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User Guide to OML-Highway

1. It is required that you have access to certain files which are typically created with OSPM tools With a default installation you can find samples as indi cated in the following Three categories of files are required e OSPM Diurnal Traffic Variation Files trf you must indicate a folder where several such files are present There is one such file for each OSPM traffic type see Section 2 4 With a default installation you may indicate the path C Apps Winospm Data Traffic National DK e An OSPM Vehicle List file vlf With a default installation you may as an example indicate the file C Apps Winospm Lists National DKN VehiclesDK12 2013mil vlf e An OSPM Fuel List file flf With a default installation you may as an example indicate the file C Apps Winospm Lists National DKN Fuels 1999 El FC PN flf There are more details on the contents of these files in the OSPM manual The outcome of Step 2 is a det file Diurnal Emission variation for Target roads You must specify a name for it in the last field of the window e g MyTest det The det file is a text file used by OML Highway to provide in formation on the time variation of emissions from target road sources Emis sions are normalised to an annual daily traffic of 10 000 vehicles The det file can be inspected by pressing the rightmost icon besides the name of the file see Figure 5 7 The file is further described in Chapter 7 5 4
2. e One or two road network shapefiles which describe roads referred to as target roads and background roads These concepts are further explained in the next sections The files contain records de scribing road segments Road segments are characterized by a large number of attributes the most important of which are Annual Aver age Diurnal Traffic AADT the share of heavy duty traffic and av erage travel speed Road network shapefiles and their attributes are described in more technical detail in the Appendix section 7 3 1 e A file with regional background concentrations See section 5 8 and the Appendix section 7 3 6 concerning content and format e A meteorological data set with hourly data typically for a year See section 5 9 and the Appendix section 7 3 8 concerning content and format e Other background emissions if any See section 5 6 concerning con tent and format e Files containing information on emission from traffic There are sev eral such files having extensions trf vlf and flf A set of these files exist for Danish conditions but users elsewhere must make ad justments to reflect the situation in their country There is some in formation on these in the remainder of the present chapter but for full details you must consult the manual for WinOSPM e A deb file Diurnal Emission Background file It provides infor mation on the diurnal variation of emissions from the background roads
3. ated by filling in the fields shown in Figure 5 7 Road Source Characteristics Step2 Select Traffic Input File Traffic Category File xls ayUse MyTesthRoadNetworkNMyTeest sls MyTest EJ E Path for OSPM Diurnal Traffic Variation Files trf C Apps Winospm Data T raffic National DK ar Step 1 Create Road Source Characteristics and create OML Road source file O Step 2 Calculate Diurnal Emissions O Step 3 Calculate Average Emissions Select OSPM Emission Input Files OSPM Vehicle List File vif Year 2013 donaNDKNVehiclesDK12 2013mi MZ PF vif Exi OSPM Fuel List File ff b ListsNNationaNDK Fuels 1999 EL FC PN fII Ex Create Diurnal Emission Profiles Current Road Network Shape RoadNetwork shp TestVariousOML files MyTest det 3 E Current Traffic Categories File 2 ER MyTest xls Status WEE Running RoadEmi exe Figure 5 7 Road Source Characteristics Step 2 where a det file is created When you encounter this window the uppermost file name the xIs Traffic Category file will typical ly be filled in because it was created during Step 1 The subsequent fields must be filled in as explained below To the right of each field are two icons the leftmost is for browsing to the file while the rightmost is for inspecting the file with suitable software Name Diurnal Emission Variation det
