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HP 33120A User's Guide

1. You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 77 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Carrier Frequency e Carrier frequency 10 mHz to 15 MHz 100 kHz for triangle and ramp The default is 1 kHz e For arbitrary waveforms the maximum carrier frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform The five built in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz Number of Arb Points Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency 8 to 8 192 8k 10 mHz 5 MHz 8 193 to 12 287 12k 10 mHz 2 5 MHz 12 288 to 16 000 10 mHz 200 kHz e The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal to the peak frequency deviation If you attempt to set the carrier frequency to a value less than the deviation the function generator will auto matically adjust the carrier frequency to equal the present deviation From the front panel MIN VALUE is displayed and the carrier frequency is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the carrier frequency is adjusted e The sum of the carrier frequency and peak frequency deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function plus 100 kHz 15 1 MHz for sine and square 200 kHz for triangle and ramp and 5 1 MHz for arbitrary waveforms If you attempt to set the carrier frequency to a
2. 122 NOTE The power on state will be different if you have enabled the power down recall mode See Power Down Recall Mode on page 109 for more information Chapter 3 Features and Functions Power On and Reset State Power On and Reset State The parameters marked with a bullet e are stored in non volatile memory The factory settings are shown Output Configuration Function Frequency Amplitude into 50 ohms Offset Output Units Output Termination Modulation AM Carrier Waveform AM Modulating Waveform AM Depth FM Carrier Waveform FM Modulating Waveform Burst Carrier Frequency Burst Count Burst Rate Burst Starting Phase FSK Carrier Waveform FSK Hop Frequency FSK Rate Modulation State Sweep Time Sweep Mode System Related Operations e Power Down Recall Display Mode e Comma Separators Triggering Operations Trigger Source Input Output Configuration e HP IB Address e Interface e Baud Rate e Parity Calibration Calibration State FM Peak Frequency Deviation Sweep Start Stop Frequency Power On Reset State Sine wave 1 kHz 100 mV peak to peak 0 00 Vdc Volts peak to peak 50 ohms Power On Reset State 1 kHz Sine wave 100 Hz Sine wave 100 1 kHz Sine wave 10 Hz Sine wave 100 Hz 1 kHz Sine wave 1 cycle 100 Hz 0 degrees 1 kHz Sine wave 100 Hz Sine wave 10 Hz Off 100 Hz 1 kHz 1 second Linear Power On Reset State e Disabled On e On
3. To trigger a burst or sweep You can issue triggers from the front panel for burst modulation and frequency sweeps using single trigger or internal trigger HEWLETT 33120A ZB PACKARD 15 MHz FUNCTION ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATOR Internal Internal TRIG TRIG i ja i i i i i Ads Rat Tig AM p FM Ext FSK Burst Swi Enables single trigger and triggers the generator Enables internal trigger Trig annunciator is on when the generator is waiting for single trigger internal trigger disabled e Internal or automatic triggering is enabled when you turn on the function generator In this mode the function generator outputs continuously when burst modulation or sweep is selected e Single triggering outputs one burst or initiates one frequency sweep each time you press Single Continue pressing this key to re trigger the function generator e Pressing Single to enable the single trigger mode also enables the external trigger mode External triggering is like the single trigger mode except that you apply a trigger signal to the rear panel Ext Trig terminal The function generator is triggered on the rising edge of a TTL pulse e The Single key is disabled when in remote the Rmt annunciator turns on when in remote and when a function other than burst modulation or sweep is selected 51 Shift Menu On Off Enter Chapter 2 Front
4. CAL SEC STAT ON HP033120 120 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Overview To Change the Security Code To change the security code you must first unsecure the function generator and then enter a new code Be sure to read the security code rules on page 118 before changing the security code e Front Panel Operation To change the security code first make sure that the function generator is unsecured Select the PARAMETER level of the UNSECURED command enter the new security code and then press Enter Changing the code from the front panel also changes the code required from the remote interface e Remote Interface Operation CALibration SECure CODI E lt new code gt To change the security code first unsecure the function generator using the old security code Then enter the new code For example CAL SEC STAT OFF HP033120 Unsecure with old code CAL SEC CODE Z2Z002133 Enter new code Calibration Count You can determine the number of times that your function generator has been calibrated Your function generator was calibrated before it left the factory When you receive your function generator read the count to determine its initial value e The calibration count is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset e The calibration count increments up to a maximum of 32 767 after which it wr
5. Note Unless otherwise indicated this manual applies to all Serial Numbers The HP 33120A is a high performance 15 MHz synthesized function generator with built in arbitrary waveform capability Its combination of bench top and system features makes this function generator a versatile solution for your testing requirements now and in the future Convenient bench top features e 10 standard waveforms e Built in 12 bit 40 MSa s arbitrary waveform capability e Easy to use knob input e Highly visible vacuum fluorescent display e Instrument state storage e Portable ruggedized case with non skid feet Flexible system features e Four downloadable 16 000 point arbitrary waveform memories e HP IB IEEE 488 interface and RS 232 interface are standard e SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments compatibility e Ontionol HD 2498 A Panah phlArh Wanoform operation o HP 33120A Function Generator Arbitrary Waveform Generator The Front Panel at a Glance m FU AM FM FSK NCTION MODULATION Burst MENU On Ott Enter Sweep Arb List ea eel wee Nolse Arb Recall Menu HEWLETT 331 D 20A PACKARD 15 MHz FUNCTION ARBI RY WAVEFORM GENERATOR FUNCTION MODULATION MENU AM FM FSK Burst Sweep ArbList On Off A ayp Power K KE N fe aaa Arb eier
6. el Sad ls ie o AM FM Ls Freq Level Duty Internal Store Cancel Hz aot rrea ane oreo Single Peet Fa ee dBm SON ae 7 8 6 es Camber KJ Back Space L MODIFY J TRIG STATE LOCAL Recall Menu i i 1 l i i i i Leyes eles g jibes LJ ULIJTULI LJ Ld on AM FM Freq Level Duty I MHz ree aoe eae m Vpp m Vrms T MODIFY J J a dBm G Back Space Function Modulation keys Menu operation keys Waveform modify keys Single Internal Trigger key Burst and Sweep only kOND Recall Store instrument state key Enter Number key Shift Local key Enter Number units keys ONON Front Panel Number Entry You can enter numbers from the front panel using one of three methods Use the knob and the arrow keys to modify the displayed number Use the arrow keys to edit individual digits A Increments the flashing digit v Decrements the flashing digit gt Moves the flashing digit to the right lt Moves the flashing digit to the left Use the Enter Number mode to enter a number with the appropriate units MHz m Vpp kHz m Vrms Hz dBm UUOUU Back Space Use Enter for those operations that do not require units to be specified AM Level Offset Duty and Store Recall State The Front Panel Menu at a Glance The menu is organized in a top down tree structure w
7. is displayed if square wave is not currently active From the remote interface no error is generated but the specified duty cycle is remembered when you change to the square wave function e The duty cycle setting is remembered when you change from square wave to another function When you return to the square wave function the previous duty cycle is used 66 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration e Possible Conflict with Output Frequency The duty cycle is auto matically adjusted if you select a frequency that is not valid with the present duty cycle For example if you set the duty cycle to 70 and then change the frequency to 8 MHz the function generator will automatically adjust the duty cycle to 60 the upper limit for this frequency From the front panel DUTY LIMIT is displayed and the duty cycle is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the duty cycle is adjusted e Front Panel Operation To set the duty cycle press Shift Duty the value appears on the display for approximately 10 seconds Then use the knob arrow keys or Enter Number mode to set the duty cycle e Remote Interface Operation PULSe DCYCle lt percent gt MINimum MAXimum The APPLy command automatically sets the duty cycle to 50 for square waves 67 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration SYNC Signal A sync si
8. By now you should be familiar with some of the basic features of the front panel Chapter 1 shows you how to prepare the function generator for use and describes a few of the front panel features If you are not familiar with this information we recommend that you read chapter 1 Quick Start starting on page 13 Chapter 2 introduces you to the use of the front panel menu This chapter does not give a detailed description of every front panel key or menu operation It does however give you a good overview of the front panel menu and many front panel operations See chapter 3 Features and Functions starting on page 53 for a complete discussion of the function generator s capabilities and operation If you purchased the Phase Lock Option for the HP 33120A an additional menu G PHASE MENU is available from the front panel For information on using the Phase Lock Option refer to the User s and Service Guide included with Option 001 30 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation Front panel menu reference Front panel menu reference A MODulation MENU 1 AM SHAPE gt 2 AM SOURCE gt 3 FMSHAPE gt 4 BURST CNT gt 5 BURST RATE gt gt 6 BURST PHAS gt 7 BURST SRC gt 8 FSK FREQ gt 9 FSK RATE gt 10 FSK SRC _ SO MNDD EON AM SHAPE Selects the shape of the AM modulating waveform AM SOURCE Enables or disables the internal AM modulating source FM SHAPE Sele
9. Lv 19 Move down a level to save the waveform in non volatile memory At this point the pulse waveform is being output from volatile memory You can store up to four user defined waveforms in non volatile memory From the front panel you can save the waveform using one of the following names ARB1 ARB2 ARB3 or ARB4 ARB1 NEW Enter 20 Save the waveform and turn off the menu The function generator beeps and displays a message to show that the waveform is being saved You are then exited from the menu The waveform is now stored in non volatile memory and is output from the function generator The name that you used to store the waveform should appear in the waveform list press Arb List 107 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Arbitrary Waveforms Additional Information on Arbitrary Waveforms e Press the Arb key to output the arbitrary waveform currently selected to scroll through the waveform choices and make a selection press Arb List e In addition to creating a new arbitrary waveform from the front panel you can also edit any existing user defined waveforms You can edit waveforms created either from the front panel or from the remote interface However you cannot edit any of the five built in arbitrary waveforms Use the GET option under the NEW ARB command in the EDIT MENU to load an existing user defined waveform Then use the LINE EDIT POINT EDIT and INVERT commands
10. N To cancel the number mode press Shift Cancel Set the units to the desired value The units are selected using the arrow keys on the right side of the front panel As soon as you select the units the function generator outputs the waveform with the displayed frequency To turn off the flashing digit move the cursor to the left of the display using the arrow keys 1 200 000 0 MHz You can also use the knob and arrow keys to enter a number See Front Panel Number Entry on page 3 for more information 19 Ampl Enter Number 5 o Shift kHz m Vrms en 2 p Chapter 1 Quick Start To set the output amplitude To set the output amplitude At power on the function generator outputs a sine wave with an amplitude of 100 mV peak to peak into a 50Q termination The following steps show you how to change the amplitude to 50 mVrms Enable the amplitude modify mode The displayed amplitude is either the power on value or the previous amplitude selected When you change functions the same amplitude is used if the present value is valid for the new function 100 0 mVPP Enter the magnitude of the desired amplitude 1 Notice that the Num annunciator turns on and ENTER NUM flashes on the display indicating that the number mode is enabled 50 To cancel the number mode press Shift Cancel Set the units to the desired value
11. Recall Menu e To turn off the menu at any time without saving changes press Shift Cancel 33 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation A front panel menu tutorial Messages Displayed During Menu Use TOP OF MENU You pressed while on the MENUS level this is the top level of the menu and you cannot go any higher To turn off the menu press Shift Menu On Off To move across the choices on a level press lt or gt To move down a level press v MENUS You are on the MENUS level Press lt or gt to view the choices COMMANDS You are on the COMMANDS level Press lt or gt to view the command choices within the selected menu group PARAMETER You are on the PARAMETER level Press lt or gt to view and edit the parameter for the selected command MENU BOTTOM You pressed v while on the PARAMETER level this is the bottom level of the menu and you cannot go any lower To turn off the menu press Shift Menu On Off To move up a level press ENTERED The change made on the PARAMETER level is saved This is displayed after you press Enter Menu Enter to execute the command MIN VALUE The value you specified on the PARAMETER level is too small for the selected command The minimum value allowed is displayed for you to edi
12. The default is 1 kHz You can use sine square ramp triangle or arbitrary waveforms for the carrier waveform e For arbitrary waveforms the maximum carrier frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform The five built in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz Number of Arb Points Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency 8 to 8 192 8k 10 mHz 5 MHz 8 193 to 12 287 12k 10 mHz 2 5 MHz 12 288 to 16 000 10 mHz 200 kHz e For an externally controlled FSK waveform the carrier frequency is output when a low TTL level is applied to the FSK terminal The hop frequency is output when a high TTL level is applied e For FSK the sync signal is referenced to the FSK hop signal not the carrier A momentary TTL high pulse gt 200 ns is output on the transition to the hop frequency The signal is output from the front panel SYNC terminal e Front Panel Operation Press the Freq key and select any valid frequency for the selected function the present amplitude and offset voltage are used e Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset of the carrier with a single command 91 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation FSK Hop Frequency Hop frequency 10 mHz to 15 MHz 100 kHz f
13. rear panel Ext Trig terminal For this example you will output a three cycle sine wave You will not change the other parameters from their default settings internal burst source 0 degree starting phase and 100 Hz burst rate a 1 Select the function frequency and amplitude for the burst For bursts you can select sine square triangle ramp or arbitrary waveforms For this example select a 1 kHz sine wave with an output amplitude of 5 Vpp Shift Burst 2 Enable the burst mode Notice that the Burst annunciator turns on Shift 3 Use the menu to set the burst count lt Recall Menu After you enable the burst mode the recall menu key will automatically take you to the BURST CNT command in the MOD MENU 4 BURST CNT 47 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output a burst waveform Lv 4 Move down to the parameter level and set the count to 3 Notice that the Burst annunciator flashes indicating that the displayed parameter is for the burst mode For more information on editing numbers in the menu refer to Menu Example 3 earlier in this chapter A00003 CYC You can also select an infinite burst count Press the right or left arrow keys until the CYC units are flashing Then press the down arrow key to display INFINITE Enter 5 Save the change and turn off the menu The function generator beeps and displays a message
