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MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator User's Guide

1. FIGURE 13 16 JTAG ADAPTOR BOARD SCHEMATICS PART 1 J1 3 3V 1 12 3 4 SDO 5 6 E DATA EN 7 Ia 5V 1P70 CLK EN 9 10 11 12 1 SDi 13 14 H OTPS5 TP40 15 16 DRVR_IRQ SCK 17 48 NSYS RST PVPP 19 20 UTIL SDA PVDD 77 UTIL_SCL BTMS VDD SENSE DRVR_INS 25 26 AUX2 TMS EN TP30 AUX1_EN 27 28 OTP2 TP10 AUX2_EN 29 30 z MB1 130_PCBMATE 5V C13 01 TE TOV PCB Type 0x04 eng 1 ppo P22 wk 1 R21 10k o El Ro OO 10 dei UTIL_SCL a D WA UTIL_SDA 1D3 R19 Au 10k ay OV_RST 0 1 5V VDD ON U5 VPP ON VDD_EMSRC ICSP OC EN SCR LVP EN LVP TDO EN TDI EN TCK EN DRVR_IRQ MCP23017_SSOP28 JTAG IFC J4 EJTAG IFC MOLVREE o lt J2 TDI E TRST_N TMS 2l Thi CTCK z TDO sa TMS TDO r TCK MCLR_N e MCLR_N I VIO_VREF 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 127 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE FIGURE 13 17 JTAG ADAPTOR BOARD SCHEMATICS PART 2 pls PVDD Te ules SE 0 1 ER 0 1 PTCI PTC MICROSMD R93 SDO N We TDI 50mA 33 74LVC1T45 Y PVDD 1 c3 la Sp 0 1 T 0 1 PTC4 PTC MICROSMD Ge n WMA TDO 50mA 33 5V Les la To Te PTC2 PTC MICROSMD R18 yi AW TCK 50mA Ge PVDD
2. SN65MLVD206 eS 3 3V 3 3 3 CUSPIC 4 me K CLK POWER 2 100 10K 6 4 10K 0 1uF CUSPIC FE _ 1L L SN65MLVD206 o NS 13 3 3 LVDS Cables and Target Pinout The emulator to target cable length for proper operation has been tested for this driver receiver board combination and is shipped in the Performance Pak The recom mended lengths are 3 feet with a maximum of 10 feet FIGURE 13 7 LVDS CABLE l A Pin 1 Pin 8 The target board should have the following 8 pin connection pin out to plug in to the receiver board FIGURE 13 8 8 PIN HEADER PINOUT AT TARGET Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 1 VPP Power 5 ICSPCLK Standard Com Clock 2 VDD_TGT Power on target 6 AUX Auxiliary 3 GND Ground 7 DAT Trace Data 4 ICSPDAT Standard Com Data 8 CLK Trace Clock Optional see Section 3 6 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed LVDS Connection 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 119 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 13 4 MPLAB REAL ICE ISOLATOR UNIT OPTO ISOLATOR The MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit AC244005 is a useful accessory to the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system The isolator enables connectivity for AC line and high voltage applications not referenced to ground Typically these are consumer applications such as light dimmers vacuum c
3. PTC3 PTC MICROSMD ve ae TMS TMS_EN DS52085A page 128 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Accessories FIGURE 13 18 JTAG ADAPTOR BOARD SCHEMATICS PART 3 VDD_SENSE VIO VREF TRI xl 5 0V SR TPS2049 10k Ko L F CSP OC gt PVDD PVDD S AQY212GS_S04 C11 012 R9 0 1 1 0 VDD_ON ah L 330 SE PVPP MCLR N S bel 5V c8 DR gy REVISION INFO 0 1 SR t T UTIL_SCL 24LC024 SOBN ADDRESS A2 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 129 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 13 6 OTHER ACCESSORIES For additional accessories for the emulator and other hardware tools such as Proces sor Extension Paks and Debug Headers see the Microchip website for MPLAB Emulator and Debugger Accessories DS52085A page 130 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Support INTRODUCTION Please refer to the items discussed here for support issues e Warranty Registration e myMicrochip Personalized Notification Service e The Microchip Web Site e Microchip Forums e Customer Support e About Microchip Technology WARRANTY REGISTRATION Registering your development tool entitles you to receive new product updates Interim software rel
4. USPIC R GND1GND2 GND1GND2 ADUM3402 SOl6 300 KH i HOT_USDO 11 HOT_USCK 9 R9 Je 15 10K 210K VV v DS52085A page 122 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Accessories FIGURE 13 13 ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC POWER 3 3V T R23 L1 D1 zv M pt C18 10uH CRS08 C25 10uF 6 3V 10 25V 1 2 5 6 Q1 R31 Ra S 11 7K 1 i SEI IRLMS2002_MICRO6 4 I MCP 1652 MSOP8 R28 4 22K 1 HOT_VDD x Ges Si bi HOT 5V AAA ORAA gt A C32 C30 05 10uH CRS08 2L 31 10uF 6 3V 0 1UF 7 10 25V VN HOTVDD 1 2 5 6 at mel M R37 J 11 7K 1 100K 3 IRLMS2002_MICRO6 4 HOT_VDD 7v MCP1652_MSOP8 R39 lt 7 4 22K 1 N7 5V 3 3V HOT VDD VDD TAR C17 C18 C1 C9 C12 C13 C28 L C10 C11 C15 C14 C29 0 1 0 1 T 0 1 0 1 E Eh 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 123 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE FIGURE 13 14 ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC VDD VPP MCLR VDD DETECT HOT_ 5V 1 MCP601 SOT 23 5L HOT um 5V A 500 IN gt 3 HOT VDD gt m La in VPD_TAR LOC110_8PFLATPK Z R13 90 9K 5
5. DS52085A page 68 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices 7 2 3 Runtime Watches and the Watch Window A runtime watch provides updating of a variable in the following windows during program execution instead of on halt e Watches Window gt Debugging menu e Memory Window gt PIC Memory Views menu To set up runtime watches 1 2 3 Build the project In the Projects window right click on the project name and select Build The project must be built to see the available symbols Select Window gt Debugging gt Watches to open the Watches window Right click in the window and select New Runtime Watch Select the symbol or SFR wish to watch in the New Run Time Watch window Click OK Right click on the project and select Properties to open the Project Properties dialog Then click on the Real ICE category and select the Clock option cate gory Enter instruction speed information Begin a debug session Debug gt Debug Project Watch variable values change in the Watch window Pause halt and open another window e g SFR containing the watched variable Continue the program again and watch the values change in this window a ED O 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 69 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 7 3 PIC32 INSTRUCTION TRACE This section will discuss trace for 32 bit devices and how to use it Not all PIC32 devic
6. R11 90 9K 5 MCP601_SOT 23_5L Z VPP NMCLR ADUM1100 7v 13 4 2 Third Party Isolator Support If the MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit does not fit your needs there are several third parties which provide isolators that work with Microchip devices such as Keterex See our website www microchip com for more details DS52085A page 124 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Accessories 13 5 MPLAB REAL ICE JTAG ADAPTOR BOARD The MPLAB REAL ICE JTAG Adaptor AC244007 may be used to provide JTAG communication between the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emultor and the target The kit contains a JTAG adaptor board ribbon cable and this insert 13 5 1 JTAG Support e The JTAG adaptor board is supported on MPLAB X IDE 1 60 and above The JTAG adaptor board supports all PIC32 devices e Only basic debug features are available when using JTAG Run Halt and Single Step No advanced features are available i e data capture runtime watches application in out DMA reads writer RTDM and instrumented trace 13 5 2 Switch from Standard Communications to JTAG To switch the hardware 1 While connected to the target using Standard Communications erase the target device You may need to add Erase Device Memory Main Project to a toolbar using View gt Toolbars gt Customize Note The target device MUST BE ERASED before switching from Standard Communica
7. use the Performance Pak AC244002 e High Speed Driver Board e High Speed Receiver Board e LVDS Cables and Target Pinout To use this type of communication with a debug header you will need a device specific Processor Pak which includes an 8 pin connector debug header containing the desired ICE ICD device and a standard adapter board 8 pin to 6 pin connection Note You will not need the standard adapter board for high speed communica tions Instead you will plug the 8 pin connector end of the high speed receiver board directly into the 8 pin connector of the debug header For more on available debug headers see the Processor Extension Pak and Header Specification DS51292 in Recommended Reading 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 115 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 13 3 1 High Speed Driver Board The high speed driver board consists of two separate multipoint LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signaling transmitters and receivers for clock and data Multipoint LVDS requires 100 ohm terminations at each driver output and receiver input per the stan dard and multipoint configurations type 2 receivers are used as these are intended for control signals or where fail safe provisions are needed Even though the standard allows for any combination of drivers receivers and or transceivers of up to 32 on the line only two will be used The driver board has a port expansion which is contr
8. A The port must be available on the device and not multiplexed with the currently used PGC and PGM pins Q Of the 7 data and one clock which one is the clock A There are 7 bits of data to set up to 128 trace points The clock is the MSB of the port Q Are these 1 0 ports used for trace available as general I O during debugging A For dsPIC30F 33F and PIC24F H devices you may write to the opposing 8 bit part of the port provided byte write operations are used The following example will write to the high side of the port only define high num BYTE amp num 1 define low num BYTE amp num 0 high PORTA 0x12 For PIC18 devices once the ports are defined to be used for trace you should not access them in your code DS52085A page 86 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Frequently Asked Questions FAQ 9 4 GENERAL ISSUES Q Performing a Verify fails after programming the device Is this a programming issue A If Run Run gt Run Project is selected the device will automatically run imme diately after programming Therefore if your code changes the flash memory verification could fail To prevent the code from running after programming please select Hold in Reset Q have set a breakpoint but my program doesn t stop there Why A Consider the following 1 Are you setting those breakpoint in Debug mode and then choosing Run Breakpoints are ineffective in Programmer mode 2
9. Features Chapter 4 General Setup SE 45 Chapter 5 Common Debug Functions nn 49 Chapter 6 Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices een 53 Chapter 7 Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices 67 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 43 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 44 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 4 General Setup 4 1 INTRODUCTION How to get started using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is discussed Installation and Setup Common Debug Features Emulator Specific Debug Features Quick Debug Program Reference Debugger Programmer Limitations 4 2 INSTALLATION AND SETUP Refer to the Help file Getting Started with MPLAB X IDE for details on installing the IDE and setting up the emulator to work with it In summary 1 2 3 pi 8 Install MPLAB X IDE Install the USB drivers as specified Connect to the PC For infomation on target and trace connections see Chapter 3 Operation Note The emulator CANNOT power a target board Install the language toolsuite compiler you want to use for development Launch MPLAB X IDE Use the New Project wizard File gt New Project to add your Real ICE emulator to your project Use the project Properties dialog Eile gt Project Properties to set up emulator optio
10. Part 2 Features Chapter 4 General Setup KN Nie tee 45 4 2 Installation and Setup ccc cece eee eecee cece cece tent eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeseeeeeeees 45 4 3 Common Debug Features ss 46 4 4 Emulator Specific Debug Features 46 4 5 Quick Debug Program Reference ccccccceeeeseseneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeees 47 4 6 Debugger Programmer Limitations 47 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 5 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Chapter 5 Common Debug Functions 5 A1 Introductions firent lan hr Fn Va Tp 49 9 2 Starting and Stopping Emulation oooooonnnooovovn nn 49 5 3 Viewing Processor Memory and Files nen 50 5 4 Breakpoints and Stopwatch nn 50 5 5 External Triggers Logic Frobesh ou elEEERdebEEdEESEREENEdNA ENEE taste 51 Chapter 6 Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices 6 1 Introduction Maintenir r a ARA 53 6 2 Data Capture and Runtime Watches nen 53 6 3 Instrumented Trace rocne a nen a ener 55 APG SAMPIAG see E Le ue E A 62 6 5 Application In Out cccccccccccecceccceccececeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeceeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeess 63 6 6 Additional Debug Features 2 cccceeeeeeeeneceeeeeeeeeseeeeeeneeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeenneneaes 65 Chapter 7 Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices 7 1 Introduction sas amenidnlie cos san la 67 7 2 Data Capture and Runtime Watches nn 67 7 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace ccccccccecccecceeccecece
11. MICROCHIP MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide For MPLAB X IDE DS52085A Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature All of these methods to our knowledge require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip s Data Sheets Most likely the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as unbreakable Code protection is constantly evolving We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products Attempts to break Microchip s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work you may have a right to sue for relief unde
12. 2 Use a 10KO pull down resistor for noise reduction As in Section 3 5 4 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Functioning do not use pull up or pull down resistors capacitors or diodes on port pins except as specified For more on this type of trace see Section 6 3 3 3 I O Port Trace DS52085A page 36 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Operation 3 6 4 PIC32 Instruction Trace Connections PIC32 Instruction Trace is only available for PIC32 MCU devices Also only some PIC32 MCU devices have the trace feature Consult your device data sheet for details To use this trace you will need the following hardware e PIC32 Plug In Module PIM containing a device that supports trace and a trace port e PIC32 Trace Interface Kit containing a 12 inch trace cable and a trace adapter board If you do not have a trace cable you can use the logic probes Connect them as below TABLE 3 5 LOGIC PROBE CONNECTIONS Logic Probe Port Pins 1 PIM Trace Pins 2 No Name No Name 4 TCLK 1 TRCLK 12 EXTO TRIG1 3 TRDO 11 EXT1 TRIG2 5 TRD1 10 EXT2 TRIG3 7 TRD2 9 EXT3 TRIG4 9 TRD3 Note 1 For more information see Section 12 4 4 Logic Probe External Trigger Interface 2 For more information see Section 7 3 4 Trace Hardware Specifications To use the PIC32 Instruction Trace feature see Section 7 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace FIGURE 3 12 PIC32 TRACE CONN
13. 7 2 2 Runtime Watches and DMCI For devices without data capture the runtime watch can provide data polling to the following e Data Monitoring and Control Interface DMCI Plug in To install the DMCI plug in 1 Select Tools gt Plugins The Plugins window will open 2 Click on the Available Plugins tab 3 Find DMCI and check the checkbox next to it 4 Click Install and follow the screens See also the Add Plug in Tools in the Additional Tasks section of the MPLAB X IDE help file To set up runtime watches 1 Build the project In the Projects window right click on the project name and select Build The project must be built to see the available symbols 2 Select Window gt Debugging gt Watches to open the Watches window 3 Right click in the window and select New Runtime Watch Select the symbol or SFR wish to watch in the New Run Time Watch window Click OK 4 Right click on the project and select Properties to open the Project Properties dialog Then click on the Real ICE category and select the Clock option category Enter instruction speed information 5 Select Tools gt Embedde gt DMCI gt DMCI Window to open the DMCI dialog 6 Setup the DMCI for this runtime watch See the DMCI help file for details Help gt Help Contents Plug In Tools section 7 Begin a debug session Debug gt Debug Project Input data using DMCI controls or view data in a DMCI graphical window
14. Are these breakpoints part of a sequence Remember sequence breakpoints will only halt execution if they are followed in the exact sequence 3 Are these breakpoints part of PIC32 instruction trace triggers Once you choose them as trace triggers they are not functional breakpoints anymore See Section 7 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace for more information 4 Are you seeing breakpoint skid See next question 5 Finally your program may not have executed the instruction at which you wish to break Try setting a breakpoint earlier in your code and single step from there to see the actual code flow executed by the device Q can t set a breakpoint on a particular line of code Why A MPLAB IDE will allow setting breakpoints only on executable code Example 1 The line you are trying to break on may have been optimized out by the compiler In that case try turning optimizations off Example 2 The line you are trying to break on may be a compiler directive and not actual code Q didn t set a breakpoint yet have one in my code What s going on A What you are seeing is a phantom breakpoint Occasionally a breakpoint can become enabled when it shouldn t be Simply disable or delete the breakpoint You may need to go to the disassembly window to do so or simply right click and choose delete all breakpoints If this does not work try closing and reopening the disassembly window Q Can luse the debugger with optimized code A
15. Check your Configuration bits setting for code protection 7 You have not programmed your part in Debug mode 8 You are trying to debug a production device that doesn t have debugging capa bilities Use a debug header instead See Processor Extension Pak and Header Specification DS51292 in Recommended Reading 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 81 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 9 The target application has somehow become corrupted or contains errors Try rebuilding and reprogramming the target application Then initiate a Power On Reset of the target 10 You do not have the correct PGC PGD pin pairs programmed in your Configuration bits for devices with multiple PGC PGD pin pairs 11 Other configuration settings are interfering with debugging Any configuration setting that would prevent the target from executing code will also prevent the emulator from putting the code into debug mode 12 Brown out Detect voltage is greater than the operating voltage VDD This means the device is in Reset and cannot be debugged 13 You have not followed the guidelines in Chapter 3 for communication connections 14 The emulator cannot always perform the action requested For example it cannot debug when in Run mode 8 4 OTHER THINGS TO CONSIDER 1 Itis possible the error was a one time glitch Try the operation again 2 There may be a problem programming in general As a test switch to progr
16. Erase All Before Program Check to erase all memory before programming begins Unless programming new or already erased devices it is important to have this box checked If not checked the device is not erased and program code will be merged with the code already in the device For Programmer Settings only PIC 12F 16F 1xxx devices e For the LVP configuration bit set to Low voltage programming enabled you may program in either high voltage default or low voltage enabled here e For the LVP configuration bit set to High voltage on MCLR Vpp must be used for programming you may only program in high voltage Program Options Enable Low Voltage Programming 11 3 7 Firmware Select and load emulator firmware MPLAB X IDE automatically downloads the correct firmware for your project Only change this setting if you are having issues TABLE 11 8 FIRMWARE OPTION CATEGORY Use Latest Firmware Check to use the latest firmware Uncheck to select the firmware version below Click in the right hand text box to search for a firm ware file jam to associate with the emulator lt install path gt MPLABX mplab ide mplablibs modules ext REALICE Firmware File jar S ZOE 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 105 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 11 3 8 Memories to Program Select the memories to be programmed into the target TABLE 11 9 MEMORIES TO
17. Incorporated in the U S A Silicon Storage Technology is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Inc in other countries Analog for the Digital Age Application Maestro BodyCom chipK IT chipKIT logo CodeGuard dsPICDEM dsPICDEM net dsPICworks dsSPEAK ECAN ECONOMONITOR FanSense HI TIDE In Circuit Serial Programming ICSP Mindi MiWi MPASM MPF MPLAB Certified logo MPLIB MPLINK mTouch Omniscient Code Generation PICC PICC 18 PICDEM PICDEM net PICKIt PICtail REAL ICE rfLAB Select Mode SQI Serial Quad I O Total Endurance TSHARC UniWinDriver WiperLock ZENA and Z Scale are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U S A and other countries SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U S A GestlC and ULPP are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Germany II GmbH amp Co amp KG a subsidiary of Microchip Technology Inc in other countries All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated Printed in the U S A All Rights Reserved G Printed on recycled paper ISBN 978 1 62076 490 9 Microchip received ISO TS 16949 2009 certification for its worldwide headquarters design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe Arizona Gresham Oregon and design centers in California and India The Company s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC M
18. S ZOE n 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 89 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Q accidentally disconnected my emulator while firmware was downloading What do I do now A Reconnect the emulator It will begin to erase what had been written so it can restart This erasing will take about 75 seconds 1 15 mins Please be patient You will see the orange busy light turn on for about 25 seconds the light turn red for about another 25 seconds the light turn orange again for about another 25 seconds When it turns back to red again MPLAB IDE will recognize the device and start the recovery process i e begin firmware download Q My memory window does not reflect changes A In order to see changes in the window you must do a read of the memory Q I don t see my problem here Now what A Try the following resources Section 3 10 Resources Used by the Emulator Section 10 2 Error Messages Section 10 3 General Corrective Actions DS52085A page 90 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 10 Messages 10 1 INTRODUCTION The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator produces many different output messages Some are error messages many of which can often be resolved with general corrective actions And some are informational only e Error Messages General Corrective Actions e Information
19. 1 Device memory does not need to be erased in this case Note The target device DOES NOT NEED TO BE ERASED before switching from JTAG communications to Standard Communications 2 Power down the target board 3 Disconnect the JTAB ribbon cable from the target disconnect the USB cable from the emulator and unplug the JTAB adaptor board from the emulator 4 Connect one end of the Standard Communications cable to the connector on the Standard driver board and insert the board into the emulator driver board slot 5 Connect the other end of the modular cable to the connector on a target board such as the Microchip Explorer 16 development board 6 Connect the USB cable to the emulator and power the target board To set up MPLAB X IDE for Standard Communications operation 1 Select File gt Project Properties In the Project Properties dialog click on your desired configuration e g Conf default 2 Click on the down arrow on the Supported Plugin Board dropdown box and select None Click OK to accept the setup 13 5 4 Switch between High Speed Communications and JTAG Switching between High Speed LVDS Communications and JTAG communications is the same as switching between Standard Communications and JTAG communications DS52085A page 126 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Accessories
20. AT TARGET Top of Target Board Used for optional SPI trace capability See Section 3 6 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed LVDS Connection DS52085A page 32 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Operation 3 5 3 Target Connection Circuitry Figure 3 8 shows the interconnections of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator to the connector on the target board The diagram also shows the wiring from the connec tor to a device on the target PC board A pull up resistor typically 10 kQ is recom mended to be connected from the VPP MCLR line to VDD so that the line may be strobed low to reset the device FIGURE 3 8 STANDARD CONNECTION TO TARGET CIRCUITRY Emulator Pod VDD XTAL VPP MCLR PGC PGD Vss W N DI ra z 9 7A 5 ra AVDD AVss U MA Target device must be running with an oscillator for the emulator to function as a debugger If the device has AVDD and AVSS lines they must be connected for the emulator to operate In the following descriptions only three lines are active and relevant to core emulator operation pins 1 VPP MCLR 5 PGC and 4 PGD Pins 2 VDD and 3 Vss are shown on the above diagram for completeness but are only sensed not provided or controlled by the emulator Be aware that the target VDD is sensed by the emulator to allow level translation for tar get low voltage operation and to detect a device If the emulato
21. Native trace and impacts code size less It can also be used on many devices that do not have Native trace See the online help Device and Feature Support In order to use the SPI trace what is the hardware connection A For serial SPI port trace the device SPI SDO serial data output and SCK serial clock are required These pins must be connected respectively to the DAT and CLK pin interface on the Performance Pak receiver board See Section 3 6 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed LVDS Connection for more information 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 85 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Q For SPI trace which two pins are used A The pins are SDO Serial Data Output gt DAT pin 7 SCK Serial Clock Output gt CLK pin 8 Q What are the correct port settings to use SPI trace i e mode sync async etc A The setup is taken care of by MPLAB IDE so you will not need to be con cerned about the code reguired for setting this Trace will support 64 trace points and 128 log points SPI Comm Protocol MODE clock high sampled falling edge Q What is the correct connection for using I O Port parallel port trace A The connection varies depending on the PORT used There are port assign ments in MPLAB IDE that are displayed when the PORT is selected in the prop erty sheet See Section 3 6 3 I O Port Trace Connections for more information Q Can we use any port
22. Processing Unit Cross Reference File A file that references a table of symbols and a list of files that references the symbol If the symbol is defined the first file listed is the location of the definition The remaining files contain references to the symbol Data Directives Data directives are those that control the assembler s allocation of program or data memory and provide a way to refer to data items symbolically that is by meaningful names Data Memory On Microchip MCU and DSC devices data memory RAM is comprised of General Purpose Registers GPRs and Special Function Registers SFRs Some devices also have EEPROM data memory Debugger Hardware that performs debugging Debugger System The Debugger systems include the pod processor module device adapter target board cables and MPLAB X IDE software Debugging Information Compiler and assembler options that when selected provide varying degrees of infor mation that is used to debug application code See compiler or assembler documenta tion for details on selecting debug options Deprecated Features Features that are still supported for legacy reasons but will eventually be phased out and no longer used Device Programmer A tool used to program electrically programmable semiconductor devices such as microcontrollers Digital Signal Controller A microcontroller device with digital signal processing capability i e Microchip dsPIC DSC devic
23. Trace 1 2 3 Debug Run Debug gt Debug Project your application Pause the application View the trace data in the Trace window Window gt Debugging gt Trace For each __ TRACE macro the line of code following the macro will appear in the trace win dow each time it is passed For each LOG macro the selected variable in the line of code following the macro will appear in the trace window each time it is passed Note To trace multiple lines of code or variables you must place a macro before each line variable that you wish to trace Repeat these steps each time you change a trace point 6 3 6 Tracing Tips When using TRACE and LOG macros in your code consider the following Focus on one area of an application and place TRACE and LOG macros so that they form a flow in the Trace window That way you can follow the execution flow and debug the application based on missing incorrect trace points or an abrupt end to the trace flow Use TRACE and LOG macros with conditional statements in your code to aid in debugging Example When a variable reaches a certain value start logging it If var gt 5 __LOG ID var Leave TRACE and LOG macros in your code for future debugging if this is allowable For Project Properties dialog REAL ICE Category Trace Options Cat egory page select Disable Trace Macros S ZOE EE a 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 59 Emulator U
