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InnoTek VirtualBox User Manual

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1. PRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BU OT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME HE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 16 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY INCLUDING BUT NO IMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS A 2 3 zlib license This software is provided as is without any express or implied warranty In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software Permission is granted
2. H O rH EH UWKHOHWS E END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 104 Glossary A ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface an industry spe cification for BIOS and hardware extensions to configure PC hardware and perform power management Windows 2000 and higher as well as Linux 2 4 and higher support ACPI Windows can only enable or disable ACPI support at installation time API Application Programming Interface APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller a newer version of the original PC PIC programmable interrupt controller Most modern CPUs contain an on chip APIC local APIC Many systems also contain an I O APIC input output APIC as a sperate chip which provides more than 16 IRQs Windows 2000 and higher use a different kernel if they detect an I O APIC during installation Therefore an I O APIC must not be re moved after installation COM Microsoft Component Object Model a programming infrastruc ture for modular software COM allows applications to provide application programming interfaces which can be accessed from various other programming languages and applications Virtual Box makes use of COM both internally and externally to provide a comprehensive API to 3rd party developers DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol This allows a network ing device in a n
3. sss 58 7 21 VBoxManage updatesettings esses eme 58 8 Advanced Topics 4 sod eo ee t e Ue ee See else 59 8 1 VirtualBox configuration data sesseseseee m eee eme 59 8 2 Automated Windows Guest Logons VBoxGINA seseee 60 8 3 Custom external VRDP authentication seem 60 8 4 Secure Labeling with VBoxSDL sseseee He 61 8 5 Custom VESA resolutions etre Benin 62 8 6 Releasing modifiers with VBoxSDL on Linux eee 62 9 VirtualBox Application Programming Interfaces seem 63 10 Troubleshooting 22 5 8 det eerte ret eerie leote ee dente ese aea 64 10 T General 2 35 35 e ER SEN e RN iU 64 10 1 1 Collecting debugging information se 64 10 1 2 Guest shows IDE errors for VDI on slow host file system 64 10 1 3 Responding to guest IDE flush requests eee 65 10 2 Wandows guests i cde 2 sen essen en ars ss 65 10 2 1 Windows boot failures bluescreens after changing VM configuration 65 10 2 2 Windows 2000 installation failures eee 65 10 2 3 How to record bluescreen information from Windows guests 66 10 2 4 No networking in Windows Vista guests eee 66 10 3 Windows HOSTS cc 2 8 2a se eR Ee PER REIR rag ER eruta 66 10 3 1 VBoxSVC out of process COM server issues eene 66 10 3 2 CD DVD changes
4. UDING WITHOUT LIMITA HQABQAPOCURG Fl to Jd 10 U S GOVERNMENT END USERS The Covered Code is a commercial item as that term is defined in 98 3rd party licenses LT 12 13 48 C F R 2 101 Oct 1995 consisting of commercial computer software and commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used in 48 C F R 12 212 Sept 1995 Consistent with 48 C F R 12 212 and 48 C F R 227 7202 1 through 227 7202 4 June 1995 all U S Government End Users acquire Covered Code with only those rights set forth herein MISCELLANEOUS This License represents the complete agreement concerning subject matter hereof If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable This License shall be governed by California law provisions except to the extent applicable law if any provides otherwise excluding its conflict of law provisions With respect to disputes in which at least one party is a citizen of or an entity chartered or registered to do business in the United States of America any litigation relating to this Lice
5. 0 This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser General Public License also called this License Each licensee is addressed as you A library means a collection of software functions and or data prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs which use some of those functions and data to form executables The Library below refers to any such software library or work which has been distributed under these terms A work based on the Library means either the Library or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Library or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated straightforwardly into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For a library complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the library Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running a program using the Libra
6. 342 Availability of Source Code 95 3rd party licenses Any Modification which You create or to which You contribute must be made available in Source Code form under the terms of this License either on the same media as an Executable version or via an accepted Distribution Mechanism must remain available for at least twel months after the date it initially became available or at leas 6 months after a subsequent version of that particular Modifi Electronic Distribution Mechanism is maintained by a third part 3 3 Description of Modifications You must cause all Covered Code to which You contribute to cont the date of any change You must include a prominent statement the Modification is derived directly or indirectly from Origi Executable version or related documentation in which You descri origin or ownership of the Covered Cod 3 4 Intellectual Property Matters a Third Party Claims If Contributor has knowledge that a license under a third Electronic Distribution Mechanism to anyone to whom you made an Executable version available and if made available via Electronic ve 12 t six cation has been made available to such recipients You are responsible for ensuring that the Source Code version remains available even if the y aina file documenting the changes You made to create that Covered Code and that nal Code provided by the Initial Developer and including th
7. If you have downloaded installation media from the Internet in the form of an ISO image file most probably in the case of a Linux distribution you would normally burn this file to an empty CD or DVD and proceed as just described With VirtualBox however you can skip this step and mount the ISO file directly VirtualBox will then present this file as a CD or DVD ROM drive to the virtual machine much like it does with virtual hard disk images In this case in the settings dialog go to the CD DVD ROM section and select ISO image file This brings up the Virtual Disk Image Manager where you perform the following steps 16 Starting out with VirtualBox 1 Press the Add button to add your ISO file to the list of registered images This will present an ordinary file dialog that allows you to find your ISO file on your host machine 2 Back to the manager window select the ISO file that you just added and press the Select button This selects the ISO file for your VM The Virtual Disk Image Manager is described in detail in Section 3 5 The Virtual Disk Man ager 3 4 Running a virtual machine The Start button in the main window starts the virtual machine that is currently selected This opens up a new window and the virtual machine which you selected will boot up Everything which would normally be seen on the virtual system s monitor is shown in the window as can be seen with the image in Section 1 1 Virt
8. 3rd party licenses rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of the library whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code If you link other code with the library you must provide complete object files to the recipients so that they can relink them with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling it And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with a two step method 1 we copyright the library and 2 we offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the library To protect each distributor we want to make it very clear that there is no warranty for the free library Also if the library is modified by someone else and passed on the recipients should know that what they have is not the original version so that the original author s reputation will not be affected by problems that might be introduced by others Finally software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of any free program We wish to make sure that a company cannot ffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a restrictive license from a patent holder Therefore we insist that any p
9. Linux Additions added support for X org 7 x e VMM fixed sporadic mouse reset problem e VMM fixed several issues with Linux guests e VMM significant performance improvements for Linux 2 6 guests e VMM significant general performance improvements e VMM fixed sporadic reboot problems logo hang e VMM added support for Intel VT x aka Vanderpool 73 ChangeLog e VMM experimental support for IBM OS 2 Warp requires VT x to be enabled e USB added support for isochronous transfers webcams audio etc e USB fixed problem with devices not showing up after a guest reboot e USB fixed several issues e BIOS fixed use of fourth boot device e BIOS added boot menu support e BIOS added support for disks up to 2 Terabytes e VRDF significantly enhanced performance and reduced bandwidth usage through new accelera tion architecture e VBoxManage added support for capturing network traffic e GUI added fullscreen mode e GUI fixed several problems 11 7 Version 1 1 12 2006 11 14 Additions enabled more display modes for X org 7 x e VMM stability improvements e VMM resolved excessive performance degradation caused by Symantec Antivirus e iSCSI fixed memory corruption issue e VBoxSDL made hostkey configurable e VRDP report error in case binding to the port fails e VRDFP added mouse wheel support NAT significant performance improvements Network stability fixes e Network significant performa
10. This is equivalent to selecting the Close item in the VM menu of the GUI or pressing the window s close button and then selecting Power off the VM in the dialog After this the VM s state will be Saved From there it can be started again see Section 7 6 VBoxManage startvm A few extra options are available with controlvm that do not directly affect the VM s running state The setlinkstate lt 1 4 gt operation connects or disconnects virtual network cables from their network interfaces e usbattach and usbdettach make host USB devices visible to the virtual machine on the fly without the need for creating filters first The USB devices can be specified by UUID unique identifier or by address on the host system You can use VBoxManage list usbhost to locate this information e dvdattach inserts a DVD image into the virtual machine or connects it to the host DVD drive With this command as opposed to VBoxManage modifyvm the image file does not first have to be registered with VirtualBox You can use VBoxManage list hostdvds to display all the drives found on the host and the names VirtualBox uses to access them e floppyattach works in a similar way setvideomodehint requests that the guest system change to a particular video mode This re quirest that the guest additions be installed and will not work for all guest systems The setcredentials operation is used for remote logons in Windows guests For details
11. U EORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT CLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF IS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE A 2 8 liblzf license Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modifica tion are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission HIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED ARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER HANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO ENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPE IAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS R BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY HETHER IN CONTRAC
12. createvdi modifyvdi clonevdi addiscsidisk createhostif removehostif getextradata setextradata setproperty usbfilter VBoxManage usbfilter usbattach lt uuid gt lt address gt usbdetach lt uuid gt lt address gt dvdattach none lt uuid gt lt filename gt host lt drive gt floppyattach none lt uuid gt lt filename gt host lt drive gt setvideomodehint lt xres gt lt yres gt lt bpp gt setcredentials lt username gt lt password gt lt domain gt allowlocallogon lt yes no gt lt uuid gt lt name gt lt uuid gt lt name gt take lt name gt desc lt desc gt discard lt uuid gt lt name gt discardcurrent state all edit lt uuid gt lt name gt current newname lt name gt newdesc lt desc gt showvminfo lt uuid gt lt name gt disk dvd floppy filename type normal immutable writethrough disk only disk dvd floppy lt uuid gt lt filename gt lt uuid gt lt filename gt filename lt filename gt size lt megabytes gt static comment lt comment gt register type normallwritethrough default normal lt uuid gt lt filename gt compact lt uuid gt lt filename gt lt outputfile gt server lt name gt lt ip gt target target port lt port gt lun lt lun gt encodedlun lt lun gt username lt username gt password lt password gt comment lt comment gt
13. lt name gt lt uuid gt lt name gt global lt uuid gt lt name gt lt key gt enumerate global lt uuid gt lt name gt lt key gt lt value gt no value deletes key vdifolder default lt folder gt machinefolder default lt folder gt vrdpauthlibrary default lt library gt hwvirtexenabled yes no add lt index 0 N gt target lt uuid gt lt name gt global name lt string gt action ignorelhold global filters only active yes no yes vendorid lt XXXX gt null productid lt XXXX gt null revision lt IIFF gt null manufacturer lt string gt null product lt string gt null remote yes no null VM filters only serialnumber lt string gt null modify lt index 0 N gt 49 VBoxManage reference target lt uuid gt lt name gt global name lt string gt action ignore hold global filters only active yes no vendorid XXXX productid lt XXXX gt revision lt IIFF gt manufacturer lt string gt product lt string gt remote yes no null VM filters only serialnumber lt string gt VBoxManage usbfilter remove lt index 0 N gt target lt uuid gt lt name gt global VBoxManage sharedfolder add lt vmname gt lt uuid gt name name hostpath hostpath transient VBoxManage sharedfolder remove vmname uuid name name transient VBoxManage updates
14. Virtual machine settings For now if you have just created an empty VM you will probably be most interested in the settings presented by the CD DVD ROM section if want to make a CD ROM or a DVD ROM available the first time you start it in order to install your guest operating system For this you have two options If you have actual CD or DVD media from which you want to install your guest operating sys tem e g in the case of a Windows installation CD or DVD put the media into your host s CD or DVD drive Then in the settings dialog go to the CD DVD ROM section and select Host drive with the correct drive letter or in the case of a Linux host device file This will allow your VM to access the media in your host drive and you can proceed to install from there Eile VM Help B wal oy SN Details gj Snapshots New Settings Delete Start Discard General Windows XP Settings Ubuntu 6 10 ntu sign Fa Powered Off low 1 i EX Genera CD DVD ROM Windows Vista Q Hard Disks E Saved B Floppy Mount CD DVD Drive Host CD DVD Drive dev cdrom v Ds Audio 150 Image File BP Network B USB 10 desktop i386 iso media INNO USB FA iso r Note CD DVD Drive is always connected as the Secondary IDE1 Master device Select a settings category from the list on the left side and move the mouse over a settings item to get more information Help OK Cancel
15. While this setting presently has no lasting effect VirtualBox will use this setting to display an operat ing system accordingly and also make certain recommendations later based on your selection such as the amount of memory and hard disk space to allocate and future VirtualBox ver sions may offer certain system specific virtualization features It is therefore recommended to always set it to the correct value 2 The amount of memory RAM that the virtual machine should have for itself Every time a virtual machine is started VirtualBox will allocate this much memory from your host machine and present it to the guest operating system which will report this size as the virtual com puter s installed RAM Note Choose this setting carefully The memory you give to the VM will not be available to your host OS while the VM is running so do not specify more than you can spare For example if your host machine has 1 GB of RAM and you enter 512 MB as the amount of RAM for a 13 Starting out with VirtualBox particular virtual machine while that VM is running you will only have 512 MB left for all the other software software on your host If you run two VMs at the same time even more memory will be allocated for the second VM which may not even be able to start if that memory is not available On the other hand you should specify as much as your guest OS and your applications will require to run properly A Windows XP gues
16. chine In that case you can select what audio driver VirtualBox will use on the host On Linux hosts you can select between the OSS or the ALSA subsystem 5 1 5 Network settings The Network section in a virtual machine s Settings window allows you to configure how Virtual Box presents virtual network cards to your VM and how they operate VirtualBox can simulate up to four virtual network cards for a virtual machine These cards are presented as AMD PCNet cards which most current operating systems as well as GNU GRUB support out of the box without needing extra drivers Note Unfortunately Windows Vista is now an exception and requires manual driver installation see Section 10 2 4 No networking in Windows Vista guests When you first create a virtual machine VirtualBox enables one of these four cards and selects Net work Address Translation NAT for it This way the the guest can connect to the outside world us ing the host s networking but it does not allow the host or other physical machines to make new connections to the guest other than answering requests sent by the guest In other words the default settings are good enough for supporting the most common Internet ser vices surfing downloading and e mail in the guest For details about the more advanced Network ing settings please see Section 5 3 Networking in virtual machines 5 1 6 USB support 5 1 6 1 USB settings The USB section in a
17. it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above ona medium customarily used for software interchange If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to distribute the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 5 A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the Library but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or linked with it is called a work that uses the Library Such a work in isolation is not a derivative work of the Library and therefore falls outside the scope of this License However linking a work that uses the Library with the Library creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library because it contains portions of the Library rather than a work that uses the library Th xecutable is therefore covered by this License Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables When a work that uses the Library uses material from a header file that is part of the Library the object code for the work may be a derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be linked without the L
18. please refer to Section 8 2 Automated Windows Guest Logons VBoxGINA 7 8 VBoxManage discardstate This command discards the saved state of a virtual machine which is not currently running which will cause its operating system to restart next time you start it This is the equivalent of pulling out the power cable on a physical machine and should be avoided if possible 7 9 VBoxManage snapshot This command is used for taking snapshots of a virtual machine and for manipulating and discarding snapshots The take operation takes a snapshot of a virtual machine You must supply a name for the snapshot and can optionally supply a description The discard operation discards a snapshot specified by name or by identifier UUID The discardcurrent operation will either revert the current state to the most recent snapshot if you specify the state option or discard the last snapshot and revert to the last but one with the all option 7 10 VBoxManage registerimage unregisterimage These commands register or unregister hard disk DVD or floppy images in VirtualBox This is the command line equivalent of the Virtual Disk Manager see Section 3 5 The Virtual Disk Manager 55 VBoxManage reference for more information Note however that when you unregister a hard disk image using VBoxManage it will not be deleted from the host computer s hard drive 7 11 VBoxManage showvdiinfo This command shows informatio
19. A in each file of th ramming which r must to ENS r eyed by Sourc Code If it is not possible to put such notice in a particular Code file due to its structure then You must include such noti location such as a relevant directory where a user would be 1 to look for such a notice If You created one or more Modifica You may add your name as a Contributor to the notice described Exhibit A You must also duplicate this License in any documen for the Source Code where You describe recipients rights or ow rights relating to Covered Code You may choose to offer and charge a fee for warranty support indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered Code However may do so only on Your own behalf and not on behalf of the Ini Developer or any Contributor You must make it absolutely clear any such warranty support indemnity or liability obligation i offered by You alone and You hereby agree to indemnify the Ini Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by t Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of warranty support indemnity or liability terms You offer 3 6 Distribution of Executable Versions You may distribute Covered Code in Executable form only if the requirements of Section 3 1 3 5 have been met for that Covered and if You include a notice stating that the Source Code versio the Covered Code is available under the terms of this License inc
20. Additions added support for SUSE 10 1 and Fedora Core 5 NAT improved performance and stability NAT handle host IP configuration changes at runtime e VBoxManage made VRDP authentication configurable e VDI added workaround against possible Windows host deadlocks caused by a sychronisation flaw in Windows e ACPI improved host power status reporting 11 10 Version 1 1 6 2006 04 18 e ACPI added workaround for XP SP2 crash in intelppm sys the real problem is a bug in this driver IDE added support for image files of up to 8 terabytes e API fixed several race conditions on SMP systems e Network significant performance improvements 75 ChangeLog VRDP fixed several issues with USB redirection IDE added workaround for Windows 2000 installation problems due to a bug in the Windows disk driver see troubleshooting section VRDP provide extensive connection information also exposed through VBoxManage Linux module added support for Linux 2 6 16 VBoxManage improved support for immutable disk images iSCSI several fixes USB several fixes VBoxSDL added switch for fixed video mode and guest image centering VMM improved performance of Linux 2 6 x guests 11 11 Version 1 1 4 2006 03 09 Note The configuration file format has been changed After applying this update execute VBox Manage updatesettings to convert your configuration to the new format Note Guest Additions have to be updated G
21. In either case this will display the installation welcome dialog and allow you to choose where to in stall VirtualBox to and which components to install In addition to the VirtualBox application the following components are available USB support This package contains special drivers for your Windows host that VirtualBox requires to fully support USB devices inside your virtual machines Networking This package contains extra networking drivers for your Win dows host that VirtualBox needs to support Host Interface Net working to make your VM s virtual network cards accessible from other machines on your physical network Depending on your Windows configuration you may see warnings about unsigned drivers or sim ilar Please select Continue on these warnings as otherwise VirtualBox might not function cor rectly after installation The installer will create a VirtualBox group in the programs startup folder which allows you to launch the application and access its documentation With standard settings VirtualBox will be installed for all users on the local system In case this is not wanted you have to invoke the installer as follows msiexec i VirtualBox msi ALLUSERS 2 This will install VirtualBox only for the current user 6 Installation 2 1 3 Uninstallation As we use the Microsoft Installer VirtualBox can be safely uninstalled at any time by choosing the program entry in the Add Remove Programs appl
22. OpenSolaris 10 VDI containers do not allocate blocks when guest only writes zeros to it size optimization when zeroing freespace prior to compacting CDROM DVD fixed media recognition by Linux guests Network corrected reporting of physical interfaces fixes Linux guest warnings Network fixed IRQ conflict causing occassional major slowdowns with XP guests Network significantly improved send performance Audio added mixer support to the AC 97 codec master volume only Audio added support for ALSA on Linux native no OSS emulation iSCSI improved LUN handling iSCSI fixed hang due to packet overflow iSCSI pause VM on iSCSI connection loss Linux module never fail unloading the module blocks Ubuntu Debian uninstall Linux module improved compatibility with NMI watchdog enabled Windows Additions fixed hardware mouse pointer with Windows 2003 Server guests Linux Additions compile everything from sources instead of using precompiled objects Linux Additions better compatibility with older glibc versions Linux Additions when uninstalling only delete the files we put there during installation don t remove the directory recursively to prevent unwanted data loss Linux Installer added support for Slackware Linux Additions added support for Linux 2 4 28 to 2 4 34 RDP fixed sporadic disconnects with MS RDP clients RDP fixed race condition during resolution resize leading to rare crashes 72 ChangeLog 11 4 Versio
23. VBoxGINA d11 to the target directory but doesn t activate it In order to install it it has to be copied to the SYSTEM32 directory of Windows and the string registry key HKEY LOCAL MACHINENSOFTWAREMMicrosoftNWindows NT CurrentVersion Winlogon GinaDLL has to be created and set to VBoxGINA d11 The Vir tualBox GINA is implemented as a wrapper around the standard Windows GINA MSGINA DLL so it will most likely not work correctly with 3rd party GINA modules Credentials can be set only for running VMs and are transient information i e they are not stored in any persistent manner Setting credentials can be achieved using the following command VBoxManage controlvm Windows XP setcredentials John Doe secretpassword DOMTEST The above information will then be available to the guest and will be queried by the VirtualBox GINA module using the VirtualBox Guest Additions device driver When Windows is in logged out mode the GINA module will constantly poll for credentials and if they are present a logon will be attempted After retrieving the credentials the GINA module will erase them so that the above com mand will have to be repeated for subsequent logons When resetting a VM the credentials will be erased for security reasons Note that this is a write only value i e there is no way to retrieve the credentials from the host side Credentials can be reset from the host side by setting empty values For Windows XP gue
24. a particular virtual machine after the subcommand There are two ways you can do this e You can specify the VM name as it is shown in the VirtualBox GUI Note that if that name con tains spaces then you must enclose the entire name in double quotes as it is always required with command line arguments that contain spaces For example VBoxManage startvm Windows XP e You can specify the UUID which is the internal unique identifier that VirtualBox uses to refer to the virtual machine Assuming that the aforementioned VM called Windows XP has the UUID shown below the following command has the same effect as the previous VBoxManage startvm 670e746d abea 4ba6 ad02 2a3b043810a5 Youcantype VBoxManage list vms to have all currently registered VMs listed with all their set tings including their respective names and UUIDs Some typical examples of how to control VirtualBox from the command line are listed below To create a new virtual machine from the command line and immediately register it with Virtu alBox use VBoxManage createvm with the register option like this VBoxManage createvm name SUSE Linux 10 2 register VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 1 3 3 C 2005 2007 InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH All rights reserved Virtual machine SUSE Linux 10 2 is created UUID c89fc351 8ec6 4f02 a048 57f 4d25288e5 Settings file home username VirtualBox Machines SUSE Linux 10 2 SUSE Linux 1
25. add it to the bridge and then transfer the network configuration of your Ethernet adapter to the bridge To create a TUN device and bridge it perform the following steps as root 36 Configuring virtual machines 1 As root run tunct1 to create a new TAP interface tunctl t tapl u username where username is the user who wants to run VirtualBox with the new bridge 2 Create a new bridge which we will call pro brctl addbr brO0 3 Put your network adapter in promiscuous mode so that it will accept Ethernet frames for MAC addresses other than its own ifconfig ethO 0 0 0 0 promisc You will lose network connectivity on ethO at this point 4 Add your network adapter to the bridge brctl addif brO eth0 5 Transfer the network configuration of your ethernet adapter to the bridge the following ex ample assumes your network adapter is configured with DHCP dhclient bro Your physical Ethernet adapter will now merely act as a transport medium for the bridge For configurations where the network adapter is configured statically you need to setup br0 ex actly as you would have set up ethO At this point the host should have network connectivity again 6 Add the new TAP device to the bridge as well brctl addif brO tapl 7 Activate the new TAP device ifconfig tapl up After this you can now specify tap1 in the settings of your virtual machine as if it were a real net work adapter Note In order to use a
26. allowed This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL It also counts as the successor of the GNU Library Public License version 2 hence the version number 2 1 Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free softwar to make sure the software is free for all its users This license the Lesser General Public License applies to some specially designated software packages typically libraries of the Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it You can use it too but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to use in any particular case based on the explanations below When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom of use not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software and use pieces of it in new free programs and that you are informed that you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these 84
27. are very creative from which script the usbfs filesystem is mounted Sometimes the command is hidden in unexpected places For SuSE 10 0 the mount command is part of the udev configuration file etc udev rules d 50 udev rules As this distribution has no user group called usb you may e g use the vboxusers group which was created by the VirtualBox installer Since group numbers are allocated dynamically the following example uses 85 as a place holder Modify the line containing a linebreak has been inserted to improve readability DEVPATH module usbcore ACTION add RUN bin mount t usbfs usbfs proc bus usb and add the necessary options make sure that everything is in a single line DEVPATH module usbcore ACTION add RUN bin mount t usbfs usbfs proc bus usb o devgid 85 devmode 664 Debian Etch has the mount command in etc init d mountkernfs sh Since that distribution has no group usb it is also the easiest solution to allow all members of the group vboxusers Modify the line domount usbfs usbdevfs proc bus usb onoexec nosuid nodev so that it contains domount usbfs usbdevfs proc bus usb onoexec nosuid nodev devgid 85 devmode 664 As usual replace the 85 with the actual group number which should get access to USB devices Other distributions do similar operations in scripts stored in the etc init d directory 69 Chapter 11 ChangeLog This section summarizes the changes betw
28. ated using the createhost if command see Section 5 3 3 1 Bridging on Windows hosts For Linux hosts this should be the name of an existing static interface or none if you wish to al locate an interface dynamically In the latter case you should also specify the creation and ter mination scripts for the interface with tapsetup lt 1 4 gt and tapterminate lt 1 4 gt see Sec tion 5 3 3 2 Bridging on Linux hosts intnet 1 N network If internal networking has been enabled for a virtual network card see the nic option above otherwise this setting has no effect use this option to specify the name of the internal network see Section 5 3 4 Internal Networking macaddress 1 N auto lt mac gt With this option you can set the MAC address of the virtu al network card Per default each virtual network card is assigned a random address by Virtual Box at VM creation audio none nullloss With this option you can set whether the VM should have audio support vrdp on off With the VirtualBox graphical user interface this enables or disables the built 53 VBoxManage reference in VRDP server Note that if you are using VBoxVRDP our headless server described in Sec tion 6 4 1 VBoxVRDP the headless VRDP server VRDP output is always enabled e vrdpport default lt port gt This lets you specify which port should be used default or 0 means port 3389 the standard port for RDP Only one mac