14. the amplitude of the carrier is varied by the amplitude of the modulating waveform For this example you will output an AM waveform with 80 modulation depth The carrier will be a 5 kHz sine wave and the modulating waveform will be a 200 Hz sine wave SEEE tet E eked Jisk AZ 1 Select the function frequency and amplitude of the carrier For the carrier waveform you can select a sine square triangle ramp or arbitrary waveform For this example select a 5 kHz sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp Shift AM 2 Select AM Notice that the AM annunciator turns on Shift 3 Use the menu to select the shape of the modulating waveform lt Recall Menu After you enable the AM function the recall menu key will automatically take you to the AM SHAPE command in the MOD MENU 1 AM SHAPE 41 Enter Shift Freq 6 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output a modulated waveform Move down a level and verify that SINE is selected For the modulating waveform you can select a sine square triangle ramp noise or arbitrary waveform For this example you will modulate the carrier with a sine waveform Notice that the AM annunciator flashes indicating that the displayed parameter is for AM SINE Save the change and turn off the menu The modulating waveform is now a sine waveform ENTERED Set the modula
15. FSK rate internal source 10 mHz to 50 kHz The default is 10 Hz e The FSK rate is ignored when the external source is selected e Front Panel Operation 9 FSK RATE MOD MENU e Remote Interface Operation FSKey INTernal RATE lt ratein Hz gt MINimum MAXimum FSK Source e FSK source Internal or External The default is Internal e When the internal source is selected the rate at which the output frequency shifts between the carrier frequency and hop frequency is determined by the FSK rate specified e When the external source is selected the output frequency is determined by the signal level on the rear panel FSK terminal When a low TTL level is present the carrier frequency is output When a high TTL level is present the hop frequency is output e The maximum external FSK rate is 1 MHz e The Ext annunciator turns on when the function generator is waiting for an external trigger signal e Front Panel Operation 10 FSK SRC MOD MENU e Remote Interface Operation FSKey SOURce INTernal EXTernal 93 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Frequency Sweep In the frequency sweep mode the function generator steps from the start frequency to the stop frequency at a sweep rate which you specify You can sweep up or down in frequency and with either linear or logarithmic spacing You can also configure the function generator to output a single sweep one
16. Functions Output Configuration Output Frequency As shown below the output frequency range depends on the function currently selected The default frequency is 1 kHz for all functions Function Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency Sine 100 Hz 15 MHz Square 100 wHz 15 MHz Triangle 100 pHz 100 kHz Ramp 100 pHz 100 kHz Built In Arbs 1 100 pHz 5 MHz 1 There are five built in arbitrary waveforms stored in non volatile memory sinc negative ramp exponential rise exponential fall and cardiac For arbitrary waveforms that you create and download to memory the maximum frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform As shown below the maximum output frequency decreases as you specify more points in the waveform The five built in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz Number of Arb Points 8 to 8 192 8k 8 193 to 12 287 12k 12 288 to 16 000 Minimum Frequency 100 Hz 100 pHz 100 Hz Maximum Frequency 5 MHz 2 5 MHz 200 kHz 57 Output Frequency continued Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Possible Conflict with Function Change The output frequency is automatically adjusted if you select a function whose maximum frequency is less than that of the currently active function For example if you output a 1 MHz sine wave and then change the function to triangle wave the function generator will adjust the output
17. RS 232 You can select the parity for RS 232 operation The function generator is configured for no parity and 8 data bits when shipped from the factory The parity can be set from the front panel only e Select one of the following None 8 data bits Even 7 data bits or Odd 7 data bits When you set the parity you are indirectly setting the number of data bits e The parity selection is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset e To download binary data for arbitrary waveforms over the RS 232 interface you must select 8 data bits with no parity e Front Panel Operation 4 PARITY I O MENU See also To set the parity on page 220 116 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Programming Language Query The function generator complies with the rules and conventions of the present version of SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments You can verify from the front panel that the SCPI language is selected The interface language can be queried from the front panel only e Front Panel Operation 5 LANGUAGE I O MENU SCPI Language Version Query You can determine the SCPI version with which the function generator is in compliance by sending a query from the remote interface The SCPI version can be queried from the remote interface only e Remote Interface Operation SYSTem VERSion Return
18. Remote Interface Operation CALibration SECure STATe OFF ON lt code gt To unsecure the function generator send the above command with the same code used to secure calibration For example CAL SEC STAT OFF HP033120 119 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Overview To Secure Against Calibration You can secure the function generator against accidental calibration either from the front panel or over the remote interface The function generator is secured when shipped from the factory and the security code is set to HP033120 Be sure to read the security code rules on page 118 before attempting to secure the function generator e Front Panel Operation 1 UNSECURED CAL MENU If the function generator is unsecured you will see the above command when you generator go to the command enter the A000000 CODE go into the CAL MENU To secure the function PARAMETER level of the UNSECURED security code and then press Enter When you go to the COMMANDS level in the CAL MENU again you will notice that the function generator is secured Notice also that the CALIBRATE command is now hidden and you cannot perform a calibration e Remote Interface Operation CALibration S FCure STATe OFF ON lt code gt To secure the function generator send the above command with the same code as used to unsecure calibration For example
19. The AM SHAPE command is your first choice on this level 1 AM SHAPE 3 Move across to the BURST CNT command on this level 1 There are ten command choices available in the MOD MENU 4 BURST CNT 1 You can also use the knob to scroll left or right through the choices on each level of the menu se 8 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation A front panel menu tutorial Lv 4 Move down a level to edit the BURST CNT parameter The number of cycles should be 1 when you come to this point in the menu for the first time For this example you will set the number of cycles to 4 Notice that the Burst annunciator flashes indicating that the displayed value is for the burst mode AQOO01 CYC When you see the flashing A on the left side of the display you can press a to abort the edit and return to the COMMANDS level lt 5 Move the flashing cursor over to edit the last digit Notice that the rightmost digit is flashing the digit wraps around 00001 CYC 1 aj lal lal 6 Increment the last digit until 4 is displayed You decrement or increment each digit independently 00004 CYC Enter 7 Save the change and turn off the menu The function generator beeps and displays a message to show that the change is now in effect You are then exited from the menu ENTERED 1 You can also use the knob or enter number mod
20. The units are selected using the arrow keys on the right side of the front panel As soon as you select the units the function generator outputs the waveform with the displayed amplitude To turn off the flashing digit move the cursor to the left of the display using the arrow keys 50 00 mVRMS You can also use the knob and arrow keys to enter a number See Front Panel Number Entry on page 3 for more information 20 Chapter 1 Quick Start To set a dc offset voltage To set a dc offset voltage At power on the function generator outputs a sine wave with a dc offset voltage of 0 volts into a 50Q termination The following steps show you how to change the offset to 1 5 mVdc Offset en Enable the offset modify mode The displayed offset voltage is either the power on value or the previous offset selected When you change functions the same offset is used if the present value is valid for the new function 0 000 VDC Enter Number 2 Enter the magnitude of the desired offset 1 4 LJ 5 Notice that the Num annunciator turns on and ENTER NUM flashes on the display indicating that the number mode is enabled Notice that toggles the displayed value between and D To cancel the number mode press Shift Cancel Shift 3 Set the units to the desired value Lv oe At this point the function generator outputs the waveform with
21. Used Not Used 81 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Modulation Burst Trigger Source In wi the triggered burst mode the function generator outputs a waveform th the specified number of cycles burst count each time a trigger is received After the specified number of cycles has been output the function generator waits for the next trigger while outputting no signal zero volts or the dc offset level At power on the internally triggered burst mode is enabled Trigger source Internal Single or External The default is Internal In the triggered burst mode the burst source is Internal When the internal trigger source is selected the frequency at which the burst is generated is determined by the burst rate parameter The burst rate frequency defines the interval between bursts Pressing Single to enable the single trigger mode also enables the external trigger mode External triggering is like the front panel single trigger mode except that you apply a trigger signal to the rear panel Ext Trig terminal The function generator is triggered on the rising edge of a TTL pulse The Trig annunciator turns on when the function generator is waiting for a single or external trigger When the single or external trigger source is selected the burst count and burst phase remain in effect but the burst rate is ignored When the external gate source is selected gated burst mode the specifi
22. by the function generator e Sweep time 1 ms to 500 seconds The default is 1 second e The function generator computes between 2 048 and 4 096 frequency points from the start frequency to the stop frequency e Front Panel Operation 3 SWP TIME SWP MENU e Remote Interface Operation SWEep TIME lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum Sweep Mode You can sweep with either linear or logarithmic spacing The output frequency of a linear sweep changes linearly during the duration of the sweep For logarithmic spacing the output frequency changes exponentially during the duration of the sweep e Sweep mode Linear or Logarithmic The default is Linear e Front Panel Operation 4 SWP MODE SWP MENU e Remote Interface Operation SWEep SPACing LINear LOGarithmic 96 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Sweep Trigger Source In the triggered sweep mode the function generator outputs a single sweep each time a trigger is received After one sweep from the start frequency to the stop frequency the function generator waits for the next trigger while outputting the start frequency e Sweep trigger source Internal Single or External The default is Internal e When the internal trigger source is enabled default the function generator outputs a continuous sweep at a rate determined by the sweep rate specified e Pressing Single to enable the single trigger mode also enables
23. calibration enter code to unsecure The function generator is unsecured for calibration enter code to secure Performs individual calibrations must be UNSECURED Reads the total number of times the function generator has been calibrated Reads the calibration string up to 11 characters entered from remote The commands enclosed in square brackets are hidden unless the function generator is UNSECURED for calibration 32 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation A front panel menu tutorial A front panel menu tutorial This section is a step by step tutorial which shows you how to use the front panel menu We recommend that you spend a few minutes with this tutorial to get comfortable with the structure and operation of the menu The menu is organized in a top down tree structure with three levels menus commands and parameters You move down v or up 4 the menu tree to get from one level to the next Each of the three levels has several horizontal choices which you can view by moving left lt or right gt Menus Commands Parameters The menu is organized in a top down tree structure with three levels e To turn on the menu press Shift Menu On Off e To turn off the menu press Shift Menu On Off e To execute a menu command press Enter e To recall the last menu command that was executed press Shift
24. comma separator factory setting e The display format is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The comma separator is enabled when the function generator is shipped from the factory e Front Panel Operation 5 COMMA SYS MENU See also To turn off the comma separator on page 52 Firmware Revision Query The function generator has three microprocessors for control of various internal systems You can query the function generator to determine which revision of firmware is installed for each microprocessor e The function generator returns three numbers The first number is the firmware revision number for the main generator processor the second is for the input output processor and the third is for the front panel processor e Front Panel Operation e Remote Interface Operation IDN Returns HEWLETT PACKARD 33120A 0 X X X X X X Be sure to dimension a string variable with at least 40 characters 113 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Remote Interface Configuration This section gives information on configuring the remote interface For information on programming the function generator over the remote interface see chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference starting on page 125 HP IB Address Each device on the HP IB IEEE 488 interface must have a unique address You can set the func
25. conflict error is generated and the amplitude is adjusted A momentary glitch occurs in the output waveform at certain voltages due to output attenuator switching This positive going glitch occurs when the output voltage crosses the break point voltage either from a lower voltage or a higher voltage The voltages are shown below for a 0 volt dc offset 252 mVpp 399 mVpp 502 mVpp 796 mVpp 1 Vpp 1 59 Vpp 2 0 Vpp 3 17 Vpp 3 99 Vpp 6 32 Vpp 7 96 Vpp The output voltage will momentarily drop to 0 volts at certain voltages due to output relay switching This occurs when the output voltage crosses the break point voltage either from a lower voltage or a higher voltage The voltages are shown below for a 0 volt dc offset 317 mVpp 632 mVpp 1 26 Vpp 2 52 Vpp 5 02 Vpp 60 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration e You can set the units for output amplitude to Vpp Vrms or dBm See Output Units on page 64 for more information e For dc volts the output level is actually controlled by setting the offset voltage You can set the dc voltage to any value between 5 Vdc into 50 ohms or 10 Vdc into an open circuit See DC Offset Voltage on page 62 for more information To select de volts from the front panel press Offset and hold it down for more than 2 seconds e Front Panel Operation To set the output amplitude press Amp Then use the knob arrow keys or Enter Number m
26. front panel by sending a command from the remote interface The function generator can display up to 11 characters of the message on the front panel any additional characters are truncated Commas periods and semicolons share a display space with the preceding character and are not considered individual characters When a message is displayed information relating to the output waveform such as frequency and amplitude is not sent to the display Sending a message to the display from the remote interface overrides the display state this means that you can display a message even if the display is turned off The display state is automatically turned on when you return to the local front panel state Press the Shift key or execute LOCAL 710 from the remote interface to return to the local state Remote Interface Operation DISPlay OFF ON Disable enable the display DISPlay TEXT lt quoted string gt Display the string enclosed in quotes DISPlay TEXT CLEar Clear the displayed message The following command string shows how to display a message on the front panel DISP TEXT HELLO 112 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Comma Separators The function generator can display values on the front panel with or without a comma separator This feature is available only from the front panel 15 000 000 MHz 15 000000 MHz With comma separator Without
