embedded kit for embedded software simulation and
Contents
1. 18 4 1 4 Operation 21 4 1 5 Garage Door System 23 4 1 6 Operation 26 4 1 7 Dice Rolling System 27 4 1 8 Operation 30 4 2 Embedded Software 32 4 2 1 Arduino Independent Development Environment IDE 32 4 2 2 Arduino Programming with C Language 38 4 2 3 Sample Code for Car Alarm System 41 4 2 4 Sample Code for Garage Door System 44 4 2 5 Sample Code for Dice Rolling System 46 5 Usage of Embedded Kit 50 5 1 From Connection to Code Simulation 51 6 CONCUL SION EE EE 52 REFERENCES oe es te gere ER at SaR SS 54 GRAPHS GRAPH 1 GRAPH 2 GRAPH 3 GRAPH 4 GRA2. connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 7 22 FLIP SWITCH 6 SWS connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 8 FLIP SWITCH 7 SW6 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 9 Each flip switch indicates specific input FLIP SWITCH 2 SW1 indicates DOOR OPEN FLIP SWITCH 3 SW2 indicates ENGINE RUNNING FLIP SWITCH 4 SW3 indicates KEY IN PLACE FLIP SWITCH 5 SW4 indicates LIGHTS ON FLIP SWITCH 6 SW5 indicates BELT OPEN FLIP SWITCH 7 SW6 indicates DRIVER SITTING The output from the combinations of inputs is indicated by setting various pins in the microcontroller to high state The output pins are set to the output device as follows GREEN Light Emitting Diode D1 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 10 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D2 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 11 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D3 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 12 BUZZER SPK connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 13 Each output indicates specific warning as follows GREEN Light Emitting Diode D1 indicates LIGHT ALARM GREEN Light Emitting Diode D2 indicates KEY ALARM GREEN Light Emitting Diode D3 indicates BELT ALARM BUZZER SPK indicates audio output for all alarms 23 TABLE 7 Test combinations of Car Alarm System eo c r Ro Els E og 3 c E E g DoE so al Ov
3. BREAD BOARD and CONNECTIONWIRE YCC IMELFT law OUTPUT oO GRAPH 11 Garage Door System Schematics To individually troubleshoot the garage door system schematics a copy using the same components was made on a breadboard and a sample code was also loaded into the Arduino Nano microcontroller The switches served as inputs and the LED and buzzer served as output The test was conducted and the circuit was approved for combination in the design of SADET 26 GRAPH 12 Garage Door System prototype on Bread Board 4 1 6 Operation A sample of the garage door system simulation code was uploaded into the Arduino Nano microcontroller With the Universal Serial Bus USB supplying the 5volts needed by the circuit a testing process was performed Push button PB is used to place the necessary pin on the microcontroller on a temporary high state Flip switch S1 indicates the initial state of the door high or low for OPENED or CLOSED The corresponding microcontroller pins are mapped as follows PUSH BUTTON PB connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 2 FLIP SWITCH 1 S1 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 3 27 The output from the combinations of input is indicated by setting various pins in the microcontroller to high state The output pins are set to the output device as follows GREEN Light Emitting Diode D1 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin
4. TABLE 1 Simulation Exercises adapted from Central Ostrobothnia University of Applied Sciences 2012 Example Learning Goals Seat Belt Alarm One bit i o C extensions to handle i o IDE and simulator Seat Belt Alarm Good software structuring Dice Byte level i o Software and test design Up Down Dice Introduction to system states Door Opener Door Opener with integrated burglar alarm Modeling based on state charts State chart implementation Timing Time Triggered Architecture The above examples are taught in a virtual hardware testing environment and students gets physical device for testing during the embedded system course Using a virtual testing environment may render desired solutions but exclude the visual knowledge of how a physical device would respond to tests being performed 4 ARDUINO BASED KIT FOR PRACTICALS Arduino may eliminate the low level challenges of embedded system hardware and software design which as a minor subject is not of great importance but the student will still experience a large majority of the concepts from its shared simplicity and with the added benefit of building working and interesting designs with minimal difficulty The student will be provided a multipurpose micro controller that can be incorporated into any electronic circuit as flexible as the imagination of the student and each micro controller can be programmed with c language Part of t
5. sets the digital pin as input pinMode DRIVERSITTING INPUT sets the digital pin as input void loop lights reminder if isLightsOn amp amp isEngineRunning amp amp isDriverDoorOpen setLightsAlarmOn else setLightsAlarmOff key reminder if isKeyInPlace amp amp isEngineRunning amp amp isDriverDoorOpen setkeyALarmOn else setkeyALarmOff if seat belt is not fastend do alarm if isDriverSitting amp amp isBeltOpen amp amp isKeylnPlace setBeltAlarmOn else setBeltAlarmOff HI FUNCTIONS IIIT unsigned char isLightsOn if digitalRead LIGHTSON HIGH return HIGH 43 else return LOW unsigned char isEngineRunning if digitalRead ENGINERUNNING HIGH return HIGH else return LOW unsigned char isDriverDoorOpen if digitalRead DOOROPEN HIGH return HIGH else return LOW unsigned char isKeylnPlace if digitalRead KEYSINPLACE HIGH return HIGH else return LOW unsigned char isDriverSitting if digitalRead DRIVERSITTING HIGH return HIGH else return LOW unsigned char isBeltOpen if digitalRead BELTOPEN HIGH return HIGH else return LOW void setLightsAlarmOn digitalWrite LIGHT_ALARM HIGH set LED on digitalWrite BUZZER HIGH set buzzer on void setLightsAlarmOff digitalWrite LIGHT_ALARM LOW set LED OFF digitalWrite BUZZER LOW set buzzer OFF voi
6. CLOSING digital Write OPENEDLIGHT LOW break delay 1000 4 2 5 Sample Code for Dice Simulation System Example DICE ROLLING CODE that Turns on seven segment display define 7_SEGMENTa 12 7_SEGMENTa connected to digital pin 12 define 7_SEGMENTb AO 7_SEGMENTb connected to Analog pin A0 define 7_SEGMENTc A1 7_SEGMENTc connected to Analog pin Al define 7 SEGMENTd A2 7 SEGMENTd connected to Analog pin A2 define 7 SEGMENTe A3 7 SEGMENTe connected to Analog pin A3 47 define 7 SEGMENTf A4 7 SEGMENTf connected to Analog pin A4 define 7 SEGMENTg A5 7 SEGMENTS connected to Analog pin A5 define ROLLDICE 2 INPUT connected to digital pin 2 int val 0 val will be used to store the state of the input pin int old_val 0 this variable stores the previous value of val int result 0 holds the random value generated void setup pinMode 7_SEGMENTa OUTPUT sets the digital pin as output sets the Analog pins as output pinMode 7_SEGMENTb OUTPUT pinMode 7_SEGMENTc OUTPUT pinMode 7_SEGMENTd OUTPUT pinMode 7_SEGMENTe OUTPUT pinMode 7_SEGMENT OUTPUT pinMode 7_SEGMENTg OUTPUT pinMode ROLLDICE INPUT sets the digital pin as input randomSeed analogRead 7 to initial a new sequence of random value initial state of display digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTa HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTb HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTc HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTd HI
