FireTactic® User's Manual Version 7.9
Contents
1. 9 Figure 1 7 Example of a contour made from a helicopter on the fire at Ensues 13 on IB Er Uoc m penta 10 Figure 1 7 The orange line shows a contour with a PDA at Ventabren 13 on 09 09 2004 11 Figure PEG ADI OL Pes OU CS iets dde sente pe pJ J e zz gz _g jKbA 11 Figure 1 9 Table of mesSS4ge8 EE ss 12 Figure 1 10 Possible diagram of the FireTactic system in a network 13 Figure 1 10 Possible diagram of the FireTactic system in a network 14 Figure 2 1 Example of three possible types of map display 17 Figure 2 2 The FIRETACTIC framework window and 3 main windows 18 Figure 2 3 Functionalities of the framework window menu bar 19 Figure 2 45 TMS tools 3VIBOO V ssedotecionio a ee 20 Figure 2 5 Incident selected in the tools window ss 21 Figure 2 6 Creating an incident ses 21 Figure 25 LIStOP existing CIS DUE 21 Figure 2 6 Graph COMMANdS den ane eo na ee ea einen 22 Fioure 2 9 The Various types OL graphs i i l n kas neyan bieda l len Ee tete an doses ma d edet pes d deus 27 Eioure 2sL0 5vmbol manage Bib a st ae S E 23 Figure 2 11 Example of engines and symbols 23 Figure 2 12 Simulation Will W i 3y assu penes ota ien ou ee bebed veda We ka s ha H b WA W E ee rd Kava2. You can now display the data sent using FireTactic functions FireTactic Page 34 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual ft Step by step simulation This part is intended to give a quick overview of how a simulation works from a real life example From data from the Departmental Plan for the Prevention of Forest Fires of February 1992 provided by the Departmental Directorate for Agriculture and Forestry of the Bouches du Rhone E Fire at G menos 21 August 1990 17 30 hours 768 hectares E Circumstances of the fire The meteorological conditions are as explosive as in the Calanques The water reserve in the ground is estimated at 21 mm the wind from sector 310 is blowing with a mean speed of 40 km h and gusts of 110 km h The fire was detected at 17 30 hours at the named place Saint Jean de Garguier KD60D9 4 E Simulation E Location of the incident In the tools window e Go into creation mode e Enter the ICSD co ordinates e Click on display we FireTactic L MFFS Outils 3 SEL I MFF5 Fen tr n Cr ation S lection d incidents Ni Incidents z Cr ation 86636315 Cr er Y S lection 151640306 Ali 195 S lectionner M Saisie Carte D placer Saisie DFCI EOBUDY 4 Wisuallser Effacer Graphiques Barreres de e x Front de feu aE X zone M t o x Incidents E sistanta ED24F5 1 ED 24L 01 4
3. 4 jjjjjj eseuun me 45 E Presentation of the elliptical model 45 M Wind speed null V 0 ss 45 SE ee MR m 46 E Creating the wind propagation vector Vpv cccccccsssssssssssesssssesssesssessseesseeeeeegs 47 NH Taking the Yegetation into ACCOUNT caua eene tU aa anne sad 47 E auno therche int decollatus inners en nex NSN quid lek neke t n dU nesters 48 B Relief propagation vector pr 48 E NON ODA AO ECO ETE 48 E Final piamen Ol AS CDS i aa Gr Deae d CDU UE 49 E Associaton OL elipses ERE ri l n k k d k d kek n k kek kun d kn n k R k n k Ren A n ku ke R k hE 50 B Taking data from utside the original algorithm into account 50 E Dynamic and permanent fire barriers keke KK KK KEKE KA YA 50 BH Example of permanent fire barriers ss 51 Example of a dynamic fire barrier LLL kk KK KK KK KK KK KK 51 J ad OS O ne ea ed ea rh z mmM n 0 22 E Drawing of a spot meteorological zone L Eke 22 ae Summary of fire propagation speed calculations lt 53 FireTactic Page 3 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C REN FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH oble OP DEUST COTS sa C 54 zz D D CORRE Te 56 CUS 1 777 T ne 56 F
4. Figure 1 7 Example of a contour made from a helicopter on the fire at Ensues 13 on 11 07 2003 E Terrain Information Function You can use a module on PDA to mark out the contours of a fire on foot The contour can then be imported into FireTactic DA Ae LAND NT Contour du feu pendant la maitrise du feu surface estim e 10 ha Contour du feu effectu GPS le 11 septembre surface 10 ha FireTactic Page 10 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety INTERGRAPH FireTactic User s Manual Figure 1 7 The orange line shows a contour with a PDA at Ventabren 13 on 09 09 2004 E Resources and Information Functions FireTactic offers two complementary modules to assist resource and information officers The two tables below are interconnected with FireTactic They can be used on the same computer or on remote computers See next paragraph E Resources Function You can use the resources table to manage resources in transit and on site An icon can be associated with each type of engine You can also create a group of engines for greater clarity This functionality has been added to integrate Operational and Command Management techniques Sf Tableau des Moyens Cr ation et Mise jour des Ressources Liste des Engins F Modifier Ic ne Demand 71800 amp H Secteur COS DROIT Composition d un groupe S lection des ressources Indicatif Indicatif
5. 131 360 100 02 07 04 16 05 PREV 13z 310 100 5 08 07 04 21 44 PREV 133 310 30 100 30 zl 5 0 2704 23 23 PRE 134 290 3f 100 zB 36 02 0 04 15 07 PREV 135 310 20 100 zB 40 02 07 04 18 52 PRE 136 290 20 100 30 38 02 07 04 15 08 PREV 13 320 50 100 30 30 06 0 04 23 11 PRE Figure 3 3 Updating meteorological data E Starting up simulation To start up a standard simulation click button Ht in the main window menu bar This action will start up a simulation of 1 hour at the default simulation increment 10 minutes Next click the f button and FIRETACTIC will reset the map to obtain the entire contour of the fire E Again click on buttons J Ht and et and simulation will continue to evolve Using the Simulation conditions part of the simulation window you can change the interval and duration of simulation FireTactic Page 37 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual E Result of simulation at T 60 Fire Tactic Fu z 1 E Li T J i d k Tay pr nr a r E prar oni uc ith pi dy TO 4 WA SNN an Ng R 2 2 d eed Fs 7 ir fi Ny 22 Zr A j a TrA Auitre fe PN RT B E CR i ES p LL p La dar Figure 3 4 Contour of the fire on the map at T 60 M N E Conditions de simulation Intervalle de l simulation fio run Dur e cumul e de la simula
6. On the map above an arrow shows the direction of the wind Its length gives the mean propagation distance by time interval Caract ristiques du feu Vitesse de propagation 15284 mh Surface touch e 337 ha Besoin en eau 470 ms P rim tre du feu OBA m Conditions de vent au d part de feu Vitesse du vent 4r km h Direction du vent 2108 Figure 3 7 Characteristics It can be seen with this fire that the right flank G has been stopped by the pre positioned fire barrier This simulates the action of the firefighters to protect a residential neighbourhood at G menos On the left flank G the fire s progress 1s completely unhindered In this example consideration for the relief is clearly shown The direction for propagation is not strictly that of the wind du feu T 120 Finally at the fire head 3 the distance between each simulation interval is not constant due to the relief the map shows a sequence of small valleys giving a succession of accelerations and decelerations in the fire s propagation speed FireTactic Page 39 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual E Positioning symbols on the map b i FireTactic I MFF5 Fen tre Cart D j i e Ne Ys TM ji d 7 ENT cy E 2 Lg men PLE E r J y HE k j i f Eni sat 7 oe f dm ET pe mms mr i ee s uae rrr ce nn De erg T Aa ar a peni TETE se L
7. Copyright 2006 Page 26 56 INTERGRAPH Public Safety GER aj ES ______FireTactie User s Manual NE Only the Meteorological Information window has an essential role in simulation The Meteorological Information window When you open the application FIRETACTIC displays meteorological data by default Before any simulation you can fill in the summary table You can also load data from existing files and assign spot meteorological data to the spot meteorological zone or failing this to the entire fire Display in the E loj x Recording and loading of map tool of the E meteorological file data meteorological zone being Update of spot data updated it Fire Tactic L MFFS Informations M t orologiques Gutter 7 Conditions M t aralagiques Aone M t o 035 10 x Donn es Ponctuelles Donn es de pr vision Direction du vent des Vitesse du vent mih Ensolaillement amp Temp rature R serve en eau mm VP th orique mh TA Ey IEgichercher les Direction du vent 28 Y Donnees Meteo les Vitesse du vent zu mh plus recentes E nsaleillement 100 E Blend peram eee 2 C Erreur perat R serve en eau mm 7 Enregistrement de pr vision VP th ariquel 1512 mehi Taali Poe Ensle lemen GH de Mise Jour OPS P Enregister les donn es dy tableau dans un fichier uwrir un Fichier M t o gad al O2 02 04
8. Figure 5 5 Yellow and blue lines show a spot meteorological zone The simulator offers the operator the opportunity to draw a new meteorological zone This means you can assign the conditions for wind direction and speed to a perfectly known given geographical zone slope of a ridge or small valley etc FireTactic Page 52 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH ft Summary of fire propagation speed calculations Co ordinates of fire focus Water Vegetation Plant species reserve TT dominant Primary propagation Digital Terrain speed Modelling Basic propagation speed Meteorological Data Direction of slope Real propagation speed Front propagation speed Rear propagation speed Side propagation speed Inclination of Inclination of flame slope Effect of Relief Des Figure 6 1 Chronology for calculation of ellipse parameters FireTactic Page 53 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C RE ES ______F reTactie User s Manual NE Table of illustrations Figure 1 1 Various map windows including 2 in 3D display 5 Figure 1 2 Display Of a terrain CROSS SECTION 4155444404048 inaaianei yad 6 Figure 1 3 Displaying a Tactical Situation 7 Figure 1 4 Display of a Tactical Situation 8 Figure 1 5 Example of 3D display of a 2D contour Si seen 9 Figure 1 6 Navigator s window directly connected to FireTactic
