIND OWS aystemae calc exe z Arguments e Menu string 2 ee And in the Tools menu as well Tools Help F 22 LogicLab user manual 4 1 4 2 MANAGING PROJ ECTS This chapter focuses on LogicLab projects A project corresponds to a PLC application and includes all the required elements to run that application on the
3. f Oacillos cope 9 2 3 REMOVING A VARIABLE If you want to remove a variable from the Oscilloscope select it by clicking on its name once then press the Del key 9 2 4 VARIABLES SAMPLING 9 2 4 1 NORMAL OPERATION Let us consider the following example Fa Fast E TusFilter Oscilloscope x E ne re TusFilter ens of B valu Binary count utputs 8 to 1 fbSplit 0 i an a COOC O ainps byte b oute t uN t ART __ TE b4 Mes kek 2 ce et et Be ice kets ost Sig ee ze Be b2 outho i Fa mE E 3 ee b3 oitti U Y erT ns ce d BEE n e a TET G D at b4 outt2 POLETE u S lt gt 108 LogicLab user manual lab The Oscilloscope manager periodically reads from memory the value of the variables However this action is carried out asynchronously that is it may happen that a higher priority task modifies the value of some of the variables while they are being read Thus at the end of a sampling process data associated with the same value of the x axis may actually refer to different execution states of the PLC code 9 2 4 2 TARGET DISCONNECTED If the target device is disconnected the curves of the dragged in variables get frozen until communication is restored 9 2 5 CONTROLLING DATA ACQUISITION AND DISPLAY The Oscilloscope includes a toolbar with several commands which can be used to control the acquisition process and the way data are displayed This paragraph fo
4. 11 1 5 2 STRUCTURING ELEMENT The declaration of a variable must be performed within the following program structuring element KEYWORD RETAIN CONSTANT Declaration 1 Declaration 2 Declaration N END VAR LogicLab user manual 169 11 1 5 3 KEYWORDS AND SCOPE Keyword Variable usage VAR Internal to organization unit VAR INPUT Externally supplied VAR OUTPUT Supplied by organization unit to external entities Supplied by external entities can be modified within organization unit Supplied by configuration via VAR_GLOBAL can be modified within organization unit VAR GLOBAL Global variable declaration VAR IN OUT VAR EXTERNAL The scope range of validity of the declarations contained in structuring elements is local to the program organization unit POU in which the declaration part is contained That Is the declared variables are accessible to other program organization units except by explicit argument passing via variables which have been declared as inputs or outputs of those units The one exception to this rule is the case of variables which have been declared to be global Such variables are only accessible to a program organization unit via a VAR EXTERNAL declaration The type of a variable declared in a VAR EXTERNAL must agree with the type declared in the VAR_GLOBAL block There is an error if any program organization unit attempts to modify the value of a variable that has been declared with
5. 5 3 5 3 1 5 3 2 5 4 54 1 52 5 4 3 5 4 4 se Bel BB 5 6 6 1 6 1 1 6 1 2 6 1 3 6 1 4 6 2 6 2 1 6 2 2 6 2 3 6 2 4 Distributing projects Project options Selecting the target device Working with libraries The library manager Exporting to a library I mporting from a library or another source Managing project elements Program Organization Units Creating a new Program Organization Unit Editing POUs Deleting POUs Source code encryption Variables Global variables Local variables Tasks Assigning a program to a task Task configuration Derived data types Typedefs Structures Enumerations Subranges Browsing the project object browser Searching with the Find in project command Working with LogicLab extensions Editing the source code Instruction List IL editor Editing functions Reference to PLC objects Automatic error location Bookmarks Structured Text ST Editor Creating and editing ST objects Editing functions Reference to PLC objects Automatic error location LogicLab user manual 26 27 28 28 28 30 31 33 33 33 34 35 36 37 37 43 44 44 45 45 45 47 49 50 52 52 61 63 65 65 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 67 67 6 2 5 6 3 631 6 3 2 633 6 3 4 6 3 5 6 3 6 6 3 7 6 3 8 6 3 9 6 3 10 6 3 11 6 4 6 4 1 6 4 2 6 4 3 6 4 4 6 4 5 6 4 6 6 4 7 6 4 8 6 5 6 5 1 6 5 2 6 5 3 6 5 4 6 5 5 6 5 6 6 5 7 6 5 8
6. Upload Sources Cancel LogicLab tries to open the connection and reports the test result Connection verified The connection with the target is available ok 24 LogicLab user manual 5 Confirm the operation Target list vi I SiaxProComm 0 1000 T TCPIF 10 0 0 222 12001 5000 0 Verify Connection Communication settings Upload Sources K Cancel When the application upload completes successfully the project is open for editing 4 3 SAVING THE PROJ ECT 4 3 1 PERSISTING CHANGES TO THE PROJECT When you make any change to the project for example you add a new Program Organi zation Unit you are required to save the project in order to persist that change To save the project you can select the corresponding item of the menu File or the Main toolbar wiley Edit view Project Debug Com E A New project PT A Open project Wiem project read only i Fe Save project a Save project Ag fl 4 3 2 SAVING TO AN ALTERNATIVE LOCATI ON When you do not want to or cannot for example because the file is read only overwrite the project file you may save the modified version of the project to an alternative loca tion by selecting Save project as from the File menu E File Edit View Project Debug Com EH A New project 1 le Open project E View project read only E Fz Save project i Save project 4s he I
7. oc N FBinstancename Calls function block pw 1 Returns from called program function or function block S A Evaluates deferred operation RET 11 2 3 CALLI NG FUNCTI ONS AND FUNCTI ON BLOCKS 11 2 3 1 CALLI NG FUNCTI ONS 180 Functions as defined in the relevant section are invoked by placing the function name in the operator field This invocation takes the following form LD 1 MUX 5 var 6 5yp 3 14 ST VRES Note that the first argument is not contained in the input list but the accumulator is used as the first argument of the function Additional arguments starting with the 279 if re quired are given in the operand field separated by commas in the order of their decla ration For example operator MUX in the table above takes 5 operands the first of which is loaded into the accumulator whereas the remaining 4 arguments are orderly reported after the function name The following rules apply to function invocation 1 Assignments to VAR_INPUT arguments may be empty constants or variables 2 Execution of a function ends upon reaching a RET instruction or the physical end of the function When this happens the output variable of the function is copied into the accumulator Calling Function Blocks Function blocks as defined in the relevant section can be invoked conditionally and un conditionally via the CAL operator This invocation takes the following form LD A LogicLab user manual ADD
8. 2 Definitions B PlcExample Project EH Programs Main E Function block maa a CJ Global vanacies 7 5 Automatic variables J 10 variables E Constants I Retain variables p Tasks LogicLab user manual 33 5 1 1 1 ASSIGNING A PROGRAM TO A TASK AT CREATION TIME When creating a new program LogicLab gives you the chance to assign that program to a task at the same time select the task you want the program to be assigned to from the list shown in the Task section of the New program window 5 1 2 EDITING POUS All the POUs of the project are listed in the Programs Function blocks and Functions folders in the Project tab of the Workspace bar The following procedure shows you how to edit the source code of an existing POU 1 Open the folder in the Project tab of the workspace that contains the object you want to edit by double clicking the folder name A Project Definitions EH Project Definitions PicE sample Project PleExample Project ey Prag pee Furiction blocks Main FE Functions Function blocks H Global variables Functions H eel Tasks Global variables feel Tasks 2 Double click the name of the object you want to edit The relative editor opens and lets you modify the source code of the POU EA Project A Definitions g PicExample Project ER Project Definitions PlcE xample Project Name 1 counter 24 J Programs
9. 6 6 6 6 1 6 6 2 6 6 3 6 6 4 6 6 5 6 6 6 Fadl Ti Bookmarks Ladder Diagram LD editor Creating a new LD document Adding Removing networks Labeling networks Inserting contacts Inserting coils Inserting blocks Editing coils and contacts properties Editing networks Modifying properties of blocks Getting information on a block Automatic error retrieval Function Block Diagram FBD editor Creating a new FBD document Adding Removing networks Labeling networks Inserting and connecting blocks Editing networks Modifying properties of blocks Getting information on a block Automatic error retrieval Sequential Function Chart SFC Editor Creating a new SFC document Inserting a new SFC element Connecting SFC elements Assigning an action to a step Specifying a constant a variable as the condition of a transition Assigning conditional code to a transition Specifying the destination of a jump Editing SFC networks Variables editor Opening a variables editor Creating a new variable Editing variables Deleting variables Sorting variables Copying variables Compiling Compiling the project Image file loading LogicLab user manual 67 67 68 68 68 69 70 70 70 71 71 71 71 72 72 72 72 73 74 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 17 71 79 79 79 80 81 81 83 84 85 87 87 87 VI 8 1 1 8 2 8 2 1 8 22 8 3 8 3 1 8 4 2d 9 1 1 9 1 2 9 1 3 9 1 4 9 1
10. Haan Wipes Check all Check none Other filters Name DK Location Target Name Li ainp i ainp i anpz i alnips li aout i aout i aout i aouta inp tf inp Fin tO inp tA inpl2 tal inp 13 Type Vanables Variables Vanables Variables Variables Variables Variables Variables Vanables Variables Variables Variables Vanables Variables Library All Wars type All Library Function Set of legal values Use Applies to _ Eancel Espot to library Variables Variables tf inp 14 ltf inp 15 mal os a Delete objects Completes the specification of a query on objects contained in libraries The value of this control is relevant only if the Symbol location filter is set to Library All librarynamel librarynamez2 All Shows objects contained in whatever library LibrarynameN Shows only the objects contained in the library named librarynameN All objects types LogicLab user manual 55 56 F Programs 7 Function Blocks iW Functions W Variables V User woes Operators Moland functia L cal vanailes Hasic byipes neskai Enecknane Other filters Name ok Location Library F Library i Ware type FT ia Lancel E fore ter liBra Delete objects Vars Type Function JF BitToByte F BitToword FF ByteT obit IF ByteT oword FEF TRIG i FED TF Pulse SER TR
11. Lode s12e S0h i 1 KByte Free code space YFFBOH i 511 KByte Data space 100004 i 64 KByte Free data pace FFF h 63 KByte Bit data space Oh i 0 KBytes Free bit data space Oh 1 EByte kiten data space Uh i 0 KBytes Pree riten data space Oh i 0 KByte MAING 2 warning 51303 Useless expression 1 warnings errors kl Build Findirproject Debug As you can see the information includes the name of the Program Organization Unit affected by the error the number of the source code line which procured the error whether it is a fatal error error or one that the compiler could work around warn ing the error code the error description 88 LogicLab user manual Refer to the appropriate section for the compiler error reference If you double click the error message in the Output bar LogicLab opens the source code and highlights the line containing the error Project l EF Project Definitions PlcExample Project Programs E Main MyProgram Function blocks J Functions GE J Global variables E Tasks Type Address A in UINT Auto Na An Output x A Generating unresolved completed Code size 50h i 0 KByte Free code space 7FFBOh 511 KByte Data space 10000h 64 KByte Free data space FFF6h i 63 KByte Bit data space Oh 0 KByte Free bit data space Oh 0 KByte Riten data space Oh 0 KBy
12. LogicLab User Manual LogicLab User Manual Revision 1 4 2011 06 10 Published by Axel S r l Via del Cannino 3 21020 Crosio della Valle VA Axel S r l 2010 All Rights Reserved LogicLab user manual sd tat 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 4 iis 1 1 6 1 1 7 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 524 322 3 3 3 31 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 5 3 6 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 3 1 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 3 Contents Overview The workspace The output window The status bar The document bar The watch window The library window The workspace window The source code editors Quick start Setup procedure Using the IDE A more complex example Using the environment Layout customization Toolbars Showing hiding toolbars Moving toolbars Docking windows Showing hiding tool windows Moving tool windows Working with windows The document bar The window menu Full screen mode Environment options Managing projects Creating a new project Uploading the project from the target device Saving the project Persisting changes to the project Saving to an alternative location Managing existing projects Opening an existing LogicLab project Editing the project Closing the project LogicLab user manual CO N N O UW WNYN NY FY FF e rr U UW W e e He U U U e e Ae o N N NF ae OD DO WO N N N N N w W U e O N N N UI Ul Ul N N NNN Ono OD O 5 11 5 12 5 135 5 1 4 5 2 Syl 5 22
13. Symbol Aaj Network grid color waj System Background network color 4 Tahoma Selection color Tempus Sans ITC Object calor Terminal Text color Times New Bomar Selected text color Times New Roman Baltic Error color Times New Roman CE Comment color wy T toe gt KI M Sia IT Daanan kaman olor Font dimension io w N X Cibran Text Editors Language You can change the language of the environment by selecting a new one from the list shown in this panel After selecting the new language press the Select button and confirm by clicking OK This change will be effective only the next time you start LogicLab General Graphic Editor Text Editors Language Directories Tools Default English el Select the program language You need to restart the program for the change to take effect Seles Tools You can add up to 16 commands to the Tools menu These commands can be associated with any program that will run on your operating system You can also specify arguments for any command that you add to the Tools menu The following procedure shows you how to add a tool to the Tools menu LogicLab user manual 21 1 Type the full path of the executable file of the tool in the Command text box Other wise you can specify the filename by selecting it from Windows Explorer which you open by clicking the Browse button
14. The project is opened in read only mode view project 4 4 3 CLOSING THE PROJ ECT 4 5 26 You can terminate the working session either by explicitly closing the project or by exiting LogicLab In both cases when there are changes not yet persisted to file LogicLab asks you to choose between saving and discarding them a Save current project 7 To close the project select the item Close project from the File menu LogicLab shows the Welcome page so that you can rapidly start a new working session DI STRI BUTI NG PROJ ECTS When you need to share a project with another developer you can send him her either a copy of the project file s or a redistributable source module RSM generated by Logi cLab In the former case the number of files you have to share depends on the format of the project file PLC single project file ppjs file extension the project file itself contains the whole information needed to run the application assuming the receiving developer has an ap propriate target device available including all source code modules so that you need to share only the ppjs file PLC multiple project file ppjx or ppj file extension the project file contains only the links to the source code modules composing the project which are stored as single files in the project directory You need to share the whole directory LogicLab user manual lab Alternatively you can generate a redistributable source mo
15. 0011 ADD 1 012 ST H CAM S Then click the Graphic trace button in the Debug toolbar Ea A green arrowhead appears next to the line number and the graphic trigger window pops up Not all the IL instructions support triggers For example it is not possible to place a trig ger at the beginning of a line containing a JMP statement 9 6 2 2 ADDI NG A VARI ABLE TO THE GRAPHI C TRI GGER WI NDOW FROM AN I L MODULE In order to get the diagram of a variable plotted you need to add it to the graphic trigger window To this purpose select a variable by double clicking it and then drag it into the Variables window The variable now appears in the Track column 4 ja UINT A UINT Auto MAIN 12 e H A AARAA TS LD a ADD b ST a LD Se ADD d ST c Cem oY ff J O00000000000000 Eb HHOODODDDODOODOO How Om WN The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect Once the first variable is dropped into a graphic trace the Graphic properties window is automatically shown and allows the user to setup sampling and visualization properties 144 LogicLab user manual lab 9 6 2 3 OPENING THE GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW FORM AN FBD MODULE Let us assume that you have an FBD module also containing the following instructions 4 m p Let us also assume that you want to know the values of c d and k just before the ST k instruction is executed Provided tha
16. 156 Description LogicLab checks if any changes have been applied since last compilation and compiles the project if this is the case Then it sends the target the compiled code LogicLab tries to establish a connection to the target Lets you set the properties of the connection to the target If the target device is connected lets you upload the img file Freezes resumes refreshment of the Watch window LogicLab user manual 10 1 7 SCHEME MENU Command Network gt New gt Top Network gt New gt Bottom Network gt New gt Before Network gt New gt After Network gt Label Object gt New Object gt Instance name Object gt Open source Auto connect Delete invalid connection Increment pins Decrement pins Enable EN ENO pins Object properties Description Adds a blank network at the top of the active LD FBD document Adds a blank network at the bottom of the active LD FBD document Adds a blank network before the selected network in the active LD FBD document Adds a blank network after the selected network in the active LD FBD document Assigns a label to the selected network so that it can be indicated as the target of a jump instruction Lets you insert a new object into the selected network Lets you assign a name to an instance of a function block that you have previously selected by clicking it once Opens the editor by which the selected object was created
17. 9 1 4 REFRESHMENT OF VALUES 9 1 4 1 NORMAL OPERATI ON Let us consider the following example Main E Medium Watch i E Value sumlQ2 0 771999 REAL k 32 UINT LogicLab user manual 101 The watch window manager reads periodically from memory the value of the variables However this action is carried out asynchronously that is it may happen that a higher priority task modifies the value of some of the variables while they are being read Thus at the end of a refreshment process the values displayed in the window may refer to dif ferent execution states of the PLC code 9 1 4 2 TARGET DISCONNECTED If the target device is disconnected the Va ue column contains three dots oo eae aes e i TA E main E Medium Watch we FEE ns T st in dium m blocks hema sti ns 9 1 4 3 OBJECT NOT FOUND If the PLC code changes and LogicLab cannot retrieve the memory location of an object in the Watch window then the Va ue column contains three dots Main EJ Medium Watch 1001 Er Sh h 0002 LD sumlQ2 0003 ADD vIQ2 Symbol 0004 ST sumIQ2 sumlQ2 1 134 REAL 0005 k 7 UINT 0006 LD sumW2 0007 ADD y2 0008 ST sumW2 0003 0010 O011 LD k 0012 ADD 1 0013 ST k 9014 If you try to add to the Watch window a symbol which has not been allocated LogicLab gives the following error message Main E medium Watch 000 a
18. 9 Programs 4 Ma J Function blocks Function blocks Functions C Functions H C Global variables 9 Global variables H Tasks Ei Tasks amp simple counter counter counter You may want to change the name of the POU 1 Openthe Object properties editor from the contextual menu which pops up when right clicking the POU name in the project tree alternatively select the correspond ent item in the Project menu 34 LogicLab user manual ER Project Define ooo Progetto PlcEsample E Programs Oar J Function Edit source 9 Funzioni Program properties 4 Global ve E Autor Duplicate program Lavo Gelete program Cons C Fetai Esport program to library HE ks 7 Tasks Copy name Ctrl C Crypt 2 Change the object name and confirm Object properties Object name MainProg Properties Description Type PROGRAM Code type SST Cancel Finally you can create a duplicate of the POU in this way 1 Select Duplicate from the contextual menu or the Project menu ER Project E Detntons E Pick sample Project E a Programs A Function Edit source Function Fy Program properties E Global vd E Autor Guplicate program I NWO v Delete program E Cons DD Reta Export program to library A Ee Task a es Copy name Crypt 5 1 3 DELETING POUS Follow this procedure to remove
19. MUX E E Click Object gt Instance name inthe Scheme menu or press the FBD properties button in the FBD toolbar to change the name of an instance of a function block 6 4 7 GETTING INFORMATION ON A BLOCK You can always get information on a block that you added to an FBD document by select ing it and then performing one of the following operations Click Object gt Open source in the Scheme menu or press the View source button in the FBD toolbar to open the source code of a block Click Object properties in the Scheme menu or press the FBD properties button in the FBD toolbar to see properties and input output pins of the selected block 6 4 8 AUTOMATIC ERROR RETRIEVAL The FBD editor also automatically displays the location of compiler errors To reach the block where a compiler error occurred double click the corresponding error line in the Output bar 74 LogicLab user manual lab 6 5 SEQUENTIAL FUNCTION CHART SFC EDITOR The SFC editor allows you to code and modify POUs using SFC i e Sequential Function Chart one of the EC compliant languages 6 5 1 CREATING A NEW SFC DOCUMENT See the creating and editing POUs section Paragraphs 5 1 1 and 5 1 2 6 5 2 INSERTING A NEW SFC ELEMENT You can apply indifferently one of the following procedures Click Object gt New in the Scheme menu then select the type of the new element action transition or jump Press the New step Add Transition
20. O Bit OY Input C Byte 8 bit Output Word 16 bit Memory 5 Double word 32 bit Data block Index a Select from the list that LogicLab shows you the memory area you want to use the tool automatically chooses the address of the first free memory location of that area 1 0 variable declaration Name Data type REAL Group Size No Datablock M D Subindex 0 Location 1 0 data block Base addr Description 5 2 1 4 EDITING A GLOBAL VARIABLE To edit the definition of an existing global variable 1 Open the folder in the Project tab of the workspace that contains the variable you want to edit egm Global variable H R Automatic variables Tee Analog out 3 di freeRunCounter i k F 9 1 0 variables Constants _ Retain variables FE Tasks 2 Double click the name of the variable you want to edit the global variables editor opens and lets you modify its definition TTP Schema 7 klnilner INT Auto Analog Ta Stati a lk J Functions e Wi alt a C Global variables 3 Automatic variables a Di Analog out 3 idi freeRunCounter fal J 1 0 Jauiables E CI Constants Retan variables If you just want to change the name of the variable LogicLab user manual 41 1 Open the Variable properties editor from the contextual menu which pops up when right clicking the variable name in the project tree alternatively
21. Varstype AN 4 Enter minimum and maximum values of the subrange New Subrange WATER TEMPERATURE CJ Min Value 0 Max Value Description ERE 5 Enter a meaningful description optional and confirm the operation New Subrange Name WATER_TEMPERATURE Type INT Lael Min Value J Mas Value Besciptori LogicLab user manual Programs _ Operators Basic types Functions _ Standard functions Basic types Variables Loreal vanables Basic types Basic types Basic types 51 5 4 4 2 EDITING A SUBRANGE The subranges of the project are listed under the Subranges folder In order to edit a subrange you just have to double click on its name md xea El Project E 0 PleEsample Definitions E E TypeDets UINTS_T GJ Structures B COMPLEX E Enumerations HYDROCARBON SubR anges Definitions St oe Macro 5 4 4 3 DELETING A SUBRANGE Follow this procedure to delete a subrange 1 Right click the subrange name and choose Delete from the contextual menu Project gt x Project amp Definitions E c PlcExample Definitions CJ TypeDefs amp UINTS_T E 2 Structures F COMPLEX 5 0 Enumerations HYDROCARBON 5 5 SubRanges g t CJ Maco Properties 2 Confirm your choice Delete the selected PLE Object EA i E Type Subrange Mame WATER TEMPERATURE 5 5 BROWSING THE PROJECT Projects m
22. f IL FED LD ST SFC Select one of the languages and type the name of the new action in the text box at the bottom of the dialog box Then either confirm by pressing OK or quit by clicking Cancel If you press OK LogicLab opens automatically the editor associated with the language you selected in the previous dialog box and you are ready to type the code of the new action Note that you are not allowed to declare new local variables as the module you are now editing is a component of the original SFC module which is the POU where local variables can be declared The scope of local variables extends to all the actions and transitions making up the SFC diagram 6 5 4 2 ASSIGNING AN ACTION TO A STEP When you have finished writing the code double click the step you want to assign the new action to This causes the following dialog box to appear SFC Action Properties Code F No code Code M ew action Comment ba From the list shown in the Code N box select the name of the action you want to execute if the step is active You may also choose from the list shown in the Code P Pulse box the name of the action you want to execute each time the step becomes active that is the action is executed only once per step activation regardless of the number of cycles the step remains active Confirm the assignments by pressing OK In the SFC schema action to step assignments are represented by letters on the step b
23. size W Word 16 bits size D Double word 32 bits size LogicLab user manual 171 3 index index This sequence of unsigned integers separated by dots specifies the actual position of the variable in the area specified by the location prefix Example Direct representation Description Swag Word starting from the first byte of the 7t element of memory datablock 4 ben hj First bit of the first byte of the 5 element of input set 0 Note that the absolute position depends on the size of the datablock elements not on the size prefix As a matter of fact MWw4 6 and MD4 6 begin from the same byte in memory but the former points to an area which is 16 bits shorter than the latter For advanced users only if the index consists of one integer only no dots then it loses any reference to datablocks and it points directly to the byte in memory having the index value as its absolute address Direct representation Description Word starting from the first byte of the 7 SMW4 6 element of datablock 4 in memory MW4 Word starting from byte 4 of memory Example VAR RETAIN CONSTANT XQuote DINT Enabling BOOL FALSE TorqueCurrent AT MW4 32 INT Counters ARRAY 0 9 OF UINT Limits ARRAY 0 3 0 9 END_VAR Variable xQuote is 32 bits long and it is automatically allocated by the LogicLab com piler Variable Enabling Is initialized to FALSE after target reset Variable TorqueCurrent is allocated
24. then press the eS Export to library button Delete objects Function Allows you to delete an object Select the object you want to delete then press the oe Delete object button Multi selection Multi selection is allowed for this mode Select all and Select none buttons are visible 5 5 1 3 USING OBJ ECT BROWSER FOR IMPORT Object browser is also used to support objects importation in the project from a desired external library Select Import object from library inthe Project menu then choose the desired library Debug Communication Tools Help New object gt Alt Enter F7 Import object from library Yg Library manager Macros Select target Options LogicLab user manual 59 Available objects In this mode you can list objects of these types Programs Function blocks Functions Variables User types These items can be checked or unchecked in Objects filter section to show or to hide the objects of the chosen type in the list Other types of objects Operators Standard functions Local variables Basic types can not be imported so they are unchecked and disabled Available operations IMMM aaa es Import objects is the only operation supported in this mode It is possible to import selected objects by clicking on Import objects button or by double clicking on one of the objects in the list Multi selection Multi selection is allowed for this mode
25. where the network is located Graphic languages are used to represent the flow of a conceptual quantity through one or more networks representing a control plan Namely in the case of function block dia grams FBD the Signal flow is typically used analogous to the flow of signals between elements of a signal processing system Signal flow in the FBD language is from the out put right hand side of a function or function block to the input left hand side of the function or function block s so connected 11 3 3 EVALUATION OF NETWORKS 11 3 3 1 ORDER OF EVALUATION OF NETWORKS The order in which networks and their elements are evaluated is not necessarily the same as the order in which they are labeled or displayed When the body of a program organiza tion unit POU consists of one or more networks the results of network evaluation within Said body are functionally equivalent to the observance of the following rules 1 No element of a network is evaluated until the states of all of its inputs have been evaluated 2 The evaluation of a network element is not complete until the states of all of its out puts have been evaluated 3 As stated when describing the FBD editor a network number is automatically as Signed to every network Within a program organization unit POU networks are evaluated according to the sequence of their number network N is evaluated before network N 1 unless otherwise specified by means of the execu
26. 3 SE INST TN1I LD 3 141592 ST INST5 TN2 CAL INST3 LD TNST5 0UTT ST VRES LD INS To OUTA olf vVALID This method of invocation is equivalent to a CAL with an argument list which contains only one variable with the name of the FB instance Input arguments are passed to output arguments are read from the FB instance through ST LD operations performed on operands taking the following form FBInstanceName IO var where Keyword Description FBInstanceName Name of the instance to be invoked IO var Input or output variable to be written read 11 3 FUNCTI ON BLOCK DI AGRAM FBD This section defines the semantics of the FBD Function Block Diagram language 11 3 1 REPRESENTATION OF LINES AND BLOCKS The graphic language elements are drawn using graphic or semi graphic elements as shown in the table below No storage of data or association with data elements can be associated with the use of connectors hence to avoid ambiguity connectors cannot be given any identifier Feature Example Lines TT Line crossing with connection Blocks with connecting lines and unconnected pins i LogicLab user manual 181 11 3 2 DIRECTION OF FLOW IN NETWORKS A network is defined as a maximal set of interconnected graphic elements A network label delimited on the right by a colon can be associated with each network or group of networks The scope of a network and its label is local to the program organization unit POU
27. 34E 12 or 1 34e 12 Real literals with exponents 1 0E 6 or 1 0e 6 1 234E6 or 1 234e6 2 11111111 256 decimal 2 11100000 240 decimal 8 377 256 decimal 8 340 240 decimal 16 FF or 16 ff 256 decimal 16 E0 or 16 e0 240 decimal Boolean FALSE and TRUE FALSE TRUE Base 2 literals Base 8 literals Base 16 literals 11 1 4 2 CHARACTER STRING LITERALS A character string literal is a sequence of zero or more characters prefixed and terminated by the single quote character The three character combination of the dollar sign followed by two hexadecimal digits Shall be interpreted as the hexadecimal representation of the eight bit character code Example Explanation va Empty string length zero A String of length one containing the single character A a String of length one containing the space character ae String of length one containing the single quote character 168 LogicLab user manual Example Explanation ude String of length one containing the double quote character SRSL String of length two containing CR and LF characters SOA String of length one containing the LF character Two character combinations beginning with the dollar sign shall be interpreted as shown in the following table when they occur in character strings Combination Interpretation when printed SS Dollar sign S Single quote SL Or 1 Line feed SN Or Sn Newline SP Or Sp Form feed page SR Or x Carriage return ST or t
28. 6 5 SORTING VARI ABLES You can sort the variables in the editor by clicking on the column header of the field you want to use as the sorting criterion a Name Type L zt Name Type Ac REAL o fyli ral I fregeRunGounter DINT Auto 1q valueFilt 2 Itau REAL hll 2 ner INT Auto 3 yalueRef REAL Ml oe piy pig TE eri REAL MI E 20 INS INT Auto er 5 period REAL Ha hal 5 klnilncr INT Auto i OT valueFilt REAL Mi 7 iner INT Auto E valueRet REAL MI a freeRunCounter DINT Auto 84 LogicLab user manual 6 6 6 COPYING VARIABLES The variables editor allows you to quickly copy and paste elements You can either use keyboard shortcuts or the Edit menu to access these features EJ view Project Debug Communication Variables Window Tools Help l eh SQ md seme we mis 2 HEE 1 freeRunCounter DINT Auto X Ep Global variables 2 liner INT Auto An A Cut Ctrl Name Typ 3 ke ki UINT Auto a 4 kinilner INT Auto An Ep f _ Copy Creo 1 freeRunCounter DINT reai eat away be B el Ctr 2 incr INT E tau REAL MD1 9 OF 3 oki IMT 7 valueFilt REAL MV Or iP win 8 yalueRef REAL MD1 10 Or Gy Findin project CileShitt F Te SIT Lil a taut EA SMD C ET Medun o5 period REAL Function blocks E tau Functions 7 valueFilt REAL LogicLab user manual 85 86 LogicLab user manual 7 COMPILING Compilation consists of taking the PLC source code
29. Delete from the contextual menu ER Project 5 Definitions al eo Pick xample Definitions El TypeDets e i Structures Properties CJ Enumeration cI a e SEER E Mec i 2 Confirm your choice Delete the selected PLC Object FE Type Typedef Name UINTS T Pe 5 4 2 STRUCTURES The following paragraphs show you how to manage structures 5 4 2 1 CREATING A NEW STRUCTURE Follow this procedure to create a new structure 1 Right click the Structures folder and choose New structure from the contextual menu LogicLab user manual 47 Er Project Ss Definitions o PicExample Definitions E TypeD efs UINTS_T tres New Structure be Macro 2 Type the name of the structure New Structure Hame COMPLE Description 3 Enter a meaningful description and confirm the operation New Structure a bane M Mame COMPLE Description Complex number are 5 4 2 2 EDITING A STRUCTURE The structures of the project are listed under the Structures folder In order to edit a structure for example to define its fields you have to double click on its name Project ra Project B 0 FlcE sample Definitions J TypeDefs UINTS_T J Structures Definitions Array Init value 5 4 2 3 DELETING A STRUCTURE Follow this procedure to delete a structure 1 Right click the structure name and choose Delete from the contextua