29. case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 9 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 103 3rd party licenses Software Foundation If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY TI SB FOR THE I E CAUSE HE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY PROGRA
30. devices during suspend e Audio fixed crashes on Vista hosts NAT allow configuration of incoming connections aka port mapping e Network hard reset network device on reboot e iSCSI Fixed a hang of unpaused VMs accessing unresponsible iSCSI disks e Linux Additions Support Xorg 7 2 x Linux Additions Fixed default video mode if all other modes are invalid Linux Additions Set default DPI to 100 100 Linux Additions fixed initialization of video driver on X server reset 70 ChangeLog 11 2 Version 1 3 6 2007 02 20 e Windows installer perform installation for all users instead of just the current user old behavior still available Linux installer fixed license display to not block installation Linux installer added RPM for openSUSE 10 2 e GUI fixed problems with several keyboard layouts on Linux hosts e GUI added online help on Linux hosts using kchmviewer e GUI fixed handle leak on Windows hosts e Graphics increased VRAM limit to 128MB e BIOS fixed CD DVD ROM detection in Windows Vista guests e VMM fixed incompatibility with OpenBSD 4 0 e VDI fixed issues with snapshot merging e Network fixed incompatibility between Vista UAC and Host Interface Networking e Network fixed issues with Windows NT 4 0 guests e Audio fixed problem with ALSA on Linux before 2 6 18 causing system reboots e RDP added support for MS RDP 6 0 clients e RDP fixed issue with PAM authentication on certain distrib
31. e Additions added installer for Windows 2000 XP 2003 guests Additions added custom GINA module which hooks MSGINA and can perform automatic lo gons using credentials retrieved from the VMM Documentation added draft of VirtualBox user manual 11 13 Version 1 0 50 2005 12 16 77 ChangeLog Note Guest Additions have to be updated e VMM added support for OpenBSD guests e VMM fixed a memory leak e Network added Internal Networking to directly wire VMs without using host interfaces and making the traffic visible on the host Network fixed crash hang at exit with TAP on Linux e Graphics added support for additional custom VESA modes e Graphics added support for VESA modes with y offset e VRDP added support for remote audio PCM encoding USB fixed several potential crashes e USB fixed revision filter matching USB fixed support for devices with integrated USB hubs 11 14 Version 1 0 48 2005 11 23 Note The configuration has to be deleted as the format has changed On Linux issue rm rf VirtualBox On Windows remove the directory C Documents and Set tings lt username gt VirtualBox If you fail to do so VirtualBox will not startup Note Guest Additions have to be updated e VMM fixed a Linux 2 6 guest panic on certain P4 CPUs e VMM performance improvements e Graphics fixed y offset handling in dynamic resolution mode secure labeling support e VDI added support for immutable i
32. guests you might run into one of the following issues Installation reboots usually during component registration e Installation fills the whole hard disk with empty log files Installation complains about a failure installing msgina dll These problems are all caused by a bug in the hard disk driver of Windows 2000 After issuing a hard disk request there is a race condition in the Windows driver code which leads to corruption if the operation completes too fast i e the hardware interrupt from the IDE controller arrives too soon With physical hardware there is a guaranteed delay in most systems so the problem is usually hid den there however it should be possible to reproduce it on physical hardware as well In a virtual environment it is possible for the operation to be done immediately especially on very fast systems with multiple CPUs and the interrupt is signalled sooner than on a physical system The solution is to introduce an artificial delay before delivering such interrupts This delay can be configured for a VM using the following command VBoxManage setextradata lt vmname gt VBoxInternal Devices piix3ide 0 Config IRQDelay 1 This sets the delay to one millisecond In case this doesn t help increase it to a value between 1 and 5 milliseconds Please note that this slows down disk performance After installation you should be able to remove the key or set it to 0 65 10 2 3 guests 10 2 4 Troubles
33. is VirtualBox Machines lt vmname gt Snapshots With this set ting you can specify any other folder for each VM By default when the virtual machine starts up VirtualBox dis plays the InnoTek company logo With vBoxManage you can change this logo to one of your choosing In the VM Settings window the Hard Disks section allows you to connect up to three virtual hard disk images to your virtual machine As with a real PC VirtualBox s IDE support offers you two IDE controllers each with a master and a slave connection With one of these four connectors being reserved to the CD ROM DVD 28 Configuring virtual machines drive see below that leaves you with three possible hard disks each represented by one virtual disk image VDI file The settings of the first disk Primary Master are initially set by the Create VM wizard Nor mally you will stick with this setting for the rest of a VM s lifetime You may however freely re move add and exchange virtual hard drives after the machine has been set up For example if you wish to copy some files from another virtual disk that you created you can connect that disk as a second hard disk To connect an additional disk select the corresponding checkbox and click on the folder icon on the right to bring up the Virtual Disk Image Manager To remove a virtual disk simply uncheck the ap propriate checkbox To replace a hard drive with a different one click on t
34. is not possible to configure incoming NAT connections while the VM is running However you can change the settings for a VM which is currently saved or powered off at a snapshot Note ICMP a protocol used e g by the ping utility is supported in a very limited fashion You will only get a response from 10 0 2 2 the NAT IP of the host and 10 0 2 15 the NAT IP of the guest VirtualBox supports configuring more than one card of a VM to use NAT networking The first card gets the network 10 0 2 0 the second card gets the network 10 0 3 0 and so on 5 3 3 Host Interface Networking With Host Interface Networking VirtualBox creates a new host networking interface for a guest s 34 Configuring virtual machines virtual network card In other words the virtual network card of the guest is also represented as if another network card was plugged into the host system With Host Interface Networking your virtual machines can be accessed from other computers and the Internet As opposed to with NAT that we described just above you can therefore run server software in your VMs Also network protocols other than TCP IP are supported The following general rules apply to host networking 1 A host interface must be created statically on the host before being attached to a virtual ma chine s virtual networking card Alternatively on Linux hosts interfaces can also be created dynamically by VirtualBox 2 A host interface can
35. make VM keyboard and mouse operation a lot more seamless Most importantly the Additions will get rid of the second guest mouse pointer and make your host mouse pointer work directly in the guest This will be described later in Chapter 4 The VirtualBox Guest Additions 3 4 1 2 Typing special characters Operating systems expect certain key combinations to initiate certain procedures Some of these key combinations may be difficult to enter into a virtual machine as there are three candidates as to who receives keyboard input the host operating system VirtualBox or the guest operating system Who of these three receives keypresses depends on a number of factors including the key itself Host operating systems reserve certain key combinations for themselves For example it is im possible to enter the Ctrl Alt Delete combination if you want to reboot the guest operating sys tem in your virtual machine because this key combination is usually hard wired into the host OS both Windows and Linux intercept this and pressing this key combination will therefore reboot your host Also with Linux the key combination Ctrl Alt Backspace normally resets the X server to re start the entire graphical user interface in case it got stuck As the X server intercepts this com bination pressing it will usually restart your host graphical userface and kill all running pro grams including VirtualBox in the process Third also with Linux th
36. not recognized essss 66 10 3 3 Sluggish response when using Microsoft RDP client 67 10 3 4 Running an iSCSI initiator and target on a single system 67 1074 Lanux hosts tiet ente eise tee te aan sue ede eo Tot dee Dean be 67 10 4 1 Linux kernel module refuses to load eene 67 10 4 2 Linux host s CD DVD drive not found 2 0 0 0 eee cece eee ee eeee 68 10 4 3 Linux host s floppy not found 20 0 0 eee cence eee eee eee eeeeeees 68 10 4 4 Strange guest IDE error messages when writing to CD DVD 68 10 4 5 VBoxSVC IPC issues ocioso ies cence HII 69 10 4 6 USB not Worn rm pee dire neh sb Redi ehe ferne 69 IB Changelog E PEE 70 11 1 Version 1 3 8 2007 03 14 2 2 2232 88222 E N E 70 11 2 Version 1 3 6 2007 02 20 rss ersehen 70 InnoTek VirtualBox User Manual 11 3 Version 1 3 4 2007 02212 ox Ge ERR E pial dees 71 11 4 Version 1 3 2 2007 01 D5 eiie ee seisee e Leto eet atte eee elek 73 11 5 Version 1 2 4 2006 11 16 2 0 cece cece ee eee c ec e m mm ee ener eren 73 11 6 Version 1 2 2 2006 11 14 cece cece ec cence ee me me emen ener enne 73 11 7 Version 1 1 12 2006 11 14 cece ccc cece cece m mI meme eene 74 11 8 Version 1 1 10 2006 07 28 0 ccc cece cece ee nee ce ee me mee eme eme nennen snes 74 11 9 Version 1 1 8 2006 07 17 22 0 cece ccc ce cece ec cence mee menm ener snes 7
37. not recognized In case you have assigned a phyical CD DVD drive to a guest and the guest does not notice when the medium changes make sure that the Windows media change notification MCN feature is not turned off This is a key in the Windows registry 66 10 3 3 10 3 4 Troubleshooting HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE System CurrentControlSet Services Cdrom Autorun which certain applications may disable against Microsoft s advice If it is set to 0 change it to 1 and reboot your system VirtualBox relies on Windows notifying it of media changes Sluggish response when using Microsoft RDP client If connecting to a Virtual Machine via the Microsoft RDP client called Remote Desktop Connec tion there can be large delays between input moving the mouse over a menu is the most obvious situation and output This is because this RDP client collects input for a certain time before sending it to the VRDP server built into VirtualBox The interval can be decreased by setting a Windows registry key to smaller values than the default of 100 The key does not exist initially and must be of type DWORD The unit for its values is milli seconds Values around 20 are suitable for low bandwidth connections between the RDP client and server Values around 4 can be used for a gigabit Ethernet connection Generally values below 10 achieve a performance that is very close to that of the local input devices and screen of the host on which the Virtual M
38. only be connected to one virtual network card at a time 3 Even though host interfaces are created on the host they must be configured only from within the guest Do not set network parameters from the host Also generally speaking there are two ways in which your new host interface can gain access to the network traffic for the virtual machine With TCP IP routing the standard mechanisms for TCP IP routing apply Most probably you give the new host interface its own IP address and then set up a route from the host interface to your real network interface and back with the route command With this method you have to define an identical IP configuration on both the guest and the host interface and configure the correct routing rules on the host Since most host network interfaces are not normally configured to support this however routing requires a thorough understanding of TCP IP networking and will not be covered here Virtual Box does support it though and if you require support for it do not hesitate to contact InnoTek e With Ethernet bridging by contrast you can sort of split a physical network adapter into two by switching it into the so called promiscuous mode This means that the network adapter will also accept packages ethernet frames for MAC addresses other than its own as well as send out packets with a MAC address other than its own By establishing a second virtual MAC address for the guest you can make you
39. running saved its snapshots etc In other words a VM is also what you can see in its settings dia log Guest Additions With Guest Additions we describe special software packages that are shipped with VirtualBox Even though they are part of VirtualBox they are designed to be installed inside a VM to im 2 Introduction prove performance of the guest OS and to add extra features This is described in detail in Chapter 4 The VirtualBox Guest Additions 1 2 Features overview Here s a brief outline of VirtualBox s main features Clean architecture unprecedented modularity VirtualBox has an extremely modular design with well defined internal programming interfaces and a clean design that separates client and server code This makes it easy to control it from several interfaces at once for example you can start a VM simply by clicking on a button in the VirtualBox main program and then control that machine from the command line or even remotely See Chapter 6 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines for details Due to its modular architecture VirtualBox can also expose its full functionality and configurab ility through a comprehensive software development kit SDK Based on the standard techno logy COM XPCOM on Linux this Application Programming Interface API offers a comfort able way of integrating VirtualBox with other software systems Internally VirtualBox uses its own public API which guar
40. settings sse HH eere ree 27 3 1 1 General settings 2 ger sss EORR eR ETE PUER REIR 27 9 1 2 cuori cq 28 5 1 3 CD DVD ROM and floppy settings esM 29 DA Audio settings osc oett o pert ere einen 30 3 1 5 NetWork settings nr Ri S PR DR UID 30 3 1 6 USB suppOrt sou eite este 30 5 2 Storage in virtual machines sssssseee eere 32 5 2 1 Virtual Disk Image VDI files iesp n A 32 2 2 2 18 CSE Ser Vers uere eire pnHU PRU EIe pent 33 5 3 Networking in virtual machines ssssesesee eee 33 5 3 1 Notattached eee rtis reet nes 34 5 3 2 Network Address Translation NAT sssssesee 34 5 3 3 Host Interface Networking sss 34 5 3 4 Internal Networking seem 38 25 4 Folder Sharing i eemper ede EU ii niti ENS 39 6 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines eese 41 6 1 Introd ction MR 41 InnoTek VirtualBox User Manual 6 2 Using VBoxManage to control virtual machines eee 4l 6 3 VBoxSDL the simplified VM displayer sse 43 6 4 Remote Desktop Support VRDP sss 43 6 4 1 VBoxVRDP the headless VRDP server sese 44 6 4 2 Step by step creating a virtual machine on a headless server 44 6 43 Remote USB rn essen miissen ee ee co Ee 45 6 4 4 RDP authentication st ee a rn 46 6 45 RDP encryption 5
41. such combination c the licenses granted in Sections 2 2 a and 2 2 b are ffective on the date Contributor first makes Commercial Use of the Covered Cod d Notwithstanding Section 2 2 b above no patent license is granted 1 for any code that Contributor has deleted from the Contributor Version 2 separate from the Contributor Version 3 for infringements caused by i third party modifications of Contributor Version or ii the combination of Modifications made by that Contributor with other software except as part of the Contributor Version or other devices or 4 under Patent Claims infringed by Covered Code in the absence of Modifications made by that Contributor 3 Distribution Obligations 34 1 Application of License The Modifications which You create or to which You contribute are governed by the terms of this License including without limitation Section 2 2 The Source Code version of Covered Code may b distributed only under the terms of this License or a future version of this License released under Section 6 1 and You must include a copy of this License with every copy of the Source Code You distribute You may not offer or impose any terms on any Source Code version that alters or restricts the applicable version of this Lic nse or the recipients rights hereunder However You may include an additional document offering the additional rights described in Section 3 5
42. the list of VMs in the main window Under this name VirtualBox also saves the VM s configuration files By changing the name VirtualBox re names these files as well As a result you can only use charac ters which are allowed in your host operating system s file names Note that internally VirtualBox uses unique identifiers UUIDs to identify virtual machines You can display these with vBox Manage OS Type The type of the guest operating system that is or will be in stalled in the VM This is the same setting that was specified in the New Virtual Machine wizard as described with Sec tion 3 2 Creating a virtual machine above Memory size RAM The amount of RAM that is allocated and given to the VM when it is running The specified amount of memory will be allocated from the host operating system from resident memory so it must be available or made available as free memory on the host when attempting to start the VM and will not be available to the host while the VM is running Again this is the same setting that was specified in the New Virtual Machine wizard as de scribed with guidelines under Section 3 2 Creating a virtual machine above Generally it is possible to change the memory size after in stalling the guest operating system provided you do not reduce the memory to an amount where the operating system would no longer boot Note As Microsoft Windows activation mechanism is sensitive to some hardw
43. to anyone to use this software for any purpose including commercial applications and to alter it and redistribute it freely subject to the following restrictions 1 The origin of this software must not be misrepresented you must not claim that you wrote the original software If you use this software in a product an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required 2 Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such and must not be misrepresented as being the original software 3 This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution Jean loup Gailly Mark Adler jloup gzip org madler alumni caltech edu A 2 4 Apache License Apache License Version 2 0 January 2004 http www apache org licenses 4 ERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION 1 Definitions License shall mean the terms and conditions for use reproduction and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document 90 3rd party licenses Licensor shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License Legal Entity shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control are controlled by or are under common control with that entity For the purposes of this definition control means i the power direct or indirect to cause the direction or management o
44. uninstall and perform driver and COM re gistration through MSI e VBoxManage added commands to create and delete Win32 Host Interface Networking adapters e VDI updated virtual disk image format for newly created images old images continue to work with enhanced write performance and support for the upcoming snapshot feature e Network performance improvements e Graphics added hardware acceleration to virtual graphics adapter and corresponding Guest Ad ditions driver e Graphics Additions GUI added dynamic resizing support e Graphics added workaround for buggy VESA support in Windows Vista Longhorn e VRDP performance and stability improvements added support for graphics acceleration archi tecture e USB restructured USB subsystem added support for filters to autocapture devices that meet defined criteria e GUI added mouse wheel support e VMM added support for PAE host mode 11 17 Version 1 0 42 2005 08 30 Note The configuration has to be deleted as the format has changed On Linux issue rm rf VirtualBox On Windows remove the directory C Documents and Set tings lt username gt VirtualBox If you fail to do so VirtualBox will not startup Note Guest Additions have to be updated e USB added USB support for Windows hosts Network renamed TUN to Host Interface Networking and TAP on Linux e Network added support for Host Interface Networking on Windows hosts 79 ChangeLog e Network a
45. 0 2 1 As can be seen from the above output a new virtual machine has been created with a new UUID and anew XML settings file To show the configuration of a particular VM use VBoxManage showvminfo see Section 7 2 VBoxManage showvminfo for details and an example This is the default configuration after a VM has been created as shown above e To change VM settings use VBoxManage modifyvm e g as follows VBoxManage modifyvm Windows XP memory 512MB For details see Section 7 5 VBoxManage modifyvm e To control VM operation use one of the following To start a VM that is currently powered off use VBoxManage startvm see Section 7 6 VBoxManage startvm for details e To pause or save a VM that is currently running use VBoxManage controlvm see Sec tion 77 V BoxManage controlvm for details lFor details see Section 7 4 VBoxManage createvm 42 Alternative front ends remote virtual ma chines 6 3 VBoxSDL the simplified VM displayer VBoxSDL is a simple graphical user interface GUI that lacks the nice point and click support which VirtualBox our main GUI provides VBoxSDL is currently primarily used for internal de bugging at InnoTek and therefore not officially supported Still you may find it useful for environ ments where the virtual machines are not necessarily controlled by the same person that uses the vir tual machine As you can see in the follo
46. 2 for the master device on the second channel or 3 for the master device on the second channel Only disks support this configuration option It must not be set for CD ROM drives The unit of the interval b is the number of bytes written since the last flush The value for it must be selected so that the occasional long write delays do not occur Since the proper flush interval de pends on the performance of the host and the host filesystem finding the optimal value that makes the problem disappear requires some experimentation Values between 1000000 and 10000000 1 to 10 megabytes are a good starting point Decreasing the interval both decreases the probability of the problem and the write performance of the guest Setting the value unnecessarily low will cost performance without providing any benefits An interval of 1 will cause a flush for each write opera tion and should solve the problem in any case but has a severe write performance penalty Providing a value of 0 for b is treated as an infinite flush interval effectively disabling this work around Removing the extra data key by specifying no value for b has the same effect 64 10 1 3 Troubleshooting Responding to guest IDE flush requests If desired the virtual disk images VDI can be flushed when the guest issues the IDE FLUSH CACHE command Normally these requests are ignored for improved performance To enable flushing issue the following command VBoxMana
47. 5 11 10 Version 1 1 6 2006 04 18 oaa a er reae Nee EEE em mmm eere 75 11 11 Version 1 1 4 2006 03 09 2 0 0 cece cece cence cece m mH meme eere 76 11 12 Version 1 1 2 2006 02 03 cece cece ccec cence cee me eme eee esee TI 11 13 Version 1 0 50 2005 12 16 ccc cece cece cece mme ee e nennen TI 11 14 Version 1 0 48 2005 11 23 saare terei ea darrera mmm eere 78 11 15 Version 1 0 46 2005 11 04 sssssssssssssesee nm m mem eee 78 11 16 Version 1 0 44 2005 10 25 meme eme ee e nennen 79 11 17 Version 1 0 42 2005 08 30 ccccccceccec eee ee nescence mm meme meme e enne 79 11 18 Version 1 0 40 2005 06 17 mm mmm eme eren 80 11 19 Version 1 0 39 2005 05 05 ccc cecccc cece cece cence cece mm mme e emere 81 11 20 Version 1 0 38 2005 04 27 0 ccc cecccc cece cece cence cece eens eceeeee sense ee eene 81 11 21 Version 1 0 37 2005 04 12 oo cece cece cece cence cece eens eeeeeeneceeneeeeneaeen sees 82 A 3rd party licenses u een nn beue nie prinio ve dla co So rre zy p ass 83 AT Materials erue ee utere VER QE Pei erts end 83 A TACONSES HE 84 A 2 1 X Consortium License X11 eee oeer ee a eaa IRE O E ET 84 A 2 2 GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL esses 84 A 2 3 zhb license ii ii tetti tee ils 90 A 24 Apache License Ans cote sect eee oo ete tuae denk rte rel een des sued atest ree egt 90 2 5 OpenSSL hcense x oet eU ein 93 A 2 6 Mozilla Public Licen
48. AP in terfaces therefore appear like physical network interfaces e g eth0 on your system Note TAP is an Ethernet methodology and therefore independent of TCP IP networking When you set up TAP devices on your host you therefore do not need to set TCP IP configura tion such as a IP address and netmask on it For information how to create TAP devices please refer to the documentation of your distribution Often this can be accomplished using the tunct1 utility which is part of the User Mode Linux project For example on Gentoo Linux this can be found in the sys apps usermode utilities package Bridging then is a feature provided by the Linux kernel and can be controlled with the brct 1 com mand from another utility package For example on Gentoo this can be found in the net misc bridge utils package Now to make things even more complicated there are two ways these interfaces can be created 1 As described for Windows hosts above it is possible to define static persistent TAP interfaces on the Linux host and make them available to VirtualBox 2 You can also have VirtualBox create TAP interfaces dynamically each time a VM starts and destroyed when the VM stops We shall describe both methods below 5 3 3 2 1 Static TAP interfaces After creating a new TAP interface you will have to create an ethernet bridge put your Ethernet ad apter into promiscous mode so that it can accept frames for other interfaces as well
49. Advanced Topics szDomain Domain passed in by the client UTF8 Return code VRDPAuthAccessDenied Client access has been denied VRDPAuthAccessGranted Client has the right to use the virtual machine VRDPAuthDelegateToGuest Guest operating system must u authenticate the client and the library must be called again with the result of the guest y authentication VRDPAuthResult VRDPAUTHCALL VRDPAuth PVRDPAUTHUUID pUuid VRDPAuthGuestJudgement guestJudgement const char szUser const char szPassword const char szDomain process request against your authentication source of choice return VRDPAuthAccessGranted The second arguments contains information about the guest authentication status For the first call it is always set to VRDPAuthGuestNotAsked In case the function returns VRDPAuthDelegate ToGuest a guest authentication will be attempted and another call to the method is made with its result This can be either granted denied or no judgement the guest component chose for whatever reason to not make a decision In case there is a problem with the guest authentication module e g the Additions are not installed or not running or the guest did not respond within a timeout the not reacted status will be returned 8 4 Secure Labeling with VBoxSDL When running guest operating systems in fullscreen mode the guest operating system usually has control over the whole screen This co
50. D now operate the controller in UDMA mode by default e VMM fixed hang when rebooting Windows 2000 guests with enabled audio adapter e VMM fixed random user mode crashes with OpenBSD guests e VMM increased timing accuracy PIT RTC reduced PIT query overhead e VMM tamed execution thread to make GUI more responsive esp when executing real mode guest code such as bootloaders e VMM significant performance enhancements for OpenBSD guests e VMM several performance enhancements e VMM improved memory layout on Windows hosts to allow for large amounts of guest RAM e VMM significantly improved VM execution state saving and restoring at the expense of state file sizes e ACPI fixed Windows bluescreen when assigning more than 512MB RAM to a guest e ACPI correctly report battery state when multiple batteries are present on the host Linux hosts e ACPI enabled by default for newly created VMs e APIC added optional I O APIC e Graphics fixed distortion when changing guest color depth without changing the resolution e VRDFP added support for remote USB requires special rdesktop client e VRDFP added support for the Microsoft RDP client e VRDP improved audio support e Floppy controller can be disabled Floppy fixed no disk in drive reporting e Floppy fixed writing to floppy images e VBoxManage restructured USB device filter syntax to make it more intuitive e VBoxManage added command for setting guest logon credentials
51. I standard and should work with all standard conforming iSCSI targets To use an iSCSi target with VirtualBox you must first register it as a virtual hard disk with VBoxManage see Section 7 15 VBoxManage addiscsidisk The target will show up in the list of disk images as described in Section 3 5 The Virtual Disk Manager and can thus be attached to one of the VM s three hard disk slots the usual way Note As opposed to the VDI files described previously the type of iSCSI targets cannot be nor mal or immutable but will always be set to write through This means that their state is not saved or reverted with snapshots 5 3 Networking in virtual machines As briefly mentioned in Section 5 1 5 Network settings VirtualBox provides up to four virtual PCI Ethernet cards for each virtual machine Each of these adapters can be separately configured in one of the following four modes Not attached e Network Address Translation e Host Interface Networking e Internal Networking SCSI in turn is the Small Computer System Interface and is an established industry standard for data transfer between devices notably storage devices Established as early as 1986 SCSI is still used for connecting hard disks and tape devices even today Especially in the PC market however it competed with other data transfer standards such as IDE It is still in common use in workstations and servers 33 Configuring virtual machi
52. InnoTek VirtualBox User Manual Version 1 3 8 Edition InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH Werkstrasse 24 71384 Weinstadt Germany 49 0 7151 60405 0 http www innotek de InnoTek VirtualBox User Manual InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH Copyright 2004 2007 InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH Table of Contents 1 Introduction oe teer erre gre Eee sense 1 1 1 Virtualization basics rhet rre PIRE tre ERI EPEE SER enne 1 1 2 Features OVERVIEW REM 3 1 3 Operating system support issnin rsrsrs sinn HM I mme nemen 4 1 3 1 Supported host operating systems se 4 1 3 2 Supported guest operating systems ssss HH 3 As Installation s ocio eoe cet etes tene dette ie e te ves RT EN Lost odore tts 6 2 1 Installing on Windows hosts esessse Hee 6 2 I PrerequistteS ur es en erstehen 6 2 1 2 Performing the installation ese ceeeeeeeea seen nennen een 6 2 1 3 Unmstallation 4e c feat eges te eese ether lie tue erts 7 2 1 4 Unattended installation esee 7 2 2 Installing on Tinuk hosts no deeem EE ERR EXP REPRE NTER S PSESE 7 2 2 1 Prerequisites 4 45 an len Res 7 2 2 2 Support for external kernel modules eee eee 7 2 2 3 Performing the installation cece eee cece cence teen teen seen nenn een een 8 2 2 4 Starting VirtualBox on Linux 2 0 0 esee 10 3 Starting out with VirtualBox sepen eo naa Ie me menm enm ent ent
53. LITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COVERED CODE 97 3rd party licenses IS WITH YOU SHOULD ANY COVERED CO YOU NOT THE INITIAL D E PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT pi xg O lau uj Jj DU F Y OTHER CONTRIBUTOR ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE NO USE OF ANY COVERED CODE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER 8 TERMINATION 8 1 This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail to cure such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the breach All sublicenses to the Covered Code which are properly granted shall survive any termination of this License Provisions which by their nature must remain in effect beyond the termination of this License shall survive 8 2 If You initiate litigation by asserting a patent infringement claim excluding declatory judgment actions against Initial Developer or a Contributor the Initial Developer or Contributor against whom You file such action is referred to as Participant alleging that a such Participant s Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent then any and all rights granted by such P
54. M TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIE ROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHE EXPRESSED E A R R IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE TIRE RISK AS U O THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE ROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME EPAIR OR CORRECTION H EWE HE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING E UHEO 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING b ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR EDISTRIBUTE HE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES NCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING UT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED O LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERE INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY OU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF HE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER ROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES I