9. FireTactic Mise en Garde Nous informons que cette application est un logiciel de simulation des feux de for ts d velopp par INTERGRAPH etle CEREN en partenariat avec les Sapeurs Pompiers des Bouches du Rhone Les simulations pr sent es ne doivent jamais tre consid r es comme un r sultat parfait exact ou r el mais comme une aide la d cision utile et dant il faut comprendre et accepter les limites et imperfections principalement les limites intrins ques au mod le th amp arique utilis des donn es cartographiques qui peuvent tre imprecises ou p rim es une impr cision des donn es saisies par l op rateur Aussi l utilisateur doit garder un esprit critique et professionnel vis avis des r sultats pr sent s La soci t Intergraph se d charge de toutes responsabilit s directes ou indirectes ainsi que de toutes consequences directes ou indirectes associ es l utilisation de ce logiciel Quitter I MFEFS Version 7 5 4 Select the file to be imported and accept by clicking open FireTactic Page 33 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual L MFFS Ouverture d un fichier d export Regarder dans FireT actic amp t FFS D41730621 163949 8ch Oo E Mes documents r cents Bureau Mes documents er gr Poste de travail sa EE Nom du fichier FFS_041730621_163949 ech Fichiers de type Echange Annuler E
10. concerns parts of the operational zone with the same climatological characteristics wind speed and direction temperature water reserves and sunlight These zones represented by polygons are also defined in a ply file The 5 meteorological parameters wind direction and speed sunlight temperature and water reserves assigned independently to each of these zones are dynamic data the operator enters into FIRETACTIC E Dynamic data Meteorological data You can use a FIRETACTIC window to fill in the 5 parameters of each of the meteorological zones defined in the meteo file To optimise simulation a spot meteorological zone can be created The operator can draw it with a few clicks directly on the FIRETACTIC map This can be the consequence of a valley floor a hill the line of a ridge etc You can also assign spot meteorological data to the entire fire m Area vegetation During simulation the operator can assign a dominant for vegetation to the entire fire In this case FIRETACTIC will not seek the data contained in the vegetation file This process can be used to remedy a possible lack of information in the vegetation file For example information on the vegetation dominant can come directly from the COS Emergency Operations Commander environment description message he will send when arriving on field FireTactic Page 16 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual IN
11. giving the altitude FIRETACTIC is extremely easy to use and does not require any special training on line help being quite adequate The simulator has been in operational use since 1998 by the Firefighters of the Bouches du Rhone since 2004 in the Pyr n es Orientales and has been certified on many major outbreaks of fire over the last 20 years FireTactic Page 1 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C RE CES rireracne User s Manual NE Contents OU cw nn 1 EE Cur 1 Nini n 1 eU UD X eC n 2 Ss Forest fire missions with help from FireTacticQ lt s 5 B Study of the zone for intervention scccscccccccsssssscsssccccccsssssscssssscccccsssssccsssscsssoess 5 E SITAC function Tactical Situation e eee eee eee eee eee ee reete etae e essa soos soe 6 e SSvmDOIOS and Tapi ee oo 6 a ww jj _ r _ E 7 BA INAVIGACOR T r CRC TOL DAL 2 2 nids n d KNN V 0We ee k ye d N W SON SAN 9 E Terrain Information Funct oHn u ueeeeeeennnnnsssseeeeekekeeeeesoseooooo e ee KG 10 B Resources and Information Functioms seerereeeeeeeseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 11 E ie AU ORE 11 E Information Function
12. 2 3 p Bee TA 7 is a n wu ES 1 Graphiques Incidents Existants wer du Ch t ag JA m cem ei RR Dead 2 LUN S x ax dt P T cn dec ON a Eu Bameresde Feu 0 X E r W n TL 9 P S RE R YEN 5 feet ae EDE4B 5 5 E dnce co arraddge OF EHITPLUTE E Fi lI ems KD 2432 3 BEC i m r 3arrage Rigaud T j ayar MEW 2e Front de feu c X EDBAAT1 4 pe ru T CRETE fo up KDz2Kb 3 y Zone M t o KI J ER CT ae Place Symboles Symboles Exishants BEL rJ MELLE C Pr vu ie Ariv e CCF 71 ee HH poc cn cam cx krin LAO dm NET S et ie ee e a ILCF1 71 IG ALIMT SAL IGl2S4L MS ABTSAL nut LCF172 LCF174 Cliquer sur la carte p F rmetre erier relev Hi S lection D place symbole Efface Figure 1 3 Displaying a Tactical Situation E Terrain data FireTactic uses terrain data to help analyse the zone for intervention fireground but also for calculation of fire propagation simulation These data may come from a GIS and will be converted into FireTactic format from a Mif Mid file These data can be generated or modified from the MFFSTools module Terrain data includes plant cover stretches of water and meteorological zones The example below is the same region as in illustration 1 3 and shows dark green zones for pine tree areas light green zones for kermes oaks and blue zones for stretches of water FireTactic Page 7 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safet
13. 750 m h Page 29 56 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH a Navigation functionality Optional Module The GPS module allows you to display these movements on the mapping When the tracking function 1s activated the map automatically re centres as the vehicle moves The symbol in the centre of the map gives the heading for the vehicle s movement loj xl ra X v Clover le ard M Mens I e e A WAN No a SI Figure 2 21 Navigation VE NS Se function display we CR Z ane LE he To activate this function _ nr iE 5 vul E j jan rna lem E click the arrow of So Then go to the scrolled menu and select Mie Number of satellites Red valid raster Position in ICSD co ordinates FireTactic Suivi GPS TFAC OI xi D but d Intervalle Affichage E Intervalle de Log 15 KD24F15 Trajet i en sec en sec KD24F1 5 INTERGRAPH P Tack mij a O Em Vitesse 100 krah Can 230 ji E 165 m CE FN Activation of tracking in mapping Number of points sampled Figure 2 22 GPS monitoring window Helicopter path functionality zi FireT actic MFF5 Fen tre Cartographie n 22 _ IE x When the previous GPS function is M Ke X oremus activated you can start up this function by clicking am and selecting the incident you want as an objective FireTactic automatically plots a line between the helicopter s position and that of the o
14. BER30 Pr vu E 71806 GH Action HEEE Leader Arm e GH l LH EE Eu T Choix du L anstituer le Composition lo 11 Engag E 71805 GH symbole groupe Liste des ressources 4 Bn CENT 0 171800 171806 171805 171805 COS DROIT Le CCFIBVA 0 04 171800 171806 171806 171806 AVANT Law CCF2BER 0 04 171800 171808 171810 171810 AVANT CCF2BVA D 0 4 171800 171806 171806 171806 AVANT TT CCF2ROG 0 04 171800 171808 171810 171810 GAUCHE Du CCF2SAL 04143 171800 171810 171811 171811 GAUCHE BR CCFSBER 0 0 2 171800 171808 171810 171810 AVANT 41 DSM DOC 1 0 0 171825 171845 SAP BR Gil SAINT 1 4 13 171810 171828 EN HE TROIS 1 4 13 171803 171818 171818 171818 GAUCHE RR BI2AI SAINT 1 4 13 171810 171828 BR BI2ARL SAINT 1 4 13 171810 171828 BEI GI2SAL QUATRE 1 4 13 171803 171818 GAUCHE 41 MERLINBVA TREIZE 1 07 171810 171821 AVANT 5 12 DOUZE n 171810 171821 AERO 4e WALIDOUS TRENTE 04141 171810 171821 cos 7573 VSABFFBVA 0 0 2 171821 171828 SAP FireTactic Copyright 2006 Page 11 56 Figure 1 8 Table of resources INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH E Information Function The message table contains all correspondence on a forest fire exchanged between the various interlocutors This table 1s the logbook for the intervention This functionality has been added to integrate Operational and Command Management techniques Tableau des m
15. V 0 If the wind speed is not null the fire will not progress at the same speed in all directions The circle becomes an ellipse and the point of outbreak of the fire is the focus of the ellipse furthest from the head Three propagation speeds expressed in m h are thus defined distance between focus and fire head Front propagation speed measurement interval distance between focus and one of the flanks of the fire Side propagation speed measurement interval distance betwen focus and rear of fire Rear propagation speed e QHH ni Z measurement interval Rear propagation Left flank speed Front propagation speed propagation Right flank Propagation speed V 0 Rear propagation speed FireTactic Page 46 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH This Vector represents fire propagation as a function of meteorological data on a flat terrain with uniform vegetation of the gorse bush kermes oak type 180 N 270 45 Direction of Vpv Direction of wind 0 360 Vpv norm VP v 0 x measurement interval Taking the vegetation into account Taking the vegetation into account 1s translated by a modulation of the propagation speeds This modulation 1s associated with the dominant nature of the vegetation at the focus of the ellipse Modulation combustibility of plant