4. kg year kg year 10 144 yr L2 TETA HS HB Id QNOX fractionNo2 QCO QCO2 QPMExh QPM2 5 QPM10 QPNumber 10000 1 0 4 0 1 360 4322 24 13512 789 705 155966 531449219 7 246446 20 8284 52 53595 309654 4 1000 01 0 4 0 1 96 42887 21 59819 329 0174 49854 6120634766 2 171314 6 349024 15 58568 72151 63 10000 1 0 4 0 1 295 5294 24 24422 618 3944 125872 345769531 5 884074 16 88584 42 6975 256538 6 1000 01 0 4 0 1 211 6069 24 13281 464 0358 91594 7706171875 4 255135 12 23087 30 84874 181758 8 1000 01 0 4 0 1 201 263 22 70435 599 8583 98059 1344921875 4 360292 12 67854 31 40097 158479 8 Figure 7 4 Sample of an arb file The sample shown has been reformatted slightly for legibility 52 7 3 5 Files of type deb Diurnal Emissions Background A Diurnal Emission Background file is a text file It provides information on the diurnal variation of emissions from the background roads The file contains diurnal emission profiles that are normalized to 1 for all pollutants There is no tool in SELMAG to produce this file If data for the area of inter est are available the user can create this file manually Otherwise the sample deb file provided with the installation package can be used if seen appro priate for the region Typically a precise description of the diurnal variation of emissions for background roads will be less important than the diurnal variation for target roads and therefore use of the sample file will be ac ceptable Table 7 6 Data st
5. At night its value is 0 during daytime its value is positive RAD may be missing Indicate missing values as 99 In some contexts you may encounter the name GL instead of RAD z0 is aerodynamic roughness height in meter the term roughness length might also be used in the area where the met data are ob tained Typical values are 0 03 m for short grass 0 1 m for country side with only few trees 0 3 for suburban urban areas This para meter has a relatively small effect on results 59 Rec No Figure 7 9 The first lines of a file with output statistics This file has extension 1 1 E O0 0 uU BONE X 587559 587575 587550 587583 587542 587591 587534 587600 587679 587699 587669 Y 6135302 6135291 6135308 6135285 6135314 6135279 6135319 6135274 6135673 6135670 6135674 NOx 00 NI 0 N 462E 01 398E 01 751E 01 139E 01 515E 01 006E 01 380E 01 304E 00 227E 01 226E 00 767E 01 values for the calculation period 60 7 3 9 Output files with statistics Output files from OML Highway are divided into two groups statistics and time series For each run of OML Highway seven files with statistics refer ring to hourly concentration values are produced These are average val ues for the calculation period the maximum of hourly values for the calcula tion period etc Further a log file with the same name as the statistics is p
6. MyTest sel Close 4 Emissions Select Target Roads Road Sources M Road Background Sources art C Other Background C Users OMLHighwayUser Clean MyT est art e C Receptors C Background Concentrations Diumal Emissions det C Meteorology C Users OMLHighwayUser Clean MyT est det e B Run OML Highway Create Target Roads Create Target Roads Status 0 Figure 5 9 After finalising the three steps concerning Road Source Characteristics for target roads there is a checkmark next to Road sources in the main window of OML Highway Navigator 5 5 Emissions Road Background OML Highway Navigator offers to assist with preparation of a file concern ing emissions from background roads This is a process involving two steps The file which is created has extension arb ARea Background Files of type arb for background roads differ substantially from art files for target roads A file of type arb describes cells with gridded emission data covering the entire area with background roads whereas a file of type art describes physical characteristics of target road segments and the traffic amount on segments but not emissions In the left hand panel in OML Highway Navigator select the label Road Background and then in the right hand panel click the button Create Back ground Roads This opens the window Background Grid Emissions Step 1 Figure 5 10 which is discussed next 5 5 1 Bac