7. D1 D2 and D3 or buzzer or 7 SEG or any combinations To use the output pins signals are sent to the microcontroller pins to which they are connected The output pins are connected as follows TABLE 6 Output Connections COMPONENT CONNECTION GREEN Light Emitting Diode D1 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 10 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D2 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 11 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D3 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 12 BUZZER SPK connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 13 7 SEGMENT Light Emitting Diode Connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pins 7 SEG AO to A5 and connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 12 7 SEGMENT Light Emitting Diode 7 SEG is 17 divided into 10 pins a b c d e f g dp 7 SEG a connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 12 7 SEG b connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pin AO 7 SEG c connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pin A1 7 SEG d connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pin A2 7 SEG e connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pin A3 7 SEG f connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pin A4 7 SEG g connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pin A5 7 SEG dp not connected 7 SEG connected to 5volt supply common cathode D350 PAG GRAPH 5 7 Segment Display pins label It is observed that GREEN Light Emitting Diode D3 and 7 SEG A shares Arduino Nano Digital Pin 12 This is due to the fact
8. and five output terminals using three different prototype circuits for the purpose of it to be used as a teaching aid for embedded systems and embedded software lectures Regardless of it being built from three prototype circuits its multiple inputs and outputs allows it to be used to test the operation of limitless number of circuit prototypes by loading and running prototype software of choice This reduces the need to build different circuits for lecture purposes Key words MICROCONTROLLER EMBEDDED KIT EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 n nnn nn nnn nnn nnn nnn 1 2 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION 3 3 CURRENT EMBEDDED SOFTWARE COURSE 6 3 1 Main Topics EE EE 7 3 2 Examples and Exercises Simulator 8 4 ARDUINO BASED KIT FOR PRACTICALS 9 4 1 Embedded Systems Hardware Structure Kit 10 4 1 1 General Structure SADET 10 4 1 2 Operation 15 4 1 3 Car Alarm System
9. byte int long float 41 4 2 3 Sample Code for Car Alarm System Example Turn on LED D1 on pin D10 LED D2 on pin D11 and LED D3 on pin D12 when the buttons SW1 SW6 on pins D4 D9 is pressed according to Table 6 on page 22 Also makes sound from BUZZER connected to pin D13 when LEDs D1 D2 D3 are on define LIGHT_ALARM 10 LIGHT_ALARM connected to digital pin 10 define KEYS_ALARM 11 KEYS_ALARM connected to digital pin 11 define BELT_ALARM 12 BELT_ALARM connected to digital pin 12 define BUZZER 13 Speaker connected to digital pin 13 define DOOROPEN 4 INPUT connected to digital pin 2 define ENGINERUNNING 5 INPUT connected to digital pin 3 define KEYSINPLACE 6 INPUT connected to digital pin 3 define LIGHTSON 7 INPUT connected to digital pin 3 define BELTOPEN 8 INPUT connected to digital pin 3 define DRIVERSITTING 9 INPUT connected to digital pin 3 void setup pinMode LIGHT_ALARM OUTPUT sets the digital pin as output pinMode KEYS_ALARM OUTPUT sets the digital pin as output pinMode BELT_ALARM OUTPUT sets the digital pin as output pinMode BUZZER OUTPUT sets the digital pin as output 42 pinMode DOOROPEN INPUT sets the digital pin as input pinMode ENGINERUNNING INPUT sets the digital pin as input pinMode KEYSINPLACE INPUT sets the digital pin as input pinMode LIGHTSON INPUT sets the digital pin as input pinMode BELTOPEN INPUT
10. on front view The functioning of the circuit was tested using 6 FLIP SWITCHES 20 6 RED LED 3 GREEN LED 1 BUZZER 10 300Q RESISITORS 1 ARDUINO NANO MICROCONTROLLER BREAD BOARD and CONNECTIONWIRE VCC INPUT OUTPUT GRAPH 8 Car Alarm System Schematics To individually troubleshoot the car alarm system schematics a copy using the same components was made on a breadboard and a sample code was also loaded into the Arduino Nano microcontroller The switches served as inputs and the LED served as output The test was conducted and the circuit was approved for combination in the design of SADET 21 GRAPH 9 Car Alarm System Prototype of Bread Board 4 1 4 Operation A sample of the car alarm system simulation code was uploaded into the Arduino Nano microcontroller With the Universal Serial Bus USB supplying the 5volts needed by the circuit a testing process was performed Flip switches SW1 to SW6 are used to place the necessary pin on the microcontroller on a continuous high state Switches at high state are indicated by the corresponding powered on LED The corresponding microcontroller pins are mapped as follows FLIP SWITCH 2 SW1 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 4 FLIP SWITCH 3 SW2 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 5 FLIP SWITCH 4 SW3 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 6 FLIP SWITCH 5 SW4
11. prototypes and final products have become manageable and steady In order to foster the rapid growth of embedded system and software there has been steady improvement of embedded system and software education and introduction of students into time oriented programming which is a key factor in the operation of embedded system and software Embedded systems introduced to a student in the field of information technology exist as a late add on course which reduces the vast exposure needed for students to grasp completely the concept required to further explore the field A quick view at the programming method that students are exposed to at the beginning of their study time reveals a data oriented study method which is not the targeted time oriented programming needed for the programming of embedded systems and software To encourage students to explore more about embedded system and software early introduction of a structured time oriented programming method may help and with the early introduction of electronics and electronic components embracing the ideal of working with virtual microcontroller that exposes and introduces low level resources of embedded systems and alongside higher level abstraction of how hardware and software are intertwined Embedded systems and embedded software programming with a modified version of C programming language commonly known as Embedded C show a modified version of a time oriented programming method that im