55. PI and I O APIC support respectively again see Section 5 1 1 General settings for details e hwvirtex on off default This enables or disables the use of virtualization extensions in the processor of your host system This feature may still be experimental at the time you read this and may not be enabled in your build of VirtualBox e You can influence the BIOS logo that is displayed when a virtual machine starts up with a num ber of settings Per default an InnoTek logo is displayed With bioslogofadein onloff and bioslogofadeout on off you can determine whether the logo should fade in and out respectively With bioslogodisplaytime msec you can set how long the logo should be visible in milliseconds With bioslogoimagepath imagepath you can if you are so inclined replace the image that is shown with your own logo The image must be an uncompressed 256 color BMP file e biosbootmenu lt disabled menuonly messageandmenu e boot 1 4 nonel floppyldvd disk net This specifies the boot order for the virtual machine There are four slots which the VM will try to access from 1 to 4 and for each of which you can set a device that the VM should attempt to boot from e hd a b d none lt uuid gt lt filename gt This specifies the settings for each of the three vir tual hard disks that can be attached to a VM primary master and slave and secondary slave the secondary master is always reserved for the
56. Please have a look at var log vbox install log to find out why the compilation failed You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel headers see Section 2 2 2 Support for external kernel modules After correcting any problems do sudo etc init d vboxdrv setup This will start a second attempt to build the module If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built the in stallation script tries to load the module In some cases this can fail If it does you can type dmesg to find out why the module could not be loaded The most common reasons are e The NMI watchdog is either active Add nmi watchdog 0 to the kernel command line and re boot Then execute sudo dpkg reconfigure virtualbox again e The kernel disagrees about the version of the gcc used to compile the module Make sure that you use the same compiler as used to build the kernel Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured you can start it by selecting Virtu alBox in your start menu or from the command line see Section 2 2 4 Starting VirtualBox on Linux 2 2 3 2 Using the alternative installer The alternative installer performs the following steps 8 Installation It unpacks the application files to a target directory of choice By default the following directory will be used opt VirtualBox 1 3 8 It builds the VirtualBox kernel module vboxdrv and installs it e Jt ad
57. Section 7 5 VBoxManage modifyvm for details 6 4 1 VBoxVRDP the headless VRDP server While the VRDP server that is built into the VirtualBox GUI is perfectly capable of running virtu al machines remotely it is not convenient to have to run VirtualBox if you never want to have VMs displayed locally in the first place In particular if you are running servers whose only purpose is to host VMs and all your VMs are supposed to run remotely over VRDP then it is pointless to have a graphical user interface on the server at all especially since on a Linux host VirtualBox comes with dependencies on the Qt and SDL libraries which is inconvenient if you would rather not have the X Window system on your server at all VirtualBox therefore comes with yet another front end that produces no visible output on the host at all but instead only delivers VRDP data This headless server is called VBoxVRDP To start a virtual machine with VBoxVRDP you have two options Youcanuse VBoxManage startvm vmname type vrdp The extra type option causes the VirtualBox core to use VBoxVRDP as the front end to the internal virtualization engine e The recommended way however is to use VBoxVRDP directly as follows VBoxVRDP startvm uuid name This is the recommended way because when starting the headless interface through vBoxMan age you will not be able to view or log messages that VBoxvRDP may have output on the con sole Especially i
58. T STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTH RWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE INH lt a3 ovnaHlasH T A 2 9 GNU General Public License GPL GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin St Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free softwar to make sure the software is free for all its users This 100 3rd party licenses General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead You can apply it to your programs too When we speak of
59. VD writer units connected to a SCSI controller or to a IDE controller that interfaces to the Linux SCSI subsystem common for some SATA controllers this must refer to the SCSI device node e g dev scd0 Even for IDE CD DVD writer units this must refer to the appropriate SCSI CD ROM device node e g dev scd0 if the ide scsi kernel module is loaded This module is required for CD DVD writer support with all Linux 2 4 kernels and some early 2 6 kernels Many Linux distributions load this module whenever a CD DVD writer is detected in the system even if the kernel would support CD DVD writers without the module VirtualBox supports the use of IDE device files e g dev hdc provided the kernel supports this and the ide scsi module is not loaded Similar rules except that within the guest the CD DVD writer is always an IDE device apply to the guest configuration Since this setup is very common it is likely that the default configuration of the guest works as expected 68 Troubleshooting 10 4 5 VBoxSVC IPC issues On Linux VirtualBox makes use of a custom version of Mozilla XPCOM cross platform compon ent object model for inter and intra process communication The process VBoxSVC serves as a com munication hub between different VirtualBox processes and maintains the global configuration i e the XML database When starting a VirtualBox component the processes VBoxSVC and Virtual BoxXPCOMIPCD are started automatically They a
60. VirtualBox using the Add button remove an image from the registry and optionally delete the image file when doing so release an image that is detach it from a virtual machine if it is currently attached to one as a virtual hard disk 21 Starting out with VirtualBox We recommend that you maintain two special folders on your system for keeping images one for VDI files which can in the case of dynamically expanding images grow to considerable sizes and one for ISO files which were probably downloaded from the Internet VDI files can be copied onto other host systems and imported into virtual machines there although certain guest systems notably Windows 2000 and XP will require that the new virtual machine be set up in a similar way to the old one You can also duplicate VDI files on the same host to quickly produce a second virtual machine with the same operating system setup However you should only make copies of virtual disk images us ing the utility supplied with VirtualBox see Section 7 14 VBoxManage clonevdi This is because VirtualBox assigns a unique identity number UUID to each disk image which is also stored inside the image and will refuse to work with two images that use the same number If you do accidentally try to reimport a disk image which you copied normally you can make a second copy using Virtual Box s utility and import that instead 3 6 Deleting virtual machines The Delete b
61. access files of your host system from within the guest system much like ordinary shares on Windows networks would except that shared folders do not need a net working setup Sharing is accomplished using a special service on the host and a file system driver for the guest both of which are provided by VirtualBox In order to use this feature the VirtualBox Guest Additions have to be installed Currently Shared Folders are limited to Windows XP Windows 2000 and Linux 2 4 and 2 6 guests To declare a folder as shared to VirtualBox you specify a certain path on the host which will be come the shared folder and give it a share name that only VirtualBox will use Using this share name which the VirtualBox Shared Folders service will provide to the guest a drive letter mapping can be performed in the guest Shares are created using the VBoxManage command line interface see Chapter 7 VBoxManage ref erence The command is as follows VBoxManage sharedfolder add VM name name sharename hostpath C test There are two types of shares 1 VM shares which are only available to the VM for which they have been defined 2 transient VM shares which can be added and removed at runtime and do not persist after a VM has stopped for these add the transient option to the above command line Then you can mount the shared folder from inside a VM the same way as you would mount an or dinary network share 39 Configuring v
62. achine is running Depending whether the setting should be changed for an individual user or or for the system either HKEY CURRENT USERNMSoftwareMMicrosoftNTerminal Server ClientMMin Send Interval or HKEY LOCAL MACHINENSoftwareMMicrosoftNTerminal Server ClientMMin Send Interval can be set appropriately Running an iSCSI initiator and target on a single system If attempting to access an iSCSI target running in a guest virtual machine with an iSCSI initiator e g Microsoft iSCSI Initiator running on the host system a deadlock occurs in the host OS This is caused by a flaw in the Windows cache manager component and causes sluggish host system re sponse for several minutes followed by a Delayed Write Failed error message in the system tray or in a separate message window The guest is blocked during that period and may show error mes sages or become unstable VirtualBox contains a workaround for this problem until Microsoft ad dresses the issue It is activated by setting the environment variable VBOX DISABLE HOST DISK CACHE to 1 This can be achieved e g by executing the follwing command in a command prompt window before starting VirtualBox in the same command prompt window set VBOX DISABLE HOST DISK CACHE 1 This decreases performance of guest disk accesses especially writes It does not affect the perform ance of other applications running on the host operating system 10 4 Linux host
63. al output redirected over the network In detail the following front ends are shipped in the standard VirtualBox package l VirtualBox is our graphical user interface GUI which most of this User Manual is dedic ated to describing especially in Chapter 3 Starting out with VirtualBox While this is the easi est to use of our interfaces it does not yet cover all the features that VirtualBox provides Still this is the best way to get to know VirtualBox initially 2 VBoxManage is our command line interface and is described in the next section 3 VBoxSDL is an alternative simply graphical front end with an intentionally limited feature set designed to only display virtual machines that are controlled in detail with VBoxManage This is interesting for business environments where displaying all the bells and whistles of the full GUI is not feasible VBoxSDL is described in Section 6 3 VBoxSDL the simplified VM dis player 4 Finally VBoxVRDP is yet another front end that produces no visible output on the host at all but merely acts as a VRDP server Now even though the other graphical front ends VirtualBox and VBoxSDL also have VRDP support built in and can act as a VRDP server this particular front end requires no graphics support This is useful for example if you want to host your virtual machines on a headless Linux server that has no X Window system in stalled For details see Section 6 4 1 VBoxVRDP the headle
64. all this translates into the following Your keyboard is owned by the VM if the VM window on your host desktop has the keyboard focus and then if you have many windows open in your guest operating system as well the window that has the focus in your VM This means that if you want to type within your VM 17 Starting out with VirtualBox click on the title bar of your VM window first To release keyboard ownership press the Host key as explained above typically the right Con trol key Note that while the VM owns the keyboard some key sequences like Alt Tab for example will no longer be seen by the host but will go to the guest instead After you press the host key to reenable the host keyboard all key presses will go through the host again so that sequences like Alt Tab will no longer reach the guest Your mouse is owned by the VM only after you have clicked in the VM window The host mouse pointer will disappear and your mouse will drive the guest s pointer instead of your nor mal mouse pointer Note that mouse ownership is independent of that of the keyboard even after you have clicked on a titlebar to be able to type into the VM window your mouse is not necessarily owned by the VM yet To release ownership of your mouse by the VM also press the Host key As this behavior can be inconvenient VirtualBox provides a set of tools and device drivers for guest systems called the VirtualBox Guest Additions which
65. allation program from the Additions ISO If the Autostart fea ture has been turned off choose setup exe from the CD DVD drive inside the guest to start the in staller The installer will add several device drivers to the Windows driver database and then invoke the hardware detection wizard Depending on your configuration it might display warnings that the drivers are not digitally signed You must confirm these in order to continue the installation and properly install the Additions After installation reboot your guest operating system to activate the Additions 4 2 2 Updating the Windows Guest Additions Windows Guest Additions can be updated by running the installation program again as previously described This will then replace the previous Additions drivers with updated versions 24 The VirtualBox Guest Additions Alternatively you may also open the Windows Device Manager and select Update driver for two devices 1 the VirtualBox Graphics Adapter and 2 the VirtualBox System Device For each choose to provide your own driver and use Have Disk to point the wizard to the CD ROM drive with the Guest Additions 4 2 3 Unattended Installation In order to allow for completely unattended guest installations of Windows 2000 and XP the Guest Additions driver files have been put separately on the Additions ISO file Just like with other third party drivers the files have to be copied to the OEM directory of W
66. ame of target iso R J path to folder with amd driver file Alternatively put the driver file on a USB stick and enable a corresponding USB filter for the VM 10 3 Windows hosts 10 3 1 10 3 2 VBoxSVC out of process COM server issues VirtualBox makes use of the Microsoft Component Object Model COM for inter and intra process communication This allows VirtualBox to share a common configuration among different virtual machine processes and provide several user interface options based on a common architecture AII global status information and configuration is maintained by the process VBoxSVC exe which is an out of process COM server Whenever a VirtualBox process is started it requests access to the COM server and Windows automatically starts the process Note that it should never be started by the end user When the last process disconnects from the COM server it will terminate itself after some seconds The VirtualBox configuration XML files is maintained and owned by the COM server and the files are locked whenever the server runs In some cases such as when a virtual machine is terminated unexpectedly the COM server might not notice that the client is disconnected and stay active In other rare cases the COM server might experience an internal error and subsequently other processes fail to initialize it In these situations it is recommended to use the Windows task manager to kill the process VBoxSVC exe CD DVD changes
67. ame will never change e VirtualBox keeps snapshots and saved states in another special folder for each virtual machine By default this is a subfolder of the virtual machine folder called Snapshots in our example VirtualBox Machines Fedora 6 Snapshots You can change this setting for each ma chine using VBoxManage as well e VDI container files are by default created in the virtualBox VDI directory In particular this directory is used when the Create new virtual disk wizard is started to create a new VDI file Changing this default is probably most useful if the disk containing your home directory does not have enough room to hold your VDI files which can grow very large 59 Advanced Topics 8 2 Automated Windows Guest Logons VBoxGINA When Windows is running in a virtual machine it might be desirable to perform coordinated and automated logons of guest operating systems using credentials from a master logon system With credentials we are referring to logon information consisting of user name password and domain name where each value might be empty Since Windows NT Windows has provided a modular system logon subsystem Winlogon which can be customized and extended by means of so called GINA modules Graphical Identification and Authentication The VirtualBox Guest Addi tions for Windows come with such a GINA module which and can therefore perform automated lo gons The Guest Additions installer copies
68. and PAM on Linux for RDP authentication In addition it includes an easy to use SDK which allows you to create arbitrary interfaces for other methods of authentication see Section 8 3 Custom external VRDP authentication for details e USB over RDP Via RDP virtual channel support VirtualBox also allows you to connect ar bitrary USB devices locally to a virtual machine which is running remotely on a VirtualBox RDP server see Section 6 4 3 Remote USB for details Folder sharing VirtualBox folder sharing lets you access files from the host system inside guests Shared folders can be set up for all virtual machines or for a single VM Temporary shared folders may also be set up while a VM is running Shared folders are described in Sec tion 5 4 Folder Sharing 1 3 Operating system support 1 3 1 Supported host operating systems Currently VirtualBox is available for the following Windows 32 bit operating systems Windows 2000 service pack 3 and higher Windows XP all service packs Windows Server 2003 and for the following Linux 32 bit systems Debian GNU Linux 3 1 sarge and etch 4 Introduction e Fedora Core 4 and 5 Gentoo Linux e Redhat Enterprise Linux 3 and 4 e SUSE Linux 9 and 10 e Ubuntu 5 10 Breezy Badger 6 06 Dapper Drake 6 10 Edgy Eft It should be possible to use VirtualBox on most Linux 2 4 and Linux 2 6 based systems using either the VirtualBox installer or by doin
69. antees that every aspect of the product is accessible to external cus tomers as well and all interfaces are well tested e Easy portability VirtualBox already runs on Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows Serv er 2003 as well as on all major Linux distributions from Red Hat Novell and others In addition a version for use on embedded ukernel systems is available Versions for 64 bit host operating systems and for Mac OS X will be available soon Guest Additions for Windows and Linux The VirtualBox Guest Additions are packages which can be installed in Windows or Linux guest systems to improve their performance and to provide additional integration and communication with the host system The Guest Additions are described in detail in Chapter 4 The VirtualBox Guest Additions In brief among others they offer the following features e Arbitrary screen resolutions host controlled In guest systems that support it currently Windows guests you can change the guest resolution simply by resizing the virtual ma chine window in the host system e Arbitrary screen resolutions guest controlled The VirtualBox Guest Additions can handle arbitrary screen resolutions Even for guest operating systems for which no Additions have been written yet VirtualBox will offer custom VESA resolutions Client server design XML configuration store VirtualBox stores all its configuration in XML files one XML document for global settings and a XML file pe
70. are changes if you are changing settings for a Windows guest some of these changes may trigger a re quest for another activation with Microsoft Video memory size Size of the memory provided by the virtual graphics card avail able to the guest in MB As with the main memory the spe cified amount will be allocated from the host s resident memory Based on the amount of video memory higher resolutions and color depths may be available but for most setups the default 27 Configuring virtual machines Boot order Enable ACPI Enable I O APIC Snapshot folder BIOS logo cutomization 5 1 2 Hard disks video memory size of 8MB should be sufficient This setting determines the order in which the guest operating system will attempt to boot from the various virtual boot devices Analogous to a real PC s BIOS setting VirtualBox can tell a guest OS to start from the virtual floppy the virtual CD DVD drive the virtual hard drive each of these as defined by the other VM settings or none of these With vBoxManage modifyvm boot 1 4 you can also configure a VM to boot from the network See Section 7 5 VBoxManage modifyvm VirtualBox can present the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACPI to the guest operating system for configuring the virtual hardware In addition via ACPI VirtualBox can present the host s power status information to the guest ACPI is the current industry standard to allow op
71. articipant to You under Sections 2 1 and or 2 2 of this License shall upon 60 days notice from Participant terminate prospectively unless if within 60 days after receipt of notice You either i agree in writing to pay Participant a mutually agreeable reasonable royalty for Your past and future use of Modifications made by such Participant or ii withdraw Your litigation claim with respect to the Contributor Version against such Participant If within 60 days of notice a reasonable royalty and payment arrangement are not mutually agreed upon in writing by the parties or the litigation claim is not withdrawn the rights granted by Participant to You under Sections 2 1 and or 2 2 automatically terminate at th xpiration of the 60 day notice period specified above b any software hardware or device other than such Participant s Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent then any rights granted to You by such Participant under Sections 2 1 b and 2 2 b are revoked effective as of the date You first made used sold distributed or had made Modifications made by that Participant 8 3 If You assert a patent infringement claim against Participant alleging that such Participant s Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent where such claim is resolved such as by license or settlement prior to the initiation of patent infringement litigation then the reasonable value of the lice
72. atent license obtained for a version of the library must be consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license Most GNU software including some libraries is covered by the ordinary GNU General Public License This license the GNU Lesser General Public License applies to certain designated libraries and is quite different from the ordinary General Public License We use this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those libraries into non free programs When a program is linked with a library whether statically or using a shared library the combination of the two is legally speaking a combined work a derivative of the original library The ordinary General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the entire combination fits its criteria of freedom The Lesser General Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with the library We call this license the Lesser General Public License because it does Less to protect the user s freedom than the ordinary General Public License It also provides other free software developers Less of an advantage over competing non free programs These disadvantages are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many libraries However the Lesser license provides advantages in certain special circumstances For example on rare occasions there may be a special need to encourage the widest pos
73. bal settings gt Input gt Auto capture keyboard 3 4 2 Changing removable media While a virtual machine is running you can change removable media from the Devices menu of the VM s window Here you can select in detail what VirtualBox presents to your VM as a CD DVD or floppy The settings are the same as would be available for the VM in the Settings dialog of the Virtual Box main window but since that dialog is disabled while the VM is in running or saved state this extra menu saves you from having to shut down and restart the VM every time you want to change media Hence in the Devices menu VirtualBox allows you to attach the host drive to the guest or select a floppy or DVD image using the Disk Image Manager all as described in Section 3 3 Basics of vir tual machine configuration 3 4 3 Saving the state of the machine When you click on the Close button of your virtual machine window at the top right of the win dow just like you would close any other window on your system or press the Host key together with Q VirtualBox asks you whether you want to save or power off the VM Help OK Cancel The difference between these two options is crucial They mean Saving the machine state With this option VirtualBox freezes the virtual machine by com pletely saving its state to your local disk When you later resume the VM by again clicking the Start button in the VirtualBox mai
74. bly other applica tions on your host As a result your guest operating system s timing will soon be off signific antly The Guest Additions will re syncronize the time regularly 4 Shared Folders These provide an easy way to exchange files between the host and the guest Much similar to ordinary Windows network shares you can tell VirtualBox to treat a certain folder as a shared folder and VirtualBox will make it available to the guest operating system as a network share For details please refer to Section 5 4 Folder Sharing 5 Automated Windows logons credentials passing Windows guests only For details please see Section 8 2 Automated Windows Guest Logons VBoxGINA 4 2 Windows Guest Additions The VirtualBox Windows Guest Additions are designed to be installed in a virtual machine running a Windows operating system The following versions of Windows guests are supported e Microsoft Windows NT 4 0 any service pack 23 The VirtualBox Guest Additions e Microsoft Windows 2000 any service pack Microsoft Windows XP any service pack e Microsoft Windows Server 2003 any service pack Generally it is strongly recommend to install the Windows Guest Additions 4 2 1 Installing the Windows Guest Additions The VirtualBox Guest Additions are provided as a CD ROM image file which is called VBoxGuestAdditions iso An easy to use installation program will guide you through the setup process As VirtualBox
75. box and its virtual hard disk can be considered a container that can be arbitrarily frozen woken up copied backed up and trans ported between hosts On top of that with the use of another VirtualBox feature called snap shots one can save a particular state of a virtual machine and revert back to that state if neces sary This way one can freely experiment with a computing environment If something goes wrong e g after installing misbehaving software or infecting the guest with a virus one can easily switch back to a previous snapshot and avoid the need of frequent backups and restores When dealing with virtualization and also for understanding the following chapters of this docu mentation it helps to acquaint oneself with a bit of crucial terminology especially the following terms Host operating system host The operating system of the physical computer where Virtual OS Box is installed Also the host operating system determines which version of VirtualBox is required VirtualBox for Win dows or VirtualBox for Linux see Section 1 3 1 Supported host operating systems for further information Note Even though VirtualBox for Windows and VirtualBox for Linux are usually discussed to gether in this document there may be platform specific differences which we will point out where appropriate Guest operating system guest The operating system that is running inside the virtual machine OS Theoretically Vir
76. can also use the built in bridging fea ture to connect your host interfaces to your physical network card After creating the de sired host interfaces select your physical network adapter in the Network Connections folder and the desired host interface adapters and select Bridge connections from the popup menu Note that you have to transfer your network configuration from your physical network adapter to the network bridge because your physical network adapter will only function as a transport medium in your bridge setup When more than one connection is active on a bridge Windows will automatically put your physical Ethernet adapter into promiscuous mode so that it will receive network data for all bridged connections After you have created your new host interface this way you can select Host Interface as the net working mode in a virtual machine s Settings window and select the new interface in the Interface name drop down list With the above example this drop down list would contain VMI external 5 3 3 2 Bridging on Linux hosts On Linux we have implemented Host Interface Networking with the Linux kernel s own TAP inter faces Therefore make sure that your Linux kernel has support for TUN TAP enabled Additional drivers are then not required With TAP the Linux kernel can simulate Ethernet interfaces that instead of being attached to net working hardware communicate with user space programs in our case VirtualBox The T
77. can provide ISO files as a virtual CD ROM drive to the Windows guest Windows can automatically install these additions 4 2 1 1 Mounting the Additions ISO file In the Devices menu in the virtual machine s menu bar VirtualBox has a handy menu item named Install guest additions which will automatically bring up the Additions in your VM window If the menu item does not work you can perform the following steps manually 1 Start the virtual machine where you have installed a Windows guest operating system 2 Select Mount CD DVD ROM from the Devices menu in the virtual machine s menu bar and then CD DVD ROM image This brings up the Virtual Disk Manager described in Sec tion 3 5 The Virtual Disk Manager 3 In the Virtual Disk Manager press the Add button and browse your host file system for the VBoxGuestAdditions iso file Ona Windows host you can find this file in the VirtualBox installation directory usually under C Program files InnoTek VirtualBox Ona Linux host you can find this file in the additions folder under where you installed VirtualBox usually opt VirtualBox xxx 4 Back in the Virtual Disk Manager select that ISO file and press the Select button This will mount the ISO file and present it to your Windows guest as a CD ROM 4 2 1 2 Running the installer Unless you have the Autostart feature disabled in your Windows guest Windows will now autostart the VirtualBox Guest Additions inst
78. ce code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of th xecutable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies th xecutabl If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 102 3rd party licenses distribution of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program xcept as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 5 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Prog
79. chines you have created so far three in the 12 Starting out with VirtualBox example above A row of buttons above it allows you to create new VMs and work on existing VMs The pane on the right displays the properties of the virtual machine currently selected if any When you start VirtualBox for the first time as there is no virtual machine yet everything will be empty 3 2 Creating a virtual machine Clicking on the New button in the user interface will guide you through setting up a new virtual machine VM A wizard will show up Welcome to the New Virtual Machine Wizard This wizard will guide you through the steps that are necessary to create a new virtual machine for VirtualBox Use the Next button to go the next page of the wizard and the Back button to return to the previous page Cancel On the following pages the wizard will ask you for the bare minimum of information that is needed to create a VM in particular 1 Aname for your VM and the type of operating system OS you want to install The name is what you will later see in the VirtualBox main window and what your settings will be stored under It is purely informational but once you have created a few VMs you will appreciate if you have given your VMs informative names My VM probably is therefore not as useful as Windows XP SP2 For Operating System Type select the operating system that you want to install later
80. com he word cryptographic can be left out if the rouines from the library eing used are not cryptographic related f you include any Windows specific code or a derivative thereof from he apps directory application code you must include an acknowledgement This product includes software written by Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com tHOH FH T THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NO IMITED TO PROCURE T OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE U gt The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or derivative of this code cannot be chan
81. come the limitations for mouse support that were de scribed in Section 3 4 1 1 Capturing and releasing keyboard and mouse this provides you with seamless mouse support Essentially a special mouse driver is installed in the Windows or Linux guest that communicates with the real mouse driver on your host and moves the guest mouse pointer accordingly You will only have one mouse pointer any more and pressing the Host key is no longer required to free the mouse from being captured by the guest OS 2 Better video support While the virtual graphics card the VirtualBox emulates for any guest operating system provides all the basic features the custom video drivers that are installed with the Guest Additions provide you with extra high and non standard video modes as well as ac celerated video performance In addition with Windows guests when the Guest Additions are installed you can resize the virtual machine s window and the video resolution in the Windows guest will be automatically adjusted as if you had manually entered an arbitrary resolution in the guest s display settings 3 Time synchronization With the Guest Additions installed VirtualBox can much better ensure that the guest s system time is better synchronized The problem is that an operating system ex pects to have 100 of a computer s time for itself without interference which is no longer the case when your VM runs together with your host operating system and possi