24. a program These pieces include function names variable names section names file names struct enum union tag names etc Symbols in MPLAB X IDE refer mainly to variable names function names and assembly labels The value of a symbol after linking is its value in memory Symbol Absolute Represents an immediate value such as a definition through the assembly egu directive DS52085A page 154 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary System Window Control The system window control is located in the upper left corner of windows and some dia logs Clicking on this control usually pops up a menu that has the items Minimize Maximize and Close Target Refers to user hardware Target Application Software residing on the target board Target Board The circuitry and programmable device that makes up the target application Target Processor The microcontroller device on the target application board Template Lines of text that you build to insert into your files at a later time The MPLAB Editor stores templates in template files Tool Bar A row or column of icons that you can click on to execute MPLAB X IDE functions Trace An emulator or simulator function that logs program execution The emulator logs program execution into its trace buffer which is uploaded to MPLAB X IDE s trace win dow Trace Memory Trace memory contained within the emulator Trace memory is sometimes called the
25. debug header Set the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as the current tool File gt Project Properties Advanced MPLAB Environment to perform these actions When Run gt Run Project is selected the application code is programmed into the device s memory via the ICSP protocol as described above No target oscillator clock is required while programming and all modes of the processor can be pro grammed including code protect Watchdog Timer enabled and table read pro tect e A small program executive program may be loaded into the high area of program memory for some target device This increases programming speeds for devices with large memories Special in circuit debug registers in the target device are disabled by MPLAB IDE along with all debug features This means that a breakpoint cannot be set and register contents cannot be seen or altered The target device is run in release mode As a programmer the emulator can only toggle the MCLR line to reset and start the target 3 10 RESOURCES USED BY THE EMULATOR For a complete list of resources used by the emulator for your device please see the online help file in MPLAB IDE for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 41 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 42 2013 Microchip Technology Inc AN MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Part 2
26. following table shows feature support for PIC32 MCUs PIC32MX7xx PIC32MX4xx PIC32MX2xx Reset application All C C c Run Halt All C Cc c Single Step All C c Cc Full Speed Emulation All c C Cc Hardware Breakpoints All c C Cc Advanced Breakpoints RI ICD3 C C C Software Breakpoints RI ICD3 03 C N Peripheral Freeze 1 All c C c Break on data fetch or write All C Cc c Break on Stack overflow All C c C Stopwatch All c C Cc Pass Counter All c C Cc WDT overflow All c C Cc PIC32 Instruction Trace built in RI D D D Native Trace built in RI D N N SPI Trace RI N N N UO Port Trace RI N N N Trace Macros for C code RI D N N Data Capture 2 RI c N N Runtime Watch 2 RI c ch N Application Input Output RI ICD3 C N N Standard Speed Comm All c C Cc High Speed Comm LVDS RI c C Cc Processor Pak All N N N External triggers logic probes RI c C CG MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit RI c C Cc Legend Tools MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator RI MPLAB ICD 3 ICD3 PICkit 3 PK3 All 3 All C Current support Green D Support dependent on device Yellow F No support now but planned in the future Orange N Support Not Available Red Note 1 This feature operates differently depending on the selected device Note 2 Atspeeds higher than 15 MIPS the Performance Pak may be needed Note 3 The Data Monitor and Control Interfac
27. has these features Processors run at maximum speeds Debugging can be done with the device in circuit No emulation load on the processor bus Simple interconnection Capability to incorporate I O data Instrumented Trace MPLAB IDE and Compiler Assisted PIC32 Instruction Trace Hardware trace In addition to emulator functions the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system also may be used as a production programmer 1 3 HOW THE EMULATOR HELPS YOU The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is an integral part of the development engi neer s toolsuite Application usage can vary from software development to hardware integration to manufacturing test to field service The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system enables you to Debug an application on hardware in real time Debug with hardware breakpoints Debug with software breakpoints device dependent Halt based on internal events and or external signals Monitor internal file registers Emulate full speed Program devices as a production programmer Trace lines of code or log variable expression values 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 15 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 1 4 EMULATOR SYSTEM The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is an in circuit emulator that is controlled by a PC running MPLAB X IDE cross platform software The emulator communicates with a device or debug header that has on board debug emulation circuitry A device is usu ally co
28. information such as cursor position development mode and device and active tool bar Step Into This command is the same as Single Step Step Into as opposed to Step Over follows a CALL instruction into a subroutine Step Over Step Over allows you to debug code without stepping into subroutines When stepping over a CALL instruction the next breakpoint will be set at the instruction after the CALL If for some reason the subroutine gets into an endless loop or does not return properly the next breakpoint will never be reached The Step Over command is the same as Single Step except for its handling of CALL instructions Step Out Step Out allows you to step out of a subroutine which you are currently stepping through This command executes the rest of the code in the subroutine and then stops execution at the return address to the subroutine Stimulus Input to the simulator i e data generated to exercise the response of simulation to external signals Often the data is put into the form of a list of actions in a text file Stimulus may be asynchronous synchronous pin clocked or register Stopwatch A counter for measuring execution cycles Storage Class Determines the lifetime of the memory associated with the identified object Storage Qualifier Indicates special properties of the objects being declared e g const Symbol A symbol is a general purpose mechanism for describing the various pieces which comprise
29. latest Microchip press releases listing of seminars and events listings of Microchip sales offices distributors and factory representatives MICROCHIP FORUMS Microchip provides additional online support via our web forums at http www micro chip com forums Currently available forums are e Development Tools 8 bit PIC MCUs 16 bit PIC MCUs e 32 bit PIC MCUs CUSTOMER SUPPORT Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels Distributor or Representative e Local Sales Office e Field Application Engineer FAE Technical Support Customers should contact their distributor representative or field application engineer FAE for support Local sales offices are also available to help customers A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document See our web site for a complete up to date listing of sales offices Technical support is available through the web site at http support microchip com Documentation errors or comments may be emailed to docerrors microchip com EE DS52085A page 132 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Support ABOUT MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY Microchip Technology Inc is a leading provider of microcontroller and analog semicon ductors providing low risk product development lower total system cost and faster time to market for thousands of diverse customer applications worldwide Headquar tered in Chandler Arizona Microchip offers
30. might occur See Chapter 8 Troubleshooting First Steps 10 3 7 Internal Error Actions Internal errors are unexpected and should not happen They are primarily used for internal Microchip development The most likely cause is a corrupted installation Section 10 3 4 Corrupted Installation Actions Another likely cause is exhausted system resources 1 Try rebooting your system to free up memory 2 Make sure you have a reasonable amount of free space on your hard drive and that it is not overly fragmented If the problem persists contact Microchip 10 4 INFORMATIONAL MESSAGES MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator informational messages are listed below in numeric order Note Numbers may not yet appear in displayed messages Use the Search tab on the Help viewer to find your message and highlight it below Loopback test completed successfully Your REAL ICE is functioning properly If you are still having problems with your target circuit please check the Target Board Considerations section of the online help See Section 12 7 Target Board Considerations 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 97 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 98 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Part 4 Reference Chapter 11 Emulator Function Summary sise 101 Chapter 12 Hardware Specifications 1
31. of extra instructions executed after the intended breakpoint is referred to as the skid Source Code A text listing of commands that may be completed or assembled into object code Source code is written in a formal programming language that can be translated into machine code or executed by an interpreter Source File An ASCII text file containing source code Special Function Registers The portion of data memory RAM dedicated to registers that control I O processor functions I O status timers or other modes or peripherals SQTP See Serialized Quick Turn Programming Stack Hardware Locations in MCU or DSC where the return address is stored when a function call is made 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 153 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Stack Software Memory used by an application for storing return addresses function parameters and local variables This memory is typically managed by the compiler when developing code in a high level language MPLAB Starter Kit for Device Microchip s starter kits contains everything needed to begin exploring the specified device View a working application and then debug and program your own changes Static RAM or SRAM Static Random Access Memory Program memory you can read write on the target board that does not need refreshing frequently Status Bar The Status Bar is located on the bottom of the MPLAB X IDE window and indicates cur rent
32. online help Note 2 For details see Section 7 2 Data Capture and Runtime Watches and Section 7 6 Application In Out Note 3 For details see Section 7 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 27 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 3 4 EMULATOR COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE PC AND TARGET The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system consists of these items 1 Emulator pod with indicator lights push buttons and a logic probe connector 2 USB cable to connect a PC to the emulator pod and power the pod 3 Driver board and modular cable s to connect the emulator pod to an ICE header or target board FIGURE 3 1 BASIC EMULATOR POD Indicator Lights Push Buttons USB Power MPLAB REAL ICE In Cireuit Emulator D seii Emulator Pod me STATUS Top FUNCTION RESET MICROCHIP Logic Probes Driver Board Connector Slot Emulator Pod Side The emulator communicates with the PC and is powered through the USB cable The emulator communicates with the target through the configurations discussed in the following sections CAUTION Do not connect the hardware before installing the software and USB drivers Also do not change hardware connections while the pod or target is powered A DANGER If your application uses AC line or high voltage power not referenced to ground you should use an isolation circuit See Section 13 4 MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator U
33. speeds as the capture clock speed is independent of the target system clock Data Capture and DMCI e Runtime Watches and DMCI e Runtime Watches and the Watch Window 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 67 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 7 2 1 Data Capture and DMCI Data capture provides streaming data from a device to the following e Data Monitoring and Control Interface DMCI Plug in To install the DMCI plug in 1 Select Tools gt Plugins The Plugins window will open 2 Click on the Available Plugins tab 3 Find DMCI and check the checkbox next to it 4 Click Install and follow the screens See also the Add Plug in Tools in the Additional Tasks section of the MPLAB X IDE help file To set up data capture 1 Build the project In the Projects window right click on the project name and select Build The project must be built to see the available symbols 2 Select Window gt Debugging gt Watches to open the Watches window 3 Right click in the window and select New Watch Select the symbol or SFR wish to watch in the New Watch window Click OK 4 Select Tools gt Embedde gt DMCI gt DMCI Window to open the DMCI dialog 5 Setup the DMCI for this data capture See the DMCI help file for details Help gt Help Contents Plug In Tools section 6 Begin a debug session Debug gt Debug Project Input data using DMCI controls or view data in a DMCI graphical window
34. the emulator The ICSP interface signals are magnetically or optically isolated pro viding up to 2 5KV equivalent isolation protection The isolator is housed in its own enclosure providing an additional measure of safety This unit contains the same circuitry as the high speed receiver board see Section 13 3 2 High Speed Receiver Board plus isolation circuitry see the following schematics ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC ICSPDAT 3 3V HOT VDD HOT ICSPDAT HOT DEN DATA GND1 GND2 gt GND1 GND2 ADUM3401 SO16 300 y SN65MLVD206 74AHC1G04_SOT 23_5L DATA_EN KR NDATA_EN 2 4 U9 FIGURE 13 11 ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC ICSPCLK 3 3V HOT VDD U13 1 16 14 13 12 HOT_ICSPCLK U2 10 HOT_CEN 2 CLK KHY 2 9 6 15 ADUM3401 SO16 300 SN65MLVD206 74AHC1G04_SOT 23_5L CLK_EN NCLK_EN 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 121 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE FIGURE 13 12 ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC DAT amp CLK DATAEN USPID DATA_EN R5 100 z O CLK_EN SN65MLVD206 3 3V U5 4 USDO 2 6 7 USPID USPIC R6 100 R7 SN65MLVD206 3 3V 3 3V HOT VDD 14 HOT DEN I 3 HOT_CEN HOT VDD
35. the project name in the Projects window and select Properties In the Project Properties window click on pic32 gcc under Categories Under Option Categories select General and check the Enable App IO checkbox 4 Build the project Right click on the project name and select Build Select Window gt Debugging gt PIC App IO to open the Application In Out window 6 Click on the Properties button on the left of the window to launch the Set App IO Properties dialog Under Capture click On 01 FIGURE 6 4 SET APP I O PROPERTIES PIC ApplO Window 5 x Output Format Output Input Capture C Off C On poms OOOO 7 Debug Run or Run the project 8 Enter an text value in the Input text box Hit Enter 9 View the output in the Output text box FIGURE 6 5 APP IN OUT WINDOW S x Output Output Format Gut Hex 0x00000000 38 20 20 20 38 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 8 8 a DS52085A page 64 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices Change Input and Output Formats by opening Set App IO Properties dialog and run ning the program again to see what outputs result for different inputs For more on options avaiable in this window see Section 11 4 2 Application In Out Window and Related Dialogs 6 6 ADDITIONAL DEBUG FEATURES In addition to the debug features covered previo
36. 0 4 227 4068 Philippines Manila Tel 63 2 634 9065 Fax 63 2 634 9069 Singapore Tel 65 6334 8870 Fax 65 6334 8850 Taiwan Hsin Chu Tel 886 3 5778 366 Fax 886 3 5770 955 Taiwan Kaohsiung Tel 886 7 213 7828 Fax 886 7 330 9305 Taiwan Taipei Tel 886 2 2508 8600 Fax 886 2 2508 0102 Thailand Bangkok Tel 66 2 694 1351 Fax 66 2 694 1350 EUROPE Austria Wels Tel 43 7242 2244 39 Fax 43 7242 2244 393 Denmark Copenhagen Tel 45 4450 2828 Fax 45 4485 2829 France Paris Tel 33 1 69 53 63 20 Fax 33 1 69 30 90 79 Germany Munich Tel 49 89 627 144 0 Fax 49 89 627 144 44 Italy Milan Tel 39 0331 742611 Fax 39 0331 466781 Netherlands Drunen Tel 31 416 690399 Fax 31 416 690340 Spain Madrid Tel 34 91 708 08 90 Fax 34 91 708 08 91 UK Wokingham Tel 44 118 921 5869 Fax 44 118 921 5820 11 29 12 DS52085A page 160 2013 Microchip Technology Inc
37. 085A page 3 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 4 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Table of Contents Prefaco SE EE EE CO 9 Part 1 Getting Started Chapter 1 About the Emulator ES eeler Le EE 15 1 2 Em lat r Feat reS EE 15 1 3 How the Emulator Helps You ccccceece cece cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeneeees 15 1 4 ne Ee LEE 16 1 5 Emulator Kit Components 17 Chapter 2 Device and Feature Support 2 1 32 Bit Data Memory Devices s oosot nnnnn o o 20 2 2 16 Bit Data Memory Devices 21 2 3 8 Bit Data Memory Devices PIC18 oooonnrnoni r onnnnn nen 22 2 4 8 Bit Data Memory Devices PIC10 12 16 oooooooonnnnnn nn nn nnnrrnn nn 23 Chapter 3 Operation 31 INTOAUCION il O tee hes ane 25 3 2 Tools COMPAMSON issus a Meclesaneess 26 3 3 Operational Overview sise 27 3 4 Emulator Communications with the PC and Target 28 3 5 Target Communication Connections nen 32 3 6 Trace Connections lsslilaskiosrkol r al pa a 35 3 7 Debugging with the Emulator e Stef r Zeen ln 38 3 8 Requirements For Debugging oononoon oo 39 3 9 Programming with the Emulator oo oronsn nn 41 3 10 Resources Used by the Emulator ooooson nn nn on 41
38. 09 Chapter 13 Emulator Accessories 115 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 99 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 100 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 11 Emulator Function Summary 11 1 INTRODUCTION A summary of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator functions is listed here e Emulator Selection and Switching e Emulator Options Selection e Emulator Windows 8 Dialogs 11 2 EMULATOR SELECTION AND SWITCHING Use the Project Properties dialog to select or switch emulators for a project To switch you must have more than one MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator connected to your computer MPLAB X IDE will differentiate between the two by displaying two different serial numbers To select or change the emulator used for a project 1 Open the Project Properties dialog by doing one of the following a Click on the project name in the Project window and select File gt Project Properties b Right click on the project name in the Project window and select Properties 2 Under Categories click on default 3 Under Hardware Tools find REAL ICE and click on a serial number SN to select an emulator for use in the project 11 3 EMULATOR OPTIONS SELECTION Set up emulator options on the emulator property pages of the Project Properties dialog 1 Open the Pr
39. 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Function Summary 11 4 EMULATOR WINDOWS amp DIALOGS The following windows and dialogs are used specifically for the emulator and or other debug tools Trace Window and Releated Dialogs e Application In Out Window and Related Dialogs e PC Sampling Window and Related Dialogs 11 4 1 Trace Window and Releated Dialogs The trace window displays the results of a trace This window is available for the emulator and the simulator FIGURE 11 1 TRACE WINDOW 0000 0000 0x00000000 2 3 0000 0000 0x00000000 NOP Symbolic Mode 4 1600 0000 0x00000000 NOP Golo gt 5 0000 0000 0x00000000 NOP A 6 0000 0000 0x00000000 NOP 7 0000 0000 0x00000000 NOP SEE E 8 0000 2000 0x00000000 NOP Find 9 0000 0006 0x00000000 NOP Output To File 10 0000 1A25 0x00000000 ADDIU 50 SP Print 11 0000 1520 0x00000000 NOP Adust Table Columns 12 0000 0000 0x00000000 NOP 13 2553 0000 0x00000000 NOP sl Right clicking in a column will pop up a menu with the following functions For more on these functions see the MPLAB X IDE User s Guide DS52027 MPLAB X IDE Win dows and Dialogs Trace Window For more on using trace see e Section 6 3 Instrumented Trace 8 and 16 bit Devices e Section 7 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace 32 bit Devices 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 107 Emulator User s
40. 33 Vdd Ve 32 33 38 39 111 VDD EE 32 33 34 39 W Watch RUNING nn nn nn nen 53 67 Watchdog Timer 39 156 Web Site Microchip 132 DS52085A page 158 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Index NOTES 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 159 MICROCHIP Worldwide Sales and Service AMERICAS Corporate Office 2355 West Chandler Blvd Chandler AZ 85224 6199 Tel 480 792 7200 Fax 480 792 7277 Technical Support http www microchip com support Web Address www microchip com Atlanta Duluth GA Tel 678 957 9614 Fax 678 957 1455 Boston Westborough MA Tel 774 760 0087 Fax 774 760 0088 Chicago Itasca IL Tel 630 285 0071 Fax 630 285 0075 Cleveland Independence OH Tel 216 447 0464 Fax 216 447 0643 Dallas Addison TX Tel 972 818 7423 Fax 972 818 2924 Detroit Farmington Hills MI Tel 248 538 2250 Fax 248 538 2260 Indianapolis Noblesville IN Tel 317 773 8323 Fax 317 773 5453 Los Angeles Mission Viejo CA Tel 949 462 9523 Fax 949 462 9608 Santa Clara Santa Clara CA Tel 408 961 6444 Fax 408 961 6445 Toronto Mississauga Ontario Canada Tel 905 673 0699 Fax 905 673 6509 ASIA PACIFIC Asia Pacific Office Suites 3707 14 37th Floor Tower 6 The Gateway Harbour City Kowloon Hong Kong Tel 852 2401 1200 Fax 852 2401 3431 Australia Sydney
41. 4 Plug the trace adapter board into the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator logic probe port The top of the adapter board contains the connectors and should be oriented upwards when plugging the board into the logic probe port Figure 7 3 DS52085A page 72 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices 5 Power the target Note When using trace pins TRCLK and TRD3 0 are used Therefore you cannot use the other functions multiplexed on these pins For PIC32MX360F512L multiplexed functions are RG14 12 and RA7 6 FIGURE 7 3 TRACE CONNECTION WITH DEVICE ON TARGET Emulator Pod FUNCTION RESET Adapter 08 ACTE 7 3 3 3 MPLAB X IDE SETUP To set up MPLAB X IDE to use trace for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator 1 Right click on the project name and select Properties In the Project Properties dialog click on Real ICE under Categories 2 Under Option categories select Clock For data capture and trace the emulator needs to know the instruction cycle speed 3 Under Option categories select Trace and Profiling 4 Under Data Collection Selection choose Instruction Trace Profiling 5 Setup any other trace related options See Section 11 3 1 Trace and Profiling 6 Click OK On a Debug Run trace will continue to fill the trace buffer with data rolling over when the buffer is full unti
42. 6 3 3 2 SPI Trace 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 35 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 3 6 3 UO Port Trace Connections Parallel trace is possible using a device 8 pin I O port and the emulator logic probes This provides greater trace speed and data quantity but limits emulator to target dis tance by the length of the logic probes Figure 3 11 shows these additional connections FIGURE 3 11 PARALLEL TRACE CONNECTIONS Emulator Pod Device 7 6 0 PORTx b Lu Ka W D O r Logic Probes Use EXT0 7 ACTE situs For this trace configuration seven 7 lines of data and one 1 line for clock are trans mitted PORTx must be a port with 8 pins that has all 8 pins available for trace The port does not have to be one physical port but can be made up of pins from more than one one port see Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab I O Port drop down box for allowable PORTx configurations The port pins must not be multiplexed with the currently used PGC and PGM pins A basic configuration is shown in the following table TABLE 3 4 1 0 PORT TRACE CONNECTION EXAMPLE PORTx pin Logic Probe pin Content 0 EXTO Data 1 EXT1 Data 2 EXT2 Data 3 EXT3 Data 4 EXT4 Data 5 EXT5 Data 6 EXT6 Data EXT7 Clock Note 1 For pin descriptions see Section 12 4 4 Logic Probe External Trigger Interface
43. 6 6 e In the future the 16 bit device library will have printf and scanf functions for use with the Application In Out feature as referenced in the 16 Bit Debug Support Library chapter of the 16 Bit Language Tools Libraries DS51456 document EXAMPLE 6 6 APPLICATION IN OUT MACRO USAGE The following application code reads the application input register and writes out a pad ded value of the input to the application output register include file include lt p33Exxxx h gt set up config bits _FWDT FWDTEN OFF initialize variables unsigned int val intei unsigned int oval int main void while 1 if APPSbits APIFUL APPI is full d val APPIN Read User Input for i 0 i lt 4 itt while APPSbits AROFUL APPO is full oval vala0xFF if oval lt 0x20 oval 0x20 oval 0x20202000 _APPO oval Send to MPLAB X IDE val gt gt 8 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 63 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE To run this application 1 Create a project using the Project wizard a Select a supported device b Select REAL ICE or ICD 3 as the hardware tool c Use the MPLAB C Compiler for PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC DSCs or the MPLAB XC16 C Compiler as the language toolsuite 2 Select File gt New File to create and name a new C Source File In the Editor win dow that opens add the previous code and save 3 Right click on
44. A language tool that combines object files and libraries to create executable code resolving references from one module to another Linker Script Files Linker script files are the command files of a linker They define linker options and describe available memory on the target platform Listing Directives Listing directives are those directives that control the assembler listing file format They allow the specification of titles pagination and other listing control Listing File A listing file is an ASCII text file that shows the machine code generated for each C source statement assembly instruction assembler directive or macro encountered in a source file Little Endian A data ordering scheme for multi byte data whereby the least significant byte is stored at the lower addresses 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 145 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Local Label A local label is one that is defined inside a macro with the LOCAL directive These labels are particular to a given instance of a macro s instantiation In other words the symbols and labels that are declared as local are no longer accessible after the ENDM macro is encountered Logic Probes Up to 14 logic probes can be connected to some Microchip emulators The logic probes provide external trace inputs trigger output signal 5V and a common ground Loop Back Test Board Used to test the functionality of the MPLAB REAL ICE
45. C Compiler for PIC32 MCUs or the MPLAB XC32 C Compiler as the language toolsuite 2 Select File gt New File to create and name a new C Source File In the Editor window that opens add the previous code and save 3 Right click on the project name in the Projects window and select Properties In the Project Properties window click on pic32 gcc under Categories Under Option Categories select General and check the Enable App IO checkbox 4 Build the project Right click on the project name and select Build Select Window gt Debugging gt PIC App IO to open the Application In Out window 6 Click on the Properties button on the left of the window to launch the Set App IO Properties dialog Under Capture click On Gel 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 77 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE FIGURE 7 7 SET APP I O PROPERTIES PIC ApplO Window 5 X Output e 7 Debug Run or Run the project 8 Enter an text value in the Input text box Hit Enter 9 View the output in the Output text box FIGURE 7 8 APP IN OUT WINDOW S x Output Output Format 38 bit Hex 0x00000000 38 20 20 20 38 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 8 8 a Change Input and Output Formats by opening Set App IO Properties dialog and run ning the program again to see what outputs result for different inputs For more on
46. CUs and dsPIC DSCs KEELOQ code hopping devices Serial EEPROMs microperipherals nonvolatile memory and analog products In addition Microchip s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001 2000 certified DS52085A page 2 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Object of Declaration MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator EU Declaration of Conformity This declaration of conformity is issued by the manufacturer The development evaluation tool is designed to be used for research and development in a laboratory environment This development evaluation tool is not intended to be a finished appliance nor is it intended for incorporation into finished appliances that are made commercially available as single functional units to end users This development evaluation tool complies with EU EMC Directive 2004 108 EC and as supported by the European Commission s Guide for the EMC Directive 2004 108 EC 8 February 2010 This development evaluation tool complies with EU RoHS2 Directive 2011 65 EU For information regarding the exclusive limited warranties applicable to Microchip products please see Microchip s standard terms and conditions of sale which are printed on our sales documentation and available at www microchip com Signed for and on behalf of Microchip Technology Inc at Chandler Arizona USA Pier eae ee A lag Derek Carlson Date VP Development Tools 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52