12. that there are not enough microcontroller pins for all the connections The selection of which component uses the Arduino Nano Digital Pin 12 is done through FLIP BUTTON J1 18 OUTPUT INPUT GRAPH 6 Schematics of SADET Vcc 5volt is supplied to the circuit through Arduino Nano pin 5V and all ground earth connections are made to Arduino Nano pin GND These connections are supplied through the Universal Serial Bus USB port to the external computer 5Volt power source 4 1 3 Car Alarm System Among the three combined circuits from which the final circuit was made is the car alarm system circuit Its main function is to simulate the workings of a car alarm in case there is an unhandled event such as seat belt not fastened or car light is left on The circuit uses switches as inputs and light and sound as outputs The input switches are the following 19 FLIP SWITCH 2 SW1 FLIP SWITCH 7 SW6 and the output indicators are the following GREEN Light Emitting Diode D1 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D2 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D3 BUZZER SPK The front view of SADET shows more than the required components for the testing of a car alarm system but the required input and output components are marked out as showed in the diagram D3 SPK 4 J e mia f n SA S DS vgs a y N d dd 2 a PBRS BSW 1S w2 sw3 swalsws sw GRAPH 7 Car Alarm System
13. use of vero board and manufacturing of the casing va ASYN z N 2 gt W 3 F A GRAPH 4 SADET 4 1 2 Operation To ensure the project was in complete operating condition a sample code was created and uploaded into the microcontroller Generally the mode of operation reguires taking input from the multiple input buttons performing the instructed Operations and sending the output to any or all of the output channels Pushbutton PB serves as a contact and break switch which is used when the state of the input pin should be temporarily high Switch S1 and switches SW1 to SW6 are used when a constant high state is needed for the functioning of the device and code At high state for switches SW1 to SW6 LED1 to LED6 will be ON indicating the high state 16 The input pins are connected as follows TABLE 5 Input Connections COMPONENT CONNECTION PUSH BUTTON PB connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 2 FLIP SWITCH 1 S1 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 3 FLIP SWITCH 2 SW1 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 4 FLIP SWITCH 3 SW2 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 5 FLIP SWITCH 4 SW3 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 6 FLIP SWITCH 5 SW4 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 7 FLIP SWITCH 6 SW5 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 8 FLIP SWITCH 7 SW6 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 9 Outputs are also sent to either any or all of the three LED
14. 0 success is obtained 36 Blink Arduino 1 0 EE oe File Edit Sketch Tools Help Blink Blink Turns on an LED on for one second then off for one second repe This example code is in the public domain void setup f initialize the digital pin as an output Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards pinMode 13 OUTPUT void loopt digitalWrite 13 HIGH set the LED on delay 1000 wait for a second digitalWrite 13 LOW set the LED off delawy 1000 wait for a second Arduino Nano w ATmeg COMS GRAPH 21 Arduino IDE when compiling a sketch code Upon completing the upload button can be clicked to launch the uploading process Uploading is the process whereby the written and successfully compiled code is transferred into the memory of the microcontroller in this case Arduino Nano Successfully uploaded code is indicated by a beep Blink Arduino10 File Edit Sketch Tools Help Blink Blink Turns on an LED on for one second then off for one second repe This example code is in the public domain void setup initialize the digital pin as an output Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards pinMode 13 OUTPUT void loop digitalWrite 13 HIGH set the LED on delay 1000 f wait for a second digitalWrite 13 LOW set the LED off delay 1000 wait for a second Arduino Nano w ATmega GRAP
15. 10 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D2 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 11 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D3 connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 12 BUZZER SPK connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 13 On powering on the circuit the state of flip switch S1 is read and the initial state of the circuit either OPENED or CLOSED is observed and the corresponding light emitting diode LED is powered on The push button is used to initiate a change of state if pushed the output diode LED presently on is powered off and an intermediate diode LED are powered on simultaneously with the buzzer The intermediate diode LED and the buzzer are powered off and the third diode LED is powered on This stays on until the push button is pushed again and the process repeats itself in the reverse direction Each output indicates a specific warning GREEN Light Emitting Diode D1 indicates DOOR OPENED GREEN Light Emitting Diode D2 indicates DOOR OPENING CLOSING GREEN Light Emitting Diode D3 indicates DOOR CLOSED BUZZER SPK audio output for door opening or closing 4 1 7 Dice Rolling System Among the three combined circuits from which the final circuit was made is the dice rolling system circuit It main function is to simulate a dice rolling process 28 electronically The circuit uses a switch as inputs and a 7 segment light emitting diode as outputs The input switch i
16. April 2012 Component image 2012 Light Emitting Diode Available http ca digikey com 1 3 indexb1598 html Accessed 1 April 2012 Component image 2012 Buzzer Available http www rapidonline com Electrical Power Miniature electronic buzzer 83008 Accessed 1 April 2012 Component image 2012 7segment circuit Available http parts digikey com 1 parts kws 7 segment displays Accessed 1 April 2012 Course material 2012 Embedded software Available https cou171 wikidot com embedded embedded software Accessed 1 April 2012 Jamieson P Arduino for Teaching Embedded Systems Miami University USA McRoberts M 2009 Arduino starter kit manual A complete beginner s guide to the Arduino First edition Miami USA Earthshine electronics Vahid F and Givargis T Timing is Everything Embedded Systems Demand Early Teaching of Structured Time Oriented Programming Department of Computer and Engineering University of California USA
17. ENTd LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTe HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTf LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTg LOW break case 6 digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTa LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTb HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTc LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTd LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTe LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENT LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTg LOW break default digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTa HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTb HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTc HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTd HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTe HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTf HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTg HIGH break old_val val delay 10 de bouncing control 50 5 USAGE OF THE EMBEDDED KIT The architecture of the embedded kit SADET is focused on its usage for testing any embedded software The device created has enough inputs and outputs so that it can be used to demonstrate and test most examples used in present COUAS embedded software course The device has multiple inputs connected to specific pins on the Arduino Nano and the outputs are also connected to specific pins on the Arduino These are fixed connections and the use of the input signals and the output signals in the code must be mapped to these specific pins The hardware device SADET will be provided and the pins connection should be studied from previous chapters The knowledge of the pin connections is needed when coding With good understanding o