16. be b W RA 24 Figure 2 13 Commands associated with the Simulation window menu bar 24 Figure 2 14 Incident characteristics ss 25 Figure 2 15 SimulaltuionCOnNIONS nn ee ess Piu eR OPE Cup IL nes 25 PIoure 2 10 P He Cab AlCl USCS on a de 26 POU 20 PGCE OMAN AO a n ne 26 Figure 2 18 The Meteorological Information window 27 Figure 2 19 Reli display WIT O WW a h nan n b n n h S 28 Figure 2 20 Window of risks related to the propagation speed 29 Figure 2 2 l Navigation functiom display nest 30 Figure 2 22 GPS monitoring window eee keke n nnn nnn nennen nnne KAKA 30 Figure 2 25 Pathby helicopter WIT OW a ea 30 Figure 3 1 Display of location from ICSD co ordinates kk 35 Figure 3 2 Accurac of location from the named place E keke 36 Powe o Craine the Bed ON ed a ne 36 Figure 3 3 Updating meteorological data 37 Figure 3 4 Contour of the fire on the map at T 60 38 Figure 3 5 Display of the fire s characteristics in the simulation window 38 Figure 3 6 Contour of the fire at T 120 39 Fieu Chara teris AO odd enit mdr an a Dc MTM ma 39 FireTactic Page 54 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C RE CES rireracne User s Manual NE doraa SEU UU o s 39 Figure 3 8 Map with the contour of the fire and positioning of symbols 40 Phlio
17. la simulation 40 TU Affichage hh mm au mm Pas de front de feu utilis Pas de one M t o Ponctuelle Temps de calcul estim Caract ristiques Incident M de l incident simul 004 Coordonn es OFCI GH du d part de feu Aone m t o du d part de feu 135 Type de vegetation Donn es de la carte M t o de Pr vision nl SS 9592 Caract ristiques du feu Vitesse de propagation Surface touch e 110 ha Besoin en eau 240 ms F nmetre du Feu 4303 Conditions de vent au d part de feu ri Vitesse du vent ap km h moins d une minute Direction du vent Figure 2 12 Simulation Window Use the tool bar to access the various commands of the simulation part New Simulation Start simulation Record the last fire contour as Fire front Copy the map into the clipboard Open print window Erase all graphs and fire contours drawn Display properties Zooms onto fire Meteorological window Static data window a MEE 2s ES EN Te Te Figure 2 13 Commands associated with the Simulation window menu bar As they are not used in the portable version of the software two buttons in this menu bar remain inactive In addition to the menu bar part this window can be divided into three parts Incident characteristics Simulation conditions FireTactic Page 24 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety Fa dh L aract ristiques In
18. selected incident dynamic fire barriers e fire fronts e spot meteorological zones Graphiques Barrierez de Fey one M t o A graph must be associated with an incident An incident must be selected from the incident creation selection part Figure 2 8 Graph commands For the same incident several fire barriers can be defined simultaneously Only a single fire front and a single meteorological zone can be defined for a given incident To create a graph the pre select the type of graph and then plot polygons directly in the map window To erase a graph you have to click on the red cross For fire barriers select a barrier by clicking on the barrier number button The selected graph will appear in green on the map Just click on the red cross to erase it 3i L FFS Fen tre Cartographique 1 12 km Yellow and blue graph Spot Meteorological Zone Red graph Fire front Violet graph Dynamic fire barrier Graph being generated Figure 2 9 The various types of graphs Symbol management To improve rendering of maps you can use this part of the tools window to place symbols These symbols can represent vehicles groups of vehicles aircraft symbolism for forest fires etc The list of symbols can have its parameters set FireTactic Page 22 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety CER a N 625 FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH Figure 2 10 Symbol manag
19. sieurs 12 E Transmission of information in the chain of command 12 E Forecast Function Simulation of propagation helps anticipate 13 ae FIRETACTIC Presentation sissccccccsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssscesens I5 EL Lo E E were 15 E o Eai Da DING MEM EFIE UND A DIE 15 Relief Digital Terrain Modelling kek k k e 15 NH Permanent Hte DATFICTS in soiree especias open eco pb Vau eis PeS ele eus or opes 15 MER 5 0 77 epee n n roeo ero rrr n 22U xE r nw a2k a_a 16 M Meteorological zones 16 Da Pee E nee nts ene S enn r rr eee 16 Wi favo Ke ou ka RT 16 OO ene ee eer nT ever er ne ene Ree eer enna aes E 16 gas NER 17 MOLD xU 17 N EIBETACTIC Rd eee ei tri 17 EE LOC MN MEI IPOs 19 ER DR i v rE 19 UNIO N nee ee eee N HNH HE DB JE E E a n n E nNnN DD DID MDMMNI M 19 yy Dya de ee ed ee EEE cn ce mo 23 E Additonal WO NENNT 26 u The Meteorological Information window 27 E Thosehlet displas WAG OW MM NN EN N N IM J nee een tes 28 FireTactic Page 2 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C RE ES ______F reTactie User s Manual NE u Display of risks related to propagation Speed 29 NH Helicopter Pale TOlctlO l
20. species and height of flame To date FIRETACTIC distinguishes three types of vegetation dominant to which a modulator for propagation speeds corresponds kermes oak dominant Modulation 1 evergreen oak dominant Modulation f vitesse du vent ensoleillement Modification of propagation speeds u Front propagation speed VPav v 0 x Modulation m Side propagation speed VPlat v 0 x Modulation u A Rear propagation speed VPlar v 0 x Modulation It is easy to integrate other modulations The model was estabished for the kermes oak Modulation is thus equal to 1 for this vegetation FireTactic Page 47 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FAR dh GED FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH E Taking the relief into account Relief propagation speed VPr V Pr VP v 0 x Modulation x effet du relief u Relief effect effet du relief f importance de la flamme inclinaison de la pente Size of flame importance de la flamme f vitesse du vent v g tation E Relief propagation vector Vpr This Vector represents fire propagation in relation to Digital Terrain Modelling with uniform vegetation However the wind speed 1s also involved through the quantity of oxygen brought Direction of Vpr Direction of slope Vpr norm projection VPr x measurement interval Red 3D vector Blue Projection of 3D vector giving a 2D vector E New propagation vector The final v
21. 18 12 PRE 039 zal T x O2 02 04 18 12 PREY Lo 936 200 aU 100 32 2 n2 02704 18 12 PRE Oot al 30 100 J2 2 02 02 04 18 12 PRE Ot al 30 100 32 5 02 02 04 18 12 PRE B3 zal 30 100 J2 a 02 02 04 18 12 PR m 4 d Figure 2 18 The Meteorological Information window FireTactic Page 27 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual The relief display window Reading maps does not always allow relief to be displayed This function shows rising and descending slopes but also hollows and plateaux in which small dales that are a danger to firefighters as they are propitious to the fire spreading You can use this new window to make cross sections of the terrain You can make several successive cross sections to be able to interpret the relief as a whole For simulation fire propagation is also visible on the cross section To use the relief function click on to open the window and activate the function with ABS The button then becomes 488 To make a cross section position the two flags on the map using two successive clicks When you move around the relief display window the squaregg corresponds tog on the map tool When the length of the cross section is less than 8 km a series of 10 successive cross sections in depth are made to give better display of the relief 22 FireT a Fen tre Cartogr 5 MT i RE A a Riu PE ES s DE TE ER Em L L Figure 2 19 Relief disp
22. ED24F3 4 ED 2433 5 ED 44H4 3 EDB4A 1 Figure 3 1 Displav of location from ICSD co ordinates FireTactic Page 35 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual e Refine location by zooming onto the map and selecting the exact location que I M FireTactic I MFFS Outils Cr ation S lection d incidents E L M Incidents i Cr ation 85523732 Cr er ae Y 181806501 S lection an 192 S lectionner M Saisie Carte D placer Saisie DFCI EDBUDY 4 visualiser Effacer Incidents Existants ED 24F5 1 ED 24 0 4 ED 24F3 4 ED24333 5 KO44H4 3 EDB4AT 1 Graphiques Barrieres de Fey k i X Front de feu Ki T x ES U Zone Meteo Figure 3 2 Accuracv of location from the named place e Validate location by clicking on Create Once the incident has been created you can still re locate the incident if necessary me Fire Tactic 1 MFFS Outils i Fire Tactic 1 MFFS Fen tre Cartographique ts iol x j i m mn i E a pom d a di Li M E we F t E d j i JW Ix Cr ation S lection d incidents H Incidents Creation X 86623732 Er er T 14 Te Y 181886501 S lection an 192 S lectionner Saisie Carte D placer Saisie DFCI ILIBIDIS 4 visualiser Effacer Graphiques Barri res de Feu L T x Front de feu a X WE T one
23. FireTactic User s Manual FireTactic Fire Tactic User s Manual Version 7 9 FireTactic 1 2MFFS due de Simulation Feux de For ts Version Zonale FES Affichage Donn es Caract ristiques du feu Vitesse de propagation 1590 mn Conditions de simulation Intervalle de simulation j 0 hur UE Caract ristiques Incident M de l incident simul Toor Coordonn es OFCI ED 24H33 ee EE Surface touch e ha GH du d part de feu de la simulation f i fo d Besoin en eau 220 ms Aone m t o du d part de feu b aka Aeon P rim tre du feu 4092 Pas de front de feu utilis Pas de one M t o Ponctuelle Temps de calcul cu mains d une minute Conditions de vent au d part de feu Vitesse du vent 4r km h T Type de vegetation Donn es de la carte M t o de Pr vision Direction du vent 320 Le simulateur pris en compte des sautes de feu de 265 m Contour T 60 Forest fire fighting decision making assistance tool FireTactic evolving to provide you with mission assistance Ca d Essais et de Recherche de l Entente INTERGRAPH Public Safety France SA S curit Civile Valabre Espace C zanne 14 Parc Club du Golf 13120 Gardanne BP 137000 13793 Aix en Provence Tel 33 4 42 60 86 85 Tel 33 4 42 16 35 87 C RE ES _____F reTactie User s Manual NE FIRETACTIC Mobile PC Forest Fire Simulati