7. There is a sample deb file provided with the installation package which may be acceptable for direct use also for non Danish users See section 5 5 3 and the Appendix section 7 3 5 10 2 2 Target roads background roads and receptor points Figure 2 1 illustrates some basic concepts in the use of OML Highway Figure 2 1 Target roads background roads and other basic concepts In the example presented here target roads are shown as blue lines while background roads are brown lines of various widths Line width indicates the traffic volume on each road both for target roads and background roads In this example receptor points calculation points are placed in short series of points perpendicular to the target roads The emissions from background roads only aggregated in a 1km x 1km grid are shown as coloured squares Target roads are roads where detailed traffic information is supplied and along which detailed information on concentrations is requested e g a highway which is the subject of an environmental impact assessment Background roads are other roads Detailed information for such roads may be supplied but only a limited amount of detail is carried on and used in the calculations The software aggregates emissions from the individual background roads to yield a field of emissions for cells in an emission grid The cells can e g have a size of 1 km by 1 km In Figure 2 1 the coloured squares represent cel
8. so each road segment belongs to a Traffic Composition Category o Traffic Composition Categories are coupled with infor mation in trf files on diurnal variation of traffic and on emission factors As a result a lookup table is produced in the form of a so called det file Diurnal Emission Varia tion for Target roads Such a det file allows you to look up the annual emission for traffic of 10 000 vehicles in ug m s if you know three parameters Traffic Composition Category hour of day and day case Day case can for instance be Sundays in July Eight day cases are defined and the definition of day cases is given in the Appendix Section 7 6 e During further data processing in OML Highway the information in the det lookup table is linked to data on individual target road segments thus allowing calculation of emission for each road seg ment There are further details on formats etc in the OSPM user s guide Berkowicz et al 2003 and in the Appendix chapter 7 When working with trf files it is convenient to use the OSPM tool TrafEdit For background roads the procedure is simpler see section 2 6 2 5 Emission factors The scheme for determining emission factors in OML Highway follows that of WinOSPM It is quite complex and for a detailed explanation you are re ferred to the OSPM User s Guide Berkowicz et al 2003 Here only a very brief introduction is given When generating input data for OML Hig
9. use 0 if it isn t or if this information is missing DD Wind direction in degrees 360 is North while 0 is not allowed DELDD Delta of the wind direction in degrees QUAL User defined quality indicator FF Wind speed in m s HUM Humidity in 96 NN Cloud cover in eights 1 8 RA Indicates whether it has rained or not during previous hour 0 or 1 0 for no rain SN Indicates whether the ground is more than half covered with snow 0 or 1 0 for no snow TC Temperature in Celsius RAD Global radiation W m ZO Estimated roughness length m Synopformat 1 Identifier for the file format Free format Kastrup STATION NAME max 14 char no spaces Coarse Coarse or Fine Coarse if wind direction is indicated in tens Latitude Longitude AnemometerHeight Termometer height Option RSopt Timeshift Force cloud use 55 63 12 64 8 0 2 0 1 DATE r Cir DD DELDD QUAL FF HUM NN R SN TE Rad z0 20050101 1 a 300 20 0 2 6 99 8 a 2 8 99 0 03 20050101 2 0 280 20 D 3 99 7 2 0 99 0 03 20050101 a 260 10 0 4 1 99 1 253 99 0 03 20050101 4 0 280 10 B 99 8 1 9 99 0 03 20050101 5 a 260 10 0 4 1 99 8 0 9 99 0 03 Figure 7 8 The first lines of the sample file Kastrup 2005 SynopticMet txt providing meteorological data to be used as input for the met preprocessor in OML Highway its use is described in section 5 9 58 The file has a 10 line header In order to create your own file you should
10. 06 2015 10 49 1 349 23 06 2015 10 49 14 356 23 06 2015 10 49 2 692 23 06 2015 10 47 42 893 23 06 2015 10 47 42 893 23 06 2015 10 47 42 893 23 06 2015 10 47 42 893 23 06 2015 10 47 163 105 23 06 2015 10 47 42 893 ExampleRun 001 RoadNetwork VariousOML files ARB 001 arb ARB_001 dbf ARB_001 log ARB_001 sbn ARB_001 sbx ARB_001 shp ARB_001 shx Export_001 GRD_26_16 cpg GRD_26_16 dbf GRD 26 16 prj GRD 26 16 shp GRD 26 16 shx Intermediate temp cpg Jun2015_SELproj sel KM_Travel_001 log KM Travel 001 mdb Log Synop 001 txt METfrom Kastrup Syn met MXD_001 mxd MXD_001_ArcMap91 mxd ReceptorPoints_001 dbf ReceptorPoints_001 log ReceptorPoints 001 prj ReceptorPoints 001 rct ReceptorPoints 001 sbn ReceptorPoints 001 sbx ReceptorPoints 001 