30. ENO BOOL END VAR END VAR When these variables are used the execution of the operations defined by the block are controlled according to the following rules 1 If the value of EN is FALSE when the block is invoked the operations defined by the function body are not executed and the value of ENO is reset to FALSE by the program mable controller system LogicLab user manual 183 2 Otherwise the value of ENO is set to TRUE by the programmable controller system and the operations defined by the block body are executed 11 3 4 2 JUMPS Jumps are represented by a Boolean signal line terminated in a double arrowhead The Signal line for a jump condition originates at a Boolean variable or at a Boolean output of a function or function block A transfer of program control to the designated network label occurs when the Boolean value of the signal line is TRUE thus the unconditional jump is a special case of the conditional jump The target of a jump is a network label within the program organization unit within which the jump occurs Symbol Example Explanation TRUE Labels gt Unconditional J ump om g x 2 Label 7 Conditional J ump D AND Labels gt Example Jump Condition Network ready l 11 3 4 3 CONDITIONAL RETURNS Conditional returns from functions and function blocks are implemented using a RETURN construction as shown in the table below Program execution is transferred back to the invoking entity whe
31. ES St be 0002 LD sumI02 0003 ADD vIQ2 Vase 0004 ST sumI02 6 19498 REAL 0005 0006 LD sumW2 0007 ADD v2 0008 ST sumW2 0003 0010 00ii LD k myg 2 A k symbol not found Can t add to watch 0014 3 9 1 5 CHANGING THE FORMAT OF DATA When you add a variable to the Watch window LogicLab automatically recognizes its type unsigned integer signed integer floating point hexadecimal and displays its value consistently Also if the variable is floating point LogicLab assigns it a default number of decimal figures However you may need the variable to be printed in a different format 102 LogicLab user manual To impose another format than the one assigned by LogicLab press the Format value button in the toolbar LINT Format G Signed C Float 0 Exadecimal Float format Number of decimal J rl 9 1 6 WORKING WITH WATCH LISTS You can store to file the set of all the items in the Watch window in order to easily restore the status of this debugging tools in a successive working session Follow this procedure to save a watch list 1 Click on the corresponding item in the Watch window toolbar Watch Sy RK Symbol Value ak 138 UINT A sumio2 349 656 REAL vIO2 0 007 REAL A sumWw2 2005 02 REAL VW2 0 034 REAL 2 Enter the file name and choose its destination in the file system Select watch list file Save in SoftPanelPle 32 amp Backup 4 bi
32. Insert reset coil i power rail Insert rising Insert positive transition sensing coil to the right edge contact power rail Insert falling Insert negative transition sensing coil to the right edge contact power rail 10 2 4 SFC TOOLBAR 162 Button Command Description Inserts a new step into the currently open SFC NEN SEED document Adds a new transition to the currently open SFC Add transition document Adds a new jump block to the currently open SFC Add jump document Adds a new pin to the selected divergent Add divergent pin transition Remove divergent Removes the rightmost pin from the selected pin divergent transition Add convergent Adds a new pin to the selected convergent pin transition Remove convergent Removes the rightmost pin from the selected pin convergent transition Add simultaneous Adds a new pin to the selected simultaneous divergent pin divergent transition Remove Removes the rightmost pin from the selected simultaneous ae Simultaneous divergent transition divergent pin Add simultaneous Adds a new pin to the selected simultaneous convergent pin convergent transition Remove simultaneous convergent pin Removes the rightmost pin from the selected simultaneous divergent transition SOU eT TE e e AG fe se gt Increases the distance between the two rightmost pins of the currently selected transition in o
33. Jac REAL MD60 20 2 Change the variable type either by editing the type name in the corresponding cell or by clicking on the button in that cell and select the desired type from the list that pops up Pee ep eet ib m we LogicLab user manual 81 Object browser Function blocks Basic types User Types Filters Name Symbol location All Library All Wars type Al Cancel 3 Edit the address of the variable by clicking on the button in the corresponding cell and entering the required information in the window that shows up Note that in the case of global variables this operation may change the position of the variable in the project tree EMER ETE ENE CE E 1 et LONN OnT Mii iia Variable address Automatic address Size O Bit Input C Byte 8 bit Output G Word 16 bit 7 Memory Double word 22 bit Data black Index Baa a 4 In the case of global variables you can assign the variable to a group by selecting it from the list which opens when you click on the corresponding cell This operation will change the position of the variable in the project tree eh etd es e BOOL Auto I CHORD Sr Lh T Ww lgc 7 MD60 20 12 9D INT Auto Analog out 3 oe Onda quadra Cycle 5 Choose whether a variable is an array or not if it is edit the size of the variable BOOL Auto No TRUE LAL See ST toe a i i a 82 Log
34. Object Variable LD object i Normal Negate i Contact Negative Positive Coil Set Reset Variable type fe Input Gitput Cancel LogicLab user manual 69 6 3 5 INSERTING COILS To insert new coils on the network apply one of the following options Press one of the coil buttons in the LD toolbar The new coil will be inserted and linked to the right power rail If other coils are already present in the network the new coil will be added in parallel with the previous ones Out Out Step Ste po 7 Drag a boolean variable on the network For example global variables can be taken from the Workspace window whereas local variables can be selected from the local vari ables editor A dialog box will appear requesting to indicate whether the variable should be inserted as a contact coil or variable Choose the appropriate coil type 6 3 6 INSERTING BLOCKS Operators functions and function blocks can be inserted into an LD network in the follow ing modes On the power link as contacts and coils Outside the power link to do so follow the indications as for the FBD blocks To insert blocks on the network apply one of the following options Select a contact connection or block then click Object gt New in the Scheme menu Select a contact connection or block then press the New block button in the FBD toolbar which causes a dialog box to appear listing all the objects of the proje
35. Se Se 2 LogicLab user manual 1 1 4 THE WATCH WINDOW The Watch window is one of the many debugging tools supplied by LogicLab Among the other debugging tools it is worth mentioning the Oscilloscope see Paragraph 9 2 trig gers and the live debug mode see Paragraph 9 4 i mm SS ER es se Lee Ey Symbol valie Type Loca mm CNT_1 ENABLE TRUE BOOL PLC FE PROVASTRU STRUTTURA PLC w REALE 0 564264 REAL PLC J INTERO INT PLC cnt_o CONTATORE PLC FF CONTATORE PLE mm ENABLE FALSE BOOL PLC mm RESET FALSE BOOL PLC COUNTER HINT PLC FE 1 CONTATORE PLE FE 2 CONTATORE PLC FF 3 CONTATORE PLE 1 1 5 THE LIBRARY WINDOW The Library window contains a set of different panels which fall into the categories ex plained in the following paragraphs You can choose the display mode by clicking the right button of your mouse In the View list mode each element is represented by its name and icon Instead a table appears in the View details mode each row of which is associated with one of the embedded elements The latter mode also displays the Type Operator Function and the description of each element If you right click one of the elements of this panel and you click Object properties from the dialog box then a window appears with further details on the element you selected input and output supported type
36. Select all and Select none buttons are visible 5 5 1 4 USING OBJ ECT BROWSER FOR OBJ ECT SELECTION Object browser dialog is useful for many operations that requires the selection of a single PLC object So Object browser can be used to select the program to add to a task to se lect the type of a variable to select an item to find in the project etc Available objects Available objects are strictly dependent on the context for example in the program as Signment to a task operation the only available objects are programs objects It is possible that not all available objects are selected by default Available operations O In this mode it is possible to select a single object by double clicking on the list or by click ing on the OK button then the dialog is automatically closed Multi selection Multi selection is not allowed for this mode Select all and Select none buttons are not visible 60 LogicLab user manual 5 5 2 SEARCHING WITH THE FIND IN PROJECT COMMAND The Find in project command retrieves all the instances of a specified character string in the project Follow the procedure to use it correctly 1 2 Click Find in project inthe Edit menu or in the Main toolbar File ES View Project Debug Communication Ta u Ao Ds Project Copy gil Frog Delete line Chri E El Cie IE Main P File Edit View Project Debug Communication Variables W cou EA a Se
37. Settings in the Communication menu of the LogicLab main window This causes the following dialog box to appear Device Link Manager Config v8 27 Curent selected protocol PODey Protocols Active Y Modbus Y ModbusTCP y PCDev Properties Activate Description PCE mul Protocol The elements in the list of communication protocols you can select from depend on the setup executable s you have run on your PC refer to your hardware provider if a protocol you expect to appear in the list is missing 2 Choose the appropriate protocol and make it the active protocol Device Link Manager Config v8 72 Ea Curent selected protocol PODey Protocols Active ModbusT CP WF PcDey Active Properties Description Modbus Protocol LogicLab user manual 91 3 Fill in all the protocol specific settings e g the address or the communication timeout that is how long LogicLab must wait for an answer from the target before displaying a communication error message Current selected protocol Modbus Protocals om HE S Modbus Modbus Config v8 13 W ModbusT CP w PCDey Communication Port cont Baudrate 30400 ka Frame settings Mo we Device Link Manager Config vB 2 Current selected protocol Modbus Protocals Active Active W ModbusTCP Y PCDey RS mode Description Modbus Protocol Protocol Modbus Address al C Jbus Time
38. Trigger list Type Module T MAINFBD Remove all 136 LogicLab user manual The interface window appears with value of variables and trigger counter updated as if it had not been closed Removing a trigger If you choose this option you completely remove the code both of the window manager and of its trigger To this purpose just open the Trigger list window select the record referred to the trigger window you want to eliminate and click the Remove button Trigger list Type Module T MAIMFBD Alternatively you can move the cursor to the line if the module is in IL or ST or click the block if the module is in FBD or LD where you placed the trigger Now press the Set Remove trigger button in the Debug toolbar Removing all the triggers Alternatively you can remove all the existing triggers at once regardless for which re cords are selected by clicking on the Remove all button Trigger list Type Module T MAIMFED 9 6 GRAPHIC TRIGGERS 9 6 1 GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW The graphic trigger window tool allows you to select a set of variables and to have them Sampled synchronously and to have their curve displayed in a special pop up window Sampling of the dragged in variables occurs every time the processor reaches the position i e the instruction if IL ST or the block if FBD LD where you placed the trigger 9 6 1 1 PRE CONDI TIONS TO OPEN A GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW No need for spe
39. VARI ABLES MENU Command Description Adds a new row to the table in the currently active editor if Insert PLC editor to the table of local variables if parameters editor to the table of parameters etc Deletes the variable in the selected row of the currently active Delete table G Opens a dialog box which lets you create and delete groups of roup variables 10 1 9 DEFINITIONS MENU Command Description Insert Enum Creates a new enumerated data type Insert gt Structure Creates a new structured data type Insert gt Subrange Creates a new subrange data type Insert gt Typedef Creates a new typedef data type 10 1 10 WINDOW MENU Command Description Displaces all open documents in cascade so that they rese completely overlap except for the caption The PLC editors area is split into frames having the same Tile dimensions depending on the number of currently open documents Each frame is automatically assigned to one of such documents Displaces the icons of the minimized documents in the bottom left hand corner of the PLC editors area Close all Closes all open documents Arrange Icons 10 1 11 HELP MENU Command Description Index Lists all the Help keywords and opens the related topic Context sensitive help Opens the topic related to the Context currently active window About Information on producers and version 158 LogicLab user manual 10 2 TOOLBARS REFERENCE In the following tables yo
40. Window Tools Help Communication Scheme Variables Window Tools Help FAs SB DAA co E Sais SR TAMAS co EB Ae agit s B PA FRODH I 15 E Ae aes amp a Fast a Fast Name Type Address Array Initvalue Ati Name Type Address Array Mt value Atl 2 fhFlipFlop FF_D Auto No i 2 fhFlipFlop FF_D Auto No 0 3 fhFilter TusFilter Auto No 0 3 fhFilter TusFilter Auto No 0 4 Split ByteTobit Auto No 0 4 Split ByteToBit Auto No 0 5 fhSplit 0 ByteToBit Auto No 0 5 fhSplit 0 ByteToBit Auto No 0 Square wave on output ET ERE Mr ble 16 LogicLab user manual 3 3 DOCKING WINDOWS 3 3 1 SHOWING HIDING TOOL WINDOWS The View gt Too windows menu allows you to show or hide a tool window for example the Output window FE File Edit KEN Protect Debug Communication Scheme Variables Window Tools Help ag cii Toolbars ri oo Gy SR MAHASZ ia B R 5 J X Tool windows ng Workspace Crh 7 Ta B Fullscreen Chile Ea Library CirleL o Grid Je Output N ChhA Poea _ 3 Asyne graphic window CtrleK EH Project Ai Definitions A Watch window Ctrl T Type Address pac Pract REE Pulse Alto 9 Programs 2 fhFlipFlop FF_D Auto ae 3 fhFilter TusFilter Auto nit s Main Fx ifhSplit ByteToBit Auto 29 Function blocks ES fhSplit 0 ByteToBit Auto t Schema Fa Stati E 0 Functions E J Global variables Tasks Square wave on output Period 10 ms walt4 eriod Output
41. and displays the relevant source code if the object is a program or a function or a function block this command opens its source code if the object is a variable or a parameter this command opens the corresponding variable editor if the object is a standard function or an operator this command opens nothing If checked enables autoconnection that is automatic creation of a logical wire linking the pins of two blocks when they are brought close Removes all invalid connections represented by a red line in the active scheme By default some operators like ADD MUL etc have two input pins however you may occasionally need to perform such operations on more than two operands This command allows you to add as many input pins as to reach the required number of operands Undoes the Increment pins command Adds the enable in enable out pins to the selected block The code implementing the selected block will be executed only when the enable in signal is true The enable out Signal simply repeats the value of enable in allowing you either to enable or to disable a set of blocks in cascade Shows some properties of the selected block if the object is a function or a function block displays a table with the input and output variables if the object is a variable or a parameter opens a dialog box which lets you change the name and the logical direction input output LogicLab user manual 157 10 1 8
42. are used FOR the FoR statement indicates that a statement sequence is repeatedly executed up to the END FOR keyword while a progression of values is assigned to the FOR loop control variable The control variable initial value and final value are expressions of the same integer type e g SINT INT Or DINT and cannot be altered by any of the repeated statements The FoR statement increments the control variable up or down from an initial value to a final value in increments determined by the value of an ex pression this value defaults to 1 The test for the termination condition is made at the beginning of each iteration so that the statement sequence is not executed if the initial value exceeds the final value WHILE the WHILE statement causes the sequence of statements up to the END_WHILE keyword to be executed repeatedly until the associated Boolean expression is false If the expression is initially false then the group of statements is not executed at all 192 LogicLab user manual REPEAT the REPEAT statement causes the sequence of statements up to the UNTIL keyword to be executed repeatedly and at least once until the associated Boolean condition is true EXIT the EXIT statement is used to terminate iterations before the termination condi tion is satisfied When the EXIT statement is located within nested iterative constructs exit Is from the innermost loop in which the EXIT is located that is control passes t
43. attached to the top of the step The directed link s out of the step can be represented by a vertical line attached to the bottom of the step Representation Description StepName Step graphical representation with direct links LogicLab does not set any constraint on the maximum number of steps per SFC Step flag The step flag active or inactive state of a step can be represented by the logic value of a Boolean variable xxx x where xxx is the step name This Boolean variable has the value TRUE when the corresponding step is active and FALSE when it is inactive The scope of step names and step flags is local to the program organization unit where the steps ap pear LogicLab user manual Representation Description Step flag step Name x TRUE when Step Name x is active FALSE otherwise Users cannot assign a value directly to a step state 11 6 1 2 INITIAL STEP The initial state of the program organization unit is represented by the initial values of its internal and output variables and by its set of initial steps i e the steps which are initially active Each SFC network or its textual equivalent has exactly one initial step An initial step can be drawn graphically with double lines for the borders as shown below For system initialization the default initial state is FALSE for ordinary steps and TRUE for initial steps LogicLab cannot compile an SFC network not containing exactly one initial step Repr
44. be used to replace the single data value of variable A by the current value of vari able B if both were of type INT LogicLab user manual 189 ab Examples a b assignment PCV PCV 1 3 assignment Co gt SINt X assignment with function invocation FUNCTION SIMPLE FUN REAL variables declaration function body SIMPLE FUN a b c END_FUNCTION assigning the output value to a function 11 5 2 2 FUNCTION AND FUNCTION BLOCK STATEMENTS Semantics Functions are invoked as elements of expressions consisting of the function name fol lowed by a parenthesized list of arguments Each argument can be a literal a variable or an arbitrarily complex expression Function blocks are invoked by a statement consisting of the name of the function block instance followed by a parenthesized list of arguments Both invocation with formal ar gument list and with assignment of arguments are supported RETURN function and function block control statements consist of the mechanisms for invoking function blocks and for returning control to the invoking entity before the phys ical end of a function or function block The RETURN statement provides early exit from a function or a function block e g as the result of the evaluation of an IF statement Syntax 1 Function dst_var function_name argl arg2 argN 2 Function block with formal argument list instance_name var ini t argl var_in2 a
45. by the green arrowhead How ever you can set controls in order to have variables refreshed only when triggers satisfy the more limiting conditions you define Note that the value of the variables in column Symbol is read from memory just before the marked instruction in this case the instruction at line 5 and immediately after the previous instruction the one at line 4 has been performed Thus in the above example the second ST statement has not been executed yet when the new value of a is read from memory and displayed in the trigger window Thus the result of the second ST a is 1 9 5 1 6 TRI GGER WI NDOW CONTROLS 124 This paragraph deals with the trigger window controls which allows you to better super vise the working of this debugging tool to get more information on the code under scope Trigger window controls act in a well defined way on the behavior of the window regard less for the type of the module either IL or FBD where the related trigger has been inserted All controls except the Accumulator display are not accessible until at least one variable is dragged into the Variables window Window controls are made accessible to users through the grey top half of the debug window Trigger n 0 at MAIN S T Ac Condition None Trigger For 7 After LogicLab user manual This control is used to start a triggering session If system is triggering you can click this button to force stop Oth
46. changes 6 5 6 ASSIGNING CONDITIONAL CODE TO A TRANSITION This paragraph explains how to specify a condition through a piece of code and how to assign it to a transition LogicLab user manual 77 6 5 6 1 WRITING THE CODE OF A CONDITION Start by opening an editor following one of these procedures Click Code object gt New transition in the Scheme menu Right click on the name of the SFC POU in the Workspace window then select the New transition command from the context menu that appears In either case LogicLab displays a dialog box similar the one shown in the following pic ture x Cancel Languages f IL FED Lo ST SFC Note that you can use any language except SFC to code a condition Select one of the languages and type the name of the new condition in the text box at the bottom of the dialog box Then either confirm by pressing OK or quit by clicking Cancel If you press OK LogicLab opens automatically the editor associated with the language you selected in the previous dialog box and you can type the code of the new condition Note that you are not allowed to declare new local variables as the module you are now editing is a component of the original SFC module which is the POU where local variables can be declared The scope of local variables extends to all the actions and transitions making up the SFC diagram 6 5 6 2 ASSIGNING A CONDITION TO A TRANSITION When you have fin
47. er L Find in project he Bookmarks Go to line 001 gh Find Ctr F 0 This causes the following dialog box to appear Find in project Location All vi Filters Program Varnables User Types Function blocks Description Function Types Match whole word only Match case In the Find what text box type the name of the object you want to look for Find in prgject E HE Find what ren Find Location All v Filters IM Program Objects filter Name Type Programs Operators GF BitToByte Functions 7 Function Blocks TF BitToword 7 Functions Standard functions i ByteT oBit GF ByteToword TF F_TRIG FFD Check all Check none TF Puse I Variables Local vanables 7 User types 1 Basic types Other filters Name Location Library i WordT oBit i WordT oByte Library basic Wars type All gt Cancel OK LogicLab user manual Functions Function blocks Functions Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function block Function blocks Function blocks 61 62 3 Otherwise click the Browse button to the right of the text box and select the name of the object from the list of all the existing items Find in project x Location al mM Filters Program Vanables User Tynes Fun
48. in the memory area of the target device and it takes 16 bits starting from the first byte of the 33 element of datablock 4 Variable Counters IS an array of 10 independent variables of type unsigned integer 11 1 5 8 DECLARING VARIABLES IN LOGI CLAB Whatever the PLC language you are using LogicLab allows you to disregard the syntax above as it supplies the Local variables editor the Global variables editor and the Param eters editor which provide a friendly interface to declare all kinds of variables 11 1 6 PROGRAM ORGANI ZATION UNITS 172 Program organization units are functions function blocks and programs These program organization units can be delivered by the manufacturer or programmed by the user through the means defined in this part of the standard Program organization units are not recursive that is the invocation of a program organi zation unit cannot cause the invocation of another program organization unit of the same type LogicLab user manual 11 1 6 1 FUNCTI ONS Introduction For the purposes of programmable controller programming languages a function is de fined as a program organization unit POU which when executed yields exactly one data element which is considered to be the function result Functions contain no internal state information i e invocation of a function with the Same arguments input variables VAR_INPUT and in out variables VAR_IN_OUT always yields the same values out
49. interpolated sin TH eysesetinterpMonoPle Function Resets an interpolated single asis mo i eysSleep Function Puts the current task in the sleeping JF ysStartinterphtiono Function Starts ar interpolated single axis mov TF 2ysStartlnterpMonoPle Function Starts an interpolated single asis roy Ja eye argetinterpMonoPle Function Vertes if the target of an interpolated TH sv aitlnterpMono Function Waits until the end of an interpolated ar Ei Operator and standard Blocks Targetvarjables Target blacks i basic 1 1 5 4 INCLUDED LI BRARY PANELS The panels described in the preceding paragraphs are usually always available in the Li brary window However other panels may be added to this window one for each library included in the current LogicLab project For example the picture above was taken from a LogicLab project having two included libraries basic pll and thermmodel pll see also Paragraph 4 7 Mame Type Description o f BitToByte Function Compose a byte From amp bits TF BitToWord Function Compose a word From 16 bits TF BybeT obit Function block Split a byte into bits J ByteToWord Function Compose a word From 2 bytes Function block Falling edge detector Function block F REEN and standard blocks STEEL WEEE basic 4 thermmodel 4 LogicLab user manual 1 1 6 THE WORKSPACE WINDOW The Workspace window consists of three distinct panels as shown in the following picture Proje
50. it to w bl SHL TO_UINT b2 8 11 7 2 POINTERS 200 Pointers are a special kind of variables which act as a reference to another variable the 1pointed variable The value of a pointer is in fact the address of the pointed variable in order to access the data stored at the address pointed to pointers can be dereferenced Pointer declaration requires the same syntax used in variable declaration where the type name is the type name of the pointed variable preceded by a sign VAR lt pointer name gt lt pointed variable type name gt END VAR For example the declaration of a pointer to a REAL variable shall be as follows VAR px REAL END_VAR A pointer can be assigned with another pointer or with an address A special operator ADR is available to retrieve the address of a variable px py px and py are pointers to REAL that is vari ables of type REAL px ADR x x 1S a variable of type REAL px x is an alternative notation for ADR The operator is used to dereference a pointer hence to access the pointed variable px ADR x px 3 141592 the approximate value of pi is assigned to x pn ADR n n pn 1 n is incremented by 1 Beware that careless use of pointers is potentially dangerous indeed pointers can point to any arbitrary location which can cause undesirable effects LogicLab user manual
51. maintained in SFC element connections that is two steps are never directly linked they are always separated by a transition two transitions are never directly linked they are always separated by a step When the clearing of a transition leads to the activation of several steps at the same time the sequences to which these steps belong are called simultaneous sequences After their Simultaneous activation the evolution of each of these sequences becomes independent In order to emphasize the special nature of such constructs the divergence and conver gence of simultaneous sequences is indicated by a double horizontal line The clearing time of a transition may theoretically be considered as short as one may wish but it can never be zero In practice the clearing time will be imposed by the PLC implementation several transitions which can be cleared simultaneously will be cleared Simultaneously within the timing constraints of the particular PLC implementation and the priority constraints defined in the sequence evolution table For the same reason the duration of a step activity can never be considered to be zero Testing of the successor transition condition s of an active step shall not be performed until the effects of the step activation have propagated throughout the program organization unit in which the step is declared LogicLab user manual 197 lab Sequence evolution table This table defines the syntax and seman
52. manual 11 5 1 4 OPERATORS OF THE ST LANGUAGE Operation Symbol Precedence Parenthesization lt expression gt HIGHEST Function evaluation lt fname gt lt arglist gt Negation Complement NOT Exponentiation Multiply Divide Modulo MOD Add Subtract i Comparison A 5 2S SS Equality Inequality lt gt Boolean AND AND Boolean Exclusive OR XOR Boolean OR O LOWEST 11 5 2 STATEMENTS IN ST All statements comply with the following rules they are terminated by semicolons unlike IL a carriage return or new line character is treated the same as a space char acter LogicLab does not set any constraint on the maximum length of statements ST statements can be divided into classes according to their semantics 11 5 2 1 ASSIGNMENTS Semantics The assignment statement replaces the current value of a single or multi element variable by the result of evaluating an expression The assignment statement is alSo used to assign the value to be returned by a function by placing the function name to the left of an assignment operator in the body of the function declaration The value returned by the function is the result of the most recent evaluation of such an assignment Syntax An assignment statement consists of a variable reference on the left hand side followed by the assignment operator followed by the expression to be evaluated For in stance the statement A B would
53. objects of the currently open project File View Maesa Debug Communication Tools Help A E c New object PLC Object properties Alt E nter Object Browser he e a FE z Pi FH Compile FF Jie FEER E i ei Recompile all Ep Generate redistributable source module Import object from library Available objects In this mode you can list objects of these types Programs Function Blocks Functions Variables User types These items can be checked or unchecked in Objects filter section to show or to hide the objects of the chosen type in the list Other types of objects Operators Standard functions Local variables Basic types can not be browsed in this context so they are unchecked and disabled Available operations Export to library Delete objects Select all LogicLab user manual Allowed operations in this mode are Open source default operation for double click on an item Opens the editor by which the selected object was created PENGEN and displays the relevant source code If the object is a program or a function or a function block this button opens the relevant source code editor fice If the object is a variable then this button opens the variable editor Select the object whose editor you want to open then click on the Open source button Export to library Function To export an object to a library Select the objects you want to export
54. only downwards Therefore if you want to return to a upper step from a lower one you cannot draw a logical wire from the latter to the former A special type of block exists called Jump which lets you implement such a transition A Jump block is logically equivalent to a step as they have to always be separated by a transition The only effect of a Jump is to activate the step flag of the preceding step and to activate the flag of the step it points to Representation Description Jump JMF logical link to the destination step 11 6 2 TRANSITIONS 11 6 2 1 DEFINITION A transition represents the condition whereby control passes from one or more steps preceding the transition to one or more successor steps along the corresponding directed link The transition is represented by a small grey square across the vertical directed link The direction of evolution following the directed links is from the bottom of the predeces sor step s to the top of the successor step s 11 6 2 2 TRANSITION CONDITION Each transition has an associated transition condition which is the result of the evaluation of a single Boolean expression A transition condition which is always true is represented by the keyword TRUE whereas a transition condition always false is symbolized by the keyword FALSE A transition condition can be associated with a transition by one of the following means Representation Description TRUE By placing the appropriate Boole
55. or not All these debugging tools basically allow the developer to watch the value of selected vari ables while the PLC application is running LogicLab debugging tools can be gathered in two classes Asynchronous debuggers They read the values of the variables selected by the devel oper with successive queries issued to the target device Both the manager of the de bugging tool that runs on the PC and potentially the task which is responsible to an swer those queries on the target device run independently from the PLC application Thus there is no guarantee about the values of two distinct variables being sampled in the same moment with respect to the PLC application execution one or more cycles may have occurred for the same reason the evolution of the value of a single variable is not reliable especially when it changes fast Synchronous debuggers They require the definition of a trigger in the PLC code They refresh simultaneously all the variables they have been assigned every time the proces sor reaches the trigger as no further instruction can be executed until the value of all the variables is refreshed As a result synchronous debuggers obviate the limitations affecting asynchronous ones This chapter shows you how to debug your application using both asynchronous and syn chronous tools WATCH WINDOW The Watch window allows you to monitor the current values of a set of variables Being an asynchronous too
56. pore or less than Inputs Same ae Selects one of Inputz2 Any but BOOL InputN depending on the MUX 3 Yes selected Any Any value of Input1 which acts Input as a zero based index LogicLab user manual 177 Comparison functions Type conversion functions have the form x TO xx or TO xx where is the type of the input variable and the type of the output variable e g DINT TO INT Or TO REAL Nr Input data Output Name Function operands types data types Any but Returns TRUE if Input1 GT 2 Yes BOOL Any BOOL Input2 InputN but BOOL otherwise FALSE Any but Returns TRUE if Inputl GE 2 Yes BOOL Any BOOL Input2 InputN but BOOL otherwise FALSE Any but Returns TRUE if Inputl EQ 2 Yes BOOL Any BOOL Input2 InputN but BOOL otherwise FALSE Any but Returns TRUE if Inputl LE 2 Yes BOOL Any BOOL Input2 InputN otherwise but BOOL FALSE Any but Returns TRUE if Inputl LT 2 Yes BOOL Any BOOL Input2 InputN otherwise but BOOL FALSE Any but NE 5 BOOL Any but BOOL Returns ae If Inputl BOOL Input2 otherwise FALSE 11 2 INSTRUCTION LIST IL This section defines the semantics of the IL Instruction List language 11 2 1 SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS 11 2 1 1 SYNTAX OF IL INSTRUCTIONS IL code is composed of a sequence of instructions Each instruction begins on a new line and contains an operator with optional modifiers and
57. tH Schema F Stati J Functions J Global variables J Automatic variables di freeRunCounter k J Analog out 3 ary me 3 1 0 variables Symbol IEA E or press the F8 key Project X Watch ER Project E Definitions r es g peple Project a E Programs FU Fast Init E Main fa Local variables i cnt i fbSchema TF fbStati J Function blocks 1 Schema i Stati 4 J Functions I Global variables J Automatic variables di freeRunCounter 9 Analog out 3 E 9 1 0 variabl kA m E m LogicLab user manual 9 1 2 5 ADDING A VARIABLE FROM THE WATCH WINDOW TOOLBAR You can also click on the appropriate item of the Watch window inner toolbar in order to add a variable to it watch o Be Ey oe b Symbol Value Type sumi 67 1034 REAL You shall type or select by browsing the project symbols the name of the variable and its location where it has been declared Add item to watch window Location M edium 9 1 3 REMOVING A VARIABLE If you want a variable not to be displayed any more in the Watch window select it by clicking on its name once then press the Del key 2 LS ey se ee Symbol mm INP2 FALSE BOL global mm INPE TRUE BOL global Location BL global watch x is EU Fe Symbol value Type Location mm MNF FALSE BOL global mm INP TRUE Bm global