47. ECTION WITH PIM Emulator Pod Device Trace Cable FUNCTION RESET Adapter U ACTVE C STATUS O 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 37 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 3 7 DEBUGGING WITH THE EMULATOR There are two steps to using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system as a debugger The first requires that an application be programmed into the target device The second uses the internal in circuit debug hardware of the target Flash device to run and test the application program These two steps are directly related to the MPLAB IDE operations 1 Programming the code into the target and activating special debug functions see the next section for details 2 Debugging the code using features such as breakpoints If the target device cannot be programmed correctly the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator will not be able to debug Figure 3 13 shows the basic interconnections required for programming and debug ging Note that this is the same as Figure 3 8 but for the sake of clarity the VDD and Vss lines from the emulator are not shown FIGURE 3 13 PROPER CONNECTIONS FOR PROGRAMMING Programming VDD Voltage lt 1 VPP MCLR A simplified diagram of some of the internal interface circuitry of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator pod is shown For programming no clock is needed on the target device but power must be supplied When prog
48. EED RECEIVER BOARD 4 Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 2 E 1 VPP Power 5 ICSPCLK Standard Com Clock P 2 VDD_TGT Power on target 6 AUX Auxiliary 5 T 3 GND Ground 7 DAT Trace Data 6 4 ICSPDAT Standard Com Data 8 CLK Trace Clock H Si Optional see Section 3 6 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed LVDS Connection 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 117 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE RECEIVER BOARD SCHEMATIC ICSPDAT FIGURE 13 4 AHC1G04 SOT5 NDATA_EN t lt DATA EN KE 4 DE PE VCCA 3 VDD TAR vccB DATA 5 DATA DATA EN DIR 3 8 GND SN65MLVD206 74LVC1T45_SOT 6P 100 DATA EN SN65MLVD206 RECEIVER BOARD SCHEMATIC ICSPCLK FIGURE 13 5 AHC1G04 SOT5 NCLK EN lt CIK EN E 4 z AEE 6 VccA 3 VDD_TAR VecB V H 4 GEK CLK EN S DIR 2 6 3 je a 3 GND SN65MLVD206 ES 74LVC1T45_SOT 6P 3 CLKEN 1 100 SN65MLVD206 as 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 118 Emulator Accessories FIGURE 13 6 RECEIVER BOARD SCHEMATIC DAT 8 CLK 3 3V 3 3 3 4 P DAT 100 e 2 10K 1 10K CUSPID 7T 4 1 USPID
49. GE E Conf default j jes Trace and Pro ns Option categories T id Profiling Reset ata Collection Selection ata File Path and Name ata File Maximum Size bytes lata Buffer Maximum Size bytes isable Trace Macros ommunications Medium imer Selection Not Used by Application Code imer Interrupt Priority imer Interval imer Interval Units Onton Deseroso DS52085A page 62 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices 6 5 APPLICATION IN OUT Note This window is only available for devices that support the application in out function used with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator or MPLAB ICD 3 in circuit debugger For details see online help Device and Feature Sup port The Application In Out window allows you to interact with a running application using the Application Input Output feature supported on some devices Using this feature data may be sent serially to and from the target application and during runtime over the same PGC PGD lines used for debugging Data written to the APPOUT register will be displayed to the window while user input will be sent to the target application and available in the APPIN register To use the Application In Out window e Use the device specific header file when building your application to use the macros assigned in the header per Example
50. Guide for MPLAB X IDE 11 4 2 Application In Out Window and Related Dialogs The Application In Out window supports the App IO function where runtime control information can be sent to an application through MPLAB IDE APPIN and status infor mation can be sent by the application to MPLAB IDE APPOUT FIGURE 11 2 APP IN OUT WINDOW x Output Input Format Text 188 Ee Output Format B bit Hex 0x00000000 38 20 20 20 38 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 8 8 a Other actions are available from the buttons Right clicking in the Ouput text box will pop up a menu with the same functions TABLE 11 10 APP IN OUT WINDOW BUTTONS Button Description Properties Open the Set App IO Properties dialog Set the format of the input and output Text 8 bit Hex 16 bit Hex or 32 bit Hex Enable disable data capture Browse to a location to save the out put to a file Clear App IO Output Clear the output content from the Output text box Copy App IO Output to Copy the Output text box content to the Output window Output View For more on using this window and its related dialogs see Section 6 5 Application In Out 8 and 16 bit Devices Section 7 6 Application In Out 32 bit Devices 11 43 PC Sampling Window and Related Dialogs Program Counter PC sampling is a method of determining the amount of time spent in each application function for use in code optimization T
51. ICATION e Manufacturer Part Number Microchip Technology 07 00024 The length for this cable L is 6 inches If you require a longer cable consider purchas ing the Performance Pak For details see Section 13 3 High Speed LVDS Commu nication Hardware Performance Pak It is not recommended that you use a modular cable shorter than 6 inches or you may experience communication problems FIGURE 12 3 MODULAR CABLE lt L e d KE d Pin 1 Pin 6 12 5 2 2 MODULAR PLUG SPECIFICATION e Manufacturer Part Number AMP Incorporated 5 554710 3 e Distributor Part Number Digikey A9117ND 12 5 2 3 MODULAR CONNECTOR SPECIFICATION e Manufacturer Part Number AMP Incorporated 555165 1 e Distributor Part Number Digikey A9031ND The following table shows how the modular connector pins on an application correspond to the microcontroller pins This configuration provides full ICD functionality FIGURE 12 4 MODULAR CONNECTOR PINOUT OF TARGET BOARD 16 s Modular Microcontroller Connector Pin Pin Front view of Modular Connector 6 Not Used on Target Board 5 RB6 4 RB7 3 Ground 2 VDD Target 1 VPP Bottom view of Modular Connector Pinout on Target Board REN 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 113 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 12 6 LOOP BACK TEST BOARD This board included with DV244005
52. IM Emulator Pod FUNCTION RESET U ACTE 4 Plug the trace adapter board into the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator logic probe port The top of the adapter board contains the connectors and should be oriented upwards when plugging the board into the logic probe port Figure 7 2 5 Power the target Note When using trace pins TRCLK and TRD3 0 are used Therefore you cannot use the other functions multiplexed on these pins For PIC32MX360F512L multiplexed functions are RG14 12 and RA7 6 Check your device data sheet for details 7 3 3 2 HARDWARE SETUP PIC32 MCU ON TARGET When designing instruction trace capability onto vour own board the following provisions will need to be made Termination series resistors will need to be added as depicted in Figure 7 5 e Depending on your board routing and loading of the signals used for trace it is a good idea to place 0 ohm resistors that can be unpopulated to isolate the trace signals TRCLK and TRD3 0 To use the PIC32 Instruction Trace feature with your own board do the following 1 The target board should initially be unpowered 2 Install communication cable s between the emulator and your target board See Section 3 5 Target Communication Connections 3 Connect the trace cable from the target board to the trace adapter board Make sure the PIC32 MCU on your target board is connected to accomodate trace as per Figure 7 5
53. It is strongly recommended that C compiler optimization is turned off during debugging see the Build Options dialog Optimization will greatly alter how the executable code corresponds to the source files and hence the debugger may appear to behave strangely with some code Q Data capture has become flaky What is going on A The speed of data capture may be too high for your PC or target environment noise There are several things you can do 1 Reduce the clock speed Refer to Section 11 3 3 Clock 2 Reduce the rate at which you capture data In the Watches window right click on the symbol select Run Time Update Interval and set a delay 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 87 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Q cannot get trace to work What s wrong A Consider the following Certain tool versions are required to use trace Please refer to either Chapter 6 Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices or Chapter 7 Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices For dsPIC30F 33F and PIC24F H devices only C code can be used with trace not assembly In line assembly code assembly code within C code cannot be traced Code must be rebuilt and reprogrammed when trace macros are added Ensure you do not have trace macros disabled on the Build Options Trace tab Native trace data captures and runtime watches cannot be used together The target clock frequency
54. NS There are two driver boards available to closely match most application requirements The standard driver board can be used to connect to the myriad of demo boards and applications that contain the RJ11 connector The high speed driver receiver board combination can be used for high speed communications for additional trace features for large several feet emulator to target distances and for noisy environments 3 5 1 Standard Connector Using the standard driver board the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is connected to the target device with the modular interface six conductor cable The pin number ing for the connector is shown from the bottom of the target PC board in Figure 3 6 Note Cable connections at the emulator and target are mirror images of each other i e pin 1 on one end of the cable is connected to pin 6 on the other end of the cable See Section 12 5 2 1 Modular Cable Specification FIGURE 3 6 STANDARD CONNECTION AT TARGET 3 5 2 High Speed LVDS Connector Using the high speed driver receiver board combination the MPLAB REAL ICE in cir cuit emulator is connected to the target device with an 8 pin interface The pin number ing for the connector is shown from the top of the target PC board in Figure 3 7 Note Connections from the emulator to the target are shown in Section 13 3 High Speed LVDS Communication Hardware Performance Pak FIGURE 3 7 HIGH SPEED CONNECTION
55. PROGRAM OPTION CATEGORY Auto select memories and ranges Allow REAL ICE to Select Memories The emula tor uses your selected device and default settings to determine what to program Manually select memories and ranges You select the type and range of memory to program see below Memory Check to program Memory where Memory is the type of memory Types include EEPROM ID Boot Flash Auxilliary Program Memory Check to program the target program memory range specified below Program Memory Start hex The starting and ending hex address range in pro Program Memory End hex gram memory for programming reading or verifica tion If you receive a programming error due to an incor rect end address correct the end address and pro gram again Note The address range does not apply to the Erase function The Erase function will erase all data on the device Preserve Program Memory Check to not program the target program memory range specified below Preserve Program Memory Start hex The starting and ending hex address range in target Preserve Program Memory End hex program memory to preserve when programming reading or verifying This memory is read from the target and overlayed with existing MPLAB X IDE memory Preserve Memory Check to not erase Memory when programming where Memory is the type of memory Types include EEPROM ID Boot Flash Auxilliary DS52085A page 106
56. Size bytes Set the size of the data buffer up to 54600 bytes on board the emulator unit User Instrumented Trace Items Disable Trace Macros Check to temporarily disable trace macros or uncheck to enable trace macros To disable trace remove all macros and select Off under Data Collection Selection Communications Medium Select the trace medium if available device depen dent Native 11 3 2 External Triggers Select external triggers for Triggers 0 through 7 For more on triggers see Section 5 5 External Triggers Logic Probes 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 103 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 11 3 3 Clock Enter the runtime clock instruction speed on this tab This does not set the speed but informs the emulator of its value for runtime watch data capture and trace Note Clock switching is available for data capture and trace but you must set the clock correctly or you may see issues Enter the fastest instruction speed you will be using on this tab TABLE 11 3 CLOCK OPTION CATEGORY Use FRC in debug mode When debugging use the device fast internal RC dsPIC33F and PIC24F H devices FRC for clocking instead of the oscillator specified only for the application This is useful when the applica tion clock is slow Checking this checkbox will let the application run at the slow speed but debug at the faster FRC speed R
57. Tel 61 2 9868 6733 Fax 61 2 9868 6755 China Beijing Tel 86 10 8569 7000 Fax 86 10 8528 2104 China Chengdu Tel 86 28 8665 5511 Fax 86 28 8665 7889 China Chongqing Tel 86 23 8980 9588 Fax 86 23 8980 9500 China Hangzhou Tel 86 571 2819 3187 Fax 86 571 2819 3189 China Hong Kong SAR Tel 852 2943 5100 Fax 852 2401 3431 China Nanjing Tel 86 25 8473 2460 Fax 86 25 8473 2470 China Qingdao Tel 86 532 8502 7355 Fax 86 532 8502 7205 China Shanghai Tel 86 21 5407 5533 Fax 86 21 5407 5066 China Shenyang Tel 86 24 2334 2829 Fax 86 24 2334 2393 China Shenzhen Tel 86 755 8864 2200 Fax 86 755 8203 1760 China Wuhan Tel 86 27 5980 5300 Fax 86 27 5980 5118 China Xian Tel 86 29 8833 7252 Fax 86 29 8833 7256 China Xiamen Tel 86 592 2388138 Fax 86 592 2388130 China Zhuhai Tel 86 756 3210040 Fax 86 756 3210049 ASIA PACIFIC India Bangalore Tel 91 80 3090 4444 Fax 91 80 3090 4123 India New Delhi Tel 91 11 4160 8631 Fax 91 11 4160 8632 India Pune Tel 91 20 2566 1512 Fax 91 20 2566 1513 Japan Osaka Tel 81 6 6152 7160 Fax 81 6 6152 9310 Japan Tokyo Tel 81 3 6880 3770 Fax 81 3 6880 3771 Korea Daegu Tel 82 53 744 4301 Fax 82 53 744 4302 Korea Seoul Tel 82 2 554 7200 Fax 82 2 558 5932 or 82 2 558 5934 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Tel 60 3 6201 9857 Fax 60 3 6201 9859 Malaysia Penang Tel 60 4 227 8870 Fax 6
58. VDD 3V VDD 2 3V VDD 1 65V VOH 3 8V min VOH 2 4V min VOH 1 9V min VOH 1 2V min VOL 0 55V max VOL 0 55V max VOL 0 3V max VOL 0 45V max 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 111 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 12 5 STANDARD COMMUNICATION HARDWARE For standard emulator communication with a target Section 3 4 1 Standard Com munication use the standard driver board To use this type of communication with a debug header you may need a device spe cific Processor Pak which includes an 8 pin connector debug header containing the desired ICE ICD device and a standard adapter board 8 pin to 6 pin connection Note Older debug headers used a 6 pin RJ 11 connector instead of an 8 pin connector so these headers may be connected directly to the emulator For more on available debug headers see the Debug Header Specification in Rec ommended Reading 12 5 1 Standard Driver Board The standard driver board is the main interface to the target processor It contains the connections to the high voltage VPP VDD sense lines and clock and data connections required for programming and connecting with the target devices The VPP high voltage lines can produce a variable voltage that can swing from 14 to 0 volts to satisfy the voltage requirements for the specific emulation processor The VDD sense connection draws ver
59. ables and MPLAB X IDE software MPLAB SIM Microchip s simulator that works with MPLAB X IDE in support of PIC MCU and dsPIC DSC devices MPLIB Object Librarian Microchip s librarian that can work with MPLAB X IDE MPLIB librarian is an object librarian for use with COFF object modules created using either MPASM assembler or MPLAB C18 C compiler MPLINK Object Linker MPLINK linker is an object linker for the Microchip MPASM assembler and the Micro chip C18 C compiler MPLINK linker also may be used with the Microchip MPLIB librar ian MPLINK linker is designed to be used with MPLAB X IDE though it is not a necessity MRU Most Recently Used Refers to files and windows available to be selected from MPLAB X IDE main pull down menus Native Data Size For Native trace the size of the variable used in a Watch window must be of the same size as the selected device s data memory bytes for PIC18 devices and words for 16 bit devices Nesting Depth The maximum level to which macros can include other macros Node MPLAB X IDE project component Non Extended Mode PIC18 MCUs In Non Extended mode the compiler will not use the extended instructions nor the indexed with literal offset addressing Non Real Time Refers to the processor at a breakpoint or executing single step instructions or MPLAB X IDE being run in simulator mode DS52085A page 148 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Non Vol
60. ained in the SRAM to allow faster programming The FPGA in the emulator serves as an accelerator for interfacing with the device in circuit debugger modules 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 83 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Q On traditional emulators the data must come out on the bus in order to perform a complex trigger on that data Is this also required on the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator For example could halt based on a flag going high A Traditional emulators use a special emulator chip ME for monitoring There is no ME with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator so there are no busses to monitor externally With the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator rather than using external breakpoints the built in breakpoint circuitry of the debug engine is used the busses and breakpoint logic are monitored inside the part Q Does the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator have complex breakpoints A Yes You can break based on pass counts program memory execution at a specific address or data memory reads writes at a specific address You can also do event breakpoints break on an event sequenced breakpoints break after events occur in a specific order or ANDed breakpoint break when events occur all together Q One of the probe pins is labeled 5V How much drive capability does this probe have A This is a monitoring function allows you to see what VDD is actually being applied and used on th
61. al Messages 10 2 ERROR MESSAGES MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator error messages are listed below Text in error messages listed below of the form x a variable will display as text relevant to your particular situation in the actual error message Read Write Errors Emulator to Target Communication Errors Emulator to PC Communcation Errors Corrupted Outdated Installation Errors Debug Failure Errors Hardware Firmware Errors Miscellaneous Errors Internal Errors 10 2 1 Read Write Errors For the errors below read any instructions under your error message If these fail to fix the problem or if there are no instructions see Section 10 3 1 Read Write Error Actions Failed while writing to s Failed while reading s Failed to program device Failed to read device Failed to write to s memory Failed to erase the device Unable to read target register s Unable to write target register s Programming debug executive failed Programming program executive failed Failed to get Device ID 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 91 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 10 2 2 Emulator to Target Communication Errors For the errors below read any instructions under your error message If these fail to fix the problem or if there are no instructions see Section 10 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions Failed to reset the device Failed while sending cmd_INITCOMM command Failed whi
62. am mer mode and program the target with the simplest application possible e g a program to blink an LED If the program will not run then you know that something is wrong with the target setup 3 Itis possible that the target device has been damaged in some way e g over current Development environments are notoriously hostile to components Consider trying another target device 4 Microchip Technology Inc offers myriad demonstration boards to support most of its microcontrollers Consider using one of these applications which are known to work to verify correct MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator functionality Or use the Loop Back Test board to verify the emulator itself Section 12 6 Loop Back Test Board 5 Review emulator debug operation to ensure proper application setup Chapter 3 Operation 6 Ifthe problem persists contact Microchip DS52085A page 82 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 9 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ 9 1 INTRODUCTION Look here for answers A to frequently asked questions Q about the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system e How The Emulator Works e How Trace Works 8 and 16 Bit Devices e General Issues 9 2 HOW THE EMULATOR WORKS Q What s in the silicon that allows it to communicate with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator A Most silicon contains a debug module t
63. an anne sin ane ead 32 35 Hibernate inode 88 DIOR EE 57 58 73 104 High Voltage Isolation scsssssssssssssssseeesseeseeeeeeeeee 120 Clock Gwitching neni 104 eg High Speed Communication u 20 Code Protection Zeen A 39 3 Connections sense 32 Command line Programming 47 Driver Boards sgsr iaiia 116 Configuration Bits 39 e Receiver Board 117 Configuration bits set in code neee 45 Hubs USB 109 Convener Board High Sp ed io Standard ee 17 U pacte ee E Customer Support 132 l D IC Port Trape ris Men a heed need a ren 58 DAW EE 32 35 EE Ge ID Metz esegbt eet Aa en oi u 106 Data Capture iiaeiai e a 53 67 Data Rat 412 Indicator Lights 110 SE CL Instruction Trace PIC nd san 37 72 enug S Instrumented Trace 55 75 Executive 2e Men nn Mer termine 40 F VO Eet Age eege eege ER 36 58 Sequence of Operations 39 NATIVE Em Ta a i 35 57 Top Reasons Why You Can t 81 e EE 35 57 117 119 Debug Program Quick Reference cere 47 d Internet Address Microchip 132 Device and Feature Support 19 Isolator Unit 17 120 Diodes not on POGC PGD A FA ge ae fin pe dM Pian eS DMC EE 54 68 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 157 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE J STAG eet tice aes eege no 67 K Keep hardware
64. and has a limitation on how fast data can reliably be transmitted when using trace runtime watches and data capture The top end is when the processor has an operational speed of 15 MIPS The trace clock is derived from the main system clock of the device The 15 MIPS limit is a worst case limit For well designed boards with less signal integrity problems the limit may be higher Q Does the 15 MIPS limit apply to PIC32 devices A No The PIC32 MCU uses a fixed rate clock that doesn t derive from the target system clock It also uses a more robust communication protocol DS52085A page 84 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Frequently Asked Questions FAQ To debug a dsPIC DSC running at 30 MIPS is high speed communications necessary to do even basic debugging A Basic debugging at any device frequency can be accomplished with either standard or high speed Performance Pak communications My target board connector is for standard communications but I want to use high speed communications Can I use the high speed LVDS communications Performance Pak cables high speed to standard converter board and standard communication ICSP cable A No You cannot use the standard ICSP cable for high speed communications i e high device operational frequencies This introduces signal integrity issues due to the lower quality of cable transmission when using the RJ 11 converter board If the high speed receiver boar
65. atile Storage A storage device whose contents are preserved when its power is off NOP No Operation An instruction that has no effect when executed except to advance the PC Object Code The machine code generated by an assembler or compiler Object File A file containing machine code and possibly debug information It may be immediately executable or it may be relocatable requiring linking with other object files e g libraries to produce a complete executable program Object File Directives Directives that are used only when creating an object file Octal The base 8 number system that only uses the digits 0 7 The rightmost digit counts ones 8 the next digit counts multiples of eight 81 the next digit counts multiples of 64 82 etc Off Chip Memory Off chip memory refers to the memory selection option for the PIC18 device where memory may reside on the target board or where all program memory may be supplied by the emulator The Memory tab accessed from Options Development Mode pro vides the Off Chip Memory selection dialog box One to One Project Workspace Model The most common configuration for application development in MPLAB X IDE to is have one project in one workspace Select Configure gt Settings Projects tab and check Use one to one project workspace model Opcodes Operational Codes See Mnemonics Operators Symbols like the plus sign and the minus sign that are used when formin
66. ature Not all devices have software breakpoints For limitations on breakpoint operation including the general number of hardware breakpoints per device and hardware breakpoint skidding amounts see Limitations in the online help file EE DS52085A page 50 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Common Debug Functions 5 4 2 Hardware or Software Breakpoint Selection The following table compares hardware and software breakpoints TABLE 5 1 HARDWARE VS SOFTWARE BREAKPOINTS Feature HW Breakpoints SW Breakpoints Number of breakpoints Limited Unlimited Breakpoints written to Debug registers Program memory Breakpoints applied to Memory registers Code Time to set breakpoints Minimal Oscillator speed dependent programming Flash memory Breakpoint skidding Most devices See the online No help Limitations section for details Where information about the breakpoint is written in the device What kind of device feature applies to the breakpoint This is where the breakpoint is set To select hardware or software breakpoints 1 Select your project in the Project window Then select either File gt Project Properties or right click and select Properties 2 Inthe Project Properties dialog select REAL ICE under Categories 3 Under Option Categories select Debug Options 4 Check Use software breakpoints to use software breakpoints Uncheck to use hardware br
67. ay appear in this documentation TABLE 1 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS Description Represents Examples Arial font Italic Referenced books MPLAB X IDE User s Guide Emphasized text is the only compiler Initial caps A window the Output window A dialog the Settings dialog A menu selection select Enable Programmer Quotes A field name in a window or Save project before build dialog Underlined italic text with A menu path File gt Save right angle bracket Bold A dialog button Click OK A tab Click the Power tab Text in angle brackets lt gt A key on the keyboard Press lt Enter gt lt F1 gt Courier font Plain Sample source code define START Filenames autoexec bat File paths e mecl8 h Keywords _asm endasm static Command line options Opa Opa Bit values E Constants OxFF A Italic A variable argument file o Where file can be any valid filename Square brackets Optional arguments mpasmwin options file options Curly brackets and pipe character Choice of mutually exclusive arguments an OR selection errorlevel 0 1 Ellipses Replaces repeated text var_name var_name Represents code supplied by user void main void 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 11 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE RECOMMENDED READING This docume
68. can be used to verify that the emulator is functioning properly To use this board 1 Disconnect the emulator from the target and the PC 2 Insert the standard driver board if it is not already installed 3 Plug the loopback test board into the pod s logic probe connector 4 Connect the loop back test board to the standard driver board using the modular cable Reconnect the emulator to the computer Launch MPLAB X IDE Ensure that all existing projects are closed 7 Select Debug gt Run Debugger Programmer Self Test then select the specific REAL ICE you want to test and click OK 8 Ensure the loopback test board and cable are connected and click Yes to continue View the self test results in the emulator s Output window 10 After the emulator passes the self test disconnect the loopback test board from the emulator MPLAB IDE will detect and run the complete loop back test and give you a status PASS FAIL The loop back test board detection works by applying a short pulse on EXTO and detecting it on EXT on the logic probe connector Section 12 4 4 Logic Probe External Trigger Interface Once the board is detected the emulator applies stimulus to the clock data and VPP lines and reads the sequence back from the logic probe connector interface thus confirming proper signals levels and connectivity down to the connector interfaces 9 o FIGURE 12 5 LOOP BACK TEST BOARD CONNECTIONS Driver Board S
69. cation If you do not the other priorities will preempt the sampling priority and you will not capture these samples Timer Interval Enter a sampling interval This must be integer values 1 2 3 and so forth If you are not capturing data you may be missing samples given your current interval Try adjusting the unit selection and interval for example if you had 1 millisecond try 990 microseconds EE DS52085A page 102 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Function Summary TABLE 11 1 TRACE PROFILING OPTION CATEGORY CONTINUED Timer Interval Units Select a sampling interval unit e microseconds e milliseconds seconds e instruction cycles 32 Bit Devices Options available on this page depend on the trace profiling features of the project device For more on trace and profiling see Chapter 7 Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices TABLE 11 2 TRACE PROFILING OPTION CATEGORY Data Collection Selection Enable Disable data collection Off Do not use trace of PC sampling e Instruction Trace Profiling see Section 7 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace and Section 7 5 PC Profiling e User Instrumented Trace see Section 7 4 Instrumented Trace Data File Path and Name Enter or change the path and or name of the file used to store data Data File Maximum Size bytes Set the maximum size of the data file Data Buffer Maximum