27. is ignored The specified number of cycles is output each time Single is pressed or when a trigger signal is applied to the Ext Trig terminal The function generator is triggered on the rising edge of a TTL pulse e When the external gate burst source is selected the burst count burst rate burst phase and burst trigger source are ignored these parameters are used for the triggered burst mode only e Front Panel Operation 4 BURST CNT MOD MENU e Remote Interface Operation BM NCYCles lt cycles gt INFinity MINimum MAXimum 87 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Modulation Burst Rate The burst rate defines the frequency at which internally triggered bursts are generated The burst rate frequency defines the interval between bursts Used only in the internal triggered burst mode Keep in mind that the burst rate is different than the carrier frequency which specifies the frequency of the bursted signal e Burst rate 10 mHz to 50 kHz The default is 100 Hz e The burst rate setting is used only when internal triggering is enabled triggered mode The burst rate is ignored when single triggering or external triggering is enabled e When the single or external trigger source is selected triggered mode the burst count and burst phase remain in effect but the burst rate is ignored e When the external gate burst source is selected gated burst mode the burst count burst rate burst
28. is now stored To recall the stored state turn to the next page You can also use the knob or enter number mode to enter a memory location See Front Panel Number Entry on page 3 for more information 25 Chapter 1 Quick Start To store the instrument state To verify that the state was stored properly you can turn the power off before recalling the state Recall 5 Recall the stored instrument state To recall the stored state you must use the same memory location used previously to store the state Use the up and down arrow keys to change the displayed storage location RECALL 2 k J Nee To cancel the restore operation press Recall again This message appears on the display for approximately 10 seconds Repeat this step as needed Enter 6 Restore the instrument state The function generator should now be configured in the same state as when you stored the setup on the previous page When power is turned off the function generator automatically stores its state in memory location 0 You can recall the power down state but you cannot store the state to location 0 from the front panel Use the POWER ON LAST STATE command in the SYS MENU to automatically recall the power down state when power is turned on See chapter 2 for more information on using the front panel menus 26 Front Panel Menu Operation Front Panel Menu Operation
29. location For example an error is generated if you attempt to recall from memory location 2 but have never stored to that location From the front panel NOT STORED is displayed if nothing is stored in the specified memory location From the remote interface a 810 State has not been stored error is generated if nothing is stored in the specified memory location e Any arbitrary waveforms downloaded to VOLATILE memory are not remembered However if an arbitrary waveform is being output from non volatile memory when the state is stored the waveform data is stored The stored waveform is output when the instrument state is recalled e Ifyou delete an arbitrary waveform after storing the state the waveform data is lost and the function generator will not output the waveform when the state is recalled The SINC waveform is output in place of the deleted waveform 69 State Storage continued Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration When power is turned off the function generator automatically stores its state in memory location 0 You can configure the function generator to automatically recall the power down state when power is restored The recall mode is disabled when the function generator is shipped from the factory Select the POWER ON LAST STATE command from the SYS MENU to enable the power down recall mode Select POWER ON DEFAULT to disable the power down recall mod
30. mode is enabled 45 To cancel the number mode press Shift Cancel Output the waveform with the displayed duty cycle 45 DUTY You can also use the knob and arrow keys to enter a number See Front Panel Number Entry on page 3 for more information 22 Shift Arb List gt v Enter 1 N Chapter 1 Quick Start To output a stored arbitrary waveform To output a stored arbitrary waveform There are five built in arbitrary waveforms stored in non volatile memory for your use You can output these waveforms directly from non volatile memory The following steps show you how to output an exponential rise waveform from memory Display the list of arbitrary waveforms The list contains the five built in arbitrary waveforms sinc negative ramp exponential rise exponential fall and cardiac The list may also contain up to four user defined arbitrary waveform names The first choice on this level is SINC See This message appears on the display for approximately 10 seconds Repeat this step as needed Move across to the EXP_RISE choice EXP_RISE Select and output the displayed arbitrary waveform Notice that the Arb annunciator turns on indicating that the output is an arbitrary waveform The waveform is output using the present settings for frequency amplitude and offset unless you change them The selected waveform i
31. ms Frequency Change 30 ms Amplitude Change 30 ms Offset Change 10 ms Select User Arb 100 ms Modulation Parameter Change lt 350 ms Arb Download Times over HP IB Arb Length Binary ASCII Integer ASCII Real 4 16 000 points 8 sec 81 sec 100 sec 8 192 points 4 sec 42 sec 51 sec 4 096 points 2 5 sec 21 sec 26 sec 2 048 points 1 5 sec 11 sec 13 sec Arb Download Times over RS 232 at 9600 Baud 5 Arb Length Binary ASCII Integer ASCII Real 6 16 000 points 35 sec 101 sec 134 sec 8 192 points 18sec 52 sec 69 sec 4 096 points 10 sec 27 sec 35 sec 2 048 points 6 sec 14 sec 18 sec 1 Trigger source ignored when External Gate is selected 2 Time to change parameter and output the new signal 3 Modulation or sweep off 4 Times for 5 digit and 12 digit numbers 5 For 4800 baud multiply the download times by two For 2400 baud multiply the download times by four etc 6 Time for 5 digit numbers For 12 digit numbers multiply the 5 digit numbers by two 299 Chapter 8 Specifications HP 33120A Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Power Supply 1 Power Line Frequency Power Consumption Operating Environment Storage Environment State Storage Memory Dimensions W x H x D Bench Top Rack Mount Weight 100V 120V 220V 240V 10 switch selectable 45 Hz to 66 Hz and 360 Hz to 440 Hz Automatically sensed at pow
32. pass from start frequency to stop frequency by applying an external trigger The function generator can produce a frequency sweep for sine square triangle ramp or arbitrary waveforms For more information on the fundamentals of frequency sweeps refer to chapter 7 Tutorial To Select Sweep Modulation e The Swp annunciator turns on when the sweep mode is enabled e Only one modulation mode can be enabled at a time When you enable the sweep mode the previous modulation mode is turned off e Front Panel Operation Enable the sweep mode before you set up the other sweep parameters Press Shift Sweep to output a sweep using the present settings for amplitude and offset voltage e Remote Interface Operation To ensure proper operation you should enable the sweep mode after you have set up the other modulation parameters SWEep STATe OFF ON 94 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Start Frequency and Stop Frequency The start frequency and stop frequency set the upper and lower frequency bounds for the sweep The function generator begins at the start frequency sweeps to the stop frequency and then resets back to the start frequency e Start and Stop frequencies 10 mHz to 15 MHz 100 kHz for triangle and ramp The sweep is phase continuous over the full frequency range The default start frequency is 100 Hz The default stop frequency is 1 kHz The RST command sets the st
33. the displayed offset Notice that the Offset annunciator turns on indicating that the waveform is being output with an offset The annunciator will turn on when the offset is any value other than 0 volts To turn off the flashing digit move the cursor to the left of the display using the arrow keys 01 50 mVDC You can also use the knob and arrow keys to enter a number See Front Panel Number Entry on page 3 for more information m 21 Shift Duty Enter Number 4 5 Enter en 2 3 jai Chapter 1 Quick Start To set the duty cycle To set the duty cycle Applies only to square waves At power on the duty cycle for square waves is 50 You can adjust the duty cycle for a square waveform from 20 to 80 in increments of 1 for frequencies above 5 MHz the range is 40 to 60 The following steps show you how to change the duty cycle to 45 Select the square wave function Notice that the L annunciator turns on indicating that the square wave function is enabled Enable the duty cycle modify mode The displayed duty cycle is either the power on value or the previous value selected 50 DUTY Nee This message appears on the display for approximately 10 seconds Repeat this step as needed Enter the desired duty cycle Notice that the Num annunciator turns on and ENTER NUM flashes on the display indicating that the number
34. the external trigger mode External triggering is like the front panel single trigger mode except that you apply a trigger signal to the rear panel Ext Trig terminal The function generator is triggered on the rising edge of a TTL pulse e The Trig annunciator turns on when the function generator is waiting for a single or external trigger e Front Panel Operation Pressing Single to enable the single trigger mode also enables the external trigger mode Press Shift Internal to enable the internal trigger mode e Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal BUS See Triggering on page 98 for more information 97 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Triggering Applies only to bursts and frequency sweep You can issue triggers for bursts and sweeps using internal triggering single triggering or external triggering e Internal or automatic triggering is enabled when you turn on the function generator In this mode the function generator outputs continuously when the burst mode or sweep mode is selected e Single triggering outputs one burst or initiates one sweep each time you press re trigger Single from the front panel Continue pressing this key to the function generator e Pressing Single to enable the single trigger mode also enables the external trigger mode External triggering is like the front panel single trigger mode
35. to 100 kHz the upper limit for triangle waves From the front panel FREQ LIMIT is displayed and the frequency is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the frequency is adjusted Possible Conflict with Duty Cycle square wave only For output frequencies above 5 MHz the duty cycle is limited to values between 40 and 60 below 5 MHz the range is 20 to 80 The duty cycle is automatically adjusted if you select a frequency that is not valid with the present duty cycle For example if you set the duty cycle to 70 and then change the frequency to 8 MHz the function generator will automatically adjust the duty cycle to 60 the upper limit for this frequency From the front panel DUTY LIMIT is displayed and the duty cycle is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the duty cycle is adjusted Front Panel Operation To set the output frequency press Freq Then use the knob arrow keys or Enter Number mode to set the frequency Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 58 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Output Amplitude As shown below the output amplitude range depends on the function currently selected and the Gi
36. to 3 535 Vrms the upper limit for sine waves in Vrms From the front panel AMPL LIMIT is displayed and the amplitude is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the amplitude is adjusted 55 Output Function continued Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration e The following matrix shows which output functions are allowed with each modulation mode Each X indicates a valid combination If you change to a function that is not allowed with the selected modulation the modulation mode is turned off Arb Sine Square Triangle Ramp Noise AM Carrier X X X X AM Modulating Wave X X X X X FM Carrier X X X X FM Modulating Wave X X X X X FSK Modulation X X xX X Burst Modulation X X X X Frequency Sweep X X X X Xx KK XK XK X X e Front Panel Operation To select a function press any key in the top row of function keys Press Arb to output the arbitrary waveform currently selected to scroll through the waveform choices and make a selection press Arb List e To select de volts from the front panel press Offset and hold it down for more than 2 seconds e Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SHAPe SINusoid SQUare TRIangle RAMP NOISe USI You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command ER DC 56 Chapter 3 Features and
37. to edit the waveform e The INVERT command in the EDIT MENU takes the inverse of each point in the specified waveform by changing the sign e You can use the DELETE command in the EDIT MENU to delete any user defined waveforms in volatile memory A list of all user defined waveforms appears when you move to the DELETE command 108 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations System Related Operations This section gives information on topics such as power down recall self test error conditions and front panel display control This information is not directly related to waveform generation but is an important part of operating the function generator Power Down Recall Mode When power is turned off the function generator automatically stores its state in memory location 0 You can configure the function generator to automatically recall the power down state when power is restored The recall mode is disabled when the function generator is shipped from the factory The power down recall mode can be set from the front panel only When the recall mode is disabled factory setting the function generator powers up in its default configuration see page 123 When the recall mode is enabled the function generator powers up in the power down configuration The power down recall setting is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The
38. to show that the change is now in effect You are then exited from the menu At this point the function generator outputs a continuous three cycle burst You can generate a single burst with the specified burst count by pressing the Single key from the front panel or applying a trigger pulse to the rear panel Ext Trig terminal For more information see To trigger a burst or sweep on page 51 You can also use an external gate signal to turn the output signal on and off For more information see Burst Modulation in chapter 3 48 A Shift Sweep Shift lt Recall Menu i 2 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output a frequency sweep To output a frequency sweep In the frequency sweep mode the function generator steps from the start frequency to the stop frequency at a sweep rate which you specify You can sweep up or down in frequency and with either linear or logarithmic spacing For this example you will output a swept sine wave from 50 Hz to 5 kHz You will not change the other parameters from their default settings internal sweep trigger linear spacing and 1 second sweep time Select the function and amplitude for the sweep For sweeps you can select sine square triangle ramp or arbitrary waveforms For this example select a sine wave with a 5 Vpp amplitude Enable the sweep mode Notice that
39. 00 to a value of 1 Use the left right arrow keys to move between the point field left and the floating point value right The comma at the right side of the display indicates that the displayed value is the start point For this example the first 99 points in the waveform remain at 0 00100 1 0000 Enter 13 Press Enter to store the start point and move to the end point 105 Enter Shift Menu On Off Shift lt Recall Menu 14 15 16 17 18 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Arbitrary Waveforms Increment to point 299 and set the end point to a value of 1 Use the left right arrow keys to move between the point field left and the floating point value right As you modify the value the end point is output When you press the Enter key the line between the start point and end point is calculated output and stored If you exit without pressing the Enter key the start point and stop point are restored 00299 1 0000 Save the start and stop points and output the waveform COMPUTING Save the waveform and turn off the menu The function generator beeps and displays a message to show that the waveform is now stored in volatile memory You are then exited from the menu EXITING Use Recall Menu to return to the LINE EDIT command 06 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Arbitrary Waveforms
40. Chapter 8 Specifications HP 33120A Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS AM Modulation Carrier 3 dB Freq Modulation Frequency Depth Source FM Modulation Modulation Frequency Peak Deviation Source Burst Modulation Carrier Frequency Count Start Phase Internal Rate Gate Source Trigger Source FSK Modulation Frequency Range Internal Rate 10 MHz typical Any internal waveform plus Arb 10 mHz to 20 kHz 0 05 to 2 5 kHz then decreases linearly to 0 4 at upper limit 0 to 120 Internal External Any internal waveform plus Arb 10 mHz to 10 kHz 0 05 to 600 Hz then decreases linearly to 0 8 at upper limit 10 mHz to 15 MHz Internal Only 5 MHz max 1 to 50 000 cycles or Infinite 360 to 360 10 mHz to 50 kHz 1 Internal or External Gate Single External or Internal Rate 10 mHz to 15 MHz 0 05 to 600 Hz then decreases linearly to 4 at upper limit 10 mHz to 50 kHz Source Internal External 1 MHz max FREQUENCY SWEEP Type Linear or Logarithmic Direction Up or Down Start F Stop F 10 mHz to 15 MHz Time 1 ms to 500 sec 0 1 Source Single External or Internal REAR PANEL INPUTS External AM 5 Vpk 100 Modulation Modulation 5 kQ Input Resistance External Trigger FSK Burst Gate 1 Latency Jitter TTL low true 1 3 us 25 ns SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS Configuration Times 2 Function Change 80