58. target device including its source code links to libraries informa tion about the target device and so on The following paragraphs explain how to properly work with projects and their elements CREATING A NEW PROJECT To start a new project click New project inthe File menu of the LogicLab Main window The same command is available in the Main toolbar and if no project is open in Logi cLab s Welcome page This causes the following dialog box to appear Mew project Project Name Directory C Documents and Settings Default User Desktop Target s lection Select the target for a new project Options Case sensitive C You are required to enter the name of the new project in the Name control The string you enter will also be the name of the folder which will contain all the files making up the LogicLab project The pathname in the Directory control indicates the default location of this folder Target selection allows you to specify the target device which will run the project Finally you can make the project case sensitive by activating the related option Note that by default this option is not active in compliance with IEC 61131 3 standard when you choose to create a case sensitive project it will not be standard compliant When you confirm your decision to create a new project and the whole required informa tion has been provided LogicLab completes the operation creating the project dire
59. the Oscilloscope toolbar o scilloscope x HA ARAARA s n Sa If you want to measure a time interval between two events you just have to move one bar to the point in the graph that corresponds to the first event and the other to the point that corresponds to the second one Oscilloscope x BER A SKE AAO anje SE kd i i ONA AE NER s AAT ms div gt 2000 00 Time diff 12456 14 ms y ty I 2 22978e 006 2 24978e 006 a rsv dy Time diff 12456 14 ms You can use a measure bar also to read the value of all the variables in the Oscilloscope at a particular moment move the bar to the point in the graph which corresponds to the instant you want to observe Oscilloscope HA AXA AA E L a gt T i mefdiv 1000 00 Time diff 12951 63 ms 2 24167e 006 LogicLab user manual lab In the table below the chart you can now read the values of all the variables at that par ticular moment 4 9 2 5 6 OSCILLOSCOPE SETTI NGS You can further customize the appearance of the Oscilloscope by clicking on the Graph properties item in the toolbar is sin SE In the window that pops up you can choose whether to display or not the Background grid the Time slide bar andthe Track list Oscilloscope settings Show grid p Sample p Show time bar Horizonte Show tracks list Buffer siz 9 2 6 CHANGING THE POLLING RATE LogicLab periodically sends queries to the target device in order to read the d
60. warning 0 errors otherwise correct the errors and compile again Download the code by means of the appropriate toolbar command PLC is now running on VPLC1 You can see the LogicLab bottom bar indicating Source ok Connected SOURCE OK CONNECTED Open the Watch window through the View menu then select the variable in the text editor with a double click and drag and drop it into the Watch window The Watch window should display the value of the Counter variable which should increment continuously LogicLab user manual 2 3 HE Name Type Address Array Init value Attrib 1 counter INT Auto No 0 simple counter ezm counter 1 Symbol COUNTER You are at the end of this very simple but complete edit compile download debug work ing session with LogicLab Further steps you should take in order to acquire a deeper knowledge of the tool include the use of the other languages function amp function blocks global variables libraries real time debugging and so on Refer to the following sections of this manual to obtain the necessary information A MORE COMPLEX EXAMPLE In the SampleProjects Sample subdirectory of your LogicLab installation you can find a more complex VPLC1 example which offers an overview of IEC 61131 3 languages To open the project use the File Open project menu option and open VPLC1Samp le ppjs or select it from Example projects list in the welcome page L
61. windows col umn then press 0K The name of the variable is now printed in the Track column LogicLab user manual MANLDELS nm The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect Once you have added to the Graphic watch window all the variables you want to ob serve you can press again the Normal cursor button so as to restore the original shape of the cursor Once the first variable is dropped into a graphic trace the Graphic properties window Is automatically shown and allows the user to setup sampling and visualization properties 9 6 2 7 OPENING THE GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN ST MODULE Let us assume that you have an ST module also containing the following instructions 0001 0002 a h Bh 0003 c SHEY a 16 04 1 0004 0005 d e g O006 f SHR d 16 04 1 0007 Let us also assume that you want to know the value of e qa and f just before the in struction f f SHR d 16 04 is executed To do so move the cursor to line 6 Then click the Graphic trace button in the Debug toolbar ea A green arrowhead appears next to the line number and the Graphic trigger window pops up LogicLab user manual 149 xl Cn SHAR FAB AXO F S2H Ct 065535 Stop Up down logic on analog output 3 009 aout3 aout3 incr IF aout3 gt 2047 THEN incr TO INT vall 1 ELSIF aout3 lt 2048 THEN incr TO INT vall END IF
62. 11 11 1 11 1 1 ILI 11 1 3 11 1 4 11 15 11 1 6 11 2 11 21 i 11 2 3 11 3 131 11 3 2 11 3 3 11 3 4 11 4 11 4 1 Debugging with the graphic trigger window LogicLab reference Menus reference File menu Edit menu View menu Project menu Debug menu Communication menu Scheme menu Variables menu Definitions menu Window menu Help menu Toolbars reference Main toolbar FBD toolbar LD toolbar SFC toolbar Project toolbar Network toolbar Debug toolbar Language reference Common elements Basic elements Elementary data types Derived data types Literals Variables Program Organization Units Instruction List IL Syntax and semantics Standard operators Calling Functions and Function blocks Function Block Diagram FBD Representation of lines and blocks Direction of flow in networks Evaluation of networks Execution control elements Ladder Diagram LD Power rails LogicLab user manual 143 153 153 153 154 154 155 156 156 157 158 158 158 158 159 159 160 161 162 163 164 164 165 165 165 165 166 168 169 172 178 178 179 180 181 181 182 182 183 185 185 VII VIII 11 4 2 11 4 3 11 4 4 11 4 5 11 5 11 5 1 11 5 2 11 6 11 6 1 11 6 2 11 6 3 11 7 11 7 1 172 Link elements and states Contacts Coils Operators functions and function blocks Structured Text ST Expressions Statements in ST Sequential Funct
63. 4006 Finally you may also quickly adapt the scale of the horizontal axis the vertical axis or both to include all the samples by clicking on the corresponding item of the toolbar Oscilloscope x Oscilloscope x BHA Bsa AK oi SE BHA Rea AAD elo SE ms div 2000 00 ms div 16596 23 1721e 006 737214006 O 1510 18 SSS F 112 LogicLab user manual lab 9 2 5 3 VERTICAL SPLIT When you are watching the evolution of two or more variables you may want to split the respective tracks For this purpose click on the Vertical split item in the Oscillo scope toolbar D scilloscope x HHR AeA AAO o gt amp o scilloscope x HAR Beco KAO els oa msfdiv 2000 00 msfdiv 2000 00 2 339119e 006 2 35119e 006 9 2 5 4 VIEWING SAMPLES If you click on the Show samples item in the Oscilloscope toolbar the tool highlights the single values detected during data acquisition Oscillascape x Baan HHO b A me div 2000 00 You can click on the same item again in order to go back to the default view mode Oscilloscope x ANA kas kao si fg Sa msfdiv 200 00 LABER MARE ELNA MALE BE 2 231888 006 00000000 2 233886 006 LogicLab user manual 113 lab 9 2 5 5 TAKING MEASURES 114 The Oscilloscope includes two measure bars which can be exploited to take some meas ures on the chart in order to show and hide them click on the Show measure bars item in
64. 5 9 1 6 9 2 9 2 1 9 2 2 9 2 3 9 2 4 9 2 5 9 2 6 9 2 7 9 3 9 4 9 4 1 9 4 2 9 4 3 9 4 4 9 5 9 5 1 9 5 2 9 6 9 6 1 Compiler output Compiler errors Command line compiler Launching the application Setting up the communication Saving the last used communication port On line status Connection status Application status Downloading the application Controlling source code download Simulation Debugging Watch window Opening and closing the watch window Adding items to the watch window Removing a variable Refreshment of values Changing the format of data Working with watch lists Oscilloscope Opening and closing the oscilloscope Adding items to the oscilloscope Removing a variable Variables sampling Controlling data acquisition and display Changing the polling rate Saving and printing the graph Edit and debug mode Live debug SFC animation LD animation FBD animation IL and ST animation Triggers Trigger window Debugging with trigger windows Graphic triggers Graphic trigger window LogicLab user manual 88 88 90 91 91 93 93 93 93 94 94 96 97 97 97 98 101 101 102 103 104 105 106 108 108 109 115 116 117 118 119 119 120 120 120 120 126 137 137 9 6 2 10 10 1 10 1 1 10 1 2 10 1 3 10 1 4 10 1 5 10 1 6 10 1 7 10 1 8 10 1 9 10 1 10 10 1 11 10 2 10 2 1 10 2 2 10 2 3 10 2 4 10 2 5 10 2 6 10 2 7
65. Analog output 0 analog inp 0 analog inp 1 ea sinpl ainpl SFC state logic fbStati enab inp10 run inpll stop inpl2 Not all the ST instructions support triggers For example it is not possible to place a trig ger on a line containing a terminator such aS END_IF END_FOR END_WHILE etc 9 6 2 8 ADDING A VARIABLE TO THE GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN ST MODULE In order to get the diagram of a variable plotted you need to add it to the Graphic trig ger window To this purpose select a variable by double clicking it and then drag it into the Variables window that is the lower white box in the pop up window The variable now appears in the Track column e e Auto MAINST 6 SNE eae sn eg SE The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect Once the first variable is dropped into a graphic trace the Graphic properties window is automatically shown and allows the user to setup sampling and visualization properties 9 6 2 9 REMOVING A VARIABLE FROM THE GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW If you want to remove a variable from the Graphic trigger window select it by clicking its name once then press the Del key 9 6 2 10 USING CONTROLS 150 This paragraph deals with graphic trigger window controls which allow you to better Supervise the working of this debugging tool so as to get more information on the code under scope Enabling controls When you set a t
66. B Fares cf tot J Furesore Jal DOS LL J by Cabal vend NE caress cic aa acini a uall EGE oie Mi mome I ipin owt i Araig kO E bon g Ban SER m been e g Gran j ff oo F mari m fF E ian d an i m boo a Eei a i ices a E ain es boos Bane ri E n a aiii Sic cae m oa a Bia a z micend a KU iiy x 1 Been e Preprocmais ite Piye For FESTE ca ots Cencphon Prepraceseana E iO oa Prepress 5 fr RES BER HT Br Araog luti Jra aig ia good Preprocanr ra mion T E TT IMT aaa 0 5 Araig ipii rer ag ipi warnange en a LT imiia reali Bomi 0 16 bal Pepa Stipe digas rout i Be Br elg aT Ti wahi ere i Eugin ipat prism chal nur Target axbenca tad p re OHT penno 1 Jra Teed Sypris bima bi SS pull cert otal inti 1i oO Tinn briar abies Daia lace grgdlable hoa user dat ey D wanes 0 arrar E a 1 2S ike Bade Poe dees Cee Feria alej Bonde ord imari Bees Target v ben imdad Pad LENE Pa a L EEE E A se ee Reedy BOTT kb a The status of the VPLC1 I O is available in LogicLab as the Target variables listed In the Library window With LogicLab connect to VPLC1 through the apposite button on the toolbar ir i j ic a x Press F7 or select the menu option Project Compile to compile the application Verify that the compilation ends with 0
67. CKS Click Increment pins inthe Scheme menu or press the Inc pins button in the FBD toolbar to increment the number of input pins of some operators and embedded func tions E m 4 Click Enable EN ENO pins in the Scheme menu or press the EN ENO button in the FBD toolbar to display the enable input and output pins MUK Click Object Instance name in the Scheme menu or press the FBD properties but ton in the FBD toolbar to change the name of an instance of a function block 6 3 10 GETTI NG I NFORMATI ON ON A BLOCK You can always get information on a block that you added to an LD document by selecting it and then performing one of the following operations Click Object gt 0pen source in the Scheme menu or press the View source button in the FBD toolbar to open the source code of a block Click Object properties in the Scheme menu or press the FBD properties button in the FBD toolbar to see properties and input output pins of the selected block 6 3 11 AUTOMATIC ERROR RETRI EVAL The LD editor also automatically displays the location of compiler errors To reach the block where a compiler error occurred double click the corresponding error line in the Output bar LogicLab user manual 71 The FBD editor allows you to code and modify POUs using FBD i e Function Block Dia gram one of the IEC compliant languages 6 4 1 CREATING A NEW FBD DOCUMENT See the Creating and editing POUs section Pa
68. D FUNCTION BLOCKS The state of the left link Is copied to the associated Boolean variable The inverse of the state of the left link is copied to the associated Boolean variable that is if the state of the left link is OFF then the state of the associated variable is ON and vice versa The associated Boolean variable Is set to the ON state when the left link is in the ON state and remains set until reset by a RESET coil The associated Boolean variable Is reset to the OFF state when the left link is in the ON state and remains reset until set by a SET coll The state of the associated Boolean variable is ON from one evaluation of this element to the next when a transition of the left link from OFF to ON is sensed The state of the associated Boolean variable is ON from one evaluation of this element to the next when a transition of the left link from ON to OFF is sensed The representation of functions and function blocks in the LD language is similar to the one used for FBD At least one Boolean input and one Boolean output shall be shown on each block to allow for power flow through the block as shown in the following figure timExe1 LogicLab user manual 187 11 5 STRUCTURED TEXT ST This section defines the semantics of the ST Structured Text language 11 5 1 EXPRESSI ONS An expression is a construct which when evaluated yields a value corresponding to one of the data types listed
69. FBD 3 0 3 ripe es Cnt 0 Condition Trigger O Symbol to add k Debug windows Watch Oscilloscope Trigger n 0 at MAINFBD 3 0 3 In order to display the variable k in the trigger window select its reference in the Debug windows column then press OK The name of the variable is now printed in the Symbol column LogicLab user manual 129 ek Ac Cri 53 Condition Ga None Trigger For L events Alter The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect Once you have added to the Graphic watch window all the variables you want to ob serve you can press the normal cursor button so as to let the cursor take back its original shape amp 9 5 2 6 OPENING A TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN LD MODULE Let us assume that you have an LD module also containing the following instructions You can place a trigger on a block such as follows ADD EN ENO 130 LogicLab user manual In this case the same rules apply as to insert a trigger in an FBD module on a contact 4 or a Coll In this case follow the SE instructions Let us also assume that you want to know the value of some variables every time the processor reaches network number 1 First you must click one of the items making up network number 1 Now you can click the Set Remove trigger button in the Debug bar Bi Alternatively you can press the F9 key In both cases the grey r
70. IG FFAS i SA FF TOF F TON FF ord obit FF WordT oByte LIE source F Functions Functions Function blocks Functions Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blacks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Select all select none Filters global variables and system variables also known as firmware variables according to their type Set of legal values All Normal Constant Retain All Shows all the global and system variables Normal Shows normal global variables only Use Constant Shows constants only Retain Shows retain variables only Applies to Variables Programs Function Blocks Functions W Variables User types Opierators Blandad fureian _ Libel Aare bles asic Wipes Other filters Name 0k Location All E Library Yars type hamal All Bind Constant Cancel l R etain tz Mame i lainp i ainp i aips i alnips i aout i aout i aout i aouta rip tr inp tef inp 10 tf inp inpl2 tl inp 13 tf inp 4 tA inp r k LIFE Source LogicLab user manual Type Venables Vanables Vanables Variables Vanables Variables Variables Variables Vanables Variables Variables Variables Vanables Variables Variables Variables Select all Select none Object list Hame TT te
71. Lab project to a new target device 1 Click Select target inthe Project menu of the LogicLab Main window This causes the following dialog box to appear Select target Available Targets Cancel 2 Select one of the target devices listed in the combo box 3 Click Change to confirm your choice Cancel to abort 4 If you confirm LogicLab displays the following dialog box This operation requires to save the project tf Continue the operation Press Yes to complete the conversion No to quit If you press Yes LogicLab updates the project to work with the new target It also makes a backup copy of the project file s in a sub directory inside the project directory so that you can roll back the operation by manually i e using Windows Explorer replacing the project file s with the backup copy 4 8 WORKING WITH LIBRARIES Libraries are a powerful tool for sharing objects between LogicLab projects Libraries are usually stored in dedicated source file whose extension is p 4 8 1 THE LIBRARY MANAGER Project library list hernove Remove all ral ReLIAt Close The library manager lists all the libraries currently included in a LogicLab project It also allows you to include or remove libraries 28 LogicLab user manual 4 8 1 To access the library manager click Library manager in the Project menu L INCLUDING A LIBRARY The following procedure shows you how to include a library in a
72. LogicLab project which results in all the library s objects becoming available to the current project Including a library means that a reference to the library s p file is added to the cur rent project and that a local copy of the library is made Note that you cannot edit the elements of an included library unlike imported objects If you want to copy or move a project which includes one or more libraries make sure that references to those libraries are still valid in the new location 1 Click Library manager in the Project menu which opens the Library manager dialog box 2 Press the Add button which causes an explorer dialog box to appear to let you select the p file of the library you want to open 3 When you have found the p file open it either by double clicking it or by press ing the Open button The name of the library and its absolute pathname are now displayed in a new row at the bottom of the list in the white box Project library list Link c program files HeMoVve Remove all 4 Repeat step 1 2 and 3 for all the libraries you wish to include 5 When you have finished including libraries press either OK to confirm or Cancel to quit 4 8 1 2 REMOVING A LIBRARY The following procedure shows you how to remove an included library from the current project Remember that removing a library does not mean erasing the library itself but the project s reference to it 1 Click Libra
73. Medium 8 VAR INPUT 2 i3 BOOL No FALE E E Function blocks E VAR_OUTPLT 0 g BOOL No FALE is Tt Scherma tad l Input variables i itf ie ia EF Output variables a S f of timRit E l Local variables ud elapsedT i pea iE J timAit it i2 Stati s FRR q Refer to the corresponding section in this manual for details see Paragraph 6 6 1 2 5 3 TASKS 5 3 1 ASSIGNING A PROGRAM TO A TASK Read the instructions below to know how to make a task execute a program 1 The tasks running on the target device are listed in the Project tab of the Work space window Right click the name of the task you want to execute the program and choose Add program from the contextual menu EF Project a Definitions PicE sample Project Programs Main Function blocks Functions C Global variables El Tasks Fast a F Init Add program Task properties 2 Select the program you want the task to execute from the list which shows up and confirm your choice Object browser Programs Filters Hame e uia Symbol location All a Library All Yars type ar 0 0 g 44 LogicLab user manual 3 The program has been assigned to the task as you can See in the project tree EA Project amp Definitions j CEO eS o u PleExanple Project J Programs Main Furiction blocks Furictions FE J Global variables Esl
74. N ENUMERATION Follow this procedure to delete an enumeration 1 Right click the enumeration name and choose Delete from the contextual menu NER Project amp Definitions 0 PleEsample Definitions E TypeDets UINTS_T E 9 Structures O HS COMPLEX z Enumeration Bee URO CA eed Fi SubRianges Properties C Macro 2 Confirm your choice Delete the selected PLE Object a Type Enumeration Name HYDROCARBON 5 4 4 SUBRANGES The following paragraphs show you how to manage subranges 5 4 4 1 CREATING A NEW SUBRANGE Follow this procedure to create a new subrange 1 Right click the Subranges folder and choose New Subrange from the contextual menu ER Project amp Definitions E 0 PleExarnple Definitions E TypeDets ok UINTE_T El Structures ER COMPLEX El Enumerations 4 HYDROCARBON EEE 0 Macro ae NE 2 Type the name of the subrange New Subrange Name WATER TEMPERATURE Type PE Min Value Max Value Description 50 LogicLab user manual 3 Select the basic type for the subrange New Subrange Name WATER_TEMPERATURE OL D Min Value Max Value pesmi OOOO OO Name WATER TEMPERATURE Type Min Value Objects filter Description Furction Blacks M User thpes V Basic types Check all Check none Other filters Name x locaton Library All
75. NIL ST Location has the format N1 Otherwise if ModuleName is in FBD LD it becomes Location NZ SBT BID N1 Instruction line number N2 network number BT block type operand function function block etc BID block identifier The Controls bar This dialog box allows you to better control the working of the graphic trigger window A detailed description of the function of each control is given in the Graphic trigger window controls section see 9 6 1 5 The Chart area The Chart area includes six items 1 Plot area containing the actual plot of the curve of the dragged in variables LogicLab user manual fab 2 Samples to acquire number of samples to be collected by the graphic trigger window manager 3 Horizontal cursor cursor identifying a horizontal line The value of each variable at the intersection with this line is reported in the column horz cursor 4 Blue cursor cursor identifying a vertical line The value of each variable at the inter section with this line is reported in the column left cursor 5 Red cursor same as blue cursor 6 Scroll bar if the scale of the x axis is too large to display all the samples in the Plot area the scroll bar allows you to slide back and forth along the horizontal axis The Variables window This lower section of the Debug window is a table consisting of a row for each variable that you have dragged in Every row has several fields which are described i
76. OR LogicLab includes a graphical editor for both global and local variables that supplies a user friendly interface for declaring and editing variables the tool takes care of the trans lation of the contents of these editors into syntactically correct IEC 61131 3 source code As an example consider the contents of the Global variables editor represented in the following figure Mame Type Address Group Array Init value Attribute I gA BOIL Auto No TRUE 7 Oi gE REAL Auto 0 4 Si 11 gC REAL Se MDEO 20 No 1 0 LogicLab user manual 79 The corresponding source code will look like this VAR GLOBAL gA BOOL TRUE gB ARRAY 0 4 OF REAL gC AT MD60 20 REAL 1 0 END_VAR VAR_GLOBAL CONSTANT gD INT 74 END_VAR 6 6 1 OPENING A VARI ABLES EDITOR 6 6 1 1 OPENI NG THE GLOBAL VARI ABLES EDITOR In order to open the Global variables editor double click on Global project tree Project x B Detiritione El peple Project J Programs E3 Function blocks E Functions E Tasks Mame freeRunCounter peple Project E Programs Fs Function blacks E Functions en lalobal arial pes E HH 1 0 variables 6 valueRef L Constants mr Retain variables klmmer re 6 6 1 2 OPENI NG A LOCAL VARI ABLES EDITOR DINT INT REAL REAL REAL REAL INT INT variables in the Auto Auto MD So MA MIDT MD Auto Auto To open a local variab
77. Pr Cline nrniert LogicLab asks you to select the new destination which must be an empty directory then saves a copy of the project to that location and opens this new project file for editing LogicLab user manual 25 4 4 MANAGING EXISTING PROJ ECTS 4 4 1 OPENING AN EXISTING LOGI CLAB PROJECT To open an existing project click Open project in the File menu of LogicLab s main window or in the Main toolbar or in the Welcome page when no project is open This causes a dialog box to appear which lets you load the directory containing the project and select the relative project file 4 4 2 EDITING THE PROJ ECT In order to modify an element of a project you need first to open that element by double clicking its name which you can find by browsing the tree structure of the project tab of the Workspace bar By double clicking the name of the object you want to modify you open an editor consist ent with the object type for example when you double click the name of a project POU the appropriate source code editor is shown if you double click the name of a global vari able the variable editor is shown Note that LogicLab prevents you from applying changes to elements of a project when at least one of the following conditions holds You cannot modify any object of the project if you are in debug mode You cannot edit an object of an included library whereas you can modify an object that you imported from a library
78. TH A PASSWORD You may want to protect the source code downloaded to the target device with a pass word so that LogicLab will not open the uploaded project unless the correct password is entered Open the Project options window Project gt Options menu and set the pass word Project info Code generation Debug Build events Project PLC sample max 10 chars Version 18 s r 1 0 autho John Doe sd Note Diane Enable Password Password jewwsooes ssid LogicLab user manual 95 You may opt to disable the password instead Project info Code generation Debug Build events Project PLC sample max 10 chars Version 16 s r 1 0 a 8 4 SIMULATION 96 Depending on the target device you are interfacing with you may be able to simulate the execution of the PLC application with LogicLab s integrated simulation environment SimuLab In order to start the simulation just click on the appropriate item on the Project toolbar File View Project Debug Communication Tools Tey Ley ey Se ot de Ey BE aA hy Project EF Project 0 Definitions Refer to SimuLab s manual to gain information on how to control the simulation LogicLab user manual 9 1 DEBUGGI NG LogicLab provides several debugging tools which help the developer to check whether the application behaves as expected
79. Tab 11 1 5 VARIABLES 11 1 5 1 FOREWORD Variables provide a means of identifying data objects whose contents may change e g data associated with the inputs outputs or memory of the programmable controller A variable must be declared to be one of the elementary types Variables can be represent ed symbolically or alternatively in a manner which directly represents the association of the data element with physical or logical locations in the programmable controller s input output or memory structure Each program organization unit POU i e each program function or function block contains at its beginning at least one declaration part consisting of one or more structur ing elements which specify the types and if necessary the physical or logical location of the variables used in the organization unit This declaration part has the textual form of one of the keywords VAR VAR INPUT Or VAR OUTPUT as defined in the keywords section followed in the case of VAR by zero or one occurrence of the qualifiers RETAIN NON_RE TAIN or the qualifier CONSTANT and in the case of VAR INPUT Or VAR OUTPUT by zero or one occurrence of the qualifier RETAIN or NON_RETAIN followed by one or more decla rations separated by semicolons and terminated by the keyword END_VAR A declaration may also specify an initialization for the declared variable when a programmable control ler Supports the declaration by the user of initial values for variables
80. Tasks El Tasks Fast E E t Slow Note that you can assign more than a program to a task From the contextual menu you can sort and eventually remove program assignments to tasks Remove program Here Move down Output 5 3 2 TASK CONFIGURATION Depending on the target device you are interfacing with you may have the chance to configure some of the PLC tasks settings 1 Tasks l Ek Add program SE g Select the Task configuration item in the contextual menu which pops up if you right click on the name of the task you want to configure g Task properties 2 Task configuration Task configuration In the Task configuration window you can edit the task execution period Set bask period Task period ms 1o 5 4 DERI VED DATA TYPES The Definitions section of the Workspace window lets you define derived data types 5 4 1 TYPEDEFS The following paragraphs show you how to manage typedefs LogicLab user manual 45 5 4 1 1 CREATING A NEW TYPEDEF In order to define a new typedef follow this procedure 1 Right click the TypeDefs folder and choose New TypeDef from the contextual menu Definitions E Project B 7 PIcE sample Definitions zyl kk A co Structure hal New TypeDef Enumeral Fa SubR anges Macro 2 Type the name of the typedef New Typedef tee EI JE
81. Variables must be declared within structuring elements using the following syntax VarNamel Typenamel InitialVall VarName2 AT Location2 Typename2 InitialVal2 1 VarName3 ARRAY 0 N OF Typename3 where Keyword Description Variable identifier consisting of a string of VarNameX alohanumeric characters of length 1 or more It is used for symbolic representation of variables Data type of the variable selected from elementary T x rail data types ee ee the variable assumes after reset of the LocationXx See the next paragraph Index of the last element the array having length N 1 N 11 1 5 7 LOCATION Variables can be represented symbolically i e accessed through their identifier or alter natively in a manner which directly represents the association of the data element with physical or logical locations in the programmable controller s input output or memory structure Direct representation of a single element variable is provided by a special symbol formed by the concatenation of the percent sign a location prefix and a size prefix and one or two unsigned integers separated by periods Slocation size index index 1 location The location prefix may be one of the following Location prefix Description I Input location Q Output location M Memory location 2 size The size prefix may be one of the following Size prefix Description X Single bit size B Byte 8 bits
82. a POU from your project 1 Open the folder in the Project tab of the workspace that contains the object you want to delete by double clicking the folder name LogicLab user manual 35 2 Right click the name of the object you want to delete A context menu appears re ferred to the selected object Project Definitions amp PlcExample Project 5 Programs te 9 Functic Edit source 9 Functie Program properties Global a Tasks Duplicate program Export program to library Copy name Ctrl C 3 Click Delete object in the context menu then press Yes to confirm your choice sp Delete the selected PLC Object n Type Program Name Main 5 1 4 SOURCE CODE ENCRYPTION You may want to hide the source code of one or more POUS LogicLab lets you encrypt POUs and protect them with a password To encrypt a POU perform the following steps 1 Right click the POU name in the project tree and choose Crypt from the contextual menu EA Project Definitions a PicE sample Project E 4 Programs Function Edit source Function Program properties E Global w E hae Duplicate program E i Delete program I Cons E Feta Export program to library Fa fae SEGS Copy name Crile Ceg T 2 Enter the password twice to avoid any problem which may arise from typos and confirm the operation Get password Password HOFFER Confirm password 36 LogicL
83. a ST statement it can be useful to know the value of the accumulator This allows you to forecast the outcome of the instruction that will be executed after all the variables in the trigger window have been updated To add the accumulator to the trigger window click on the Accumulator display button Defining a condition This control enables users to set a condition on the occurrences of a trigger By default this condition is set to TRUE and the values in the debug window are refreshed every time the window manager is triggered If you want to put a restriction on the refreshment mechanism you can specify a condi tion by clicking on the apposite button When you do so a text window pops up where you can write the IL code that sets the condition Trigger condition LD 4 GT 100 Once you have finished writing the condition code click the OK button to install it or press the Esc button to cancel If you choose to install it the values in the debug window are refreshed every time the window manager is triggered and the user defined condition is true A simplified expression of the condition now appears in the control Condition AGT 100 i LogicLab user manual 135 To modify it press again the above mentioned button d The text window appears containing the text you originally wrote which you can now edit To completely remove a user defined condition delete the whole IL code in the text win dow then
84. ab user manual lab To decrypt a POU right click the POU name in the project tree and choose Decrypt from the contextual Menu EA Project 4 D efinitions E Pick sample Project E Sy Programs Function Edit source Functions Program properties El Global ve E Autor Duplicate program LJ ov Delete program J Cons J Retai Export program to library H fee Task 7 igs Copy name Ctrl C LogicLab prompt you to enter the password You can choose to encrypt all the unencrypted POUs at once Bl Project Z Definitions M BERE FIE eee I 1 counter FlcExample Project l a E Sy Programe New object 4 H Main Import object from library Function block E Functions Crypt all objects f E CJ Global variable Decrypt all objects TJ Automatic vanables Hoca the same password applies to all objects 5 2 VARI ABLES There are two classes of variables in LogicLab global variables and local variables This paragraph shows you how to add to the project edit and eventually remove both global and local variables 5 2 1 GLOBAL VARI ABLES Global variables can be seen and referenced by any module of the project 5 2 1 1 CLASSES OF GLOBAL VARI ABLES Global variables are listed in the project tree in the Global variables folder where they are further classified according to their properties as Automatic variables Mapped vari ables Constants and Retain variables 5 2 1 2 Aut