70. ce built in 2 RI F N SPI Trace RI N N UO Port Trace RI N N Trace Macros for C code RI N N Data Capture 2 RI F N Runtime Watch 2 RI ce N Application Input Output RI ICD3 N N Standard Speed Comm All c C High Speed Comm LVDS RI Cc c Processor Pak All D D External triggers logic probes RI C C MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit RI N N Legend Tools MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator RI MPLAB ICD 3 ICD3 PICkit 3 PK3 All 3 All C Current support Green D Support dependent on device Yellow F No support now but planned in the future Orange N Support Not Available Red Note 1 This feature operates differently depending on the selected device Note 2 At speeds higher than 15 MIPS the Performance Pak may be needed Note 3 Working At 8MHz or below 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 23 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 24 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 3 Operation 3 1 INTRODUCTION A simplified description of how the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system works is provided here It is intended to provide enough information so that a target board can be designed that is compatible with the emulator for both emulation and programming operations The basic theory of in circuit emulation and programming is described so that problems if encountered are quic
71. ce Debug Program nn 47 NACE ee Sek ca ee ah rae 61 R Reading Recommended nn 12 RECH Ee EE 12 REALICECMD nn nn nnnntnrrrnrnrnnnn 47 Receiver Board Hoh Gpoeed ne nsserree nenne 117 Reserved Resources by Device 41 Runtime Watch 53 67 S Schematics 100 Pin PIM 74 TE UK LEE 35 Skidding Breakpoint cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeees 105 ME ad i Moi 21 Software Breakpoints Selection 105 SPI Ne A 35 57 117 119 SOM K ee EE 47 Standard Communication 29 Connections menti ol 32 Driver BOAT ire a 112 ee EE E 50 T Table Read Protect 39 Target Connection GirCUItry EE 33 High Speed cccccesecceeeeeeeeaeeeeseeeaeeeeeeeeeaees 32 een EE 36 Improper Circuits 34 EE ee ated cat Mette N a 35 Standal deiei scien decousvenestedesuendarecuscteceters 32 Target Device TEE 39 Trace Instruction 70 gu Ce EE 55 Trace Connections 35 Trace Quick Reference 61 Trace Setup 5 ziak Pinka rk 102 Transition Gocket nn nn nn 17 Specifications sister 12 TR LK engt mem ne Montana 72 73 RDA LR eg 72 73 viet GC 51 External ie EES 51 110 Triggers Set p 2er d e t 103 U USB ed ei AM eS ees 109 156 TEE 17 28 ell 109 USB driVers cisnienia eoii e 45 User ID Memory idinn a aa 106 V AL RP TR RE LES
72. ce Yellow F No support now but planned in the future Orange N Support Not Available Red Note 1 This feature operates differently depending on the selected device Note 2 Atspeeds higher than 15 MIPS the Performance Pak may be needed Note 3 dsPIC30F Switch Mode Power Supply SMPS devices dsPIC30F 1010 2020 2023 Note 4 No SPI Trace for devices with SPI port pins multiplexed with PGC PGD pins Note 5 Nol O Port Trace for devices without a port with a full 8 bits available for trace OR devices with pin counts of 44 or less 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 21 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 2 3 8 BIT DATA MEMORY DEVICES PIC18 The following table shows feature support for PIC18 MCUs Feature Tools PIC18FxxJ PIC18FxxK Pekan Reset application All C C c Run Halt All C c C Single Step All c C CG Full Speed Emulation All c C Cc Hardware Breakpoints All c C Cc Advanced Breakpoints RI ICD3 c C Cc Software Breakpoints RI ICD3 c D 3 c Peripheral Freeze 1 All c C c Break on data fetch or write All C Cc c Break on Stack overflow All C C Cc Stopwatch All c D N Pass Counter All c C Cc WDT overflow All C N N Native Trace built in 2 RI c D 4 N SPI Trace RI Cc c C 1 0 Port Trace RI Cc c c Trace Macros for C code RI Cc D 4 c Data Capture 2 RI c D 4 N Runtime Watch 2 RI c D 4 N Application Input Out
73. chnologies including computing and communications Interrupt A signal to the CPU that suspends the execution of a running application and transfers control to an Interrupt Service Routine ISR so that the event may be processed Upon completion of the ISR normal execution of the application resumes Interrupt Handler A routine that processes special code when an interrupt occurs DS52085A page 144 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Interrupt Request An event which causes the processor to temporarily suspend normal instruction exe cution and to start executing an interrupt handler routine Some processors have several interrupt request events allowing different priority interrupts Interrupt Service Routine ALU30 C18 C30 A function that handles an interrupt IDE User generated code that is entered when an interrupt occurs The location of the code in program memory will usually depend on the type of interrupt that has occurred Interrupt Vector Address of an interrupt service routine or interrupt handler IRQ See Interrupt Request ISO See International Organization for Standardization ISR See Interrupt Service Routine L value An expression that refers to an object that can be examined and or modified An I value expression is used on the left hand side of an assignment Latency The time between an event and its response Librarian See Archiver Library See Archive Linker
74. clock thus leaving 7 bits for data 128 Bit 6 is a flag which indicates a trace record instead of a log record For a trace record bit 6 is 1 the low order bits represent the trace number nnnnnn You could say 0 63 are the legal trace numbers and require the trace flag be set but it was just easier to combine the flag with the number and say the valid numbers are 64 127 clock 1 n n n n n n bit 7 bit O For a log record bit 6 is 0 the low order bits identify the data type t and the log number is sent in the next byte nnnnnnn thus freeing up a full 128 values clock 0 t t t t t t bit 7 bit O clock n n n n n n n bit 7 bit O 6 3 10 Quick Trace Reference If you are new to using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator trace feature it is recommended that you read through the entire trace section for a full understanding Use this section as a quick reference for trace 1 Select File gt Project Properties dialog Categories REAL ICE Options catego ries Trace Enable trace choose the type of trace and set other trace options 2 Select Window gt Debugging gt Trace to open the trace window in which to view trace data 3 Right click in your code to enter trace macros TRACE LOG as desired 4 Debug Run your project ER 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 61 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 6 4 PC SAMPLING PC sa
75. d is used do pins 7 8 have to be connected or can they just be left open A They can be left open The high speed receiver board weakly pulls them down What is the function of pin 6 the auxiliary pin A There is no function on pin 6 It is a legacy connection compatible with the typical ICSP 6 pin header definition 9 3 HOW TRACE WORKS 8 AND 16 BIT DEVICES Q When using trace is this connection electrically isolated in any way Le do the triggers have any isolation A They are buffered and DC adjusted to whatever VDD level you are running The buffers tristate when off This minimal isolation makes the system fast and opens the door to adapt to new and faster technologies However you may implement more RS 232 isolation 4 6 lines if desired but this may impact your speed Can we do trace by using the 5 or 6 ICSP pins only A Tracing is possible using the standard ICSP interface Does inputting execution speed in the Project Properties dialog File gt Project Properties REAL ICE category Clock option actually set communication clock A No The input box in this tab merely reports the speed to the emulator so that it can accurately control timing The actual communication speed is based on the target system clock Reporting the clock is needed only for Native trace data capture and runtime watches When would SPI trace be used What extra advantage does this have A SPI trace is faster than
76. d to describe trig gers breakpoints and interrupts Executable Code Software that is ready to be loaded for execution Export Send data out of the MPLAB X IDE in a standardized format Expressions Combinations of constants and or symbols separated by arithmetic or logical operators Extended Microcontroller Mode In Extended Microcontroller mode on chip program memory as well as external mem ory is available Execution automatically switches to external if the program memory address is greater than the internal memory space of the PIC18 device Extended Mode PIC18 MCUs In Extended mode the compiler will utilize the extended instructions e ADDFSR ADDULNK CALLW MOVSF MOVSS PUSHL SUBFSR and SUBULNK and the indexed with literal offset addressing External Label A label that has external linkage External Linkage A function or variable has external linkage if it can be referenced from outside the module in which it is defined External Symbol A symbol for an identifier which has external linkage This may be a reference or a definition External Symbol Resolution A process performed by the linker in which external symbol definitions from all input modules are collected in an attempt to resolve all external symbol references Any external symbol references that do not have a corresponding definition cause a linker error to be reported External Input Line An external input signal logic probe line TRIGIN
77. e can capture data using a form of Runtime Watch for these devices Not all data points will be captured DS52085A page 20 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Device and Feature Support 2 2 16 BIT DATA MEMORY DEVICES The following table shows feature support for dsPIC30F 33F DSCs and PIC24F H MCUs Feature Tools EE PIC24F pare dsPIC30F Reset application All C C C C c Run Halt All c C Cc c C Single Step All c C Cc c CG Full Speed Emulation All c C Cc C Cc Hardware Breakpoints All c C Cc c Cc Advanced Breakpoints RI ICD3 c C Cc C Cc Software Breakpoints RI ICD3 c C Cc C c Peripheral Freeze 1 All c C Cc c C Break on data fetch or write All C c C Cc c Break on Stack overflow All N N F F N Stopwatch All C C Cc c N Pass Counter All C Cc c C c WDT overflow All c C Cc c N Native Trace built in 2 RI c c c c N SPI Trace RI F c c D 4 Di UO Port Trace RI F c c D DS Trace Macros for C code RI Cc c C Cc c Data Capture 2 RI c C Cc c N Runtime Watch 2 RI c c c N Application Input Output RI ICD3 C N N N N High Speed Comm LVDS RI c C c Cc Cc Processor Pak All F F D F N External triggers logic probes RI c C Cc c C MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit RI C C Cc N N Legend Tools MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator RI MPLAB ICD 3 IICD3 PICkit 3 PK3 All 3 All C Current support Green D Support dependent on devi
78. e driver buffers The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator cannot provide power to the target Q Are any of the driver boards optoisolated or electrically isolated A They are DC optoisolated but not AC optoisolated To apply high voltage 120V to the current system see Section 13 4 MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit Opto lsolator Q What limitations are there with the 4 PGC or 5 PGD pins only A There are several limiations on these pins The standard ICSP RJ 11 cable does not allow for clock speeds greater than about 15 Mb sec For these high speed applications the Performance Pak high speed LVDS cable interface is required Some circuitry should not be used on these pins See Section 3 5 4 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Functioning Also refer to Develop ment Tools Design Advisory DS51764 Q Will this slow down the running of the program A There is no cycle stealing with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator The output of data is performed by the state machine in the silicon Q How do connect CLK and DAT when using high speed communications A These connections are optional and used for SPI trace For more information see Section 3 6 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed LVDS Connection Q What is meant by the data rate is limited to 15 MIPS when using the standard board Is this caused by the core processor or transfer rate A The standard board uses the RJ 11 cable
79. e two MPASM assembler shells one for the DOS version and one for the Windows version Simulator A software program that models the operation of devices Single Step This command steps though code one instruction at a time After each instruction MPLAB X IDE updates register windows watch variables and status displays so you can analyze and debug instruction execution You can also single step C compiler source code but instead of executing single instructions MPLAB X IDE will execute all assembly level instructions generated by the line of the high level C statement Skew The information associated with the execution of an instruction appears on the proces sor bus at different times For example the executed opcode appears on the bus as a fetch during the execution of the previous instruction The source data address and value and the destination data address appear when the opcode is actually executed and the destination data value appears when the next instruction is executed The trace buffer captures the information that is on the bus at one instance Therefore one trace buffer entry will contain execution information for three instructions The number of cap tured cycles from one piece of information to another for a single instruction execution is referred to as the skew Skid When a hardware breakpoint is used to halt the processor one or more additional instructions may be executed before the processor halts The number
80. eakpoints Note Using software breakpoints for debug impacts device endurance Therefore it is recommended that devices used in this manner not be used as production parts 5 4 3 Breakpoint and Stopwatch Usage Breakpoints halt execution of code To determine the time between the breakpoints use the stopwatch Please refer to the MPLAB X IDE Help for how to set up and use breakpoints and the stopwatch 5 5 EXTERNAL TRIGGERS LOGIC PROBES Use external triggers to set up hardware triggers using the logic probes All pins whether used or unused should either be pulled up or grounded Floating pins may produce false triggers External triggers can be used as input to halt program execution when an external event occurs They can also be used as output to control external devices To use probe pins as inputs you must provide the circuitry to drive them see Table 12 3 Logic Probe Electrical Specifications for drive levels You will not be able to use external triggers if you are using the logic probe port for another debug feature such as e I O Port trace see Section 6 3 3 3 I O Port Trace e PIC32 Instruction trace see Section 7 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace For more on external trigger hardware see Section 12 4 4 Logic Probe External Trigger Interface 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 51 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 52 2013 Micr
81. eases are available at the Microchip web site http www microchipdirect com myMICROCHIP PERSONALIZED NOTIFICATION SERVICE Microchip s personal notification service helps keep customers current on their Microchip products of interest Subscribers will receive e mail notification whenever there are changes updates revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool Please visit http www microchip com pcn to begin the registration process and select your preferences to receive personalized notifications A FAQ and registration details are available on the page which can be opened by selecting the link above When you are selecting your preferences choosing Development Systems will pop ulate the list with available development tools The main categories of tools are listed below e Compilers The latest information on Microchip C compilers assemblers linkers and other language tools These include all MPLAB C compilers all MPLAB assemblers including MPASM assembler all MPLAB linkers including MPLINK object linker and all MPLAB librarians including MPLIB object librarian Emulators The latest information on Microchip in circuit emulators This includes the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator In Circuit Debuggers The latest information on Microchip in circuit debuggers These include the PICkit 2 PICkit 3 and MPLAB ICD 3 in circuit debuggers MPLAB IDE The latest inf
82. eceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeneeeneeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeess 70 7 4 Instrumented Trace ssrin a a a a a aa 75 TOPCO Gr le Le WEE 75 7 6 Application In Out ccccccccccccecccecccecceeeceeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeceeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeess 76 7 7 Additional Debug Features ccccceceeeeceecceeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeaes 78 Part 3 Troubleshooting Chapter 8 Troubleshooting First Steps lau tee Le ON EE EN 8 2 The 5 Questions to Answer First sssennnnssnnensnsnrresnnrrorerrrrsrrrrrrssnrrrrerreren 81 8 3 Top Reasons Why You Can t Debug cccccceeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeies 81 8 4 Other Things to Consider ist enr pute en nn 82 Chapter 9 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ GbRluurgee fe de TEE ER 9 2 How The Emulator Works 83 9 3 How Trace Works 8 and 16 Bit Devices 85 9 4 General EE 87 Chapter 10 Messages 10 71 laikoa AO EE 91 10 2 Error Ee EE 91 10 3 General Corrective ACTIONS cccccccceseccecceceeeeececeeseeesaeeneeeeeeanseeeetaneeeeees 96 10 4 Informational E EE 97 DS52085A page 6 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Table of Contents Part 4 Reference Chapter 11 Emulator Function Summary hf dr ele De de EE 101 11 2 Emulator Selection and Switching eeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenseenseneeeeaes 101 11 3 Emulator Options Selection 101 11 4 Emulator Windows 8 Dialogs 107 Cha
83. eir associations to various build tools and build options Prologue A portion of compiler generated code that is responsible for allocating stack space pre serving registers and performing any other machine specific requirement that is specified in the runtime model This code executes before user code for a given function Prototype System A term referring to a user s target application or target board PWM Signals Pulse Width Modulation Signals Certain PIC MCU devices have a PWM peripheral Qualifier An address or an address range that is used by the Pass Counter or as an event before another operation in a complex trigger Radix The number base hex or decimal used in specifying an address Random Access Memory RAM Data emory in which information can be accessed in any order Raw Data The binary representation of code or data associated with a section Read Only Memory ROM Memory hardware that allows fast access to permanently stored data but prevents addition to or modification of the data Real Time When an in circuit emulator or debugger is released from the Halt state the processor runs in Real Time mode and behaves exactly as the normal chip would behave In Real Time mode the real time trace buffer of an emulator is enabled and constantly captures all selected cycles and all break logic is enabled In an in circuit emulator or debugger the processor executes in real time until a valid breakpoint cause
84. en the driver is active on the pod the receiver is active in the receiver board Alternatively when the driver is active on the receiver board the corresponding receiver is active in the driver board providing transmitting and receiving capability at both ends The receiver board contains an 8 pin 0 100 inch centers header and is used to connect to the target board or a debug header The receiver board circuitry may be implemented on the target system to avoid using the receiver board FIGURE 13 2 MODULAR CONNECTORS PINOUT OF HIGH SPEED RECEIVER BOARD 1 8 1 8 Front view of Modular Connectors on HS Receiver Board Bottom view of Modular Connectors Pinout on HS Receiver Board J3 Pinout Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 1 DATAEN Std Data Enable 5 USPID Serial Data 2 DATAEN Std Data Enable 6 CLKEN Std Clock Enable 3 CLKEN Std Clock Enable 7 USPIC Serial Clock 4 USPID Serial Data 8 USPIC Serial Clock Optional see Section 3 6 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed LVDS Connection J2 Pinout Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 1 LVD LV Std Data 5 GND Ground 2 LVD LV Std Data 6 LVC LV Std Clock 3 LVC LV Std Clock 7 VDD_TGT VDD on target 4 LV_Vop Power 8 VPP TGT VPP on target FIGURE 13 3 8 PIN HEADER PINOUT OF HIGH SP
85. en plug in the emulator 1 Reconnect to the emulator 2 Try the operation again It is possible the error was a one time glitch 3 The version of MPLAB IDE installed may be incorrect for the version of firmware loaded on the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Follow the steps outlined in Section 10 3 4 Corrupted Installation Actions 4 There may be an issue with the PC USB port See Section 10 3 5 USB Port Communication Error Actions 10 3 4 Corrupted Installation Actions The problem is most likely caused by a incomplete or corrupted installation of MPLAB IDE 1 Uninstall all versions of MPLAB IDE from the PC 2 Reinstall the desired MPLAB IDE version 3 Ifthe problem persists contact Microchip DS52085A page 96 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Messages 10 3 5 USB Port Communication Error Actions The problem is most likely caused by a faulty or non existent communications port 1 Reconnect to the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator 2 Make sure the emulator is physically connected to the PC on the appropriate USB port Make sure the appropriate USB port has been selected in the emulator Settings Make sure the USB port is not in use by another device If using a USB hub make sure it is powered 6 Make sure the USB drivers are loaded ak V 10 3 6 Debug Failure Actions The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator was unable to perform a debugging operation There are numerous reasons why this
86. eprogram after changing this setting Note Peripherals that are not frozen will operate at the FRC speed while debugging Target run time instruction speed Enter a value for the Speed unit selected Example 1 For a PIC24 MCU and a target clock oscillator at 32 MHz HS instruction speed 32 MHz 2 16 MIPS Example 2 For a PIC18F8722 MCU and a target clock oscillator at 10 MHz HS making use of the PLL x4 40 MHz instruction speed 40 MHz 4 10 MIPS Instruction speed units Select either KIPS Thousands 1 03 of instructions per second MIPS Millions 108 of instructions per second 11 3 4 Freeze Peripherals Select peripherals to freeze or not freeze on program halt TABLE 11 4 FREEZE PERIPHERALS OPTION CATEGORY Freeze Peripherals Freeze all peripherals on halt This options applies to PIC12 16 18 MCUs Peripheral Freeze this peripheral on halt This options applies to 16 and 32 bit MCUs PIC12 16 18 MCU Devices To freeze unfreeze all device peripherals on halt check uncheck the Freeze on Halt checkbox If this does not halt your desired peripheral be aware that some peripherals have no freeze on halt capability and cannot be controlled by the emulator dsPIC30F 33F PIC24F H and PIC32 Devices For peripherals in the list Peripherals to Freeze on Halt check to freeze that periph eral on a halt Uncheck the peripheral to let it run while the program i
87. es Digital Signal Processing The computer manipulation of digital signals i e analog signals sound or image which have been converted to digital form sampled Digital Signal Processor A microprocessor that is designed for use in digital signal processing Directives Statements in source code that provide control of the language tool s operation DS52085A page 140 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Download Download is the process of sending data from a host to another device such as an emulator programmer or target board DSC See Digital Signal Controller DSP See Digital Signal Processor dsPIC DSCs dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers DSCs refers to all Microchip DSC families DWARF Debug With Arbitrary Record Format DWARF is a debug information format for ELF files EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory A special type of PROM that can be erased electrically Data is written or erased one byte at a time EEPROM retains its contents even when power is turned off ELF Executable and Linking Format An object file of this format contains machine code Debugging and other information is specified in DWARF ELF DWARF provide better debugging of optimized code than COFF Emulation The process of executing software loaded into emulation memory as if it were firmware residing on a microcontroller device Emulation Memory Program memory contained within the emulat
88. es Trace 70 GONVENTIONS aramee hr svina no v dust 11 ESOT i ESE AEE ME eee Ted i cacti eh hernie entra 10 A Driver Board About Microchip Technology 133 High Speed 17 28 116 AC Line Isolation 120 Standard WEE 17 28 112 Le UA EE 115 Durability Card Guide 110 AC244005 0 eeccececeteeeeeeeeeeeaeceeeecaeseaeeeseetaeennees 120 DV244005 000 ceceeeeeee cece eeeeeceeeeseaeseeeeenaeeeeeeeeeees 110 Le RE 73 E App lO Eat ett dee et 63 76 e EE 63 76 EEPROM Memory 106 Auxilliary MEMOTY 106 EMUC EMUD seen 35 AVG e 33 Emulator Firmware Manual DOMIOSd RS 89 Erase All Before Program 105 B External Trogers eese nn 110 Boot Flash Memory 106 External Triggers Setup nn 103 Breakpoints EXT cee O Nr TN nt A a 36 111 elen ULC 50 F el niin eel elie ieee 50 Software 50 Feature Support 19 Firmware c Disconnected while Downloading 90 Cables Firmware Downloads nn 105 le EE 109 113 119 Freeze on Halta hr a 88 USB es ege 28 Freeze Peripherals Setup 104 CapacitOrs E E E ET 33 G Capacitors not on PGC PGD or MCLR 34 Capture Data ix 22 eo ev Ame RE 53 67 General Corrective Actions scesesesees eee 96 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Function H WING EE 34 Header Specification nn 12 IEK sas prit a
89. es have instruction trace so refer to your device data sheet Requirements for Trace e How Instruction Trace Works Setting Up and Using Trace Trace Hardware Specifications 7 3 1 Requirements for Trace The following is required to use trace for 32 bit PIC32 devices e MPLAB X IDE and a compatible 32 bit toolchain e PIC32MX Plug In Module PIM containing a device that supports trace and a trace port e MPLAB REAL ICE Trace Interface Kit containing a 12 inch trace cable and a trace adapter board 7 3 2 How Instruction Trace Works PIC32 instruction trace uses a MIPS32 M4K iFlowtrace mechanism which is a non intrusive hardware instruction trace You can use this trace to capture every instruction executed by the device The trace data is sent from the device using the pins TRCLK and TRD3 0 to the emulator The emulator streams this data to a trace buffer on the PC that acts like a rolling FIFO The amount of trace data is limited only by the size of the trace buffer This buffer can fill quickly even when set to the maximum size so it is wise to determine exactly what you need to capture Enable and set trace options in the Project Properties dialog Categories REAL ICE Option categories Trace and Profiling Here you may set Data selection enable disable trace and select the type of trace Data file path and name location of trace file Data file maximum size size of trace file Data Buffer maximum size
90. for setting an event based on external signals External RAM Off chip Read Write memory Fatal Error An error that will halt compilation immediately No further messages will be produced DS52085A page 142 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary File Registers On chip data memory including GPRs and SFRs Filter Determine by selection what data is included excluded in a trace display or data file Flash A type of EEPROM where data is written or erased in blocks instead of bytes FNOP Forced No Operation A forced NOP cycle is the second cycle of a two cycle instruc tion Since the PIC microcontroller architecture is pipelined it prefetches the next instruction in the physical address space while it is executing the current instruction However if the current instruction changes the PC this prefetched instruction is explic itly ignored causing an FNOP cycle Frame Pointer A pointer that references the location on the stack that separates the stack based arguments from the stack based local variables Provides a convenient base from which to access local variables and other values for the current function Free Standing An implementation that accepts any strictly conforming program that does not use complex types and in which the use of the features specified in the library clause ANSI 89 standard clause 7 is confined to the contents of the standard headers lt float h gt lt iso646 h gt lt limits h gt
91. g well defined expressions Each operator has an assigned precedence that is used to determine order of evaluation OTP One Time Programmable EPROM devices that are not in windowed packages Since EPROM needs ultraviolet light to erase its memory only windowed devices are eras able Pass Counter A counter that decrements each time an event such as the execution of an instruction at a particular address occurs When the pass count value reaches zero the event is satisfied You can assign the Pass Counter to break and trace logic and to any sequential event in the complex trigger dialog PC Personal Computer or PC PC Host Any PC running a supported Windows operating system 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 149 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Persistent Data Data that is never cleared or initialized This allows an application to preserve data across a device Reset Phantom Byte An unimplemented byte in the dsPIC architecture that is used when treating the 24 bit instruction word as if it were a 32 bit instruction word Phantom bytes appear in dsPIC hex files PIC MCUs PIC microcontrollers MCUs refers to all Microchip microcontroller families PICkit 1 2 and 3 Microchip s developmental device programmers with debug capability through Debug Express See the Readme files for each tool to see which devices are supported Plug ins The MPLAB X IDE has both built in components and