82. ct to the Mozilla Public License Version 1 1 the License you may not use this file except in compliance with the License You may obtain a copy of the License at http www mozilla org MPL Software distributed under the License is distributed on an AS IS basis WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND either express or implied See the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the Licens The Original Code is The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Portions created by are Copyright C All Rights Reserved Contributor s Alternatively the contents of this file may be used under the terms of the license the License in which case the provisions of License are applicable instead of those above If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only under the terms of the License and not to allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and replac them with the notice and other provisions required by the License If you do not delete the provisions above a recipient may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the License NOTE The text of this Exhibit A may differ slightly from the text of 99 3rd party licenses the notices in the Source Code files of the Original Code You should use the text of this Exhibit A rather than the text fo
83. d des troyed to add the interface to the bridge or remove it from the bridge respectively Since the names of the TAP interfaces and your bridge are not known at the time you are configuring your VM VirtualBox instead calls two scripts that configure the TAP interfaces a a setup script which will be called by VirtualBox during VM startup right after it has created the TAP interface this script must then bring up that TAP interface using if config up and add it to the bridge you have set up b optionally a termination script which VirtualBox will call prior to destroying the TAP interface again So instead of adding a static TAP interface name to the bridge as described earlier you must supply one or two scripts that do this for the TAP devices created by VirtualBox These scripts each receive two parameters a the interface file descriptor numeric value gt 0 b the TAP interface name typically from tap0 to tapx Using the following TAP setup script for the above bridge configuration the dynamically cre ated host interface will be added to the bridge Note that bridge manipulation requires root per missions bin sh sudo sbin ifconfig 2 up sudo sbin brctl addif br0 2 The corresponding termination script looks as follows bin sh sudo sbin brctl delif brO 2 In certain configurations the VirtualBox VM process e g VirtualBox VBoxSDL Or VBoxVRDP is wrapped into a parent process which allocates
84. d there 2 Mount the vBoxGuestAdditions iso file as your Linux guest s virtual CD ROM drive ex actly the same way as described for a Windows guest in Section 4 2 1 1 Mounting the Addi tions ISO file 3 Change to the directory where your CD ROM drive is mounted and execute as root sh VBoxLinuxAdditions run 25 The VirtualBox Guest Additions The VirtualBox Guest Additions contain several different drivers If for any reason you do not wish to install them all you can specify the ones which you wish on the command line for example sh VBoxAdditions run x11 to install the X Window graphic drivers Type in the command sh VBoxAdditions run help for more information 4 3 2 Video acceleration and high resolution graphics modes In Linux guests VirtualBox video acceleration is available through the X Window System Typic ally in today s Linux distributions this will be the X Org server During the installation process X will be set up to use the VirtualBox video driver using whatever graphics modes were set up before the installation If these modes do not suit your requirements you can change your setup by editing the configuration file of the X server usually found in etc X11 xorg conf VirtualBox can use any default X graphics mode which fits into the virtual video memory allocated to the virtual machine as described in Section 5 1 1 General settings You can also add your own modes to the Monitor
85. dded cable connected property to the virtual network cards e Floppy added a virtual floppy drive to the VM and support for attaching floppy images and cap turing host floppy drives e DVD CD added host CD DVD drive support e BIOS added boot order support e Saved states made location configurable default global setting machine specific setting in cluding VBoxManage command support e VMM added support for host CPUs without FXSR e g Via Centaur e VMM increased performance of Linux 2 6 guests e VMM improved timing e VMM fixed traps in XP guests with ACPI enabled e VBoxManage added remote session start function tstHeadless has been removed from the dis tribution e VBoxManage restructured commands added numerous improvements GUI propagate hostkey change to all running instances e GUI perform image access tests asynchronously e GUI added boot order support e GUI user interface redesign 11 18 Version 1 0 40 2005 06 17 Note The configuration has to be deleted as the format has changed On Linux issue rm rf VirtualBox On Windows remove the directory C Documents and Set tings lt username gt VirtualBox If you fail to do so VirtualBox will not startup Note Guest Additions have to be updated e SDK ship VirtualBox development tools and sample program e BIOS made startup logo animation configurable for OEM customers e BIOS fixed network card detection under DOS Graphics fixed VESA m
86. ds an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module etc init d vboxdrv e Itcreates a new system group called vboxusers e It creates symbolic links to VirtualBox VBoxSDL and VBoxManage in usr bin e Itcreates etc udev 60 vboxdrv rules a description file for udev if that is present which makes the module accessible to anyone in the group vboxusers e Itremembers its own installation directory by writing it to etc vbox vbox cfg The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter If you do not want the installer to ask you whether you wish to accept the licence agreement for ex ample for performing unattended installations you can add the parameter 1i cense accepted unconditionally Finally if you want to use a directory other than the de fault installation directory add the desired path as an extra parameter sudo VirtualBox run install opt innotek VirtualBox Or if you do not have the sudo command available run the following as root instead VirtualBox run install opt innotek VirtualBox If any users on your system should be able to access host USB devices from within VirtualBox guests you should add them to the appropriate user group that your distribution uses for USB ac cess g usb Or usbusers 2 2 3 3 Performing a manual installation If for any reason you cannot use the shell script installer described previously you can also per form a manual instal
87. duce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have mad generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License 12 If the distribution and or use of the Library is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces th original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 13 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is
88. e VirtualBox simply run the installer of the updated version To uninstall VirtualBox invoke the installer like this sudo VirtualBox run uninstall or as root VirtualBox run uninstall To manually uninstall VirtualBox simply undo the steps in the manual installation in reverse order 2 2 4 Starting VirtualBox on Linux To start the VirtualBox graphical user interface simply start the VirtualBox program To start the 10 Installation command line management interface for virtual machines start VBoxManage To start a single vir tual machine from the command line start VBoxSDL The following chapters explain how to use these applications The following detailed instructions should only be of interest if you wish to execute VirtualBox without installing it first You should start by compiling the vboxdrv kernel module see above and inserting it into the Linux kernel VirtualBox consists of a service daemon VBoxSVC and sev eral application programs As a result prior to starting one of the VirtualBox application programs the service daemon must be started export LD_LIBRARY_PATH VBoxSVC All VirtualBox applications will communicate with the daemon through Unix local domain sockets There can be multiple daemon instances under different user accounts and applications can only communicate with the daemon running under the user account as the application The local domain socket resides in a subdirectory of your sys
89. e and associated documentation files the Software to deal in the Software without restriction including without limitation the rights to use copy modify merge publish distribute sublicense and or sell copies of the Software and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so subject to the following conditions The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software HE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF ERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL HE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT OR OTHERWISE ARISING FROM OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS I HE SOFTWARE A 2 2 GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 1 February 1999 Copyright C 1991 1999 Free Software Foundation Inc 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Boston MA 02111 1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not
90. e described later in this manual Chapter 7 VBoxManage reference explains how to use create configure and control virtual ma chines completely from the command line e Section 6 3 VBoxSDL the simplified VM displayer explains how to run a single VM at a time with a reduced graphical interface e Section 6 4 1 VBoxVRDP the headless VRDP server shows how to run virtual machines re motely The following introductory sections however describe VirtualBox the graphical user interface which is the simplest way to unleash the power of VirtualBox 3 1 Starting the graphical user interface After installing VirtualBox as described in Chapter 2 Installation on Windows you can find the graphical user interface in the Programs menu under the VirtualBox group on Linux you can type VirtualBox on the command line Then a window like the following should come up T a 286 Details S Snapshots New tr Delete Start D ard a General 2 en Name Ubuntu 6 10 OS Type Linux 2 6 Base Memory 512 MB Video Memory 8 MB 74 Windows Vista Boot Order Floppy CD DVD ROM Hard E Saved Disk Wind xp ACPI Enabled indows a 10 APIC Disabled Powered Off Hard Disks IDE 0 Master Ubuntu 6 10 Normal El Floppy Not mounted 8 CD DVD ROM Not mounted Audio Disabled uu Network Adapter Slot 0 NAT USB Controller Disabled A On the left you can see a pane that lists all the virtual ma
91. e key combination Ctrl Alt Fx where Fx is one of the function keys from Fl to F12 normally allows to to switch between virtual terminals As with Ctrl Alt Delete these combinations are intercepted by the host operating system and therefore always switch terminals on the host If instead you want to send these key combinations to the guest operating system in the virtual machine you will need to use one of the following methods e Use the items in the VM menu of the virtual machine window There you will find Insert Ctrl Alt Delete and Ctrl Alt Backspace the latter will only have an effect with Linux guests however e Press special key combinations with the Host key normally the right Control key which VirtualBox will then translate for the virtual machine Starting out with VirtualBox Host key Del to send Ctrl Alt Del to reboot the guest Host key Backspace to send Ctrl Alt Backspace to restart the graphical user inter face of a Linux guest Host key F1 or other function keys to simulate Ctrl Alt F1 or other function keys i e to switch between virtual terminals in a Linux guest For some other keyboard combinations such as Alt Tab to switch between open windows VirtualBox allows you to configure whether these combinations will affect the host or the guest if a virtual machine currently has the focus This is a global setting for all virtual machines and can be found under File gt Glo
92. e name of the Initial Developer in a the Source Code and b in any notice in an be the party s intellectual property rights is required to exercise the rights granted by such Contributor under Sections 2 1 or 2 2 Contributor must include a text file with the Source Code distribution titled LEGAL which describes the claim and party making the claim in sufficient detail that a recipie the nt will know whom to contact If Contributor obtains such knowledge after the Modification is made available as described in Section Contributor shall promptly modify the LEGAL file in all co Contributor makes available thereafter and shall take othe such as notifying appropriate mailing lists or newsgroups 325 pies r steps reasonably calculated to inform those who received the Covered Code that new knowledge has been obtained b Contributor APIs If Contributor s Modifications include an application prog interface and Contributor has knowledge of patent licenses are reasonably necessary to implement that API Contributo also include this information in the LEGAL file c Representations Contributor represents that except as disclosed pursuant Section 3 4 a above Contributor believes that Contributo Modifications are Contributor s original creation s and o Contributor has sufficient rights to grant the rights conv this License 3 5 Required Notices You must duplicate the notice in Exhibit
93. each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual worldwide non exclusive no charge royalty free irrevocabl except as stated in this section patent license to make have made use offer to sell sell import and otherwise transfer the Work where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution s alone or by combination of their Contribution s with the Work to which such Contribution s was submitted If You institute patent litigation against any entity including a cross claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed 91 3rd party licenses Redistribution You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium with or without modifications and in Source or Object form provided that You meet the following conditions a You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License and b You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files and c You must retain in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute all copyright patent trademark and att
94. ection 5 3 3 Host Interface Networking 2 2 3 Performing the installation VirtualBox is available as a Debian package in fact there are packages for Ubuntu 6 10 Edgy Ubuntu 6 06 Dapper and Debian 4 0 Etch or as an alternative installer run which should work on most Linux distributions 2 2 3 1 Installing VirtualBox from a Debian package First download the appropriate package for your distribution The following examples assume that you are installing to an Ubuntu Edgy system Use dpkg to install the Debian package sudo dpkg i VirtualBox 1 3 8 Ubuntu edgy deb You will be asked to accept the VirtualBox Personal Use and Evaluation License If you answer no here the installation will be aborted Otherwise the installation will continue The group vboxusers will be created during installation Note that a user who is going to run Vir tualBox must be member of that group Also note that adding an active user to that group may re quire a restart of the session of that user This should be done manually after successful installation of the package The installer will also search for a VirtualBox kernel module suitable for your kernel The package includes pre compiled modules for the most common kernel configurations If no suitable kernel module is found the installation script tries to build a module itself If the build process is not suc cessful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured
95. een VirtualBox versions Note that this is not a detailed changelog and not all changes are listed VirtualBox version numbers consist of three numbers sep arated by dots where the first number represents the major version the 2nd number the minor ver sion and the 3rd one the build number Build numbers of official releases are always even An odd build number represents an internal development or test build 11 1 Version 1 3 8 2007 03 14 Windows installer Fixed installation problem if UAC is active Linux installer added RPM for rhel4 and Mandriva 2007 1 Linux installer Remove any old vboxdrv modules in lib modules misc e Linux installer Many small improvements for deb and rpm packages e Linux installer Improved setup of kernel module e GUI Host Fn sends Ctrl Alt Fn to the guest Linux guest VT switch e GUI fixed setting for Internal Networking e GUI show correct audio backend on Windows dsound e GUI improved error messages if the kernel module is not accessible e GUI never fail to start the GUI if the kernel module is not accessible e VMM Fixed occasional crashes when shutting down Windows TAP device e VMM fixed issues with IBM s 1 4 2 JVM in Linux guests e RDP fixed color encoding with 24bpp e BIOS zero main memory on reboot e BIOS added release logging e USB fixed parsing of certain devices to prevent VBoxSVC crashes e USB properly wakeup suspended ports USB fixed a problem with unplugged USB
96. efers to a function or a able of data to be supplied by an application program that uses he facility other than as an argument passed when the facility s invoked then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that n the event an application does not supply such function or able the facility still operates and performs whatever part of tS purpose remains meaningful bet hee ct tO For example a function in a library to compute square roots has a purpose that is entirely well defined independent of the application Therefore Subsection 2d requires that any application supplied function or table used by this function must be optional if the application does not supply it the square root function must still compute square roots These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If 86 3rd party licenses identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in hemselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those ections when you distribute them as separate works But when you istribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based n the Library the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of his License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the ntire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote HM t O O ct Thus it is not the intent of this sectio
97. el sources are used for the build process Note that the user who is going to run VirtualBox needs read and write permission on the Virtual Box kernel module device node dev vboxdrv You can either define a vboxusers group by en tering groupadd vboxusers chgrp vboxusers dev vboxdrv chmod 660 dev vboxdrv or alternatively simply give all users access insecure not recommended chmod 666 dev vboxdrv You should also add any users who will be allowed to use host USB devices in VirtualBox guests to the appropriate USB users group for your distribution This group is often called usb or usbusers Next you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module cp opt VirtualBox vboxdrv sh etc init d vboxdrv assuming you installed VirtualBox to the opt VirtualBox directory and activate the initializa tion script using the right method for your distribution You should create VirtualBox s configura tion file mkdir etc vbox echo INSTALL DIR opt VirtualBox etc vbox vbox cfg and for convenience create the following symbolic links In sf opt VirtualBox VBox sh usr bin VirtualBox In sf opt VirtualBox VBox sh usr bin VBoxSVC In sf opt VirtualBox VBox sh usr bin VBoxManage 2 2 3 4 Updating and uninstalling VirtualBox Before updating or uninstalling VirtualBox you must terminate any virtual machines which are cur rently running and exit the VirtualBox or VBoxSVC applications To updat
98. en run you must cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice anda notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement hese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If dentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program nd can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in hemselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those ections when you distribute them as separate works But when you istribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based n the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of his License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the ntire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it toau ct 9 HA H hus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program I
99. eneral added support for multi generation snapshots VMM fixed Linux guest reboot regression VRDP added client authentication through external authentication libraries WinLogon and PAM interfaces are provided as sample code VRDP close TCP connection immediately when receiving bad data from the remote side VRDP improved Microsoft RDP client support XPCOM fixed race condition on SMP systems that could lead to hung client processes Linux host API fixed race condition on SMP systems Network added AMD PC Net II 100MBit network card Am79C973 Network added PXE boot ROM for network boot Audio fixed regression with Windows 2000 guests Audio pause playback when VM is paused iSCSI added standards compliant iSCSI initiator for transparent access of iSCSI targets VBoxSDL ship on Windows as well VBoxManage added command to clone a VDI file to another one having a different UUID Additions added Linux additions timesync mouse pointer integration and graphics driver Additions added Shared Folders for Windows guests except NT Linux module fixed compilation problem on SUSE 10 system Linux installer added custom shell script installer 76 ChangeLog 11 12 Version 1 1 2 2006 02 03 Note Guest Additions have to be updated The installation method has changed e BIOS fixed CMOS checksum calculation to avoid guest warnings e BIOS improved APM support to avoid guest warnings IDE Linux 2 6 14 and OpenBS
100. er will be added onto the end of the list The target parameter selects the virtual machine that the filter should be attached to or global name is a name for the new filter and for global filters act ion says whether to allow machines access to devices that fit the filter description hold or not to give them access ignore In addition you should specify parameters to filter by You can find the parameters for devices attached to your system using VBoxManage list usbhost Finally you can specify whether the filter should be active and for local filters whether they are for local devices remote over an RDP connection or either When you modify a USB filter using usbfilter modify you must specify the filter by index see the output of VBoxManage list usbfilters to find global filter indexes and that of vBoxMan age showvminfo to find indexes for individual machines and by target which is either a virtual machine or global The properties which can be changed are the same as for usbfilter add To remove a filter use usbfilter remove and specify the index and the target 7 20 VBoxManage sharedfolder add remove This command allows you to share folders on the host computer with guest operating systems For this the guest systems must have a version of the VirtualBox guest additions installed which sup ports this functionality Shared folders are described in detail in Section 5 4 Folder Sharing 7 21 VBoxManage updatesettin
101. erating systems to recognize hardware configure motherboards and other devices and manage power As all modern PCs contain this fea ture and Windows and Linux have been supporting it for years it is also enabled by default in VirtualBox Note that all Windows operating systems starting with Windows 2000 install different kernels depending on whether ACPI is available so ACPI must not be turned off after installation Turning it on after installation will have no effect however Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers APICs are a newer x86 hardware feature that have replaced old style Pro grammable Interrupt Controllers PICs in recent years With an I O APIC operating systems can use more than 16 interrupt re quests IRQs and therefore avoid IRQ sharing for improved re liability However software support for I O APICs has been unreliable with some operating systems other than Windows Also the use of an I O APIC slightly increases the overhead of virtualization and therefore slows down the guest OS a little Note that all Windows operating systems starting with Windows 2000 install different kernels depending on whether an I O APIC is available As with ACPI the I O APIC therefore must not be turned off after installation of a Windows guest OS Turning it on after installation will have no effect however By default VirtualBox saves snapshot data together with your other VirtualBox configuration data on Linux hosts this
102. et in the Windows Control Panel 2 1 4 Unattended installation Unattended installations can be performed using the standard MSI support 2 2 Installing on Linux hosts 2 2 1 Prerequisites For the various versions of Linux that we support as host operating systems please refer to Sec tion 1 3 1 Supported host operating systems In any case the following packages must be installed on your Linux system e Qt 3 3 5 or higher e SDL 1 2 7 or higher this graphics library is typically called 1ibsdl or similar Note To be precise these packages are only required if you want to run the VirtualBox graphical user interfaces In particular VirtualBox our main graphical user interface requires both Qt and SDL VBoxSDL our simplified GUI requires only SDL By contrast if you only want to run the headless VRDP server that comes with VirtualBox neither Qt nor SDL are required 2 2 2 Support for external kernel modules VirtualBox uses a special kernel module to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of the processor for guest system execution Without this kernel module you will still be able to work with Virtual Machines in the configuration interface but you will not be able to start any vir tual machines To be able to install this kernel module you will have to prepare your system for building external kernel modules As this process can vary from system to system we will only describe what to do fo
103. ettings dir file apply nobackup skipinvalid Each time VBoxManage is invoked only one command can be executed However a command might support several subcommands which then can be invoked in one single call The following sections provide detailed reference information on the different commands 7 1 VBoxManage list The list command gives relevant information about your system and information about Virtual Box s current settings The following subcommands are available with VBoxManage list vms hdds dvds and floppies all give you information about virtual machines and virtual disk images currently registered in VirtualBox including all their settings the unique identifiers UUIDs associated with them by VirtualBox and all files associated with them ostypes lists all guest operating systems presently known to VirtualBox along with the identi fiers used to refer to them with the modi yvm command hostdvds hostfloppies and hostifs respectively list DVD floppy and host networking interfaces on the host along with the name used to access them from within VirtualBox hostusb supplies information about USB devices attached to the host notably information use ful for constructing USB filters and whether they are currently in use by the host usbfilters lists all global USB filters registered with VirtualBox that is filters for devices which are accessible to all virtual machines and displays the fi
104. etwork to acquire its IP address and other net working details automatically in order to avoid having to con figure all devices in a network with fixed IP addresses Virtual Box has a built in DHCP server that delivers an IP addresses to a virtual machine when networking is configured to NAT see Section 5 3 Networking in virtual machines GUI Graphical User Interface Commonly used as an antonym to a command line interface in the context of VirtualBox we sometimes refer to the main graphical VirtualBox program as the GUI to differentiate it from the VBoxManage interface GUID See UUID I O APIC See APIC 105 Glossary iSCSI MAC NAT PIC PXE SCSI Internet SCSI see Section 5 2 2 iSCSI servers Media Access Control a part of an Ethernet network card A MAC address is a 6 byte number which identifies a network card It is typically written in hexadecimal notation where the bytes are separated as colons such as 00 17 3A 5E CB 08 Network Address Translation A technique to share networking interfaces by which an interface modifies the source and or tar get IP addresses of networking packages according to specific rules Commonly employed by routers and firewalls to shield an internal network from the Internet VirtualBox can use NAT to easily share a host s physical networking hardware with its virtu al machines See Section 5 3 Networking in virtual machines See APIC Preb
105. f a physical screen allowing them to be spread over a large number of screens at tached to the host system e Built in iSCSI support This unique feature allows you to connect a virtual machine dir ectly to an iSCSI storage server without going through the host system The VM accesses the iSCSI target directly without the extra overhead that is required for virtualizing hard disks in container files For details see Section 5 2 2 iSCSI servers e PXE Network boot The integrated virtual network cards of VirtualBox fully support re mote booting via the Preboot Execution Environment PXE Multigeneration snapshots VirtualBox can save successive snapshots of the state of the virtual machine You can revert the virtual machine to the state of any of the snapshots For details see Section 3 4 4 Snapshots VRDP remote access You can run any virtual machine in a special VirtualBox program that acts as a server for the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Protocol VRDP With this unique feature VirtualBox provides high performance remote access to any virtual machine A custom RDP server has been built directly into the virtualization layer and offers unprecedented performance and feature richness VRDP support is described in detail in Section 6 4 Remote Desktop Support VRDP On top of this special capacity VirtualBox offers you more unique features Extensible RDP authentication VirtualBox already supports Winlogon on Windows
106. f any subsequent version of the License published by Netscape No one other than Netscape has the right to modify the terms applicable to Covered Code created under this License 6 3 Derivative Works If You create or use a modified version of this License which you may only do in order to apply it to code which is not already Covered Code governed by this License You must a rename Your license so that the phrases Mozilla MOZILLAPL MOZPL Netscape MPL NPL or any confusingly similar phrase do not appear in your license except to note that your license differs from this License and b otherwise make it clear that Your version of the license contains terms which differ from the Mozilla Public License and Netscape Public License Filling in the name of the Initial Developer Original Code or Contributor in the notice described in Exhibit A shall not of themselves be deemed to be modifications of this License DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN AS IS BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES THAT THE COVERED CODE IS FREE OF DEFECTS ERCHANTABLE FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGING THE E IRE RISK AS TO THE QUA
107. f such entity whether by contract or otherwise or ii ownership of fifty percent 50 or more of the outstanding shares or iii beneficial ownership of such entity You or Your shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License Source form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications including but not limited to software source code documentation Source and configuration files Object form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form including but not limited to compiled object code generated documentation and conversions to other media types Work shall mean the work of authorship whether in Source or Object form made available under the License as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work an example is provided in the Appendix below Derivative Works shall mean any work whether in Source or Object form that is based on or derived from the Work and for which the editorial revisions annotations elaborations or other modifications represent as a whole an original work of authorship For the purposes of this License Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from or merely link or bind by name to the interfaces of the Work and Derivative Works thereof Contribution shall mean any work of authorship including the original vers
108. free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it Fh ct ct For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any problems introduced by others will