85. ahelx INSERTING AND CONNECTING BLOCKS This paragraph shows you how to build a network Add a block to the blank network by applying one of the following options Click Object gt New in the Scheme menu Press the New block button in the FBD toolbar which causes a dialog box to appear listing all the objects of the project then choose one item from the list If the block is a constant a return statement or a jump statement you can directly press the relevant buttons in the FBD toolbar Drag the selected object to the suitable location For example global variables can be taken from the Workspace window whereas standard operators and embedded func tions can be dragged from the Libraries window whereas local variables can be se lected from the local variables editor Repeat until you have added all the blocks that will make up the network Then connect blocks Click Connection mode inthe Edit menu or press the Connection button in the FBD toolbar or simply press the space bar of your keyboard Click once the source pin then move the mouse pointer to the destination pin the FBD editor draws a logical wire from the former to the latter If you want to connect two blocks having a one to one correspondence of pins you can enable the autoconnection mode by clicking Autoconnect in the Scheme menu or by pressing the Autoconnect button in the Network toolbar Then take the two blocks drag them close to each other so as t
86. aised button containing the network number turns to green and a white circle with the number of the trigger inside appears in the middle of the button while the related trigger window pops up Trigger n 1 at MAINLD 1 CL 4 Cnt 0 Condition Trigger n 0 at MAINLD 2 0 3 z Cnt 0 Condition ntn taraset comnleted a Ivlarc I ASIN KaArne larl EYP Unlike the other languages supported by LogicLab LD does not allow you to insert a trigger into a single contact or coil as it lets you select only an entire network Thus the variables in the trigger window will be refreshed every time the processor reaches the beginning of the selected network 9 5 2 7 ADDING A VARIABLE TO A TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN LD MODULE In order to watch the value of a variable you need to add it to the trigger window Let us assume that you want to inspect the value of variable b in the LD code represented in the figure below To this purpose press the Watch button in the FBD bar The cursor will become as follows LogicLab user manual 131 Now you can click the item representing the variable you wish to be shown in the trigger window A dialog box appears listing all the currently existing instances of debug windows and asking you which one is to receive the object you have just clicked Trigger n 0 at MAINLD 1 Sele pte Chit Condition Trigger Symbol to add b Debug windows Watch Oscilloscope T
87. an be taken from the Workspace window whereas embedded functions can be dragged from the Librar 7es window whereas local variables can be selected from the local variables editor 6 2 4 AUTOMATIC ERROR LOCATION The ST editor also automatically displays the location of compiler errors To know where a compiler error has occurred double click the corresponding error line in the Output bar 6 2 5 BOOKMARKS You can set bookmarks to mark frequently accessed lines in your source file Once a book mark is set you can use a keyboard command to move to it You can remove a bookmark when you no longer need it 6 2 5 1 SETTING A BOOKMARK Move the insertion point to the line where you want to set a bookmark then press Ctri F2 The line is marked in the margin by a light blue circle 028 0029 0030 6 2 5 2 JUMPING TO A BOOKMARK Press F2 repeatedly until you reach the desired line 6 2 5 3 REMOVING A BOOKMARK Move the cursor to anywhere on the line containing the bookmark then press Ctr F2z 6 3 LADDER DIAGRAM LD EDITOR BiginpO Diginp gt LogicLab user manual 67 The LD editor allows you to code and modify POUs using LD i e Ladder Diagram one of the IEC compliant languages 6 3 1 CREATING A NEW LD DOCUMENT See the Creating and Editing POUs section Paragraphs 5 1 1 and 5 1 2 6 3 2 ADDING REMOVING NETWORKS Every POU coded in LD consists of a sequence of networks A network is de
88. an constant TRUE x FALSE adjacent to the vertical directed link 196 LogicLab user manual Representation Description iisiieme By declaring a Boolean variable whose value H determines whether or not the transition is cleared By writing a piece of code in any of the languages FrogName Supported by LogicLab except for SFC The result of the evaluation of such a code determines the transition condition The scope of a transition name is local to the program organization unit POU in which the transition is located 11 6 3 RULES OF EVOLUTION Introduction The initial situation of a SFC network is characterized by the initial step which is in the active state upon initialization of the program or function block containing the network Evolutions of the active states of steps take place along the directed links when caused by the clearing of one or more transitions A transition is enabled when all the preceding steps connected to the corresponding tran sition symbol by directed links are active The clearing of a transition occurs when the transition is enabled and when the associated transition condition is true The clearing of a transition causes the deactivation or resetting of all the immediately preceding steps connected to the corresponding transition symbol by directed links fol lowed by the activation of all the immediately following steps The alternation Step Transition and Transition Step is always
89. and automatically translating it into binary code which can be executed by the processor on the target device 7 1 COMPILING THE PROJ ECT Before starting actual compilation make sure that at least one program has been as Signed to a task When this pre condition does not hold compilation aborts with a meaningful error mes sage Output x error P2068 Ho task defined for the application 0 warnings 1 errors In order to start compilation click the Compile button in the Project toolbar E a Fog me z UE oy ren F c wel Ee cre ay Ha Fa yy Se pa pu m E L a z i z Le a a Alternatively you can choose Compile from the Project menu or press F7 on your key board ik view Debug Communication Variables Window Tools J a 4 Hew object fal Fi 13 m gram Ja De PLE Object properties Alt E nter F Example bats Object Browser INT FR Compile Muri Recompile all Function Ep Generate redistributable source module Note that LogicLab automatically saves all changes to the project before starting the compilation 7 1 1 IMAGE FILE LOADING Before performing the actual compilation the compiler needs to load the image file img file which contains the map of memory of the target device If the target is connected when compilation is started the compiler seeks the image file directly on the target Oth erwise it loads the local copy of the image file fr
90. ant to set a bookmark then press Ctri F2 The line is marked in the margin by a light blue circle 028 oo29 3 030 6 1 4 2 JUMPING TO A BOOKMARK Press F2 repeatedly until you reach the desired line 6 1 4 3 REMOVING A BOOKMARK Move the cursor to anywhere on the line containing the bookmark then press Ctr F2 6 2 STRUCTURED TEXT ST EDITOR IqDW sysIq sysIq addIqSq addIqgSq SHR IqDW 16 04 000 IdDW sysId sysId addIdSq addIdSq SHR IdDW 16 04 IF a gt b THEN 4 c a bec 01 z i The ST editor allows you to code and modify POUs using ST i e Structured Text one of the IEC compliant languages 0002 0003 0005 0006 0012 6 2 1 CREATING AND EDITING ST OBJECTS See the Creating and Editing POUs section Paragraphs 5 1 1 and 5 1 2 6 2 2 EDITING FUNCTIONS The ST editor is endowed with functions common to most editors running on a Windows platform namely Text selection Cut Copy and Paste operations Find and Replace functions Drag and drop of selected text Many of these functions are accessible through the Edit menu or through the Main tool bar 66 LogicLab user manual 6 2 3 REFERENCE TO PLC OBJECTS If you need to add to your ST code a reference to an existing PLC object you have two options You can type directly the name of the PLC object You can drag it to a suitable location For example global variables c
91. arctudhincks Taget vanes tlanded Pd es Preprocessing Module TARCET completed po oes sting apam rnd HATH cospi et ad Prep ea ancde coaplet Free scene ain 3 Pia paa p ed x 0 varniags 0 errors leloj Bull Fred non Debug J Remun m EDIT MODE NOT CONNECTED 3 In order to create a new project select the item New project from the menu File a Edit View Project Debug Communication Window Tools Ln A S a T Open project T De ae EE View project read only tos z Welcome fre be Welcome to t i i New a file LogicLab Open file Ez Close New project Options g Print Ctrl P amp Print preview L j Open project Printer Setup Exit 8 LogicLab user manual lab 4 Insert the new project name for example PIcExample and choose the destination folder then press OK VPLCI virtual target has been selected for this project Logi cLab s workspace looks now like in the picture shown at step 2 that is all operators and target variables are shown preprocessing status log has been printed in the output window Project Name PlcExample Directory L PrTraining s Target selection Select the target for a new project VPLCI 1 0 x Options Case sensitive 5 To add anew empty program to the project select New program from the menu Pro ject gt New object Debug Communication Tools Help New program New func
92. ata to be plotted in the Oscilloscope The polling rate can be configured by following this procedure 1 Click on the Graph properties item in the toolbar LogicLab user manual 115 lab 2 Inthe window that pops up edit the Sampling polling rate Oscilloscope settings Show grid Sample polling rate adL z mg Realrate 21 13 Show time bar Horizontal scale 1000 ma div Show tracks list Butter size 140000 samples 3 Confirm your decision Note that the actual rate depends on the performance of the target device in particular on the performance of its communication task You can read the actual rate in the Osci1 loscope settings window Sample polling rate 10 qj mg Real rate 11 31 Horizontal scale 1000 made Buffer size 40000 samples 9 2 7 SAVING AND PRINTING THE GRAPH LogicLab allows you to persist the acquisition either by saving the data to a file or by print ing a view of the data plotted in the Oscilloscope 9 2 7 1 SAVING DATA TO A FILE You can save the samples acquired by the Oscilloscope to a file in order to further analyze the data with other tools 1 You may want to stop acquisition before saving data to a file 2 Click onthe Save tracks data into file inthe Oscilloscope toolbar Bax su Sk 3 Choose between the available output file format osc is a simple plain text file con taining time and value of each sample OSCX is an XML file that includes more complete information whi
93. atus bar shows whether the debug mode is active or not DEBUG MODE CONNECTED Note that you cannot enter the debug mode if the connection status differs from Con nected 9 4 LIVE DEBUG LogicLab can display meaningful animation of the current and changing state of execution over time of a Program Organization Unit POU coded in any IEC 61131 3 programming language To switch on and off the live debug mode you may click on the corresponding item in the Debug toolbar Z exe or choose Live debug mode from the Project menu Damia Communication Variables Window Tools Help Add symbol to watch Fa F Add symbol to a debug window F10 Inserts new item into a debug window Shitt F 10 Quick watch symbol F11 me Add remove text trigger Fd El Add remove graphic trigger Shift F9 Be Remove all tiggers Ctrl Shift F 4 5 Trigger list Ctrl l fe Debug mode Ai Live debug mode le i i Up down 10 118 LogicLab user manual 9 4 1 SFC ANIMATION As explained in the relevant section of the language reference an SFC POU is structured in a set of steps each of which is either active or inactive at any given moment Once started up this SFC specific debugging tool animates the SFC documents by highlighting the active steps Animation OFF S soriwiel a am Animation ON TRUE ecrivive T ctrl D own In the left column a porti
94. ay grow huge hence LogicLab provides two tools to search for an object within a project the Object browser and the Find in project feature 5 5 1 OBJECT BROWSER LogicLab provides a useful tool for browsing the objects of your project the Object browser 52 LogicLab user manual Objects filter Name Type 7 Programs Operators FF ByteT obit Function blocks 7 Function Blocks ry EPET miale Fuirrelieris W Functions Standard furet F CreaParE stra DINT A Functions FT Wariahles Soe ee df CreaParExtraD INT_B Functions F CreaParExtraDINT_C Functions fFF TAIG Function blocks _ User woes Basic Wipes Check all Checkerare BG FET est Function blocks F FF_O Function blacks Bd Pulse Function blocks Other filters if F_TAIG Function blocks Name i DK F AS Function blocks F SA Function blocks Location All fa TBool LdSt Programs so j H T_Bool_Logic Prograris iba etl ent Gl T Cast Advanced Programs Ta T_Cast_BOOL Programs m LE Ie Ware type All Ta Cancel Export ta library Delete objects Open source This tool is context dependent this implies that the kind of objects that can be selected and that the available operations on the objects in the different context are not the same Object browser can be opened in these three main ways Browser mode Import object mode Select object mode User inte
95. bal variables 3 Automatic variables EF J Analog out 3 di freeRunCounter lui ki a Cg 1 0 var Variable properties J Consta Duplicate variable gt Retain Delete vartable E Tasks K Export variable to library ES Kupy name Ctrl C 3 Click Delete variable in the context menu then press Yes to confirm you choice sy Delete the selected PLC Object Type Variable Name kp 5 2 2 LOCAL VARIABLES Local variables are declared within a POU either program or function or function block the module itself being the only project element which can refer to and access them Local variables are listed in the project tree under the POU which declares them only when that POU is open for editing where they are further classified according to their class e g aS input or inout variables E L Function blacks EHH Schenia E HE Input variables tl i t i2 tF i3 E Output variables tF 01 E l Local variables ud elapsedT FE timh Ea Stati LogicLab user manual 43 In order to create edit and delete local variables you have to open the Program Organi zation Unit for editing and use the local variables editor Poet SSCS CE EE Project Definitions Class H Name Type Array Init El peple Project HH VAR timit TON No 0 9 Programs 2 VAR elapsedT UDINT No 0 T Figli Fast 3 VAR INPUT 0 i1 BOL Mo FALE coh 4 VYAR_INPUT 1 i2 BOAL Mo FALE
96. bar Removing all the triggers Alternatively you can remove all the existing triggers at once regardless for which re cords are selected by clicking on the Remove all triggers button LogicLab user manual 10 LOGI CLAB REFERENCE 10 1 MENUS REFERENCE In the following tables you can see the list of all LogicLab s commands However since LogicLab has a multi document interface MDI you may find some disabled commands or even some unavailable menus depending on what kind of document is currently active 10 1 1 FILE MENU Command New project Open project View project Save project Save project As Close project New text file Open file Save Close Options Print Print preview Print project Printer setup seP CCEN Cs Exit Description Lets you create a new LogicLab project Lets you open an existing LogicLab project Opens an existing LogicLab project in read only mode Same as Save all but it saves also the ppJ file Note that Since all modifications to a LogicLab project are first applied in memory only you need to release the Save project command to make them permanent Asks you to specify a new project name and a new location and saves there a copy of all the files of the project Asks you whether you want to keep unsaved changes then closes the active project Opens a blank new generic text file Opens an existing file whatever its extension The file is displayed in the text ed
97. bles passed to the FB via a VAR_ EXTERNAL construct can be modified from within the FB Specifies the operations to be performed upon the input variables in order to assign values to the output variables dependent on the function block s semantics and on the value of the internal variables It can be written in any of the languages supported by LogicLab Declaring functions in LogicLab Whatever the PLC language you are using LogicLab allows you to disregard the syntax above as it supplies a friendly interface for using function blocks 11 1 6 3 PROGRAMS 174 Introduction A program is defined in IEC 61131 1 as a logical assembly of all the programming lan guage elements and constructs necessary for the intended signal processing required for the control of a machine or process by a programmable controller system LogicLab user manual Declaration syntax The declaration of a program must be performed as follows PROGRAM lt program name gt Declaration of variables see the relevant section Program body END_PROGRAM Keyword Description Program Name Name of the program being declared Specifies the operations to be performed to get the Program body intended signal processing It can be written in any of the languages supported by LogicLab Writing programs in LogicLab Whatever the PLC language you are using LogicLab allows you to disregard the syntax above as it supplies a friendly interface for writing prog
98. bove figure you must move the cursor to network 3 and click the ADD block You can click the Set Remove trigger button in the Debug bar gt In both cases the color of the selected block turns to green a white circle with a number inside appears in the middle of the block and the related trigger window pops up or you can press the F9 key T 0003 4 ul b wll Tamme 128 LogicLab user manual lab When preprocessing FBD source code the compiler translates it into IL instructions The ADD instruction in network 3 is expanded to ID k ADD 1 ST K When you add a trigger to an FBD block you actually place the trigger before the first statement of its IL equivalent code 9 5 2 5 ADDI NG A VARI ABLE TO A TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN FBD MODULE In order to watch the value of a variable you need to add it to the trigger window Let us assume that you want to inspect the value of variable k of the FBD code in the figure below To this purpose press the Watch button in the FBD bar The cursor will become as follows Now you can click the block representing the variable you wish to be shown in the trigger window In the example we are considering click the button block k gt A dialog box appears listing all the currently existing instances of debug windows and asking you which one is to receive the object you have just clicked 4 fil Trigger n 0 at MAIN
99. cLab s workspace including many of its more com monly used components Workspace Source code aidan dilo Document bar Watch window Wer Frome Debug Communcabon preme Variaties nd Toot Ceveireer H Sgip thA AR HER ERE NOT Bak om E riren eE SREE Lie b to BE c Symbol Value Tyee a nN 1A Pulse Feo Tia djer DyeToba Faetont Ladder legic LbSchema 11 snp 2 a out Fbechews o1 Wig dewn legis m az Aniel a puti fin r aegt3 ie 2047 THEN wuts j i er TO INT valt 1 EH IF a Analog output asnaleg i Acar a ainpll ainpl SFC state logic Ga had ra ea ey Hame Tipe Address iF bret value Altriburte frecRunCouniee DIHT Auta iner iNT hiin poimi REAL MDI 11 Y lugFin REAL TAAIE inda quaira Ao tau REAL THD nda guara Ao cf X Liity x Preprocessing Gl ebel shared completed A i Tye ieman Poeqaeocewving Monu a pl etme Prepgracessinl basic completed Pune Abpokde value Funcien Alii Preprccessing race babe ed RE ere Reading yabo fila App licazinaL TRO IRC pym Fa ea plane hr k res alder le L Agoplicazioni EO LE syt aad ceaplebted EWE T roe dbenalah Function Acra ton Anctangend i iwim a S pfi Operator and standard bigcke Tagai vanebles Target blocks i bek Ghemmodel dosering 0 irene a ef Bud i Trdin poat Debug yesam al Output window Library window Status bar LogicLab user manual The following
100. ch can be further analyzed with another tool provided separately from LogicLab Oscilloscope XML files SOSCX Oscilloscope ML files OSC O cillos Fole files iS H 4 Choose a file name and a destination directory then confirm the operation 116 LogicLab user manual 9 2 7 2 PRINTING THE GRAPH Follow this procedure to print a view of the data plotted in the Oscilloscope 1 Either suspend or stop the acquisition Oscilloscope HEA kee Seo E med div 5000 00 2 Move the time slide bar and adjust the zoom in order to include in the view the ele ments you want to print x os Sm Oscilloscope DHM kee AAO e 3 Click onthe Print graph item Oscilloscope Heo Stee oa gt Ate 9 3 EDIT AND DEBUG MODE While both the Watch window and the Oscilloscope do not make use of the source code all the other debuggers do thus LogicLab requires the developer to switch on the debug mode where changes to the source code are inhibited before s he can access those debugging tools To switch on and off the debug mode you can click on the corresponding item in the De bug toolbar SE LogicLab user manual 117 Alternatively you can choose Debug mode from the Project menu Communication Variables Window Tools Help Add symbol to watch Fa Add symbol to a debug window FIO Inserts new item into a debug window Shift F 70 Quick watch symbol F11 lp JE Pour ooo The st
101. cial compilation All the LogicLab debugging tools operate at run time Thus unlike other programming languages such as C the compiler does not need to be told whether or not to support trigger windows given a PLC code the compiler s output is unique and there is no dis tinction between debug and release version Memory availability A graphic trigger window takes all the free memory space in the application code sector Obviously in order to start up a trigger window it is necessary that a sufficient amount of memory is available otherwise an error message appears LogicLab user manual 137 lab 9 6 1 2 GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW INTERFACE 138 Setting a graphic trigger causes a pop up window to appear which is called Interface window This is the main interface for accessing the debugging functions that the graphic trigger window makes available It consists of several elements as shown below 4 lt Caption bar lt Chart area eT Blue cursor Note Variables window The caption bar The Caption bar at the top of the pop up window shows information on the location of the trigger which causes the variables listed in the Variables window to be sampled The text in the caption has the following format ModuleName Location Where Name of program function or function block where the trigger was ModuleName placed Exact location of the trigger within module ModuleName If ModuleName IS I
102. cified by the folder name see Paragraph 5 2 Tasks this item lists the system tasks and the programs assigned to each task see Paragraph 5 3 1 1 6 2 DEFINITIONS The Definitions panel contains the definitions of all user defined data types such as structures or enumerated types 1 1 6 3 RESOURCES The contents of the Resources panel depends on the target device LogicLab is interfacing with it may include configuration elements schemas wizards and so on LogicLab user manual lab 1 1 7 THE SOURCE CODE EDI TORS The LogicLab programming environment includes a set of editors to manage edit and print source files written in any of the 5 programming languages defined by the IEC 61131 3 standard see Chapter 6 Name MarS i Name Type Address Array Init value NotEnabled 1 Schema Schema Auto No NatRuinnine AH 2 cnt INT Auto No ff 3 stati Stati Auto No Hil fbSchemaf il inp0 i2 inpl 13 1 outO bSchema ol Up down logic on analog output 3 aout3 aout3 incr IF aout3 gt 2047 THEN incr TO_LINT vall 1 ELSIF aout3 lt 2048 THEN incr TO INT vall END IF Analog output 0 analog inp 0 analoc ill Name timRit fbFilter O Titer ron outputs 8 to 15 fbSplit 0 The definition of both global and local variables is supported by specific spreadsheet like editors Name Type Address Grou p Array Initvalue Attribute De
103. click OK After the execution of the condition code the accumulator must be of type Boolean TRUE or FALSE otherwise a compiler error occurs Only global variables and dragged in variables can be used in the condition code Namely all variables local to the module where the trigger was originally inserted are out of scope if they have not been dragged into the debug window No new variables can be declared in the condition window 9 5 2 12 CLOSING A TRIGGER WINDOW AND REMOVING A TRIGGER This web page deals with what you can do when you finish a debug session with a trigger window You can choose between the following options Closing the trigger window Removing the trigger Removing all the triggers Notice that the actions listed above produce very different results Closing the trigger window If you have finished watching a set of variables by means of a trigger window you may want to close the Debug window without removing the trigger If you click the button in the top right hand corner you just hide the interface window while the window manager and the relative trigger keep working Trigger n 0 at MAINFED 1 0 4 T Ac Triggered Condition None Trigger For As a matter of fact if later you want to resume debugging with a trigger window that you previously hid you just need to open the Trigger list window to select the record referred to that trigger window and to click the Open button
104. compile it Compile the project trying to connect Compile the project without connecting Rebuild and download the project Generate GC headers in the destination file default Default h gt Generate the target variable track file Cdefault Default osec 3 Generate the global variable track File Cdefault Default osc gt Force the communication properties Force the target board type fused to download code without opening the project Perform download acknowledge request Rebuild the project trying to connect Rebuild the project without connecting Perform download without checking for updated source status Append the output to the destination File valid only with GT e GG flags Generate redistributable source file are Case sensitive LogicLab user manual 8 LAUNCHING THE APPLICATION In order to download and debug the application you have to establish a connection with the target device This chapter focuses on the operations required to connect to the tar get and to download the application while the wide range of LogicLab s debugging tools deserves a separate chapter see Chapter 9 8 1 SETTING UP THE COMMUNICATION In order to establish the connection with the target device make sure the physical link is up all the cables are plugged in the network is properly configured and so on Follow this procedure to set up and establish the connection to the target device 1 Click
105. ct then choose one item from the list If the block is a constant a return statement or a jump statement you can directly press the relevant buttons in the FBD toolbar Drag the selected object from the Workspace window the Libraries window or the local variables editor over the desired connection The two upper pins will be connected to the power link The EN ENO pins should be acti vated before the insertion 6 3 7 EDITING COILS AND CONTACTS PROPERTI ES The type of a contact normal negated or a coil normal negated set reset can be changed by one of the following operations Double click on the element contact or coil Select the element and then press the Enter key Select the element activate the pop up menu with the right mouse button then select Properties An apposite dialog box will appear Select the desired element type from the list presented and then press OK 70 LogicLab user manual 6 3 8 EDITING NETWORKS The LD editor is endowed with functions common to most graphic applications running on a Windows platform namely Selection of a block Selection of a set of blocks by pressing Shift Right button and by drawing a frame including the blocks to select Cut Copy and Paste operations of a single block as well as of a set of blocks Drag and drop All the mentioned functions are accessible through the Edit menu or through the Main toolbar 6 3 9 MODIFYING PROPERTIES OF BLO
106. ction blocks Description Function Types Match whole word only Match case Find what m z Location All Filters Object browser Program Function blog Function Variables Standard functions Filters User Types Symbol location SF Test C Match whole F Thermbodel Al w TOF Match case MatrixByCol ser Matrix yh aris TusFilter All a MatieByS calar Vectorby Scalar Pulse Word obit ars type FR TRIG Word oByte al Select one of the values listed in the Location combo box so as to specify a con straint on the location of the objects to be inspected Find in project Findwhat tL Location Filters Progra User Types Parameters if Funct Aus Sources Function Types Match whole word only Match case The frame named Filters contains 7 checkboxes each of which if ticked enables research of the string among the object it refers to Tick Match whole word only if you want to compare your string to entire word only Tick Match case if you want your search to be case sensitive Press Find to start the search otherwise click Cancel to abandon LogicLab user manual Find in project ES 68 SETS ee fa Filters Program Variables User Types Function blacks Description Function Types Match whole word only Match case The results will be printed in the Find in project tab of the Output w
107. ctory and all project files then the project is opened The list of devices from which you can select the target for the project you are creating depends on the contents of the catalog of target devices available to LogicLab When the desired target is missing either you have run the wrong setup executable or you have to run a separate setup which is responsible to update the catalog to include the target device In both cases you should contact your hardware supplier for support UPLOADING THE PROJ ECT FROM THE TARGET DEVICE Depending on the target device you are interfacing with you may be able to upload a working LogicLab project from the target itself LogicLab user manual 23 In order to upload the project from the target device follow the procedure below 1 Select the item Import project from target in the menu File Edit View Project Debug Communication New project ae Open project Import project from target y iew project read only cT 2 Select the target device you are connecting to from the list shown in the Target list window 3 Set up the communication refer to Setting up the communication section for details Target list VeriPy Conmectior Communication settings ts Upload Sources Cancel 4 You may optionally test the connection with the target device Target list Modbus 1 1000 M4 COM 1 9600 E 8 1 H Verify Connection p Communication settings
108. cuses on these commands Note that all the commands in the toolbar are disabled if no variable has been added to the Oscilloscope 9 2 5 1 STARTING AND STOPPING DATA ACQUISITION When you add a variable to the Oscilloscope data acquisition begins immediately Oscilloscope x HEA eae keeles 6a ma div 7149 35 a4 ee m KKK T a a Min value Max value widiy Red cursor E However you can suspend the acquisition by clicking on Pause acquisition Oscilloscope x HHA Besa AAD gt amp 7 ms div 1935 84 LogicLab user manual 109 lab The curve freezes while the process of data acquisition is still running in background until you click on Restart acquisition Oscilloscope x HAN BRXKE RAD ip g So ma di 1935 4 In order to stop the acquisition you may click on Stop acquisition i scilloscope x HHA BAAR AAD aoe 6H ms div 1935 84 In this case when you click on Restart acquisition the evolution of the value of the variable is plotted from scratch 9 2 5 2 SETTING THE SCALE OF THE AXES When you open the Oscilloscope LogicLab applies a default scale to the axes However if you want to set a different scale you may follow this procedure 1 Open the graph properties by clicking on the corresponding item in the toolbar fi scilloscope x AH eB AAR AE En ail gia 110 LogicLab user manual 2 Set the scale of the horizontal axis which is com
109. d to a set of execution control elements for a PLC program organization unit Since SFC elements require storage of state information the only program organization units which can be structured using these elements are function blocks and programs If any part of a program organization unit is partitioned into SFC elements the entire program organization unit is so partitioned If no SFC partitioning is given for a program organization unit the entire program organization unit is considered to be a single action which executes under the control of the invoking entity SFC elements The SFC elements provide a means of partitioning a PLC program organization unit into a set of steps and transitions interconnected by directed links Associated with each step is a set of actions and with each transition is associated a transition condition 11 6 1 STEPS 11 6 1 1 DEFINITION 194 A step represents a situation where the behavior of a program organization unit POU with respect to its inputs and outputs follows a set of rules defined by the associated ac tions of the step A step is either active or inactive At any given moment the state of the program organization unit is defined by the set of active steps and the values of its internal and output variables A step is represented graphically by a block containing a step name in the form of an iden tifier The directed link s into the step can be represented graphically by a vertical line
110. drop it to the destination Description ot be fe fay paar cag Wee 4 we he Od q clk eA x gt ic addition bitwise AND ant ant of Yx f a value lic cosine ic division xponential basic 4 thermmodel Description x E RER e ere od a RE OR BS O ieFilt S pe ce ORB Oe ee ia e RT ST RE EO te me Gee oe Bee foe Sew are A PE TP I fy ae eT EE E X Wain an A ee ae Ti ae iw adel You can make the tool window float by double clicking on its name or by pressing the CTRL key or by moving the tool window away from the main window borders oa Symbol A tool window can be resized by clicking and dragging on its border until the desired size is reached x wah X Al os Se v i X Watch x S er Sh lee lad Symbol Value Type Location K IA wv 18 LogicLab user manual 3 4 WORKING WITH WINDOWS LogicLab allows to open many source code editors so that the workspace could get rather messy You can easily navigate between these windows through the Document bar and the Win dow menu T Tools Help oOo xX 3 Cascade Tie PEENE A i eee H m Fast Bs Exec B Global variables an Running Name Type Array Init value Attribute 7 1 Fast j NotEnabled BOOL No FALSE 5 Transition result Iv 2 Stati o2 VAR NotRunning BOOL No FALSE h Trans
111. dule RSM with the corre sponding item of the Project menu or toolbar mis Help Eh ae TP r tal GN LogicLab notifies you of the name of the RSM file and lets you choose whether to protect the file with a password or not If you choose to protect the file LogicLab asks you to insert the password Generate redistributable source module Protect with password PicExarmple O9082010150726 rsm Get password Password Confirm password e The advantages of the RSM file format are the source code is encoded in binary format thus it cannot be read by third parties which do not use LogicLab making a transfer over the Internet more secure it can be protected with a password which will be required by LogicLab on file opening being a binary file its size is reduced 4 6 PROJECT OPTIONS You can edit some basic properties of the project such as application name and version in the window which pops up after you select the item Options inthe Project menu Project info Code generation Debug Build events Release PLC example fxson te TP The information you enter here is shown in any printed document and may also be down loaded to the target device LogicLab user manual 27 4 7 SELECTING THE TARGET DEVICE You may need to port a PLC application on a target device which differs from that you originally wrote the code for Follow the instructions below to adapt your Logic
112. e init Value O sd CO Description _ Cancel Umm 3 Select the type you are defining an alias for Mew Typedef Type Array No Fe Init Value hal Description Name Type Init Value Objects filter Description C Programe Operators Basic types Function Blocks Basic types _ Furictiaris Standard functions Basic types Variable deal variables Basic types Usertypes Basic types Basic types Basic types Basic types Other filters Basic types Name Ok a LISINT Basic typer Basic types Check all Basic types Basic types Location All Library All Wars type All Cancel OK if you want to define an alias for an array type you shall choose the array size 46 LogicLab user manual 4 Enter a meaningful description optional and confirm the operation Mew Typedef Name DINT aT Type Init Value Description S bit unsigned integer 5 4 1 2 EDITING A TYPEDEF The typedefs of the project are listed under the TypeDefs folder In order to edit a typedef you just have to double click on its name Project i l r ect FD Definitions ne E 2 PlcExample Definitions E E TypeDefs Init value Sa Structures 5 4 1 3 DELETING A TYPEDEF To delete a typedef follow this procedure 1 Right click the typedef name and choose