shp ReceptorPoints 001 shx ReceptorPoints 001 xml ResPNT 001 dbf ResPNT_001 log ResPNT_001 shp ResPNT_001 shx Statistics_001 H19HrM Statistics 001 H26D8hr Statistics 001 H36DayM Statistics 001 H8DayM Statistics 001 log Statistics 001 Max1hr 63 64 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 22 06 2015 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 10 47 10 47 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 14 10 14 11 41 10 14 10 14 10 13 10 47 42 893 42 893 96 977 46 946 2 276 354 034 79 981 403 105 364 6 292 180 232 8 274 Statistics 001 Max8hr Statistics 001 Mean Target ART 001 art Target ART 001 log Target ART 001 xls Target ART O01RSC dbf
11. 6841 2 88 10 0 0 6133903 24 10 100 27 04 0 0 8498 1 99 10 0 0 6133948 7 10 100 27 04 0 0 8498 1 99 10 0 0 6133959 94 10 24 71 27 04 0 0 8498 1 99 10 0 0 6134571 03 100 10 66 43 0 0 a 3 99 10 0 Figure 7 2 Sample of an art file The sample shown has been reformatted slightly for legibility 50 7 3 3 Files of type det Diurnal Emission Variation A Diurnal Emission Variation File is a text file providing information on the time variation of emissions from target road sources It is created by SELMASS There is a group of lines for each Traffic Composition Category Within each such group there is a line for each hour of day and each day case i e 24 x 8 192 lines The table of emissions is normalized to an AADT of 10 000 The definition of day cases is given in the Appendix Section 7 6 The file is used by OML Highway as a lookup table for emissions Table 7 4 Data structure of the det file Diurnal Emission variation for Target roads emissions normalized to annual aver age daily traffic AADT of 10 000 vehicles Fieldname Data description ID ID for traffic composition category also referred to as IDTRAFCCAT in shapefiles Weekday Number of the day of the week Monday 1 Mth Number of the month January 1 Day Case 8 day cases are defined e g Fridays in July Defined in the Appendix Section 7 6 Hr Hour of the day 1 24 Nlight Number of light vehicles during the hour considered
12. 726E 02 9 990E 02 4 275E 01 1 192E 01 2 121E 01 1 6492714E 09 1 133E 01 4 436E 01 2 613E 02 9 990E 02 2 156E 01 1 145E 01 2 008E 01 6 4542598E 08 1 399E 01 4 223E 01 2 655E 02 9 990E 02 2 872E 01 1 161E 01 2 047E 01 9 7504026E 08 9 857E 00 4 544E 01 2 589E 02 9 990E 02 1 654E 01 1 135E 01 1 982E 01 3 9820634E 08 1 260E 01 4 326E 01 2 631E 02 9 990E 02 2 406E 01 1 151E 01 2 023E 01 7 5102726E 08 9 006E 00 4 609E 01 2 578E 02 9 990E 02 1 398E 01 1 129E 01 1 969E 01 2 7184077E 08 1 175E 01 4 391E 01 2 617E 02 9 990E 02 2 139E 01 1 146E 01 2 009E 01 6 2233914E 08 8 481E 00 4 651E 01 2 571E 02 9 990E 02 1 252E 01 1 126E 01 1 961E 01 1 9943322E 08 1 638E 01 4 060E 01 2 694E 02 9 990E 02 3 777E 01 1 181E 01 2 095E 01 1 4165421E 09 7 625E 00 4 722E 01 2 560E 02 9 990E 02 1 029E 01 1 122E 01 1 952E 01 98 0794096E 07 1 406E 01 4 219E 01 2 651E 02 9 990E 02 2 881E 01 1 162E 01 2 048E 01 9 7798989E 08 uk mean indicating that it contains average 7 3 10 Files of type out with a time series of calculated concentrations Optionally OML Highway can produce a file with a time series of calculat ed concentrations As a user you must specify which receptors should be in cluded in the time series This specification is given by an attribute in the re ceptor file If the field RFTIMES is 1 instead of 0 an hourly series of concen trations for that receptor is included in the out file The attribute can be changed for individual receptors via t
13. Nheavy Number of heavy duty vehicles during the hour considered Speed Vlight Speed of light traffic in km h Speed Vheavy Speed of heavy duty traffic in km h NOx Emission in ug m s fractionNO2 Emission in 96 CO Emission in ug m s CO2 Emission in ug m s PMexhaust Emission in ug m s PM2 5 Emission in ug m s PM10 Emission in ug m s Pnumber Particle number in m s Number and order of parameters components are fixed Emissions are normalized to annual daily traffic ADT of 10 000 vehicles Line no 1 6 are not read Free format Week ID day mth 1 1 1 1 1 1 Missing emission values are negative km h Speed Speed ug m s En dk BB ug m s hr Nlight Nheavy Vlight Vheavy QNOx fractionNO2 QCO gco2 QPMExh 1 67 88519 11 48254 64 8 52 8 10 87495 15 20411 11 01438 5270 50888793945 9 475207E 02 2 38 0707 4 268776 67 8 56 4 4 733544 17 27082 5 516197 2496 04145770264 4 092173E 02 Figure 7 3 Sample of det file ID in the first column refers to Traffic Composition Category The file is wider than shown The sample shown has been reformatted slightly for legibility 51 7 3 4 Files of type arb ARea Background A file of type arb is a text file which describes cells with gridded emission data It concerns emission from background roads Each record describes the geometry and annual emission of one cell Table 7 5 Data structure of the arb file ARea Background This is a text file with a 6 line h