18. EO BL zo L c 4 0 a g g 9 Sgela G S28 PEE co WYE wv o 9 3 Description DO ui vi mo IG vam am OON DU PYN 4 1 5 Garage Door System Among the three combined circuits from which the final circuit was made is the garage door system circuit Its main function is to simulate the workings of a garage door when it is needed to be opened or closed using an electronic system The circuit uses switches as inputs and light and sound as outputs The input switches are the following PUSH BUTTON PB FLIP SWITCH 1 S1 The push button trigger a temporary high state in the microcontroller pin to which it is connected and the flip switch state indicates the first state of the garage door either OPEN or CLOSED when it is first powered on 24 The output indicators are the following GREEN Light Emitting Diode D1 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D2 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D3 BUZZER SPK The front view of SADET shows more than the required components for the testing of a garage door system but the required input and output components are marked out as shown in Graph 15 PBESTESWI Swol sw3 Swal swslswe GRAPH 10 Garage Door System on front view 25 The functioning of the circuit was tested using 1 PUSH BUTTON 1 FLIP SWITCHES 3 GREEN LED 1 BUZZER 4 300O RESISITORS 2 330KQ RESISTORS 1 ARDUINO NANO MICROCONTROLLER
19. GH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTe HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTf HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTg HIGH void loop val digitalRead ROLLDICE read input value and store it check if ROLLDICE pressed 48 if val HIGH amp amp old_val LOW result random 1 7 random value OUTPUT TO 7_SEGMENT switch result case 1 digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTa HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTb LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTc LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTd HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTe HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTf HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTg HIGH break case 2 digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTa LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTb LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTc HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTd LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTe LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTE HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTg LOW break case 3 digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTa LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTb LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTc LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTd LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTe HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENT HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTg LOW break case 4 digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTa HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTb LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTc LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTd HIGH 49 digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTe HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENT LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTg LOW break case 5 digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTa LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTb HIGH digitalWrite 7_SEGMENTc LOW digitalWrite 7_SEGM
20. H 22 Arduino IDE when uploading a sketch code 37 After successful upload the code will be active in the microcontroller The same process is followed for custom software created independently Codes can be tested using the inputs and outputs configured in the codes and the power supply to the microcontroller from the computer Thus the USB cable should not be disconnected after the code is completely uploaded 38 4 2 2 Programming Arduino with C Language The magic happens when you press the button that upload the program to the board the code you have written is translated into C language that is normally quite hard to use for a beginner and passed on to the avr gcc compiler an important piece of open source software that makes the ultimate translation into the language understood by the microcontroller Banzi 3 release 9 Arduino libraries for interface access The Arduino coding begins with defining the pins and attributing them to variable names used in the code such as define BUTTON 2 Push button connected to digital pin 2 for digital pins pin numbers are directly written define LED AO LED connected to Analog pin AO for analog pins pin numbers are written are letter A next is a two block structure enclosing several statements void setup preparing statements preparation statements such as pinMode pin mode pinMode LED OUTPUT sets the analog pin as output pinMode BUTTON INP
21. PH 5 GRAPH 6 GRAPH 7 GRAPH 8 GRAPH 9 GRAPH 10 GRAPH 11 GRAPH 12 GRAPH 13 GRAPH 14 GRAPH 15 GRAPH 16 GRAPH 17 GRAPH 18 GRAPH 19 GRAPH 20 GRAPH 21 GRAPH 22 TABLES TABLE 1 Simulation Exercises Front View of SADET Embedded kit 12 Inside View of SADET Embedded kit 14 SADET prototype on Bread Board 14 SADE 15 7 Segment Display pins label 17 Schematics of SADET 18 Car Alarm System on front view 19 Car Alarm System Schematics 20 Car Alarm System Prototype of Bread Board 21 Garage Door System on front view 24 Garage Door System Schematics 25 Garage Door System prototype on Bread Board 26 Dice Rolling System on front view 28 Dice Rolling System Schematics 29 Dice Rolling System prototype on Bread Board 30 7 Seg
22. RAYMOND OGIENOYEVBEDE EMBEDDED KIT FOR EMBEDDED SOFTWARE SIMULATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING THESIS CENTRAL OSTROBOTHNIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES DEGREE PROGRAMME IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MAY 2012 A CENTRAL OSTROBOTHNIA UNIWERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES ABSTRACT CENTRAL OSTROBOTHNIA Date Author UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED RAYMOND SCIENCES MAY 2012 OGIENOYEVBEDE Degree programme BACHELORS DEGREE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Name of thesis EMBEDDED KIT FOR EMBEDDED SOFTWARE SIMULATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING Instructor JOHNNY VIDJESKOG Supervisor MANNISTO SAKARI Arduino based kit SADET is a hardware toolkit for testing embedded software of various designs It includes multiple inputs and outputs components that can be adapted for different test purposes In this work we look at Arduino Nano as a design platform for embedded systems and embedded software courses and explore the possibility of it being suitable for teaching Information Technology students embedded courses SADET is a project based kit that not only introduces embedded systems and its interaction with embedded software but also give easy access to the complex nature of a micro controller It provides a flexible inexpensive interface with its core component as the Arduino Nano that has the ability to accept multiple inputs and indicates output through multiple outputs according to the running loaded embedded software SADET is built with eight input terminals