109. g a manual installation see Section 2 2 Installing on Linux hosts VirtualBox is written to be extremely modular and portable If you are interested in using Virtual Box on a different system please contact us to discuss adding support Ports to 64 bit Windows and Linux as well as Mac OS X are already underway 1 3 2 Supported guest operating systems While VirtualBox is designed to provide a generic virtualization environment for x86 systems our focus is to optimize the product s performance for provides an overview of current support a select list of guest systems The following table Operating system Support status Windows NT 4 0 All versions editions and service packs are fully supported but see remark 1 below Guest Addi tions are available with a limited feature set Windows 2000 XP Server 2003 Windows Vista All versions editions and service packs are fully supported Guest Additions are available Experimental support full support expected soon Guest Additions are available with a lim ited feature set DOS Windows 3 x 95 98 ME Limited testing has been performed Use beyond legacy installation mechanisms not recommen ded No Guest Additions available Linux 2 4 Limited support Linux 2 6 All versions editions and service packs are fully supported but see remark 2 below Guest Addi tions are available FreeBSD Limited support Guest Addition
110. ge setextradata lt vmname gt VBoxInternal Devices piix3ide 0 LUN x Config IgnoreFlush 0 The value x that selects the disk is 0 for the master device on the first channel 1 for the slave device on the first channel 2 for the master device on the second channel or 3 for the master device on the second channel Only disks support this configuration option It must not be set for CD ROM drives Note that this doesn t affect the flushes performed according to the configuration described in 10 1 2 Restoring the default of ignoring flush commands is possible by setting the value to 1 or by removing the key 10 2 Windows guests 10 2 1 Windows boot failures bluescreens after changing VM configuration 10 2 2 Often customers encounter Windows startup failures the infamous blue screen after performing configuration changes to a virtual machine which are not allowed for an already installed Windows operating system Depending on the presence of several hardware features the Windows installation program chooses special kernel and device driver versions and will fail to startup should these hard ware features be removed Most importantly never disable ACPI and the I O APIC if they were enabled at installation time Enabling them for a Windows VM which was installed without them does not cause any harm However Windows will not use these features in this case Windows 2000 installation failures When installing Windows 2000
111. ged i e this code cannot simply be copied and put under another distribution licence including the GNU Public Licence A 2 6 Mozilla Public License MPL MOZILLA PUBLIC LICENSE Version 1 1 93 3rd party licenses De finitions 1 0 1 Commercial Use means distribution or otherwise making the Covered Code available to a third party 1 1 Contributor means each entity that creates or contributes to the creation of Modifications 1 2 Contributor Version means the combination of the Original Code prior Modifications used by a Contributor and the Modifications made by that particular Contributor 1 3 Covered Code means the Original Code or Modifications or the combination of the Original Code and Modifications in each case including portions thereof 1 4 Electronic Distribution Mechanism means a mechanism generally accepted in the software development community for the electronic transfer of data 1 5 Executable means Covered Code in any form other than Source Code 6 Initial Developer means the individual or entity identified as the Initial Developer in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit As 1 7 Larger Work means a work which combines Covered Code or portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this License 8 License means this document 1 8 1 Licensable means having the right to grant to the maximum extent p
112. given a distinguishing version number If the Library specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by 89 3rd party licenses the Free Software Foundation If the Library does not specify a license version number you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 14 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes mak xceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 15 BECAUSE WARRANTY FOR EXCEPT WHEN O OTHER PARTIES KIND EITHER E HE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO E LIBRARY TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR Y AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY D I T ROVIDE THE LIBRAR
113. gs The updatesettings command updates all VirtualBox configuration files from an earlier to the current version You will need this when you upgrade your version of VirtualBox but should not need it apart from that 58 Chapter 8 Advanced Topics 8 1 VirtualBox configuration data For each system user VirtualBox stores configuration data in the user s home directory as per the conventions of the host operating system e On Linux this is SHOME VirtualBox e On Windows this is HOMEDRIVESSHOMEPATH N VirtualBox typically something like C Documents and Settings NUsername VirtualBox creates this configuration directory automatically if necessary Optionally you can sup ply an alternate configuration directory by setting the v8ox_USER_HOME environment variable VirtualBox stores all its global and machine specific configuration data in XML documents We in tentionally do not document the specifications of these files as we must reserve the right to modify them in the future We therefore request that these files not be edited manually VirtualBox provides complete access to its configuration data through its Application Programming Interface API and the VBoxManage command line tool see Chapter 7 VBoxManage reference In the configuration directory VirtualBox xml is the main configuration file This includes glob al configuration options and the media and virtual machine registry The media registry lin
114. guration Also when requesting support for VirtualBox supplying the corresponding log file is mandatory 10 1 2 Guest shows IDE errors for VDI on slow host file system Occasionally some host file systems provide very poor writing performance and as a consequence cause the guest to time out IDE commands This is normal behavior and should normally cause no real problems as the guest should repeat commands that have timed out However some guests e g some Linux versions have severe problems if a write to a VDI file takes longer than about 15 seconds Some file systems however require more than a minute to complete a single write if the host cache contains a large amount of data that needs to be written The symptom for this problem is that the guest can no longer access its files during large write or copying operations usually leading to an immediate hang of the guest In order to work around this problem the true fix is to use a faster file system that doesn t exhibit such unacceptable write performance it is possible to flush the VDI after a certain amount of data has been written This interval is normally infinite but can be configured individually for each disk of a VM using the following command VBoxManage setextradata lt vmname gt VBoxInternal Devices piix3ide 0 LUN x Config FlushInterval b The value x that selects the disk is 0 for the master device on the first channel 1 for the slave device on the first channel
115. he Virtual Disk Manager see Section 3 5 The Virtual Disk Manager 7 15 VBoxManage addiscsidisk The addiscsidisk command attaches an iSCSI network storage unit to VirtualBox The iSCSI target can then be made available to and used by a virtual machine as though it were a standard write through virtual disk image This command has the following syntax VBoxManage addiscsidisk server lt name gt lt ip gt target target port lt port gt lun lt lun gt username lt username gt password lt password gt comment lt comment gt where the parameters mean server The host name or IP address of the iSCSI target target Target name string This is determined by the iSCSI target and used to identify the storage resource port TCP IP port number of the iSCSI service on the target optional 56 VBoxManage reference lun Logical Unit Number of the target resource optional Often this value is zero username password Username and password for target authentication if required optional Note Currently username and password are stored without encryption i e in cleartext in the machine configuration file comment Any description that you want to have stored with this item optional e g Big storage server downstairs This is stored internally only and not needed for operation 7 16 VBoxManage createhostif removehostif These two commands add and remove respectively virt
116. he folder icon for that drive and select or create a new one using the Virtual Disk Manager For more information please see Section 3 5 The Virtual Disk Manager and Section 5 2 1 Virtual Disk Image VDI files 5 1 3 CD DVD ROM and floppy settings In the VM Settings window the settings in these two categories determine what VirtualBox provides as a floppy disk and as a CD DVD ROM drive to your VM s guest operating system For both the floppy and and CD DVD ROM categories the following options are available Not mounted The virtual device is presented as empty that is no floppy or no CD DVD ROM is present Host drive The physical device of the host computer is connected to the VM so that the guest operating system can read from and write to your physical device This is for instance useful if you want to install Windows from a real installation CD In this case select from the drop down list the drive letter or on the Linux host the device of your host drive Image file Quite similar to virtual hard disks this presents a file on your host as a device to the guest operating system To use an image file you must first import it into the Virtual Disk Man ager see Section 3 5 The Virtual Disk Manager The image file format varies depending on the type of device e For floppies the file must be in raw format e For CD and DVD ROMs the file must be in ISO format Most commonly you will select this op
117. hine can use a given port at a time e vrdpauthtype nulllexternallguest This allows you to choose whether and how au thorization will be performed see Section 6 4 4 RDP authentication for details e usb on off This option enables or disables the VM s virtual USB controller see Sec tion 5 1 6 1 USB settings for details snapshotfolder default path This allows you to specify the folder in which snap shots will be kept for a virtual machine 7 6 VBoxManage startvm This command starts a virtual machine that is currently in the Powered off or Saved states The optional type specifier determines whether the machine will be started in a window GUI mode which is the default or whether the output should go through VBoxVRDP the headless VRDP server see Section 6 4 1 VBoxVRDP the headless VRDP server for more information Note We do not recommend to use VBoxManage startvm to start virtual machines from the com mand line If you want to use a front end other than virtualBox our graphical user inter face please start that front end directly as you might otherwise miss important error and state information that VirtualBox may display on the console Again see Section 6 4 1 VBoxVRDP the headless VRDP server for more information 7 7 VBoxManage controlvm The controlvm subcommand allows you to change the state of a virtual machine that is currently running The following can be specified VB
118. hooting How to record bluescreen information from Windows When Windows guests run into a kernel crash they display the infamous bluescreen Depending on how Windows is configured the information will remain on the screen until the machine is restarted or it will reboot automatically During installation Windows is usually configured to reboot auto matically With automatic reboots there is no chance to record the bluescreen information which might be important for problem determination VirtualBox provides a method of halting a guest when it wants to perform a reset In order to enable this feature issue the following command VBoxManage setextradata lt vmname gt VBoxInternal PDM HaltOnReset 1 No networking in Windows Vista guests Unfortunately with Vista Microsoft dropped support for the virtual AMD PCnet card that we are providing to virtual machines As a result after installation Vista guests initially have no network ing To fix that download the official NDIS5 AMD driver for installation in the guest from here ht tp www amd com us en ConnectivitySolutions ProductInformation 0 50 2330 6629 2452965E24 54 5E2486 00 htm However the next problem will be how to get your Vista to access that driver file as the guest has no networking One possible solution is to create an ISO CD ROM that contains it and then mount that ISO in the guest On a Linux host this can be easily done with this command mkisofs o n
119. hot and should anything happen to the installation you can simply revert to its snapshot state To take a snapshot of your VM perform the following steps 1 You can only take a snapshot if your VM is in the saved or powered off state as displayed next to the VM in the VirtualBox main window So if your VM is not running close it and have its state saved to disk 2 Inthe VirtualBox main window click on the Snapshots tab on the top right of the main win dow and then on the small camera icon for Take snapshot 3 A window will up and ask you to name the snapshot This name is purely for reference pur poses to help you remember the state of the snapshot For example a useful name would be Fresh installation from scratch no external drivers 4 Your new snapshot will then appear in the list of snapshots under the Snapshots tab Under neath you will see an item called Current state signifying that the current state of your VM is a variation based on the snapshot you took earlier If you later take another snapshot you will see that they will be displayed in sequence and each subsequent snapshot is a derivation of the earlier one To revert to an earlier snapshot you click on the Current state item and select Discard current state This will bring the VM back to the state of the nearest most recent snapshot In the same Way you can merge several earlier snapshots into one Note The snapshot reverted
120. i err ea een een 46 7 VBoxManage reference u een men en she ann 48 7 1 V BoxManage list 2 2 52 8 erh 50 7 2 VBoxManage showvminfo esssssssssesse e eme ener 50 7 3 VBoxManage registervm unregistervm 0 cece eee e ee ee eee ee eennennnennn nn 51 7 4 VBoxManage createvm unssunssnnssnnssnnsnnnsnnnsnnnnennennnen nenn nennen sson nenn nennen 51 7 5 VBoxManage modify vni rei enr a rea E eme I HI e mee ree rene 52 RO V BoxManage StartVID son entes br tenere ORARE Pe PH OPE E ER ODER EE eee shoe NU Po pe tex aree d 54 7 7 VBoxManage controlvm retien ee e ereere TE E EE AEE S nenn sen een 54 7 8 VBoxManage discardstaten Ases nenene R Ea E IEE S n ieh 55 7 9 VBoxManage snapshot oos rae e ence a eee E eS 55 7 10 VBoxManage registerimage unregisterimage see 55 7 11 VBoxManage showvdiinfo esses eem emere 56 7 12 VBoxMan ge createvdi este erre PERSE Rr Eye see reb geri 56 7 13 VBoxManage modifyvdi sssssssessss emere 56 7 14 VBoxManage clonevdi srei tmt en 56 7 15 VBoxManage addiscsidisk sssss seca seca cena eens ennnen nennen 56 7 16 VBoxManage createhostif removehostif esses 57 7 17 VBoxManage getextradata setextradata sese 57 7 18 VBoxManage setproperty rinore isee ia cece eee EEEE PEEK EEE mereri 57 7 19 VBoxManage usbfilter add modify remove esee 58 7 20 VBoxManage sharedfolder add remove
121. ibrary or if the work is itself a library The threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law If such an object file uses only numerical parameters data structure layouts and accessors and small macros and small inline functions ten lines or less in length then the use of the object file is unrestricted regardless of whether it is legally a derivative work Executables containing this object code plus portions of the Library will still fall under Section 6 Otherwise if the work is a derivative of the Library you may distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6 87 3rd party licenses Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6 whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself 6 As an exception to the Sections above you may also combine or link a work that uses the Library with the Library to produce a work containing portions of the Library and distribute that work under terms of your choice provided that the terms permit modification of the work for the customer s own use and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License You must supply a copy of this License If the work during execution displays copyright notices you must include the copyright notice fo
122. icense Submission of Contributions Unless You explicitly state otherwise any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License without any additional terms or conditions Notwithstanding the above nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions Trademarks This License does not grant permission to use the trade names trademarks service marks or product names of the Licensor except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file 7 Disclaimer of Warranty Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing Licensor provides the Work and each Contributor provides its Contributions on an AS IS BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND either express or implied including without limitation any warranties or conditions of TITLE NON INFRINGEMENT MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License Limitation of Liability In no event and under no legal theory whether in tort including negligence con
123. if you do not specify register you will have to manually use the registervm com mand later 2 Make sure the settings for this VM are appropriate for the guest operating system that we will install For example VBoxManage modifyvm Windows XP memory 256MB acpi on bootl dvd nicl nat 3 Create a virtual hard disk for the VM in this case 10GB in size and register it with Virtual Box VBoxManage createvdi filename WinXP vdi size 10000 register 4 Set this newly created VDI file as the first virtual hard disk of the new VM VBoxManage modifyvm Windows XP hda WinXP vdi 5 Register the ISO file that contains the operating system installation that you want to install later VBoxManage registerimage dvd full path to iso iso 6 Attach this ISO to the virtual machine so it can boot from it VBoxManage modifyvm Windows XP dvd full path to iso iso Alternatively you can use VBoxManage controlvm dvdattach directly without having to register the image first see Section 7 7 VBoxManage controlvm for details 7 Startthe virtual machine using VBoxVRDP VBoxVRDP startvm Windows XP If everything worked you should see a copyright notice If instead you are returned to the command line then something went wrong 8 On the client machine fire up the RDP viewer and try to connect to the server Assuming a Linux client try the following rdesktop a 16 my server address With rdeskto
124. ime While this format takes less space initially the fact that VirtualBox needs to constantly expand the image file consumes additional computing resources so until the disk has fully expanded write operations are slower than with fixed size disks However after a dynamic disk has fully expanded the performance penalty for read and write operations is negligible For either of the above two image types that is irrespective of whether an image is fixed size or dy namically expanding you can also specify whether write operations affect the image directly 1 With normal images the default setting there are no restrictions on how guests can read from and write to the disk Because of this a normal hard disk can only be attached to a single virtu al machine at any given time although you can detach them from a VM and attach them to an other When you take a snapshot of your virtual machine as described in Section 3 4 4 Snapshots the state of such a normal hard disk will be recorded together with the snapshot and when re verting to the snapshot its state will be fully reset 2 Bycontrast immutable images are read only and can be used from multiple virtual machines simultaneously Write accesses to immutable hard disks will be directed to a special differen cing disk image which VirtualBox creates automatically However when you shut down the VM to which the immutable disk is attached the changes in the differencing disk wil
125. indows Using the PCI hardware detection they will then be recognized and installed automatically 4 3 Linux Guest Additions Like the Windows Guest Additions the VirtualBox Guest Additions for Linux take the form of a set of device drivers and system applications which may be installed in the guest operating system The following Linux distributions are officially supported e Fedora Core 4 and 5 e Redhat Enterprise Linux 3 and 4 e SUSE Linux 9 and 10 e Ubuntu 5 10 and 6 06 Other distributions may work if they are based on comparable software releases If you require such support please contact InnoTek As with Windows guests we recommend installation of the VirtualBox Guest Additions for Linux 4 3 1 Installing the Linux Guest Additions The VirtualBox Guest Additions for Linux are provided on the same ISO CD ROM as the Additions for Windows described above They also come with an installation program guiding you through the setup process although due to the significant differences between Linux distributions installation may be slightly more complex Installation involves the following steps 1 Before installing the Guest Additions you will have to prepare your guest system for building external kernel modules This is exactly the same process as described in Section 2 2 2 Support for external kernel modules except that this step must now be performed in your Linux guest instead of on a Linux host system as describe
126. ion http www ibm com e VirtualBox contains Xalan which is governed by license A 2 4 and for which the following attri butions apply This product includes software developed by The Apache Software Foundation http www apache org Portions of this software were originally based on the following software copyright c 1999 IBM Corporation http www ibm com VirtualBox may contain OpenSSL which is governed by license A 2 5 and Copyright C 1995 1998 Eric Young eay cryptsoft com This product includes software written by Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com e VirtualBox may contain NSPR and XPCOM which is governed by license A 2 6 and Copyright C The Authors e VirtualBox contains Slirp which is governed by license A 2 7 and was written by Danny Gas parovski Copyright c 1995 1996 AII Rights Reserved e VirtualBox contains liblzf which is governed by license A 2 8 and 83 3rd party licenses Copyright c 2000 2005 Marc Alexander Lehmann lt schmorp schmorp de gt e VirtualBox contains Etherboot which is governed by license A 2 9 with the exception that ag gregating Etherboot with another work does not require the other work to be released under the same license see http etherboot sourceforge net clinks html Etherboot is Copyright c Etherboot team A 2 Licenses A 2 1 X Consortium License X11 Permission is hereby granted free of charge to any person obtaining a copy of this softwar
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128. ions thereof c the licenses granted in this Section 2 1 a and b are ffective on the date Initial Developer first distributes Original Code under the terms of this License d Notwithstanding Section 2 1 b above no patent license is granted 1 for code that You delete from the Original Code 2 separate from the Original Code or 3 for infringements caused by i the modification of the Original Code or ii the combination of the Original Code with other software or devices Contributor Grant Subject to third party intellectual property claims each Contributor hereby grants You a world wide royalty free non exclusive license a under intellectual property rights other than patent or trademark Licensable by Contributor to use reproduce modify display perform sublicense and distribute the Modifications created by such Contributor or portions thereof either on an unmodified basis with other Modifications as Covered Code and or as part of a Larger Work and b under Patent Claims infringed by the making using or selling of Modifications made by that Contributor either alone and or in combination with its Contributor Version or portions of such combination to make use sell offer for sale have made and or otherwise dispose of 1 Modifications made by that Contributor or portions thereof and 2 the combination of Modifications made by that Contributor with its Contributor Version or portions of
129. irtual machines In a Windows guest use the following command net use x vboxsvr sharename Replace x with the drive letter that you want to use for the share and sharename with the share name specified with VBoxManage In a Linux guest use the following command mount t vboxsf o OPTIONS sharename mountpoint Replace sharename with the share name specified with VBoxManage and mountpoint with the path where you want the share to be mounted e g mnt share The usual mount rules ap ply that is create this directory first if it does not exist yet Beyond the standard options supplied by the mount command the following OPTIONS are avail able iocharset CHARSET to set the character set used for I O operations utf8 by default and convertcp CHARSET to specify the character set used for the shared folder name utf8 by default 40 Chapter 6 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines 6 1 Introduction As briefly mentioned in Section 1 2 Features overview VirtualBox has a very flexible internal design that allows you to use different front ends to control the same virtual machines To illustrate you can for example start a virtual machine with VirtualBox s easy to use graphical user interface and then stop it from the command line With VirtualBox s support for the Remote Desktop Protocol VRDP you can even run virtual machines remotely on a headless server and have all the graphic
130. irtualBox VESA BIOS allows you to add up to 16 custom video modes which will be reported to the guest operating system When using Windows guests with the VirtualBox Guest Additions a custom graphics driver will be used instead of the fallback VESA solution so this information does not apply Addition video modes can be configured for each VM using the extra data facility The extra data key is called CustomVideoMode lt x gt with x being a number from to 16 Please note that modes will be read from 1 until either the following number is not defined or 16 is reached The following example adds a video mode that corresponds to the native display resolution of many notebook computers VBoxManage setextradata Windows XP CustomVideoModel 1400x1050x16 The VESA mode IDs for custom video modes start at 0x160 In order to use the above defined cus tom video mode the following command line has be supplied to Linux 0x200 0x160 864 vga vga For guest operating systems with VirtualBox Guest Additions a custom video mode can be set us ing the video mode hint feature 8 6 Releasing modifiers with VBoxSDL on Linux When switching from a X virtual terminal VT to another VT using Ctrl Alt Fx while the VBoxSDL window has the input focus the guest will receive Ctrl and Alt keypress events without receiving the corresponding key release events This is an architectural limitation of Linux In order to reset the modifier keys it is
131. irtualBox checks if any of the entries in etc fstab point to CD DVD devices In other words you can try to set VBOX CDROM to contain a list of your CD DVD devices separ ated by colons for example as follows export VBOX CDROM dev cdrom0 dev cdroml Linux host s floppy not found The previous instructions for CD DVD drives apply accordingly to floppy disks except that Virtu alBox tests for dev fd devices by default This can be overridden with the vBOX FLOPPY envir onment variable Strange guest IDE error messages when writing to CD If the experimental CD DVD writer support is enabled with an incorrect VirtualBox host or guest configuration it is possible that any attempt to access the CD DVD writer fails and simply results in guest kernel error messages for Linux guests or application error messages for Windows guests VirtualBox performs the usual consistency checks when a VM is powered up in particular it aborts with an error message if the device for the CD DVD writer is not writable by the user starting the VM but it cannot detect all misconfigurations The necessary host and guest OS configuration is not specific for VirtualBox but a few frequent problems are listed here which occurred in connec tion with VirtualBox Special care must be taken to use the correct device The configured host CD DVD device file name in most cases dev cdrom must point to the device that allows writing to the CD DVD unit For CD D
132. ish new connections to the guest with the default configuration you cannot run a server inside the guest This also means that folders declared as shared with Windows Networking SMB will not be found from outside the virtual machine If you require these you will either need to configure incoming TCP UDP port mappings for NAT or use one of the more advanced but more complicated network setups from the following sections Incoming NAT connections can be configured with the command line tool VBoxManage For NAT the guest needs to share the port number space of the guest Therefore you need to define on which host port a particular guest port should be mapped If the host doesn t itself run a server using a par ticular port the port can be used by the guest An example how to set up incoming NAT connec tions to a ssh server on the guest requires the following three commands VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config ssh UDP 0 VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config ssh GuestPort 22 VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config ssh HostPort 2222 The ssh name is an arbitrary name for a particular mapping With that configuration in place all connections to the host port 2222 should be forwarded to the guest port 22 To remove a mapping run the same commands but without the value parameter e g the 2222 It
133. keys up to 128bit The RC4 keys are being replaced in regular intervals every 4096 packets RDP provides three different authentication methods Historically RDP4 authentication was used where the RDP client does not perform any checks in order to verify the identity of the server it connects to Using a man in the middle MITM attack the user s credentials could be obtained Therefore RDP4 authentication is insecure and should generally not be used RDP5 1 authentication employs a server certificate for which the client possesses the public key This way it is guaranteed that the server must possess the corresponding private key However this hardcoded private key became public some years ago and therefore RDP5 1 au thentication must be considered to be insecure and should generally not be used RDP5 2 authentication is based on TLS 1 0 with customer supplied certificates The server sup plies a certificate to the client which must be signed by a certificate authority CA that the cli ent trusts for the Microsoft RDP Client 5 2 the CA has to be added to the Windows Trusted Root Certificate Authorities database VirtualBox allows you to supply your own CA and server certificate and uses OpenSSL for encryption 46 Alternative front ends remote virtual ma chines While VirtualBox supports all of the above only RDP5 2 authentication should be used in environ ments where security is a concern As the client that connects t
134. ks to all CD DVD floppy and disk images that have been added to the Virtual Disk Manager For each re gistered VM there is one entry which points to the VM configuration file also in XML format You can globally change some of the locations where VirtualBox keeps extra configuration and data by selecting Global settings from the File menu in the VirtualBox main window Then in the window that pops up click on the General tab e Virtual machine settings and files are by default saved as XML files in a subdirectory of the VirtualBox Machines directory You can change the location of this main Machines folder in the Global settings dialog By default for each virtual machine VirtualBox uses another subdirectory of the Machines directory that carries the same name as the virtual machine As a result your virtual machine names must conform to the conventions of your operating system for valid file names For ex ample a machine called Fedora 6 would by default have its settings saved in VirtualBox Machines Fedora 6 Fedora 6 xml If you would like more control over the file names used you can create the machine using VBoxManage createvm with the settingsfile option see Section 7 4 VBoxManage createvm The virtual machine directory will be renamed if you change the machine name If you do not wish this to happen you can create the machine using VBoxManage createvm with the basefolder option In this case the folder n
135. l be com pletely discarded Of course creating a virtual disk image as immutable makes no sense because then the hard disk would always be reset to an empty state when the VM is shut down to which it is attached Hence you will ordinarily create a normal virtual disk image and then when its contents are deemed useful then mark it immutable To mark a disk image as immutable use the vBoxManage modifyvdi command see Sec tion 7 13 VBoxManage modifyvdi 3 Finally write through hard disks are like normal hard disks in that they fully support read and write operations also However their state is not saved when a snapshot is taken and not restored when a VM s state is reverted To create a disk image as write through use the VBoxManage createvdi command see Section 7 12 VBoxManage createvdi To mark an existing image as write through use VBoxManage modifyvdi see Section 7 13 VBoxManage modifyvdi 32 Configuring virtual machines To illustrate the differences between the various types with respect to snapshots You have installed your guest operating system in your VM and you have taken a snapshot Imagine you have acci dentally infected your VM with a virus and would like to go back to the snapshot With a normal hard disk image you simply revert the state of the VM and the earlier state of your hard disk image will be restored as well and your virus infection will be undone With an immutable ha