41. Deletes the selected arb waveform from non volatile memory The commands enclosed in square brackets are hidden until you make a selection from the NEW ARB command to initiate a new edit session 31 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation Front panel menu reference D SYStem MENU 1 OUT TERM gt 2 POWERON gt 3 ERROR gt 4 TEST gt 5 COMMA gt 6 REVISION DOA EN OUT TERM POWER ON ERROR TEST COMMA REVISION E Input Output MENU Selects the output termination 50Q or high impedance Enables or disables automatic recall of the power down state Retrieves errors from the error queue up to 20 errors Performs a complete self test Enables or disables a comma separator between digits on the display Displays the function generator s firmware revision codes 1 HPIB ADDR gt 2 INTERFACE gt 3 BAUD RATE gt 4 PARITY gt 5 LANGUAGE aRhond HPIB ADDR INTERFACE BAUD RATE PARITY LANGUAGE F CALibration MENU Sets the HP IB bus address 0 to 30 Selects the HP IB or RS 232 interface Selects the baud rate for RS 232 operation Selects even odd or no parity for RS 232 operation Verifies the interface language SCPI 1 SECURED gt 1 UNSECURED gt 2 CALIBRATE gt 3 CAL COUNT gt 4 MESSAGE AON SECURED UNSECURED CALIBRATE CAL COUNT MESSAGE The function generator is secured against
42. HP Part Number 2110 0458 3 Rotate the line voltage selector until the correct voltage appears in the window 4 Replace the fuse holder assembly in the rear panel 100 120 220 230 or 240 Vac Verify that the correct line voltage is selected and the power line fuse is good 17 18 Chapter 1 Quick Start To adjust the carrying handle To adjust the carrying handle To adjust the position grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward Then rotate the handle to the desired position Al Il mmm Bench top viewing positions Carrying position Freq Enter Number 1 2 a MHz m Vpp en 2 ren Chapter 1 Quick Start To set the output frequency To set the output frequency At power on the function generator outputs a sine wave at 1 kHz with an amplitude of 100 mV peak to peak into a 50Q termination The following steps show you how to change the frequency to 1 2 MHz Enable the frequency modify mode The displayed frequency is either the power on value or the previous frequency selected When you change functions the same frequency is used if the present value is valid for the new function 1 000 000 0 KHz Enter the magnitude of the desired frequency Notice that the Num annunciator turns on and ENTER NUM flashes on the display indicating that the number mode is enabled m
43. MENU y 3 Move down to the COMMANDS level within the SYS MENU The OUT TERM command is your first choice on this level 1 OUT TERM gt 4 Move across to the POWER ON command on this level 1 There are six command choices available in the SYS MENU Each choice on this level has a number prefix for easy identification 1 2 etc 2 POWER ON You can also use the knob to scroll left or right through the choices on each level of the menu 35 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation A front panel menu tutorial Lv 5 Move down a level to the PARAMETER choices The first parameter choice is DEFAULT for the POWER ON command DEFAULT is the factory setting and is stored in non volatile memory KF AULT gt 6 Move across to the LAST STATE choice 1 There are two parameter choices for POWER ON LAST STATE Enter 7 Save the change and turn off the menu The function generator beeps and displays a message to show that the change is now in effect You are then exited from the menu ENTERED 1 You can also use the knob to scroll left or right through the choices on each level of the menu 36 Menu Example 2 Shift lt Recall Menu Enter Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation A front panel menu tutorial The following example shows how to use the recall menu feature as a shortcut to set the POWER ON
44. NSECURED for calibration Display Annunciators Q HEWLETT 33120A PACKARD 15 MHz FUNCTION ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATOR a PR OS IN IN ENE IS INS ONG IRC Z f Ads Rm ig ERROR set Shift L L Function generator is addressed to listen or talk over a remote interface Trig Function generator is waiting for a single trigger or external trigger Burst Sweep AM AM modulation is enabled FM FM modulation is enabled Ext Function generator is set for an external modulation source AM FSK Burst FSK FSK frequency shift keying modulation is enabled Burst Burst modulation is enabled Swp Sweep mode is enabled ERROR Hardware or remote interface command errors are detected Offset The waveform is being output with an offset voltage Shift Shift key has been pressed Press Shift again to turn off Num Enter Number mode is enabled Press Shift Cancel to disable Arb Arbitrary waveform function is enabled NI Sine waveform function is enabled Th Square waveform function is enabled Ny Triangle waveform function is enabled La Ramp waveform function is enabled To review the display annunciators hold down the Shift key as you turn on the function generator Quick Start Quick Start One of the first things you will want to do with your function generator is to become acquainted with its front panel We have written the exercises in this chapter to prepa
45. Panel Menu Operation To turn off the comma separator To turn off the comma separator The function generator can display values on the front panel with or without a comma separator The following steps show how to turn off the comma separator 15 000 000 MHz 15 000000 MHz With comma separator factory setting Without comma separator Turn on the menu A MOD MENU Move across to the SYS MENU choice on the MENUS level D SYS MENU Move down a level and then across to the COMMA command 5 COMMA Move down a level and then across to the OFF choice ORE Save the change and turn off the menu The comma separator setting is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset oO N Features and Functions Features and Functions You will find that this chapter makes it easy to look up all the details about a particular feature of the function generator Whether you are operating the function generator from the front panel or over the remote interface this chapter will be useful This chapter is divided into the following sections e Output Configuration starting on page 55 e Amplitude Modulation AM starting on page 71 e Frequency Modulation FM starting on page 76 e Burst Modulation starting on page 81 e Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation starting on page 90 e Frequency Sweep starting on page 94 e Tr
46. Power On Reset State Internal Power On Reset State e 10 e HP IB IEEE 488 e 9600 baud e None 8 data bits Power On Reset State Secured For your convenience this table is duplicated on the rear cover of this manual and on the Quick Reference Card 123 Specifications WAVEFORMS Standard Waveforms Arbitrary Waveforms Waveform Length Amplitude Resolution Sample Rate Non Volatile Memory Chapter 8 Specifications HP 33120A Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator Sine Square Triangle Ramp Noise DC volts Sine x x Negative Ramp Exponential Rise Exponential Fall Cardiac 8 to 16 000 points 12 bits including sign 40 MSa sec Four 4 16k waveforms FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS Sine Square Triangle Ramp Noise Gaussian Arbitrary Waveforms 8 to 8 192 points 8 193 to 12 287 points 12 288 to 16 000 points Resolution Accuracy Temperature Coefficient Aging SINEWAVE SPECTRAL PURITY into 509 Harmonic Distortion DC to 20 kHz 20 kHz to 100 kHz 100 kHz to 1 MHz 1 MHz to 15 MHz Total Harmonic Distortion DC to 20 kHz Spurious non harmonic Output DC to 1 MHz Output gt 1 MHz Phase Noise 100 wHz 15 MHz 100 wHz 15 MHz 100 wHz 100 kHz 100 wHz 100 kHz 10 MHz bandwidth 100 Hz 5 MHz 100 wHz 2 5 MHz 100 wHz 200 kHz 10 uHz or 10 digits 10 ppm in 90 days 20 ppm in 1 year 18 C 28 C l
47. T ARB1 on this level to load the specified waveform into volatile memory Enter 5 Turn on the waveform edit mode The function generator beeps and displays a message to show that the waveform edit mode is now enabled You are then exited from the menu LOADING Shift 6 Use Recall Menu to return to the NEW ARB command lt Recall Menu 1 NEW ARB gt 7 Move across to the POINTS command on this level 2 POINTS Lv 8 Move down a level and set the number of points to 400 A00400 PNTS 04 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Arbitrary Waveforms Enter 9 Save the change and turn off the menu The function generator beeps and displays a message to show that the change is now in effect You are then exited from the menu COMPUTING Shift 10 Use Recall Menu to return to the POINTS command lt Recall Menu 2 POINTS For this example the pulse waveform will be high for one half of the cycle for 200 of the 400 points From the front panel each waveform point is a floating point value between 1 and 1 which correspond to the peak values of the waveform To define the waveform points use the LINE EDIT command in the EDIT MENU The function generator temporarily rescales the waveform amplitude between 1 and 1 at 1 kHz gt 11 Move across to the LINE EDIT command on this level y 12 Move down a level and set point 1
48. and the carrier frequency is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the carrier frequency is adjusted 85 Carrier Frequency continued Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Modulation For all waveforms used with burst if the carrier frequency is set less than or equal to 100 Hz the following relationship applies Burst Count Carrier Frequency lt 500 seconds For Carrier lt 100 Hz If you attempt to set the carrier frequency to a value that is not valid the function generator will automatically adjust the frequency to the minimum value allowed with the present burst count From the front panel MIN VALUE is displayed and the frequency is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the frequency is adjusted For the triggered burst mode the sync signal is a TTL low while the specified number of cycles is output for the duration of the burst After the specified number of cycles has been output the sync signal goes high until the next burst The sync signal is output from the front panel SYNC terminal For the external gated burst mode the sync signal is a TTL high when the output is positive relative to zero volts or the dc offset value The signal is a TTL low when the output is negative relative to zero volts or the dc offset value The sync signal is output from the front pan
49. aps around to 0 Since the value increments by one for each calibration point a comple by many counts e Front Panel Operation te calibration will increase the value 3 CAL COUNT CAL MENU e Remote Interface Operation CALibration COUNt 121 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Overview Calibration Message You can use the calibration message feature to record calibration information about your function generator For example you can store such information as the last calibration date the next calibration due date the instrument serial number or even the name and phone number of the person to contact for a new calibration You can record information in the calibration message only from the remote interface However you can read the message from either the front panel menu or the remote interface e The calibration message may contain up to 40 characters However the function generator can display only 11 characters of the message on the front panel additional characters are truncated e The calibration message is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset e Front Panel Operation 4 MESSAGE CAL MENU Read the cal message e Remote Interface Operation CALibration STRing lt quoted string gt Store the cal message The following command string shows how to store a calibration message CAL STR CAL 12 10 93
50. art frequency to 10 mHz minimum and the stop frequency to 15 MHz maximum e For arbitrary waveforms the maximum start or stop frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform The five built in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz Number of Arb Points Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency 8 to 8 192 8k 10 mHz 5 MHz 8 193 to 12 287 12k 10 mHz 2 5 MHz 12 288 to 16 000 10 mHz 200 kHz e To sweep up in frequency set the start frequency lt stop frequency To sweep down in frequency set the start frequency gt stop frequency e The sync signal is a TTL low at the start of the sweep when the start frequency is output and is a TTL high at the end of the sweep when the stop frequency is output The signal is output from the front panel SYNC terminal e Front Panel Operation After enabling sweeps press Recall Menu to go directly to the START F command in the menu Is Ai n TART F SWP MENU TOP F SWP MENU n e Remote Interface Operation FREQuency STARt lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum FREQuency STOP lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 95 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Sweep Time The sweep time specifies the number of seconds required to sweep from the start frequency to the stop frequency The number of frequency points in the sweep depends on the sweep time you select and is automatically calculated
51. burst mode the sync signal is a TTL high when the output is positive relative to zero volts or the dc offset value The signal is a TTL low when the output is negative relative to zero volts or the dc offset value e For FSK a momentary TTL high pulse gt 200 ns is output on the transition to the hop frequency e For frequency sweeps the sync signal is a TTL low at the start of the sweep when the start frequency is output and is a TTL high at the end of the sweep when the stop frequency is output e Remote Interface Operation OUTPut SYNC OFF ON Setting is stored in volatile memory 68 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Instrument State Storage You can store up to three different instrument states in non volatile memory This enables you to recall the entire instrument configuration with a single command from the remote interface or with just a few key presses from the front panel e Three memory locations numbered 1 2 and 3 are available to store instrument configurations The state storage feature remembers the function including arbitrary waveforms frequency amplitude dc offset duty cycle as well as any modulation parameters To recall a stored state you must use the same memory location used previously to store the state e You cannot recall the instrument state from a memory location that was not previously specified as a storage
52. command back to its original setting You must perform the steps in Example 1 before you start this example Use recall menu to return to the POWER ON command This returns you to the POWER ON command which was the last command used before you exited the menu in the Example 1 2 POWER ON Move down to the PARAMETER choices The first parameter choice is LAST STATE the current setting from fy Pes D B ke S D E LAST STATE Move across to the DEFAULT choice Set the parameter back to its original value EFAULT l Save the change and turn off the menu The function generator beeps and displays a message to show that the change is now in effect You are then exited from the menu ENTERED You can also use the knob to scroll left or right through the choices on each level of the menu 37 Menu Example 3 Shift Menu On Off gt gt Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation A front panel menu tutorial Some commands in the menu require that you enter a numeric parameter value The following steps show you how to enter a number in the menu For this example you will set the number of cycles for the burst modulati on mode 1 Turn on the menu You enter the menu on the MENUS level The MOD MENU is your first choice on this level A MOD MI ENU 2 Move down to the COMMANDS level within the MOD MENU
53. ct your nearest Hewlett Packard Sales Office One power cord This User s Guide One Service Guide One folded Quick Reference card Certificate of Calibration Connect the power cord and turn on the function generator The front panel display will light up while the function generator performs its power on self test The HP IB bus address is displayed Notice that the function generator powers up in the sine wave function at 1 kHz with an amplitude of 100 mV peak to peak into a 50Q termination To review the power on display with all annunciators turned on hold down Shift as you turn on the function generator Perform a complete self test The complete self test performs a more extensive series of tests than those performed at power on Hold down Shift as you press the Power switch to turn on the function generator hold down the key for more than 5 seconds The self test will begin when you release the key If the self test is successful PASS is displayed on the front panel If the self test is not successful FAIL is displayed and the ERROR annunciator turns on See the Service Guide for instructions on returning the function generator to Hewlett Packard for service 15 Chapter 1 Quick Start If the function generator does not turn on If the function generator does not turn on Use the following steps to help solve problems you might experience whe