23. SING 3 closing state const int OPENED 4 opened state void setup pinMode OPENEDLIGHT OUTPUT sets the digital pin as output pinMode O_C_LIGHT OUTPUT sets the digital pin as output pinMode CLOSEDLIGHT OUTPUT sets the digital pin as output pinMode BUZZER OUTPUT sets the digital pin as output pinMode DOORSWITCH INPUT sets the digital pin as input pinMode DOOR_STATE INPUT sets the digital pin as input state_init digitalRead DOOR STATE reads device first state if state_init HIGH state CLOSED determines device first state else state OPENED void loop check if there was a transition if state CLOSED digitalWrite O_C_LIGHT LOW turn LED ON digitalWrite BUZZER LOW speaker off digitalWrite CLOSEDLIGHT HIGH turn LED ON for val digitalRead DOORSWITCH read input value and store it 46 if val HIGH state OPENING digitalWrite CLOSEDLIGHT LOW break delay 1000 if state OPENING digitalWrite O_C_LIGHT HIGH turn LED ON digitalWrite BUZZER HIGH state OPENED delay 1000 if state CLOSING digitalWrite O_C_LIGHT HIGH turn LED ON digitalWrite BUZZER HIGH state CLOSED delay 1000 if state OPENED digitalWrite O C LIGHT LOW turn LED ON digitalWrite BUZZER LOW digitalWrite OPENEDLIGHT HIGH for val digitalRead DOORSWITCH read input value and store it if val HIGH state
24. UT sets the digital pin as input and void loop execution Statements 39 execution Statements such as digitalRead pin value digitalRead BUTTON read input value and store it by checking if state is HIGH or LOW digitalWrite pin value digitalWrite LED HIGH write to output LED by setting it to HIGH analogRead pin value analogRead A0 read input value and store it analogWrite pin value analogWrite LED HIGH write to output LED by setting it to HIGH note digital signal can be written to analog pins other useful library functions randomSeed seed randomSeed analogRead 7 to initial a new sequence of random value random max random min max random 1 7 random value generation delay millisecond delay 10 create delay in continuation millis 40 value millis return the number of milliseconds since Arduino board began running the current program as an unsigned long value min x y value min value 50 calculate and return the minimum of two values max x y value max value 50 calculate and return the maximum of two values All C Language constructs e g int val 0 variable declaration if if statement if else if else statement for for loop switch x case 1 statements default while while statement dot while do while statement char functions function statement datatypes
25. View of SADET Embedded kit 13 The electronic circuitry derived from the above three circuitries from which the final device SADET was created has a combination of the following components for its final creation TABLE 4 Component List PART QUANTITY DESCRIPTION PUSH BUTTON 1 creates make and break contact FLIP SWITCHES 8 creates continuous contact GREEN LED 3 creates green light RED LED 6 creates red light BUZZER 1 gives out buzzing sound 7 SEGMENT LED 1 for number display with LED 300Q RESISITORS 16 for voltage breakdown 330KQ RESISTORS 2 ARDUINO NANO 1 hardware holding the microcontroller 4X4 DIP SOCKET 1 socket seats for 7 SEGMENT LED and 15X15 DIP SOCKET 1 ARDUINO NANO VERO BOARD 1 conducting board CONNECTION WIRES for component connection All the components were arranged using the schematics of SADET and soldered to the Vero board using soldering flux and soldering iron found in the electronics laboratory 14 GRAPH 2 Inside View of SADET Embedded kit A gradual process was taken to obtain the final workable circuit Each step was connected and tested using similar components mentioned above except that the Vero board was replaced with a bread board GRAPH 3 SADET Prototype on bread board 15 Individual circuit was tested and a combination of them was also tested to obtain the final working prototype from which SADET was made including the
26. and the file structure of the download preserved Open the folder and double click on the file named Arduino exe this will launch the Arduino IDE sketch_apr22a Arduino 1 0 File Edit Sketch Tools Help sketch_apr22a Arduino Duemilanoy GRAPH 17 Arduino IDE 33 To test the connectivity of the Arduino IDE a sample project can be loaded from a list of sample code that was downloaded along with the IDE Edit Sketch Tools Help New Open Sketchbook Examples Close Save Save As Upload Upload Using Programmer Page Setup Print Preferences Quit delayt1000 digitalWrite 13 delay 1000 n lt Low Ctri N Ctri O Ctrl W Ctri S Ctri Shift S Ctri U Ctrl Shift U Ctrl Shift P Ctri P Ctrl Comma Ctri Q f wait f set tt wait f 1 Basics 2 Digital 3 Analog 4 Communication 5 Control 6 Sensors 7 Display 8 Strings ArduinolsP EEPROM Ethernet Firmata LiquidCrystal sD Servo SoftwareSerial SPI Stepper vv vv vv vlY TT vv TT TT TT AnalogReadSerial BareMinimum Blink DigitalReadSerial Fade GRAPH 18 Arduino IDE when load example sketch code 34 After loading the project sketch into the IDE the Arduino microcontroller to which the sketch is to be uploaded should be selected according to the steps provided in the below Graph 24 r ci 29 Blink Arduino 1 0 ER File Edit Sketch Help Auto Format Archiv
27. ches PUSH BUTTON PB For partial contact in the circuit a Vn GRAPH 1 Push Button adapted from Digi Key Corporation 2012 11 FLIP SWITCH 1 S1 FLIP SWITCH 2 SW1 FLIP SWITCH 7 SW6 For continuous contact in the circuit GRAPH 2 Flip Switch adapted from Digi Key Corporation 2012 These switches are connected to Arduino input pins and can be used through proper configuration Attached to SW1 to SW6 are six RED light emitting diodes LED labeled LED1 through to LED6 The LEDs indicates when a corresponding switch is turned OFF or ON Based on the three aforementioned examples there was need for three LED outputs one buzzer and a 7 segment display TABLE 3 Outputs GREEN Light Emitting Diode D1 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D2 GREEN Light Emitting Diode D3 For visible green light display GRAPH 3 Light Emitting Diode adapted from Digi Key Corporation 2012 12 BUZZER SPK For audio output GRAPH 4 Buzzer adapted from Rapid Electronics Limited 2012 7 SEGMENT Light Emitting Diode 7 SEG For numeric output display GRAPH 5 7 Segment Display adapted from Digi Key Corporation 2012 The combination of all input and output components are seen in the front view of SADET with the input components in the lower half of the device and the output components in the upper half GRAPH 1 Front