14. SZLID and SZMIX These parameters can be computed from the lapse rate in the relevant layer as follows SZI s y g T where y is the potential temperature gradient in the layer K m g the gravitational acceleration m s and T the temperature K SZI refers to the layer above the convective mixing height and SZMIX to the layer above the operational mixing height The value must be de termined from available information Missing values of either of the stability parameters are allowed and are indicated as 9 9999 In the OML input file the unit 0 001 s is used for SZI etc implying that e g a potential temperature lapse rate of 10 K km results in a value of approximately 0 36 in the OML input file e Convective velocity WST This is a convective scaling velocity de fined as ZI HSTAR where ZI is the convective boundary layer height It is 0 m s for night time conditions In the OML pre processor WST is computed for all daytime hours based on the op erational mixing height ZMIX when ZI is undefined e RAD Global radiation in W m Global radiation is incoming solar radiation both directly from the sun and scattered by clouds At night its value is 0 during daytime its value is positive RAD may be missing Indicate missing values as 99 In some contexts you may encounter the name GL instead of RAD 7 3 8 Files of type txt with meteorological input A user of OML Highway can either 1 supply meteorology data in
15. Table 7 7 Data structure of the dat file with regional background concentrations Fieldname Data description DATE Date in format yyyymmdd HR Hour of the day 1 24 NOX Concentration as ug NO m NO2 Concentration in ug m O3 Concentration in ug m CO Concentration in ug m CO2 Concentration in ug m PM2 5 Concentration in ug m PM10 Concentration in ug m PNumber Particle number in cm Number and order of parameters components are fixed Free format Regional background Line no 1 6 are not read All units are in ug m3 except for NOx ug NO2 m3 and for PNumber of Particles cm3 Missing concentration values are negative yymmdd DATE HR NOX NO2 03 CO c02 PM2 5 PM10 PNumber 20080101 1 2 24 1 56 55 00 250 9 9 11 19 3000 20080101 2 1 57 1 05 62 35 250 9 9 11 19 3000 20080101 3 0 74 0 34 63 87 250 9 9 11 19 3000 Figure 7 6 Sample of dat file with regional background concentrations 7 3 7 Files of type met with meteorological input A user of OML Highway can either 1 supply meteorology data in the form of a met file with ready made data in the correct format or 2 provide a txt file from which a met file is generated with a meteorological prepro cessor built into OML Highway Use of the first option requires that the user has access to certain advanced parameters e g friction velocity and mixing height not just those directly observed at ordinary meteorological stations This can be
16. are given after the figure Table 7 8 Data structure of records in a met file Fieldname Data description DATE Date in format yyyymmdd Hr Hour in local standard time 1 24 end of averaging period AL Monin Obukhov length m DD Wind direction in degrees 360 is North while 0 is not allowed DELDD or short DLD Delta of the wind direction in degrees Described in section 7 3 8 HSTAR Buoyancy heat flux in unit 0 001 m s SZ Stability parameter s for layer above z in unit 0 001 s 9 9999 for missing SZLID Stability parameter si for layer above zia in unit 0 001 s 9 9999 for missing SZMIX Stability parameter s for layer above Zzmix in unit 0 001 s 9 9999 for missing TT Temperature Kelvin UST Friction velocity m s WST Convective velocity m s Zl Convective mixing height m 1 for missing ZLD Height of sustained lid base m 1 for missing ZMIX Operational mixing height m Z0 Roughness length m TD Not used You may e g indicate 1 CLD Not used You may e g indicate 1 RAD Global radiation W m Identifier for special format used by OML Highway in SelmaGIS Free format STATION NAME max 14 char no spaces Coarse or Fine Coarse if wind direction is indicated in tens STATION Latitude degrees STATION Time LST or GMT Kappa 0 35 or 0 40 5 10 are not read 20110203 from MM5 Rad added missing filled in last line added Td and Cld are not used by OML Hi