24. KE I MEER Ee E Le s emm Figure 1 5 Example of 3D display of a 2D contour E A Navigator for the terrain Coupled with a GPS system FireTactic allows firefighters on the ground or in aircraft to find their position on the map and thus assess the extent of the disaster by measuring the contours of the fire When used from a helicopter the operator can obtain his path distance heading and time in relation to a selected objective FireTactic MFFS Logiciel de Simulation Feux de For ts Version BdR FireTactic M fo BS 8 x b us E CES US am COR D UA Um Hae a yee NM gt E NS aN 1 gt i r A341 E f M j i N eee RS ii d X LE l A BS Qe Ba gt lt 4 AT f m 7 FireTactic Suivi GPS TFAC NA s i j E D but de Intervalle Affichage 2 falter de Log 15 KD24F15 en sec Trajet en sec b TE on dwa 0 B sed 100 B EO 230 B JE 165 m ESS CERA N Figure 1 6 Navigator s window directly connected to FireTactic FireTactic Page 9 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety ER p FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH In addition the same navigation tool can be used in a helicopter for example to outline a fire s contours The fire contour is drawn directly in FireTactic and can be used to analyse the extent of the disaster and also if necessary be used as an initial contour for a new simulation
25. Lh d RE u p TB Figure 3 8 Map with the contour of the fire and positioning of symbols With this functionality FIRETACTIC offers the opportunity to add symbols on the map These symbols can be readily moved on the map FIRETACTIC also offers the option to print these maps or record them in drawing files to facilitate their dissemination FIRETACTIC also has a resources and information tables functionality to improve resource management FireTactic Page 40 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH e Propagation of forest fires The characteristics of the vegetation and meteorological conditions can create conditions favourable to the development of forest fires Thus in France almost 7 million hectares are concerned by forest fires including 4 2 in the Mediterranean region and 1 2 in Aquitaine that is globally 13 96 of the country s total geographical area The pre disposition of plant formations to fire is strongly related to water content which in turn 1s dependent on general drought conditions These conditions for pre disposition change over time but also with human activity The initial outbreak of forest fire 1s related to the combination of natural conditions and often to human causes Photo 4 1 Propagation of a forest fire E Fire triangle To emerge and propagate a forest fire needs three elem nts that form what 1s referred to as the fire triangle F
26. M t o Incidents Existants E DO24F5 1 D 24L 01 4 EL 2473 4 ED24533 5 ED44H4 3 EDIBAAT 1 LP P r J Figure 3 3 Creating the incident FireTactic Page 36 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH E Entering meteorological data Keep the selected incident in the tools window and click on the FT button in the framework window menu bar The Meteorological Information window will open to pre select the zone containing the point of outbreak of the fire You can then modify data for the corresponding zone If you want to assign these data to the entire fire you will need to fill in the Spot Data fields ME Fire Tactic I MFF5 Informations M t orologiques mi x Quitter Conditions M t orologiques fone Meteo 133 amp Rechercher les Direction du vent 310 deg Donn es M t o les Vitesse du vent 4a km h plus recentes Ensaleillement 100 i t ence 28 C Enregistrement Hp rationne H serve en eau mm d Enregistrement de pr vision VP th orique 1335 1335 mih Bises iugi ss Donn es Ponctuelles Donn es de pr vision Direction du vent deg Vitesse du vent km h Ensaleillement amp Temp rature R serve en eau mm VP th orique mh Enregister les donn es du tableau dans un fichier Quit un Fichier M t o Ensaleillement GH de Mise Jour DPS PREV
27. TERGRAPH Graphs FIRETACTIC proposes graphic commands that allow you to draw polygons in the map window extremely easily A meaning is assigned to each These graphs are dynamic parameters allowing simulation to be improved Three types of graphs can be drawn for each fire B Dynamic fire barriers that can symbolise the action of forces out in the field a break or an interface in the vegetation A fire front used by FIRETACTIC as an initial contour for the following simulation This means you can answer the problem Knowing that the fire currently has this given contour what will its contour be in X minutes B A spot meteorological zone when meteorological data on the fire zone are known precisely and are more detailed than those for the standard zone E Map tool FIRETACTIC uses the INTERGRAPH Public Safety map tool FIRETACTIC is based on the map tool It allows for location and rapid creation of incidents display of the fire contours and placement of symbols for vehicles AVE HBE etc In addition the tool offers the possibility of assigning a vector file of image files IGN type maps aerial photos etc According to the level of zoom you can display different data For example a zoom between 10 and 75 km on the IGN L7 000 maps and between 0 and 10 km for maps to scale r 25000 Adding these files is essential for correct display of fire contours Map wifh vectorial data only Map with vectorial d
28. The operator will then surround this part of the fire with a fire barrier Its progress 1s stopped in its tracks for the following simulation Were the fire to break out again all the operator would need to do 1s remove that barrier UT BR ot M Lo 4 PEE DU m Figure 5 3 Dvnamic fire barriers FireTactic Page 51 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety ER F INTERGR FireTactic User s Manual E Drawing of a fire front A fire front 1s the contour of the fire the operator draws It can reflect the real contour x minutes after outbreak of fire The simulator will use this fire contour as the point of departure for the simulation Figure 5 4 Fire front E Drawing of a spot meteorological zone The operational zone is divided into X meteorological zones During calculation of the ellipse parameters the simulator seeks for each focus what meteorological zone it is in and uses associated data to calculate its parameters F i ani n E L h n TR 5 7 MN E a 3 e rig z A jd E 4 bw i E we LES UR hak z x a Jn an z Y a ST Co eee us mE re ris AM a NS Eure Lr L E Lr a aain zar Ea UU W ur Le ae dx 1 uw de LL i i P ras tes Uy mg ie inz 2 m m J i s gt e 7 E 7 deis M r zi ra 1 r hr 3R E 1 E Pr T i ha Mor p uu ee va be eal et a i L S na a LS 5 iE 3 ra Ne E TUER TE Pe UP d S meas mei am D e an
29. akes the link between the main windows You can use this window s menu bar to access the main windows certain additional windows and simulation base commands Distance and azimuth measurement Data export function VIE Satas Window delicopter path function Activation o simulation Window E monitoring rases ali SIMULATIONS ide the map ISpiay OT reile errain data display amp I ms HE Hp ut ah FT cS ww nw d pe ds Je B Window Meteorological Help w ndo Recording window Print window Map window management Direct commands for simulation e Zoom in e Activation of Meteorological data e Zoom out window e Reset the map on the operational zone e New simulation eZoom onto the rectangle selected on the e Fire at T 10 minutes map e Fire at T 1 hour e Refresh display e Fire at T 2 hours e Select display mode eZoom onto fire display of entire Figure 2 3 Functionalities of the framework window menu bar E Main windows E Main windows Tools window FireTactic Page 19 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C n i f 625 FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH You can use this window to generate and update incidents place symbols and finally draw graphs for fire fronts fire barriers and spot meteorological zones PES FireTactic 1 MFFS Outils Creation S lection d incident N Incidents Caos A 256542913 roo NER Ex Incident management Ed Alti 9 S lecti
30. al release 30 m Save and send data by email functionality 31 22 Slep by step SIHIt O T DT ha kab 35 E Fire at G menos 21 August 1990 17 30 hours 768 hectares 35 D CCS ANS os Um 35 Hi sdb I i 35 DAMES Boyer tu al a SU MT T de da ae se te 35 NM LPuicrnsiclcoroloPical a Muir e mie 37 w aba a eoe eee anne SEPIUS IPM DIEM tenn N DIM DAM2o2 lt 2 2 37 E Result of simulation at T 60 38 E Result of simulation at T 120 with a fire barrier ee 39 NE Positioning symbols on the AD eges even rsun deus EE 40 q2 Prop gutlorn 0 forest TONER a Na 04 a e MASA EWEN AR k s n eW BEE A e K SAR U EM E 41 Duc apud e M 41 E Propagation MCCAINS MS 42 E Flammability of plant SPC CICS aan a or nd 42 E The water r serve in the SO pa e aunq IVA UM SEU DIN MA UMEN na bah 43 Mm Natural Propagation factor S ic Eirk le 3444445345492448 35354444 k l an a k ee Eee k ai Ae k a k dakak 44 E Speed of combustion vegetation sunlight temperature 44 E Taing the wind into account basic propagation speed 44 B Taking de qc Her Doe abe OUTIDaosoness ee nee iUi DIE MUI 44 q2 Modelling forest fires in ellipses