113. e BOOL data type depends on the processor of the target device e g it is 1 bit long for devices that have a bit addressable area 11 1 3 DERIVED DATA TYPES Derived data types can be declared using the TYPE END_TYPE construct These derived data types can then be used in variable declarations in addition to the elementary data types Both single element variables and elements of a multi element variable which are de clared to be of derived data types can be used anywhere that a variable of its parent type can be used 11 1 3 1 TYPEDEFS The purpose of typedefs is to assign alternative names to existing types No difference between a typedef and its parent type exists apart from the name Typedefs can be declared using the following syntax TYPE lt enumerated data type name gt lt parent type name gt END TYPE For example consider the following declaration mapping the name LONGWORD to the IEC 61131 3 standard type DWORD TYPE Longword DWORD END_TYPE 11 1 3 2 ENUMERATED DATA TYPES 166 An enumerated data type declaration specifies that the value of any data element of that type can only be one of the values given in the associated list of identifiers The enumera tion list defines an ordered set of enumerated values starting with the first identifier of the list and ending with the last Enumerated data types can be declared using the following syntax TYPE lt enumerated data type name gt lt enumerat
114. e corresponding variable editor if the object is a standard function or an operator this command opens nothing 10 2 3 LD TOOLBAR UA tHe LE AE dP ELSE S R DE a e Activates the parallel insertion mode All contacts Insert parallel inserted in this mode will be inserted in parallel with the actually selected contacts Activates the series insertion mode All contacts inserted in this mode will be inserted on the HF Insert series right of the currently selected contact block If a connection is selected the new contact will be placed in the middle of the connection segment ki E Insertion of a new contact according to the selected mode series or parallel Insert negated Insertion of a new negative contact according to contact the selected mode series or parallel Insert rising Insertion of a new rising edge contact according to edge contact the selected mode serial or parallel Mm Insert falling Insertion of a new falling edge contact according edge contact to the selected mode serial or parallel i Insertion of a new coil attached to the right power Insert coil al LogicLab user manual 161 Insert contact IS Button Command Description Insert negated Insertion of a new negative coil attached to the coil right power rail AAE Insert set Insertion of a new set coil attached to the right contact power rail 2 Insertion of a new reset coil attached to the right
115. e target device 8 3 1 CONTROLLING SOURCE CODE DOWNLOAD 94 Whether the source code of the application is downloaded along with the binary code or not depends on the target device you are interfacing with some devices host the appli cation source code in their storage in order to allow the developer to upload the project in a later moment If this is the case you can control some aspects of the source code download process as explained in the following paragraphs LogicLab user manual lab 8 3 1 1 SUSPENDING SOURCE CODE DOWNLOAD In order to speed up the development cycle you May want to disable source code down load uncheck the Source code download item in the Communication menu eee Tools Help 0 Source code download HF Connect Settings e Stan When you stop developing the application you can enable source code download again by checking the same menu item eee Tools Help d Source code download Lol Ey Connect Settings ke a Uk 7 TE When you disconnect from the target device LogicLab checks if the application currently executing on the target and the source code available on board match alerting you if they do not Source code not up to date A The application currently executing on the target device and the source code file downloaded to the target device do not match Disconnect anyway 8 3 1 2 PROTECTI NG THE SOURCE CODE WI
116. ease this button if you want to hide simultaneously all the cursors This control is used to put in evidence the exact ea Show samples point in which the variables are triggered at each sample LogicLab user manual When pressed this control splits the y axis into as many segments as the dragged in variables so that the diagram of each variable is drawn in a separate band It is used to fill in the graph window all the values Show all values sampled for the selected variables in the current recordset Zooming in is an operation that makes the curves in the Chart area appear larger on the screen so that greater detail may be viewed Zooming out is an operation that makes the curves appear Smaller on the screen so that it may be viewed in its entirety Horizontal zoom acts only on the horizontal axis This control is used to horizontally center record Horizontal show set samples So first sample will be placed on the all left margin and last will be placed on the right margin of the graphic window Split variables Horizontal Zoom In and Zoom Out Vertical Zoom acts only on the vertical axis This control is used to vertically center record set Samples So max value sample will be placed near top margin and low value sample will be placed on the bottom margin of the graphic window Pushing this button causes a tabs dialog box to appear which allows you to set general user Graphic trigger options affectin
117. ecification To correctly manage common elements refer to the LogicLab user guide 11 1 1 BASIC ELEMENTS 11 1 1 1 CHARACTER SET Textual documents and textual elements of graphic languages are written by using the Standard ASCII character set 11 1 1 2 COMMENTS User comments are delimited at the beginning and end by the special character combina tions and respectively Comments are permitted anywhere in the program and they have no syntactic or semantic significance in any of the languages defined in this standard The use of nested comments e g NESTED is treated as an error 11 1 2 ELEMENTARY DATA TYPES A number of elementary i e pre defined data types are made available by LogicLab all compliant with IEC 61131 3 standard The elementary data types keyword for each data type number of bits per data element and range of values for each elementary data type are described in the following table Keyword Datatype Bits _ Range BOOL Oto 1 SINT Shortinteger 8 128 to 127 USINT Unsigned short integer 8 0 to 255 INT 32768 to 32767 LogicLab user manual 165 Keyword Datatype Bits _ Range UINT 0 to 65536 DINT 23 to 2 1 UDINT 0 to 27 BYTE Bit string of length8 8 WORD Bit string of length 16 16 DWORD Bit string of length 32 32 REAL Realnumber 32 3 40E 38 to 3 40E 38 STRING String of characters Note the actual implementation of th
118. eed for special compilation LogicLab debugging tools operate at run time Thus unlike other programming languages such as C the compiler does not need to be told whether or not to support trigger windows given a PLC code the compiler s output is unique and there is no distinction between debug and release version Memory availability A trigger window takes a segment in the application code sector having a well defined length Obviously in order to start up a trigger window it is necessary that a sufficient amount of memory is available otherwise an error message appears Incompatibility with graphic trigger windows A graphic trigger window takes the whole free space of the application code sector There fore once such a debugging tool has been started it is not possible to add any trigger window and an error message appears if you attempt to start a new window Once the graphic trigger window is eventually closed trigger windows are enabled again Note that all the trigger windows existing before the starting of a graphic trigger window keep working normally You are simply not allowed to add new ones 9 5 1 2 TRIGGER WINDOW TOOLBAR Trigger window icons are part of the Debug toolbar and are enabled only if LogicLab is in debug mode gt ge aK E Button Description In order to actually start a trigger window select the point of the PLC code where to insert the relative trigger and then press this button Set Remo
119. ently open in the IDE however some debug information consistent with the running application is available for example because that applica tion has been previously downloaded to the target device from the same PC the values Shown in the watch window or in the oscilloscope are reliable but the debug mode still cannot be activated Source OK the application currently executing on the target device is the same as the one currently open in the IDE the debug mode can be activated SOURCE OK DOWNLOADING THE APPLICATION A compiled PLC application must be downloaded to the target device in order to have the processor execute it This paragraph shows you how to send a PLC code to a target device Note that LogicLab can download the code to the target device only if the latter is connected to the PC where LogicLab is running See the related section for details To download the application click on the related button in the Project toolbar Alternatively you can choose Download code from the Project menu or press the F5 key eee Tools Help LI Download code h F5 Connect Settings Upload IMG file LogicLab checks whether the project has unsaved changes If this is the case it automati cally starts the compilation of the application The binary code is eventually sent to the target device which then undergoes automatic reset at the end of transmission Now the code you sent is actually executed by the processor on th
120. erwise session automatically stops when conditions are reached At this point you can press this button to start another triggering session This control is used to execute a single step trigger It is enabled only when there is no active T Single step triggering session and None is selected Specified execution condition is considered After the single step trigger is done triggering session automatically stops This control adds the Accumulator to the list of variables already dragged into the trigger window A new row is added at the bottom of the table of Ac Accumulator a Start Stop variables containing the string Accumulator in column Symbol the accumulator s value in column Value Type is not specified and Location is set to global as shown in the following figure display Watct Type Address Array Init value Attribute Descriptior Auto No 0 Symk Trigger n 0 at MAIN 5 Ac Crt 1089 Condition None Trigger D For Value 1 ACCUMULATOR 2 In order to remove the accumulator from the table click its name in Symbol column and press the Del key This control can be very useful if a trigger was inserted before a ST statement because it allows you to know what value is being written in the destination variable during the current execution of the task You can get the same result by moving the trigger to an instruction following the one marked by the green arrowhead Trigger counter Crit 26 Thi
121. ery time the processor reaches network number 1 Click one of the items making up network nr 1 then press the Graphic trace button in the Debug toolbar This causes the grey raised button containing the network number to turn to green a white circle with a number inside to appear in the middle of the button and the graphic trigger window to pop up MAINLD 15 SHARAA ASA AKT PF OU Cre ne Note that unlike the other languages supported by LogicLab LD does not allow you to insert a trigger before a single contact or coil as it lets you select only an entire network Thus the variables in the Graphic trigger window will be sampled every time the pro cessor reaches the beginning of the selected network 9 6 2 6 ADDING A VARIABLE TO THE GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN LD 148 MODULE In order to watch the diagram of a variable you need to add it to the Graphic trigger window Let us assume that you want to see the plot of the variable b in the LD code represented in the figure below To this purpose press the Watch button in the FBD bar Ql a Now you can click the item representing the variable you wish to be shown in the Graphic trigger window A dialog box appears listing all the currently existing instances of debug windows and asking you which one is to receive the object you have just clicked The cursor will become as follows In order to plot the curve of variable b select Graphic trace in the Debug
122. es a green arrowhead appears next to the line number and the related trigger window pops up Not all the IL instructions support triggers For example it is not possible to place a trig ger at the beginning of a line containing a JMP statement 9 5 2 3 ADDING A VARIABLE TO A TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN IL MODULE In order to watch the value of a variable you need to add it to the trigger window To this purpose select a variable by double clicking it and then drag it into the Variables win dow that is the lower white box in the pop up window The variable s name now appears in the Symbol column ie ID a _nsntn 0003 ADD Trigger n 0 at MAIN 1 0004 Nae i 0005 1 1 Ac Crt 14805 0006 ID c i E Er o007 ADD d 1 Condition 0008 ST c i 000a None 0010 LD E I i a 00i ADD 1 1 Trigger For 0013 ENEN The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect LogicLab user manual 127 lab 9 5 2 4 OPENING A TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN FBD MODULE Let us assume that you have an FBD module also containing the following instructions 1 Tira Let us also assume that you want to know the values of c D and K just before the ST k Instruction is executed Provided that you can never place a trigger in a block representing a variable such as you must select the first available block preceding the selected variable In the example of the a
123. esentation Description Init Initial step graphical representation with direct links 11 6 1 3 ACTIONS An action can be a collection of instructions in the IL language a collection of networks in the FBD language a collection of rungs in the LD language acollection of statements in the ST language a sequential function chart SFC organized as defined in this section Zero or more actions can be associated with each step Actions are declared via one of the textual structuring elements listed in the following table Structuring element Description STEP StepName Step body Step textual form END_STEP INITIAL STEP StepName Step body Initial step textual form END_STEP Such a structuring element exists in the Isc file for every step having at least one associ ate action LogicLab user manual 195 11 6 1 4 ACTION QUALIFIERS The time when an action associated to a step is executed depends on its action qualifier LogicLab implements the following action qualifiers Qualifier Meaning The action is executed as long as N Non stored null qualifier the step remains active The action is executed only once per p STER step activation regardless of the number of cycles the step remains active If a step has zero associated actions then it is considered as having a WAIT function that is waiting for a successor transition condition to become true 11 6 1 5 JUMPS Direct links flow
124. ew S I Communication Perr eee ee 8 2 ON LINE STATUS 8 2 1 CONNECTION STATUS The state of communication is shown in a small box next to the right border of the Status bar If you have not yet attempted to connect to the target the state of communication is set to Not connected NOT CONNECTED When you try to connect to the target device the state of communication becomes one of the following Error the communication cannot be established You should check both the physical link and the communication settings Connected the communication has been established CONNECTED 8 2 2 APPLICATION STATUS Next to the communication status there is another small box which gives information about the status of the application currently executing on the target device When the connection status is Connected the application status takes on one of the fol lowing values No code no application is executing on the target device NO CODE LogicLab user manual 93 8 3 Diff code the application currently executing on the target device is not the same as the one currently open in the IDE moreover no debug information consistent with the running application is available thus the values shown in the watch window or in the oscilloscope are not reliable and the debug mode cannot be activated Diff code Symbols OK the application currently executing on the target device is not the same as the one curr
125. fined as a maximal set of interconnected graphic elements The upper and lower bounds of every network are fixed by two straight lines while each network is delimited on the left by a grey raised button containing the network number On each LD network the right and the left power rail are represented according to the LD language indication On the new LD network a horizontal line links the two power rails It is called the power link On this link all the LD elements contacts coils and blocks are to be placed You can perform the following operations on networks To add a new blank network click Network gt New in the Scheme menu or press one of the equivalent buttons in the Network toolbar To assign a label to a selected network give the Network gt Label command from the Scheme menu This enables jumping to the labeled network To display a background grid which helps you to align objects press View grid inthe Network toolbar To add a comment press the Comment button in the FBD toolbar 6 3 3 LABELING NETWORKS 68 You can modify the usual order of execution of networks through a jump statement which transfers the program control to a labeled network To assign a label to a network double click the raised grey button on the left which bears the network number This causes a dialog box to appear where you can type the label you want to associate with the selected network Network label xj New
126. fy exactly a scale you can use the Zoom In and Zoom Out controls 9 6 2 11 CLOSING THE GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW AND REMOVING THE TRIGGER 152 At the end of a debug session with the graphic trigger window you can choose between the following options Closing the Graphic trigger window Removing the trigger Removing all the triggers Closing the graphic trigger window If you have finished plotting the diagram of a set of variables by means of the Graphic trigger window you may want to close the Debug window without removing the trigger If you click the button in the top right hand corner you just hide the Interface window while the window manager and the relative trigger keep working As a matter of fact if later you want to restore the Graphic trigger window that you previously hid open the Trigger list window select the record having type G click the Open button The Interface window appears with the trigger counter properly updated as if it had never been closed Removing the trigger If you choose this option you completely remove the code both of the window manager and of its trigger To this purpose open the Trigger list window select the record having type G click the Remove button Alternatively you can move the cursor to the line if the module is in IL or click the block if the module is in FBD where you placed the trigger Now press the Graphic trace button in the Debug tool
127. g the action of the graphic trigger window properties window Since the options you can set are quite numerous they are dealt with in a section apart Click here to access this section Push this button to print both the Chart area and F Print chart the Variables window I Save chart Press this button to save the chart Trigger counter Vertical show all Crt 25 100 This read only control displays two numbers with the following format x y x Indicates how many times the debug window manager has been triggered since the graphic trigger was installed Y represents the number of samples the graphic window has to collect before stopping data acquisition and drawing the curves Trigger state This read only control shows you the state of the Debug window It can assume the fol lowing values LogicLab user manual 141 No sample s taken as the trigger has not occurred during the current task execution Sample s collected as the trigger has occurred during the Triggered current task execution The trigger counter indicates that a number of samples has been collected satisfying the user request or memory constraints thus the acquisition process is stopped Communication with target interrupted the state of the trigger window cannot be determined 9 6 1 6 GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW OPTIONS In order to open the options tab you must click the Properties button in the Controls bar When you do this the follow
128. ger at the current source code trigger line Sets removes a graphic trigger at the current Graphic trigger aurce code line Remove all triggers Removes all triggers Trigger list Lists all triggers Set breakpoints Sets a breakpoint at the current source code line Remove all breakpoints Removes all breakpoints Restarts program execution after a breakpoint is Run hit Breakpoint list Lists all breakpoints Change current Changes the current function block instance live instance debug mode a gt lo e e le 164 LogicLab user manual 11 LANGUAGE REFERENCE All LogicLab languages are IEC 61131 3 standard compliant Common elements Instruction list IL Function block diagram FBD Ladder diagram LD Structured text ST Sequential Function Chart SFC Moreover LogicLab implements some extensions Pointers Macros 11 1 COMMON ELEMENTS By common elements textual and graphic elements are means which are common to all the programmable controller programming languages specified by IEC 61131 3 standard Note the definition and editing of the most part of the common elements variables structured elements function blocks definitions etc are managed by LogicLab through specific edi tors forms and tables LogicLab does not allow to edit directly the source code related to the above mentioned common elements The following paragraphs are meant as a language sp
129. he current value of the counter and refreshes the value of its variables each time the debug window is triggered However when the counter equals n the window stops refreshing the values and it changes to the Stop state After assuming that you gave the counter limit the value N the window manager re sets the counter and adds I to its current value each time it is triggered The window remains in the Ready state and does not update the value of its variables until the counter reaches N 9 5 2 DEBUGGING WITH TRIGGER WINDOWS 9 5 2 1 INTRODUCTION 126 The trigger window tool allows the user to select a set of variables and to have their val ues displayed and updated synchronously in a pop up window Unlike the Watch window trigger windows refresh simultaneously all the variables they contain every time they are triggered LogicLab user manual 9 5 2 2 OPENING A TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN IL MODULE Let us assume that you have an IL module also containing the following instructions 0001 000Z ID a 003 ADD b 004 ST a 0005 OO08 ID c 007 ADD d 008 ST c 0009 010 ID k 0011 ADD 1 012 ST H Amts Let us also assume that you want to know the value of b qa and k just before the ST k Instruction is executed To do so move the cursor to line 12 J UWL 010 LD k 0011 ADD 1 0012 ST i 1 MATS Then you can click the Set Remove trigger button in the Debug toolbar Bl or you can press the F9 key In both cas
130. he elements in the Control window look disabled Sre mm o Condition e Hone Trigger C For events After As a matter of fact you cannot access any of the controls except the Accumulator dis play until at least one variable is dragged into the Debug window When this happens triggering automatically starts and the Controls window changes as follows er ac cm 381 Condition a None Trigger f For events C After Triggering can be started stopped with the apposite button LogicLab user manual Fixing the number of refresh If you want the values to be refreshed the first time the window is triggered select None and press the single step button otherwise set the counter to I and select For If you want the values to be refreshed the first X times the window is triggered set the counter to X and select For If you want the values to be refreshed after Y times the window is triggered set the coun ter to Y and select After Triggers and conditions settings become the actual settings when the triggering is re Started Watching the accumulator As stated in the Refresh of values section see 9 5 1 5 when you insert a trigger on an instruction line you establish that the variables in the relative debugging window will be updated every time the processor reaches that location before the instruction itself is ex ecuted In some cases for example when a trigger is placed before
131. he selected network Adds a constant to the selected network Adds a conditional return block to the selected network Adds a conditional jump block to the selected network Adds a comment to the selected network By default some operators like ADD MUL etc have two input pins however you may occasionally need to perform such operations on more than two operands This command allows you to add as many input pins as to reach the required number of operands Undoes the Inc pins command 160 LogicLab user manual Adds the enable in enable out pins to the selected block The code implementing the selected block will be executed only when the 4 EN ENO enable in signal is true The enable out signal Simply repeats the value of enable in allowing you either to enable or to disable a cascade of blocks Shows some properties of the selected block if the object is a function or a function block displays a table with the input and output a FBD properties variables if the object is a variable or a parameter opens a dialog box which lets you change the name and the logical direction input output Opens the editor by which the selected object was created and displays the relevant source code if the object is a program or a function or a function block this command opens the relevant source code editor View source i i i i if the object is a variable or a parameter then this command opens th
132. her program or function or function block 9 6 1 4 SAMPLING OF VARIABLES Let us consider the following example The value of the variables is sampled every time the window manager is triggered that is every time the processor executes the instruction marked by the green arrowhead How ever you can set controls in order to have variables sampled when triggers also satisfy further limiting conditions that you define The value of the variables in the column Track is read from memory just before the marked instruction and immediately after the previous instruction 9 6 1 5 GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW CONTROLS This paragraph deals with controls of the Graphic trigger window Controls allow you to specify in detail when LogicLab is supposed to sample the variables added to the Vari ables window Graphic trigger window controls act in a well defined way on the behavior of the window regardless for the type of the module IL ST FBD or LD where the related trigger has been inserted Window controls are made accessible to users through the Controls bar of the debug window When you push this button down you let acquisition start Now if acquisition is running rol oe and you release this button you stop the sample collection process and you reset all the data you have acquired so far The two cursors red cursor blue cursor may be i Fnable Disable seen and moved along their axis as long as this cursors button is pressed Rel
133. icLab user manual Size of Yariable O Scalar Aray 2 Matrix Dimensions 22 Cancel 6 Edit the initial values of the variable click on the button in the corresponding cell and enter the values in the window that pops up Array value Value Edit Value Type O Hexadecimal Binary Octal Decimal Boolean 7 Assign an attribute to the variable for example CONSTANT Or RETAIN by selecting it from the list which opens when you click on the corresponding cell mease ey eee oo No TRUE AWIT Cycle 1014 01 0400 la WObO 20 to No T4 CONSTANT RETAIN k Type a description for the variable in the corresponding cell Note that in the case of global variables this operation may change the position of the variable in the project tree Global 32 bit ar i p 9 Save the project to persist the changes you made to the declaration of the variable 6 6 4 DELETING VARI ABLES In order to delete one or more variables select them in the editor you may use the CTRL or the SHIFT keys to select multiple elements Name Type Address A freeRunCounter DINT Auto EF ce AOL i E gt 4 JL 5 ki WINT Auto E ine INT Auto T Auta W pa oa rit 1 LOT DEAR 5 period REAL MD 1 11 10 tau REAL MID 9 11 valueFilt REAL Ob MAL 8 440 rr Cen Ohm Aan LogicLab user manual 83 Init value Attribute Type RESULT fif Undefined 6
134. if necessary for the particular op eration one or more operands separated by commas Operands can be any of the data representations for literals and for variables The instruction can be preceded by an identifying label followed by a colon Empty lines can be inserted between instructions Example Let us parse a small piece of code START LD SEX 1 Push button ANDN MX5 4 Not inhibited ST SOXZ Fan Our The elements making up each instruction are classified as follows Operator Label modifier Comment ANDN SMX5 4 Not inhibited 178 LogicLab user manual Operator Label modifier Comment Semantics of IL instructions Accumulator By accumulator a register is meant containing the value of the currently evaluated re sult Operators Unless otherwise specified the semantics of the operators is accumulator accumulator OP operand That is the value of the accumulator is replaced by the result yielded by operation OP applied to the current value of the accumulator itself with respect to the operand For instance the instruction AND IxX1 is interpreted as accumulator accumulator AND IX1 and the instruction GT 1w10 will have the Boolean result TRUE if the current value of the accumulator is greater than the value of input word 10 and the Boolean result FALSE otherwise accumulator accumulator GT IW10 Modifiers The modifier N indicates bitwise negat
135. igger window you can add to the Watch window all the variables of the project regardless of where they were declared 9 1 2 1 ADDING A VARIABLE FROM A TEXTUAL SOURCE CODE EDITOR Follow this procedure to add a variable to the Watch window from a textual that is IL or ST source code editor select a variable by double clicking on it and then drag it into the watch window x Medium a r OS gt a fg sume 0 546971 Slow Medium eumig LD eum ADD vil ST sumnll The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect 9 1 2 2 ADDING A VARIABLE FROM A GRAPHICAL SOURCE CODE EDITOR Follow this procedure to add a variable to the Watch window from a graphical that is LD FBD or SFC source code editor 1 Press the Watch button in the FBD bar bf ae FeDe 2 Click on the block representing the variable you wish to be shown in the Watch win dow E Main Test Type Address Array Init va ee we 4 AND 98 LogicLab user manual lab 3 A dialog box appears listing all the currently existing instances of debug windows and asking you which one is to receive the object you have just clicked on Debug windows list Symbol to add out Debug windows Oscilloscope In order to display the variable in the Watch window select Watch then press OK Debug windows list Sembol to add autt Debug windows Oscilloscope The variable name
136. igned long integer 32 bits unsigned Converts any data type into a Any floating point 32 bits signed Numerical functions Type conversion functions have the form _TO_ or TO xx where is the type of the input variable and the type of the output variable e g DINT TO INT Or TO REAL Nr Output data Name Function operands types ABS 0001 No Any Same as Input Absolute value _ sort 1 No REAL REAL Square root LN 1 No REAL REAL Natural logarithm LOG 1 No REAL REAL Base 10 logarithm EXP 1 No REAL REAL Natural exponential SIN 1 No REAL REL Sine of input in radians COS 1 No REAL REL Cosine of input in radians TAN 1 No REAL REAL Tangent of input in radians asn 1 No mean mean Principal arc sine ACOS Principal arc cosine ATAN 1 No REAL REAL Principal arc tangent ao 2 Yes Any Same as Input Addition woz 2 Yes Any Sameasimput Multiplication s 2 No Any Same as Input Subtraction pv 2 No Any Same as Input Division wo 2 No Any Same as Input Inputi modulo Input2 Bit string functions Type conversion functions have the form x TO xx or TO xx where is the type of the input variable and is the type of the output variable e g DINT TO INT Or TO REAL eM 176 LogicLab user manual Nr Output data Name Function operands types Any Input1 left shifted of I n
137. in has to be assigned to a task In the Workspace window right click on the Slow task and select the Add program option The Object browser window pops up Function blacks 9 Functions C Global variables feel Tasks 4 Fast 2 Ini Task properties gt 10 LogicLab user manual lab 10 Select the Main program and click OK The picture below shows the Workspace win dow after the successful completion of the operation Objects filter Programs Operators iF tar Programs Fonction Blocks Funetions Standard functions Variables Local variables User types Basic types _ heck all Eheck nene Other filters Name Location Library Wars type h ll Cancel BK 11 Select Simulation mode from Debug menu Create new workspace Name PLCExampleWsp Directory Lt PriTraining PlcExample O Open existing workspace Choose other Dele LogicLab user manual 11 12 12 VPLC1 is a software which emulates a simple programmer controller provided with 13 14 15 16 digital and analog 1 0 It is possible to interact with simulator as explained in Simu Lab manual or briefly in Resources tab 224 REJAT RAR ORCS GB Biga psi T oe a a eee Ta E a ee a DE at i Coes m cio E h a ER Prei bate i cos Drem BA PE urrie Pe jaj Cit wn i emm as a
138. in the elementary data types table LogicLab does not set any constraint on the maximum length of expressions Expressions are composed of operators and operands 11 5 1 1 OPERANDS An operand can be a literal a variable a function invocation or another expression 11 5 1 2 OPERATORS Open the table of operators to see the list of all the operators supported by ST The evalu ation of an expression consists of applying the operators to the operands in a sequence defined by the operator precedence rules 11 5 1 3 OPERATOR PRECEDENCE RULES Operators have different levels of precedence as specified in the table of operators The operator with highest precedence in an expression is applied first followed by the opera tor of next lower precedence etc until evaluation is complete Operators of equal prec edence are applied as written in the expression from left to right For example if A B C and D are of type INT with values 1 2 3 and 4 respectively then A B C ABS D yields 9 and A B C ABS D yields O When an operator has two operands the leftmost operand is evaluated first For example in the expression SIN A COS B the expression SIN A is evaluated first followed by cos B followed by evaluation of the product Functions are invoked as elements of expressions consisting of the function name fol lowed by a parenthesized list of arguments as defined in the relevant section 188 LogicLab user
139. indow E FJ Global variables E Tasks 1 occurrences have been found 4 Build Findin project 2 Debug 5 6 WORKING WITH LOGI CLAB EXTENSIONS LogicLab s Workspace window may include a section whose contents completely depend on the target device the IDE is interfacing with the Resources panel If the Resources panel is visible you can access some additional features related to the target device configuration elements schemas wizards and so on Project R Project amp Definitions Res ices T 5 o CheckSFC Definitions i Ni J TypelDefs Structures Il Fa F rArmieraharis Information about these features may be found in a separate document refer to your hardware supplier for details LogicLab user manual 63 64 LogicLab user manual 6 EDITING THE SOURCE CODE PLC editors LogicLab includes five source code editors which support the whole range of IEC 61131 3 programming languages Instruction List IL Structured Text ST Ladder Diagram LD Function Block Diagram FBD and Sequential Function Chart SFC Moreover LogicLab includes a grid like editor to support the user in the definition of vari ables This chapter focuses on all these editors 6 1 INSTRUCTION LIST IL EDI TOR LD ayelaq MUL sys lq ST IqDW SHE 16204 ADD addIq5q ST addIq5q LD syvsld HUL sysId ST Td DW SHE 16204 ADD addIdSq ST addIdSq The IL edi