17. art ARea Target and det Diur nal Emission variation for Target roads In the left hand panel select the label Road sources and then in the right hand panel click the button Create Target Roads This opens the window Road Source Characteristics Step 1 Figure 5 5 which is discussed next 5 4 1 Road source characteristics Step 1 In this step an art file and certain other files are created by filling in the fields shown in Figure 5 5 1 The term area is referred to in the description of the extension because this file describes area sources as opposed to point sources 24 Road Source Characteristics Step1 z C Step 1 Create Road Source Select Road Network Shape File Characteristics and create Road network File shp OML Road source file C Step 2 Calculate ee Diurnal Emissions Traffic Categories CO Step 3 Calculate Heavy duty Si HEGE T Average Emissions IEEE o 1 20 2 30 3 40 4 50 Create OML Road Sources Current Road Network Shape Name OML Source File an Start ER Current Traffic Categories File V Generalize Lines Close Status 0 Figure 5 5 Road Source Characteristics Step 1 where an art file is created You must select an existing Road network shapefile right panel top and indicate the name and location of an art file to be created right panel bottom The reddish icon inside the red ring allows you
18. at least one blank but it is unimportant whether they are in col umns In general it is not permitted to have missing values Exceptions to this rule are indicated where applicable When you prepare data this requirement may sometimes force you to create data values by some method interpolation copying from a previous hour or some sort of random generator For CIR just indicate the value 0 DELDD is the change in wind direction from one hour to the next based on wind direction for the previous the current and the next hour The unit is degrees Assuming that DD after is the wind di rection during the hour after the current and DD before the wind di rection during the previous hour DelDD can be computed by this piece of code DIFF DD after DD before IF DIFF gt 180 DIFF DIFF 360 IF DIFF lt 180 DIFF 360 DIFF DelDD DIFF 2 QUAL is a user defined quality indicator for the data record It is not used in calculations so you may just indicate a value of 0 if you don t want to use it FF is wind speed in m s HUM is humidity in NN is cloud cover in eights RA indicates whether it has rained during the previous hour 0 for No rain otherwise 1 SN indicates whether more than half of the ground is covered with snow 0 for no snow otherwise 1 TC is temperature in Celsius RAD is global radiation in W m Global radiation is incoming solar radiation both directly from the sun and scattered by clouds
19. common application of OML Highway is for assessment of air pollution in environmental impact assessments EIA of new major roads or major al teration of existing roads according to EU directive on EIA A report from 2010 Jensen et al 2010 and a short paper Jensen et al 2012 describe the potential applications of OML Highway and its integration into the SEL MAS framework A guidance report from the Danish Road Directorate Jensen et al 2013 provides recommendations on the application of OML Highway for air quality assessments There are a number of reports describ ing projects with application of OML Highway for EIA of major roads e g Jensen et al 2011a 2011b 2011c 2015 OML Highway has been integrated into SELMACP a GIS environment de veloped by Lohmeyer GmbH amp Co KG Germany SELMASS runs as an ex tension to ArcGIS Jensen et al 2010 that is a suite of geospatial processing programs marketed by the company ESRI ArcMap is the main component of this suite SELMASSB is a framework which is used for running various dispersion models including OML Highway The purpose of SELMAGC is to integrate sophisticated dispersion models into a framework with the capability to prepare input data and analyse model output by utilising the spatial capabil ities Many aspects of file formats and preparation of input data in OML Highway rely on the procedures used in the street canyon model WinOSPM WinOSPM is a user friendly