31. ata IGN Map with vectorial data va raster Orthoplan Photo Figure 2 1 Example of three possible types of map display Prior formatting of image files is needed for FIRETACTIC to use them The map tool also allows you to display permanent data defined in vegetation meteorological and fire barrier files E FIRETACTIC windows FIRETACTIC has three categories of windows FireTactic Page 17 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual A framework window to make the link between all windows Main windows bringing together information themes B map window B A simulation window B A tools window allowing for the creation and update of incidents graph management adding symbols etc Additional windows and dialogues for simulation meteorological data management print and recording manager static data display etc Additional functionality windows display of relief GPS functionalities helicopter navigation data transmission etc FireTactic I MFF5 Logiciel de Simulation Feux de For ts Version BdR m ni x hi de m BE 2 BENE US ue CIS D OUS Us uu DOS Ela 60 w8 gt UA 9 FireTactic I MFFS Logiciel de Simulation Feux de For ts Version BdR x B FireTactic I MFFS Outils X Cr ation S lection d incidents N Incidents Wi X T003 secti M 184626427 Aii An 55 S lectionner FFS Affichage Donn es Con
32. atened so as to allow for improved decision making For the algorithm part INTERGRAPH CEREN and the University of Provence are continuing their research work to improve modelling With 4 years of feedback the team has a large number of case studies available to it that can be provided on request FireTactic Page 14 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C RT 625 FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH ft FIRETACTIC Presentation E Data FIRETACTIC needs a certain number of data to perform calculation of fire propagation Some of these data are statistical data while others are dynamic data E Statistical data Relief Digital Terrain Modelling You can use this file to find the altitude of any point in the operational zone These data are archived in the form of a matrix in a file X The matrix has an m increment distance ds NI between two lines and two pe e A EID columns e g 50 metres lg Lal TAE A SUN i i 3 ES roe ee Se Without this file or where ers are eas LT Io ge there is too big an ARRAS NIS I increment the relief will E SOK SIRA HIRIY not be taken into account by Nee RL W je the simulator It is necessary DA ue RTE for this increment to be at LS ER 2 p least twice as small as the HN a distance covered during a simulation increment This Y file must be created once only for any new operational zone For each of the following types of data a ply file is create
33. bjective It gives the heading and distance in relation to the latter in real time together with the transit time in relation to its speed E Figure 2 23 Path by helicopter window FireTactic Page 30 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety ERY Poe CES rirerucne User s anna Nm Save and send data by email functionality Optional Module Q Saving dynamic data To send and save all data fire contour meteorological conditions positions of fire engines etc To perform this procedure just click on Ee to open the recording window I MFF5 Enregistrer un fichier d export Enregistrer dans E echange 4m m FFS_041680616 152418 amp ch amp FF5 D416805616 185106 ech Mes documents F FF5 041700618 124610 ech r cents FFS5 D417305621 163949 ech Ir amp FF5 D41770625 175220 ech 1 ex E3 Bureau Mes documents EWI BEZM Aor du fichier FFS 041900708 224023 ech Type Echange Annuler E lll FireTactic Transmission de donn es par eme After recording you can then simply choose to youlez vous envoyer les donn es archiv es par email continue by sending an email directly FireTactic Donn es op rationnelles du 08 07 04 22 43 Message Texte enrichi Ete Edition Insertion Format Outils Actions FireTactic will automatically prepare a mail with the previously created file as an attachment The recipient s addr
34. cident FireTactic amp User s Manual Fire characteristics B Characteristics of the simulated incident M de l incident simul o TN Coordonn es DFCI KDB 4 3H du d part de feu one m t o du d part de feu 4 Type de vegetation Donn es de la carte INTERGRAPH You can use this part of the window to determine which incident the current simulation concerns and in what meteorological zone outbreak of the fire occurred You can select a dominant for the vegetation of the entire fire in the M t Ch ne kerm s type of vegetation field Pins In this case I MFFS does not Chene vert use the vegetation file Figure 2 14 Incident characteristics B Simulation conditions This part of the window gives conditions for simulation e Selection of the time interval separating two simulations and the overall duration of simulation e Display for consideration of external data presence of spot meteorological data and graphs Presence of an initial fire front Presence of a spot meteorological zone Conditions de simulation Intervalle de l simulation 1 0 nin Dur e cumul e de la simulation a0 na Presence of spot meteorological data Affichage hh mm ou mm Pas de front de feu utilis Pas de one M t o Ponctuelle M t o de Pr vision Temps Donn es Ponctuelles calcul estim moins d une minute Figure 2 15 Simulaltion conditions In the portable vers
35. d These files enclose a series of numbered polygons They are generated and updated using the CADTOOLS program from INTERGRAPH However the use of off the shelf GIS standards generally allows for transfer of such data Permanent fire barriers Permanent fire barriers represent non flammable zones a fire cannot propagate in these zones that repesent stretches of water or waterways or zones devoid of any vegetation Each zone materialised as a polygon must be created in the permanent fire barriers file FireTactic Page 15 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C RE CES rireracne User s Manual NE E Vegetation As for non flammable zones vegetation 1s defined by polygons with which vegetation dominants are associated FIRETACTIC has taken as a predicate that any zone not defined in the vegetation file or in the permanent fire barriers file is considered to be a zone with kermes oak type vegetation The choice of this type by default lies in the fact that this type of vegetation 1s the one that gives the highest propagation speed When making forecasts it is always best to foresee the worst case The vegetation file is important for optimum simulation but is not indispensable To date FIRETACTIC distinguishes 3 types of dominants kermes oak pines and green oaks Others are planned for by configuration Meteorological zones The operational zone can be divided into several meteorological zones This
36. ditions de simulation Intervalle de simulation j min Dur e cumul e de la simulation 150 Affichage hh mm ou mm Pas de front de feu utilis Pas de Zone M t o Ponctuelle Temps de calcul estim Caract ristiques Incident N de l incident simul T 003 Coordonn es DFCI GH du d part de feu Zone m t o du d part de feu Type de v g tation Donn es de la carte gt Caract ristiques du feu Vitesse de propagation Saisie Carte D placer J Saisie DFCI KD24H3 3 Visualiser Effacer Graphiques Fins gt Front de feu LIEN X E dB Zone M t o 1342 mAh Surface touch e 344 ha Besoin en eau 460 m3 P rim tre du feu min Incidents Existants KD42L4 5 KD42K5 3 KD24H3 3 KD24G1 3 KD24E3 4 KD24F0 3 FRAIAINE 8371 M Conditions de vent au d part de feu Vitesse du vent s0 km h moins d une minute Direction du vent Symboles Existants 3 FireTactic I MFFS Fen tre Cartographique 7 41km B E C Pr vu Arriv e SCENE A o ROMS SAS CCF1BVA S lection J place symbole Efface P rim tre Km Demier relev Km 0 a Figure 2 2 The FIRETACTIC framework window and 3 main windows FireTactic Page 18 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C RT CE rireractc User s Manual NT E he framework window The framework window m
37. du vent 30 km h 100 Ensolaeillement ErneaktementOperatiannel Temp rature R serve en eau E mr 15181 Impression g n rale VP th orique H capitulatif M t orolagques Direction vent Vi v Impression de la carte Impr ssion des r informations de l incident Impr ssion des r sultats de la simulation y toutes les zones m t o ie Portrait Paysage EIE 32 pe oc actic I MFFS Imprimer Ea Impression des donn es de annl Fire T actic I MFFS Propr t S lection couleur Donn es Ponctuelles Direction du vent deg Vitesse du vent km h Ensoleillement Es E EEE EE Temp rature r Couleur S lectionnee mm Style Epaisseur orguel mhl Eo FireT actic I2MFFS Visualisation des donn es de simulation S lection des l ments visualiser Lignes d arr t trait Visualisation des barri res i E Barres dynamique trait dynamiques et des lignes d arr ts HEEE Danses statiques HERRI its grille MNT trait Visualisation des barrieres de feu permanentes tendues d eau Visualisation de la limite de la mod lisation num rique de terrain V g tation Visualization de la v g tation Ch ne kerm s Fins Ch ne wert modulation 0 8 modulation 0 7 modulation 0 6 modulation 0 5 modulation 0 3 modulation 0 1 Figure 2 17 Additional windows FireTactic