92. ganization responsible for formulating and approving standards in the United States Application A set of software and hardware that may be controlled by a PIC microcontroller Archive A collection of relocatable object modules It is created by assembling multiple source files to object files and then using the archiver to combine the object files into one library file A library can be linked with object modules and other libraries to create executable code Archiver A tool that creates and manipulates libraries ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character set encoding that uses seven binary digits to represent each character It includes upper and lower case letters digits symbols and control characters Assembler A language tool that translates assembly language source code into machine code Assembly Language A programming language that describes binary machine code in a symbolic form Assigned Section A section which has been assigned to a target memory block in the linker script file Asynchronously Multiple events that do not occur at the same time This is generally used to refer to interrupts that may occur at any time during processor execution Asynchronous Stimulus Data generated to simulate external inputs to a simulator device Attribute Characteristics of variables or functions in a C program that are used to describe machine specific properties Attribute Section Characteris
93. ger bus DS52085A page 110 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Hardware Specification FIGURE 12 1 LOGIC PROBE PINOUT ON EMULATOR 13 14 BOOQQAa E HE OU UUEE 1X Logic probes may be attached to this connector to give the functionality described in Table 12 2 The probes are color coded and labeled for easy identification TABLE 12 2 LOGIC PROBE PINOUT DESCRIPTION Pin VO Name Function Color 1 O vob VDD reference Red 2 O NC No connection Gray 3 O NC No connection Gray 4 l TCLK External synchronous clock Gray 5 1 0 ExT7 2 External input output bit 7 White 6 UO EXT6 External input output bit 6 White 7 VO EXT5 External input output bit 5 White 8 VO EXT4 External input output bit 4 White 9 1 0 EXT3 External input output bit 3 White 10 UO EXT2 External input output bit 2 White 11 1 0 EXT1 External input output bit 1 White 12 UO EXTO 2 External input output bit 0 White 13 Gnd GND System Ground Black 14 Gnd GND System Ground Black Note 1 Do not connect VDD to the target Note 2 not connected together The electrical specifications for logic probes are listed in Table 12 3 TABLE 12 3 LOGIC PROBE ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS EXTO and EXT are temporarily used during loop back test Ensure that they are Logic Inputs VIH VDD x 0 7V min VIL VDD x 0 3V max Logic Outputs VDD 5V
94. h as Vpp Also MCLR is usually comple mentary MCLR that is when the pin is pulled low a Reset occurs and when the pin is pulled high the device operates normally Internal MCLR When the MCLR enable configuration bit is cleared 0 a Reset signal is generated internally External MCLR When the MCLR enable configuration bit is set 1 the pin becomes an external Reset input MCU Microcontroller Unit An abbreviation for microcontroller Also uC Memory Model C30 A representation of the memory available to the application C18 A description that specifies the size of pointers that point to program memory Message Text displayed to alert you to potential problems in language tool operation A message will not stop operation Microcontroller A highly integrated chip that contains a CPU RAM program memory I O ports and timers Microcontroller Mode One of the possible program memory configurations of PIC18 microcontrollers In Microcontroller mode only internal execution is allowed Thus only the on chip program memory is available in Microcontroller mode Microprocessor Mode One of the possible program memory configurations of PIC18 microcontrollers In Microprocessor mode the on chip program memory is not used The entire program memory is mapped externally Mnemonics Text instructions that can be translated directly into machine code Also referred to as opcodes MPASM Assembler Micr
95. hat can communicate with the REAL ICE A small debug executive program is also needed to be programmed in the high area of memory sometimes in a separate area of memory called test mem ory On some small devices without on chip debugging capability an emulation header may be purchased to allow debugging Q How is the throughput of the processor affected by having to run the debug executive A The debug executive doesn t run while in Run mode so there is no throughput reduction when running your code i e the emulator doesn t steal any cycles from the target device However when you are doing Native trace each macro inserted takes about 200 instructions Therefore this will affect timing For more information see Section 6 3 8 Resource Usage Examples Q How does the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator compare with other in circuit emulators debuggers A Please refer to Section 3 2 Tools Comparison Q How does MPLAB IDE interface with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator to allow more features than in circuit debuggers A For some devices the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator communicates using the debug executive located in a special area of memory that does not use application program memory Also the debug exec is streamlined for more effi cient communication The emulator contains an FPGA large SRAM Buffers 1Mx8 and a high speed USB interface The program memory image is down loaded and is cont
96. he PC Sampling window will show the function name sample count for that function percentage sample count is of the total samples and a bar graph of the count For more on PC Sampling and Profiling see Section 6 4 PC Sampling 8 and 16 bit Devices Section 7 5 PC Profiling 32 bit Devices DS52085A page 108 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 12 Hardware Specification 12 1 INTRODUCTION The hardware and electrical specifications of the basic MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system are detailed 12 2 HIGHLIGHTS This chapter discusses e USB Port Power e Emulator Pod Standard Communication Hardware e Loop Back Test Board Target Board Considerations 12 3 USB PORT POWER The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is connected to the host PC via a Universal Serial Bus USB port version 2 0 compliant The USB connector is located on the back of the pod The system is capable of reloading the firmware via the USB interface System power is derived from the USB interface The emulator is classified as a high power system per the USB specification and requires 300 mA of power from the USB to function in all operational modes emulator programmer Note The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is powered through its USB con nection The target board is powered from its own supply The emulator cannot
97. he path and or name of the file used to store data Data File Maximum Size bytes Set the maximum size of the data file Data Buffer Maximum Size bytes Set the size of the data buffer up to 54600 bytes on board the emulator unit User Instrumented Trace Items Disable Trace Macros Check to temporarily disable trace macros or uncheck to enable trace macros To disable trace remove all macros and select Off under Data Collection Selection Communications Medium Select the trace medium if available device depen dent Native I O Port SPI UO Port Selection Specify the device port to be used for I O port trace The available combinations for the selected device will be listed SPI Selection Specify the device SPI pins to be used for SPI trace The available pins for the selected device will be listed PC Sample Items Only on Some 16 bit Devices Timer Selection Not Used by Applica Select a device timer to use to count PC samples tion Code Note You will no longer be able to use this timer in your application It will be dedicated to PC sampling Note You may select only one timer you cannot combine two timers to get a 32 bit timer Use of one of a 32 bit timer pair will prohibit that pair from oper ating as a 32 bit timer Timer Interrupt Priority Select an interrupt priority for the timer Note Select a priority that is higher than other priori ties you have set in your appli
98. ied with a DS number This number is located on the bottom of each page in front of the page number The numbering convention for the DS number is DSXXXXXA where XXXXX is the document number and A is the revision level of the document For the most up to date information on development tools see the MPLAB X IDE help Select the Help menu and then Topics to open a list of available help files INTRODUCTION This chapter contains general information that will be helpful to know before using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Items discussed include e Document Layout Conventions Used in this Guide e Recommended Reading 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 9 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE DOCUMENT LAYOUT This document describes how to use the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as a development tool to emulate and debug firmware on a target board as well as how to program devices The document is organized as follows Part 1 Getting Started e Chapter 1 About the Emulator What the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is and how it can help you develop your application e Chapter 2 Operation The theory of MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator operation Explains configuration options Part 2 Features Chapter 3 General Setup How to set up MPLAB IDE to use the emulator Chapter 4 Common Debug Functions A description of basic emulator feat
99. in Performance Pak provides high speed LVD S communications Useful for man aging high data rates noisy environments and long distances between the emula tor and the target Also supports SPI trace Contains a high speed driver board a high speed receiver board a high speed to standard converter board and cables to connect the emulator pod to a target board Transition socket connects the debug header to the target MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator unit optically isolates the emulator from the target It is useful for high power applications 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 17 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 18 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR Chapter 2 Device and Feature Support For the specified tools the following topics show the current and future support for devices as well as the device features depending on the selected device Note MPLAB X IDE Users For a list of currently supported devices and related features click on Release Notes on the Learn amp Discover tab of the Start Page e 32 Bit Data Memory Devices 16 Bit Data Memory Devices 8 Bit Data Memory Devices PIC18 e 8 Bit Data Memory Devices PIC10 12 16 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 19 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 2 1 32 BIT DATA MEMORY DEVICES The
100. in circuit emulator LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signaling A low noise low power low amplitude method for high speed gigabits per second data transmission over copper wire LVDS differs from normal input output I O in a few ways Normal digital UO works with 5 volts as a high binary 1 and 0 volts as a low binary When you use a differential you add a third option 5 volts which provides an extra level with which to encode and results in a higher maximum data transfer rate A higher data transfer rate means fewer wires are required as in UW Ultra Wide and UW 2 3 SCSI hard disks which use only 68 wires These devices require a high trans fer rate over short distances Using standard I O transfer SCSI hard drives would require a lot more than 68 wires Low voltage means that the standard 5 volts is replaced by either 3 3 volts or 1 5 volts LVDS uses a dual wire system running 180 degrees of each other This enables noise to travel at the same level which in turn can get filtered more easily and effectively With standard I O signaling data storage is contingent on the actual voltage level Volt age level can be affected by wire length longer wires increase resistance which lowers voltage But with LVDS data storage is distinguished only by positive and negative voltage values not the voltage level Therefore data can travel over greater lengths of wire while maintaining a clear and consistent data strea
101. ion Pak and Header Specification DS51292 This booklet describes how to install and use Processor Extension Paks PEPs and related debug headers to better debug selected devices without the loss of pins or resources See also the PEP and Header online help file Transition Socket Specification DS51194 Consult this document for information on transition sockets available for use with headers DS52085A page 12 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Part 1 Getting Started Chapter 1 About the Emulator sise 15 Chapter 2 Device and Feature Suppolrt oorurunrnnonnnnnnn nn nn nn nn 19 Chapter TE WEE 25 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 13 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 14 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 1 About the Emulator 1 1 INTRODUCTION The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is a modern emulator that supports hardware and software development for selected Microchip PIC microcontrollers MCUs and dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers DSCs An overview of the emulator is provided in this chapter e Emulator Features e How the Emulator Helps You e Emulator System e Emulator Kit Components 1 2 EMULATOR FEATURES The MPLAB REAL ICE emulation concept
102. kly resolved Tools Comparison Operational Overview Emulator Communications with the PC and Target Target Communication Connections Trace Connections Debugging with the Emulator Requirements For Debugging Programming with the Emulator Resources Used by the Emulator 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 25 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 3 2 TOOLS COMPARISON The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system differs physically and operationally from other Microchip debug tools as shown below Specific features may vary by device see the online help file for Device and Feature Support TABLE 3 1 DEBUG TOOLS COMPARISON MPLAB REAL ICE MPLAB ICD 3 BI MES Features Reeg S programmer debug in circuit emulator in circuit debugger express USB Speed High and Full High and Full Full Only USB Driver Microchip Microchip HID USB Powered Yes Yes Yes Power to Target No Yes Yes Programmable Vpp and Yes Yes Yes Vdd Vdd Drain from Target lt 1ma lt 1ma 20ma Overvoltage Overcurrent Yes HW Yes HW Yes SW Protection Device emulation Full speed Full speed Full speed HW Breakpoints Complex Complex Simple Stopwatch Yes Yes Yes SW Breakpoints Yes Yes No Non Volatile Program No No 512K bytes Image Serialized USB Yes Yes Yes Trace Yes No No Data Capture Yes No No Logic Probe Triggers Yes No No High Speed LVDS Yes No No Connection P
103. l a program Halt 7 3 3 4 VIEWING TRACE DATA When trace is enabled and code is run trace data will be collected by the emulator Once the device is halted trace data will be decoded and displayed in the Trace window Window gt Debugging gt Trace 7 3 4 Trace Hardware Specifications Specifications for hardware that supports PIC32 Instruction Trace are listed below 7 3 4 1 MPLAB REAL ICE TRACE INTERFACE KIT AC244006 The MPLAB REAL ICE Trace Interface Kit consists of an adapter board and trace cable Kit component dimensions and a pin connection diagram for the adapter board are shown below TABLE 7 1 KIT COMPONENT DIMENSIONS IN INCHES Component Length Width Height Adapter Board 0 900 0 800 0 6 Cable 12 0 0 5 0 0625 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 73 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE DS52085A page 74 FIGURE 7 4 ADAPTER BOARD PIN CONNECTION DIAGRAM From Emulator Logic Probe Port J1 i To Trace Cable PIM Trace Port J1 Reserved Reserved Signal Map 13 14 J2 TCLK Reserved J1 J2 R g 11 12 TRCLK 1 2 ne g e Reserved TCLK TRCLK TRDO 21 4 Reserved 7 8 Reserved 5 6 TRIG3 el e TRIG4 TRIG1 TRDO si a TRIG1 TRIG2 TRD1 3 4 TRIG2 TRD3 9 10 1 2 TRIG3 TRD2 Ge TRIG4 TRD3 GND Blue TRCLK Yellow TRDAT Green To use the logic p
104. le sending cmd SETPROBES command Failed while sending cmd_SETBRACKET Failed to get status Failed to send database If you receive this error 1 Try downloading again It may be a one time error 2 Try manually downloading the highest number jan file Invalid command response sent 0x x received 0x x Failed while trying to enter ICE test mode Failed while trying to start DMA test Failed to properly receive DMA test data Timed out while waiting to process data from endpoint 0x x transmission failure while receiveing streaming data Interrupted Exception occurred s Unable to start streaming data reception Unable to start run time data reception Failed getting PC 10 2 3 Emulator to PC Communcation Errors For the errors below read any instructions under your error message If these fail to fix the problem or if there are no instructions see Section 10 3 3 Emulator to PC Com munication Error Actions Failed to set debug options Failed while stepping the target Failed while halting the target Cannot communicate with s 10 2 4 Corrupted Outdated Installation Errors For the errors below read any instructions under your error message If these fail to fix the problem or if there are no instructions see Section 10 3 4 Corrupted Installation Actions Failed to download firmware If the Hex file exists Reconnect and try again If this does not work the file may be corrupted Reinstall MPLAB IDE If the Hex file d
105. leaners washing machines and other types of motor based systems where the MCU uses a non isolated power supply A DANGER Do not remove the board enclosure Depending on your application you could be exposing yourself to dangerous voltage levels The isolator connects on one end to the Performance Pak high speed cables The iso lator connects on the other end to the target using an 8 pin single line ICSP connector See Figure 13 9 To use this board 1 Obtain a Performance Pak AC244002 This board can only be used with the Performance Pak 2 Use this board instead of the high speed receiver board See Section 13 3 High Speed LVDS Communication Hardware Performance Pak for pin outs Because of the complexity and high dynamic voltage range the isolator currently pro vides MCU technology support only for some devices See online help Device and Feature Suppor for details Note Isolation does not support trace FIGURE 13 9 HIGH SPEED EMULATOR SYSTEM USING ISOLATOR UNIT Emulator Pod O EK Mo STATUS FUNCTION RESET Performance Pak r J Isolator l Microchip Isolator Unit Replaces High Speed Receiver Board DS52085A page 120 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Accessories FIGURE 13 10 13 4 1 Isolator Unit Design The isolator is a bridge where electrically hot signals are passed through transparently to
106. lick on the Available Plugins tab 3 Find DMCI and check the checkbox next to it 4 Click Install and follow the screens See also the Add Plug in Tools in the Additional Tasks section of the MPLAB X IDE help file To set up data capture 1 Build the project In the Projects window right click on the project name and select Build The project must be built to see the available symbols 2 Select Window gt Debugging gt Watches to open the Watches window 3 Right click in the window and select New Watch Select the symbol or SFR wish to watch in the New Watch window Click OK 4 Right click on the project and select Properties to open the Project Properties dialog Then click on the Real ICE category and select the Clock option category Enter instruction speed information 5 Select Tools gt Embedde gt DMCI gt DMCI Window to open the DMCI dialog 6 Setup the DMCI for this data capture See the DMCI help file for details Help gt Help Contents Plug In Tools section 7 Begin a debug session Debug gt Debug Project Input data using DMCI controls or view data in a DMCI graphical window 6 2 2 Runtime Watches and the Watch Window A runtime watch provides updating of a variable in the following windows during program execution instead of on halt e Watches Window gt Debugging menu e Memory Window gt PIC Memory Views menu To set up runtime watches 1 Build the p
107. lot Standard Driver Board Emulator Pod a _ Modular Cable x Logic Probe Connector a Loop Back Test Board 12 7 TARGET BOARD CONSIDERATIONS The target board should be powered according to the requirements of the selected device 1 6V 5 5V and the application Note The emulator cannot power the target The emulator does sense target power There is a 10 KQ load on VDD_TGT Depending on the type of emulator to target communications used there will be some considerations for target board circuitry e Section 3 5 3 Target Connection Circuitry Section 3 5 4 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Functioning Additional design considerations may be found in Development Tools Design Advisory DS51764 DS52085A page 114 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 13 Emulator Accessories 13 1 INTRODUCTION The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator has several different accessories to aid in different debugging conditions 13 2 HIGHLIGHTS This chapter discusses e High Speed LVDS Communication Hardware Performance Pak e MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit Opto lsolator e MPLAB REAL ICE JTAG Adaptor Board e Other Accessories 13 3 HIGH SPEED LVDS COMMUNICATION HARDWARE PERFORMANCE PAK For high speed LVDS communication with a target Section 3 4 2 High Speed LVDS Communication Performance Pak
108. ls Figure 3 14 illustrates the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system when it is ready for debugging FIGURE 3 14 MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR READY FOR DEBUGGING VDD Internal Taga Debug be Registers T Running e 12V 1 for Debug 5V VPP MCLR Executive 2 Internal Circuits aed fo Pinas xecutive Area FER PGG gt SCH Reserved 29 z for Debug 4 7 KQ 3 A oe Program Executive i 4 k e Memory PGD Hardware Stack Shared by Debug Exec Area Used by Debug Exec File Registers Typically in order to find out if an application program will run correctly a breakpoint is set early in the program code When a breakpoint is set from the user interface of MPLAB IDE the address of the breakpoint is stored in the special internal debug reg isters of the target device Commands on PGC and PGD communicate directly to these registers to set the breakpoint address Next the Debug gt Debug Project function is usually selected in MPLAB IDE The emu lator will then tell the debug executive to run The target will start from the Reset vector and execute until the Program Counter reaches the breakpoint address previously stored in the internal debug registers After the instruction at the breakpoint address is executed the in circuit debug mech anism of the target device fires and transfers control to the debug executive much like an i
109. lt stdarg h gt lt stdbool h gt lt stddef h gt and lt stdint h gt GPR General Purpose Register The portion of device data memory RAM available for general use Halt A stop of program execution Executing Halt is the same as stopping at a breakpoint Header Debug A circuit board containing a special debug device ICE ICD used with in circuit debuggers and emulators to debug application code For low pin count devices resources can be recovered when using a debug header See the Header Board Specification DS51292 for details Heap An area of memory used for dynamic memory allocation where blocks of memory are allocated and freed in an arbitrary order determined at runtime Hex Code Executable instructions stored in a hexadecimal format code Hex code is contained in a hex file Hex File An ASCII file containing hexadecimal addresses and values hex code suitable for programming a device Hexadecimal The base 16 numbering system that uses the digits 0 9 plus the letters A F or a f The digits A F represent hexadecimal digits with values of decimal 10 to 15 The rightmost digit counts ones 1 6 the next counts multiples of 16 161 the next counts multiples of 256 162 etc 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 143 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE High Level Language A language for writing programs that is further removed from the processor than assembly ICD In Circui
110. m Source http www webopedia com TERM L LVDS html Machine Code The representation of a computer program that is actually read and interpreted by the processor A program in binary machine code consists of a sequence of machine instructions possibly interspersed with data The collection of all possible instructions for a particular processor is known as its instruction set Machine Language A set of instructions for a specific central processing unit designed to be usable by a processor without being translated Macro A macro instruction is an instruction that represents a sequence of instructions in abbreviated form Macro Directives Directives that control the execution and data allocation within macro body definitions Makefile Export to a file the instructions to Make the project Use this file to Make your project outside of MPLAB X IDE i e with a make DS52085A page 146 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Under Project gt Build Options gt Project Directories tab you must have selected Assemble Compile Link in the project directory under Build Directory Policy for this feature to work Make Project A command that rebuilds an application recompiling only those source files that have changed since the last complete compilation MCLR Master Clear Master Clear MCLR is a function on a pin that causes a processor Reset MCLR is usually multiplexed with other functions suc
111. metic logic unit ALU to complete the execution of the instruction It controls the program memory address bus the data memory address bus and accesses to the stack Clean Under the MPLAB X IDE Project menu Clean removes all intermediary project files such as object hex and debug files for the active project These files are recreated from other files when a project is built COFF Common Object File Format An object file of this format contains machine code debugging and other information Command Line Interface A means of communication between a program and its user based solely on textual input and output Compiler A program that translates a source file written in a high level language into machine code Conditional Assembly Assembly language code that is included or omitted based on the assembly time value of a specified expression Conditional Compilation The act of compiling a program fragment only if a certain constant expression specified by a preprocessor directive is true 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 139 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Configuration Bits Special purpose bits programmed to set PIC microcontroller modes of operation A Configuration bit may or may not be preprogrammed Control Directives Directives in assembly language code that cause code to be included or omitted based on the assembly time value of a specified expression CPU See Central
112. mpling is a method for examining C code to determine how much time is spent in each function This information can show you where your program time is being spent so you may work to optimize your code For PC sampling a device timer is set up to take samples of program execution and display the results in the PC profiling window PC profiling is similar to PC sampling For details see Section 7 5 PC Profiling Currently to use PC sampling your project must be set up for e a 16 bit device e the MPLAB XC16 C Compiler version 1 10 or above To perform sampling 1 Open the Project properties window File gt Project Properties 2 Click on REAL ICE under Categories and select Trace and Profiling from the Options categories drop down box 3 Under Data Collection Selection select PC Sampling 2 Loading 9 Libraries 3 Building XC16 Global Options xc16 as xci6 gcc 2 xc164d 4 Setup your data file and timer in this window For reference see Section 11 3 1 Trace and Profiling Then click OK 5 Select Window gt Debugging gt PC Profiling This will open the PC Profiling window 6 Run your code and then halt 7 View the sampling data in the window Data is only displayed on halt 8 Right click in the window to pop up a menu to either clear the data or reload the data FIGURE 6 3 PC SAMPLING SELECTION AND SETUP Project Properties ApplO 16Bit x p 9
113. must be reported to MPLAB IDE on the Settings Clock tab for Native and SPI trace For Port I O Trace all 8 pins must be dedicated to trace i e not multiplexed with the currently used PGC and PGM pins For Port I O Trace ensure that the chosen port is able to output 0x00 and OxFF As a test set the port TRIS to 0 all outputs and set the LAT to a value in the watch window The value written to LAT should appear on the port pins Q My program halts while am tracing corrupting my trace data What s happening A The Watchdog timer can cause this behavior Ensure it is disabled by properly setting the configuration bits Q My PC went into power down hibernate mode and now my emulator won t work What happened A When using the emulator for prolonged periods of time and especially as a debugger be sure to disable the Hibernate mode in the Power Options Dialog window of your PC s operating system Go to the Hibernate tab and clear or uncheck the Enable hibernation check box This will ensure that all communication is maintained across all the USB subsystem components Q set my peripheral to NOT freeze on halt but it is suddenly freezing What s going on A For dsPIC30F 33F and PIC24F H devices a reserved bit in the peripheral control register usually either bit 14 or 5 is used as a Freeze bit by the debug ger If you have performed a write to the entire register you may have overwritten this bit The bit i