140. indow controls section see 9 5 2 11 All controls except Ac the Accumulator display button are not accessible until at least one variable is dragged into the debug window The Variables section This lower section of the Debug window is a table consisting of a row for each variable that you dragged in Each row has four fields the name of the variable its value its type and its location task ModuleName read from memory during the last refresh Trigger n 0 at MAINES Ac on Condition None Trigger For 1 After Symbol m E 9 5 1 4 TRIGGER WINDOW DRAG AND DROP INFORMATION To watch a variable you need to copy it to the lower section of the Debug window This section is a table consisting of a row for each variable you dragged in You can drag into the trigger window only variables local to the module where you placed the relative trigger or global variables or parameters You cannot drag variables declared in another program or function or function block LogicLab user manual 123 ab 9 5 1 5 REFRESH OF THE VALUES Let us consider the following example S ex ex Gp x E Main Watct Type Address Array Init value Attribute Description py UINT Auto No Symt Trigger n 0 at MAIN 5 Condition None Trigger For The value of variables is refreshed every time the window manager is triggered that is every time the processor executes the instruction marked
141. ined for the right rail A horizontal link element is indicated by a horizontal line A horizontal link element transmits the state of the element on its immediate left to the element on its immedi ate right The vertical link element consists of a vertical line intersecting with one or more hori zontal link elements on each side The state of the vertical link represents the inclusive OR of the on states of the horizontal links on its left side that is the state of the verti cal link is OFF if the states of all the attached horizontal links to its left are OFF ON if the state of one or more of the attached horizontal links to its left is ON The state of the vertical link is copied to all of the attached horizontal links on its right The state of the vertical link is not copied to any of the attached horizontal links on its left LogicLab user manual 185 Description Symbol Vertical link with attached horizontal links 11 4 3 CONTACTS A contact is an element which imparts a state to the horizontal link on its right side which is equal to the Boolean AND of the state of the horizontal link at its left side with an ap propriate function of an associated Boolean input output or memory variable A contact does not modify the value of the associated Boolean variable Standard contact symbols are given in the following table Name Symbol The state of the left link is copied to the right link if the state of the No
142. ing dialog box appears General Syncronous oscilloscope settings Ea Show grid W Horizontal scale 500 samples div Show time bar Buffer size 65535 samples max 65535 Show tracks list Condition a Tracks list Unit Value div Offset Hide a Cancel Control Control Description Tick this control to display a grid in the Chart area Show grid background Show time The scroll bar at the bottom of the Chart area is bar available as long as this box is checked The Variables window is shown as long as this box Show tracks is checked otherwise the Chart area extends to the TEE bottom of the graphic trigger window Values Control Description USA GEGEN Number of samples per unit of the x axis By unit of the scale yo anA x axis the space is meant between two vertical lines of gg the background grid 142 LogicLab user manual Control Description Number of samples to acquire When you open the option tab after having dragged in all the variables you want to watch you can read a default number in this field representing the maximum number of samples you can collect for each variable You can therefore type a number which is less or equal to the default one Buffer size Tracks This tab allows you to define some graphic properties of the plot of each variable To select a variable click its name in the Track list column Control Description Unit of measurement printed in the table of the Variable
143. ion Chart SFC Steps Transitions Rules of evolution LogicLab Language Extensions Macros Pointers LogicLab user manual 185 186 187 187 188 188 189 194 194 196 197 199 199 200 1 1 OVERVIEW LogicLab is an 1EC61131 3 Integrated Development Environment supporting the whole range of languages defined in the standard In order to support the user in all the activities involved in the development of an applica tion LogicLab includes textual source code editors for the Instruction List briefly IL and Structured Text briefly ST programming languages see Chapter 6 graphical source code editors for the Ladder Diagram briefly LD Function Block Dia gram briefly FBD and Sequential Function Chart briefly SFC programming lan guages see Chapter 6 a compiler which translates applications written according to the IEC standard directly into machine code avoiding the need for a run time interpreter thus making the pro gram execution as fast as possible see Chapter 7 a communication system which allows the download of the application to the target environment see Chapter 8 a rich set of debugging tools ranging from an easy to use watch window to more pow erful tools which allows the sampling of fast changing data directly on the target envi ronment ensuring the information is accurate and reliable See Chapter 9 THE WORKSPACE The figure below shows a view of Logi
144. ion list gt END_TYPE For example consider the following declaration of two enumerated data types Note that when no explicit value is given to an identifier in the enumeration list its value equals the value assigned to the previous identifier augmented by one LogicLab user manual TYPE enuml vall the value of vall is 0 val2 the value of vall is 1 val3 the value of vall is 2 enum2 Jr the value of jis i 1 1 x E END_TYPE Different enumerated data types may use the same identifiers for enumerated values In order to be uniquely identified when used in a particular context enumerated literals may be qualified by a prefix consisting of their associated data type name and the f sign 11 1 3 3 SUBRANGES A subrange declaration specifies that the value of any data element of that type is re stricted between and including the specified upper and lower limits Subranges can be declared using the following syntax TYPE lt subrange name gt lt parent type name gt lt lower limit gt lt upper limit gt END TYPE For a concrete example consider the following declaration TYPE int U co TOO INE 0 6100 2 END TYPE 11 1 3 4 STRUCTURES A STRUCT declaration specifies that data elements of that type shall contain sub elements of specified types which can be accessed by the specified names Structures can be declared using the following syntax TYPE lt structured type name g
145. ion of the operand The left parenthesis modifier indicates that evaluation of the operator must be de ferred until a right parenthesis operator is encountered The form of a parenthesized sequence of instructions is shown below referred to the instruction accumulator accumulator AND SMX1 3 OR MX1 4 The modifier c indicates that the associated instruction can be performed only if the value of the currently evaluated result is Boolean 1 or Boolean 0 if the operator is com bined with the N modifier 11 2 2 STANDARD OPERATORS Standard operators with their allowed modifiers and operands are as listed below Supported operand Operator types Acc type Semantics Op type ID Any Any Sets the accumulator equal to operand sT N Any Any Stores the accumulator into operand location 6 BOOL BOOL Sets operand to TRUE If accumulator iS TRUE R BOOL BOOL Sets operand to FALSE If accumulator iS TRUE Any but REAL Any but re AND REAL Logical or bitwise AND OR Any but inn ply DUE Logical or bitwise OR LogicLab user manual 179 Supported operand Operator types Acc type Semantics Op type XOR Any puI ate ay UE Logical or bitwise XOR NOT AnybutREAL Logical or bitwise NOT ADD Addition SUE Subtraction MUL Multiplication DIV Division MOD Modulo division a1 Comparison Comparison T Comparison NE Comparison te Comparison T Comparison ME Jumps to label CAL
146. is LD FBD and SFC are involved DOme at w Pobeg Obup Comunion Shane Varutieg Window Took Heb Bere hao Name Toe 1 Puse Fuse Mf nof ico FFO 3 AfD Tusinder 4 tapa Byte Tot 6 mope_0 Byte Toat Mox ASSress T Purto iret v lge Awy Aentrt Oeser P L gt d eee 08 t m o gt ta seman gt 901 r Asp 9 TO us Subm p gt Oye wor no e 4 br n lt lt ea _ _ putts m mn w va SAT w Z eun w v n You can switch on and off the full screen mode with the Full screen option of the menu View or with the corresponding command of the Main toolbar Edit EE rot Debug Communicatio J rg Toolbar Bi aa mer Tool windows ku arr ae ED Fui EUR Ctr oject MEEI Gra peple Project I Programe i BH Fast nit Main LogicLab user manual 3 6 ENVIRONMENT OPTI ONS If you click Options in the File menu a multi tab dialog box appears and lets you customize some options of LogicLab General Autosave if the Enable Autosave box is checked LogicLab periodically saves the whole project You can specify the period of execution of this task by entering the number of minutes between two automatic savings in the Autosave interval text box Graphic Editor This panel lets you edit the properties of the LD FBD and SFC source code editors General i Graphic Editor Text Editors Language Directories i Tools Font name Graph Objects
147. is B Project F P ox Fu Fast E Froject B Definitions E EA E peple Project ae E J Programs 2 fbFlipFlop FF_D Auto til Fast 3 Filter TusFilter Auto Init gt var vagi agn Gi sl Auto a Function blocks a spliti Byte Tobit Auto Functions SET Global variables om ale 1 j ninna 3 2 2 MOVING TOOLBARS You can move a toolbar by clicking on its left border and then dragging and dropping it to the destination ma File Edit view Project Debug Communication scheme Variables Window Tools Help BAGS 48 ASH GR EGE HF Dra LISTER Ena Mw Ab SEEGER O y yO The toolbar shows up in the new position LogicLab user manual 15 HE File Edit view Project Debug Communication Scheme Variables Window Tools Help FE EET CE ASH SRO TRS BO Bae ou SeAS Bes edie oar a See er T Project x You can change the shape of the toolbar from horizontal to vertical either by pressing the Shift key or by moving the toolbar next to the vertical border of any window Watt Water Description al Description Symb Description Absolute value rccosine As co St teed SEE Description Absolute value You can also make the toolbar float either by pressing the CTRL key or by moving the toolbar away from any window border Communication Scheme Variables
148. ished writing the code double click the transition you want to assign the new condition to This causes the following dialog box to appear SFC Block properties Value Elle O True C False Variable i Code No code Nocode CS Mote nabled Hame iali MHotR unning Mo IS topped AT Comment Select the name of the condition you want to assign to this step Then confirm by press ing OK If later you need to edit the source code of the condition you can double click the name 78 LogicLab user manual of the transition in the Transitions folder of the Workspace window 6 5 7 SPECIFYING THE DESTINATION OF A JUMP To specify the destination step of a jump double click the jump block in the Chart area This causes the dialog box shown below to appear listing the name of all the existing steps Select the destination step then either press OK to confirm or Cancel to quit SFC Jump properties i x Cancel 6 5 8 EDITING SFC NETWORKS The SFC editor is endowed with functions common to most graphic applications running on a Windows platform namely Selection of a block Selection of a set of blocks by pressing Ctr left button Cut Copy and Paste operations of a single block as well as of a set of blocks Drag and drop Some of these functions are accessible through the Edit menu or through the Main tool bar 6 6 VARIABLES EDIT
149. isting all the currently existing instances of debug windows and asking you which one is to receive the object you have just clicked Symbol to add k Debug windows Watch Oscilloscope Graphic trace In order to plot the curve of variable k select Graphic Trace inthe Debug windows col umn then press OK The name of the variable is now printed in the Track column 146 LogicLab user manual UINT Auto No 0 Auto No O MAINFBD 3 0 3 SHA A SAB AAO S 6 Crt 100 100 The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect Once you have added to the Graphic watch window all the variables you want to ob serve you can press the Normal cursor button in order to restore the original cursor N Once the first variable is dropped into a graphic trace the Graphic properties window is automatically shown and allows the user to setup sampling and visualization properties 9 6 2 5 OPENI NG THE GRAPHIC TRI GGER WI NDOW FROM AN LD MODULE Let us assume that you have an LD module also containing the following instructions 0002 You can place a trigger on a block such as follows ADO EN ENO In this case the same rules apply as to insert the graphic trigger in an FBD module on a contact 4 LogicLab user manual 147 or coil In this case follow the instructions Let us also assume that you want to know the value of some variables ev
150. ition button is pressed and the user defined condition is true A simplified expression of the condition now appears in the control Condition AGT 100 J To modify it press again the relevant button The text window appears containing the text you originally wrote which you can now edit To completely remove a user defined condition press again on the above mentioned but ton delete the whole IL code in the text window then click OK After the execution of the condition code the accumulator must be of type Boolean TRUE or FALSE otherwise a compiler error occurs LogicLab user manual 151 Only global variables and dragged in variables can be used in the condition code Namely all variables local to the module where the trigger was originally inserted are out of scope if they have not been dragged into the Debug window Also no new variables can be de clared in the condition window Setting the scale of axes x axis When acquisition is completed LogicLab plots the curve of the dragged in variables ad justing the x axis so that all the data fit in the the Chart window If you want to apply a different scale open the General tab of the Graph properties dialog box type a number in the horizontal scale edit box then confirm by clicking Apply y axis You can change the scale of the plot of each variable through the Tracks list tab of the Graph properties dialog box Otherwise if you do not need to speci
151. ition result 3 Exec 3 VAR NotStopped BOOL No FALSE Transition result 4 Global variables it TENI VAR n DINT No 0 R SRunning sa var Running BOOL No FASE tk Transition result 6 VAR INPUT 0 enab BOOL No FALSE 7 VAR INPUT 1 run BOOL No FALSE d 3 4 1 THE DOCUMENT BAR The Document bar allows to switch between all the currently open editors simply by click ing on the corresponding name k Fast Ersta ati Exec B Global variables i unning Class Pa Name Type Array Init value Attribute i 1 VAR NotEnabled BOOL No FALSE 2 VAR NotRunning BOOL No FALSE 3 VAR NatStanned ADO Na FAI SE Mi You can show or hide the Document bar with the menu option of the same name in the menu View gt Toolbars LogicLab user manual 19 3 4 2 THE WINDOW MENU 3 5 20 The Window menu Is an alternative to the Document bar it lists all the currently open editors and allows to switch between them nt i mi gd gih Tools Help Cascade Tile Arrange icons Close All 2 Stati 3 Exec 4 Global variables 5 Running Moreover this menu supplies a few commands to automate some basic tasks such as closing all windows FULL SCREEN MODE In order to ease the coding of your application you may want to switch on the full screen mode In full screen mode the source code editor extends to the whole working area making easier the job of editing the code notably when graphical programming languag es that
152. itor Anyway if you open a project file you actually open the LogicLab project it refers to Lets you save the document in the currently active window Closes the document in the currently active window Opens the Programming environment options dialog box Displays a dialog box which lets you set printing options and print the document in the currently active window Shows a picture on your video that reproduces faithfully what you get if you print the document in the currently active window Prints all the documents making up the project Opens the Printer setup dialog box Lists a set of ppj file of recently opened LogicLab projects Click one of them if you want to open the relevant project Closes LogicLab LogicLab user manual 153 10 1 2 EDIT MENU Command Undo Redo Cut Copy Paste Delete Delete line Find in project Bookmarks Go to line Find Find next Replace Insert Move mode Connection mode Watch mode 10 1 3 VIEW MENU 154 Command Main Toolbar Status bar Debug bar FBD bar LD bar SFC Dar Project bar Network Document bar Force I O bar Workspace Library Description Cancels last change made in the document Restores the last change canceled by Undo Removes the selected items from the active document and stores them in a system buffer Copies the selected items to a system buffer Pastes in the active document the contents of the system buffer Deletes the se
153. ject browser Function blocks Basic types User Types Filters Marne Symbol location All Library All Wars pe All Cancel Tea era Lok 6 If you want to declare an array you can specify its size Size of Variable O Scalar f Anay 7 Matrix Dimensions 4 7 You may optionally assign the initial value to the variable LogicLab user manual 39 40 Name k fr Ve LNT Group ye Array 0 3 Attribute AUTO Init values 4 0 Description Array value Value Edit Type Hexadecimal Binary Octal G Decimal Boolean 8 Finally you can add a brief description and then confirm the operation New variable E e RER S KR Group OOo Array Pina fis J Attribute Ei ss Init values 1602 PA Description Proportional gaina If you create a new mapped variable you are required to specify the address of the vari able during its definition In order to do so you may do one of the following actions Click on the button to open the editor of the address then enter the desired value 1 0 variable declaration Name k Data type UDINT Group vw Size No Datablock Cal Subindex e C Location 120 data block Base addr Unused User variables ZMD1 0 11 Other data blacks by P Description LogicLab user manual Yariable address AHtomahic address Size Location
154. ked Expected behavior an evolution takes place from S32 to 31 ifc is FALSE and d IS TRUE The scheme in the leftmost column IS invalid because direct links flow only downwards Upward transitions can be performed via jump blocks 11 7 LOGI CLAB LANGUAGE EXTENSIONS LogicLab features a few extensions to the IEC 61131 3 standard in order to further enrich the language and to adapt to different coding styles 11 7 1 MACROS LogicLab implements macros in the same way a C programming language pre processor does Macros can be defined using the following syntax MACRO lt macro name gt PAR _ MACRO lt parameter list gt END PAR lt macro body gt END MACRO Note that the parameter list may eventually be empty thus distinguishing between ob ject like macros which do not take parameters and function like macros which do take parameters LogicLab user manual 199 A concrete example of macro definition is the following which takes two bytes and com poses a 16 bit word MACRO MAKEWORD PAR MACRO lobyte hibyte END PAR i CODEXST 4 lobyte SHL TO_UINT hibyte 8 END MACRO Whenever the macro name appears in the source code it is replaced along with the ac tual parameter list in case of function like macros with the macro body For example given the definition of the macro MAKEWORD and the following Structured Text code frag ment w MAKEWORD bl b2 the macro pre processor expands
155. l the Watch window does not guarantee synchronization of values Therefore when reading the values of the variables in the Watch window be aware of the possibility that they may refer to different execution cycles of the corresponding task The Watch window contains an item for each variable that you added to it The informa tion shown in the Watch window includes the name of the variable its value its type and its location in the PLC application Symbol Valle Type Location incr 50 INT Slow Main eee fOScherma i TRUE BODL Slows Main m bPulse enable FALSE BOL Fast Fast NCK cr TAIT inik Tif 9 1 1 OPENING AND CLOSING THE WATCH WINDOW To open the Watch window click on the Watch button of the Main toolbar oaa To close the Watch window click on the Watch button again DARES E LogicLab user manual 97 Alternatively you can click on the Close button in the top right corner of the Watch win dow watch a i i Pi P p ee Pri P Tm FO Gr a be a Symbol In both cases closing the Watch window means simply hiding it not resetting it As a matter of fact if you close the Watch window and then open it again you will see that it still contains all the variables you added to it 9 1 2 ADDING ITEMS TO THE WATCH WINDOW To watch a variable you need to add it to the watch list Note that unlike trigger windows and the Graphic tr
156. l menu nes Project T Definitions E gt PlcE sample Definitions El TypeDefs UINTS_T Structures Properties Enumerations SubR anges Macro tate 2 Confirm your choice Ph Delete the selected PLC Object E Type Structure Mame COMPLEX eh 48 LogicLab user manual 5 4 3 ENUMERATI ONS The following paragraphs show you how to manage enumerations 5 4 3 1 CREATI NG A NEW ENUMERATI ON Follow this procedure to create a new enumeration 1 Right click the Enumerations folder and choose New enumeration from the contex tual menu E PlcExample Definitions C TypeDefs amp UINTS_T 5 Structures i COMPLEX Enumerations CJ SubRanges New Enumeration K J Macro 2 Type the name of the enumeration New Enumeration R Hame HYDROCARBON Description 3 Enter a meaningful description and confirm the operation New Enumeration Mame HYDROCARBON Description List the hydrocarbons 5 4 3 2 EDITING AN ENUMERATION The enumerations of the project are listed under the Enumerations folder In order to edit an enumeration for example to define its values you have to double click on its name Proet HYDROCARBON Mame Init value B ot PleExample Definitions J TypeDets UINTET SL Structures FE COMPLEX J Enumerations HYDROCARBON SubR anges Macro LogicLab user manual 49 lab 5 4 3 3 DELETING A
157. lected item Deletes the whole source code line Opens the Find in project dialog box Lets you set remove and move between bookmarks Allows you to quickly move to a specific line in the source code editor Asks you to type a string and searches for its first instance within the active document from the current location of the cursor Iterates the search previously performed by the Find command Allows you to automatically replace one or all the instances of a string with another string Editing mode which allows you to insert and move blocks Editing mode which allows you to draw logical wires to connect pins Editing mode which allows you to add variables to any debugging tool Description If checked displays the Main toolbar otherwise hides it If checked displays the Status bar otherwise hides It If checked displays the Debug bar otherwise hides it If checked displays the FBD toolbar otherwise hides it If checked displays the LD toolbar otherwise hides It If checked displays the SFC bar otherwise hides it If checked displays the Project bar otherwise hides it If checked displays the Network toolbar otherwise hides it If checked displays the Document bar otherwise hides it If checked displays the Force I 0 bar otherwise hides it If checked displays the Workspace also called Project window otherwise hides it If checked displays the Libraries window otherwise hides it LogicLab u
158. les editor just open the Program Organization Unit the variables you want to edit are local to Rinia asai ject Definitions E peple Project i Programs Ba Fast nit E Meditm Function blocks Funchons j Global variables Ez 80 LogicLab user manual Project EJ Project l Definitions T pam Type Adare SE peple Projest 8 1 fiScherna Schema Auto 9 Programe 2 jent INT Auto ta Fast 3 fhStati Stati Auto rit i va E Meditm JUUL i J Function blacks ae Ladder logic z E Ly Functions D004 fhSchemat il inpl i Global varlables 005 out fbSchema ol 6 6 2 CREATING A NEW VARIABLE In order to create a new variable you may click on the Insert record item in the Pro ject toolbar Ae ai S Init value Attribute T TRUE 1 0 74 CONSTANT Alternatively you may access the Variables menu and choose Insert ala Window Tools Help Insert Automatic b E eo kuu Le mer G Delete 170 variable Masel pE Delete E Constant v r Group i Name FT ge Retain l freeRunGoa __ 1 fSchema 6 6 3 EDITING VARIABLES Follow this procedure to edit the declaration of a variable in a variables editor all the fol lowing steps are optional and you will typically skip most of them when editing a variable 1 Edit the name of the variable by entering the new name in the corresponding cell en aa en eg 3 gA BOAL Auto 1
159. library by specifying the location of its p file You can do this by typing the full pathname in the white text box clicking the Browse button in order to open an explorer dialog box which allows you to browse your disk and the network 4 You may optionally choose to encrypt the source code of the POU you are exporting in order to protect your intellectual property 5 Click OK to confirm the operation otherwise press Cancel to quit If at Step 3 of this procedure you enter the name of a non existing p file LogicLab creates the file thus establishing a new library 4 8 2 1 UNDOING EXPORT TO A LIBRARY 30 So far it is not possible to undo export to a library The only possibility to remove an ob ject is to create another library containing all the objects of the current one except the one you wish to delete LogicLab user manual 4 8 3 IMPORTING FROM A LIBRARY OR ANOTHER SOURCE You can import an object from a library in order to use it in the current project When you import an object from a library the local copy of the object loses its reference to the Original library and it belongs exclusively to the current project Therefore you can edit imported objects unlike objects of included libraries There are two ways of getting a POU from a library The following procedure shows you how to import objects from a library 1 Click Import object from library inthe Project menu This causes an explorer dial
160. lock action N by letter N in the top right corner action P by letter P in the bottom right corner 76 LogicLab user manual If later you need to edit the source code of the action you can just double click these letters Alternatively you can double click the name of the action in the Actions folder of the Workspace window 6 5 5 SPECIFYING A CONSTANT A VARIABLE AS THE CONDITION OF A TRANSITION As stated in the relevant section of the language reference a transition condition can be assigned through a constant a variable or a piece of code This paragraph explains how to use the first two means while conditional code is discussed in the next paragraph First of all double click the transition you want to assign a condition to This causes the following dialog box to appear xj Value iy i True C False Cancel i Variable Code No code ef Hame Comment Select True if you want this transition to be constantly cleared False if you want the PLC program to keep executing the preceding block Instead if you select Variable the transition will depend on the value of a Boolean vari able Click the corresponding bullet to make the text box to its right available and to specify the name of the variable To this purpose you can also make use of the objects browser that you can invoke by pressing the Browse button shown here below Click OK to confirm or Cancel to quit without applying
161. lues All the strings of characters Type a string to display the specific object whose name matches the string Use the wildcard if you want to display all the objects whose name contains the string in Use the Name text box Type if you want to disable this filter Press Enter when edit box is focused or click on the OK button near the edit box to apply the filter Applies to All object types Object browser I Objects filter et Name Type 7 Programs Operators 13 BitT oByte Functions 7 Function Blocks A BitT oword Functions W Functions Standard functions WV Variables Leeal variables V User types Basic Wipes Fr Other filters Hame Bi OK Location All Library All Ware tippe All Cancel Evo talibra Delete objects Pen numre Select all Sa lect none 54 LogicLab user manual Symbol location Function Set of legal values Use Applies to Objects filter Filters objects on the base of their location All Project Target Library Aux Sources All Disables this filter Project Objects declared in the LogicLab project Target Firmware objects Library Objects contained in a library In this case use simultaneously also the Library filter described below Aux sources Shows aux sources only All objects types Programs Operators 7 Function Blocks W Functions iW Variables V User types Standard funci real arable
162. mon to all the tracks Oscilloscope settings Show grid Sample polling rate 20 ms Realrate 20110 Show time bar Horizontal scale 100d i medi Show tracks list Buffer size 40000 samples Tracks list Name Unit Value div Offset Hide Show value a 3 For each variable you may specify a distinct scale for the vertical axis Oscilloscope settings Show grid Sample polling rate 20 ms Real rate 22 95 Show tine bar Horizontal scale 1000 rise Show tracks list Buffer size 40000 samples Tracks list Name rit Value div Offset Hide Show value GF ast Fast tbFilter yf F mal ew bm ay ee Ne a a aN pe o iem fr JUL 4 Confirm your settings The graph adapts to reflect the new scale Oscilloscope settings Show grid Sample polling rate 20 ms Realrate 25 37 Show time bar Horizontal scale 5000 rsydiv Show tracks list Butter size 40000 samples Tracks list Name Unit Value div Offset Hide Show value F ast Fast tbFilter yf E F 100 100 Eg mmm Kane a ol a a iin lita Sl ee i et ee cr 4 If LogicLab user manual 111 D scillascope x HBA A a AA aoe S J me div s000 ne You can also zoom in and out with respect to both the horizontal and the vertical axes Oscilloscope x Oscilloscope x HERA KAR AAD mp 88 HEA ESKE eR els Sa ms div 2000 00 ms div 5000 00 1 67858e 006 1 59625e 006 1 646256
163. n detail in the Drag and drop information section 9 6 1 3 GRAPHIC TRIGGER WI NDOW DRAG AND DROP INFORMATION To watch a variable you need to copy it to the lower section of the Debug window x SHAM SAB ARO feu Cnt 0 TTT TCT _ _ _ _V6oCcGe ee EE Track Min value Max value widiy Red cursor Blue cursor Note P Variables window This lower section of the Debug window is a table consisting of a row for each variable that you dragged in Each row has several fields as shown in the picture below Blue cursor Note Field Description Track Name of the variable Um Unit of measurement Min value Minimum value in the record set Max value Maximum value in the record set LogicLab user manual 139 Field Description Cur value Current value of the variable How many engineering units are represented by a unit v div of the y axis i e the space between two ticks on the vertical axis Bie Gursor Value of the variable at the intersection with the line identified by the blue cursor Value of the variable at the intersection with the line identified by the red cursor Value of the variable at the intersection with the line identified by the horizontal cursor Red cursor Horz cursor Note that you can drag into the graphic trigger window only variables local to the module where you placed the relative trigger or global variables or parameters You cannot drag variables declared in anot
164. n the Boolean input is TRUE and continues in the normal fashion when the Boolean input is FALSE Unconditional returns are provided by the physical end of the function or function block Symbol Example Explanation x lt RET gt Conditional Return RET 2 Example Return Condition Net K mE o T etwor 184 LogicLab user manual 11 4 LADDER DI AGRAM LD This section defines the semantics of the LD Ladder Diagram language 11 4 1 POWER RAILS The LD network is delimited on the left side by a vertical line known as the left power rail and on the right side by a vertical line known as the right power rail The right power rail may be explicit in the LogicLab implementation and it is always shown The two power rails are always connected with an horizontal line named signal link All LD elements should be placed and connected to the signal link Description Symbol Left power rail with attached horizontal link Right power rail with attached horizontal link Power rails connected by the signal link 11 4 2 LINK ELEMENTS AND STATES Link elements may be horizontal or vertical The state of the link elements shall be de noted on or OFF corresponding to the literal Boolean values 1 or O respectively The term link state shall be synonymous with the term power flow The following properties apply to the link elements The state of the left rail shall be considered on at all times No state is def
165. n the video The fact that an element is never highlighted does not imply that its value never becomes true the sampling rate may be too slow 9 4 3 FBD ANIMATION In live debug mode LogicLab displays the values of all the visible variables directly in the graphical source code editor Square wave filtering imidth waldo tau wal output e ER a S y S akan RD ia e e a e a A aD ed N ea FA aa a S T ES aO ere H U 7 e ge S pet NS oao Ind 005 tau Tau b ot E al a ere Ra RR GR RK RR RR RR a 4000 walueRet h Ind REE aoi DD 0 O This works for both FBD and LD programming language tim Rit TON pt FR elapsedT 750 Note that once again this tool is asynchronous 9 4 4 ILAND ST ANIMATION The live debug mode also applies to textual source code editors the ones for IL and ST You can quickly watch the values of a variable by hovering with the mouse over it Go Lo D017 Analog output 0 analog inp 0 analog inp 1 0018 0019 aoutO ainpl ainpl mozg MESE SFC state logic O022 D023 fhStatit enab inplO run inpll stop inpl2 3 O024 0025 cht ont 1 0026 0027 29133 Mnman 9 5 TRI GGERS 9 5 1 TRIGGER WINDOW The Trigger window tool allows you to select a set of variables and to have them updated synchronously in a special pop up window 120 LogicLab user manual 9 5 1 1 PRE CONDITIONS TO OPEN A TRIGGER WINDOW No n
166. network label Laber E Ok If you press OK the label is printed in the top left hand corner of the selected network Labels LogicLab user manual 6 3 4 INSERTING CONTACTS To insert new contacts on the network apply one of the following options Select a contact a block or a connection Select the insertion mode between serial or parallel using the button on the LD toolbar or the Scheme menu Insert the appropriate contact using the button on the LD toolbar the Scheme gt O0bject gt New or the pop up menu option For serial insertion the new contact will be inserted on the right side of the selected contact block or in the middle of the selected connection depending on the element selected before the insertion For parallel insertions several contacts blocks can be selected before performing the insertion The new contact will be inserted at the endpoints of the selection block 0001 Step 1 Step 2fa Drag a boolean variable to the desired place over a connection For example global variables can be taken from the Workspace window whereas local variables can be se lected from the local variables editor The dialog box shown below will appear request ing to define whether the variable should be inserted as a contact coil or variable like FBD schemes Choose the appropriate contact type Contacts inserted with drag and drop will always be inserted in series LD object type E El Object type i LD