54. cts the shape of the FM modulating waveform BURST CNT Sets the number of cycles per burst 1 to 50 000 cycles BURST RATE Sets the burst rate in Hz for an internal burst source BURST PHAS Sets the starting phase angle of a burst 360 to 360 degrees BURST SRC Selects an internal or external gate source for burst modulation FSK FREQ Sets the FSK hop frequency FSK RATE Selects the internal FSK rate between the carrier and FSK frequency FSK SRC Selects an internal or external source for the FSK rate B SWP Sweep MENU 1 START F gt 2 STOPF gt 3 SWP TIME gt 4 SWP MODE kOND C EDIT MENU START F Sets the start frequency in Hz for sweeping STOP F Sets the stop frequency in Hz for sweeping SWP TIME Sets the repetition rate in seconds for sweeping SWP MODE Selects linear or logarithmic sweeping 1 NEW ARB gt 2 POINTS gt 3 LINE EDIT gt 4 POINT EDIT gt 5 INVERT gt 6 SAVEAS gt 7 DELETE NOOPRON NEW ARB Initiates a new arb waveform or loads the selected arb waveform POINTS Sets the number of points in a new arb waveform 8 to 16 000 points LINE EDIT Performs a linear interpolation between two points in the arb waveform POINT EDIT Edits the individual points of the selected arb waveform INVERT Inverts the selected arb waveform by changing the sign of each point SAVE AS Saves the current arb waveform in non volatile memory DELETE
55. cy and hop frequency Shift 6 Use the menu to set the FSK shift rate lt Recall Menu The recall menu key returns you to the FSK FREQ command which was the last command used before you exited the menu 8 FSK FREQ 45 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output an FSK waveform gt 7 Move across to the FSK RATE command 9 FSK RATE v 8 Move down a level and set the FSK shift rate to 100 Hz Notice that the FSK annunciator flashes indicating that the displayed parameter is for the FSK mode For more information on editing numbers in the menu refer to Menu Example 3 earlier in this chapter A100 0 Hz Enter 9 Save the change and turn off the menu The function generator beeps and displays a message to show that the change is now in effect You are then exited from the menu ENTERED At this point the function generator outputs the FSK waveform You can also use an external signal to shift between the carrier frequency and hop frequency For more information see Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation in chapter 3 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output a burst waveform To output a burst waveform You can configure the function generator to output a waveform with a specified number of cycles called a burst You can output the burst at a rate determined by the internal rate generator or the signal level on the
56. e See Power Down Recall Mode on page 109 for more information From the remote interface you can use memory location 0 to store a fourth instrument configuration you cannot store to this memory location from the front panel However keep in mind that memory location 0 is automatically overwritten when the power is turned off Front Panel Operation To store the state press Shift Store Then use the knob arrow keys or Enter Number mode to select the memory location To restore the state press Recall Then use the knob arrow keys or Enter Number mode to select the memory location Remote Interface Operation SAV 0 1 213 State 0 is the instrument state at power down RCL 0 11213 States 1 2 and 3 are user defined states From the remote interface you can delete individual stored states and clear the memory location If nothing is stored in the specified memory location a 810 State has not been stored error is generated MEMory STATe DELete 0 1 2 3 70 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Amplitude Modulation AM A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform In AM the amplitude of the carrier is varied by the amplitude of the modulating waveform The function generator will accept an internal modulating signal an external modulating signal or both For more information on t
57. e For arbitrary waveforms the maximum carrier frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform The five built in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz Number of Arb Points 8 to 8 192 8k 8 193 to 12 287 12k 12 288 to 16 000 Minimum Frequency 100 pHz 100 pHz 100 Hz Maximum Frequency 5 MHz 2 5 MHz 200 kHz e Front Panel Operation Press the Freq key to select any valid frequency for the selected function the present amplitude and offset voltage are used e Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 72 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Modulating Waveform Shape The function generator will accept an internal modulating signal an external modulating signal or both e Modulating waveform shape internal source Sine Square Triangle Ramp Noise or Arbitrary waveform The default is Sine e You can use the noise function as the modulating waveform However you cannot use the noise function or dc volts as the carrier waveform e Front Panel Operation After enabling AM press Recall Menu to go directly to the AM SHAPE command in the menu 1 AM SHAPE MOD MENU e Remote Interface Operation AM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare TRIangle RAMP NOISe USER 73 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Modulating Waveform F
58. e to enter a number See Front Panel Number Entry on page 3 for more information 39 Shift Menu On Off Enter Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To select the output termination To select the output termination The function generator has a fixed output impedance of 50 ohms on the OUTPUT terminal You can specify whether you are terminating the output into a 50Q load or an open circuit Incorrect impedance matching between the source and load will result in an output amplitude or dc offset which does not match the specified value Turn on the menu A MOD MENU Move across to the SYS MENU choice on this level 1 D SYS MENU Move down a level to the OUT TERM command 1 OUT TERM Move down a level and then across to the HIGH Z choice With the output termination set to HIGH 2 the function generator allows you to set the unloaded open circuit output voltage HIGH Z Save the change and turn off the menu The function generator beeps and displays a message to show that the change is now in effect You are then exited from the menu You can also use the knob to scroll left or right through the choices on each level of the menu A Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output a modulated waveform To output a modulated waveform A modulated waveform consists of a carrier and a modulating waveform In AM amplitude modulation
59. ed trigger source is ignored The external gated mode overrides the triggered mode source Front Panel Operation Pressing Single to enable the single trigger mode also enables the external trigger mode Press Shift Internal to enable the internal trigger mode Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal BUS See Triggering on page 98 for more information 82 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Modulation Burst Source In the external gated burst mode the output waveform is either on or off based on the level of the external signal applied to the rear panel Ext Trig terminal When the gate signal is true the function generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal is false the output is turned off e Burst source Internal or External Gate The default is Internal e When the internal burst source is selected the external gated mode is disabled e When the external gate source is selected the output is enabled or disabled based on the logic level of the gate signal applied to the Ext Trig terminal When the gate signal is true TTL high the function generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal is false TTL low the output is turned off zero volts or the dc offset level e When the external gate source is selected the burst count burst rate burst phase and burst trigger source are ignored these parameter
60. el SYNC terminal Front Panel Operation Press the Freq key and select any valid frequency for the selected function the present amplitude and offset voltage are used Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset of the carrier with a single command 86 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Modulation Burst Count The burst count defines the number of cycles to be output per burst Used only in the triggered burst mode internal or external source Certain combinations of burst count and carrier frequency are not allowed If you attempt to specify a burst count that is not valid the function generator will automatically adjust the count to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency Make sure you note the restrictions in Burst Carrier Frequency starting on page 85 before setting the burst count e Burst count 1 to 50 000 cycles in 1 cycle increments You can also select an infinite burst count The default is 1 cycle e When the internal trigger source is selected the specified number of cycles is output continuously at a rate determined by the burst rate setting The burst rate frequency defines the interval between bursts e When the single or external trigger source is selected the burst count and burst phase remain in effect but the burst rate
61. en the offset is any value other than 0 volts 155 0 mVDC You can also use the knob and arrow keys to enter a number See Front Panel Number Entry on page 3 for more information N R Shift Store Enter en 2 jk Chapter 1 Quick Start To store the instrument state To store the instrument state You can store up to three different instrument states in non volatile memory This enables you to recall the entire instrument configuration with just a few key presses from the front panel The following steps show you how to store and recall a state Set up the function generator to the desired configuration The state storage feature remembers the function frequency amplitude dc offset duty cycle as well as any modulation parameters Turn on the state storage mode Three memory locations numbered 1 2 and 3 are available to store instrument configurations The instrument configuration is stored in non volatile memory and is remembered when power has been off STORE 1 1 This message appears on the display for approximately 10 seconds Repeat this step as needed Store the instrument state in memory location 2 1 Use the up and down arrow keys to select the memory location STORE 2 To cancel the store operation press Shift Store again or let the display time out after 10 seconds Save the instrument state The instrument state
62. er on 50 VA peak 28 W average 0 C to 55 C 80 Relative Humidity to 40 C 40 C to 70 C Power off state automatically saved Three 3 User Configurable Stored States Arbitrary waveforms stored separately 254 4 mm x 103 6 mm x 374 mm 212 6 mm x 88 5 mm x 348 3 mm 4 kg 8 8 Ibs Safety Designed to EMC Vibration and Shock Acoustic Noise Warm Up Time Warranty Remote Interface Programming Language Accessories Included EN61010 CSA1010 UL 1244 EN55011 EN50082 1 MIL 461C 2 data on file MIL T 28800E Type III Class 5 data on file 30 dBa 1 hour 3 years standard IEEE 488 and RS 232 standard SCPI 1993 IEEE 488 2 User s Guide Service Guide Quick Reference Card Test Report and power cord 1 For 400 Hz operation at 120 Vac use the 100 Vac line voltage setting 2 The HP 33120A does not meet the performance requirements of MIL 461C characterization However performance test data is available upon request 300
63. except that you apply a trigger signal to the rear panel Ext Trig terminal The function generator is triggered on the rising e Th edge of a TTL pulse Single key is disabled when in remote the Rmt annunciator turns on when in remote and when a function other than burst or sweep is selected 98 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Trigger Source Choices Applies only to burst and sweep You must specify the source from which the function generator will accept a trigger e From the front panel the function generator will accept a single trigger a hardware trigger from the Ext Trig terminal or continuously output bursts or sweeps using the internal trigger At power on internal trigger is selected e From the remote interface the function generator will accept a software bus trigger a hardware trigger from the Ext Trig terminal or an immediate internal trigger e The trigger source setting is stored in volatile memory the source is set to internal trigger front panel or immediate remote interface when power has been off or after a remote interface reset e To select the trigger source from the remote interface use the following command The APPLy command automatically sets the trigger source to IMMediate TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal BUS Internal Triggering In this trigger mode the function generator continuously outputs the burst or sweep as specified by the bur
64. gnal output is provided on the front panel SYNC terminal All of the standard output functions except dc and noise have an associated sync signal For certain applications where you may not want to output the sync signal you can disable the SYNC terminal The SYNC terminal can be enabled disabled from the remote interface only e By default the sync signal is routed to the SYNC terminal enabled e When the sync signal is disabled the output level on the SYNC terminal is indeterminate it might be a TTL high or a TTL low e For sine square triangle and ramp waveforms the sync signal is a TTL high when the waveform s output is positive relative to zero volts or the dc offset value The signal is a TTL low when the output is negative relative to zero volts or the de offset value e For arbitrary waveforms a momentary TTL high pulse gt 200 ns is output which corresponds to the first downloaded point in the waveform e For AM and FM the sync signal is referenced to the modulating signal not the carrier Amomentary TTL high pulse gt 200 ns is output at each zero crossing point of the modulating signal e For the triggered burst mode a TTL low signal is output while the specified number of cycles is output for the duration of the burst After the specified number of cycles has been output the sync signal goes high until the next burst e For the external gated
65. gt MINimum MAXimum 89 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation You can configure the function generator to shift its output frequency between two preset values using FSK modulation The rate at which the output shifts between the two frequencies called the carrier frequency and the hop frequency is determined by the internal rate generator or the signal level on the rear panel FSK terminal The function generator can produce an FSK waveform using sine square triangle ramp and arbitrary waveforms For more information on the fundamentals of FSK Modulation refer to chapter 7 Tutorial To Select FSK Modulation e The FSK annunciator turns on when FSK is enabled e Only one modulation mode can be enabled at a time When you enable FSK the previous modulation mode is turned off e Front Panel Operation Enable FSK before you set up the other modulation parameters Press Shift FSK to output the waveform using the present settings for frequency amplitude and offset voltage e Remote Interface Operation To ensure proper operation you should enable FSK after you have set up the other modulation parameters FSKey STATe OFF ON 90 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation FSK Carrier Frequency e Carrier frequency 10 mHz to 15 MHz 100 kHz for triangle and ramp
66. he fundamentals of Amplitude Modulation refer to chapter 7 Tutorial To Select AM Modulation e The AM annunciator turns on when AM is enabled e Only one modulation mode can be enabled at a time When you enable AM the previous modulation mode is turned off e Front Panel Operation Enable AM before setting up the other modulation parameters Press Shift AM to output an AM waveform using the present settings for the carrier frequency modulating frequency output amplitude and offset voltage e Remote Interface Operation To ensure proper operation you should enable AM after you have set up the other modulation parameters AM STATe OFF ON 71 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Carrier Waveform Shape e AM carrier shape Sine Square Triangle Ramp or Arbitrary waveform The default is Sine e You cannot use the noise function or dc volts as the carrier waveform e Front Panel Operation Press any of the front panel function keys except Noise For arbitrary waveforms the Arb key selects the waveform that is currently downloaded e Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SHAPe SINusoid SQUare TRIangle RAMP USER You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command Carrier Frequency e Carrier frequency 100 wHz to 15 MHz 100 kHz for triangle and ramp The default is 1 kHz