38. e Effective precipitations are equal to the quantity of water brought by precipitations less evapo transpiration and runoff This quantity of water penetrates the soil and constitutes the water reserve Part of it descends towards the ground water when the maximum capacity of the useful reserve 1s exceeded To calculate the water reserve you need to be able to calculate the RET Real Evapo Transpiration The RET can be measured experimentally using lysimeters A lysimeter is a pan exposed to the air containing a soil covered with a certain type of vegetation or left uncovered whose quantity of infiltrated and drained water is evaluated in relation to that provided by precipitations Some lysimeters can be weighed regularly to determine the volume of water contained 1n the soil More directly evapo transpiration can be estimated using empirical formulae like those of Thornthwaite Penman and Turc Water reserve in the soil Precipitation ETR Runoff Infiltration In this formula precipitations play a predominant role in the water reserve in the soil However the wind temperature and sunlight can cancel out the beneficial effect of strong precipitations in just a few days FireTactic Page 43 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety ER ga N dE CES rireracne User s Manual NE E Natural propagation factors E Speed of combustion vegetation sunlight temperature Vegetation is characterised by its combustibilit
39. e de l Entente and Intergraph FireTactic Page 13 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH Risques associ s a un feu m h H 050 500 100 J FT 1000 1500 iN AA FT 1500 1750 E PS AD 1750 2000 mc N Neige OO 2000 2250 ESS VAG NS EN 2250 2500 Dak eS KEY N E 2 2750 ES be saza ze xo C CELEJ Figure 1 10 Possible diagram of the FireTactic system in a network In this example the fire has taken two hours to cover the green contour The red contours give a simulation every 10 minutes FireTactic provides a correct picture for the fire head and the fire front The work of the personnel on the ground and aircraft is visible on the rear right part meaning its spread in that direction is being prevented The simulation allowed the fact that propagation was going to follow two axes that of the wind that is easy to predict but also that of the relief that is less clearly visible on the map but much more destructive in the present instance to be highlighted Since 2002 the CEREN scientific team has tested and used FIRETACTIC to validate its propagation module and navigation and SITAC functionalities During some major fires in 2003 2004 and 2005 it provided precious information in real time to the site Command Stations and the Zone Operations Centre on propagation and estimations of the surface areas affected and thre
40. ector VP f gives the VPr2D pv z direction of the major axis of the Relief Vector Ps VP f ellipse as the distance of d Resulting Vector propagation in the simulation interval The fire propagation VP v speed is recalculated WindVector FireTactic Page 48 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual E Final parameters of the ellipse From the new propagation vector a corrective relief term is produced This term will allow the propagation distances defined above to be modified Relief corrective term Front propagation speed Side propagation speed Rear propagation speed Figure 5 1 Display of a simulation result FireTactic Page 49 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH E Association of ellipses The explanation given above gives an ellipse The surface area of the ellipse gives the surface burnt over the chosen duration The ellipse remains the basic element for the simulation Combining ellipses gives the contour of the fire Simulation starts by plotting an ellipse This comprise x points For the following iteration it has been decided to consider each point as a point of outbreak for a fire According to a principle close to that of Huygens treatise on light The parameters for each of the new ellipses are calculated individually Once all the ellipses have been calculated an algorithm finds the co
41. ement List of available fire engine symbols Engines planned engines arrived function Gestion des Engins AN Gestion des Symboles List Of C Pr vu Arriv e fiers A available ICCFa2BVvA symbols Legend of engines ICCF25AL ICLF3CDOLI 5 selected or being ICCF3SAL List of created L gende ICCFSEYS an hop engines oe already II3l15AL pm Er praata Place an engine R rO S lection D V CE sume Efface To place a symbol you must select a type of symbol as appearing on the Place Symbol button Having chosen a unique name for your symbol click on the map to place it This part of the tools window also allows you to move the selected symbol or change symbol simply by selecting another symbol and validating with the place symbol engine command 22 FireT actic IZMFFS Fen tre Cartog Msn 11 Mel Figure 2 11 Example of engines and symbols Simulation window FireTactic Page 23 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety PER GED FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH The simulation window includes all the tools needed for simulation You can also use it to display certain data related to the result of simulation such as the fire perimeter the surface area burnt and the propagation speed Firef actic I MFFS dues de Simulation Feux de For ts Version Zonale FFS Affichage Donn es Conditions de simulation Intervalle de l simulation fio ud Dur e cumul e de
42. ention Zone FireTactic Page 5 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual x T wu T Ew ne SEKE nr f LE See ar m rE tee aa MT E TE j 1 i sa F art pcd r i Heku SWE Ek JL K A AN VE DAW Distance 4 96 km P rim tre Dernier relev Figure 1 2 Display of a terrain cross section E SITAC function Tactical Situation The graphical symbolism is available and can readily have its parameters set so as to plot the operational situation while tables on resources and information on the SITAC computer or on a remote computer allows for complete control over the intervention B Symbology and graphics You can use FireTactic to create and display graphs to represent fire fronts fire barriers etc You can also use FireTactic to place symbols for fire engines and symbols for situations to display the tactical situation and have it evolve Movement of fire engines can be achieved manually or automatically if the engine monitoring option is available and activated FireTactic Page 6 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual WF 2 M US am c OD US ue Ham gt M FireTactic I MFFS Outils Cr ation S lection d incidents N Incidente b ton 23790170 Y Oil 1 Toos S lection 163020395 Aki 128 S lectionner Saisie Carte D placer Saisie DFCI KDrzek5 3 Visualiser Effacer
43. ess 1s defined directly in the FireTactic parameter file FFS_041900708_22 4023 ech FireTactic Page 31 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual Q Loading dynamic data received by email Receiving email Execute save as for the file attached to the mail Boite de r ception Microsoft Outlook Fichier Edition Affichage Favoris Outils Actions HMouveau 23 AX 4 R pondre f R pondre tous W Transf rer F Envover recevoir ep Recherch Boite de r ception T Liste des dossiers x Objet DWG Outlook Aujourd hui Dossiers personr E CEREN RENS FireTactic Donn es c Se de Ta Boite de r ception Aujourd hui me Boke d envoi CB Broauillons De CEREN RENS A Gcharrel in 2 Calendrier Objet FireTactic Donn es op rationnelles du 21 06 04 16 3 Les Donn es op rationnelles suivantes sont compatit El ments envoy s Cal El ments supprim s Ouvrir Imprimer Enregistrer sous Fa m r Outils sd Mes documents Bureau Mom du fichier FFS_ 041730621 163949 ech E Enregistrer Type de fichier Tous les Fichiers Annuler FireTactic Page 32 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH 1 To start up FireTactic click on m Accept the warning message FireTactic I MFF5 Avertissement L Sd a Ti kj Tar LL aa
44. essages Edition des Messages Num m 11 GH 1741018400 Le cos CODIS Type Info pes de LANCELOT sur les lieux Liste des messages Num ro Destinat Origine GH___ Type Message COLIS 1708 17 45 Info ASLL en pr sence d un teu de for ts en KD Z4F5 3 Actuellement Tha de broussailles en fe 2 LODIS 17 08 18 03 Info En raison de l volution rapide du feu vent sur zone sup S km hl demande 5 Gl 3 LOS 1 08 18 04 Info En transit sur cette intervention l quivalent de 7 GIFF dont 4 constitu s ainsi que le groupe 4 COLIS 17708 18 10 Info Actuellemnt le GT SAL et le GI3SAL effectue un jalonnement sur le Flanc droit D LOS 1708 18 11 Info 4 CL415 au d collage ainsi que le GAAR sur vous dans 5 min Contact sur AIS puis 4 5 1 b COLIS 1 08 18 15 Info ASLL du CDT amp prend le COS Sectorsation du chantier en Secteur Droit Secteur Gauc n COLIS 177 08 18 15 Info Actuellement le feu evolue rapidement en direction de plusieurs habitations isol et d un lot B Prefecture 1 7 08 76 16 Info Message d ambiance retransmiz au DIRCAB 4 LOS 1 81817 Info Se dirige sur votre Intervention l quivalent de 20 GIFF et de 6 CL 415 10 COLIS 177 08 18 20 Info Mise en place du PC de site frequence armere la 83 et demande 3 frequences 1 2 et 4 3 4 11 10 TS Arriv e de LANCELOT sur les lieus Figure 1 9 Table of messages E Transmission of information in the chain of command FireTactic Page 12 56 Cop
45. in the fire propagation speed being accelerated when climbing in the direction of the wind In descents the speed slows down FireTactic Page 44 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety PR GED FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH Direction of wind Acceleration Figure 4 4 Diagram showing the relief s influence Modelling forest fires in ellipses This section helps understand the approach that was adopted to devise the FIRETACTIC algorithm The elliptical model has rapidly made a name for itself in describing the forest fire phenomenon Feedback from the firefighters in the Bouches du Rh ne has allowed this macroscopic model to be validated on a large number of fires over the last 20 years Working from meteorological data and terrain data FIRETACTIC models the fire over several hours through a succession of ellipses in just a few seconds E Presentation of the elliptical model Initially the fire 1s considered to be in FREE development spreading in even and isotropic vegetation on flat terrain Quick observations E Wind speed null V 0 Focus The propagation speed is uniform in all directions Propagation in a circle Propagation speed V 0 Null wind speed VP v 0 f reserve en eau temp rature ensoleillement Flat terrain FireTactic Page 45 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety cir Z ny ee erayeme n CED rireractc User s Manual NT B Wind speed not null