167. nternal vari ables of this data structure persist from one execution of the function block to the next therefore invocation of a function block with the same arguments input variables does not always yield the same output values Only the input and output variables are accessible outside of an instance of a function block i e the function block s internal variables are hidden from the user of the function block In order to execute its operations a function block needs to be invoked by another POU LogicLab user manual 173 Invocation depends on the specific language of the module calling the function block The scope of an instance of a function block is local to the program organization unit in which it is instantiated Declaration syntax The declaration of a function must be performed as follows FUNCTION BLOCK FunctionBlockName VAR INPUT declaration of input variables see the relevant section END V R VAR OUTPUT declaration of output variables END VAR VAR EXTERNAL declaration of external variables END V R VAR declaration of local variables END VAR Function block body END FUNCTION BLOCK Keyword FunctionBlockName VAR EXTERNAL END V R Function block body Description Name of the function block being declared note name of the template not of its instances A function block can access global variables only if they are listed in a VAR EXTERNAL Structuring element Varia
168. o the next statement after the first loop terminator END FOR END WHILE or END RE PEAT following the EXIT statement Note the WHILE and REPEAT statements cannot be used to achieve interprocess synchronization for example as a wait loop with an externally determined termination condition The SFC elements defined must be used for this purpose Syntax Note that square brackets include optional code while braces include repeatable portions of code 1 FOR FOR control var init val TO end val BY increm val DO stat list END FOR 2 WHILE WHILE expression DO stat list END WHILE 3 REPEAT REPEAT stat_list UNTIL expression END REPEAT Examples FOR statement J 101 FOR i 1 TO 100 BY 2 DO IF arrvals i 57 THEN J iea EXIT END_IF END_FOR WHILE statement Tost WHILE jJ lt 100 AND arrvals i lt gt 57 DO j 5 j 2 END WHILE REPEAT statement yaad 3 REPEAT M ee LogicLab user manual 193 UNTIL j 101 AND arrvals i 57 END REPEAT 11 6 SEQUENTI AL FUNCTI ON CHART SFC This section defines Sequential Function Chart SFC elements to structure the internal organization of a PLC program organization unit POU written in one of the languages defined in this standard for the purpose of performing sequential control functions The definitions in this section are derived from IEC 848 with the changes necessary to convert the representations from a documentation standar
169. o let the corresponding pins coincide The FBD edi tor automatically draws the logical wires Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Block MUX Pieu MUX Sea MUX WectorByScalar E VectorByScalar _ 1 Vector By Scalar a1 wi 10 a1 wi i0 al wi az we 1 az we E az we a3 wo 12 az we Iz as ws ad ud l3 m wg b B 3 a ue b If you delete a block its connections are not removed automatically but they become in valid and they are redrawn red Click Delete invalid connection in the Scheme menu or type Ctrl B on your keyboard LogicLab user manual 73 6 4 5 EDITING NETWORKS The FBD editor is endowed with functions common to most graphic applications running on a Windows platform namely Selection of a block Selection of a set of blocks by pressing Shift left button and by drawing a frame including the blocks to select Cut Copy and Paste operations of a single block as well as of a set of blocks Drag and drop All the mentioned functions are accessible through the Edit menu or through the Main toolbar 6 4 6 MODIFYING PROPERTIES OF BLOCKS Click Increment pins inthe Scheme menu or press the Inc pins button in the FBD toolbar to increment the number of input pins of some operators and embedded func tions hI LI MOK Click Enable EN ENO pins inthe Scheme menu or press the EN ENO button in the FBD toolbar to display the enable input and output pins
170. o observe you should click on the Select Move button in the FBD bar the mouse cursor turns to its original shape 9 2 2 3 ADDI NG A VARI ABLE FROM A VARI ABLES EDITOR In order to add a variable to the Oscilloscope you can select the corresponding record in the variables editor and then either drag and drop it in the Oscilloscope ma Fast Oscilloscope Class oer Mame Type Array Initwal 3 j 1 VAR urn REAL No i 2 VAR yim REAL No 0 mefdiv 2000 00 var Den REAL No i ak ac ie a 4 VAR INPUT 0 y RE 0 S VAR_INPUT 1 Tau REAL No i amp VAR INPUT 4 Ts REAL No i 7 NAR OUTPUT o yf REAL No i or press the F10 key and choose Oscilloscope from the list of debug windows which pops UP Debug windows list Symbol to add uf Debug Rane Watch Oscilloscope Cancel LogicLab user manual 107 lab 9 2 2 4 ADDING A VARIABLE FROM THE PROJECT TREE In order to add a variable to the Oscilloscope you can select it in the project tree and then either drag and drop it in the Oscilloscope 5 Function blocks il Schema i Stati I Functions Wait C Global variables Automatic variables di freeRunCounter J Analog out 3 9 10 variables J Onda quadra r period r tau ia f valueRef Min value J Constants MI Retain variables Ea Tasks 3 Fast Q 1 or press the pops up Debug windows list Symbol to add i valueFilt Reba indo Watch
171. og box to appear which lets you select the p file of the library you want to open 2 When you have found the p file open it either by double clicking it or by pressing the Open button The dialog box of the library explorer appears in foreground Each tab in the dialog box contains a list of objects of a type consistent with the tab s title Objects filter 1 Programe Operators F Function Blocks Functions Slandard function Variables beeal variables User pes Basic Wipes ran Fre Other filters Name FF ByteT obit FEF TRIG FE FFD FF Pulse SER TRIG TERS TSA FE TOF FF WordToBit EF Word oByte Type Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Function blocks Fanchon dlink Function blacks Functon blocks Name 5 ok Location All Library Vars type ll Cancel Import objects 3 Select the tab of the type of the object s you want to import You can also make Simple queries on the objects in each tab by using Filters However note that only the Name filter actually applies to libraries To use it select a tab then enter the name of the desired object s even using the wildcard if necessary 4 Select the object s you want to import then press the Import object button 5 When you have finished importing objects press indifferently OK or Cancel to close the Library brow
172. ogicLab user manual 13 14 LogicLab user manual 3 USING THE ENVI RONMENT This chapter shows you how to deal with the many UI elements LogicLab is composed of in order to let you set up the IDE in the way which best suits to your specific development process 3 1 LAYOUT CUSTOMI ZATION The layout of LogicLab s workspace can be freely customized in order to suit your needs LogicLab takes care to save the layout configuration on application exit in order to persist your preferences between different working sessions 3 2 TOOLBARS 3 2 1 SHOWING HIDING TOOLBARS In details in order to show or hide a toolbar open the View gt Toolbars menu and select the desired toolbar for example the Function Block Diagram bar Edit Project Debug Communication Scheme Yariables Window Tools Help Fr Toolbars v Main toolbar zl Eg el B Tool windows b v Status Bar Sg Full screen Ctrl U Debug bar Ctrl B x Fax rom FED bar Ctrl D ee Grid FINE pa LD bar ChA SBE peple Froject SFC bar Ctrl Q 1 m Programs m Prosba Cus 2 FlipFlop E tg Fast 3 fhFilter Network Ctrl N i ai 4 fhSplit Main Document bar Ctrl M P J Function blocks ri 5 fbSplit_o Ht Schema P F Stati Functions 0004 5 Global variables The toolbar is then shown hidden ty File Edit view Project Debug Communication Scheme variables Window Tool Be lt om 6 BB d Sy a WHERE kra LOT ee a f a om Se Ag d
173. om the working folder If the target device is disconnected and there is no local copy of the image file compilation cannot be carried out you are then required to connect to a working target device LogicLab user manual 87 Output PlcExzanple img error I000l Invalid memory image file Please upload memory image from the target 7 2 COMPILER OUTPUT If the previous step was accomplished the compiler performs the actual compilation then prints a report in the Output bar The last string of the report has the following format m warnings n errors It tells the user the outcome of compilation Condition Description Compiler error s The PLC code contains one or more serious errors which cannot be worked around by the compiler Emission of warning s The PLC code contains one or more minor errors which the compiler automatically spotted and worked around However you are informed that the PLC program may act ina different way from what you expected you are encouraged to get rid of these warnings by editing and re compiling the application until no warning messages are emitted PLC code entirely correct compilation accomplished You should always work with O warnings O errors n gt 0 n 0 m gt 0 n m 0 7 2 1 COMPILER ERRORS When your application contains one or more errors some useful information is printed in the Output window for each of those errors Output all Generating unresolved A completed
174. omatic variables include all the variables that the compiler automatically allocates to an appropriate location in the target device memory Mapped variables on the other way do have an assigned address in the target device logical addressing system which shall be specified by the developer Constants list all the variables which the developer declared as having the CONSTANT attribute so that they cannot be written Retain variables list all the variables which the developer declared as having the RE TAIN attribute so that their values are stored in a persistent memory area of the target device GROUPS OF GLOBAL VARI ABLES You can further categorize the set of all global variables by grouping them according to application specific criteria In order to define a new group follow this procedure LogicLab user manual 37 1 Select Group from the Variables menu note that this menu is available only if the Global variables editor is open Window Inger d iB ia Delete li Variables groups Group name Cycle Analog out 3 Onda quadra Remove 3 You can now use the variable group in the declaration of new global variables 5 2 1 3 CREATING A NEW GLOBAL VARI ABLE Apply the following procedure to declare a new global variable 1 Select New object in the Project menu Debug Communication Variables Window Tools Help New object Hew program J Copy Object New function block i New functi
175. ommon a LogicLab2p0 di Docs gt di templates gt di SampleProjects gt di SimuLab LogicLab user manual 7 2 2 USING THE IDE The following steps show you how to create run and debug a simple LogicLab PLC pro gram The program will be written in the ST language and will be executed directly on your machine A virtual target VPLC1 has been installed by the setup procedure VPLC1 emulates a simple programmable controller provided with digital and analog I O 1 Launch LogicLab from the Start menu d Axel PC Tools dy LogicLab 2 GA Logiclab 2 off SimuLab i Uninstall LogicLab 2 2 When LogicLab is started for the first time not all windows and toolbars are shown You can customize LogicLab s workspace through the View menu E Wile fre vew Ped Debug Communion Window Toss Mety 233 he kr ASB ORNE D spoon onp Nae da TAP eae g 4 gt i j Fopma x B irh x B Poet 40 Dalene Recnuces ia 3 VPLC1 Configuration i E Pcl argie Boar Syrtibet valse Tyee Locaben J Mogae i Furcton bov i a anal e How 10 Use mS i J mate provect sd 7 VPLC1 Manual Custom pages Loewy x Nate Tyge Detcogter Plans Futon Bluie v l te ACOS Functor Aegre A200 Ope so itec addon SADR Doms Adten d A and oms Loge ideer AND uk ASM Furotor Acore AT AM Functor Angeri te ATAN Funcion Artangart of Yi aR Functor Ceirg of a vaa AA OOS funcion Core oe Domater ard st
176. on ER Duplicate variable New varable b Delete variable H KE 2 Select New variable from the menu that shows up Debug Communication Yariables Window Tools Help New object New program 5 g Copy Object New function block 4 New function Duplicate variable New variable Automatic Dari ee INT Auto 120 variable are properties REAL SMD Sici es Object Browser REAL hin Retain 3 Choose the class of the variable you want to declare Automatic variables Mapped variables Constants or Retain variables Debug Communication Yariables Window Tools Help New object New program J F om Sa Copy Object New function block y New function S Duplicate variable New variable aig variable INT Auto 120 variable Vaio properties REAL MD EDEA 3 Object Browser REAL MAL __ Retain 4 Enter the name of the variable remember that some characters such as V 1 I and so on cannot be used the variable name must be a valid IEC 61131 3 identifier 38 LogicLab user manual Name Kl Tyne me oo Attribute Init values 5 Specify the type of the variable either by typing it Sew Variable EJ Mame fk Te o ed Group iii EM Array Leia FE Attribute Init values Description or by selecting it from the list that LogicLab displays when you click on the Browse button New variable x e e HE sw fey Attribute Init values Description Se Ob
177. on of an SFC network is shown diagram animation being off In the right column the same portion of network is displayed when the live debug mode is active The picture in the right column shows that steps SI and S3 are currently active whereas Init S2 and S4 are inactive Note that the SFC animation manager tests periodically the state of all steps the user not being allowed to edit the sampling period Therefore it may happen that a step remains active for a slot of time too short to be displayed on the video The fact that a step is never highlighted does not imply that its action is not executed it may simply mean that the sampling rate is too slow to detect the execution 9 4 1 1 DEBUGGI NG ACTIONS AND CONDITI ONS As explained in the SFC language reference a step can be assigned to an action and a transition can be associated with a condition code Actions and conditions can be coded in any of the IEC 61131 3 languages General purpose debugging tools can be used within each action condition as if it was a stand alone POU 9 4 2 LD ANI MATI ON In live debug mode Ladder Diagram schemes are animated by highlighting the contacts and coils whose value is true in the example il and i2 timRit elapsedT 750 LogicLab user manual 119 Note that the LD animation manager tests periodically the state of all the elements It may happen that an element remains true for a slot of time too short to be displayed o
178. or Add Jump button in the SFC toolbar In either case the mouse pointer changes to Ry for steps i R for jumps for transitions 6 5 3 CONNECTING SFC ELEMENTS Follow this procedure to connect SFC blocks Click Connection mode in the Edit menu or press the Connection button in the FBD toolbar or simply press the space bar on your keyboard Click once the source pin then move the mouse pointer to the destination pin the SFC editor draws a logical wire from the former to the latter Alternatively you can enable the autoconnection mode by clicking Autoconnect in the Scheme menu or by pressing the Autoconnect button in the Network toolbar Then take the two blocks and drag them close to each other so as to let the respective pins coin cide which makes the SFC editor draw automatically the logical wire 6 5 4 ASSIGNING AN ACTION TO A STEP This paragraph explains how to implement an action and how to assign it to a step 6 5 4 1 WRITING THE CODE OF AN ACTI ON To start implementing an action you need to open an editor Do it by applying one of the following procedures Click Code object gt New action in the Scheme menu Right click on the name of the SFC POU in the Workspace window A context menu ap pears from which you can select the New Action command LogicLab user manual 75 lab In either case LogicLab displays a dialog box like the one shown below Core Cancel Languages
179. ou whether to save unsaved changes then launches the LogicLab compiler Recompiles the project Generates an RSM file Lets you import a LogicLab object from a library Lets you export a LogicLab object to a library Opens the Library manager Opens another menu which lets you create delete macros Lets you change the target Lets you specify the project options LogicLab user manual 155 10 1 5 DEBUG MENU Command Add symbol to watch Insert new item into watch Add symbol to a debug window Insert new item into a debug window Quick watch Run Add Remove breakpoint Remove all breakpoints Breakpoint list Add remove text trigger Add remove graphic trigger Remove all triggers Trigger list Debug mode Live debug mode Description Adds a symbol to the Watch window Inserts a new item into the Watch window Adds a symbol to a debug window Inserts a new item into a debug window Opens a dialog with the actual value of the variable Restarts program after a breakpoint is hit Adds removes a breakpoint Removes all the active breakpoints Lists all the active breakpoints Adds removes a text trigger Adds removes a graphic trigger Removes all the active triggers Lists all the active triggers Switches the debug mode on Switches the live debug mode on 10 1 6 COMMUNICATION MENU Command Download code Connect Settings Upload IMG file Start Stop watch value
180. out 1000 Activate Description Modbus Protocol Enable remote communication Server name Enable modem communication Dial number 4 Apply the changes you made to the communication settings Device Link Manager Config v8 2 IK Current selected protocol Modbus Protocols Active Y Modbus Active W ModbusTCP Y PCDev Activate Description Modbus Protocol Now you can establish communication by clicking Connect in the Communication menu or by pressing the Connect button in the Project toolbar miele Tools Help Hy Haario ee Ea Conmectrn 0 p zaab i a ES Boo Of Settings AR 92 LogicLab user manual 8 1 1 SAVING THE LAST USED COMMUNICATION PORT When you connect to target devices using a serial port COM port you usually use the same port for all devices many modern PCs have only one COM port You may save the last used COM port and let LogicLab use that port to override the project settings this feature proves especially useful when you share projects with other developers which may use a different COM port to connect to the target device In order to save your COM port settings enable the Use last port option in File gt Op tions menu General Graphic Editor Test E ditors Lane Save options Autosave 1 Interval min Output windami MS Mincho A Paradies Font size 40 CouierN
181. paragraphs give an overview of these elements 1 1 1 THE OUTPUT WINDOW The Output window is the place where LogicLab prints its output messages This window contains four tabs Build Find in project Debug and Resources Cutout x Preprocessing Global shared completed Preprocessing Menu completed Preprocessing basic completed Preprocessing thermmodel completed Reading symbol file L Applicazioni IEC IEC sym eml completed Reading target symbol file L Applicazioni IECsIEC syt eml completed 0 warnings 0 errors Fi Build Findin project Debug Resources j Build The Build panel displays the output of the following activities opening a project compiling a project downloading code to a target Find in project This panel shows the result of the Find in project activity Debug The Debug panel displays information about advanced debugging activities for example breakpoints Resources The Resources panel displays messages related to the specific target device LogicLab is interfacing with 1 1 2 THE STATUS BAR The Status bar displays the state of the application at its left border and an animated control reporting the state of communication at its right border Ready EDIT MODE CONNECTED A 1 1 3 THE DOCUMENT BAR The Document bar lists all the documents currently open for editing in LogicLab j fee Fast El Main Ep Global variables
182. put variables VAR OUTPUT in out variables VAR IN OUT and function result Declaration syntax The declaration of a function must be performed as follows FUNCTION FunctionName RetDataType VAR_INPUT declaration of input variables see the relevant section END_VAR VAR declaration of local variables see the relevant section END_VAR FUNCTION body END_FUNCTION Keyword Description FunctionName Name of the function being declared RetDataType Data type of the value to be returned by the function Specifies the operations to be performed upon the input variables in order to assign values dependent on the function s semantics to a variable with the same name as the function which represents the function result It can be written in any of the languages Supported by LogicLab Function body Declaring functions in LogicLab Whatever the PLC language you are using LogicLab allows you to disregard the syntax above as it supplies a friendly interface for using functions 11 1 6 2 FUNCTION BLOCKS Introduction For the purposes of programmable controller programming languages a function block is a program organization unit which when executed yields one or more values Multiple named instances copies of a function block can be created Each instance has an associ ated identifier the instance name and a data structure containing its input output and internal variables All the values of the output variables and the necessary i
183. put2 SHL 2 but Same as Inputl i bits zero filled on right BOOL Any Input1 right shifted of I nput2 2 ft ou SL ANA LE bits zero filled on left BOOL Any BOE 5 Bat Same as Input Inputl left shifted of Input2 bits circular BOOL Any aa 5 Bred Smag Inputl right shifted of I nput2 bits circular BOOL Logical AND if both Inputl AND 2 Yes Any Same as Inputl 2 and Input2 are BOOL otherwise bitwise AND Logical OR if both Inputl and OR 2 Yes Any Same as Input1 2 Input2 are BooL otherwise bitwise OR Logical XOR if both Input1 XOR 2 Yes Any Same as Input1 2 and Input2 are BOOL otherwise bitwise XOR I 1 Any Same as Input Logical NOT if Input IS BOOL otherwise bitwise NOT Selection functions Type conversion functions have the form TO xx or TO xx where is the type of the input variable and the type of the output variable e g DINT TO INT Or TO REAL Nr Input data Output Name Function operands types data types BOOL Any but Sameas_ Select Input2 if Inputl is SEL 3 BOOL Any but selected FALSE Input3 if Inputl is BOOL Input TRUE ay eo Same as Returns the maximum value MAX 3 Yes Any but max Input among Inputl nputN BOOL Any but BOOL O wan 3 vee Any but Same as Returns the minimum value min Input among Inputl InputN BOOL Any but BOOL Sane se Limits Inputl to be equal or LIMIT 3 Any but BOOL Inout 2 More than Input2 and equal Any but BOOL
184. raction with Object browser is mainly the same for all the three modes and is described in the next paragraph 5 5 1 1 COMMON CHARACTERISTICS AND USAGE OF OBJ ECT BROWSER This section describes the features and the usage of the Object browser that are com mon to every mode in which Object browser can be used Objects filter Objects filter Prograrns Operators Function Blocks Functions Standard functions Variables Local variables User types Basic types This is the main filter of the Object browser User can check one of the available ena bled object items In this example Programs Function Blocks Functions are selected so objects of this type are shown in the object list Variables and User types objects can be selected by user but objects of that type are not currently shown in the object list Operators Standard functions Local variables and Basic types cannot be checked by user because of the context so cannot be browsed LogicLab user manual 53 lab User can also click Check all button to select all available objects at one time or can click Check none button to deselect all objects at one time Other filters Other filters Name 0K Library All Vars type Selected objects can be also filtered by name symbol location specific library and var type Filters are all additive and are immediately applied after setting Name Function Filters objects on the base of their name Set of legal va
185. ragraphs 5 1 1 and 5 1 2 6 4 2 ADDING REMOVING NETWORKS Every POU coded in FBD consists of a sequence of networks A network is defined as a maximal set of interconnected graphic elements The upper and lower bounds of every network are fixed by two straight lines while each network is delimited on the left by a grey raised button containing the network number You can perform the following operations on networks To add a new blank network click Network gt New in the Scheme menu or press one of the equivalent buttons in the Network toolbar To assign a label to a selected network give the Network gt Label command from the Scheme menu This enables jumping to the labeled network To display a background grid which helps you to align objects press View grid inthe Network toolbar To add a comment press the Comment button in the FBD toolbar 6 4 3 LABELING NETWORKS You can modify the usual order of execution of networks through a jump statement which transfers the program control to a labeled network To assign a label to a network double click the raised grey button on the left that bears the network number E NO 72 LogicLab user manual This causes a dialog box to appear which lets you type the label you want to associate with the selected network Network label oj New network label Laber E Ok If you press OK the label is printed in the top left hand corner of the selected network L
186. rams Standard functions Definitions of functions common to all programmable controller programming languages are given in this paragraph A standard function specified in this paragraph to be extensible Ext is allowed to have a variable number of inputs and applies the indicated operation to each input in turn e g extensible addition gives as its output the sum of all its inputs Type conversion functions Numerical functions Bit string functions Selection functions Comparison functions Type conversion functions Type conversion functions have the form x TO xx or TO xx where is the type of the input variable and the type of the output variable e g DINT TO INT or TO REAL N Input Output r Name Function operands Converts a double integer 32 DINT TO INT 1 DINT INT bits signed into a long integer 16 bits signed Converts an integer 16 bits INT_TO_DINT 1 INT DINT signed into a long integer 32 bits signed TO BOOL 1 Any Boor Converts any data type into a boolean Converts any data type into a Converts any data type into an TO_USINT 1 Any USINT unsigned short integer 8 bits unsigned LogicLab user manual 175 Function Converts any data type into an integer 16 bits signed Converts any data type into an unsigned integer 16 bits unsigned Converts any data type into a long integer 32 bits signed Converts any data type into an Any UDINT uns
187. rder to let the SFC subnet linked to the pin on the left contain divergent branches ty Shift pin right ol LogicLab user manual lab Decreases the distance between the two rightmost 1 Shift pin left vi pins of the currently selected transition Allows the user to create a new action to be associated with one of the steps When you press New action code this button LogicLab asks you which language you want to use to implement the new action then opens the corresponding editor Allows the user to write the code to be associated with one of the transitions When you press this button LogicLab asks you which language you want to use to implement the new transition then opens the corresponding editor New transition code Ca E ee oy S040 a hs BT le 4 7 i Button Command Description 1 Library manager Opens the library manager Asks you whether to save unsaved changes then On he launches the LogicLab compiler Asks you whether to save unsaved changes then Recompile all launches the LogicLab compiler to recompile the whole project Connect to the LogicLab tries to establish a connection to the target target LogicLab checks if any changes have been applied since last compilation and compiles the project if this is the case Then it sends the target the compiled code l Code download New macro Defines a new macro Opens the object browser which lets you na
188. rg2 7 var_inN argN 3 Function block with assignment of arguments instance name var inl argl instance name var inN argN instance_name 4 Function and function block control statement RETURN Examples CMD_TMR IN 1X5 PT 300 190 LogicLab user manual FB invocation with formal argument list IN IX5 PT 300 CMD_TMR FB invocation with assignment of arguments a CMD_TMR Q FB output usage RETURN early exit from function or function block 11 5 2 3 SELECTION STATEMENTS Semantics Selection statements include the IF and CASE statements A selection statement selects one or a group of its component statements for execution based on a specified condi tion IF the IF statement specifies that a group of statements is to be executed only if the associated Boolean expression evaluates to the value TRUE If the condition is false then either no statement is to be executed or the statement group following the ELSE keyword or the ELSIF keyword if its associated Boolean condition is true is executed CASE the CASE statement consists of an expression which evaluates to a variable of type DINT the selector and a list of statement groups each group being labeled by one or more integer or ranges of integer values as applicable It specifies that the first group of statements one of whose ranges contains the computed value of the selector is to be executed If
189. rig ger on a line containing a terminator such aS END_IF END_FOR END_WHILE etc 9 5 2 9 ADDING A VARIABLE TO A TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN ST MODULE In order to watch the value of a variable you need to add it to the trigger window To this purpose select a variable by double clicking it and then drag it into the Variables window that is the the lower white box in the pop up window The variable name now appears in the Symbol column LogicLab user manual 133 9 5 2 9 5 2 134 Trigger n 0 at MAINST 6 Cx ke Cu Condition CJ None HR a 16 04 Trigger For e SHR d 16 04 The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect 10 REMOVING A VARIABLE FROM THE TRIGGER WINDOW If you want a variable not to be displayed any more in the trigger window select it by clicking its name once then press the Del key L1 USING CONTROLS This paragraph deals with trigger windows controls which allow you to better supervise the working of this debugging tool to get more information on the code under scope The main purpose of trigger window controls is to let you define more limiting conditions so that variables in Variables window are refreshed when the processor reaches the trig ger location and these conditions are satisfied If you do not use controls variables are refreshed every single time the processor reaches the relative trigger Enabling controls When you set a trigger all t
190. rigger all the elements in the Control bar are enabled You can start data acquisition by clicking the Start graphic trace acquisition button LogicLab user manual If you defined a user condition which is currently false data acquisition does not start even though you press the apposite button Ld On the contrary once the condition becomes true data acquisition starts and continues until the Start graphic trace acquisition button is released regardless for the con dition being or not still true if you release the Start graphic trace acquisition button before all the required Samples have been acquired the acquisition process stops and all the collected data get lost Defining a condition This control enables users to set a condition on when to start acquisition By default this condition is set to true and acquisition begins as soon as you press the Enable Disable acquisition button From that moment on the value of the variables in the Debug win dow is sampled every time the trigger occurs In order to specify a condition open the Condition tab of the Options dialog box then press the relevant button A text window pops up where you can write the IL code that sets the condition Trigger condition LD a GT 100 Once you have finished writing the condition code click the 0K button to install it or press the Esc button to cancel The collection of samples will not start until the Start graphic trace acquis
191. rigger n 0 at MAINLD 1 In order to display variable B in the trigger window select its reference in the Debug win dow column then press OK The name of the variable is now printed in the Symbol column Trigger n 0 at MAINLD 1 oy Ac Condition None Trigger For The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect Once you have added to the Graphic watch window all the variables you want to ob serve you can press the Normal cursor button so as to restore the original shape of the cursor 132 LogicLab user manual lab 9 5 2 8 OPENING A TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN ST MODULE Let us assume that you have an ST module also containing the following instructions 000l a hb B c c SHR a 16 04 1 1005 d e Eg f SHE d 1604 1 Let us also assume that you want to know the value of e qa and f just before the in struction f f SHR d 16 04 is executed To do so move the cursor to line 6 Then you can click the Set Remove trigger button in the Debug toolbar ka In both cases a green arrowhead appears next to the line number and the related trigger window pops up or you can press the F9 key Trigger n 0 at MAINST 6 z Cnt Condition HR a 16 04 e Trigger SHR d 16 04 Not all the ST instructions support triggers For example it is not possible to place a t
192. rmally open H associated Boolean variable is ON contact Otherwise the state of the right link is OFF The state of the left link is copied to the right link if the state of the associated Boolean variable is OFF J4 Otherwise the state of the right link is OFF The state of the right link is ON from one evaluation of this element to the next when a transition of the associated variable from OFF to ON is sensed Ph at the same time that the state of the left link is ON The state of the right link shall be OFF at all other times The state of the right link is ON from one evaluation of this element to the next when a transition of the associated variable from ON to OFF is sensed nt at the same time that the state of the left link is ON The state of the right link shall be OFF at all other times Normally closed contact Positive transition sensing contact Negative transition sensing contact 186 LogicLab user manual 11 4 4 COILS A coil copies the state of the link on its left side to the link on its right side without modi fication and stores an appropriate function of the state or transition of the left link into the associated Boolean variable Standard coil symbols are shown in the following table Name Coil Negated coil SET latch coil RESET unlatch coil Positive transition sensing coil Negative transition sensing coil 11 4 5 OPERATORS FUNCTIONS AN
193. ry manager in the Project menu of the LogicLab main window which opens the Library manager dialog box Project library list Name Link i basic cz program files thermmadel gAprogram fless A SIT Remove all LogicLab user manual 29 2 Select the library you wish to remove by clicking its name once The Remove button is now enabled Project library list Link cc program files co program files Remove Remove all UnLink KeLink 3 Click the Remove button which causes the reference to the selected library to disap pear from the Project library list 4 Repeat for all the libraries you wish to include Alternatively if you want to remove all the libraries you can press the Remove all button 5 When you have finished removing libraries press either OK to confirm or Cancel not to apply changes 4 8 2 EXPORTING TO A LIBRARY You may export an object from the currently open project to a library in order to make that object available to other projects The following procedure shows you how to export objects to a library 1 Look for the object you want to export by browsing the tree structure of the project tab of the Workspace bar then click once the name of the object 2 Click Export object to library inthe Project menu This causes the following dialog box to appear Export to library Code encryption 3 Enter the destination
194. s name of input and output pins etc 1 1 5 1 OPERATORS AND STANDARD BLOCKS This panel lists basic language elements such as operators and functions defined by the IEC 61131 3 standard Ix A65 Function Absolute value 18005 Function Arccosine ADD Operator Arithmetic addiction SND Operator Logical bitwise AND lt ASIN Function Arcsine Function Archangent Target variables thermmodel LogicLab user manual 3 1 1 5 2 TARGET VARIABLES This panel lists all the system variables also called target variables which are the inter face between firmware and PLC application code i Jad InPo INT Soho 1 DEB ANALOG BDIGITAL EN incremental position i Ad Nuci INT Soh 12 DEB ANALOG DIGITAL EN DSP cycles without position increment di Ad PeSp CINT YoMo 10 DEB ANALOG DIGITAL EM calculated speed i ad Seof IMT oh DEB ANALOG DIGITAL EN sine channel offset di Ad_viPo CINT oO Z DEB ANALOG DIGITAL EN virtual position di Ad iPolni SMV 216 DEB ANALOG DTGITAL EM 4 Operator and aaa blocks 4 Target variables thermmodel 1 1 5 3 TARGET BLOCKS This panel lists all the system functions and function blocks available on the specific target device Descriptor Tyne Ta zychisqinterpMono Function Checks messages trom single amis int JF 2ysQuiesinterphonoPle Function Verifies the end of an