28. d setkeyALarmOn 1 digital Write KEYS ALARM HIGH set LED on digitalWrite BUZZER HIGH set buzzer on void setkeyALarmOff digitalWrite KEYS ALARM LOW set LED on 44 digitalWrite BUZZER LOW set buzzer on void setBeltAlarmOn digitalWrite BELT_ALARM HIGH led is Off now digitalWrite BUZZER HIGH set buzzer on void setBeltAlarmOff digitalWrite BELT_ALARM LOW 5volt led is on digitalWrite BUZZER LOW set buzzer on 4 2 4 Sample Code for Garage Door System Example Turn on LED on pin D10 LED on pin D11 and LED on pin D12 when the button on pin D2 is pressed Also makes sound connect to pin D13 when LED on pin D11 is on Switch on pin D3 indicate initial state of circuit and keep it on after it is released Including simple de bouncing define OPENEDLIGHT 10 OPENEDLIGHT connected to digital pin 10 define O_C_LIGHT 11 O_C_LIGHT connected to digital pin 11 define CLOSEDLIGHT 12 CLOSEDLIGHT connected to digital pin 12 define BUZZER 13 Speaker connected to digital pin 13 define DOORSWITCH 2 INPUT connected to digital pin 2 define DOOR_STATE 3 FIRST STATE INPUT connected to digital pin 3 int val 0 val will be used to store the state of the input pin int state_init store the first state of the device 45 int state holds the changing state of the device const int CLOSED 1 closed state const int OPENING 2 opening state const int CLO
29. e Sketch Fix Encoding amp Reload Serial Monitor Ctrl Shift M Board Arduino Uno This baap Serial Port gt Arduino Duemilanove w ATmega328 Arduino Diecimila or Duemilanove w ATmegal68 Programmer gt aa Arduino Nano w ATmega328 i urn Bootloader VOLA tail Arduino Nano w ATmega168 initialize the digital pin as an output Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduind Arduino Mega 2560 or Mega ADK pinMode 13 OUTPUT void loop Arduino Mega ATmegal280 Arduino Mini w ATmega328 Arduino Mini w ATmegal68 digitalWrite 13 HIGH set the LED on Arduino Ethernet delay 1000 wait for a second Arduino Fio igi Wri wW set the LED off a er ee oe j Arduino BT w ATmega328 delay 1000 wait for a secon Arduino BT w ATmegal68 LilyPad Arduino w ATmega328 LilyPad Arduino w ATmegal68 Arduino Pro or Pro Mini 5V 16 MHz w ATmega328 Arduino Pro or Pro Mini 5V 16 MHz w ATmegal68 Arduino Pro or Pro Mini 3 3V 8 MHz w ATmega328 Arduino Pro or Pro Mini 3 3V 8 MHz w ATmegal68 Arduino NG or older w ATmegal68 Arduino NG or older w ATmega8 Arduino Duemilanow GRAPH 19 Arduino IDE when selecting microcontroller type To access the port that will be used by the Arduino kit in communicating with the Arduino IDE a connection through the USB port to the Arduino microcontroller should be established This option can only be selected when the Arduino Nano microcontroller is connected t
30. en a student understands the concept A better way to show this is to conduct the lecture with a prototype device showing the capability of embedded systems and software This thesis shows how a prototype device is created and can be used in the practical lecture of embedded systems and software and the possibility for every student to become creative and expatiate on the ideal behind the creation 3 CURRENT EMBEDDED SOFTWARE COURSE The current embedded software course shows an encouraging introduction into smart systems for students with previous knowledge of electronics electronic components and digital circuits An Integrated Development Environment IDE with microcontroller hardware simulated support is used on the course The complimentary course Embedded System introduces the general architecture and internal structure of a microcontroller and its interactions with external circuits The practical aspect is conducted with the aid of a Keil uVision compactable hardware The course structure presents itself as organized and educative Reflecting on it from the view of a degree program in information technology students in this program are focused on networking and programming embedded systems and software being a minor focus Using the above course structure leaves no room for self expansion and creativity because the tools especially the hardware components with the implementation of the microcontroller cannot easily be modi
31. f the pin connections the Arduino IDE should be launched if downloaded already else download and configure it as explained in previous chapter A new project is initiated with the start a new project sketch icon or from the Arduino IDE menu and followed by a code that meets the function to be demonstrated with SADET The steps explained in the previous chapter on how to create and load codes sketches into the Arduino microcontroller gives a detailed description Completely compiled and uploaded code can be tested with SADET still connected to the USB port of the computer as it is the source of the 5volts needed to power the circuit Testing a code with SADET involves sending input from the input component defined in the code and observing the output from the output component defined 51 in the code either diode LED buzzer sound or 7 Segment display If output display is as expected the code works perfectly else the code edited compiled and uploaded into SADET until the desired output is obtained 5 1 From Connection to Code Simulation The complete understanding of how the Arduino Nano working in line with other circuit components input and output is relevant to using SADET It is not a complex process as it involves setting a pin to HIGH or LOW state 5volts create a HIGH state source point and GND ground creates a LOW state end point The basic law of electricity which states that electricity flow from a point of high
32. fied or improved upon Knowledge gained from this course structure requires more research for it to be useful in the pursuit of the implementation of embedded systems and software for professional and leisure use Information technology students with embedded systems and software as a minor focus tend to prefer to use the knowledge for leisure purpose With the introduction of a hardware and IDE Integrated Development Environment structure that support such usage will add more value to the course Research made into the open source project in embedded system and software known as ARDUINO project comprised of microcontroller boards related IDE and support website This thesis implements Arduino Nano as a case study for student and shows how it can be implemented in the embedded system and software courses and generally stirs student interest in using it for leisure design due to its ease of usage 3 1 Main Topics Presently the embedded software course introduces students to these topics adapted from Central Ostrobothnia University of Applied Sciences 2012 1 Introduction to Embedded Systems 2 HW related extensions to C 3 Port I O 4 Program development and testing in simulator 5 Interrupts 6 Timer and Timer Interrupts 7 State Machines 8 Time Triggered Architecture 3 2 Examples and Exercises Simulator Practically using the Keil uVision IDE Integrated Development Environment students are taught the below examples