46. ion of the forest fire program there is no archiving of meteorological data in a database Meteorological data will be considered to be forecast data and thus dynamic data FireTactic Copyright 2006 Page 25 56 INTERGRAPH Public Safety Fa dh m Fire characteristics Caract ristiques du feu Vitesse de propagation 1501 mh 140 m3 rh Surface touch e Besoin en eau P rim tre du feu AF ELE Conditions de vent au d part de feu Ej km h Vitesse du vent Direction du vent Figure 2 16 Fire characteristics Eg Additional windows FireTactic amp User s Manual INTERGRAPH At the end of simulation a certain amount of information relating to simulation will be available This allows for a clearer evaluation of the scale of the disaster The propagation speed of the fire corresponds to the mean speed of progress of the fire The surface area affected corresponds to the surface on fire added to the already burnt surface area Finally the water requirement corresponds to an estimation of the quantity needed to contain the fire As defined previously FIRETACTIC has a certain number of additional windows for print management map recording management display of external data display properties etc ft Fire T actic L MFFS Informations M t orologiques Cutter 7 Conditions M t oralogiques Zone M t o 135 Bechercherles Donnees Meteo les plus recentes Vitesse
47. ireTactic Page 4 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety E d INTERGR FireTactic User s Manual e Forest fire missions with help from FireTactic since 1995 INTERGRAPH Public Safety has been working with the Departmental Fire and Emergency Services Service D partemental d Incendie et de Secours of the Bouches du Rh ne and the Entente Test and Research Centre Centre d Essai et de Recherche de l Entente to develop tools for all players in the ICSD Every year new functionalities allow for enhanced control over information and thus the ensuing action FireTactic is a reliable product that is simple to use and open ended developed in constant partnership with firefighters to integrate all the functionalities needed for optimum management of forest fires CEREN uses it for feedback and periodically refines it to improve accuracy in calculating propagation and thus public safety those intervening and the population E Study of the zone for intervention The Firetactic mapping tool allows you to display vector IGN Ordnance Survey raster and orthophoto data in 2D or 3D 3D display requires the use of an additional module Figure 1 1 Various map windows including 2 in 3D display The integrated map tool allows you to attach background map files and aerial photos on a vectorial base capable of containing data like ICSD A cross section and a 3D display tool allow you to accurately analyse the Interv
48. lay window FireTactic Page 28 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety RE INTERGR FireTactic User s Manual u Display of risks related to propagation speed On simulation you can use the contours to evaluate progress of the fire as a whole but often in the general envelope of the fire the relief added to a particular form of vegetation gives zones for acceleration of the propagation speed that is dangerous for terrestrial intervention This functionality allows you to colour these zones with the propagation speed clearly showing the zones at risk To activate this function click the arrow on Active PS SF Then use the scrolled menu to select BB The window will open and the risks related to the propagation speed will be displayed for the last simulation made mh di Fire NEN I MFFS Fenetre Amd 7 Ze i E eU 1 E me NEC E s im a Eam us A FireTactic Copyright 2006 dS BT AM n Ait es 500 500 1000 1000 1500 1500 1750 1750 2000 2000 2250 2250 2500 2500 2750 20 3000 I Figure 2 20 Window of risks related to the propagation speed The palette of colours to the right of the simulation allows you to evaluate the propagation speed In this example the left flank is subject to strong acceleration due to the altitude difference slope of the field The wind speed there comes to about 2 750 m h whereas the theoretical speed on flat ground is 1
49. ntour of the new simulation This contour comprises all the outer points of the ellipses From this new contour FIRETACTIC will be able to perform a new simulation Ist iteration 2 iteration 1 ellipse calculated 36 ellipses calculated This second iteration on flat terrain and with uniform vegetation shows that the second iteration is an ellipse Taking data from outside the original algorithm into account As stated at the beginning of the present document the simulator covers a fire spreading freely Outside elements can be added to refine simulation E Dynamic and permanent fire barriers You can add dynamic fire barriers to symbolise the action of firefighters and aerial intervention out on the fireground Permanent fire barriers symbolise stretches of water or city centres These are archived in the computer s memory in the same way as vegetation These non flammable zones modify the contour of the fire FireTactic Page 50 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety INTERGR FireTactic User s Manual Example of permanent fire barriers The fire is going round the Bassin Saint Christophe La Roque d Anth ron 13 Once its width becomes less than its propagation distance by simulation interval the fire will jump across the non flammable zone Figure 5 2 Permanent Fire Barrier Example of a dynamic fire barrier Emergency Operations Commander announcement Fire under control on left flank of fire
50. ocation by searching directly on the map tool and clicking on the map Combining these two methods allows for rapid and accurate location Cr ation S lection d incident M incident oy ues S lection pm Tactic 3 I7 W Saisie Carte D placer MW Saisie DFCI KD24F8 3 Visualiser Effacer Cr ation S lection d incident M incident Cr ation S lection M Saisie Carte Figure 2 6 Creating an incident Map entry The operator locates the incident directly on the map and it 1s visualised on the map by ICSD entry The operator enters the ICSD co ordinates in the field provided for that purpose and clicks on display The A tab then appears Location can be refined by moving the tab on the map directly To generate the incident the operator the clicks on Create The location tah tirne intan an incident flag TOOT J Incidents existants A list is available to display all incidents KD24B3 4 generated Just click on one of the incidents in RD42L5 5 the list from the tools window and drop it ED4BD 7 5 directly in the map window RDBZG4 2 F 44 3 5 ED BAS 2 LP A A A e 2 7 List of existing incidents FireTactic Page 21 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety R i 625 FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH B Graph management Use this part of the tools window to add graphic Number of graphs of this elements to refine simulation type for the
51. on version Product reference IPSFRO21 The FIRETACTIC Forest Fire simulation software has been developed by Intergraph Public Safety France to help Firefighters optimise their battle against forest fires through a quick simple and effective modelling tool Using conventional meteorological data wind speed and direction temperature sunlight and water supply the operator will almost instantly have information on how the fire will spread over the following hours E Quick In this fight against the clock just a few seconds are enough to model the fire s progress over several hours and thus optimise the operational response out in the field E Complete So as to be even more accurate the operator can model dynamic fire barriers symbolising how resources intervene out in the field the nature of the vegetation or even non flammable zones The operator can also draw a fire front line from which simulation will start and can also position vehicles directly on the map to reflect the operational situation as best as possible E Simple This mobile version of the simulator can be installed extremely easily on a standard or portable computer Windows NT 2000 Pro and can thus be readily deployed in COZ and CODIS but also directly out in the field on mobile PCs training rooms and forecasting departments FIRETACTIC uses a standard map background l 25000 for example and provides an optimum response with Digital Terrain Modelling meshing
52. onner Saisie Carte D placer Saisie DFCI ED44H2 5 WTSUAlRET Effacer MEET Graphiques Incidents E xistants E arri res de Feu K x TOO TEE t de f Graph management Front de feu E a Lx X one M t o Gestion des Engl Pr vu Arv e ICCF 2B VA Symbol management ICCF2SAL ICCF3COU ICCF3SAL ICCF BEWA miele ESSA Ia SAL S lection PERB rU IGI Figure 2 4 The tools window B Incident management To perform a simulation an incident must first be generated Where no fire front exists its location is considered to be the point of outbreak of the fire Precise location of this point of outbreak is thus extremely important The incident will be materialised in the map tool by a small numbered flag Incident numbers are incremented automatically Incident co ordinates and altitude Number of selected incident Activation of the command to select an incident on the map Cr ation S lection d incident M incident Cd A 000E NOR 18114048 S lection 281 S lectionner Command to re locate the selected Saisie Carte D placer incident Saisie DFCI I LIB IAS 2 Visualiser Effacer Incident ICSD co ordinates Command to erase the selected incident FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH Figure 2 5 Incident selected in the tools window The operator has two methods to generate an incident B Entry of ICSD co ordinates m L