114. n ALU30 A section whose address is not fixed absolute The linker assigns addresses to relocatable sections through a process called relocation Relocation A process performed by the linker in which absolute addresses are assigned to relo catable sections and all symbols in the relocatable sections are updated to their new addresses ROM Read Only Memory Program Memory Memory that cannot be modified Run The command that releases the emulator from halt allowing it to run the application code and change or respond to I O in real time Run time Model Describes the use of target architecture resources Scenario For MPLAB SIM simulator a particular setup for stimulus control Section A portion of an application located at a specific address of memory Section Attribute A characteristic ascribed to a section e g an access section Sequenced Breakpoints Breakpoints that occur in a sequence Sequence execution of breakpoints is bottom up i e the last breakpoint in the sequence occurs first DS52085A page 152 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Serialized Quick Turn Programming Serialization allows you to program a serial number into each microcontroller device that the Device Programmer programs This number can be used as an entry code password or ID number SFR See Special Function Registers Shell The MPASM assembler shell is a prompted input interface to the macro assembler There ar
115. nce as the application circuit moves through the assembly line Microchip production programmers such as MPLAB PM3 MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator and MPLAB ICD 3 have been designed to be robust enough to tolerate these demanding environments Some top end tools have additional accessories The MPLAB REAL ICE Performance Pak has accelerators to speed up the communication and ICSP process The MPLAB PM3 programmer has interchangeable socket modules to support various devices out of circuit DS52085A page 150 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Profile For MPLAB SIM simulator a summary listing of executed stimulus by register Program Counter The location that contains the address of the instruction that is currently executing Program Counter Unit ALU30 A conceptual representation of the layout of program memory The program counter increments by 2 for each instruction word In an executable section 2 program counter units are equivalent to 3 bytes In a read only section 2 program counter units are equivalent to 2 bytes Program Memory IDE The memory area in a device where instructions are stored Also the memory in the emulator or simulator containing the downloaded target application firmware ALU30 C30 The memory area in a device where instructions are stored Project A project contains the files that are needed to build an application source code linker script files etc along with th
116. ng a Microchip demo board or one of your own design Have you fol lowed the guidelines for resistors capacitors for communications connections See Chapter 3 Operation 3 Have you powered the target The emulator cannot power the target 4 Are you using a USB hub in your set up Is it powered If you continue to have problems try using the emulator without the hub plugged directly into the PC 5 Are you using the standard communiction cable RJ 11 shipped with emulator If you have made a longer cable it can have communications errors If longer cables are required you should consider using high speed communications See Section 3 4 2 High Speed LVDS Communication Performance Pak 8 3 TOP REASONS WHY YOU CANT DEBUG 1 The oscillator is not working Check your Configuration bits setting for the oscillator If you are using an external oscillator try using an internal oscillator If you are using an internal a PLL make sure your PLL settings are correct 2 The target board is not powered Check the power cable connection 3 The Vdd voltage is outside the specifications for this device See the device programming specification for details 4 The emulator has somehow become physically disconnected from the PC and or the target board Check the communications cables connections 5 Emulator to PC communications has somehow been interrupted Reconnect to the emulator in MPLAB IDE 6 The device is code protected
117. nit Opto lsolator Kl DS52085A page 28 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Operation 3 4 1 Standard Communication The emulator system can be configured to use the standard connection for communi cating debug and programming instructions to the target This 6 pin connection is the same one used by other Microchip in circuit debuggers The standard driver board is plugged into the emulator pod to configure the system for communication with the target The modular cable can be either 1 inserted into a matching socket at the target where the target device is on the target board as shown in Figure 3 2 or 2 inserted into a standard adapter debug header combo available as a Processor Pak which is then plugged into the target board as shown in Figure 3 3 A debug header is a small circuit board with an ME2 ICE ICD device mounted onto it These devices provide debug functionality for production devices that 1 do not have on board debug circuitry or 2 cannot afford to lose I O pins for debugging For more on debug headers see the Debug Header Specification in Recommended Reading Note Older debug headers used a 6 pin RJ 11 connector instead of an 8 pin connector so these headers may be connected directly to the emulator To see the debug features of a device versus those of a debug header see the Devel opment Tools Selector on the Development Tools h
118. nnected directly to a target board whereas a header may be connected directly to or through a transition socket An example emulator system configuration is shown in Figure 1 1 For other possible configurations see Section 3 4 1 Standard Communication and Section 3 4 2 High Speed LVDS Communication Performance Pak FIGURE 1 1 EXAMPLE EMULATOR SYSTEM SETUP To PC SIDE VIEW Processor Extension Pak Emulator Pod Header Adapter Standard Communications Transition Socket Target Board DS52085A page 16 2013 Microchip Technology Inc About the Emulator 1 5 EMULATOR KIT COMPONENTS The components of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system kit are listed below 1 Emulator pod main unit 2 USB cable provides communications between the emulator and a PC and power to the emulator 3 Standard driver board and cable connects the emulator pod to a header module or target board 4 Logic probes used for external triggers and I O port trace 5 Loop back test board verifies emulator operation Additional hardware may be ordered separately See the Microchip website www microchip com for available items Some popular items are Processor Extension Pak provides a debug header for standard communica tions Contains an ICE header receiver board and a standard adapter board for debug headers with 8 pin connectors instead of 6 p
119. ns Run the project build and run from Run gt Run Project Items of note are 1 2 Installing USB drivers on Windows OS systems requires following specific instructions See MPLAB X IDE documentation for details Each emulator contains a unique identifier which when first installed will be recognized by the OS regardless of which computer USB port is used MPLAB X IDE operation connects to the hardware tool at runtime Run or Debug Run To always be connected to the hardware tool like MPLAB IDE v8 click in the Tools gt Options Embedded button Generic Settings tab Keep hardware tool connected checkbox Configuration bits must now be set in code They can only be viewed in the Configuration bits window Window gt Memory Format drop down set as Code Memory drop down set as Configuration Bits 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 45 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 4 3 COMMON DEBUG FEATURES Refer to the Help file Getting Started with MPLAB X IDE Debugging Code section for details on debug features This section includes Debug Running the Project build program and run from Debug gt Debug Project Using Breakpoints Stepping Through Code Using the Watch Window Viewing Memory Variables and the Call Stack Using the Call Graph OP Ol e 4 4 EMULATOR SPECIFIC DEBUG FEATURES Emulator specific debug features can be found under e Chapter 5 Common Debug Functi
120. ns However the selected device must have this feature If it does not one of the other trace methods may be used For more on this type of trace see Section 6 3 3 1 Native Trace 3 6 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed LVDS Connection Serial trace is an optional trace available using the device SPI and pins 7 DAT and 8 CLK The device is connected to the target using high speed LVDS communication hardware Performance Pak which provides the extra lines for clock and data The device does not have to be operating at high speeds to use this feature Figure 3 10 shows the proper connections As with pins 4 PGD and 5 PGC Section 3 5 4 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Functioning do not use pull up or pull down resistors capacitors or diodes FIGURE 3 10 SERIAL TRACE CONNECTIONS Emulator Pod Device SPI SDO serial data ouptut SCK serial clock a m 77 2 a Zz O ei r High Speed LVDS Connection eo Zu C Eu The DAT and CLK lines are intended for use with devices that do not have built in debug logic that allows tracing Native trace to use the PGD PGC EMUC EMUD pins The DAT line connects to either the target device SPI port SDO1 or SDO2 The CLK line connects to SCK1 or SCK2 When you dedicate these pins to tracing then any multiplexed function on these pins can no longer be used by the application For more on this type of trace see Section
121. nstructions within your error message The 17 5 rail is unable to turn on Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and reconnect If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The SRAM has failed its self test Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and reconnect If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The FPGA has failed its self test MPLAB IDE will attempt to download the latest firmware Please do not disconnect the REAL ICE during the download process If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The Driver board is missing Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE make sure the driver board is properly seated and reconnect If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The Main board serial EEPROM is missing Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and reconnect If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The Driver board serial EEPROM is missing Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and reconnect If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The DAC is missing Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and reconnect If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The Main boards trigger IO expander is missing Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and reconnect If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The Data pin I O test failed Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and reconnect If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The Driver I O expande
122. nt describes how to use the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Other useful documents are listed below The following Microchip documents are available and recommended as supplemental reference resources Release Notes for MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator For the latest information on using the emulator read the release notes under Release Notes and Support Documentation on the Start page The release notes contain update information and known issues that may not be included in this user s guide Using the MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator DS51749 This poster shows you how to hook up the hardware and install the software for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator MPLAB REAL ICE Isolation Unit Setup DS51858 This poster shows you how to hook up the optoisolation unit hardware for high power applications This information is also included in this document in Section 13 4 MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit Opto lsolator Debugger Design Advisory DS51764 A small document on guidelines and implementation considerations to ensure proper interfacing to the various development tools MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator Help File A comprehensive help file for the emulator is included with MPLAB X IDE Usage trou bleshooting and hardware specifications are covered This may be more up to date than the printed documentation Also emulator reserved resources and limitations are listed for various devices Processor Extens
123. nterrupt and the user s application is effectively halted The emulator commu nicates with the debug executive via PGC and PGD gets the breakpoint status information and sends it back to MPLAB IDE MPLAB IDE then sends a series of que ries to the emulator to get information about the target device such as file register con tents and the state of the CPU These queries are ultimately performed by the debug executive The debug executive runs just like an application in program memory It uses some locations on the stack for its temporary variables If the device does not run for whatever reason such as no oscillator a faulty power supply connection shorts on the target board etc then the debug executive cannot communicate to the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator and MPLAB IDE will issue an error message Another way to stop execution is to select Debug gt Pause This toggles the PGC and PGD lines so that the in circuit debug mechanism of the target device switches execu tion from the user s code in program memory to the debug executive Again the target application program is effectively halted and MPLAB IDE uses the emulator communications with the debug executive to interrogate the state of the target device DS52085A page 40 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Operation 3 9 PROGRAMMING WITH THE EMULATOR Use the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as a programmer to program a produc tion device i e a device not on a
124. o deselect the emulator as a debugger or programmer 1 Wait give the emulator time to finish any application tasks Then try to deselect the emulator again 2 Select Halt to stop any running applications Then try to deselect the emulator again 3 Unplug the emulator from the PC Then try to deselect the emulator again 4 Shut down MPLAB IDE REAL ICE failed to request DMA reads Unable to intialize REAL ICE database An Error occurred while running Address x Expected Value x Received Value x Target Device ID 0x x does not match expected Device ID 0x x Unable to properly create REAL ICE database 10 2 8 Internal Errors See Section 10 3 7 Internal Error Actions Initialization failed Unable to create ControlPointMediator Initialization failed Unable to create com object Initialization failed Unable to retrieve device information for device s Initialization failed Family class is unrecognized Initialization failed Failed while retrieving device database pic information Initialization failed Failed while retrieving tool database rice information Initialization failed Unable to load debug executive Initialization failed Unable to acquire emulation memory object Initialization failed Unable to acquire ToolExecMediator O S a EE EE 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 95 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 10 3 GENERAL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS These general corrective acti
125. ochip Technology s relocatable macro assembler for PIC microcontroller devices KeeLoq devices and Microchip memory devices MPLAB Language Tool for Device Microchip s C compilers assemblers and linkers for specified devices Select the type of language tool based on the device you will be using for your application e g if you will be creating C code on a PIC18 MCU select the MPLAB C Compiler for PIC18 MCUs 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 147 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE MPLAB ICD Microchip in circuit debuggers that work with MPLAB X IDE The ICDs support Flash devices with built in debug circuitry The main component of each ICD is the pod A complete system consists of a pod debug header with a device ICD target board cables and MPLAB X IDE software MPLAB X IDE Microchip s Integrated Development Environment MPLAB X IDE comes with an editor project manager and simulator MPLAB PM3 A device programmer from Microchip Programs PIC18 microcontrollers and dsPIC digital signal controllers Can be used with MPLAB X IDE or as a stand alone program mer Replaces PRO MATE II MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator Microchip next generation in circuit emulator that works with MPLAB X IDE The MPLAB REAL ICE emulator supports PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs The main compo nent of each ICE is the pod A complete system consists of a pod a driver and poten tially a receiver card c
126. ochip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 6 Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices 6 1 INTRODUCTION The following debug functions are specific to 8 and 16 bit devices e Data Capture and Runtime Watches e Instrumented Trace e PC Sampling e Application In Out e Additional Debug Features 6 2 DATA CAPTURE AND RUNTIME WATCHES Not all 8 and 16 bit devices support data capture and or runtime watches A list of supported features by device is available in online help For 8 and 16 bit devices breakpoints data captures and runtime watches use the same resources Therefore setting a data capture or runtime watch uses the resource for the selected symbol An 8 bit PIC can only watch 8 bit variables and a 16 bit PIC can only watch 16 bit variable For data captures and runtime watches at speeds higher than 15 MIPS the Perfor mance Pak may be needed The actual cutoff speed may vary depending on layout noise and similar considerations e Data Capture and DMCI e Runtime Watches and the Watch Window 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 53 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 6 2 1 Data Capture and DMCI Data capture provides streaming data from a device to the following e Data Monitoring and Control Interface DMCI Plug in To install the DMCI plug in 1 Select Tools gt Plugins The Plugins window will open 2 C
127. oes not exist Reinstall MPLAB IDE DS52085A page 92 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Messages The MPLAB REAL ICE is missing its Program Executive Please reconnect to the PC and try again The MPLAB REAL ICE is missing its Debug Executive Please reconnect to the PC and try again The MPLAB REAL ICE is missing its Device Database Please reconnect to the PC and try again The MPLAB REAL ICE is missing a Memory Object The current memory object in the MPLAB REAL ICE is corrupted Please retry the operation Unable to download debug executive If you receive this error while attempting to debug 1 Deselect the emulator as the debug tool 2 Close you project and then close MPLAB IDE 3 Restart MPLAB IDE and re open your project 4 Reselect the emulator as your debug tool and attempt to program your target device again Unable to download program executive If you receive this error while attempting to program 1 Deselect the emulator as the programmer 2 Close your project and then close MPLAB IDE 3 Restart MPLAB IDE and re open your project 4 Reselect the emulator as your programmer and attempt to program your target device again 10 2 5 Debug Failure Errors For the errors below read any instructions under your error message If these fail to fix the problem or if there are no instructions see Section 10 3 6 Debug Failure Actions Unable to open debug executive file s The target device is n
128. oject Properties dialog by doing one of the following a Click on the project name in the Project window and select File gt Project Properties b Right click on the project name in the Project window and select Properties 2 Under Categories click on REAL ICE 3 Select property pages from Options categories Click on an option to see its description in the text box below Click to the right of an option to change it Available option categories are Trace and Profiling External Triggers Clock Freeze Peripherals Debug Options Program Options Firmware Memories to Program 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 101 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 11 3 1 Trace and Profiling Depending on the device you have selected for your project you may be able to use trace or PC sampling profiling when debugging Enable and set up these features as specified below 8 Bit and 16 Bit Devices Options available on this page depend on the trace profiling features of the project device For more on trace and profiling see Chapter 6 Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices TABLE 11 1 TRACE PROFILING OPTION CATEGORY Data Collection Selection Enable Disable data collection e Off Do not use trace or PC sampling e User Instrumented Trace see Section 6 3 Instrumented Trace e PC Sampling see Section 6 4 PC Sampling Data File Path and Name Enter or change t
129. olled by an 2CM interface for sending receiving status information to from the emulator The high speed driver board assembly is inserted into the emulator pod via the card guide Note The driver board can support data rates up to 100M bits However due to device speeds the acutal rate is up to 20M bits FIGURE 13 1 MODULAR CONNECTORS PINOUT OF HIGH SPEED DRIVER BOARD Front view of Modular Connectors on HS Driver Board Bottom view of Modular Connectors Pinout on HS Driver Board J2 Pinout Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 1 LVD LV Std Data 5 GND Ground 2 LVD LV Std Data 6 LVC LV Std Clock 3 LVC LV Std Clock 7 VDD_TGT VDD on target 4 LV Von Power 8 VPP_TGT VPP on target J3 Pinout Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 1 DATAEN Std Data Enable 5 USPID Serial Data 2 DATAEN Std Data Enable 6 CLKEN Std Clock Enable 3 CLKEN Std Clock Enable 7 USPIC Serial Clock 4 USPID Serial Data 8 USPIC Serial Clock Optional see Section 3 6 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed LVDS Connection DS52085A page 116 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Accessories 13 3 2 High Speed Receiver Board A high speed receiver board assembly is also required when using LVDS connectivity This board is a counterpart to the high speed driver board assembly in the pod Wh
130. ome page on the Microchip website http Awww microchip com dts For more on the hardware see Section 12 5 Standard Communication Hardware FIGURE 3 2 STANDARD CONNECTION DEVICE WITH ON BOARD ICE CIRCUITRY Emulator Pod 2 GB Active GB STATUS FUNCTION RESET a Modular Cable Standard Driver Board 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 29 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE FIGURE 3 3 STANDARD CONNECTION ICE DEVICE Processor Pak Pe eg 1 Standard Emulator Pod Adapter Header L PE C STATUS i Device ICE FUNCTION RESET Standard Driver Board 3 4 2 High Speed LVDS Communication Performance Pak The emulator system can be configured to use the high speed LVDS connection for communicating debug and programming instructions to the target Compared to standard communication this form of communication provides the following features Noise cancellation from the low voltage differential signal LVDS technology which allows Data rates greater than 15 MIPS for data capture runtime watches and Native trace Longer distances between the emulator and the target Operation in noisy environments Two additional pins used for SPI trace The high speed driver board from the Performance Pak is plugged into the emulator pod to configure the system for this type of communication with the target The modular cables can be inse
131. ons Chapter 6 Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices e Chapter 7 Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices Debug features in these sections include Breakpoints and Stopwatch e External Triggers Logic Probes e Data Capture Runtime Watches and the DMCI e Trace If errors occur see e Part 4 Troubleshooting e Section 12 6 Loop Back Test Board DS52085A page 46 2013 Microchip Technology Inc General Setup 4 5 QUICK DEBUG PROGRAM REFERENCE The following table is a quick reference for using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emu lator as either a debug or program tool Please see previous chapters for information on proper emulator setup and configuration TABLE 4 1 DEBUG VS PROGRAM OPERATION Item Debug Program Needed Hardware A PC and target application Microchip demo board or your own design Emulator pod USB cable communication driver board s and cable s Device with on board debug circuitry or debug header with special ME2 ICE ICD device Device with or without on board debug circuitry MPLAB IDE selection Project Properties REAL ICE as Hardware Tool Debug gt Debug Run Program Target Project toolbar button Program operation Programs appliation code into the device Depending on the selections on the Project Properties dialog this can be any range of program memory In addition a small debug exec
132. ons may solve your problem Read Write Error Actions Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions Corrupted Installation Actions USB Port Communication Error Actions Debug Failure Actions Internal Error Actions 10 3 1 Read Write Error Actions If you receive a read or write error D 1 Did you hit Abort This may produce read write errors 2 Try the action again It may be a one time error 3 Ensure that the target is powered and at the correct voltage levels for the device See the device data sheet for required device voltage levels 4 Ensure that the emulator to target connection is correct PGC and PGD are connected 5 For write failures ensure that Erase all before Program is checked on the Program Memory tab of the Settings dialog 6 Ensure that the cable s used are of the correct length maximum 6 for standard communications and 10 for high speed communications 10 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator and the target device are out of synch with each other 1 Select Reset and then try the action again 2 Ensure that the cable s used are of the correct length maximum 6 for standard communications and 10 for high speed communications 10 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator and MPLAB IDE are out of synch with each other 1 Unplug and th
133. options avaiable in this window see Section 11 4 2 Application In Out Window and Related Dialogs 7 7 ADDITIONAL DEBUG FEATURES In addition to the debug features covered previously 32 bit devices have the other debug features such as Freeze on Halt which allows you to freeze selected periph erals on a halt For a complete list of debug functions windows and dialogs see Chapter 11 Emulator Function Summary DS52085A page 78 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Part 3 Troubleshooting Chapter 8 Troubleshooting First Steps ss 81 Chapter 9 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ 83 Chapter 10 Messages iiie ent niku kos 91 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 79 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 80 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 8 Troubleshooting First Steps 8 1 INTRODUCTION If you are having problems with MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator operation start here The 5 Questions to Answer First Top Reasons Why You Can t Debug e Other Things to Consider 8 2 THE 5 QUESTIONS TO ANSWER FIRST 1 What device are you working with Often an upgrade to a newer version of MPLAB IDE is required to support newer devices That is yellow light untested support 2 Are you usi
134. or Emulator Hardware that performs emulation Emulator System The MPLAB REAL ICE system consists of a pod a driver and potentially a receiver card target board cables and MPLAB X IDE software Endianness The ordering of bytes in a multi byte object Environment IDE The particular layout of the desktop for application development PM3 A folder containing files on how to program a device This folder can be trans ferred to a SD MMC card Epilogue A portion of compiler generated code that is responsible for deallocating stack space restoring registers and performing any other machine specific requirement specified in the runtime model This code executes after any user code for a given function immediately prior to the function return EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory A programmable read only memory that usually can be erased by exposure to ultraviolet radiation 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 141 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Error File A file containing error messages and diagnostics generated by a language tool Errors Errors report problems that make it impossible to continue processing your program When possible errors identify the source file name and line number where the problem is apparent Event A description of a bus cycle which may include address data pass count external input cycle type e g fetch R W and time stamp Events are use
135. ormation on Microchip MPLAB IDE the Windows Integrated Development Environment for development systems tools This list is focused on the MPLAB IDE MPLAB IDE Project Manager MPLAB Editor and MPLAB SIM simulator as well as general editing and debugging features 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 131 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE e Programmers The latest information on Microchip programmers These include the device production programmers MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator MPLAB ICD 3 in circuit debugger MPLAB PM3 and development nonproduction programmers PICkit 2 and 3 e Starter Demo Boards These include MPLAB Starter Kit boards PICDEM demo boards and various other evaluation boards THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE Microchip provides online support via our web site at http www microchip com This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser the web site contains the following information Product Support Data sheets and errata application notes and sample programs design resources user s guides and hardware support documents latest software releases and archived software General Technical Support Frequently Asked Questions FAQs technical support requests online discussion groups Microchip consultant program member listing Business of Microchip Product selector and ordering guides