136. lation Invoke the installer like this VirtualBox run keep noexec This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current dir ectory The VirtualBox application files are contained in VirtualBox tar bz2 which you can un pack to any directory on your system For example sudo mkdir opt VirtualBox sudo tar jxf install VirtualBox tar bz2 C opt VirtualBox or as root mkdir opt VirtualBox tar jxf install VirtualBox tar bz2 C opt VirtualBox The sources for VirtualBox s kernel module are provided in the src directory To build the module change to the directory and issue make If everything builds correctly issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory Installation sudo make install In case you do not have sudo switch the user account to root and perform make install The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate The above make command will tell you how to create the device node depending on your Linux system The procedure is slightly dif ferent for a classical Linux setup with a dev directory a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev On certain Linux distributions you might experience difficulties building the module You will have to analyze the error messages from the build system to diagnose the cause of the problems In gener al make sure that the correct Linux kern
137. logodisplaytime lt msec gt bioslogoimagepath lt imagepath gt biosbootmenu lt disabled menuonly messageandmenu gt boot lt 1 4 gt none floppy dvd disk net gt hd a b d none lt uuid gt lt filename gt dvd none lt uuid gt lt filename gt host lt drive gt dvdpassthrough on off floppy disabled empty lt uuid gt lt filename gt host lt drive gt nic 1 N none null nat hostif intnet nictype lt 1 N gt Am79C970A Am79C973 cableconnected 1 N on off nictrace 1 N on off nictracefile 1 N lt filename gt hostifdev 1 N none lt devicename gt intnet 1 N network macaddress 1 N auto lt mac gt tapsetup 1 N none lt application gt tapterminate lt 1 N gt none lt application gt audio none null oss alsa winmm dsound vrdp onloff vrdpport default lt port gt vrdpauthtype null external guest usb onloff snapshotfolder default lt path gt lt uuid gt lt name gt type guilvrdp lt uuid gt lt name gt pause resume reset poweroff savestate acpipowerbutton setlinkstate 1 4 on off 48 VBoxManage reference VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManag VBoxManag discardstate snapshot registerimag VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBox VBox VBox VBox VBox anage anage anage anage anage VBoxManage unregisterimag showvdiinfo
138. lter parameters systemproperties displays some global VirtualBox settings such as minimum and maxim um guest RAM and virtual hard disk size folder settings and the current authentication library in use 7 2 VBoxManage showvminfo The showvminfo command shows information about a particular virtual machine This is the same information as VBoxManage list vms would show for all virtual machines You will get information similar to the following 50 VBoxManage reference VBoxManage showvminfo Windows XP VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 1 3 2 C 2005 2007 InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH All rights reserved Name Windows XP Guest OvS Other Unknown UUID 1bf3464d 57c6 4d49 92a9 a5cc38160b7e7 Config file home username VirtualBox Machines Windows XP Windows XP xml Memory size 128MB VRAM size 8MB Boot menu mode message and menu ACPI on IOAPIC off Hardw virt ext off State powered off Floppy empty DVD empty IC 1 disabled IC 2 disabled IC 33 disabled IC 4 disabled Audio disabled Driver Unknown VRDP disabled USB disabled USB Device Filters none Shared folders none 7 3 VBoxManage registervm unregistervm The registervm command allows you to import a virtual machine definition in an XML file into VirtualBox There are some restrictions here the machine must not conflict with one already re gistered in VirtualBox and it may not have any ha
139. luding a description of how and where You have fulfilled the Source ce in a ikely tion s in tation nership to You tial than S tial he Code n of 96 3rd party licenses 4 5 6 d obligations of Section 3 2 The notice must be conspicuously included in any notice in an Executable version related documentation or collateral in which You describe recipients rights relating to the Covered Code You may distribute the Executable version of Covered Code or ownership rights under a license of Your choice which may contain terms different from this License provided that You are in compliance with the terms of this License and that the license for the Executable version does not attempt to limit or alter the recipient s rights in the Source Code version from the rights set forth in this License If You distribute the Executable version under a different license You must make it absolutely clear that any terms which differ from this License are offered by You alone not by the Initial Developer or any Contributor You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of any such terms You offer 3 7 Larger Works You may create a Larger Work by combining Covered Code with other code not governed by the terms of this License and distribute the Larger Work a
140. m separately afterwards 51 VBoxManage reference 7 5 VBoxManage modifyvm This command changes the properties of a registered virtual machine Most of the properties that this command makes available correspond to the VM settings that VirtualBox graphical user inter face displays in each VM s Settings dialog these were described in Section 5 1 Virtual machine settings Some of the more advanced settings however are only available through the VBoxManage inter face The following settings are available through VBoxManage modifyvm name lt name gt This changes the VM s name and possibly renames the internal virtual machine files as described with VBoxManage createvm above ostype lt ostype gt This specifies what guest operating system is supposed to run in the VM As mentioned at Section 3 2 Creating a virtual machine this setting is presently purely de scriptive To learn about the various identifiers that can be used here use VBoxManage list ostypes e memory lt memorysize gt This sets the amount of RAM in MB that the virtual machine should allocate for itself from the host Again see the remarks in Section 3 2 Creating a virtual machine for more information e vram vramsize This sets the amount of RAM that the virtual graphics card should have See Section 5 1 1 General settings for details acpi onloff ioapic on off These two determine whether the VM should have AC
141. ment reproduces these licenses and provides a list of the materials used and their respective licens ing conditions Section 1 contains a list of the materials used Section 2 reproduces the applicable Open Source licenses For each material a reference to its license is provided A 1 Materials e VirtualBox contains portions of QEMU which is governed by licenses A 2 1 and A 2 2 and C 2003 2005 Fabrice Bellard Copyright c 2004 2005 Vassili Karpov malc Copyright c 2004 Antony T Curtis Copyright c 2003 Jocelyn Mayer e VirtualBox contains code which is governed by license A 2 1 and Copyright 2004 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology e VirtualBox contains code of the BOCHS VGA BIOS which is governed by license A 2 2 and Copyright C 2001 2002 the LGPL VGABios developers Team e VirtualBox contains code of the BOCHS ROM BIOS which is governed by license A 2 2 and Copyright C 2002 MandrakeSoft S A Copyright C 2004 Fabrice Bellard Copyright C 2005 Struan Bartlett e VirtualBox contains the zlib library which is governed by license A 2 3 and Copyright C 1995 2003 Jean loup Gailly and Mark Adler e VirtualBox contains Xerces which is governed by license A 2 4 and for which the following at tributions apply This product includes software developed by The Apache Software Foundation http www apache org Portions of this software were originally based on the following software copyright c 1999 IBM Corporat
142. n 1 3 2 2007 01 15 e General Added experimental support for Windows Vista as a host e General Added support for Windows Vista as a guest e GUI numerous improvements including a redesigned media manager e BIOS added DMI information for recent Linux kernels e VMM experimental support for AMD SVM hardware virtualization extensions e VMM significant performance improvements for Linux 2 6 guests e VMM performance improvements for Windows guests Network fixed issues with DOS guests e Network fixed creation of more than one host interface during process lifetime on Windows e VBoxManage added support for compacting VDI files requires zeroing freespace in the guest e API startup even when a VM configuration file is inaccessible or corrupted e API faster startup using lazy media access checking e Linux Additions fixed several installation issues and added better error checks Linux Additions added support for X org 7 1 Installer added packages for Ubuntu 6 10 Edgy Eft Ubuntu 6 06 LTS Dapper Drake and Debian 4 0 Etch 11 5 Version 1 2 4 2006 11 16 Several bug fixes that accidentially didn t make it into 1 2 2 11 6 Version 1 2 2 2006 11 14 Note Guest Additions have to be updated for the enhanced VRDP features to work Linux Additions improved compatibility with Red Hat distributions Linux Additions enhanced display performance solved several issues Linux Additions added color pointer support
143. n about a virtual hard disk image notably its size its size on disk its type and the VM it is in use by 7 12 VBoxManage createvdi This command creates a new virtual hard disk image You must specify the filename for the new im age and the virtual size If you give the static option disk space for the whole image will be al located at once on the host With the comment option you can attach a comment to the image The register option if given tells VirtualBox to register the image for use with virtual machines You can use the t ype option to create a disk in write through mode which will not be affected by snapshots see Section 5 2 1 Virtual Disk Image VDI files for details As described there you cannot create a VDI with the immutable type as it would then always remain empty 7 13 VBoxManage modifyvdi The modifyvdi command can be used to change the type of a virtual disk image between normal write through and immutable Again see Section 5 2 1 Virtual Disk Image VDI files for details Only images that have previously been registered with VirtualBox can be set to immutable as the property is set in VirtualBox s configuration and not in the disk image file itself 7 14 VBoxManage clonevdi This command duplicates a registered virtual hard disk image to a new image file with a new unique identifier UUID The new image can be transferred to another host system or imported into Virtu alBox again using t
144. n addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or with a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or C Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete sour
145. n case of startup errors such output might be desirable for problem diagnosis 6 4 2 Step by step creating a virtual machine on a headless serv er The following instructions may give you an idea how to create a virtual machine on a headless serv er over a network connection We will create a virtual machine establish a VRDP connection and install a guest operating system all without having to touch the headless server All you need is the following 1 VirtualBox on a server machine with a supported host operating system Linux or Windows for the following example we will assume a Linux server 2 an ISO file on the server containing the installation data for the guest operating system to in stall we will assume Windows XP in the following example 3 aterminal connection to that host over which you can access a command line e g via telnet or ssh 4 an RDP viewer on the remote client on a Linux client you could use rdesktop to connect from a Windows machine you could use the RDP viewer that comes with Windows usually found in Accessories Communication Remote Desktop Connection Note that on the server machine since we will only use the headless server neither Qt nor SDL nor the X Window system will be needed 1 On the headless server create a new virtual machine VBoxManage createvm name Windows XP register 44 Alternative front ends remote virtual ma chines Note that
146. n to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Library In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library with the Library or with a work based on the Library on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public icense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library To do his you must alter all the notices that refer to this License so hat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License version 2 nstead of to this License If a newer version than version 2 of the rdinary GNU General Public License has appeared then you can specify hat version instead if you wish Do not make any other change in hese notices ch tO HAREE Once this change is made in a given copy it is irreversible for that copy so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the Library into a program that is not a library 4 You may copy and distribute the Library or a portion or derivative of it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany
147. n window you will find that the VM continues exactly where it was left off All your programs will still be open and your computer resumes operation Saving the state of a virtual machine is thus the equivalent of suspending a laptop computer e g by closing its lid Power off the machine With this option VirtualBox also stops running the virtual machine but without saving its state This is equivalent of pulling the power plug on a real computer without properly shutting down If you start the machine again after powering it off your operat ing system will have to reboot completely and may begin a lengthy check of its virtual system 19 Starting out with VirtualBox disks As a result this should only be done with care since it can potentially cause data loss or an in consistent state of the guest system on disk The Discard button in the main VirtualBox window discards a virtual machine s saved state This has the same effect as powering it off and the same warnings apply 3 4 4 Snapshots With VirtualBox s snapshots you can save a particular state of a virtual machine for later use At any later time you can revert to that state even though you may have changed the VM considerably since then This is particularly useful for making sure that a guest installation is not damaged by accidental changes misbehaving software or viruses Once you have set up the machine the way you want it simply take a snaps
148. nce improvements e ACPI improved host power status reporting e PXE added support for Microsoft RIS ProxyDHCP e PXE fixed several issues added diagnostic messages 11 8 Version 1 1 10 2006 07 28 e IDE added workaround for Acronis TrueImage violates IDE specification e IDE resolved issues with certain Linux guests e ACPI further improved host power status reporting 74 ChangeLog e API fixed several race conditions and improved reliability e API increased maximum guest RAM size to 2GB Linux host and 1 2GB Windows host e USB added option to set the OHCI timer rate e VMM fixed several issues e VRDP fixed infinite resize loop e GUI changed the default host key to Right Control 11 9 Version 1 1 8 2006 07 17 IDE new ATA implementation with improved performance reliability and better standards compliance IDE added experimental support for ATAPI passthrough to use CD DVD burners inside VMs e VMM fixed user mode IOPL handling hwclock failure e VMM fixed crashes upon termination in Linux X servers e VMM fixed problems with Knoppix 5 0 and other Linux kernels 2 6 15 e VMM improved handling of self modifying code aka Linux 2 6 15 errors e VMM introduce release logging for better servicability e VMM significant performance improvements especially for Linux 2 6 guests e VRDP several issues have been fixed e VRDP fixed enhanced rdesktop to build correctly under Linux 2 6 15 e
149. ndependent images part of the upcoming snapshot feature e Additions added VBoxControl command line utility to get set the guest video acceleration status e Additions video acceleration is turned off by default use VBoxControl to enable it It usually helps for VRDP performance e GUI DirectDraw support for faster display handling on Win32 e GUI allow creation and assignment of disk images in the New VM wizard e USB fixed high CPU load on certain Linux distributions e VBoxSDL fixed several secure labeling issues crash at exit protection against guest video modes greater than what SDL provides on the host e VBoxManage convert command line parameters from the current codepage to Unicode 11 15 Version 1 0 46 2005 11 04 Note Guest Additions have to be updated 78 ChangeLog e Linux VirtualBox binaries can now be started from directories other than the installation direct ory e VMM added support for PAE guest mode e VMM added support for hosts running in NX No Execute DEP Data Execution Prevention mode e Graphics fixes for dynamic resolution handling Linux module yet another kernel panic fix due to weird patches in RedHat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 2 e VBoxSVC if VBOX USER HOME is set look for configuration in this directory default HOME VirtualBox 11 16 Version 1 0 44 2005 10 25 Note Guest Additions have to be updated Installer greatly improved Windows installer fixed
150. nes The following sections describe the available network modes 5 3 1 Not attached When a virtual network card s mode is set to Not attached VirtualBox reports to the guest that a network card is present but that there is no connection as if no Ethernet cable was plugged into the card This way it is possible to pull the virtual Ethernet cable and disrupt the connection which can be useful to inform a guest operating system that no network connection is available and enforce a reconfiguration 5 3 2 Network Address Translation NAT Network Address Translation is the simplest way of accessing an external network from a virtual machine Usually it does not require any configuration on the host network and guest system In NAT mode the guest operating system receives its network configuration from an DHCP server that is integrated into VirtualBox The network frames from the guest operating system are analyzed by VirtualBox s NAT engine the TCP IP data is extracted and the host operating system s TCP IP engine is then used to send the translated data However VirtualBox s NAT engine by default only permits outgoing TCP IP connections TCP and UDP It is therefore not possible to establish connections from the external network including the host machine to the virtual machine NAT is good enough for surfing the Internet downloading files and receiving e mail in the guest operating system As you cannot however establ
151. not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s fr use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered only if its c
152. nse shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of the Northern District of California with venue lying in Santa Clara County California with the losing party responsible for costs including without limitation court costs and reasonable attorneys fees and expenses The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded Any law or regulation which provides that the language of a contract shall be construed against the drafter shall not apply to this License RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS As between Initial Developer and the Contributors each party is responsible for claims and damages arising directly or indirectly out of its utilization of rights under this License and You agree to work with Initial Developer and Contributors to distribute such responsibility on an equitable basis Nothing herein is intended or shall be deemed to constitute any admission of liability MULTIPLE LICENSED CODE Initial Developer may designate portions of the Covered Code as Multiple Licensed Multiple Licensed means that the Initial Developer permits you to utilize portions of the Covered Code under Your choice of the NPL or the alternative licenses if any specified by the Initial Developer in the file described in Exhibit A EXHIBIT A Mozilla Public License The contents of this file are subje
153. nses granted by such Participant under Sections 2 1 or 2 2 shall be taken into account in determining the amount or value of any payment or license 8 4 In the event of termination under Sections 8 1 or 8 2 above all end user license agreements excluding distributors and resellers which have been validly granted by You or any distributor hereunder prior to termination shall survive termination 9 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY R NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER LUDING NEGLIGENCE CONTRACT OPER ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PAR Y INDIREC 1 HARACTER I ORK STOPPAG EGAL THE R OTHERWIS R ANY DIST IES BE LI O U T ORY WHETHER TORT E SHALL YOU THE INITIAL RIBUTOR OF COVERED CODE ABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR r ENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY C ION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL E COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION OR ANY AND ALL OTHER OMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES EVE IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN FORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY ESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY S NEGLIGENCE TO THE EXTENT APPLICABLE LAW ROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE XCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO HIS EXCLUSION AND LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU AH Zo j Q El HOOCO W R CONSEQ
154. ntered 3 3 Basics of virtual machine configuration When you select a virtual machine from the list of VMs in the main VirtualBox window you will see a summary of that VM s settings on the right of the window under the Details tab Clicking on the Settings button in the toolbar at the top of VirtualBox main window brings up a detailed window where you can configure many of the properties of the VM that is currently selec 15 Starting out with VirtualBox ted But be careful even though it is possible to change all VM settings after installing a guest oper ating system certain changes might prevent a guest operating system from functioning correctly if done after installation Note The Settings button is disabled while a VM is either in the running or saved state This is simply because the settings dialog allows you to change fundamental characteristics of the virtual computer that is created for your guest operating system and this operating system may not take it well when for example half of its memory is taken away from un der its feet As a result if the Settings button is disabled shut down the current VM first VirtualBox provides a plethora of parameters that can be changed for a VM and even more para meters are available through the VBoxManage program see Chapter 7 VBoxManage reference The various settings that can be changed in the Settings window are described in detail in in Sec tion 5 1
155. o the server determines what type of encryption will be used with rdesktop the Linux RDP viewer use the 4 or 5 options 47 Chapter 7 VBoxManage reference When running VBoxManage without parameters or when supplying an invalid command line the syntax diagram will be shown The Linux and Windows versions are slightly different to reflect dif ferences between these operating systems When in doubt check the output of the VBoxManage command to for the commands available on a particular host system The following diagram shows a superset of all commands understood by VBoxManage VirtualBox Command Lin Management Interface Version 1 3 8 C 2005 2007 InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH All rights Usage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage reserved Lest showvminfo registervm unregistervm createvm modifyvm startvm controlvm vms ostypes hostdvds hostfloppies hostifs hdds dvds floppies usbhost usbfilters systemproperties lt uuid gt lt name gt lt filename gt lt uuid gt lt name gt delete name name register basefolder path settingsfile lt path gt uuid name name lt name gt ostype lt ostype gt memory lt memorysize gt vram vramsize acpi onloff ioapic on off hwvirtex on off default bioslogofadein on off bioslogofadeout on off bios
156. odes in XP and XFree86 X org Network fixed Linux guest issues Network fixed NAT DHCP server to work with MS DOS TCP IP e Network fixed performance issue under heavy guest CPU load e Network fixed errors with more than one network card e USB added experimental USB support for Linux hosts e VMM fixed DOS A20 gate handling in real mode e VMM fixed TSS IO bitmap handling crash in Debian Knoppix hardware detection routine 80 ChangeLog e VMM fixed IO issue which broke VESA in X11 e VMM performance improvements for Linux guests e VMM added local APIC support e VBoxSDL added pointer shape support and use host pointer in fullscreen mode if available e GUI determine system parameters e g maximum VDI size using the API e GUI added detailed error information dialogs e GUI special handling of inaccessible media e API better error message handling provide system parameters handle inaccessible media Guest Additions implemented full pointer shape support for all pointer color depths including alpha channel e VBoxManage several command extensions 11 19 Version 1 0 39 2005 05 05 Note Guest Additions have to be updated Linux converted XPCOM runtime to a single shared object Linux fixed SIGALRM process crash on certain distributions e VMM fixed Linux guests with grsecurity address space scrambling e ACPI added experimental ACPI support e VRDFP added shadow buffer for reduced bandwidth
157. of performing this distribution d If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy from a designated place offer equivalent access to copy the above specified materials from the same place e Verify that the user has already received a copy of these materials or that you have already sent this user a copy For an executable the required form of the work that uses the Library must include any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the executable from it However as a special exception the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally accompany the operating system Such a contradiction means you cannot use both them and the Library together in an executable that you distribute 7 You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities not covered by this License and distribute such a combined library provided that the separate distribution of the work based on the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise permitted and provided that you do
158. ojects virtualBox vdis Windows XP vdi Disk Type Normal Storage Type Virtual Disk Image Attached to Windows XP Snapshot Snapshot 1 Help The Disk Image Manager shows you all images that are currently registered with VirtualBox con veniently grouped in three tabs for the three possible formats These formats are Hard disk images in VirtualBox s own Virtual Disk Image VDI format As mentioned above in Section 3 2 Creating a virtual machine VirtualBox creates a guest s virtual hard drive as a single big VDI file on your host computer s disk These image files can either be set to expand as they fill up or created to always be the size of the virtual disk e CD DVD images in standard ISO format floppy images in standard RAW format As you can see in the screenshot above for each image the Virtual Disk Manager shows you the full path of the image file and other information such as the virtual machine the image is currently attached to if any Also as can be seen in the screenshot if you have created snapshots for a virtual machine additional differencing hard disk images may automatically be created see Sec tion 3 4 4 Snapshots for details The Virtual Disk Manager allows you to e create new hard disk images using the New button this will bring up the Create Disk Image wizard already described in Section 3 2 Creating a virtual machine e import existing images on your hard drive into
159. ontents constitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s Source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and 101 3rd party licenses distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively wh
160. oot Execution Environment an industry standard for boot ing PC systems from remote network locations It includes DH CP for IP configuraiton and TFTP for file transfer Using UNDI a hardware independent driver stack for accessing the network card from bootstrap code is available Remote Desktop Protocol a protocol developed by Microsoft as an extension to the ITU T 128 and T 124 video conferencing protocol With RDP a PC system can be controlled from a re mote location using a network connection over which data is transferred in both directions Typically graphics updates and audio are sent from the remote machine and keyboard and mouse input events are sent from the client VirtualBox contains an enhanced implementation of the relevant standards called VirtualBox RDP VRDP which is largely compatible with Microsoft s RDP implementation See Section 6 4 Remote Desktop Support VRDP for details Small Computer System Interface An industry standard for data transfer between devices especially for storage See Sec tion 5 2 2 iSCSI servers 106 Glossary UUID VM VRDP XPCOM A Universally Unique Identifier often also called GUID Globally Unique Identifier is a string of numbers and letters which can be computed dynamically and is guaranteed to be unique Generally it used as a global handle to identify entities VirtualBox makes use of UUIDs to identify VMs Virtual Disk Images VDI files and
161. ossible whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently acquired any and all of the rights conveyed herein 1 9 Modifications means any addition to or deletion from the substance or structure of either the Original Code or any previous Modifications When Covered Code is released as a series of files a Modification is A Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file containing Original Code or previous Modifications B Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code or previous Modifications 1 10 Original Code means Source Code of computer software code which is described in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A as Original Code and which at the time of its release under this License is not already Covered Code governed by this License 1 10 1 Patent Claims means any patent claim s now owned or hereafter acquired including without limitation method process and apparatus claims in any patent Licensable by grantor 1 11 Source Code means the preferred form of the Covered Code for making modifications to it including all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files scripts used to control compilation and installation of an Executable or source code differential comparisons against either the Original Code or another well known available Covered Code of the Contributor s choice The Source Code can be in a compressed or archival form pro
162. other entities Virtual Machine a virtual computer that VirtualBox allows you to run on top of your actual hardware See Section 1 1 Virtualization basics for details See RDP Mozilla Cross Platform Component Object Model a program ming infrastructure developed by the Mozilla browser project which is similar to Microsoft COM and allows applications to provide a modular programming interface VirtualBox makes use of XPCOM on Linux both internally and externally to provide a comprehensive API to third party developers 107
163. ou will also need their serial numbers to filter them out correctly 3 Remote This setting specifies whether the device will be local only or remote only over VRDP or either On a Windows host you will need to unplug and reconnect a USB device to use it after creating a filter for it As an example you could create a new USB filter and specify a vendor ID of 046d Logitech Inc a manufacturer index of 1 and not remote Then any USB devices on the host system produced by Logitech Inc with a manufacturer index of 1 will be visible to the guest system Several filters can select a single device for example a filter which selects all Logitech devices and one which selects a particular webcam You can deactivate filters without deleting them by clicking in the checkbox next to the filter name 5 1 6 2 Implementation notes On Windows hosts two kernel mode device drivers provide USB proxy support A USB filter driver allows VirtualBox to capture devices when they are plugged in Installing uninstalling and updating this filter requires a system restart A second USB device driver then claims USB devices and makes them available to a virtual machine After defining a USB device filter for a VM the device needs to be replugged once for VirtualBox to claim it Also you might have to confirm a driver signing warning when starting a VM with assigned USB devices On Linux hosts VirtualBox accesses USB devices on Linux through the u
164. oxManage controlvm vm pause temporarily puts a virtual machine on hold without changing its state for good The VM window will be painted in gray to indicate that the VM is currently paused This is equivalent to selecting the Pause item in the VM menu of the GUI Use VBoxManage controlvm vm resume to undo a previous pause command This is equivalent to selecting the Resume item in the VM menu of the GUI VBoxManage controlvm vm reset has the same effect on a virtual machine as pressing the Reset button on a real computer a cold reboot of the virtual machine which will restart and boot the guest operating system again immediately The state of the VM is not saved before hand and data may be lost This is equivalent to selecting the Reset item in the VM menu of the GUI VBoxManage controlvm vm poweroff has the same effect on a virtual machine as pulling the power cable on a real computer Again the state of the VM is not saved beforehand and data may be lost This is equivalent to selecting the Close item in the VM menu of the GUI or pressing the window s close button and then selecting Power off the VM in the dia log After this the VM s state will be Powered off From there it can be started again see Sec tion 7 6 VBoxManage startvm 54 VBoxManage reference VBoxManage controlvm vm savestate will save the current state of the VM to disk and then stop the VM