67. he output termination For example if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the displayed amplitude will double to 20 Vpp If you change from high impedance to 50 ohms the displayed amplitude will drop in half For example if you set the offset to 100 mVdc and specify a 50 ohm termination but are actually terminating the output into an open circuit the actual displayed offset will be 200 mVdc e Front Panel Operation Choose 50 OHM or HIGH Z from the front panel menu 1 OUT TERM SYS MENU e Remote Interface Operation OUTPut LOAD 50 INFinity MINimum MAXimum 65 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Duty Cycle Applies only to square waves Duty cycle is specified as a percentage and represents the amount of time per cycle that the square wave is high TDD gt T 1 Ip frequency Duty Cycle T where T e Duty cycle 20 to 80 in 1 increments frequency lt 5 MHz 40 to 60 in 1 increments frequency gt 5 MHz The default is 50 e The duty cycle is stored in volatile memory the duty cycle is set to 50 when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The APPLy command automatically sets the duty cycle to 50 for square waves e Before attempting to set the duty cycle you must enable the square wave function From the front panel SQUARE ONLY
68. iggering starting on page 98 e Arbitrary Waveforms starting on page 103 e System Related Operations starting on page 109 e Remote Interface Configuration starting on page 114 e Calibration Overview starting on page 118 e Power On and Reset State on page 123 Some knowledge of the front panel menu will be helpful before you read this chapter If you have not already read chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation starting on page 29 you may want to read it now Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference starting on page 125 lists the syntax for the SCPI commands available to program the function generator Throughout this manual the following conventions are used for SCPI command syntax for remote interface programming e Square brackets indicate optional keywords or parameters e Braces enclose parameters within a command string e Triangle brackets lt gt indicate that you must substitute a value for the enclosed parameter e A vertical bar separates multiple parameter choices 54 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Output Configuration This section contains information to help you configure the function generator for outputting waveforms You may never have to change some of the parameters discussed here but they are provided to give you the flexibility you might need Output Function The function generator can output five standard waveforms including sine s
69. is referenced to the modulating signal not the carrier A momentary TTL high pulse gt 200 ns is output at each zero crossing point of the modulating signal The signal is output from the front panel SYNC terminal e Front Panel Operation Press Shift Freq to set the modulating frequency the value is displayed for approximately 10 seconds Before setting the modulating frequency from the front panel you must have FM enabled If you attempt to set the frequency when FM is not enabled SELECT AM FM is displayed e Remote Interface Operation FM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 79 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Peak Frequency Deviation The peak frequency deviation represents the variation in frequency of the modulating waveform from the carrier frequency Peak frequency deviation 10 mHz to 7 5 MHz The default is 100 Hz The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal to the peak frequency deviation If you attempt to set the deviation to a value greater than the carrier frequency with FM enabled the function generator will automatically adjust the deviation to equal the present carrier frequency From the front panel MAX VALUE is displayed and the deviation is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the deviation is adjusted The sum of the carrier frequency and
70. ith three levels To turn on menu press MENU ne anton To move L To move WH Em v up or down lt right or left A MOD MENU gt B SWP MENU gt C EDIT MENU gt D SYS MENU E 1 O MENU F CAL MENU 4 4 4 4 4 4 1AM SHAPE gt 2 AM SOURCE 1 START F 1 NEW ARB tout TERM 1 HPIB ADDR 1 SECURED To enter command press Enter A MODulation MENU 1 AM SHAPE gt 2 AM SOURCE gt 3 FM SHAPE gt 4 BURST CNT gt 5 BURST RATE gt gt 6 BURST PHAS gt 7 BURST SRC gt 8 FSK FREQ gt 9 FSK RATE gt 10 FSK SRC B SWP Sweep MENU 1 START F gt 2 STOP F gt 3 SWP TIME gt 4 SWP MODE C EDIT MENU 1 NEWARB gt 2 POINTS gt 3 LINE EDIT gt 4 POINT EDIT gt 5 INVERT gt 6 SAVEAS gt 7 DELETE The commands enclosed in square brackets are hidden until you make a selection from the NEW ARB command to initiate a new edit session D SYStem MENU 1 OUT TERM gt 2 POWERON gt 3 ERROR gt 4 TEST gt 5 COMMA gt 6 REVISION E Input Output MENU 1 HPIB ADDR gt 2 INTERFACE gt 3 BAUD RATE gt 4 PARITY gt 5 LANGUAGE F CALibration MENU 1 SECURED gt 1 UNSECURED gt 2 CALIBRATE gt 3 CAL COUNT gt 4 MESSAGE The commands enclosed in square brackets are hidden unless the function generator is U
71. l adjust the output amplitude to 3 535 Vrms the upper limit for sine waves in Vrms From the front panel AMPL LIMIT is displayed and the amplitude is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the amplitude is adjusted 59 Output Amplitude continued Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Output Amplitude and Output Termination The output amplitude is automatically adjusted and no error is generated if you change the output termination For example if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the displayed amplitude will double to 20 Vpp If you change from high impedance to 50 ohms the displayed amplitude will drop in half See Output Termination on page 65 for more information Offset Voltage Restrictions The output amplitude in Vpp and the dc offset voltage must obey the following restrictions If the specified amplitude is not valid the function generator will automatically adjust it to the maximum value allowed with the present offset voltage Vmax is either 10 volts for a high impedance termination or 5 volts for a 50 ohm termination Vpp is the output amplitude in volts peak to peak V Voffset o lt Vmax and Voffset lt 2x Vpp From the front panel MAX VALUE is displayed and the amplitude is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings
72. led SELECT AM FM is displayed Remote Interface Operation AM DEPTh K lt depth in percent gt MINimum MAXimum 74 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Modulating Source The function generator will accept an internal modulating signal an external modulating signal or both e Modulating source Internal External both or External only The default is Both internal external e The External modulating source is always enabled e When both sources are enabled internal external the function generator adds the internal and external modulating signals the carrier waveform is actually modulated with two waveforms e When the internal source is disabled external only the carrier waveform is modulated with the external waveform The Ext annunciator turns on to indicate that the function generator is expecting a modulating signal on the rear panel AM Modulation terminal e You apply the external modulating waveform to the AM Modulation terminal The modulation depth is controlled by the signal level present 5 volts peak corresponds to 100 modulation AM MODULATION 5V 5V 100 OV 5 V e Front Panel Operation 2 AM SOURCE MOD MENU e Remote Interface Operation AM SOURce BOTH EXTernal 75 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Frequency Modulation FM A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating
73. n bursts triggered mode only e Carrier frequency 10 mHz to 5 MHz 100 kHz for triangle and ramp The default is 1 kHz You can use sine square ramp triangle or arbitrary waveforms for the carrier waveshape e Be sure to note the restrictions for carrier frequency and burst count shown on the following pages 84 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Modulation e For arbitrary waveforms used as the carrier waveform the maximum frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform The five built in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz be sure to note the restrictions below Number of Arb Points Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency 8 to 8 192 8k 10 mHz 5 MHz 8 193 to 12 287 12k 10 mHz 2 5 MHz 12 288 to 16 000 10 mHz 200 kHz e For sine square and arbitrary waveforms does not apply to ramp and triangle waveforms the relationship between the carrier frequency and the minimum burst count is shown below Carrier Minimum Frequency Burst Count 10 mHz to 1 MHz gt 1 MHz to 2 MHz gt 2 MHz to 3 MHz gt 3 MHz to 4 MHz gt 4 MHz to 5 MHz For sine square and arbitrary waveforms only arWND e Ifyou attempt to set the carrier frequency to a value that is not valid the function generator will automatically adjust the frequency to the maximum value allowed with the present burst count From the front panel MAX VALUE is displayed
74. n turning on the function generator If you need more help see the Service Guide for instructions on returning the function generator to Hewlett Packard for service 1 Verify that there is ac power to the function generator First verify that the function generator s Power switch is in the On position Also make sure that the power cord is firmly plugged into to the power module on the rear panel You should also make sure that the power source you plugged the function generator into is energized 2 Verify the power line voltage setting The line voltage is set to the proper value for your country when the function generator is shipped from the factory Change the voltage setting if it is not correct The settings are 100 120 220 or 240 Vac for 230 Vac operation use the 220 Vac setting See the next page if you need to change the line voltage setting 3 Verify that the power line fuse is good The function generator is shipped from the factory with a 500 mAT fuse installed This is the correct fuse for all line voltages See the next page if you need to change the power line fuse To replace the 500 mAT fuse order HP part number 2110 0458 16 Chapter 1 Quick Start If the function generator does not turn on 1 Remove the power cord Remove the fuse holder assembly from the rear panel 2 Remove the line voltage selector from the assembly Fuse 500 mAT for all line voltages
75. nal rate generator or the signal level on the rear panel FSK terminal For this example you will set the carrier frequency to 3 kHz and the hop frequency to 500 Hz with an FSK rate of 100 Hz fsbo SS ere Select the function frequency and amplitude of the carrier For the carrier waveform you can select a sine square triangle ramp or arbitrary waveform For this example select a 3 kHz sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp Enable FSK Notice that the FSK annunciator turns on Use the menu to set the hop frequency After you enable the FSK mode the recall menu key will automatically take you to the FSK FREQ command in the MOD MENU 8 FSK FREQ 44 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output an FSK waveform Lv 4 Move down a level and set the hop frequency to 500 Hz Notice that the FSK annunciator flashes indicating that the displayed parameter is for the FSK mode Also notice that the hop frequency is displayed with fewer digits than the carrier frequency For more information on editing numbers in the menu refer to Menu Example 3 earlier in this chapter A500 0 Hz Enter 5 Save the change and turn off the menu At this point the carrier and hop frequencies are set and output Now we will go back into the menu to set the FSK shift rate this is the rate at which the function generator shifts between the carrier frequen
76. ode to set the amplitude e Remote Interface Operation VOLTage lt amplitude gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 61 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration DC Offset Voltage At power on the dc offset is set to 0 volts You can set the offset to a positive or negative number with the restrictions shown below If the specified offset voltage is not valid the function generator will automatically adjust it to the maximum dc voltage allowed with the present amplitude Vmax is either 10 volts for a high impedance termination or 5 volts for a 50 ohm termination Vpp is the output amplitude in volts peak to peak V Voffset F i lt Vmax and Voffset lt 2x Vpp From the front panel MAX VALUE is displayed and the offset is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the offset is adjusted e DC Offset and Output Termination The offset voltage is automatically adjusted and no error is generated if you change the output termination For example if you set the offset to 100 mVdc and then change the termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the displayed offset will double to 200 mVdc If you change from high impedance to 50 ohms the displayed offset will drop in half See Output Termination on page 65 for more information e F
77. on the function generator e Your HP IB bus controller has its own address Be sure to avoid using the bus controller s address for any instrument on the interface bus Hewlett Packard controllers generally use address 21 e Ifyou enable the RS 232 interface you must select the baud rate and parity to be used RS 232 is displayed momentarily on the front panel when you turn on the function generator if you have selected this interface e Front Panel Operation 2 INTERFACE I O MENU See also To select the remote interface on page 218 Refer to RS 232 Interface Configuration starting on page 195 for more information on connecting the function generator to a computer terminal or modem over the RS 282 interface 115 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Baud Rate Selection RS 232 You can select one of six baud rates for RS 232 operation The rate is set to 9600 baud when the function generator is shipped from the factory The baud rate can be set from the front panel only e Select one of the following 300 600 1200 2400 4800 or 9600 baud The factory setting is 9600 baud e The baud rate selection is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset e Front Panel Operation 3 BAUD RATE I O MENU See also To set the baud rate on page 219 Parity Selection
78. or dc volts the output level is actually controlled by setting the offset voltage You can set the dc voltage to any value between 5 Vde into 50 ohms or 10 Vdc into an open circuit To select de volts from the front panel press Offset and hold it down for more than 2 seconds 62 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration e For arbitrary waveforms the Offset annunciator will turn on if the waveform data has an inherent offset present if the average is not equal to zero The function generator calculates the average of the data points and compares the average to zero volts If the average is not within two DAC Digital to Analog Converter counts of zero volts the Offset annunciator turns on e Front Panel Operation To set the dc offset press Offset Then use the knob arrow keys or Enter Number mode to set the offset e Remote Interface Operation VOLTage OFFSet lt offset gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 63 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Output Units Applies only to output amplitude does not affect offset At power on the units for output amplitude are volts peak to peak Output units Vpp Vrms or dBm The default is Vpp The unit setting is stored in volatile memory the units are set to Vpp when power has been off or after a remote in
79. or triangle and ramp The default is 100 Hz You can use sine square ramp triangle or arbitrary waveforms for the hop frequency waveshape For arbitrary waveforms the maximum hop frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform The five built in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz Number of Arb Points 8 to 8 192 8k 8 193 to 12 287 12k 12 288 to 16 000 Minimum Frequency 10 mHz 10 mHz 10 mHz Maximum Frequency 5 MHz 2 5 MHz 200 kHz For an externally controlled FSK waveform the carrier frequency is output when a low TTL level is applied to the FSK terminal The hop frequency is output when a high TTL level is applied For FSK the sync signal is referenced to the FSK hop signal not the carrier A momentary TTL high pulse gt 200 ns is output on the transition to the hop frequency The signal is output from the front panel SYNC terminal Front Panel Operation After enabling FSK press Recall Menu to go directly to the FSK FREQ command in the menu 8 FSK FREQ MOD MENU Remote Interface Operation FSKey FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 92 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation FSK Rate The FSK rate is the rate at which the output frequency shifts between the carrier frequency and the hop frequency when you select the internal FSK source e