136. ot ready for debugging Please check your configuration bit settings and program the device before proceeding You will receive this message when you have not programmed your device for the first time and try to Run If you receive this message after this or immediately after programming your device please refer to Section 10 3 6 Debug Failure Actions An unknown exception has occurred Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and reconnect The Target is held in Reset Please ensure the MCLR line is pulled up or High Z d The Debug Executive is found but can t be communicated with Please ensure your oscillator settings are correct If the device supports internal RC try to connect via that mode first See also Section 10 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions REAL ICE was unloaded while still busy Please unplug and reconnect the USB cable before using REAL ICE again Target device was not found You must connect to a target device to use MPLAB REAL ICE 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 93 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE See also Section 10 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions Invalid streaming data was been detected Run time watch or trace data may no longer be valid Is recommended that you restart your debug session See the FAQ Data capture has become flaky What is going on 10 2 6 Hardware Firmware Errors For the errors below read any i
137. outstanding technical support along with dependable delivery and quality Voice 480 792 7200 Fax 480 792 7277 myMicrochip http Awww microchip com pcn Website http www microchip com Forums http www microchip com forums Support http support microchip com 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 133 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 134 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Appendix A Revision History Revision A January 2013 e Initial release of this document 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 135 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 136 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Glossary This glossary applies to al Microchip development tools documentation Therefore some terms have tool dependent meanings An abbreviation of each tool is used to identify each meaning Currently the following abbreviations are used IDE MPLAB IDE PM3 MPLAB PM3 Programmer C18 MPLAB C Compiler for PIC18 MCUs C30 MPLAB C Compiler for PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC DSCs ASM30 MPLAB Assembler for PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC DSCs Absolute Section A section with a fixed absolute address that cannot be changed by the linker Access Memory PIC18 Only Special registers on PIC18 de
138. p MCLR pin e Do not use capacitors on MCLR they will prevent fast transitions of VPP A simple pull up resistor is generally sufficient For the programming pins PGC PGD no componts should be connected or more specifically Do not use pull ups or pull downs on PGC PGD they will affect the voltage levels since these lines already have 4 7 kQ pull down resistors in the emulator Do not use capacitors on PGC PGD they will prevent fast transitions on data and clock lines during programming and debug communications and may cause debugging or programming failures Do not use diodes on PGC PGD they will prevent bidirectional communication between the emulator and the target device Additional design information may be found in the Development Tools Design Advi sory DS51764 For other operational issues see e Chapter 10 Messages e Chapter 9 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ e Section 10 3 6 Debug Failure Actions Top Reasons Why You Can t Debug e Section 12 6 Loop Back Test Board eh DS52085A page 34 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Operation 3 6 TRACE CONNECTIONS Depending on your selected device one or more trace capabilities may be available when the emulator is selected as the debug tool 3 6 1 Native Trace Connections No additional connections are necessary to use Native trace The communications connection will carry the trace information using the PGD PGC EMUC EMUD pi
139. plug in modules to configure the system for a variety of software and hardware tools Several plug in tools may be found under the Tools menu Pod MPLAB REAL ICE system The box that contains the emulation control circuitry for the ICE device on the header or target board An ICE device can be a production device with built in ICE circuitry or a special ICE version of a production device i e device ICE MPLAB ICD The box that contains the debug control circuitry for the ICD device on the header or target board An ICD device can be a production device with built in ICD cir cuitry or a special ICD version of a production device i e device ICD Power on Reset Emulation A software randomization process that writes random values in data RAM areas to simulate uninitialized values in RAM upon initial power application Pragma A directive that has meaning to a specific compiler Often a pragma is used to convey implementation defined information to the compiler MPLAB C30 uses attributes to convey this information Precedence Rules that define the order of evaluation in expressions Production Programmer A production programmer is a tool that has resources designed into it that program devices rapidly It has the capability to program at various voltage levels and completely adheres to the programming specification Programming a device as fast as possible is of prime importance in a production environment where time is of the esse
140. provide power to the target board Cable Length The PC to emulator cable length for proper operation has been tested for each driver board and is shipped in the emulator kit Powered Hubs If you are going to use a USB hub make sure it is powered Also USB ports on PC keyboards do not have enough power for the emulator to operate 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 109 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 12 4 EMULATOR POD The emulator pod DV244005 consists of a main board enclosed in the casing with a port for either of two driver boards for standard or high speed communication with a target On the emulator encloser are push buttons indicator lights LEDs and a logic probe connector interface 12 4 1 Main Board This component has an interface processor dsPIC DSC a USB 2 0 interface capable of USB speeds of 480 Mb sec a Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA for general system control and increased communication throughput an SRAM for holding the pro gram code image for programming into the emulation device on board Flash the exter nal trigger logic user interface push buttons and LED indicators The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system supports two types of interfaces to the target processor They consist of the standard driver board and an optional high speed driver board These boards are inserted into the emulator pod via a card guide Durability insertion life cycle of the card g
141. pter 12 Hardware Specification 12 11INrOdUCtON sien EE 109 122 el ele 109 12 3 USB Port Power EEE EE A A ET 109 NEE Gelee e EE 110 12 5 Standard Communication Hardware 112 12 6 Loop Back Test Board 114 12 7 Target Board Considerations ege dudd NEEN SERGE 114 Chapter 13 Emulator Accessories 193 1 INrOdUCtION EE 115 IRS e Fo ee 115 13 3 High Speed LVDS Communication Hardware Performance Pak 115 13 4 MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit Opto Isolator oooooonnnnonnrnrnnn 120 13 5 MPLAB REAL ICE JTAG Adaptor Board 125 13 6 Other Accessories nr v nt nn nn nn 130 SUPDOV ees T rn 131 Appendix A Revision History ss RR ER EE EE ERKENNEN 135 GIGSBSAT EE 137 de gt EEN 157 Worldwide Sales and Service ccccccsccccesseeceeeseeeeeneeeeeenseesceseseeaesessensseeeeeneesenees 160 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 7 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 8 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Preface NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS All documentation becomes dated and this manual is no exception Microchip tools and documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs so some actual dialogs and or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document Please refer to our web site www microchip com to obtain the latest documentation available Documents are identif
142. put RI ICD3 N N N Standard Speed Comm All c C c High Speed Comm LVDS RI c C Cc Processor Pak All F D F External triggers logic probes RI c C Cc MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit RI c N N Legend Tools MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator RI MPLAB ICD 3 ICD3 PICkit 3 PK3 All 3 All C Current support Green D Support dependent on device Yellow F No support now but planned in the future Orange N Support Not Available Red Note 1 This feature operates differently depending on the selected device Note 2 Atspeeds higher than 15 MIPS the Performance Pak may be needed Note 3 Families not supported PIC18F14K22 PIC18F14K50 Note 4 Families not supported PIC18F14K22 PIC18F14K50 PIC18F2xK20 4xK20 DS52085A page 22 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Device and Feature Support 2 4 8 BIT DATA MEMORY DEVICES PIC10 12 16 The following table shows feature support forPIC10 12 16 MCUs Feature Tools PIC 12F 16F1xxx PIC10F 12F 16F Reset application All C C Run Halt All C C Single Step All c C Full Speed Emulation All C Cc Hardware Breakpoints All c C Advanced Breakpoints RI ICD3 N N Software Breakpoints RI ICD3 C N Peripheral Freeze 1 All C C Break on data fetch or write All D N Break on Stack overflow All D N Stopwatch All D N Pass Counter All D N WDT overflow All D N Native Tra
143. r does not sense voltage on its VDD line pin 2 of the interface connector it will not connect with the device Not all devices have the AVDD and AVss lines but if they are present on the target device all must be connected to the appropriate levels in order for the emulator to oper ate This also applies to voltage regulator pins e g ENVREG DISVREG on PIC24FJ MCUs In general it is recommended per device data sheet that all VDD AVDD and Vss AVss lines be connected to the appropriate levels Also devices with a VCAP pin eg PIC18FXX devices should be connected as close to the device as possible and to the appropriatly valued capacitor or other internal regulator device See your device data sheet for proper values Note The interconnection is very simple Any problems experienced are often caused by other connections or components on these critical lines that interfere with the operation of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator sys tem as discussed in the next section 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 33 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 3 5 4 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Functioning Figure 3 9 shows the active emulator lines with some components that will prevent the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system from functioning FIGURE 3 9 IMPROPER CIRCUIT COMPONENTS Emulator Pod VPP MCLR W N W a Zz fe O E r ACTIVE For the Vp
144. r is enabled by default and needs to be disabled The target device must not have code protection enabled The target device must not have table read protection enabled For some devices with more than one PGC PGD pair the correct pair needs to be configured This is only needed for debugging since programming will work over any PGC PGD pair 3 8 1 Sequence of Operations Leading to Debugging Given that the Requirements For Debugging are met these actions can be performed when the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is set as the current tool File gt Project Properties Embedded category When Debug gt Debug Project is selected the application code is programmed into the device s memory via the ICSP protocol as described earlier A small debug executive program is loaded into the high area of program mem ory of the target device Since the debug executive must reside in program mem ory the application program must not use this reserved space Some devices have special memory areas dedicated to the debug executive Check your device data sheet for details Special in circuit debug registers in the target device are enabled by MPLAB IDE These allow the debug executive to be activated by the emulator For more on device reserved resources see the online help file The target device is run in debug mode 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 39 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 3 8 2 Debugging Detai
145. r is missing Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and reconnect If the problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The VPP generator could not set the proper voltage Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and then reconnect If problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The VDD generator could not set the proper voltage Please unplug the MPLAB REAL ICE and then reconnect If problem persists contact Microchip for assistance The Clock or Data line has clamped the external voltage Please remove your target probe the voltage levels and then reconnect Too much current has been drawn on VPP Please disconnect your circuit check the MCLR line for shorts and then reconnect Too much current has been drawn on VDD Please disconnect your circuit check the CLK and DATA lines for shorts and then reconnect Target Vdd not detected Please ensure the target device is connect DS52085A page 94 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Messages 10 2 7 Miscellaneous Errors For the errors below read any instructions under your error message could not open file There was a problem reading file Failed to set firmware suite Database intitialization failure Connection failed timed out waiting to REAL ICE to respond MPLAB has lost communication with REAL ICE Unable to connect to REAL ICE MPLABComm connect failure REAL ICE is busy Please wait for the current operation to finish If you receive this error when attempting t
146. r that Act Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WRITTEN OR ORAL STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE RELATED TO THE INFORMATION INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION QUALITY PERFORMANCE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use Use of Microchip devices in life support and or safety applications is entirely at the buyer s risk and the buyer agrees to defend indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages claims suits or expenses resulting from such use No licenses are conveyed implicitly or otherwise under any Microchip intellectual property rights QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFIED BY DNV ISO TS 16949 Trademarks The Microchip name and logo the Microchip logo dsPIC FlashFlex KEELOQ KEELOQ logo MPLAB PIC PICmicro PICSTART PIC logo rfPIC SST SST Logo SuperFlash and UNI O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U S A and other countries FilterLab Hampshire HI TECH C Linear Active Thermistor MTP SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
147. race related options See Section 11 3 1 Trace and Profiling 7 Click OK Next enter trace macros in your application code oak To record a PC location click on or highlight a line of code and then right click to select Insert Language Line Trace fro m the pop up menu where Language can be either C or ASM This causes the following macro line to be inserted above the selected line __ TRACE id where id is a line trace number auto generated during the build For more information see Section 6 3 9 More on Trace Log ID Numbers Note Inserting a macro into code may modify the logic flow of the program Please be sure that braces are present where necessary EEE ee DS52085A page 58 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices The recording of a variable value is performed much in the same way First high light the variable name or expression and then right click to select Log Selected Language Value from the pop up menu where Language can be either C or ASM This causes the following macro line to be inserted above the line containing the variable __LOG id selected variable where idis a log number auto generated during build and selected variable is the highlighted variable For more information see Section 6 3 9 More on Trace Log ID Numbers To remove a trace point simply highlight and then delete the Trace Log macro 6 3 5 Running
148. ramming the emulator puts program ming levels on VPP sends clock pulses on PGC and serial data via PGD To verify that the part has been programmed correctly clocks are sent to PGC and data is read back from PGD This conforms to the ICSP protocol of the device under development See the device programming specification for details ES DS52085A page 38 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Operation 3 8 REQUIREMENTS FOR DEBUGGING To debug set breakpoints see registers etc with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system there are critical elements that must be working correctly The emulator must be connected to a PC It must be powered by the PC via the USB cable and it must be communicating with MPLAB IDE software via the USB cable See Chapter 5 Common Debug Functions for details The emulator must be connected as shown to the VPP PGC and PGD pins of the target device with the modular interface cable or equivalent Vss and VDD are also required to be connected between the emulator and target device The target device must have power and a functional running oscillator either internal or external If the target device will not run for whatever reason the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator cannot debug The target device must have its configuration words programmed correctly The oscillator Configuration bits should correspond to RC XT etc depending upon the target design For some devices the Watchdog Time
149. robes instead of the trace cable see Section 3 6 4 PIC32 Instruction Trace Connections 7 3 4 2 PIC32MX PIM The PIC32MX PIM contains a PIC32 device that supports PIC32 Instruction Trace and a trace port connector Two current PIMs and their dimensions are shown in Table 7 2 see the Microchip website for up to date information A pin connection diagram is shown in Figure 7 5 TABLE 7 2 PIM DIMENSIONS IN INCHES PIM PIM Name Device Length Width Height MA320001 PIC32 PIM PIC32MX360F512L 1 55 1 55 0 9 MA320002 PIC32 USB PIM PIC32MX460F512L 1 55 1 55 0 9 FIGURE 7 5 PIC32MX PIM PIN CONNECTION DIAGRAM 22 ohm resistors are used for impedance Remove resistors to isolate trace pins from target board matching J1 Si r 70 _ 22 1 2 0 22 3 4 2 0 f 22 5 6 PIM From Trace Cable 96 0 Q 22 7 8 Trace Adapter Board Port J2 S T 0 T 22 9 10 Port re To PIM Ground SN cllk DH O EEE ES All processor pins PIC32MX connected directly VDD Vss to their respective PIM pins unless otherwise specified Vop Max 3 6V To PIM Ground 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices 74 INSTRUMENTED TRACE For some PIC32 devices instrumented trace is available see Chapter 2 Device and Feature Support For information on this trace see Section 6 3 Inst
150. roduction Programmer Yes Yes No DS52085A page 26 2013 Microchip Technology Inc OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Operation The emulator is connected to the PC via a USB port for communication and emulator power but not target power The emulator is connected to the target application for communication and data collection such as trace Below is a summary of possible connection configurations TABLE 3 2 CONNECTIONS FOR EMULATING 8 BIT AND 16 BIT DEVICES Connection Speed Debug Support 12 Trace Support 1 3 Standard 15 MIPS or less Data Capture Native Trace Communications Runtime Watch High Speed Greater than 15 MIPS Data Capture Native Trace Communications Runtime Watch SPI Trace Logic Port Probes 4 Device Dependent N A UO Port Trace Note 1 Support is device dependent See online help Note 2 For details see Section 6 2 Data Capture and Runtime Watches Note 3 For details see Section 6 3 3 Types of Trace Note 4 For details see Section 3 6 3 I O Port Trace Connections TABLE 3 3 CONNECTIONS FOR EMULATING 32 BIT DEVICES Connection Speed don is WEE e port Standard Communications or Device Dependent Data Capture N A High Speed Communications Runtime Watch MPLAB REAL ICE Trace Device Dependent N A PIC32 Interface Kit Logic Port Instruction Trace Note 1 Support is device dependent See
151. roject In the Projects window right click on the project name and select Build The project must be built to see the available symbols 2 Select Window gt Debugging gt Watches to open the Watches window 3 Right click in the window and select New Runtime Watch Select the symbol or SFR wish to watch in the New Run Time Watch window Click OK 4 Right click on the project and select Properties to open the Project Properties dialog Then click on the Real ICE category and select the Clock option category Enter instruction speed information 5 Begin a debug session Debug gt Debug Project Watch variable values change in the Watch window 6 Pause halt and open another window containing the watched variable Con tinue the program and watch the values change in this window DS52085A page 54 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices 6 3 INSTRUMENTED TRACE This section will discuss the available types of instrumented trace and how to use them 6 3 1 Requirements for Trace The following is required to use trace e Devices that support trace See MPLAB X IDE Limitations on the Learn amp Discover tab of the Start Page e In line assembly code assembly code within C code cannot be traced 6 3 2 How Trace Works Trace for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Instrumented Trace is a solution for providing basic trace information Through
152. rted into matching connectors at the high speed receiver board The high speed receiver board is attached via an 8 pin connector into either 1 the target board with an on board target device as shown in Figure 3 4 or 2 the debug header from the Processor Pak which is then plugged into the target board Figure 3 5 If your application is high voltage you will also need to replace the high speed receiver board with an A C isolator unit to isolate the target See Section 13 4 MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit Opto lsolator For more on the hardware see Section 13 3 High Speed LVDS Communication Hardware Performance Pak DS52085A page 30 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Operation FIGURE 3 4 HIGH SPEED LVDS CONNECTION DEVICE WITH ON BOARD ICE CIRCUITRY Performance Pak EN High Speed 7 Receiver Board Emulator Pod L K Va STATUS FUNCTION RESET Replace with isolator unit for high voltage LVDS High Speed Cables Driver Board l Ei ee Ul 1 FIGURE 3 5 HIGH SPEED LVDS CONNECTION ICE DEVICE Performance Pak z High Speed Header from Receiver Board Processor Pak Emulator Pod L CE STATUS FUNCTION RESET keeten l Replace with isolator unitfor high voltage ENIE ___ 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 31 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 3 5 TARGET COMMUNICATION CONNECTIO
153. rumented Trace 7 5 PC PROFILING PC profiling is a method for examining C code to determine how much time is spent in each function This information can show you where your program time is being spent so you may work to optimize your code For PC profiling every program counter PC trace sample is taken from the trace data buffer and profiled This data is displayed in the PC Profiling window as shown in Figure 7 6 In this example the trace buffer contains 21 000 PC sample data points Of these 7859 or 37 42 where associated with the main function 6023 or 28 68 with the subra function etc PC profiling is similar to PC sampling For details see Section 6 4 PC Sampling To perform profiling 1 Setup your hardware for PIC32 Instruction trace see Section 7 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace 1 Open the Project properties window File gt Project Properties 2 Click on REAL ICE under Categories and select Trace and Profiling from the Options categories drop down box 3 Under Data Collection Selection select Instruction Trace Profiling 4 Setup your data file in this window For reference see Section 11 3 1 Trace and Profiling Then click OK 5 Select Window gt Debugging gt PC Profiling This will open the PC Profiling window 6 Run your code and then pause halt 7 View the profiling data in the window Data is only displayed on halt 8 Right click in the window
154. s FIGURE 6 2 BUILD OPTIONS TRACE TAB NATIVE TRACE SELECTION Project Properties PIC18KProject D Categories s Gene Options for Real ICE El Conf default Option categories Trace and Profiling Re Reset gt Real ICE 9 Loading ata Collection Selection 9 Libraries ata File Path and Name 9 Building El o C30 Global Options ata File Maximum Size bytes 2 pic30 as ata Buffer Maximum Size bytes gt Re isable Trace Macros pic304d munications Medium imer Selection Not Used by Application Code imer Interrupt Priority Option Description The trace and log information transmitted is identical regardless of the trace method used For TRACE a single value in the range of 64 127 is sent A label generated using this number is automatically inserted into the code so MPLAB IDE can identify in the trace buffer the location that sent the value For LOG a two byte header is sent followed by the value of the variable being logged The first byte indicates the variable type and is a value between 0 and 63 The second byte indicates the location which sent the variable Here the location is represented by a value between 0 and 127 See Section 6 3 9 More on Trace Log ID Numbers Interrupts are disabled during every TRACE and LOG call This is to ensure that trace or log statements at an interrupt level do not interfere with a trace or log statement that ma
155. s a halt or until the user halts the execution In the simulator real time simply means execution of the microcontroller instructions as fast as they can be simulated by the host CPU 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 151 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Real Time Watch A Watch window where the variables change in real time as the application is run See individual tool documentation to determine how to set up a real time watch Not all tools support real time watches Recursive Calls A function that calls itself either directly or indirectly Recursion The concept that a function or macro having been defined can call itself Great care should be taken when writing recursive macros it is easy to get caught in an infinite loop where there will be no exit from the recursion Reentrant A function that may have multiple simultaneously active instances This may happen due to either direct or indirect recursion or through execution during interrupt processing Relaxation The process of converting an instruction to an identical but smaller instruction This is useful for saving on code size MPLAB ASM30 currently knows how to RELAX a CALL instruction into an RCALL instruction This is done when the symbol that is being called is within 32k instruction words from the current instruction Relocatable An object whose address has not been assigned to a fixed location in memory Relocatable Sectio
156. s halted If you do not see a peripheral on the list check All Other Peripherals If this does not halt your desired peripheral be aware that some peripherals have no freeze on halt capability and cannot be controlled by the emulator To select all peripherals including All Other Peripherals click Check All To deselect all peripherals including All Other Peripherals click Uncheck All DS52085A page 104 2013 Microchip Technology Inc 11 3 5 Debug Options Emulator Function Summary Use software breakpoints if available for the project device TABLE 11 5 DEBUG OPTIONS OPTION CATEGORY Use Software Breakpoints Check to use software breakpoints Uncheck to use hardware breakpoints See discussion below to determine which type is best for your application TABLE 11 6 SOFTWARE VS HARDWARE BREAKPOINTS Features Software Breakpoints Hardware Breakpoints Number of breakpoints unlimited limited Breakpoints are written to program memory debug registers Time to set breakpoints oscillator speed dependent minimal can take minutes Skidding no yes Note Using software breakpoints for debug impacts device endurance Therefore it is recommended that devices used in this manner not be used as production parts 11 3 6 Choose to erase all memory before programming or to merge code TABLE 11 7 PROGRAM OPTIONS OPTION CATEGORY
157. s user accessible in Debug mode To avoid this problem write only to the bits you wish to change for your applica tion BTS BTC instead of to the entire register MOV DS52085A page 88 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Q When using a 16 bit device unexpected Reset occurred How do determine what caused it A Consider the following Ensure the Watchdog Timer is disabled in the configuration bits To determine a Reset source check the RCON register Handle traps interrupts in an interrupt service routine ISR You should include trap c style code i e void attribute interrupt _OscillatorFail void void attribute interrupt _AltOscillatorFail void void attribute __interrupt_ _OscillatorFail void INTCONIbits OSCFAIL 0 Clear the trap flag while 1 void attribute __interrupt_ _AltOscillatorFail void INTCONIbits OSCFAIL 0 while 1 How can I manually download the firmware A For an active project that uses the emulator Select File gt Project Properties to open the Properties window Click on the Real ICE category and select Firmware from the drop down Option Categories Uncheck Use Latest Firmware and browse for the Firmware File at location lt install path gt MPLABX mplab ide mplablibs modules ext REALICE jar Select the jam file you want and click OK Click Reset
158. ser s Guide for MPLAB X IDE DS52085A page 60 6 3 7 To temporarily turn off trace data collection Disabling Trace 1 Select File gt Project Properties dialog Categories REAL ICE Options categories Trace and Profiling 2 Check Disable Trace Macros 3 Click OK To disable the full trace capability 1 Remove all trace and log macros from code 2 Select File gt Project Properties dialog Categories REAL ICE Options categories Trace and Profiling 3 Under Data Collection Selection choose Off 4 Click OK 6 3 8 The following examples are for illustration only Your results may vary based upon compiler assembler version command line options MPLAB IDE version size of data variable being logged interrupt state and device in use All examples include argument setup function call and return time in their cycle counts Resource Usage Examples The PIC18FXXJ MCU examples are compiled assembled for non priority interrupt usage 30 instructions For priority interrupt usage the value is 57 and for no interrupt usage the value is 15 The dsPIC33F DSC examples show 9 instructions specified in the 16 bit library size for memcpy EXAMPLE 6 1 PIC18FXXJ DEVICE RUNNING AT 4MHZ 1 MIPS WITH ASSEMBLY PROJECT Native SPI UO Port Library Size in instructions 23 30 37 30 25 30 GPRs Used in bytes 8 6 6 __ TRACE id instruction cycles 80 54 42 __LOG id BYTE ins