53. or some species the presence of wax or resin 1s considered to slow down the plants drying out speed and thus their catching fire Each species also has an intrinsic flammability ratio In addition to the chemical composition of the plant species the latter s water content is significant Studies have shown that the water content of plant species plays a major role in their flammability This water content changes over the seasons and is dependent on the dryness of the soil and thus the water reserve in the ground This parameter is extremely important during spread of the fire as the water contained in the plant species must be heated up to boiling point before the plant reaches its ignition temperature The longer this heating time the slower will be the propagation speed Primary propagation speed is not taken into account in wind speed FireTactic Page 42 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety GER EN E FireTactic amp User s Manual INTERGRAPH E he water reserve in the ground The water reserve in the ground results from the climatic conditions at the time as well as those over the previous days and weeks The water reserve in the ground is thus calculated from data provided by weather stations pluviometry temperature humidity of the air wind speed and sunlight Precipitation LS eal Evapo transpiration Evaporation Water reserve i Soil Sub soil Infiltration Ground water Figure 4 3 Water cycl
54. tion 1 H Jn JUL Affichage hh mm ou mm Pas de front de feu utilis Caract ristiques du feu Vitesse de propagation 1448 meh Surface touch e g1 ha Beson en eau 220 m3 P rim tre du feu 3957 m Conditions de vent au d part de feu Caract ristiques Incident M de l incident simul Tu 4 Coordonn es OFCI KDEDUD3 4 3H du d part de feu one m t o du d part de feu 12 Type de vegetation Donn es de la carte Pas de one M t o Ponctuelle eee a pou M t o de Pr vision na N calcul he moins d une minute Direction du vent 21 0 M Figure 3 5 Display of the fire s characteristics in the simulation window FireTactic Page 38 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual E Result of simulation at T 120 with a fire barrier 3i Fire Tactic I MFF5 Fen tre Cartographique 4 0 7km r LE ht HU E Wi E dene TEES Sr Inn TM FKFogee WE um n ur f i x Ey a8 ln nu E P Lx REN n A M iu i i 3 p ien I IE zm DE liste eat e T i A Ly 2 mi Bp li A P PLE f i a es F a er s i Pi EIE gir TES i ur muta E mmu cc aa us um cu ere a RES N SNe xem men TE n mec 7 pale 7 J rm t EN EE MU Ex E i ALQ 3 Ta re EW los RTT 7 r A y n WE LOS n ME Graux Figure 3 6 Contour of the fire at T 120
55. to d Tl Propapation of a forest TITS L cl cc iste kalak needs eese ye te ser pend uro a Red 4 PUS PRE CAO eis N DN N ose N NM MD DID DM MDMDMVMVMDMNEMDMMDMDMDMEDMDMMTM NMNN N gt AI J J ypj o p aazZZ Z 41 aT una ANE Cy DD E ea ee aM ie M T 43 Figure 4 4 Diagram showing the relief s influence 45 Figure 5 1 Display of a simulation result 49 Figure 3 2 Permanent Fire DAL TOL s i a yadouassesterosneedsaa oentavesventouiasatoroaeseaaas 51 Picur 5D b Mre av SSJNNM DMMMNEN N N MMMMMMMNENRMRNNEIMRN NJIMDMDDMRMRT 51 PEOS AT TEODIE eost xl ear kr rrr pp JJjJ g2u2uj2m2mnAmN 52 Figure 5 5 Yellow and blue lines show a spot meteorological zone 52 Figure 6 1 Chronology for calculation of ellipse parameters 53 Fireat Marnigues 25 July 2002 T9B30 i te de dde nay ninan an kdar len kane ni n NA 56 FireTactic Page 55 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual APPENDIX Case study Fire at Martigues 25 July 2002 19h50 FireTactic Page 56 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety
56. uel vegetation Oxygen Source of heat to first appear flame or spark then a further source to propagate sunlight temperature CHALEUR Figure 4 2 FIRE triangle FireTactic Page 41 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety C RE CES rireracne User s Manual Na E Propagation mechanisms The propagation of a forest fire can broken down into 4 stages Combustion of the plant species with emission of heat u Transfer of heat emitted towards the fuel ahead of the fire front u Absorption of heat by the plant cover ahead Ignition The transport of heat emitted by combustion is ensured by three processes Conduction transmission by the gradual spread of kinetic energy contributes only very slightly to heat transfer Thermal radiation propagation of energy in the form of an infrared wave main method of forest fire propagation Convection movements of air slope wind contributing to the transport of incandescent particles ahead of the fire The origin of secondary or spot fires These mechanisms allow you to calculate the fire s propagation speed This is thus related to various factors giving a primary propagation speed Combustibility and flammability of plants fuel Temperature and sunlight source of propagation heat Oxygen in the air primary combustive E Flammability of plant species The flammability of plant species 1s related to their volatile essence or resin content F
57. y FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH L FireTactic I MFFS Logiciel de Simulation Feux de For ts Version BdR FireTactic VMF C Bf qi b BE 5 x N Se e ad Es at COS T UA ip saw f un we 2 W 7 TOO S lection des l ments 4 visualiser a F Lignes d arr ts trait isualisation des barri res EEE De d dynamiques et des lignes d arr ts arri res dynamique trait Visualization des barri res de feu MG g ri res statiques permanentes tendues d eau r Visualisation de la limite de la Limites grille MNT trait mod lisation num rique de terrain V g tation Visualisation de la v g tation Ch ne kerm s Fins Ch ne vert modulation 0 8 modulation 0 7 modulation 0 6 modulation 0 5 modulation 0 3 modulation 0 1 oom auteurs de incident s lectionn Rayon de visualisation 5 km wrrs Tools T Effacer tout Figure 1 4 Display of a Tactical Situation 00m general LUDUM An optional module can be used to display simulations and SITACs in 3D However SITACs must be created in the 2D environment This optional module was created in partnership with the designers of the Forest Fire training simulator for firefighter officers used by the Civil Safety Application College of Valabre FireTactic Page 8 56 Copyright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety FireTactic User s Manual t
58. y representing its aptitude to propagate fire During combustion the plant species must have lost is water by evaporation to feed the fire The time taken for this evaporation is one of the basic parameters for a fire s propagation speed The duration of evaporation thus depends on u Combustibility of the plant species related to the water reserve in the soil and the nature of the plant species Temperature and sunlight The primary propagation speed is dependent on the combustion speed and thus the rate of evaporation Note For a water reserve of 100 mm with the soil being saturated with water there will be no propagation possible Sunlight corresponds to the cloud cover for that day expressed as a At night sunlight is null E Taking the wind into account basic propagation speed The wind is an aggravating factor in terms of forest fire propagation Its action accelerates the drying phenomenon of the fuel ahead of the flame and firebrands can also be carried E Taking the relief into account The relief has considerable influence on the propagation speed of fire The flame can be compared with a radiating panel that dries out the materials located upstream It takes them to their ignition temperature In addition the wind and slope modify the flame s angle of radiation angle of the flame in relation to the ground a rising slope increases this angle while a descending slope decreases it This phenomenon results
59. yright 2006 INTERGRAPH Public Safety PR GED FireTactic User s Manual INTERGRAPH To enhance transmission of FireTactic operational information dynamic data can be forwarded directly by sending an e mail to a pre defined series of addresses through the GPRS The recipient can thus have exactly the same operational information as the sender All data entered are stored cyclically and can be exported in Excel type files for future use Similarly you can set FireTactic parameters to define the automatic archiving cycle canal de Transmission RTC GPRS OU sitac 1PC PAR FONCTION AVEC UN RESEAU LOCAL Echange de donn es PC DE SECTEUR CODIS COZ Figure 1 10 Possible diagram of the FireTactic system in a network E Forecast Function simulation of propagation helps anticipate You can use modelling to evaluate how a forest fire spreads as from when you identify the point where it started and then go on tointegrate the relief vegetation urbanisation and above all the meteorological conditions It is rapid enough to display a simulation of several hours of free propagation or integrating the effect of firefighting engines within a few seconds Using simple vegetation relief and meteorological data the system calculates 2 or 3 hours of propagation or more within a few seconds This calculation algorithm was set up in partnership with Pr JC Drouet the University of Provence the Centre d Essais et de Recherch
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