33. he information technology degree program curriculum is c language course thereby further easing the embedded software programming Accompanying the hardware is a programming kit that provides an integrated development environment IDE and with this creating and uploading a program into the micro controller is simplified Practicals for the embedded systems and software courses are mainly performed in a virtual hardware platform which does not satisfy the curiosity of students on how real physical devices would respond to the activities and codes created by them This chapter will illustrate how a physical device is created to be used in place of the virtual hardware device for embedded software code testing 10 4 1 Embedded Systems Hardware Structure Kit The thesis involves the actual creation of an embedded kit SADET using electronic components SADET is an embedded system using the Arduino Nano that was created to be used for embedded software testing The device created has enough inputs and outputs so that it can be used to demonstrate and test most examples used in present COUAS embedded software course 4 1 1 General Structure SADET SADET was created and tested incrementally by combining three example circuits used in the embedded software course namely CAR ALARM GARAGE DOOR and DICE ROLLING SYSTEM To be able to demonstrate and test each of these systems SADET needed to have eight input switches TABLE 2 Input Swit
34. ment Display pins label 31 Arduino IDE 33 Arduino IDE when load example sketch code 33 Arduino IDE when selecting microcontroller type 34 Arduino IDE when selecting Universal Serial Bus communication port EE 35 Arduino IDE when compiling a sketch code 36 Arduino IDE when uploading a sketch code 37 TABLE 2 Input Switches 10 TABLE 3 Outputs 11 TABLE 4 Component List 13 TABLE 5 Input Connections 16 TABLE 6 Output Connections 16 TABLE 7 Test combinations of Car Alarm System 23 1 INTRODUCTION This thesis comprises of embedded hardware and embedded software information First it introduces the embedded system courses as presently taught to students such as their main topics examples and exercises and afterwards it describes how to design and implement an embedded kit using various electronic components and its main compo
35. nent being an Arduino Nano It also further instructs on how to use the kit to demonstrate and test embedded software example programs Knowing that the electronics and embedded system is not a major line of concentration for the information technology degree program students using an easy understandable kit with the Arduino Nano will help capture the heart of many non electronics engineers Using Arduino and related open source project as a platform for teaching embedded courses provides a room for continuous exploration and innovation for students regardless of their choice of course major Viewing what is expected by a student from the electronic and embedded system courses at undergraduate level using Arduino serves as good introduction to the concept of embedded system and due to it being an open source project there is the opportunity for every student to continue self exploration and show their creativity as much as possible Arduino Nano simplicity gives an easy means for student to build devices that would be harder to implement with other embedded platforms The Arduino community which consists of not only engineers and scientists but also a large collection of hobbyists gives student the opportunity to get design ideals access to large knowledge databases and encouragement to get something working even after the courses are over This work also shows an embedded kit created using an Arduino Nano with multiple inputs and o
36. ng errors are corrected in IDE and the process is repeated until the functioning observed by testing in SADET is what is wanted All projects sketches needed for the operational testing of the circuits from which SADET was made were coded compiled and uploaded individual into SADET The required input from the input components were sent in and used successfully and the desired output from the output component where observed 53 Arduino Nano is an embedded system that has pins to which any input or output component can be connected This leaves room for the improvement of SADET with components like a potentiometer if a steady decrease in output voltage is needed a proximity sensor switch if a non contact input is required infra red sensor switch if a remote control mechanism is needed The improvement of SADET is vast and only limited by the imagination of the designer and also the requirement for the circuit to be simulated The project sketch coding is almost the same but with a few more Arduino libraries to be learnt and the whole of C Language libraries at the programmer s disposal 54 REFERENCES Banzi M 2010 Getting Started with Aduino Third release California USA Makebooks Brian E 2007 Arduino programming notebook First edition California USA Creative commons Component image 2012 7segment display Available http www mikrocontroller rojekte de Mikrocontroller 7Segment 7Segment html Accessed 1
37. o the computer through the USB Universal Serial Bus and the computer has detected and acknowledges the use of the interfaces Connection is made through the USB port but the option available comes in the form of communication port COM 35 Blink Arduino 1 0 So File Edit Sketch Help Auto Format Ctrl T Archive Sketch aani Fix Encoding amp Reload i Serial Monitor Ctrl Shift M T Blink Turns on an Board p F one second repe gra Serial Port gt COM3 This examples S Programmer b void setup Burn Bootloader i initialize the digital pin as an output Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards pinMode 13 OUTPUT void loop digitalWrite 13 HIGH set the LED on delay 1000 wait for a second digitalWJrite 13 LOW f set the LED off delay 1000 wait for a second Arduino Nano ww ATmeg on COMS GRAPH 20 Arduino IDE when selecting Universal Serial Bus communication port Successfully selecting all option the compile button can be clicked to launch the compiling process This will instruct the computer to read through the selected code or custom code if it was written by a student and check for any errors in the coding of creation of the coding upload able code If there are errors in the code they will be displayed below the code window and guide on how to correct the code will be provided Corrections are made to code errors and compiled repeatedly until a 10
38. ocess was performed Push button PB is used to place the necessary pin on the microcontroller on a temporary high state follows The corresponding microcontroller pins are mapped as PUSH BUTTON PB connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 2 The output from the input is indicated by setting various pins in the microcontroller to low state because the 7 SEG is a common cathode which means all diodes LEDs are connected to a common pin which in turn is connected to 31 5volts Microcontroller pins are set to low to ensure a low potential difference with respect to the 5volts high potential thus ensuring the flow of electricity through the diode LED The output pins all combines to the functioning of the 7 SEG diode LED and are set to the output device as follows 7 SEG a connected to Arduino Nano Digital Pin 12 7 SEG b connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pins AO 7 SEG c connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pins A1 7 SEG d connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pins A2 7 SEG e connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pins A3 7 SEG f connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pins A4 7 SEG g connected to Arduino Nano Analog Pins A5 7 SEG dp not connected 7 SEG connected to 5volt supply common cathode On powering on the circuit all the diodes LEDs are set to HIGH rendering them off The push button provides temporary contact for creating a high state in the input pin to initiate the generation