159. size of the trace buffer The maximum off chip PC trace buffer size is 22MB Execution will not halt when this external buffer is full See also Section 11 3 1 Trace and Profiling DS52085A page 70 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices FIGURE 7 1 PIC32 INSTRUCTION TRACE OPTIONS Project Properties ApplO x BEO oor Options for Real ICE Wie Option categories Trace and Profiling at Reset 2 Loading ata Collection Selection 9 Libraries ata File Path and Name Building XC32 Global Options jata File Maximum Size bytes 2 xc32 as ata Buffer Maximum Size bytes 9 wir isable Trace Macros 2 xc32 g gt xc324d ommunications Medium Native b 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 71 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 7 3 3 Setting Up and Using Trace PIC32 Instruction Trace requires hardware and software setup before you can trace 7 3 3 1 HARDWARE SETUP PIC32 MCU ON PIM To use the PIC32 Instruction Trace feature with the PIM do the following 1 Plug the PIM into an unpowered target board 2 Install communication cable s between the emulator and your target board See Section 3 5 Target Communication Connections 3 Connect the trace cable from the trace port on the PIM to the trace adapter board Orient the cable as show in Figure 7 2 FIGURE 7 2 TRACE CONNECTION WITH P
160. t Debugger The MPLAB ICD3 In Circuit Debugger MPLAB ICD2 In Circuit Debugger PICkit 3 D E In Circuit Debugger Debug Express add on and PICkit 2 D E In Circuit Debugger Debug Express add on are the Microchip in circuit debuggers ICE In Circuit Emulator The MPLAB REAL ICE system is Microchip s next generation in circuit emulator ICSP In Circuit Serial Programming A method of programming Microchip embedded devices using serial communication and a minimum number of device pins IDE Integrated Development Environment MPLAB X IDE is Microchip s integrated development environment Identifier A function or variable name IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Import Bring data into the MPLAB X IDE from an outside source e g from a hex file Initialized Data Data that is defined with an initial value In C int myVar 5 defines a variable that will reside in an initialized data section Instruction Set The collection of machine language instructions that a particular processor understands Instructions A sequence of bits that tells a central processing unit to perform a particular operation and can contain data to be used in the operation Internal Linkage A function or variable has internal linkage if it can not be accessed from outside the module in which it is defined International Organization for Standardization An organization that sets standards in many businesses and te
161. tes of 12 Mbps USB 2 0 supports data rates up to 480 Mbps and is often referred to as high speed USB Vector The memory locations that an application will jump to when a Reset or an interrupt occurs Warning IDE An alert that is provided to warn you of a situation that would cause physical damage to a device software file or equipment ALU30 C30 Warnings report conditions that may indicate a problem but do not halt processing In MPLAB C30 warning messages report the source file name and line number but include the text warning to distinguish them from error messages Watch Variable A variable that you may monitor during a debugging session in a Watch window Watch Window Watch windows contain a list of watch variables that are updated at each breakpoint Watchdog Timer A timer on a PIC microcontroller that resets the processor after a selectable length of time The WDT is enabled or disabled and set up using Configuration bits WDT See Watchdog Timer Workbook For MPLAB SIM stimulator a setup for generation of SCL stimulus WorkSpace A workspace contains MPLAB X IDE information on the selected device selected debug tool and or programmer open windows and their location and other IDE configuration settings EE DS52085A page 156 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Index Numerics Documentation 32 Bit Devic
162. the use of TRACE and LOG macros you can report program locations or variable values to MPLAB IDE while the applica tion is running and examine them via the Trace window once the application halts You may type these macro names in manually or right click in the editor and select the macro to be inserted from the context menu To log a variable value the variable should be highlighted before selecting from the context menu FIGURE 6 1 EXAMPLE OF INSERTED LOG MACRO D Projects32 PIC24F Code Examples PIC24ExpWDemo c MAX int main void Start from displaying of PIC24 banners display state DISP_HELLO Setup Porta IOs as digital LOG O AD1PCFG ADIPCFG Oxffff Setup SPI to communicate to EEPROM SPIMPolInit Setup EEPROM IOs EEPROMInit 4 Setup the UART UART2Init 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 55 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE There are three trace methods available at this time see Section 6 3 3 Types of Trace The methods can be found on the Project Properties dialog REAL ICE Cate gory Trace Options Category page The choices include Native Trace utilizes PGC PGD communication lines SPI Trace and I O Port Trace Not every method is available on every part i e the options are device specific The Instrumented Trace library supports C and assembly projects on PIC18F MCU devices but only C projects on 16 bit device
163. tics of sections such as executable readonly or data that can be specified as flags in the assembler section directive DS52085A page 138 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Binary The base two numbering system that uses the digits 0 1 The rightmost digit counts ones 2 the next counts multiples of two 21 the next counts multiples of four 22 etc Bookmarks Use bookmarks to easily locate specific lines in a file Under the Edit menu select Bookmarks to manage bookmarks Toggle enable disable a bookmark move to the next or previous bookmark or clear all book marks Breakpoint Hardware Breakpoint An event whose execution will cause a halt Software Breakpoint An address where execution of the firmware will halt Usually achieved by a special break instruction Build Compile and link all the source files for an application C A general purpose programming language which features economy of expression modern control flow and data structures and a rich set of operators Calibration Memory A special function register or registers used to hold values for calibration of a PIC microcontroller on board RC oscillator or other device peripherals Central Processing Unit The part of a device that is responsible for fetching the correct instruction for execution decoding that instruction and then executing that instruction When necessary it works in conjunction with the arith
164. ting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 57 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 6 3 3 3 VOPORT TRACE I O Port trace can be used with either standard or high speed communications Trace clock and data are provided from a device 8 pin I O port through the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator logic probe connector The I O port must have all 8 pins available for trace The port must not be multiplexed with the currently used PGC and PGM pins Therefore review the data sheet of the selected device to determine the uninitialized default port pin states and change them as necessary For hardware connections see Section 3 6 3 I O Port Trace Connections The port interface uses the trace macro format see Section 6 3 4 Setting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE 6 3 4 Setting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE To set up MPLAB X IDE to use trace for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator 1 Right click on the project name and select Properties In the Project Properties dialog click on Real ICE under Categories 2 Under Option categories select Clock For data capture and trace the emu lator needs to know the instruction cycle speed Under Option categories select Trace and Profiling Under Data Collection Selection choose User Instrumented Trace Under Communications Medium choose either Native 1 0 PORT or SPI trace Set up any other t
165. tions to JTAG communications 2 Power down the target board 3 Disconnect the Standard Communciations cable from the target disconnect the USB cable from the emulator and unplug the Standard Driver Board from the emulator 4 Connect one end of the ribbon cable to the connector on the JTAG adaptor board it should plug in only one way and insert the JTAG adaptor board into the emulator driver board slot 5 Connect the other end of the ribbon cable to the connector on a target board such as the Microchip Explorer 16 development board The plug is keyed to fit only one way 6 Connect the USB cable to the emulator and power the target board To set up MPLAB X IDE for JTAG operation 1 Select File gt Project Properties In the Project Properties dialog click on your desired configuration e g Conf default 2 Click on the down arrow on the Supported Plugin Board dropdown box and select JTAG Driver Board Click OK to accept the setup EE 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 125 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE FIGURE 13 15 JTAG ADAPTOR BOARD CONNECTIONS AND SET UP Emulator Pod MPLAB X IDE Project Properties L E Active STATUS Supported Plugin Board None JTAG Driver Board FUNCTION RESET SE JTAG Adator Board Ribbon Cable Target Board with JTAG connector 13 5 3 Switch from JTAG to Standard Communications To switch the hardware
166. to pop up a menu to either clear the data or reload the data 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 75 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE FIGURE 7 6 PC SAMPLING WINDOW c3 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 169 110 111 L335 60f512l pes c X Hun ee SE gVarD 0 while 1 gFlag PC Sampling pic32mx360F512L_pcsampling Total Samples 21000 if gFlag 2 0 subrB if gFlag 1 0 subra if gFlag 4 0 subrc if gFlag 2 9 subrD Leben Ehe Function Sample Count main 7859 subrA 6023 subrB 2825 subrc 1365 subrD 2928 7 6 APPLICATION IN OUT Note This window is only available for devices that support the application in out function used with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator or MPLAB ICD 3 in circuit debugger For details see online help Device and Feature Support The application in out function cannot be used with PIC32 instruction trace The Application In Out window allows you to interact with a running application using the Application Input Output feature supported on some devices Using this feature data may be sent serially to and from the target application and during runtime over the same PGC PGD lines used for debugging Data written to the APPOUT register will be displayed to the
167. tool connected 45 Kit Components 17 L WEDS ss rfi inner an 110 Logic Probe Connector 110 External Triggers 51 UO Electrical Specifications 0 ceee 111 VO Por VT 36 PUM OW a eelere 111 LOGIC PrODOS sieci eieaa ieee 17 Loop Back Test Board A 17 114 Low Voltage Programming Enable 105 UNV DS r 116 117 LVP configuration bit 105 M MAS20001 2 inch nent ia 74 EC KEE 74 Memories to Program 106 Memory Ranges seeeseseneeeeseerreesrerensresrrenrererrnee 106 Memory window does not reflect changes 90 Modular Interface Cable ssnsneseesenneeene ne nerr nenene MPLAB REAL ICE Defined myMicrochip Personalized Notification Service 131 N Native Trace 35 57 P Parallel Trace siiicar 36 P E Prorilinej ii rea 75 Ee el e EE 62 PC Power Down 88 Performance Pak Benefis sits ea fans sess asst Asta minute 30 Hardware site toe eet et aa 115 PGC BG cece 32 33 34 35 38 39 40 PIC32 Instruction Trace 37 72 PIM zis a e a eee 29 31 72 POO v 17 28 Port Trace is ska ll 58 PORTX irasa tnat A tt tie te 36 Power Down mode nn r rrn nn 88 Preserve Memory oni 106 Processor Extension Pak Specification 12 Programming Command Ine ion nn AT PrOdUCHION 222 rade dese e ere 47 Pull up or Pull down resisters not on PGC PGD 34 Push Buttons insider 110 Q Quick Referen
168. trace buffer Trace Macro A macro that will provide trace information from emulator data Since this is a software trace the macro must be added to code the code must be recompiled or reassembled and the target device must be programmed with this code before trace will work Trigger Output Trigger output refers to an emulator output signal that can be generated at any address or address range and is independent of the trace and breakpoint settings Any number of trigger output points can be set Trigraphs Three character sequences all starting with that are defined by ISO C as replacements for single characters Unassigned Section A section that has not been assigned to a specific target memory block in the linker script file The linker must find a target memory block in which to allocate an unassigned section Uninitialized Data Data that is defined without an initial value In C int myVar defines a variable which will reside in an uninitialized data section 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 155 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Upload The Upload function transfers data from a tool such as an emulator or programmer to the host PC or from the target board to the emulator USB Universal Serial Bus An external peripheral interface standard for communication between a computer and external peripherals over a cable using bi serial transmission USB 1 0 1 1 supports data transfer ra
169. truction cycles 168 90 57 EXAMPLE 6 2 PIC18FXXJ DEVICE RUNNING AT 40MHZ 10 MIPS WITH C PROJECT Native SPI UO Port Library Size in instructions 75 30 87 30 112 30 GPRs Used in bytes 10 8 8 __ TRACE id instruction cycles 79 71 55 __LOG id INT instruction cycles 225 169 162 EXAMPLE 6 3 dsPIC33F DEVICE RUNNING AT 10 MIPS WITH C PROJECT Native SPI UO Port Library Size in instructions 87 9 92 9 93 9 GPRS Used in bytes 18 14 0 __ TRACE id instruction cycles 80 53 32 __LOG id INT instruction cycles 212 124 106 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices EXAMPLE 6 4 dsPIC33F DEVICE RUNNING AT 16 MIPS WITH C PROJECT Native SPI I O Port __ TRACE id instruction cycles 88 53 32 __LOG id INT instruction cycles 227 138 106 EXAMPLE 6 5 dsPIC33F DEVICE RUNNING AT 34 MIPS WITH C PROJECT Native SPI I O Port __ TRACE id instruction cycles 100 53 32 __LOG id INT instruction cycles 251 152 106 6 3 9 More on Trace Log ID Numbers MPLAB IDE will automatically generate the ID numbers required for a trace or log macro However to understand the method behind the numbering read further You can have 64 trace points and 128 log points These limits are determined by port trace 8 bits Bit 7 is used as a
170. uide 10 000 cycles 12 4 2 Push Buttons The push buttons have the following significance Related ae Push Button LED Description Reset Status Push to Reset the device Function Status Halt When running push to put the emulator in the Break or halted condition 12 4 3 Indicator Lights LEDs The indicator lights have the following significance TABLE 12 1 LED INDICATORS Type Color Condition Description Active Blue Lit Power has been applied or target has been connected Status Green Lit The emulator is operating normally standby Red Lit An operation has failed Blinking USB Comm error or driver not installed Orange Lit The emulator is busy 12 4 4 Logic Probe External Trigger Interface Probes can be connected to the 14 pin header on the side of the unit for processing external signals that are used for triggering external equipment This header contains 8 input output connections that are user selectable as inputs or outputs with logic levels that are proportional to the target operating voltage The outputs can be used for triggering an external logic analyzer or oscilloscope to allow the developer to capture events of interest based on trigger criteria set within MPLAB IDE The external trigger is a pulse of approximately 1 5 us This value is not determinsitic and the external tool should be triggered on a pulse edge The inputs are part of a trig
171. uration Memory etc e Window gt Debugging View debug information Select from varibles watches call stack breakpoints stopwatch and trace Trace is discussed more thoroughly in upcoming chapters To view your source code find the source code file you wish to view in the Project win dow and double click to open in a File window Code in this window is color coded according to the processor and build tool selected To change the style of color coding select Tools gt Options Fonts amp Colors Syntax tab For more on the Editor see NetBeans Help IDE Basics gt Basic File Features 5 4 BREAKPOINTS AND STOPWATCH Use breakpoints to halt code execution at specified lines in your code Use the stopwatch with breakpoints to time code execution Breakpoint Resources Hardware or Software Breakpoint Selection Breakpoint and Stopwatch Usage 5 4 1 Breakpoint Resources For 16 bit devices breakpoints data captures and runtime watches use the same resources So the available number of breakpoints is actually the available number of combined breakpoints triggers For 32 bit devices breakpoints use different resources than data captures and runtime watches So the available number of breakpoints is independent of the available number of triggers The number of hardware and software breakpoints available and or used is displayed in the Dashboard window Window gt Dashboard See the MPLAB IDE documentation for more on this fe
172. ures available in MPLAB IDE when the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is chosen as the debug tool This includes the debug features breakpoints stopwatch and external triggering Chapter 5 Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices A description of data capture runtime watches and trace for 8 and 16 bit data memory devices Includes the types of trace available and how to setup and use trace Chapter 6 Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices A description of data capture runtime watches and trace for 32 bit devices Includes hardware and software setup for use of PIC32 instruction trace Part 3 Troubleshooting e Chapter 7 Troubleshooting First Steps The first things you should try if you are having issues with emulator operation e Chapter 8 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ A list of frequently asked questions about emulator operation and issues e Chapter 9 Messages A list of error messages and suggested resolutions Part 4 Reference Chapter 10 Emulator Function Summary A summary of emulator functions available in MPLAB IDE when the MPLAB REAL ICE emulator is chosen as the debug or program tool Chapter 11 Hardware Specification The hardware and electrical specifications of the emulator system Includes a description of how to use the loop back test board DS52085A page 10 2013 Microchip Technology Inc CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE Preface The following conventions m
173. usly 8 and 16 bit devices have the other debug features such as Freeze on Halt which allows you to freeze selected peripherals on a halt For a complete list of debug functions windows and dialogs see Chapter 11 Emulator Function Summary ESO a a 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 65 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 66 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 7 Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices 7 1 INTRODUCTION The following debug functions are specific to 32 bit devices Note For PIC32 devices the JTAG port may need to be disabled to prevent conflicts when using trace and other ICE features where pin conflicts can result e Data Capture and Runtime Watches e PIC32 Instruction Trace e Instrumented Trace e PC Profiling Application In Out e Additional Debug Features 7 2 DATA CAPTURE AND RUNTIME WATCHES Not all 32 bit devices support data capture and or runtime watches A list of supported features by device is available in online help For PIC32 devices breakpoints use different resources than data captures and runtime watches However data captures and runtime watches use the same resources Therefore setting a data capture or runtime watch uses the resource for the selected symbol Note The Performance Pak is not required for debugging at maximum
174. utive is placed in program memory and other debug resources are reserved Programs appliation code into the device Depending on the selections on the Project Properties dialog this can be any range of program memory Debug features available All for device breakpoints trace etc N A Command line operation N A Use REALICECMD found by default in C Program Files Micro chip MPLAB IDE Programmer Utilities RealICE Serial Quick Time Programming SQTP N A Use the MPLAB PM3 to generate the SQTP file Then use REALICECMD to program the device 4 6 DEBUGGER PROGRAMMER LIMITATIONS For a complete list of emulator limitations for your device please see the online help file in MPLAB IDE for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 47 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE NOTES DS52085A page 48 2013 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR USER S GUIDE FOR MICROCHIP MPLAB X IDE Chapter 5 Common Debug Functions 5 1 INTRODUCTION Common MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator debug functions are discussed Starting and Stopping Emulation Viewing Processor Memory and Files Breakpoints and Stopwatch External Triggers Logic Probes 5 2 STARTING AND STOPPING EMULATION To debug an application in MPLAB X IDE you must create a project containing your source code so that the code ma
175. vices that allow access regardless of the setting of the Bank Select Register BSR Access Entry Points Access entry points provide a way to transfer control across segments to a function which may not be defined at link time They support the separate linking of boot and secure application segments Address Value that identifies a location in memory Alphabetic Character Alphabetic characters are those characters that are letters of the English alphabet a b Z A B Z Alphanumeric Alphanumeric characters are comprised of alphabetic characters and integers 0 1 9 ANDed Breakpoints Set up an ANDed condition for breaking i e breakpoint 1 AND breakpoint 2 must occur at the same time before a program halt This can only be accomplished if a data breakpoint and a program memory breakpoint occur at the same time 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 137 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE Anonymous Structure C30 An unnamed structure C18 An unnamed structure that is a member of a C union The members of an anon ymous structure may be accessed as if they were members of the enclosing union For example in the following code hi and 1o are members of an anonymous structure inside the union caster union castaway int intval struct char lo accessible as caster lo char hi accessible as caster hi caster ANSI American National Standards Institute is an or
176. window while user input will be sent to the target application and available in the APPIN register To use the Application In Out window e Use the device specific header file when building your application to use the macros assigned in the header per Example 7 1 e Alternatively the PIC32 MCU library has printf and scanf functions for use with the Application In Out feature Refer to the PIC32 Debug Support Library chapter in 32 Bit Language Tools Libraries DS51685 DS52085A page 76 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 32 Bit Devices EXAMPLE 7 1 APPLICATION IN OUT MACRO USAGE The following application code reads the application input register and writes out a padded value of the input to the application output register include file include lt p32xxxx h gt set up config bits pragma config FWDTEN OFF initialize variables unsigned int val int Iz unsigned int oval int main void while 1 if _DDPSTATbits APIFUL APPI is full val APPI Read User Input for i 0 i lt 4 i while DDPSTATbits APOFUL APPO is full oval val OxFF if oval lt 0x20 oval 0x20 oval 0x20202000 _APPO oval Send to MPLAB X IDE val gt gt 8 To run this application 1 Create a project using the Project wizard a Select a supported device b Select REAL ICE or ICD 3 as the hardware tool c Use the MPLAB
177. y already be in progress at the application level A similar argument holds for protecting statements within a low priority interrupt from being corrupted by those from a high priority interrupt DS52085A page 56 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Specific Debug Functions 8 and 16 Bit Devices 6 3 3 Types of Trace Currently there are three types of trace All types are language tool version dependent and stream data in real time to MPLAB IDE The pluses and minuses of using each trace type as well as the type of communication available standard and or high speed are summarized below Code Real Device Communication Type of 5 Pin Trate Speed Size Time Usage Feature Impact Op 9 Needed Std HS Native Trace Fast Large Close None Built in 15 MIPS Greater than debug or less 15 MIPS SPI Trace Faster Medium Closer SPI SPI No Yes pins I O Port Trace Fastest Small Closest 8 pin None Yes 2 Yes 2 port Note 1 For Native trace running at speeds higher than 15 MIPS and for SPI Trace capabil ity the Performance Pak may be needed The actual cutoff speed may vary depending on layout noise and similar considerations Note 2 Also requires connection from device port to emulator logic probe port 6 3 3 1 NATIVE TRACE Native trace can be used with either standard or high speed communications with no additional connections the information is conve
178. y be built programmed into your device and executed as specified below To run your code select either Debug gt Debug Project or Debug Project from the Run toolbar To halt your code select either Debug gt Pause or Pause from the Debug toolbar To run your code again select either Debug gt Continue or Continue from the Debug toolbar To step through your code select either Debug gt Step Into or Step Into from the Debug toolbar Be careful not to step into a Sleep instruction or you will have to perform a processor Reset to resume emulation To step over a line of code select either Debug gt Step Over or Step Over from the Debug toolbar To end code execution select either Debug gt Finish Debugger Session or Finish Debugger Session from the Debug toolbar To perform a processor Reset on your code select either Debug gt Reset or Reset from the Debug toolbar Additional Resets such as POR BOR MCLR and System may be available depending on device 2013 Microchip Technology Inc DS52085A page 49 Emulator User s Guide for MPLAB X IDE 5 3 VIEWING PROCESSOR MEMORY AND FILES MPLAB X IDE provides several windows for viewing debug and various processor memory information selectable from the Window menu See MPLAB IDE online help for more information on using these windows e Window gt PIC Memory Views View the different types of device memory Depending on the selected device memory types include Program Memory SRFs Config
179. y little current from the target processor The actual power comes from the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulation system as the VDD sense line is used as a reference only to track the target voltage The VDD connection is isolated with an optical switch The clock and data connections are interfaces with the following characteristics e Clock and data signals are in high impedance mode even when no power is applied to the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system Clock and data signals are protected from high voltages caused by faulty targets systems or improper connections e Clock and data signals are protected from high current caused from electrical shorts in faulty target systems Note When using the standard driver board the rate for real time streaming data and tracing is limited to 15 MIPS FIGURE 12 2 MODULAR CONNECTOR PINOUT OF STANDARD DRIVER BOARD 1 6 XS G Modular Microcontroller Connector Pin Pin Front view of Modular Connector on Std Driver Board 1 Not Used 2 RB6 3 RB7 4 Ground 5 VDD Target 6 VPP Bottom view of Modular Connector Pinout on Std Driver Board DS52085A page 112 2013 Microchip Technology Inc Hardware Specification 12 5 2 Modular Cable and Connector For standard communications a modular cable connects the emulator and the target application The specifications for this cable and its connectors are listed below 12 5 2 1 MODULAR CABLE SPECIF
180. yed via the PGD PGC EMUC EMUD pins This two wire interface uses the trace macro format see Section 6 3 4 Setting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE Native trace requires that you enter the clock speed Properties dialog REAL ICE category Clock options category If Native trace is used then data captures cannot be used as these features use the same device resource Breakpoints are still available but be aware that Native trace will use one breakpoint for tracing This will NOT be reflected on the Device Debug Resource toolbar To use data capture triggers you must disable Native trace see Section 6 3 7 Disabling Trace 6 3 3 2 SPI TRACE SPI trace can be used only with high speed communication hardware LVDS cables Trace clock and data are provided through pins 7 DAT and 8 CLK on the receiver board of the LVDS connection The device does not have to be operating at high speeds to use this feature For devices with remappable peripheral pins be aware that the SPI trace macro does not touch any PPS register and does not need to know how the peripheral is mapped to a certain pin it will write to the SPI1 or SPI2 selected in MPLAB IDE SPI trace does require that you enter the clock speed Properties dialog REAL ICE category Clock options category For hardware connections see Section 3 6 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed LVDS Connection The SPI interface uses the trace macro format see Section 6 3 4 Set

MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator User's Guide

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