195. s read only control counts how many times the debug window manager has been trig gered since the window was installed The window manager automatically resets this counter every time a new triggering ses sion is started LogicLab user manual 125 Trigger state This read only control shows the user the state of the Debug window It can assume the following values Heady The trigger has not occurred during the current task execution Triggered The trigger has occurred during the current task execution System is not triggering Triggering has not been started yet or it has been stopped by user or an halt condition has been reached Communication with target interrupted the state of the trigger window cannot be determined User defined condition Condition a If you define a condition by using this control the values in the Debug window are re freshed every time the window manager is triggered and the user defined condition is true After you have entered a condition the control displays its simplified expression Condition AGT 100 C Counters None Trigger C For OD After These controls allow the user to define conditions on the trigger counter The trigger window can be in one of the following three states None no counter has been started up thus no condition has been specified upon the trigger For assuming that you gave the counter limit the value N the window manager adds 1 to t
196. s window A value per unit of the y axis By unit of the y axis is Value div meant the space between two horizontal lines of the background grid Hide Check this flag to hide selected track on the graph Unit Push Apply to make your changes effective or push OK to apply your changes and to close the options tab User defined condition If you define a condition by using this control the sampling process does not start until that condition is satisfied Note that unlike trigger windows once data acquisition begins Samples are taken every time the window manager is triggered regardless of the user condition being still true or not After you enter a condition the control displays its simplified expression Condition AGT 100 Ga 9 6 2 DEBUGGING WITH THE GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW The graphic trigger window tool allows you to select a set of variables and to have them Sampled synchronously and their curve displayed in a special pop up window 9 6 2 1 OPENING THE GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN IL MODULE Let us assume that you have an IL module also containing the following instructions WUD 002 ID a 0003 ADD b 004 oT a 005 OO06 ID c Ooo ADD d 008 ar E 009 010 ID k 0011 ADD 1 012 ST H Amts LogicLab user manual 143 lab Let us also assume that you want to know the value of b qa and k just before the ST k instruction is executed To do so move the cursor to line 12 UU 0010 ID K
197. scription incr l INT Auto Analog out 3 0 3 period REAL WMWD111 Onda guadra No T 4 value Ilt REAL Fo ht a Onda quadra Wo O 5 tau REAL wM Onda quadra No 0 E valueRet REAL MOI Ondaquadra Wo 0 fr 7 kinilner INT Auto Analog outa Mo 50 CONSTANT 6 LogicLab user manual 2 1 QUICK START This chapter is a step by step tutorial that introduces you to the use of the LogicLab de velopment environment You will be guided through all the tasks you need to accomplish in order to run and moni tor a simple PLC application The examples in this chapter refer to a virtual target VPLC1 which ts installed along with LogicLab during the setup procedure SETUP PROCEDURE In order to install LogicLab follow this simple procedure 1 Close all the applications running on the system 2 Run LogicLab s setup executable file and follow the instructions shown in the setup wizard fe Setup Axel LogicLab 2 8 0 9 Welcome to the Axel LogicLab 2 8 0 9 Setup Wizard This will install Axel PC Tools LogicLab 2 8 0 9 on your computer It is recommended that you close all other applications before continuing Click Next to continue or Cancel to exit Setup The setup procedure adds the following Start menu d Axel PC Tools dk LogicLab 2 GB Logiclab2 efi SimuLab i gt Uninstall LogicLab 2 The LogicLab s folder in the file system has the following structure 4 Axel PC Tools gt di Catalog gt di C
198. select the correspondent item in the Project menu E CJ Global variables 3 Automatic variables H CI Analog out 3 idi freeRunCounter J Const Duplicate variable I Retai Delete variable E al Tasks Export variable to library Copy name Ctrl C 2 Change the variable name and confirm Object properties Object name Properties Description Type gt VARIABLE Attribute Normal Val type gt UINT Address Auto Cancel Finally you can create a duplicate of the variable in this way 1 Select Duplicate variable from the contextual menu or the Project menu MI Global variables FE Automatic variables E O Analog out 3 di freeRunCounter Tila E 9 I O Variable properties a C Cons Duplicate variable C Retai Delete variable R E Task Esport variable to library Copy name Chec 2 Enter the name of the new variable and confirm 42 LogicLab user manual 5 2 1 5 DELETING A GLOBAL VARI ABLE Follow this procedure to remove a global variable from you project 1 Open the folder in the Project tab of the workspace that contains the variable you want to delete ER Global variable H ER Automatic variables Ra Analog out 3 di freeAunCourter ui ki ui kp H E 170 variables I Constants Retain variables i Tasks 2 Right click the name of the variable you want to delete A context menu appears re ferred to the selected variable Glo
199. ser 4 8 3 1 UNDOING IMPORT FROM A LIBRARY When you import an object in a LogicLab project you actually make a local copy of that object Therefore you just need to delete the local object in order to undo import LogicLab user manual 31 32 LogicLab user manual 5 1 MANAGING PROJECT ELEMENTS This chapter shows you how to deal with the elements which compose a project namely Program Organization Units briefly POUs tasks derived data types and variables PROGRAM ORGANI ZATION UNITS This paragraph shows you how to add new POUs to the project how to edit and eventu ally remove them 5 1 1 CREATING A NEW PROGRAM ORGANI ZATION UNIT 1 Select the New object item in the Project menu aoe Debug Communication Tools Help New object X New program New function block New function New variable gt rera 2 Specify what kind of POU you want to create by clicking one of the items in the sub menu which pops up 3 Select the language you will use to implement the POU Language Mik Name Main Task Task Assign to Cancel Cancel Enter the name of the new module Language OIL Name Mairi Ofe OLD ST SFC 4 Confirm the operation by clicking on the OK button Alternatively you can create a new POU of a specific type program function block or function by right clicking on the correspondent item of the project tree ET Project
200. ser manual Command Output Async Graphic window Watch window Full screen Grid 10 1 4 PROJECT MENU Command New object Copy object Paste object Duplicate object Delete object PLC object properties Object browser Compile Recompile all Generate redistributable source module Import object from library Export object to library Library manager Macros Select target Options Description If checked displays the Output window otherwise hides it If checked displays the Oscilloscope window otherwise hides it If checked displays the Watch window otherwise hides it Expands the currently active document window to full screen Press Esc to restore the normal appearance of the LogicLab interface If checked displays a dotted grid in a graphical source code editor background Description Opens another menu which lets you create a new POU or declare a new global variable Copies the object currently selected in the Workspace Pastes the previously copied object Duplicates the object currently selected in the Workspace and asks you to type the name of the copy Deletes the currently selected object As explained above you need to release the Save project command to definitively erase a document from your project Shows properties and description of the object currently selected in the Workspace Opens the Oject browser which lets you navigate between objects Asks y
201. stWegateD ORO SF testNegatewORD ERAS SA EF BitTobyte dF BitT oword 13 BrleTow ord FFE F F_TRIG SF TOF EF TON F Pulse E R_TRIG EF ByteToBit SF WordToBit WordT oByte Fil Type Functions Funchorns Function blacks Function blacks Functions Functions Functions Function blocks Function blacks Function blocks Function blacks Function blocks Function blacks Function blocks Function blacks Funchon blocks iL Description Bistable reset dominant Bistable set dominant Compose a byte from B bits Compose word from 16 bits Compose a word trom bytes D tipe flip flop Falling edge detector OFF delay timer OM delay timer Pulse generator Rising edge detector Split 4 byte inte bits Splita word into bits Split a word inte two bytes Object list shows all the filtered objects List can be ordered in ascending or discend ing way by clicking on the header of the column So it is possible to order items by Name Type or Description Double clicking on an item allows the user to perform the default associated operation the action is the same of the OK Import object or Open source button actions When item multiselection is allowed Select all and Select none buttons are visible It is possible to select all objects by clicking on Select all button Select none dese lects all objects If at least an item is selected on the list operation buttons are enabled E F f testNega
202. t STRUCT lt declaration of stucture elements gt END STRUCT END TYPE For example consider the following declaration TYPE structurel STRUCT eleml USINT elem2 USINT elem3 INT LogicLab user manual 167 elem3 REAL END STRUCT END TYPE 11 1 4 LITERALS 11 1 4 1 NUMERIC LI TERALS External representation of data in the various programmable controller programming lan guages consists of numeric literals There are two classes of numeric literals integer literals and real literals A numeric literal is defined as a decimal number or a based number Decimal literals are represented in conventional decimal notation Real literals are dis tinguished by the presence of a decimal point An exponent indicates the integer power of ten by which the preceding number needs to be multiplied to obtain the represented value Decimal literals and their exponents can contain a preceding sign or Integer literals can also be represented in base 2 8 or 16 The base is in decimal notation For base 16 an extended set of digits consisting of letters A through F is used with the conventional significance of decimal 10 through 15 respectively Based numbers do not contain any leading sign or Boolean data are represented by the keywords FALSE Or TRUE Numerical literal features and examples are shown in the table below Feature description Examples Integer literals 12 0 123 986 Real literals 12 0 0 0 0 4560 1
203. t Fast fbFilter yvF gogg 499 702 117 The toolbar allows you to better control the Oscilloscope A detailed description of the function of each control is given later in this chapter The Chart area includes several items Plot area containing the curve of the variables Vertical cursors cursors identifying two distinct vertical lines The values of each vari able at the intersection with these lines are reported in the corresponding columns Scroll bar if the scale of the x axis is too large to display all the samples in the Plot area the scroll bar allows you to slide back and forth along the horizontal axis The lower section of the Oscilloscope is a table consisting of a row for each variable 9 2 1 OPENING AND CLOSING THE OSCILLOSCOPE To open the Oscilloscope click on the Async button of the Main toolbar DARA Ao El To close the Oscilloscope click on the Async button again w EH Alternatively you can click on the Close button in the top right corner of the Oscillo scope window LogicLab user manual 105 lab In both cases closing the Oscilloscope means simply hiding it not resetting it As a mat ter of fact if you open again the Oscilloscope after closing it you will see that plotting of the curve of all the variables you added to it starts again 9 2 2 ADDING ITEMS TO THE OSCILLOSCOPE In order to plot the evolution of the value of a variable you need to add it to the Oscil loscope Note that
204. t preview faithfully what you get if you print the document in the currently active window If pressed displays the Workspace also called AO PACE Project window otherwise hides it If pressed displays the Output window otherwise hides it If pressed displays the Libraries window otherwise hides it Output alala e e ela ae ew se Library LogicLab user manual 159 Button Command Watch Async Force I O PLC run time monitor Full screen OD a alH a 10 2 2 FBD TOOLBAR Fr ez sea I Button Command Move Insert Connection Watch New block Constant Return B NL EEG Jump Comment EJ Inc pins Dec pins h Description If checked displays the Watch window otherwise hides it If checked displays the Oscilloscope window otherwise hides it If pressed displays the Force I 0 window otherwise hides it If checked displays the PLC run time window otherwise hides it Expands the currently active document window to full screen Press Esc or release the Full screen button to restore the normal appearance of the LogicLab interface EODmMtH 3 ae c Description Editing mode which allows you to insert and move blocks Editing mode which allows you to draw logical wires to connect pins Editing mode which allows you to add variables to any debugging tool Lets you insert a new block into t
205. t you can never place a trigger in a block representing a variable such as kl you must select the first available block preceding the selected variable In the example of the above figure you must move the cursor to network 3 and click the ADD block Now click the Graphic trace button in the Debug toolbar Ea This causes the colour of the selected block to turn to green a white circle with the trig ger ID number inside to appear in the middle of the block and the related trigger window to pop up MAINFBD 3 0 3 4 d UINT Auto No k UINT Auto No LogicLab user manual 145 When preprocessing the FBD source code compiler translates it into IL instructions The ADD instruction in network 3 is expanded to ID k ADD 1 ST K When you add a trigger to an FBD block you actually place the trigger before the first statement of its IL equivalent code 9 6 2 4 ADDING A VARIABLE TO THE GRAPHIC TRIGGER WINDOW FROM AN FBD MODULE In order to watch the diagram of a variable you need to add it to the trigger window Let us assume that you want to see the plot of the variable k of the FBD code in the figure below To this purpose press the Watch button in the FBD bar The cursor will become as follows Now you can click the block representing the variable you wish to be shown in the graphic trigger window In the example we are considering click the button block gt A dialog box appears l
206. te Free riten data space Oh 0 KByte 1 warnings 0 errors Project x E Man EA Project 9 Definitions E PlcExample Project gt J Programs a Main MyProgram J Function blocks J Functions J Global variables 5j Tasks 4 Fast 43 Slow Ta Main gt Init An po Type Address Es n UINT Auto No Output Generating program MAIN Generating unresolved conpleted Code size 40h 0 KByte Free code space 7FFCOh 511 KByte Data space 100004 64 KByte Free data space FFF6h i 63 KByte Bit data space Oh 0 KByte Free bit d ta space Oh 0 KByte Riten data space Oh 0 KByte Free riten data space Oh i 0 KByte 0 warnings 0 errors v 4 h Build Find in project 4 Debug LogicLab user manual 89 7 3 COMMAND LI NE COMPI LER 90 LogicLab s compiler can be used independently from the IDE in LogicLab s directory you can find an executable file Command line compiler which can be invoked for example in a batch file with a number of options In order to get information about the syntax and the options of this command line tool just launch the executable without parameters eo CO WINDOWS ystem4 icmd exe Down load compiled project Fa H GCLs lt files GT Ts lt file gt rGGL 4file gt F lt commz T lt target gt MI File Ek pwd i Hote the flags Cif not already compiled will
207. teD WORD F f testNegatew ORO EJAS ESF F J BitToByte F i EitT ow ord F Byte T ow ord feJ FF D E4F_TRIG Bi TOF e 9 TOR Ed Pulse EJA_TRIG i E d ByteT oBit B Jw ordToBit ed Word oBute Functions Functions Function blacks Function blocks Functions Functions Functions Function blacks Function blacks Function blacks Function blacks Function blacks Function blacks Function blacks Function blacks Function blacks Description Bistable reset dominant Bistable set dominant Compose a byte from amp bits word from 16 bits word from 2 bytes Compose Compose D type Flip Flop Falling edge detector OFF delay timer ON delay timer Pulse generator Rizing edge detector Split a byte into bits Split a word into Bits Split a word into two bytes LogicLab user manual 57 Resize Window can be resized the cursor changes along the border of the dialog and allows the user to resize window When reopened Object browser dialog takes the same size and position of the previous usage Close dialog You have two options for closing the Object browser Press the button near the right end border of the caption bar i laa al Press the Cancel 0K button below the filter box 5 5 1 2 USING OBJ ECT BROWSER AS A BROWSER 58 To use Object browser in this way click on Object browser in the Project menu This causes the Object browser dialog box to appear which lets you navigate between the
208. textual languages IL ST indicates the line in Line which the trigger is placed For the other languages the value is always 1 9 5 1 3 TRI GGER WI NDOW INTERFACE Setting a trigger causes a pop up window to appear which is called Interface window this is the interface to access the debugging functions that the trigger window makes available It consists of three elements as shown below Trigger n 0 at MAIN 3 ERA Crit Condition Trigger Caption bar The Caption bar of the pop up window shows information on the location of the trigger which causes the refresh of the Variables window when reached by the processor The text in the Caption bar has the following format Trigger n X at ModuleName Location 122 LogicLab user manual where X Trigger identifier Name of the program function or function block where the trigger was placed Exact location of the trigger within module ModuleName ModuleName If ModuleName is in IL Location has the following format N1 Otherwise if ModuleName is in FBD it becomes N2SBT BID Location where N1 Instruction line number network number N2 BT block type operand function function block etc BID block identifier Controls section This dialog box allows the user to better control the refresh of the trigger window to get more information on the code under scope A detailed description of the function of each control is given in the Trigger w
209. the CONSTANT qualifier a variable declared as VAR GLOBAL CONSTANT in a configuration element or program or ganization unit the containing element is used in a VAR EXTERNAL declaration with out the CONSTANT qualifier of any element contained within the containing element 11 1 5 4 QUALIFIERS Qualifier Description The attribute CONST indicates that the variables within the structuring elements are constants i e they have ee a constant value which cannot be modified once the PLC project has been compiled The attribute RETAIN Indicates that the variables means within the structuring elements are retentive i e they keep their value even after the target device is reset or switched off 11 1 5 5 SINGLE ELEMENT VARIABLES AND ARRAYS 170 A single element variable represents a single data element of either one of the elemen tary types or one of the derived data types An array is a collection of data elements of the same data type in order to access a single element of the array a subscript or index enclosed in square brackets has to be used Subscripts can be either integer literals or single element variables To easily represent data matrices arrays can be multi dimensional in this case a com posite subscript is required one index per dimension separated by commas The maxi mum number of dimensions allowed in the definition of an array is three LogicLab user manual 11 1 5 6 DECLARATION SYNTAX
210. the value of the selector does not occur in a range of any case the statement sequence following the keyword ELSE if it occurs in the CASE statement is executed Otherwise none of the statement sequences is executed LogicLab does not set any constraint on the maximum allowed number of selections in CASE statements Syntax Note that square brackets include optional code while braces include repeatable portions of code 1 IF IF expressionl THEN stat_list ELSIF expression2 THEN stat list ELSE stat list END_IF 2 CASE CASE expressionl OF inty I p Tot J stat_list t iney te inv I stat list ELSE stat list LogicLab user manual 191 ab END CASE intv being either a constant or an interval a or a b Examples IF statement IF d 0 0 THEN nRoots t 0 ELSIF d 0 0 THEN nRoots 1 ad o 7 22 ay 7 ELSE nRoots 2 j xl b SORT d 2 0 a x2 b SORT d 2 0 a END_IF CASE statement CASE tw OF ly a display oven temp FA display motor speed Se display gross_tare ds Geal display status tw 4 ELSE display 0 tw error 1 END CASE 11 5 2 4 ITERATI ON STATEMENTS Semantics Iteration statements specify that the group of associated statements are executed repeat edly The FOR statement is used if the number of iterations can be determined in advance otherwise the WHILE Or REPEAT constructs
211. tics of the allowed combinations of steps and transitions Example Rule Normal transition An evolution from step 33 to step S4 takes place if and only if step s3 is in the active state and the transition condition c IS TRUE Divergent transition An evolution takes place from s5 to s6 if and only if s5 is active and the transition condition e iS TRUE or from s5 to s8 only if S5 is active and f Is TRUE and e IS FALSE Convergent transition An evolution takes place from s7 to S10 only if S7 Is active and the transition condition h is TRUE or from s9 to S10 only if S9 is active and j is TRUE Simultaneous divergent transition An evolution takes place from s11 to S12 14 only if S11 is active and the transition condition b associated to the common transition IS TRUE After the simultaneous activation of S12 14 etc the evolution of each sequence proceeds independently Simultaneous convergent transition An evolution takes place from S13 S15 to S16 only if all steps above and connected to the double horizontal line are active and the transition condition d associated to the common transition iS TRUE 198 LogicLab user manual Examples Invalid scheme Equivalent allowed scheme Note I 30 7 l 31 Expected behavior an evolution takes place from S30 to S33 if a Is FALSE and d IS TRUE The scheme in the leftmost column IS invalid because conditions d and TRUE are directly lin
212. tion bl New functor New variable d sl Fl PLC Object properties Alt Enter E Compie F7 Recompile all REE Generate redistributable source module Import object from library ta Library manager Macros j Select target Options Choose the ST language insert the new program name for example Main and press OK It is also possible to assign here the program to one of the available tasks Language IL Name M ain Task Assign to LogicLab user manual 9 LogicLab shows now the editor window of the Main program object On the top of the window there is the local variables editor The variables editor allows to add remove copy and paste variable definitions Name Type Address Array Init value Attribute Description The textual source code editor is placed in the bottom part of the window 6 Insert a new local variable by pressing the Insert record button in the Project toolbar Alternatively you can use the Insert option of the Variables menu 7 Edit the name for example Counter and the type of the variable A double click in the type field opens the type selection dialog Choose the INT data type 8 Implement a simple counter in ST language as shown below El Bant Mame Type Address Array Init value Attribute Description 1 counter INT Auto No 0 e je p002 t A simple counter 00a counter counter l 9 In order to be executed the program Ma
213. tion control elements 11 3 3 2 COMBINATION OF ELEMENTS 182 Elements of the FBD language must be interconnected by signal flow lines Outputs of blocks shall not be connected together In particular the wired OR construct of the LD language is not allowed as an explicit Boolean oR block is required Feedback A feedback path is said to exist in a network when the output of a function or function block is used as the input to a function or function block which precedes it in the network the associated variable is called a feedback variable Feedback paths can be utilized subject to the following rules 1 Feedback variables must be initialized and the initial value is used during the first evaluation of the network Look the Global variables editor the Local variables editor or the Parameters editor to know how to initialize the respective item 2 Once the element with a feedback variable as output has been evaluated the new value of the feedback variable is used until the next evaluation of the element For instance the Boolean variable RUN is the feedback variable in the example shown below LogicLab user manual Explicit loop I mplicit loop ready D AHDOD OR run 11 3 4 EXECUTION CONTROL ELEMENTS 11 3 4 1 EN ENO SIGNALS Additional Boolean EN Enable input and ENo Enable Out characterize LogicLab blocks according to the declarations EN ENO VAR_INPUT VAR_OUTPUT EN BOOL 1
214. tor allows you to code and modify POUs using IL i e Instruction List one of the EC compliant languages 6 1 1 EDITING FUNCTIONS The IL editor is endowed with functions common to most editors running on a Windows platform namely Text selection Cut Copy and Paste operations Find and Replace functions Drag and drop of selected text Many of these functions are accessible through the Edit menu or through the Main tool bar 6 1 2 REFERENCE TO PLC OBJECTS If you need to add to your IL code a reference to an existing PLC object you have two options You can type directly the name of the PLC object You can drag it to a suitable location For example global variables can be taken from the Workspace window whereas standard operators and embedded functions can be dragged from the Libraries window whereas local variables can be selected from the local variables editor 6 1 3 AUTOMATIC ERROR LOCATION The IL editor also automatically displays the location of compiler errors To know where a compiler error occurred double click the corresponding error line in the Output bar LogicLab user manual 65 lab 6 1 4 BOOKMARKS You can set bookmarks to mark frequently accessed lines in your source file Once a book mark is set you can use a keyboard command to move to it You can remove a bookmark when you no longer need it 6 1 4 1 SETTING A BOOKMARK Move the insertion point to the line where you w
215. u can see the list of all LogicLab s toolbars The buttons making up each toolbar are always the same whatever the currently active document However some of them may produce no effect if there is no logical relation to the active document 10 2 1 MAIN TOOLBAR 4 62 BEST R E aamen Se Kr a bs c Button Command Description ig New project Creates a new project a Open project Opens an existing project Saves all documents in the currently open windows including the project file Note that since all modifications to a LogicLab project are first applied in memory only you need to release the Save project command to make them permanent Save project Undo Cancels last change made in the document Redo Restores the last change canceled by Undo ml FE Removes the selected items from the active document and stores them in a system buffer Copy Copies the selected items to a system buffer Pastes in the active document the contents of the Paste system buffer Asks you to type a string and searches for its first Find Instance within the active document from the current location of the cursor Find naxt Iterates the search previously performed by the Find command Find in project Opens the Find in project dialog box Displays a dialog box which lets you set printing Print options and print the document in the currently active window Shows a picture on your video that reproduces Prin
216. unlike trigger windows and the Graphic trigger window you can add to the Oscilloscope all the variables of the project regardless of where they were declared 9 2 2 1 ADDING A VARIABLE FROM A TEXTUAL SOURCE CODE EDITOR Follow this procedure to add a variable to the Oscilloscope from a textual that is IL or ST source code editor select a variable by double clicking on it and then drag it into the Oscilloscope window EJ Medium Oscilloscope ms div 2000 00 Min value Max value The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect 9 2 2 2 ADDING A VARIABLE FROM A GRAPHICAL SOURCE CODE EDITOR Follow this procedure to add a variable to the Oscilloscope from a graphical that is LD FBD or SFC source code editor 1 Press the Watch button tn the FBD bar bw 2 Click on the block representing the variable you wish to be shown in the Oscilloscope Min value Max valu 106 LogicLab user manual lab 3 Adialog box appears listing all the currently existing instances of debug windows and asking you which one is to receive the object you have just clicked on Debug windows list Symbol to add valueFilt Debug windows watch Oscilloscope Select Oscilloscope the press 0K The name of the variable is now displayed in the Track column The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect Once you have added to the Oscilloscope all the variables you want t
217. value and location are now displayed in a new row of the Watch win dow watch X A dei hk Esa Ea Symbol Type Location mee NP FALSE BOOL global m INP6 TRUE BOOL global FE LIT 1 FALSE BOOL global The same procedure applies to all the variables you wish to inspect Once you have added to the Watch window all the variables you want to observe you Should click on the Se ect Move button in the FBD bar the mouse cursor turns to its Original shape LogicLab user manual 99 9 1 2 3 ADDING A VARIABLE FROM A VARIABLES EDITOR In order to add a variable to the Watch window you can select the corresponding record in the variables editor and then either drag and drop it in the Watch window Init E Man Type Address Array Initvalue Attribute p i 2 icn INT Auto No 0 3 fhStati Stati Auto No i Ai 0002 Ladder logic or press the F8 key BE Emin 1 Watch Address Array Initvalue Attribute i 2 ent INT Auto No 0 p FF fbschema 3 fbStati Stati Auto No i f 0002 Ladder logic 9 1 2 4 ADDING A VARIABLE FROM THE PROJECT TREE 100 In order to add a variable to the Watch window you can select it in the project tree and then either drag and drop it in the Watch window tS gg X Watch ET Project Definitions Fr 7s b peple Project B E Programs FU Fast Init E Main Local variables i ent i fbSchema FF fbStati J Function blocks
218. ve trigger The same procedure applies to trigger window removal in order to definitely close a debug window click once the instruction block where the trigger was inserted then press this button again This button operates exactly as the above Set Remove trigger except for that it opens a graphic trigger window It can be used likewise Al Graphic trace are also to remove a graphic trigger window Shortcut key pressing Shift F9 is equivalent to clicking on Set Remove trigger button Pressing this key causes all the existing trigger windows and the graphic trigger window to be removed simultaneously Shortcut key pressing Ctril Shift F9 is equivalent to clicking on this button This key opens a dialog listing all the existing 5 Trigger list trigger windows Shortcut key pressing CtrI I is equivalent to clicking on this button Remove all triggers LogicLab user manual 121 x Type Module Line Open G System T AMS Remove T Fast 14 T rit Remove all T Slow Each record refers to a trigger window either graphic or textual The following table ex plains the meaning of each field Field Description T trigger window Type a G graphic trigger window Name of the program function or function block where Modute the trigger is placed If the module is a function block this field contains its name not the name of its instance where you actually put the trigger For the
219. vigate a BRS er between objects PLC Obj Shows properties and description of the object properties currently selected in the Workspace pe e E Adds a new row to the table in the currently active editor if PLC editor to the table of local variables if parameters editor to the table of parameters etc KA PAI BES rocord Deletes the variable in the selected row of the currently active table E BER Insert record Generate T redistributable Creates an RSM file of the project source module LogicLab user manual 163 10 2 6 NETWORK TOOLBAR iil ff BE Or Button Command Description Adds a blank network at the top of the active LD Insert Top FBD document Adds a blank network at the bottom of the active LD FBD document Adds a blank network after the selected network in the active LD FBD document Adds a blank network before the selected network in the active LD FBD document If checked displays a dotted grid in the LD FBD editor background Insert Bottom Insert After Insert Before View grid If checked enables auto connection that is Auto connect automatic creation of a logical wire linking the pins of two blocks when they are brought close rE B 0 16 10 2 7 DEBUG TOOLBAR Button Command Description Debug mode Switch on off the Debug mode Live debug mode Switch on off the Live debug mode Set Remove Sets removes a trig
220. x Library PESES AE Module TARGET conpleted Preprocessing Module MAIN completed Preprocessing basic completed Preprocessing thermmodel completed Name XI ABS LZ ACOs ADD amp AND LC ASIN 0 warnings 0 errors pf Build i Find in project Debug Show or hide the Output bar The tool window is then shown hidden FU File Edit View Project Debug Communication Scheme Variables Window Tools Help Bata ct Be ACA SR ORDERS E Bata FOOD ti te a ka By Ma ATTIRE ze Project a Project Definitions i Name Type Address E B peple Project J Programs 2 fhFlipFlop FF_D Auto S f Fa 3 fbFilter TusFilter Auto Init ee r s Main 4 fhSplit ByteToBit Auto 29 Function blocks 5 fhsplit 0 ByteToBit Auto Ht Schema i m Fa Stati C Functions E 9 Global variables Square wave on output E7 Tasks Period 10 ms waldi period Library Name Type Description IxIABS Function Absolute value lacas Function rccosine ADD Operator rithmetic addition AND Operator Logical bitwise AND 22 ASIN Function Aresine GC ATAN Function Arctangent ATAN2 Function Arctangent of Y7X all aia and standard blocks Target variables basic thermmodel LogicLab user manual 17 3 3 2 MOVING TOOL WINDOWS In order to move a tool window click on its name at the top of the window and then drag and
221. y Recent Documents B Desktop My Documents My Computer Te File name watch My Network Save astype watch list file ws v LogicLab user manual 103 In order to load a watch list follow this procedure 1 Click on the corresponding item in the Watch window toolbar 2 Browse the file system and select the watch list file Select watch list file Look ir E SoftPanelPle Je i Backup i Em MM y Recent Documents E D esktop My Documents n hy Computer n a File name watch wis vw Den My Network Files of type Watch list file wls Cancel The set of symbols in the watch list is added to the Watch window Watch amp sumlo2 361 375 REAL vIO2 0 007 REAL amp sumwa 2062 08 REAL v2 0 034 REAL 9 2 OSCILLOSCOPE The Oscilloscope allows you to plot the evolution of the values of a set of variables Be ing an asynchronous tool the Oscilloscope cannot guarantee synchronization of samples Opening the Oscilloscope causes a new window to appear next to the right hand border of the LogicLab frame This is the interface for accessing the debugging functions that the Oscilloscope makes available The Oscilloscope consists of three elements as shown in the following picture 104 LogicLab user manual Oscilloscope x HAA AeA eA gt es g as div 2000 00 e ett Fast Fask FbFilter 4 500 000 Fas

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