165. oxManage modifyvm for a general introduction Three methods of authentication are avail able The null method means that there is no authentication at all any client can connect to the VRDP server and thus the virtual machine This is of course very insecure and only to be re commended for private networks The external method provides external authentication through a special authentication library VirtualBox comes with two default libraries for external authentication OnLinux hosts VRDPAuth so authenticates users against the hosts PAM system On Windows hosts VRDPAuth d11 authenticates users against the host s WinLogon system In other words the external method per default performs authentication with the user accounts that exist on the host system However you can replace the default external authentication module with any other module For this VirtualBox provides a well defined interface that allows you to write your own authen tication module see Section 8 3 Custom external VRDP authentication for details Finally the guest authentication method performs authentication with a special component that comes with the Guest Additions as a result authentication is not performed with the host users but with the guest user accounts This method is currently still in testing and not yet sup ported 6 4 5 RDP encryption RDP features data stream encryption which is based on the RC4 symmetric cipher with
166. p the a 16 option requests a color depth of 16 bits per pixel which we recom mend Also after installation you should set the color depth of your guest operating system to the same value You should now be seeing the installation routine of your guest operating system 6 4 3 Remote USB As a special feature on top of the VRDP support VirtualBox supports remote USB devices over the wire as well That is the VirtualBox guest that runs on one computer can access the USB devices of the remote computer on which the RDP data is being displayed the same way as USB devices that are connected to the actual host This allows for running virtual machines on a VirtualBox host that acts as a server where a client can connect from elsewhere that needs only a network adapter and a display capable of running an RDP viewer When USB devices are plugged into the client the re mote VirtualBox server can access them 45 Alternative front ends remote virtual ma chines For these remote USB devices the same filter rules apply as for other USB devices as described with Section 5 1 6 1 USB settings All you have to do is specify Remote or Any when set ting up these rules 6 4 4 RDP authentication For each virtual machine that is remotely accessible via RDP you can individually determine if and how RDP connections are authenticated For this use VBoxManage modifyvm command with the vrdpauthtype option see Section 7 5 VB
167. possible to send SIGUSR1 to the VBoxSDL main thread first entry in the ps list For example when switching away to another VT and saving the virtual machine from this terminal the following sequence can be used to make sure the VM is not saved with stuck modifiers kill usrl pid VBoxManage controlvm Windows 2000 savestate 62 Chapter 9 VirtualBox Application Programming Interfaces These are not yet documented 63 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting This chapter provides answers to commonly asked questions In order to improve your user experi ence with VirtualBox it is recommended to read this section to learn more about common pitfalls and get recommendations on how to use the product 10 1 General 10 1 1 Collecting debugging information For problem determination it is often important to collect debugging information which can be ana lyzed by VirtualBox support This section contains information about what kind of information can be obtained Every time VirtualBox starts up a VM a log file is created containing some information about the VM configuration and runtime events The log file is called vBox 1og and resides in the VM log file folder Typically this will be a directory like this SHOME VirtualBox Machines machinename Logs When starting a VM the configuration file of the last run will be renamed to 1 up to 3 Some times when there is a problem it is useful to have a look at the confi
168. r grow to the size specified as it is filled with data e A fixed size file will immediately occupy the file specified even if only a fraction of the virtual hard disk space is actually in use While occupying much more space a fixed size file incurs less overhead and is therefore slightly faster than a dynamically expanding file For details about the differences please refer to Section 5 2 1 Virtual Disk Image VDI files To prevent your physical hard disk from running full VirtualBox limits the size of the image file Still it needs to be large enough to hold the contents of your operating system and the ap plications you want to install for a modern Windows or Linux guest you will probably need several gigabytes for any serious use Virtual Disk Location and Size Press the Select button to select the location and name of the file to store the virtual hard disk image or type a file name in the entry field Image File Name WinXP boot disk Select the size of the virtual hard disk image in megabytes This size will be reported to the Guest OS as the size of the virtual hard disk Image Size i 10 85 GB I 2 00 TB lt Back Next gt Cancel After having selected or created your VDI file again press Next to go the next page 4 After clicking on Finish your new VM will be created You will then see it in the list on the left side of the VirtualBox main window with the name you have e
169. r network adapter act as if it was really two network ad apters In some network environments measures have been taken to prevent a client connected to an Ether net switch from using more than one source MAC address on a single Ethernet port by temporarily blocking communication on the switch port These setups are not compatible with Host Interface Networking in bridging mode Warning Setting up bridging will break your current network connectivity temporarily until the bridge has been configured correctly This must be taken into account especially when set ting up VirtualBox on a remote system Generally bridging just like setting up routing re quires in depth knowledge of networking concepts and the utilities involved to configure the network setup Incorrect use can lead to loss of network connectivity Use with caution 5 3 3 1 Bridging on Windows hosts When you install VirtualBox on the Windows host a special networking driver is installed together with the rest of VirtualBox This driver the VirtualBox Host Interface NDIS driver can be used to create additional host interfaces Use the vBoxManage tool to create new host interfaces on your Windows system VBoxManage createhostif VMl external 35 Configuring virtual machines Each new host interface thus created appears as an additional network card in your standard Net work Connections properties Note If your host is running Windows XP or newer you
170. r systems we have tested Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages Normally these will be the GNU compiler GCC GNU Make make and packages containing header files for your kernel The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel you are using In newer Debian and Ubuntu releases you must install the right version of the 1inux headers and if it exists the 1inux kbuild package Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default In older Debian and Ubuntu releases you must install the right version of the kernel headers package On Fedora and Redhat systems the package is kernel devel On SUSE and OpenSUSE Linux you must install the right versions of the kernel source and kernel syms packages On Slackware Linux the package is called kernel source Installation e Alternatively if you built your own kernel on Gentoo systems this will usually be the case usr src linux will point to your kernel sources and you have not removed the files created during the build process then your system will already be correctly set up In order to use VirtualBox s USB support the user account under which you intend to run Virtual Box must have read and write access to the USB filesystem usbfs In addition access to dev net tun will be required if you want to use Host Interface Network ing which is described in detail in S
171. r the Library among them as well as a reference directing the user to the copy of this License Also you must do one of these things a Accompany the work with the complete corresponding machine readable source code for the Library including whatever changes were used in the work which must be distributed under Sections 1 and 2 above and if the work is an executable linked with the Library with the complete machine readable work that uses the Library as object code and or source code so that the user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified executable containing the modified Library It is understood that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application to use the modified definitions b Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library A suitable mechanism is one that 1 uses at run time a copy of the library already present on the user s computer system rather than copying library functions into the executable and 2 will operate properly with a modified version of the library if the user installs one as long as the modified version is interface compatible with the version that the work was made with c Accompany the work with a written offer valid for at least three years to give the same user the materials specified in Subsection 6a above for a charge no more than the cost
172. r virtual machine This al lows you to transport VM definitions between the different frontends and even across host com puters For details please refer to Section 8 1 VirtualBox configuration data Great hardware support Among others VirtualBox supports Full ACPI support The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACPI is fully sup ported by VirtualBox This eases cloning of PC images from real machines or third party virtual machines into VirtualBox With its unique ACPI power status support VirtualBox can even report to ACPI aware guest operating systems the power status of the host For mo bile systems running on battery the guest can thus enable energy saving and notify the user of the remaining power e g in fullscreen modes e TO APIC support VirtualBox virtualizes an Input Output Advanced Programmable Inter rupt Controller I O APIC which is found in many modern PC systems This eases cloning of PC images from real machines or 3rd party virtual machines into VirtualBox USB device support VirtualBox implements a virtual USB controller and allows you to 3 Introduction connect arbitrary USB devices to your virtual machines without having to install device specific drivers on the host USB support is not limited to certain device categories For de tails see Section 5 1 6 1 USB settings e Multiscreen resolutions VirtualBox virtual machines support screen resolutions many times that o
173. ram or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Program or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License 7 If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only
174. ration data for details vrdpauthlibrary This specifies which library to use when external VRDP au thentication has been selected for a particular virtual machine see Section 6 4 4 RDP authentication for details 57 VBoxManage reference hwvirtexenabled This selects whether or not hardware virtualization support is enabled by default Note This feature may still be experimental at the time you read this 7 19 VBoxManage usbfilter add modify remove The usbfilter commands are used for working with USB filters in virtual machines or global fil ters which affect the whole VirtualBox setup Global filters are applied before machine specific fil ters and may be used to prevent devices from being captured by any virtual machine Global filters are always applied in a particular order and only the first filter which fits a device is applied So for example if the first global filter says to hold make available a particular Kingston memory stick device and the second to ignore all Kingston devices that memory stick will be available to any ma chine with an appropriate filter but no other Kingston device will When creating a USB filter using usbfilter add you must supply three or four mandatory para meters The index specifies the position in the list at which the filter should be placed If there is already a filter at that position then it and the following ones will be shifted back one place Other wise the new filt
175. rd disk ir respective of the snapshot all it takes is to shut down your VM and the virus infection will be dis carded With a write through image however you cannot easily undo the virus infection by means of virtualization but will have to disinfect your virtual machine like a real computer Still you might find write though images useful if you want to preserve critical data irrespective of snapshots and since you can attach more than one VDI to a VM you may want to have one immut able for the operating system and one write through for your data files 5 2 2 iSCSI servers iSCSI stands for Internet SCSI and is a standard that allows for using the scsi protocol over In ternet TCP IP connections Especially with the advent of Gigabit Ethernet it has become afford able to attach iSCSI storage servers simply as remote hard disks to a computer network In iSCSI terminology the server providing storage resources is called an iSCSI target while the client con necting to the server and accessing its resources is called iSCSI initiator VirtualBox is unique on the virtualization market in that it can transparently present iSCSI remote storage to a virtual machine as a virtual hard disk The guest operating system will not see any dif ference between a virtual disk image VDI file and an iSCSI target To achieve this VirtualBox has an integrated iSCSI initiator VirtualBox s iSCSI support has been developed according to the iSCS
176. rd or removable disks attached It is advisable to place the definition file in the machines folder before registering it Note When creating a new virtual machine with vBoxManage createvm see below you can directly specify the register option to avoid having to register it separately The unregistervm command unregisters a virtual machine If delete is also specified then the XML definition file will be deleted 7 4 VBoxManage createvm This command creates a new XML virtual machine definition file The name name parameter is required and must specify the name of the machine Since this name is used by default as the file name of the settings file with the extension xm1 and the ma chine folder a subfolder of the virtualBox Machines folder it must conform to your host op erating system s requirements for file name specifications If the VM is later renamed the file and folder names will change automatically However if the basefolder path and the settingsfile filename options are used the XML definition file will be given the name ilename and the machine folder will be named path In this case the names of the file and the folder will not change if the virtual machine is re named By default this command only creates the XML file without automatically registering the VM with your VirtualBox installation To register the VM instantly use the optional register option or run VBoxManage registerv
177. re only accessible from the user account they are running under VBoxSVC owns the VirtualBox configuration database which normally resides in VirtualBox and while it is running the configuration files are locked Communication between the various VirtualBox components and VBoxSVC is performed through a local domain socket residing in tmp vbox username ipc In case there are communication problems i e a VirtualBox application cannot communicate with VBoxSVC terminate the daemons and remove the local domain socket directory 10 4 6 USB not working If USB is not working on your Linux host make sure that the current user has permission to access the USB filesystem usbfs which VirtualBox relies on to retrieve valid information about your host s USB devices As usbfs is a virtual filesystem a chmod on proc bus usb has no effect The permissions for usbfs can therefore only be changed by editing the etc fstab file For example most Linux distributions have a user group called usb or similar of which the current user must be a member To give all users of that group access to usbfs make sure the following line is present 85 is the USB group none proc bus usb usbfs devgid 85 devmode 664 0 0 Replace 85 with the group ID that matches your system search etc group for usb or similar Alternatively if you don t mind the security hole give all users access to USB by changing 664 to 666 The various distributions
178. ree 12 3 1 Starting the graphical user interface esee 12 3 2 Creating a virtual machine sssssessessee eee eem eee 13 3 3 Basics of virtual machine configuration essee 15 3 4 Running a virtual machine saes nieodm ee ee eee 17 3 4 1 Keyboard and mouse support in virtual machines ssssss 17 3 4 2 Changing removable media sese 19 3 4 3 Saving the state of the machine essssA 19 3 AAs Snapshots een ere Euer err E ORE ea 20 3 5 The Virtual Disk Manager sss eI emm enm ere 20 3 6 Deleting virtual machines eee i fe tees en Ere en 22 4 The VirtualBox Guest Additions esses HH mener 23 4T Introduction s as oU a CE e toe ep 23 4 2 Windows Guest Additions ese n neesan eao E e E Hee 23 4 2 1 Installing the Windows Guest Additions esee 24 4 2 2 Updating the Windows Guest Additions eese 24 4 2 3 Unattended Installation esee 25 4 3 Linux Guest Additions erro rte toto er seeds Ere re e EU Pete hin 25 4 3 1 Installing the Linux Guest Additions eese 25 4 3 2 Video acceleration and high resolution graphics modes 26 4 3 3 Updating the Linux Guest Additions esee 26 5 Configuring virtual machines itera ee opere as re Rot SERIE PESEE ten 27 5 1 Virtual machine
179. ribution notices from the Source form of the Work excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works and d If the Work includes a NOTICE text file as part of its distribution then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works in at least one of the following places within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works within the Source form or documentation if provided along with the Derivative Works or within a display generated by the Derivative Works if and wherever such third party notices normally appear The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use reproduction or distribution of Your modifications or for any such Derivative Works as a whole provided Your use reproduction and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this L
180. rk address translation nat a host interface hostif or communicate with other virtual machines using internal networking intnet These options correspond to the modes which are described in detail in Section 5 3 Networking in virtual machines nictype 1 N Am79C970A Am79C973 This allows you for each of the VM s virtual net work cards to specify whether the host will see the network adaptors as 10 Mbps AMD PCnet 79C970A cards or as 100Mbps 79C973 cards This is in fact purely cosmetic as both virtual cards run at full speed cableconnected 1 N on off This allows you to temporarily disconnect a virtual net work interface as if a network cable had been pulled from a real network card This might be useful for resetting certain software components in the VM With the nictrace options you can optionally trace network traffic for debugging purposes With nictrace 1 N onloff you can enable network tracing for a particular virtual network card If enabled you must specify with nictracefile 1 N filename what file the trace should be logged to hostifdev 1 N none lt devicename gt If host interface networking has been enabled for a virtual network card see the nic option above otherwise this setting has no effect use this option to specify which host interface the given virtual network interface will use For Windows hosts this should be the name of a VirtualBox host interface which you have cre
181. rm with Netscapes SSL This library is free for commercial and non commercial use as long as the following conditions are aheared to The following conditions apply to all code found in this distribution be it the RC4 RSA lhash DES etc code not just the SSL code The SSL documentation included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms except that the holder is Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com Copyright remains Eric Young s and as such any Copyright notices in the code are not to be removed If this package is used in a product Eric Young should be given attribution as the author of the parts of the library used This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or in documentation online or textual provided with the package Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement This product includes cryptographic software written by ric Young eay cryptsoft
182. ry is not restricted and output from such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Library independent of the use of the Library in a tool for writing it Whether that is true depends on what the Library does and what the program that uses the Library does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library s complete source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and distribute a copy of this License along with the Library You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Library and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a The modified work must itself be a software library b You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change c You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License If a facility in the modified Library r
183. s 10 4 1 Linux kernel module refuses to load If the VirtualBox kernel module vboxdrv refuses to load i e you get an Error inserting vboxdrv Invalid argument check as root the output of the dmesg command In 90 of all cases this will exhibit a problem with Linux 2 6 19 and higher and the message will be NMI watchdog active refused to load the kernel module Please disable the NMI watchdog by specifying nmi_watchdog 0 at kernel command line Add this option to your grub configuration reboot and the module should load 67 10 4 2 10 4 3 10 4 4 DVD Troubleshooting Linux host s CD DVD drive not found If you have configured a virtual machine to use the host s CD DVD drive but this does not appear to work make sure that the current user has permission to access the corresponding Linux device file usually dev cdrom or similar On most distributions the user must be added to a corresponding group usually called cdrom or cdrw Also if your CD DVD device has a different name VirtualBox may be unable to find it On Linux hosts VirtualBox performs the following steps to locate your CD DVD drives 1 VirtualBox examines if the environment variable VBOX_CDROM is defined see below If so VirtualBox omits all the following checks 2 VirtualBox tests if dev cdrom works 3 In addition VirtualBox checks if any CD DVD drives are currently mounted by checking etc mtab 4 In addition V
184. s a single product In such a case You must make sure the requirements of this License are fulfilled for the Covered Cod Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this License with respect to some or all of the Covered Code due to statute judicial order or regulation then You must a comply with the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible and b describe the limitations and the code they affect Such description must be included in the LEGAL file described in Section 3 4 and must be included with all distributions of the Source Code Except to the extent prohibited by statute or regulation such description must be sufficiently detailed for a recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it Application of this License This License applies to code to which the Initial Developer has attached the notice in Exhibit A and to related Covered Cod Versions of the License 6 1 New Versions Netscape Communications Corporation Netscape may publish revised and or new versions of the License from time to time Each version will be given a distinguishing version number 6 2 Effect of New Versions Once Covered Code has been published under a particular version of the License You may always continue to use it under the terms of that version You may also choose to use such Covered Code under the terms o
185. s are not avail able yet OpenBSD Versions 3 7 and 3 8 are supported Guest Addi tions are not available yet Remarks 1 With Windows NT 4 0 there are some issues with older service packs We recommend to in stall service pack 6a 2 For Linux 2 6 we strongly recommend using version 2 6 13 or higher for better performance However version 2 6 18 and some 2 6 17 versions introduced a race condition that can cause boot crashes in VirtualBox if you must use a kernel gt 2 6 17 we advise to use 2 6 19 or later Chapter 2 Installation As installation of VirtualBox varies depending on your host operating system we provide installa tion instructions in two separate chapters for Windows and Linux respectively 2 1 Installing on Windows hosts 2 1 1 Prerequisites For the various versions of Windows that we support as host operating systems please refer to Sec tion 1 3 1 Supported host operating systems In addition Windows Installer 1 1 or higher must be present on your system This should be the case if you have all recent Windows updates installed Note Presently VirtualBox can only be run from user accounts with administrator rights This will be fixed in a future release 2 1 2 Performing the installation The VirtualBox installation can be started either by double clicking on its Microsoft Installer archive MSI file orbyentering msiexec i VirtualBox msi on the command line
186. sbfs file system There fore the user executing VirtualBox needs read and write permission to the USB file system Most distributions provide a group e g usbusers which the VirtualBox user needs to be added to Also VirtualBox can only proxy to virtual machines USB devices which are not claimed by a Linux host USB driver Please refer to the driver entry in proc bus usb devices to see which devices are claimed 31 Configuring virtual machines 5 2 Storage in virtual machines 5 2 1 Virtual Disk Image VDI files VirtualBox implements a custom container format for guest hard disks Virtual Disk Image VDI files The VDI files reside on the host system and are seen by the guest systems as hard disks of a certain geometry When creating an image its size has to be specified which determines this fixed geo metry It is therefore not possible to change the size of the virtual hard disk later As briefly mentioned in Section 3 2 Creating a virtual machine there are two options of how to create the image fixed size or dynamically expanding If you create a fixed size image of e g 10 GB a VDI file of roughly the same size will be cre ated immediately on your host system For more flexible storage management use a dynamically expanding image This will initially be very small and not occupy any space for unused virtual disk sectors but the image file will grow every time a disk sector is written to for the first t
187. se MPL sess 93 A27 Shrp license 2 oe Hare US dod nt 100 A 2 8 libIzf license eee wan et gee ese ae ek obe eunte 100 A 2 9 GNU General Public License GPL ssessseseeee 100 e c PEE 105 vi Chapter 1 Introduction InnoTek VirtualBox is a family of virtual machine products targeting desktop computers enterprise servers and embedded systems Due to its modular architecture VirtualBox can be deployed in any environment where x86 systems are to be virtualized on x86 systems With x86 we are referring to 32 bit CPUs from AMD and Intel as well as compatible CPUs from other vendors plus 64 bit CPUs in 32 bit mode 1 1 Virtualization basics VirtualBox allows you to run unmodified operating systems including all of the software that is installed on them directly in a special environment on top of your existing operating system This environment called a virtual machine is created by the virtualization software The physical com puter is then usually called the host while the virtual machine is often called a guest The following image shows you how VirtualBox on a Linux host is running Windows Vista as guest operating system in a virtual machine displayed in a window on the host f Windows XP IEj Saved BONA C 8 contro 8 4 VirtualBox allows most of the guest code to run unmodified directly on the host computer and the guest operating system
188. section of the X server configuration file VirtualBox will accept any modes acceptable to X with a vertical refresh of at least 1 Hz a horizontal refresh of at least 1 kHz and a horizontal resolution which is a multiple of eight An example of a mode line for a 5120x1024 graphics mode would be ModeLine 5120x1024 25 5120 5121 5122 5123 1024 1025 1026 1027 4 3 3 Updating the Linux Guest Additions The Guest Additions can simply be updated by going through the installation procedure again with an updated CD ROM image This will replace the drivers with updated versions You should reboot after updating the Guest Additions 26 Chapter 5 Configuring virtual machines 5 1 Virtual machine settings Below we describe the various settings that are available for each VM Most of these settings are available in the settings window after selecting a virtual machine in the VirtualBox main window and clicking on the Settings button To keep the user interface simple those of the following settings which are not as commonly used are not shown in that settings win dow They are however available through VBoxManage and will be described in Chapter 7 VBox Manage reference later 5 1 1 General settings In the Settings window under General you can configure the most fundamental aspects of the vir tual machine such as memory and essential hardware The following settings are available Name The name under which the VM is shown in
189. sible use of a certain library so that it becomes a de facto standard To achieve this non free programs must be allowed to use the library A more frequent case is that a free library does the same job as widely used non fr libraries In this case there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free software only so we use the Lesser General Public License In other cases permission to use a particular library in non free programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free software For example permission to use the GNU C Library in non free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system as well as its variant the GNU Linux operating system Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the users freedom it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program using a modified version of the Library The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow Pay close attention to the difference between a work based on the library and a work that uses the library The former contains code derived from the library whereas the latter must be combined with the library in order to run 85 3rd party licenses GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
190. ss VRDP server If the above front ends still do not satisfy your particular needs it is relatively painless to create yet another front end to the complex virtualization engine that is the core of VirtualBox as the Virtual Box core neatly exposes all of its features in a clean COM XPCOM API 6 2 Using VBoxManage to control virtual machines This section will give you a brief introduction to VBoxManage and how you can use it to create and operate virtual machines In essence VBoxManage supports everything that our graphical user interface allows you to do with the click of a button VBoxManage supports a lot more than that however It exposes really all the features of the virtualization engine even those that cannot yet be accessed from the GUI You will need to use the command line if you want to use a different user interface than the main GUI for example VBoxSDL or the headless VBoxVRDP server enable VRDP support for a VM control some of the more advanced and experimental configuration settings for a VM 41 Alternative front ends remote virtual ma chines There are two main things to keep in mind when using VBoxManage First VBoxManage must al ways be used with a specific subcommand such as list vms or createvm or startvm All the subcommands that VBoxManage supports are described in detail in Chapter 7 VBoxManage refer ence Second most of these subcommands require that you specify
191. stance if you specify only a vendor ID of 046d all devices produced by Logitech will be available to the guest If you fill in all fields on the other hand the filter will only apply to a particular device model from a particular vendor and not even to other devices of the same type with a different revision and serial number In detail the following criteria are available 1 Vendor and product ID With USB each vendor of USB products carries an identification number that is unique world wide the vendor ID Similarly each line of products is assigned a product ID number Both numbers are commonly written in hexadecimal that is they are composed of the numbers 0 9 and the letters A F and a colon separates the vendor from the product ID For example 046d c016 stands for Logitech as a vendor and the M UV69a Op tical Wheel Mouse product Alternatively you can also specify Manufacturer and Product by name To list all the USB devices that are connected to your host machine with their respective vendor and product IDs you can use the following command see Chapter 7 VBoxManage ref erence VBoxManage list usbhost On Windows you can also see all USB devices that are attached to your system in the Device Manager On Linux you can use the 1susb command 2 Serial number While vendor and product ID are already quite specific to identify USB devices if you have two identical devices of the same brand and product line y