80. peak frequency deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function plus 100 kHz 15 1 MHz for sine and square 200 kHz for triangle and ramp and 5 1 MHz for arbitrary waveforms If you attempt to set the deviation to a value that is not valid the function generator will automatically adjust the deviation to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency From the front panel MAX VALUE is displayed and the deviation is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the deviation is adjusted Front Panel Operation Press Shift Level to set the peak deviation the value is displayed for approximately 10 seconds Before setting the deviation from the front panel you must have FM enabled If you attempt to set the deviation when FM is not enabled SELECT AM FM is displayed Remote Interface Operation FM DEViation lt peak deviation in Hz gt MINimum MAXimum 80 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Modulation Burst Modulation You can configure the function generator to output a waveform with a specified number of cycles called a burst You can output the burst at a rate determined by the internal rate generator or an external signal applied to the rear panel connector The function generator can produce a burst using sine square triangle ramp and arbitrary waveforms For more information on
81. phase and burst trigger source are ignored these parameters are used for the triggered burst mode only e It is possible to specify a burst rate which is too fast for the function generator to output with the specified carrier frequency and burst count If the burst rate is too high the function generator will internally adjust it as needed to continuously re trigger the burst The adjustment is handled internally by the function generator the burst rate displayed or queried will be the same as specified e Front Panel Operation 5 BURST RATE MOD MENU e Remote Interface Operation BM INTernal RATE lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 88 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Modulation Burst Phase The burst phase defines the starting phase of the burst Burst phase 360 degrees to 360 degrees in 0 001 degree increments The default is 0 degrees For sine square triangle and ramp waveforms 0 degrees is the point at which the waveform crosses zero volts or the dc offset value in a positive going direction For arbitrary waveforms 0 degrees is the first data point downloaded to memory When the external gate source is selected gated burst mode the burst count burst rate burst phase and burst trigger source are ignored these parameters are used for the triggered burst mode only Front Panel Operation 6 BURST PHAS MOD MENU Remote Interface Operation BM PHASe lt degrees
82. power down recall mode remembers the function including arbitrary waveforms frequency amplitude dc offset duty cycle as well as any modulation parameters Any arbitrary waveforms downloaded to VOLATILE memory are not remembered However if an arbitrary waveform is being output from non volatile memory when the state is stored the waveform data is stored The stored waveform is output when the instrument state is recalled Front Panel Operation 2 POWER ON SYS MENU To enable the recall mode select the LAST STATE choice To disable the recall mode select the DEFAULT choice 109 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Error Conditions When the front panel ERROR annunciator turns on one or more command syntax or hardware errors have been detected A record of up to 20 errors can be stored in the function generator s error queue See chapter 5 Error Messages for a complete listing of the errors e Errors are retrieved in first in first out FIFO order The first error returned is the first error that was stored When you have read all errors from the queue the ERROR annunciator turns off The function generator beeps once each time an error is generated e Ifmore than 20 errors have occurred the last error stored in the queue the most recent error is replaced with 350 Too many errors No additional errors are stored until you remove errors f
83. quare triangle ramp and noise You can also select one of five predefined arbitrary waveforms or download your own custom waveforms You can internally modulate any of the standard waveforms including arbitrary using AM FM FSK or burst modulation Linear or logarithmic frequency sweeping is available for any of the standard waveforms except noise and arbitrary waveforms The default function is sine wave e Possible Conflict with Output Frequency The output frequency is automatically adjusted if you select a function whose maximum frequency is less than that of the currently active function For example if you output a 1 MHz sine wave and then change the function to triangle wave the function generator will adjust the output to 100 kHz the upper limit for triangle waves From the front panel FREQ LIMIT is displayed and the frequency is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the frequency is adjusted e Possible Conflict with Output Amplitude The output amplitude is automatically adjusted if you select a function whose maximum amplitude is less than that of the currently active function This conflict may arise when the output units are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the output functions For example if you output a 5 Vrms square wave into 50 ohms and then change the function to sine wave the function generator will adjust the output amplitude
84. re the function generator for use and help you get familiar with some of the front panel operations The front panel has two rows of keys to select various functions and operations Most keys have a shifted function printed in blue above the key To perform a shifted function press Shift the Shift annun ciator will turn on Then press the key that has the desired label above it For example to select the AM amplitude modulation function press Shift AM the shifted version of the VU key If you accidentally press Shift just press it again to turn off the Shift annunciator Most keys also have a number printed in green next to the key To enable the number mode press Enter Number the Num annunciator will turn on Then press the keys that have the desired numbers printed next to them For example to select the number 10 press Enter Number 1 0 next to the and Recall keys If you accidentally press Enter Number just press Shift Cancel to turn off the Num annunciator 14 Chapter 1 Quick Start To prepare the function generator for use To prepare the function generator for use The following steps help you verify that the function generator is ready for use Check the list of supplied items Verify that you have received the following items with your function generator If anything is missing conta
85. requency The function generator will accept an internal modulating signal an external modulating signal or both Modulating frequency internal source 10 mHz to 20 kHz The default is 100 Hz The sync signal for AM is referenced to the modulating signal not the carrier A momentary TTL high pulse gt 200 ns is output at each zero crossing point of the modulating signal The signal is output from the front panel SYNC terminal Front Panel Operation Press Shift Freq to set the modulating frequency the value is displayed for approximately 10 seconds Before setting the modulating frequency from the front panel you must have AM enabled If you attempt to set the frequency when AM is not enabled SELECT AM FM is displayed Remote Interface Operation AM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum Modulation Depth The modulation depth is expressed as a percentage and represents the extent of the amplitude variation At 0 modulation the output amplitude is half of the selected value At 100 modulation the output amplitude equals the selected value Modulation depth 0 to 120 The default is 100 Front Panel Operation Press Shift Level to set the depth in percent the value is displayed for approximately 10 seconds Before setting the modulation depth from the front panel you must have AM enabled If you attempt to set the depth when AM is not enab
86. rom the queue If no errors have occurred when you read the error queue the function generator responds with 0 No error e The error queue is cleared when power has been off or after a CLS clear status command has been executed The RST reset command does not clear the error queue e Front Panel Operation 3 ERROR SYS MENU If the ERROR annunciator is on press Shift lt Recall Menu to read the errors stored in the queue The errors are listed horizontally on the PARAMETER level All errors are cleared when you go to the PARAMETER level and then turn off the menu First error in queue Error code e Remote Interface Operation SYSTem ERRor Reads one error from the error queue Errors have the following format the error string may contain up to 80 characters 113 Undefined header 110 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Self Test A power on self test occurs automatically when you turn on the function generator This limited test assures you that the function generator is operational A complete self test runs a series of tests and takes approximately 10 seconds to execute If all tests pass you can have a high confidence that the function generator is fully operational If the complete self test is successful PASS is displayed on the front panel If the self test fails FAIL is displayed and the ERROR annuncia
87. s are used for the triggered burst mode only e The Ext annunciator turns on when the function generator is waiting for the external gate signal e Front Panel Operation 7 BURST SRC MOD MENU e Remote Interface Operation BM SOURce INTernal EXTernal 83 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Modulation To Select Burst Modulation e The Burst annunciator turns on when burst modulation is enabled e Only one modulation mode can be enabled at a time When you enable the burst mode the previous modulation mode is turned off e Front Panel Operation Enable burst modulation before you set up the other modulation parameters Press Shift Burst to output the burst using the present settings for the carrier frequency output amplitude and offset voltage e Remote Interface Operation To ensure proper operation you should enable the burst mode after you have set up the other modulation parameters BM STATe OFF ON Burst Carrier Frequency The carrier frequency defines the repetition rate of the burst waveform in the triggered and external gated modes In the triggered mode the number of cycles specified by the burst count are output at the frequency of the carrier signal In the external gated mode the carrier frequency is output when the external gate signal is true TTL high Keep in mind that the carrier frequency is different than the burst rate which specifies the interval betwee
88. s a string in the form YYYY V where the Y s represent the year of the version and the V represents a version number for that year for example 1993 0 117 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Overview Calibration Overview This section gives an overview of the calibration features of the function generator For a more detailed discussion of the calibration procedures see chapter 4 in the Service Guide Calibration Security This feature allows you to enter a security code to prevent accidental or unauthorized calibrations of the function generator When you first receive your function generator it is secured Before you can calibrate the function generator you must unsecure it by entering the correct security code e The security code is set to HP033120 when the function generator is shipped from the factory The security code is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset e To secure the function generator from the remote interface the security code may contain up to 12 alphanumeric characters as shown below The first character must be a letter but the remaining characters can be letters or numbers You do not have to use all 12 characters but the first character must always be a letter A 12 characters e To secure the function generator from the remote interface so that it can be unsecured from the front panel
89. s disabled when in remote e Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce EXTernal 100 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Software Bus Triggering The bus trigger mode is available only from the remote interface This mode is similar to the single trigger mode from the front panel but you trigger the function generator by sending a bus trigger command The function generator outputs one burst or initiates one sweep each time the trigger command is received e To select the bus trigger source send the following command TRIGGER SOURCE BUS e To trigger the function generator from the remote interface HP IB or RS 232 send the TRG trigger command e You can also trigger the function generator from the HP IB interface by sending the IEEE 488 Group Execute Trigger GET message The following statement shows how to send a GET using HP BASIC TRIGGER 710 Group Execute Trigger e The following statement shows how to send a trigger from the HP IB interface using the HP IB Command Library for C or QuickBASIC IOTRIGGER 710 101 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Ext Trig FSK Burst Input Terminal Ext Trig INPUT FSK Burst 5V 5v OV gt 1us This terminal is used in the following modes e Triggered Sweep Mode Press Single or execute TRIG SOUR EXT from the remote interface to enable the triggered sweep mode sweeps must be enabled When
90. s now assigned to the Arb key Whenever you press this key the selected arbitrary waveform is output You can also use the knob to scroll left or right through the choices in the list See Front Panel Number Entry on page 3 for more information 23 Enter Number 1 5 5 Shift Lv kHz m Vrms i 2 a Chapter 1 Quick Start To output a dc voltage To output a dc voltage In addition to generating waveforms you can also output a dc voltage in the range 5 Vdc into a 50Q termination The following steps show you how to output 155 mVdc Press the Offset key and hold it down for more than 2 seconds To enter the dc voltage mode press the Offset key or any key in the top row of function keys and hold it down for more than 2 seconds The displayed voltage is either the power on value or the previous offset voltage selected 0 000 VDC iw Q i Enter the magnitude of the desired voltage Qt Notice that the Num annunciator turns on and ENTER NUM flashes on the display indicating that the number mode is enabled 155 To cancel the number mode press Shift Cancel Set the units to the desired value At this point the function generator outputs the displayed de voltage Notice that the Offset annunciator turns on all other annunciators are off indicating that a dc voltage is being output The annunciator will turn on wh
91. st rate or sweep time This is the power on trigger source for both front panel and remote interface use To select the internal trigger source from the remote interface use the following command The APPLy command automatically sets the trigger source to IMMediate TRIGGER SOURCE IMMEDIATE 99 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Single Triggering In the single trigger mode front panel only you can manually trigger the function generator by pressing the front panel Single key The function generator outputs one burst or initiates one sweep each time you press the key The Trig annunciator turns on when the function generator is waiting for a single trigger The front panel Single key is disabled when in remote External Triggering In this trigger mode the function generator will accept a hardware trigger applied to the Ext Trig terminal The function generator outputs one burst or initiates one sweep each time Ext Trig receives the rising edge of a TTL pulse See also Ext Trig FSK Burst Input Terminal on page 102 e Front Panel Operation The external trigger mode is like the single trigger mode except that you apply the trigger to the Ext Trig terminal Pressing Single to enable the single trigger mode also enables the external trigger mode The Trig annunciator turns on when the function generator is waiting for an external trigger The front panel Single key i
92. t MAX VALUE The value you specified on the PARAMETER level is too large for the selected command The maximum value allowed is displayed for you to edit EXITING You will see this message if you turn off the menu by pressing Shift Menu On Off or Shift Cancel You did not edit any values on the PARAMETER level and changes were NOT saved NOTENTERED You will see this message if you turn off the menu by pressing Shift Menu On Off or Shift Cancel You did some editing of parameters but the changes were NOT saved Press the Enter key Menu Enter to save changes made on the PARAMETER level 34 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation A front panel menu tutorial Menu Example 1 The following steps show you how to turn on the menu move up and down between levels move across the choices on each level and turn off the menu In this example you will enable the function generator to automatically recall the power down state when power is turned on Shift 1 Turn on the menu Menu On Off You enter the menu on the MENUS level The MOD MENU is your first choice on this level A MOD MENU gt l gt gt 2 Move across to the SYS MENU choice on this level There are six menu group choices available on the MENUS level Each choice has a letter prefix for easy identification A B etc D SYS