39. of a random number which is displayed in the 7 SEG The corresponding pins needed to form the number are set to LOW state and others set to HIGH The pin to LED arrangement is shown in Graph 21 gf ab D350 PAG GRAPH 16 7 Segment Display pins label 32 4 2 Embedded Software In addition to creating a physical device using electronic components a complimentary code in C Language Embedded C must be written and uploaded into the microcontroller before it can function The function of the device is exclusively decided by the code uploaded into it as the physical device serves as a means to send in input into the code and display output of the code The device s multiple inputs and outputs serve to give options and flexibility when writing the code The device has the capability to test any embedded software capable of using any or all of the inputs as its inputs and any or all of the device outputs as its outputs 4 2 1 Arduino Integrated Development Environment IDE Embedded software for Arduino microcontrollers are written and compiled using the Arduino IDE Integrated Development Environment Arduino IDE software is Open Source which means everyone has access to it freely and it can be downloaded from Arduino webpage http arduino cc en Main Software After downloading the software which comes as a Zip file Arduino 1 0 at the time of this material it should be unzipped copied to a safe location on the hard drive
40. plements hardware configuration into basic programming The configuration is made easy with a set of easy to use tools that support the hardware being configured C captured compiled simulated debugged and a programmable virtual microcontroller It should also enable the uploading through specific interface into the physical hardware microcontroller An early introduction into the field of embedded systems and software and a continuous steady growth in an environment where ideal exploration is the order of the day the development of an ideal oriented physical prototype of a device implementing a programmable microcontroller is achievable Students that are predisposed to electronics and those that welcome new ideals and challenges to test their imagination and creativity can be nurtured and encouraged by making their impression of exploring the field embedded systems and software an interesting and innovative one Students of information technology have less chance of embracing embedded systems and software but with early introduction to time oriented programming and electronics the desire to venture into embedded systems and software can be stirred up An opportunity to capture students and encourage their interest in embedded systems and software is during the course of embedded systems and software The lecture time should expose the advantages of knowing embedded systems and software and the freedom of being creative with one s ideals wh
41. potential HIGH to a point of low potential LOW is applicable here The USB cable connected to the computer supplies the 5volts through one of its pins and a ground connection GND through another thus making it very important and should stay connected to the computer while operating SADET A written and compiled code sketch should be uploaded into the Arduino Nano microcontroller and a simulation of the code performed using SADET This involves sending described input signals in the code with the input component and observing through audio or visual the output component according to the code specification 52 6 CONCLUSION The aim of this thesis is to create a single embedded kit with an Arduino Nano capable of simulating and troubleshooting any embedded software An embedded kit SADET was created from the combination of a car alarm garage door and dice rolling system SADET is capable of simulating and troubleshooting any embedded software that can adapt to its system s eight input and five output components SADET s basic function is to test and demonstrate any embedded software whose input and output requirement can be met by SADET Projects sketches are coded compiled and uploaded to SADET using the Arduino IDE through a USB cable connecting SADET to the computer After uploading the project is tested using input components to send input signal and observing the output components for proper functioning If needed the codi
42. s PUSH BUTTON PB The push button triggers a temporary high state in the microcontroller pin to which it is connected The output indicator is 7 SEGMENT Light Emitting Diode 7 SEG The front view of SADET shows more than the required components for the testing of a dice rolling system but the required input and output components are marked out as shown in Graph 18 SPK PBS EES wil sw sw3 Swa swslswe GRAPH 13 Dice Rolling System on front view 29 The functioning of the circuit was tested using 1 PUSH BUTTON 7 300Q RESISITORS 1 330KQ RESISTORS 1 ARDUINO NANO MICROCONTROLLER BREAD BOARD and CONNECTIONWIRE v OUTPUT INPUT vec sv AD D13 H PPRS ss GRAPH 14 Dice Rolling System Schematics To individually troubleshoot the dice rolling system schematics a copy using the same components was made on a breadboard and a sample code was also loaded into the Arduino Nano microcontroller The switches served as inputs and the 7 SEGMENT LED served as output The test was conducted and the circuit was approved for combination in the design of SADFT 30 GRAPH 15 Dice Rolling System prototype on Bread Board 4 1 8 Operation A sample of the dice rolling system simulation code was uploaded into the Arduino Nano microcontroller With the Universal Serial Bus USB supplying the 5volts needed by the circuit a testing pr
43. utputs which can be adapted for various purposes The creation of the embedded kit known as SADET was made using three prototype circuits and all needed inputs and outputs of the circuits where provided Implementing eight inputs and five outputs SADET was created from the prototypes garage door system dice rolling system and car alarm system all adapted from the embedded software lecture for which the embedded kit was created for in order to ease the testing of embedded software written during the lecture The inputs are switch acting as sensors actuators and signal acceptors which are normally found on device hardware and the output comprise of visual indicators such as light emitting diodes LEDs sound indicators such as a buzzer and a 7 segment display for numerical visual appeal The functioning of SADET was demonstrated using sample codes created individually for each system from which it was combined Each code was written compiled and uploaded into the microcontroller of SADET using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment IDE 2 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION In the generation of electronics and smart machines embedded systems play a very important role in the continuous growth and ideal actualization in the field Embedded system growth has been progressive and fast within the past two decade and with the implementation of semiconductors into electronics the size and availability of embedded systems both as study
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