192. static TAP interface the VirtualBox process needs to have write access to dev net tun Either make sure the access bits allow access or add the user of the Virtu alBox process to the group owning that device file 5 3 3 2 2 Dynamically created TAP interfaces With this method VirtualBox will create a TAP device every time the VM is started and destroy the TAP device again when the VM is no longer running Note In order to create a dynamic TAP interface the VirtualBox process needs to have write ac cess to dev net tun Either make sure the access bits allow access or add the user of the VirtualBox process to the group owning that device file As with the static interfaces described previously the dynamically created TAP interfaces require a 37 Configuring virtual machines networking bridge and your Ethernet adapter in promiscous mode However as opposed to the con figuration for static devices bridging with dynamically created devices effectively consists of two components 1 There is one part that sets up an Ethernet bridge and puts your Ethernet controller in promiscu ous mode this needs to be performed only once after startup For a setup with etho and DH CP the following commands run as root will perform these steps sbin brctl addbr bro sbin ifconfig ethO 0 0 0 0 promisc sbin brctl addif brO ethO sbin dhclient bro 2 A second part must be run by VirtualBox every time the TAP interface is created an
193. sts the logon subsystem has to be configured to use the classical logon dialog as the VirtualBox GINA does not support the XP style welcome dialog 8 3 Custom external VRDP authentication As described in Section 6 4 4 RDP authentication VirtualBox supports arbitrary external mod ules to perform authentication with its VRDP servers When the authentication method is set to ex ternal for a particular VM VirtualBox calls the library that was specified with vBoxManage set property vrdpauthlibrary This library will be loaded by the VM process on demand i e when the first RDP connection is made by an external client External authentication is the most flexible as the external handler can both choose to grant access to everyone like the null authentication method would and delegate the request to the guest authen tication component When delegating the request to the guest component it will still be called after wards with the option to override the result A VRDP authentication library is required to implement exactly one entry point include VRDPAuth h Authentication library entry point Decides whether to allow a client connection Parameters pUuid Pointer to the UUID of the virtual machine which the client connected to guestJudgement Result of the guest authentication u szUser User name passed in by the client UTF8 szPassword Password passed in by the client UTF8 60
194. t will require at least a few hundred MB RAM to run properly and Win dows Vista will even refuse to install with less than 512 MB Of course if you want to run graphics intensive applications in your VM you may require even more RAM So as a rule of thumb if you have 1 GB of RAM or more in your host computer it is usually safe to allocate 512 MB to each VM But in any case make sure you always have at least 256 512 MB of RAM left on your host operating system Otherwise you may cause your host OS to excessively swap out memory to your hard disk effectively bringing your host system to a standstill As with the other settings you can change this setting later after you have created the VM Next you must specify a virtual hard disk for your VM There are several ways in which Vir tualBox can provide hard disk space to a VM but the most common way is to use a virtual disk image VDI file on your real hard disk whose contents VirtualBox presents to your VM as if it were a complete hard disk The wizard presents to you the following window Select a hard disk image to be used as a boot hard disk of the virtual machine You can either select an image from the drop down list create a new hard disk using the New button or invoke the Virtual Disk Manager dialog for more complex actions using the VDM button If you need a more complicated hard disk setup you can also skip this step and attach hard disks later using the VM Se
195. ted automatically as needed i e there is no central configuration Every internal network is identified simply by its name In order to attach a VM s network card to an in ternal network set its networking mode to Internal Networking using VBoxManage modifyvm VM name gt nic x intnet and specify a network name with the command vBoxManage modifyvm VM name intnet x network name If you do not specify a network name the network card will be attached to the network intnet by default You will also have to manually assign an IP address to the network adaptors Guests which need to communicate with one another should use IP addresses on the same subnet e g 192 168 2 1 and 192 168 2 2 Please note that you may have to deactivate guest firewalls in order to allow guests to communicate with each other See also Section 7 5 VBoxManage modifyvm Once there 1s more than one active virtual network card with the same internal network ID the Vir tualBox support driver will automatically wire the cards and act as a network switch The Virtual Box support driver implements a complete Ethernet switch and supports both broadcast multicast frames and promiscuous mode As a security measure the Linux implementation of Internal Networking only allows VMs running under the same user ID to establish an internal network For information on how to lift this restric tion contact InnoTek 5 4 Folder Sharing Shared Folders allow you to
196. ted on top of the guest s screen surface In order to address this problem a feature called Y off set has been implemented This takes the height of the secure label and provides custom video modes to the guest that are reduced by the height of the label so that guest height label height res ults in a valid native display resolution For Windows guests the VirtualBox Guest Additions auto matically provide the reduced video modes In addition to that the VESA BIOS has been adjusted to duplicate its standard mode table with adjusted resolutions The adjusted mode IDs can be calcu lated using the following formula reduced modeid modeid 0x30 61 Advanced Topics For example in order to start Linux with 1024 x 748 x 16 the standard mode 0x117 1024 x 768 x 16 is used as a base The Linux video mode kernel parameter can then be calculated using 0x200 0x117 0x30 839 vga vga The reason for duplicating the standard modes instead of only supplying the adjusted modes is that most guest operating systems require the standard VESA modes to be fixed and refuse to start with different modes When using the X org VESA driver custom modelines have to be calculated and added to the con figuration usually in etc X11 xorg conf A handy tool to determine modeline entries can be found at http www tkk fi Misc Electronics faq vga2rgb calc html 8 5 Custom VESA resolutions Apart from the standard VESA resolutions the V
197. tem s directory for temporary files called vbox lt username gt ipc In case of communication problems or server startup problems you may try to remove this directory All VirtualBox applications VirtualBox VBoxSDL VBoxManage and VBoxVRDP require the VirtualBox directory to be in the library path export LD_LIBRARY_PATH VBoxManage showvminfo Windows XP 11 Chapter 3 Starting out with VirtualBox As already mentioned in Section 1 1 Virtualization basics VirtualBox allows you to run each of your guest operating systems on its own virtual computer system The guest system will run in its virtual machine VM as if it were installed on a real computer according to the parameters of the virtual system you have created for it All software running on the guest system does so as it would on a real machine You have considerable latitude in deciding what virtual hardware will be provided to the guest The virtual hardware can be used for communicating with the host system or with other guests For in stance if you provide VirtualBox with the image of a CD ROM in an ISO file VirtualBox can present this image to a guest system as if it were a physical CD ROM Similarly you can give a guest system access to the real network via its virtual network card and if you choose give the host system other guests or computers on the internet access to the guest system VirtualBox comes with many advanced interfaces which will b
198. the required TAP devices and lets VirtualBox in herit the file handles For this to work the file descriptor has to be passed to the VirtualBox VM configuration using VBoxManage In this case the setup and termination scripts will not be called 5 3 4 Internal Networking Internal Networking is similar to Host Interface Networking in that the VM can directly communic ate with the outside world without the restrictions imposed by NAT However the outside world is limited to other VMs which connect to the same internal network Even though technically everything that can be done using Internal Networking can also be done using Host Interface Networking there are two good reasons why this extra mode was implemented 1 Security In Host Interface Networking mode all traffic goes through an interface of the host 38 Configuring virtual machines system It is therefore possible to attach a packet sniffer such as Ethereal to the host interface and log all traffic that goes over a given interface If for any reason you prefer two or more VMs on the same machine to communicate privately hiding their data from both the host sys tem and the user Host Interface Networking therefore is not an option 2 Speed Internal Networking is more efficient than Host Interface Networking as VirtualBox can directly transmit the data without having to send it through the host operating system s net working stack Internal networks are crea
199. these two things a Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library uncombined with any other library facilities This must be distributed under the terms of the Sections above 88 3rd party licenses b Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact that part of it is a work based on the Library and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work 8 You may not copy modify sublicense link with or distribute the Library except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense link with or distribute the Library is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 9 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Library or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Library or any work based on the Library you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Library or works based on it 10 Each time you redistribute the Library or an
200. thinks it s running on real machine In the background however Virtual Box intercepts certain operations that the guest performs to make sure that the guest can cooperate with other programs on the host The techniques and features that VirtualBox provides are useful for several scenarios Operating system support With VirtualBox one can run software written for one operating system on another say Windows software on Linux without having to reboot You can even install in a virtual machine an old operating system such as DOS or OS 2 if your real computer s hardware is no longer supported Infrastructure consolidation The full performance provided by today s powerful hardware is only rarely really needed and typical servers have an average load of only a fraction of their the oretical power So instead of running many such physical computers that are only partially used one can pack many virtual machines onto a few powerful hosts and balance the loads between them This can save a lot of hardware expenses VirtualBox is unique in the virtualization market in that it can run virtual machines as mere serv ers for the Remote Desktop Protocol RDP with full client USB support This allows for con solidating the desktop machines in an enterprise on just a few RDP servers while the actual cli ents will only have to be able to display RDP data any more Introduction Testing and disaster recovery Once installed a virtual
201. tion when installing an operating system from an ISO file that you have obtained from the Internet For example most Linux distributions are available in this way All these settings can be changed while the guest is running Since the Settings dialog is not avail able at that time you can also access these settings from the Devices menu of your virtual ma chine window Note The identification string of the drive provided to the guest which is displayed by some configuration tools such as the Windows Device Manager is always VBOX CD ROM irrespective of the current configuration of the virtual drive This is to prevent hardware de tection from being triggered in the guest operating system every time the configuration is changed Using the host drive normally provides a read only drive to the guest As an experimental feature which currently works for data only audio is not supported it is possible to give the guest access to the CD DVD writing features of the host drive if available VBoxManage modifyvm vmname dvdpassthrough on 29 Configuring virtual machines See also Section 7 5 VBoxManage modifyvm 5 1 4 Audio settings The Audio section in a virtual machine s Settings window determines whether the VM will see a sound card connected and whether the audio output should be heard on the host system If audio is enabled for a guest VirtualBox simulates an Intel AC 97 controller for the virtual ma
202. to will affect the virtual hard drives that are connected to your VM as the entire state of the virtual hard drive will be reverted as well This means also that all files that have been created since the snapshot and all other file changes will be lost In order to prevent such data loss while still making use of the snapshot feature it is pos sible to add a second hard drive in write through mode using the vBoxManage interface and use it to store your data As write through hard drives are not included in snapshots they remain unaltered when a machine is reverted See Section 5 2 Storage in virtual ma chines for details 3 5 The Virtual Disk Manager 20 Starting out with VirtualBox VirtualBox keeps an internal registry of all available hard disk CD DVD ROM and floppy disk im ages This registry can be viewed and changed in the Virtual Disk Manager which you can access from the File menu in the VirtualBox main window Actions a 2e e X New Add Remove Release Refresh 2 Hard Disks CD DVD Images B Floppy Images we Name Virtual Size Actual Size target 0 00B 0 00B Ubuntu 6 10 7 81GB 2 55 GB 2 Windows Vista 2 vdi 65387925 2e94 49ab 86c0 616108ce097f vdi media inno usb reiser projects virtualBox vdis Ubuntu 6 10 Disktype Normal Storage type Virtual Disk Image 6e47ae2b1 f7e2 4ccc 848e 32755ffdfSdc vdi lattached to Ubuntu 6 10 Location media inno usb reiser pr
203. tract or otherwise unless required by applicable law such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts or agreed to in writing shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages including any direct indirect special incidental or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill work stoppage computer failure or malfunction or any and all other commercial damages or losses even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability While redistributing 92 3rd party licenses the Work or Derivative Works thereof You may choose to offer and charge a fee for acceptance of support warranty indemnity or other liability obligations and or rights consistent with this License However in accepting such obligations You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility not on behalf of any other Contributor and only if You agree to indemnify defend and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by or claims asserted against such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS A 2 5 OpenSSL license This package is an SSL implementation written by Eric Young eay cryptsoft com The implementation was written so as to confo
204. ttings dialog The recommended size of the boot hard disk is 2000 MB Boot Hard Disk Primary Master anus ccc The wizard allows you to create a new virtual hard disk file for the virtual primary hard disk or use an existing one Note also that the disk images can be separated from a particular VM so even if you delete a VM you can keep the VDI file or copy it to another host and create a new VM for it there In the wizard you have the following options e If you have previously created any virtual hard disks which have not been attached to other virtual machines you can select those from the drop down list in the wizard window e Otherwise to create a new virtual hard disk press the New button 14 Starting out with VirtualBox e Finally for more complicated operations with virtual disks the Manage button will bring up the Virtual Disk Manager which is described in more detail in Section 3 5 The Virtual Disk Manager Most probably if you are using VirtualBox for the first time you will want to create a new disk image Hence press the New button This brings up another window the Create New Virtual Disk Wizard VirtualBox supports two types of VDI files A dynamically expanding file will only grow in size when the guest actually stores data on its virtual hard disk It will therefore initially be small on the host hard drive and only late
205. tualBox can run any x86 operating system DOS Windows OS 2 FreeBSD OpenBSD but to achieve near native performance of the guest code on your machine we had to go through a lot of optimizations that are specific to cer tain operating systems So while your favorite operating system may run as a guest we officially support and optimize for a se lect few which however include the most common ones See Section 1 3 2 Supported guest operating systems for fur ther information Virtual machine VM When running a VM is the special environment that VirtualBox creates for your guest operating system So in other words you run your guest operating system in a VM Normally a VM will be shown as a window on your computer s desktop but de pending on which of the various frontends of VirtualBox you use it can be displayed in full screen mode or remotely by use of the Remote Desktop Protocol RDP With VirtualBox we also use the term virtual machine in a more abstract way VirtualBox internally thinks of a VM as a set of parameters that determine its operation These settings can be seen in the VirtualBox graphical user interface and via the VBoxManage program see Chapter 7 VBoxManage reference They include hardware settings how much memory the VM should have what hard disks VirtualBox should virtualize through which container files what CD ROMs are mounted etc as well as state information whether the VM is currently
206. ual network interfaces on Windows hosts See Section 5 3 3 1 Bridging on Windows hosts for details 7 17 VBoxManage getextradata setextradata These commands let you attach and retrieve string data to a virtual machine or to a VirtualBox con figuration by specifying global instead of a virtual machine name You must specify a key as a text string to associate the data with which you can later use to retrieve it For example VBoxManage setextradata Fedora5 installdate 2006 01 01 VBoxManage setextradata SUSE10 installdate 2006 02 02 would associate the string 2006 01 01 with the key installdate for the virtual machine Fedora5 and 2006 02 02 on the machine SUSE10 You could retrieve the information as follows VBoxManage getextradata Fedora5 installdate which would return VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 1 2 1 C 2005 2006 InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH All rights reserved Value 2006 01 01 7 18 VBoxManage setproperty This command is used to change global settings which affect the entire VirtualBox installation Some of these correspond to the settings in the Global settings dialog in the graphical user inter face The following properties are available vdifolder This specifies the default folder that is used to keep Virtual Disk Image VDI files machinefolder This specifies the default folder in which virtual machine defini tions are kept see Section 8 1 VirtualBox configu
207. ualization basics In general you can use the virtual machine much like you would use a real computer There are couple of points worth mentioning however 3 4 1 Keyboard and mouse support in virtual machines 3 4 1 1 Capturing and releasing keyboard and mouse Since the operating system in the virtual machine does not know that is not running on a real com puter it expects to have exclusive control over your keyboard and mouse This is however not the case since unless you are running the VM in full screen mode your VM needs to share keyboard and mouse with other applications and possibly other VMs on your host As a result initially after installing a host operating system and before you install the guest additions we will explain this in a minute only one of the two your VM or the rest of your computer can own the keyboard and the mouse You will see a second mouse pointer which will always be confined to the limits of the VM window Basically you activate the VM by clicking inside it To return ownership of keyboard and mouse to your host operating system VirtualBox reserves a special key on your keyboard for itself the host key By default this is the right Control key on your keyboard but you can change this default in the VirtualBox Global Settings In any case the current setting for the host key is always displayed at the bottom right of your VM window should you have forgotten about it In detail
208. uld present a security risk as the guest operating system might fool the user into thinking that it is either a different system which might have a higher security level or it might present messages on the screen that appear to stem from the host operating system In order to protect the user against the abovementioned security risks the secure labeling feature has been developed Secure labeling is currently available only for VBoxSDL When enabled a portion of the display area is reserved for a label in which a user defined message is displayed The label height in set to 20 pixels in VBoxSDL The label font color and background color can be optionally set as hexadecimal RBG color values The following syntax is used to enable secure labeling VBoxSDL securelabel seclabelfnt fonts arial ttf seclabelsiz 14 Windows XP seclabelfbcol 00FF00 seclabelbgcol OOFFFF In addition to enabling secure labeling a TrueType font has to be supplied Typically full screen resolutions are limited to certain standard geometries such as 1024 x 768 Adding the secure label with a height of 20 pixels would therefore require the resolution to be 1024 x 788 which is either not possible for results in suboptimal display quality In most cases VBoxSDL would chose the next higher resolution e g 1280 x 1024 and the guest s screen would not cover the whole display surface If VBoxSDL is unable to choose a higher resolution the secure label will be pain
209. und in the Original Code Source Code for Your Modifications A 2 7 Slirp license Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgment This product includes software developed by Danny Gasparovski HIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES NCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ERCHANTABILITY ND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL ANNY GASPAROVSKI OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT NCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT O LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE ATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY H I H
210. usage e VRDP added support for pointer shapes and remote pointer cache e GUI added support for pointer shapes e Windows Additions added support for high resolution video modes including multi screen modes 2 3 and 4 screens e VBoxManage added new command line tool to automate simple administration tasks without having to write application code 11 20 Version 1 0 38 2005 04 27 e GUI fixed creation of disk images larger than 4GB e GUI added network and audio configuration panels e GUI several keyboard issues fixed e VBoxSDL fixed tunfd handling and added tundev Linux host e IDE significant performance improvements in DMA modes e Video VRAM size is now configurable 1MB 128MB default 4MB 81 ChangeLog e VMM fixed several crashes and hangs while installing certain builds of Windows 2000 and XP e VMM allow guests to have more than 512MB of RAM e VMM resolved compatibility issues with SMP systems Windows Host e VRDP process cleanup on Linux fixed e Linux module fixed build error on Red Hat 2 4 21 15 EL e NT Additions fixed installation and a trap e Win2k XP Additions fixed installation 11 21 Version 1 0 37 2005 04 12 Initial build with changelog 82 Appendix A 3rd party licenses InnoTek VirtualBox incorporates materials from several Open Source software projects Therefore the use of these materials by VirtualBox is governed by different Open Source licenses This docu
211. utions e RDP fixed sporadic disconnects with MS RDP clients e iSCSI improved behavior when pausing a VM with iSCSI connections e iSCSI improved read timeout handling 11 3 Version 1 3 4 2007 02 12 e General fixed unresolved symbol issue on Windows 2000 hosts e General added warnings at VirtualBox startup when there is no valid Linux kernel module e General fixed problem with unrecognized host CDROM DVD drives on Linux General fixed compatibility issue with SELinux e GUI improved USB user interface easier filter definitions menu to directly attach specific devices e GUI added VM settings options for VRDP e GUI fixed GDI handle leak on Windows hosts e GUI worked around issue in the Metacity window manager GNOME leading to unmovable VM windows e GUI show an information dialog before entering fullscreen mode about how to get back 71 ChangeLog GUI several fixes and improvements VMM fixed occasional crashes when shutting down a Windows guest VMM fixed crash while loading Xorg on openSUSE 10 2 VMM fixed problems with OpenBSD 3 9 and 4 0 VMM fixed crash while loading XFree86 in SUSE 9 1 VMM fixed Debian 3 1 Sarge installation problem network failure VMM fixed crash during SUSE 10 2 installation VMM fixed crash during Ubuntu 7 04 RC boot VMM fixed crash during ThinClientOS Linux 2 4 33 bootup ATA IDE pause VM when host disk is full and display message ATA IDE fixed incompatibility with
212. utton in the main VirtualBox window lets you remove a virtual machine which you no longer need All settings for that machine will be lost However any hard disk images attached to the machine will be kept you can delete those separately using the Disk Image Manager described just above You cannot delete a machine which has snapshots or is in a saved state so you must discard these first 22 Chapter 4 The VirtualBox Guest Additions The previous chapter covered getting started with VirtualBox and installing operating systems For any serious and interactive use the VirtualBox Guest Additions will make your life much easier by providing closer integration between host and guest and improving the interactive performance of guest systems 4 1 Introduction As said in Section 1 1 Virtualization basics the Guest Additions are designed to be installed in side a virtual machine They consist of device drivers and system applications for the guest operat ing system that optimize the guest for better performance and usability To install these additions you simply provide a special ISO file that comes with VirtualBox as a virtual CD ROM to your guest operating system and install from there VirtualBox presently provides Guest Additions for Windows and Linux guests if you need support for other operating systems please contact InnoTek Our Guest Additions offer the following features 1 Mouse pointer integration To over
213. vided the appropriate decompression or de archiving software is widely available for no charge 1 12 You or Your means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under and complying with all of the terms of this License or a future version of this License issued under Section 6 1 For legal entities You includes any entity which controls is controlled by or is under common control with You For purposes of this definition control means a the power direct or indirect to cause the direction or management of such entity whether by contract or otherwise or b ownership of more than fifty percent 50 of the outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such entity 94 3rd party licenses 2 Source Code Licens 2 1 The Initial Developer Grant The Initial Developer hereby grants You a world wide royalty free non exclusive license subject to third party intellectual property claims 225 a under intellectual property rights other than patent or trademark Licensable by Initial Developer to use reproduce modify display perform sublicense and distribute the Original Code or portions thereof with or without Modifications and or as part of a Larger Work and b under Patents Claims infringed by the making using or selling of Original Code to make have made use practice Sell and offer for sale and or otherwise dispose of the Original Code or port
214. virtual CD DVD drive For each of these three spe cify either the UUID or a filename of a virtual disk that you have either registered with vBoxManage registerimage see Section 7 10 VBoxManage re gisterimage unregisterimage e or created using VBoxManage createvdi with the register option see Section 7 12 VBoxManage createvdi 52 VBoxManage reference e alternatively specify the UUID of an iSCSI target that you have registered with vBoxMan age addiscsidisk see Section 7 15 VBoxManage addiscsidisk dvd none uuid filename host drive This specifies what VirtualBox should provide to the VM as the virtual CD DVD drive specify either the UUID or the filename of an image file that you have registered with vBoxManage registerimage see Section 7 10 VBoxManage registerimage unregisterimage Alternatively specify host with the drive specification of your host s drive dvdpassthrough on off With this you can enable DVD writing support currently experi mental see Section 5 1 3 CD DVD ROM and floppy settings floppy disabled empty lt uuid gt lt filename gt host lt drive gt This is the floppy equi valent to the dvd option described above nic 1 N none null nat hostif intnet With this you can set for each of the VM s virtual network cards what type of networking should be available They can be not present none not connected to the host null use netwo
215. virtual machine s Settings window allows you to configure VirtualBox s sophisticated USB support VirtualBox can allow virtual machines to access the USB devices on your host directly To achieve this VirtualBox presents to the guest operating system a virtual USB controller As soon as the guest system starts using a USB device it will appear as unavailable on the host Note Be careful with USB devices that are currently in use on the host For example if you al low your guest to connect to your USB hard disk that is currently mounted on the host when the guest is activated it will be disconnected from the without a proper shutdown This may cause data loss In addition to allowing a guest access to your local USB devices VirtualBox even allows your guests to connect to remote USB devices by use of the VRDP protocol For details about this see Section 6 4 3 Remote USB In the Settings dialog you can first configure whether USB is available in the guest at all If so you can determine in detail which devices are available For this you must create so called filters by specifying certain properties of the USB device Clicking on the button to the right of the USB Device Filters window creates a new filter 30 Configuring virtual machines You can give the filter a name for referencing it later and specify the filter criteria The more cri teria you specify the more precisely devices will be selected For in
216. way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have mad generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License 8 If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces th original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such
217. wing screenshot VBoxSDL does indeed only provide a simple window that contains only the pure virtual machine without menus or other controls to click upon and no additional indicators of virtual machine activity bash 17 44 To start a virtual machine with VBoxSDL instead of the VirtualBox GUI enter the following on a command line VBoxSDL vm lt vm gt where lt vm gt is as usual with VirtualBox command line parameters the name or UUID of an exist ing virtual machine 6 4 Remote Desktop Support VRDP VirtualBox the graphical user interface has a built in server for the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Protocol VRDP This allows you to see the output of a virtual machine s window remotely on any other computer and control the virtual machine from there as if it was running on the remote ma chine VRDP is a backwards compatible extension to Microsoft s Remote Desktop Protocol RDP Typic ally graphics updates and audio are sent from the remote machine to the client while keyboard and mouse events are sent back With VirtualBox the graphical user interface the VRDP server is disabled by default but can easily be enabled on a per VM basis with VBoxManage VBoxManage modifyvm lt vmname gt vrdp on If you use VBoxVRDP described below VRDP support will automatically be enabled 43 Alternative front ends remote virtual ma chines Additional settings for modifyvm are vrdpport and vrdpauthtype see
218. y work based on the Library the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute link with or modify the Library subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License 11 If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Library at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Library by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Library If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to in

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