93. t 2ppm C lt 10ppm yr 70 dBc 60 dBc 45 dBc 35 dBc lt 0 04 lt 65 dBc lt 65 dBc 6 dB octave lt 55 dBc in a 30 kHz band SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS Square wave Rise Fall Time Overshoot Asymmetry Duty Cycle Triangle Ramp Arb Rise Fall Time Linearity Settling Time Jitter lt 20 ns lt 4 1 5 ns 20 to 80 to 5 MHz 40 to 60 to 15 MHz 100 ns_ typical lt 0 1 of peak output lt 250 ns to 0 5 of final value lt 25ns OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Amplitude into 509 2 Accuracy at 1 kHz Flatness lt 100 kHz 100 kHz to 1 MHz 1 MHz to 15 MHz 1 MHz to 15 MHz Offset into 500 3 Accuracy Output Impedance Resolution Output Units Isolation Protection 50 mVpp 10 Vpp 1 of specified output sine wave relative to 1 kHz 1 0 1 dB 1 5 0 15 dB 2 0 2 dB Ampl gt 3Vrms 3 5 0 3 dB Ampl lt 3Vrms 5 Vpk ac dc 2 of setting 2 mV 50 ohms fixed 3 digits Amplitude and Offset Vpp Vrms dBm 42 Vpk maximum to earth Short circuit protected 15 Vpk overdrive lt 1 minute 1 Add 1 10th of output amplitude and offset specification per C for operation outside of 18 C to 28 C range 1 year specification 2 100 mVpp 20 Vpp amplitude into open circuit load 3 Offset lt 2 X peak to peak amplitude 4 For square wave outputs add 2 of output amplitude additional error 298
94. t in arbitrary waveforms stored in non volatile memory You can also download up to four user defined waveforms into non volatile memory Each waveform can contain between 8 and 16 000 data points Refer to chapter 7 Tutorial for more information on the internal operation of downloading and outputting an arbitrary waveform Creating and Storing an Arbitrary Waveform This section gives an example which shows you how to create and store an arbitrary waveform from the front panel To download an arbitrary waveform from the remote interface see Arbitrary Waveform Commands starting on page 174 For this example you will create and store a pulse waveform containing 400 points Shift Menu On Off en Turn on the menu A MOD MENU gt gt 2 Move across to the EDIT MENU choice on this level C EDIT MENU v 3 Move down a level to the NEW ARB command There are seven command choices available in the EDIT MENU However you can access only two of the choices NEW ARB and DELETE until you either clear volatile memory or load an existing user defined waveform 1 NEW ARB 103 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Arbitrary Waveforms Lv 4 Move down a level to the PARAMETER choices The first parameter choice is CLEAR MEM for the NEW ARB command If you have previously downloaded any user defined waveforms you will also see commands like GE
95. ta SEGAL Te default amplitude is 100 mVpp into 50 ohms for all functions Output Minimum Maximum Function Termination Amplitude Amplitude Sine 502 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Square 502 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Triangle 502 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Ramp 502 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Noise 509 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Built In Arbs 1 500 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Sine Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Square Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Triangle Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Ramp Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Noise Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Built In Arbs 1 Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp 1 There are five built in arbitrary waveforms stored in non volatile memory sinc negative ramp exponential rise exponential fall and cardiac For arbitrary waveforms the maximum amplitude will be limited if the data points do not span the full range of the output DAC Digital to Analog Converter For example the built in SINC waveform does not use the full range of values between 1 and therefore its maximum amplitude is 6 084 Vpp into 50 ohms Possible Conflict with Function Change The output amplitude is automatically adjusted if you select a function whose maximum amplitude is less than that of the currently active function This conflict may arise when the output units are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the output functions For example if you output a 5 Vrms square wave into 50 ohms and then change the function to sine wave the function generator wil
96. terface reset When switching from remote programming over the interface back to front panel local operation the output units are remembered For example if you select Vrms from the remote interface the units are shown as Vrms on the front panel display Front Panel Operation Use the Enter Number units keys the arrow keys located on the right side of the front panel to select the output units You can also convert from one unit to another from the front panel For example to convert 2 Vpp to its equivalent value in Vrms press the following keys Enter Number v gee The converted value is 707 1 mVrms Remote Interface Operation VOLTage UNIT VPP VRMS DBM DEFault 64 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Applies only to output amplitude and offset voltage You can specify whether you are terminating the output into a 50 ohm load or an open circuit Incorrect impedance matching between the function generator and your load will result in an amplitude or offset which does not match the specified signal level Output termination 509 or High impedance See the table on page 59 for a list of amplitude limits for all functions The output termination setting is stored in volatile memory 50Q is selected when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The amplitude or dc offset is automatically adjusted and no error is generated if you change t
97. the Swp annunciator turns on Use the menu to select the start frequency After you enable the sweep mode the recall menu key will automatically take you to the START F command in the SWP MENU 49 Enter Shift lt Recall Menu Enter Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output a frequency sweep 4 Move down a level and set the start frequency to 50 Hz Notice that the Swp annunciator flashes indicating that the displayed parameter is for the sweep mode For more information on editing numbers in the menu refer to Menu Example 3 earlier in this chapter A50 00 Hz 5 Save the change and turn off the menu The start frequency is now set to 50 Hz 6 Use recall menu to return to the START F command The recall menu key returns you to the START F command which was the last command used before you exited the menu 1 START F 7 Move across to the STOP F command 2 STOP F 8 Move down a level and set the stop frequency to 5 kHz A5 000 KHz 9 Save the change and turn off the menu At this point the function generator outputs a continuous sweep from 50 Hz to 5 kHz You can generate one frequency sweep by pressing the Single key or applying a trigger pulse to the rear panel Ext Trig terminal For more information see To trigger a burst or sweep on the next page oO Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To trigger a burst or sweep
98. the fundamentals of Burst Modulation refer to chapter 7 Tutorial You can use burst modulation in the following two modes The function generator enables one burst mode at a time based on the trigger source and burst source that you select see the table below e Triggered Burst Mode In this mode the function generator outputs a waveform with a specified number of cycles burst count each time a trigger is received After the specified number of cycles has been output the function generator waits for the next trigger You can configure the function generator to accept an internal trigger or you can send the trigger externally by pressing the front panel Single key or by applying a trigger signal to the rear panel Ext Trig terminal At power on the internally triggered burst mode is enabled External Gated Burst Mode In this mode the output waveform is either on or off based on the level of the external signal applied to the rear panel Ext Trig terminal When the gate signal is true the function generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal is false the output is turned off Trigger Source Burst Source Burst Count Burst Rate Burst Phase TRIG SOUR BM SOUR BM NCYC BM INT RATE BM PHAS External Triggered Mode External Internal Available Not Used Available Internal Triggered Mode Internal Internal Available Available Available External Gated Mode Internal External Not Used Not
99. the rising edge of a TTL pulse is received on the Ext Trig terminal the function generator outputs a single sweep The Trig annunciator turns on when the function generator is waiting for a trigger e Externally Modulated FSK Mode To enable the externally modulated mode select FSK SRC EXT from the front panel MOD MENU or execute FSK SOUR EXT from the remote interface when FSK is enabled When a low TTL level is present the FSK carrier frequency is output When a high TTL level is present the FSK hop frequency is output The Ext annunciator turns on when selected e Triggered Burst Mode Press Single or execute TRIG SOUR EXT from the remote interface to enable the triggered burst mode burst must be enabled When the rising edge of a TTL pulse is received the function generator outputs a burst waveform with the specified number of cycles The Trig annunciator turns on when the function generator is waiting for a trigger e External Gated Burst Mode To enable the external gated mode select BURST SRC EXT GATED from the front panel MOD MENU or execute BM SOUR EXT from the remote interface when burst is enabled When a high TTL level is present the function generator outputs the carrier waveform When a low TTL level is present the output is disabled The Ext annunciator turns on when selected 102 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Arbitrary Waveforms Arbitrary Waveforms There are five buil
100. ting frequency to 200 Hz Notice that the AM annunciator flashes indicating that the displayed frequency is the modulating frequency for AM Also notice that the modulating frequency is displayed with fewer digits than the carrier frequency For more information on editing numbers in the menu refer to Menu Example 3 earlier in this chapter MOD 200 0 Hz Dy Nee This message appears on the display for approximately 10 seconds Repeat this step as needed Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output a modulated waveform Shift Level 7 Set the modulation depth to 80 Notice that the AM annunciator flashes indicating that the displayed percentage is the AM depth also called percent modulation 080 DEPTH T Ney This message appears on the display for approximately 10 seconds Repeat this step as needed At this point the function generator outputs the AM waveform with the specified modulation parameters 43 Shift FSK Shift lt Recall Menu i 2 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To output an FSK waveform To output an FSK waveform You can configure the function generator to shift its output frequency between two preset values using FSK frequency shift keying modulation The rate at which the output shifts between the two frequencies called the carrier frequency and the hop frequency is determined by the inter
101. tion generator s address to any value between 0 and 30 The current address is displayed momentarily on the front panel when you turn on the function generator The address is set to 10 when the function generator is shipped from the factory The HP IB address can be set from the front panel only e The address is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset e Your HP IB bus controller has its own address Be sure to avoid using the bus controller s address for any instrument on the interface bus Hewlett Packard controllers generally use address 21 e Front Panel Operation 1 HPIB ADDR I O MENU See also To set the HP IB address on page 217 114 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Remote Interface Selection The function generator is shipped with both an HP IB IEEE 488 interface and an RS 232 interface Only one interface can be enabled at a time The HP IB interface is selected when the function generator is shipped from the factory The remote interface can be selected from the front panel only e The interface selection is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset e Ifyou select the HP IB interface you must select a unique address for the function generator The current address is displayed momentarily on the front panel when you turn
102. tor turns on See the Service Guide for instructions on returning the function generator to Hewlett Packard for service Front Panel Operation 4 TEST SYS MENU Another way to perform the complete self test from the front panel is as follows Hold down Shift as you press the Power switch to turn on the function generator hold down the key for more than 5 seconds The self test will begin when you release the key Remote Interface Operation TST Returns 0 if the self test passes or 1 if it fails If the self test fails an error message is also generated with additional information on why the test failed 111 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Display Control To speed up the rate at which the function generator can make configuration changes or for security reasons you may want to turn off the front panel display From the remote interface you can also display a message containing up to 11 characters on the front panel The display can be enabled disabled from the remote interface only When the display is turned off output parameters are not sent to the display and all annunciators except ERROR and Shift are disabled Front panel operation is otherwise unaffected by turning off the display The display state is stored in volatile memory the display is always enabled when power has been off or after a remote interface reset You can display a message on the
103. use the eight character format shown below The first two characters must be HP and the remaining characters must be numbers Only the last six characters are recognized from the front panel but all eight characters are required To unsecure the function generator from the front panel omit the HP and enter the remaining characters as shown on the following pages H P 8 characters 118 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Overview To Unsecure for Calibration You can unsecure the function generator for calibration either from the front panel or over the remote interface The function generator is secured when shipped from the factory and the security code is set to HP033120 e Front Panel Operation 1 SECURED CAL MENU If the function generator is secured you will see the above command when you go into the CAL MENU If you move across the COMMANDS level in the menu you will notice that the CALIBRATE command is hidden when the function generator is secured To unsecure the function generator go to the PARAMETER level of the SECURED command enter the security code and then press Enter A000000 CODE When you go to the COMMANDS level in the CAL MENU again you will notice that the function generator is unsecured Notice also that the CALIBRATE command is no longer hidden and you can perform a calibration 1 UNSECURED e
104. value that is not valid the function generator will automatically adjust the carrier frequency to equal the present deviation From the front panel MAX VALUE is displayed and the deviation is adjusted From the remote interface a 221 Settings conflict error is generated and the deviation is adjusted e Front Panel Operation Press the Freq key to select any valid frequency for the selected function the present amplitude and offset voltage are used e Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 78 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Modulating Waveform Shape The function generator will accept only an internal modulating signal e Modulating waveform shape internal source Sine Square Triangle Ramp Noise or Arbitrary waveform The default is Sine e You can use the noise function as the modulating waveform However you cannot use the noise function or dc volts as the carrier waveform e Front Panel Operation After enabling FM press Recall Menu to go directly to the FM SHAPE command in the menu 3 FM SHAPE MOD MENU e Remote Interface Operation FM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare TRIangle RAMP NOISe USER Modulating Waveform Frequency The function generator will accept only an internal modulating signal e Modulating frequency internal source 10 mHz to 10 kHz The default is 10 Hz e The sync signal for FM
105. waveform In FM the frequency of the carrier is varied by the amplitude of the modulating waveform The function generator will accept only an internal FM modulating signal no external source is available For more information on the fundamentals of Frequency Modulation refer to chapter 7 Tutorial To Select FM Modulation e The FM annunciator turns on when FM is enabled e Only one modulation mode can be enabled at a time When you enable FM the previous modulation mode is turned off e Front Panel Operation Enable FM before setting up the other modulation parameters Press Shift FM to output an FM waveform using the present settings for the carrier frequency modulating frequency output amplitude and offset voltage e Remote Interface Operation To ensure proper operation you should enable FM after you have set up the other modulation parameters FM STATe OFF ON 76 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Carrier Waveform Shape e FM carrier shape Sine Square Triangle Ramp or Arbitrary waveform The default is Sine e You cannot use the noise function or dc volts as the carrier waveform e Front Panel Operation Press any of the front panel function keys except Noise For arbitrary waveforms the waveform that is currently downloaded e Remote Interface Operation Arb key selects the FUNCtion SHAPe SINusoid SQUare TRIangle RAMP USER

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