20. copy the header in the example with the following changes e Line 2 Replace Kastrup with a relevant station name The name should be no longer than 14 characters and must contain no spaces Line 3 The keyword Coarse or Fine Use Coarse if the wind direction is in tens of degrees e g 10 20 etc If the measured wind direction is indicated with a resolution of 1 degree you should use the keyword Fine The wind direction should be given as integers no matter which keyword you use If the option Coarse is used a random number function will be applied internally in OML Highway to distribute wind directions evenly in ten degree inter vals For instance instead of an indicated value of 10 a random val ue between 5 and 15 will be applied If your data have different resolution e g 22 5 degrees you must make your own prepro cessing before supplying the data to OML Highway e Line 5 Replace Latitude Anemometer height and Thermometer height with relevant values There should be at least one blank be tween parameters to separate them but the exact position of the pa rameters doesn t matter You should leave Longitude and Timeshift unchanged Also leave other parameters in line 5 unchanged The convention for time units in the subsequent lines is that you should use local standard time not daylight saving time The records in line 11 onwards The values are read using free format i e they should be separated by
21. define the number of buffers at each side of the road located and the dis tance between them By using the Split Polygons tool located under the Topography tool and using the previously created lines this buffer zone is then cut into n continuous polygons along the road network where n denotes the number of receptor points on each side of the road Next by using the Multipart to Singlepart tool located under Data Management Features the polygons can be further split into individual smaller polygons each representing a polygon around each receptor that you wish to create on each side of the road network Figure 5 19 Buffers along target roads and receptor points placed within them Further create a shapefile with receptor points in the centre of each polygon using the tool Data Management gt Feature to point as illustrated in Figure 5 19 This shapefile is used as input to the fourth tab in the receptor point menus section 5 7 4 to create an rct file for OML Highway 37 After running OML Highway you can join a shapefile containing results to the receptor file with polygons using proximity as a criterion for the join With the resulting file you can visualize results to get an output similar to the right part of Figure 5 17 5 8 Background concentrations OML Highway can make calculations of air pollution concentrations based on the emissions provided in the previous steps However there is addition al air pollution that
22. distances or import receptor points that represent all buildings within a cer tain area e g as address points The calculation time step in the model is one hour and model results may be time series or various statistical parameters like annual mean or percentiles The model can estimate concentrations of NO NO O number of particles PM25 PM and CO provided that regional concentrations are available for these pollutants Projects that have contributed to the development of OML Highway have been funded by the Danish Road Directorate and DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy at Aarhus University The present user guide describes the version of OML Highway available in May 2015 more specifically SelmaGisExt dll version 9 29 4 5 26 11 2014 and OMLHighway dll version 1 1 19 1 26 11 2014 section 5 2 explains how to find such version numbers Furthermore it is based on the use of ArcMap 10 In order to check whether you have the most up to date documentation you should consult the web page for OML Highway www au dk OML Highway In future you may also find a more up to date guide than the cur rent user s guide in the built in help system of SELMA which is accessed from the SELMACS menu The structure of the report is as follows e Chapter 2 describes concepts in OML Highway A first time user of OML Highway should get acquainted with the concepts of Target roads and Background roads explained in this chapter but
23. folder structure under the name MyTest Start ArcMap and open the ArcMap project MyTest RoadNetwork Road NetWork And TargetRoads mxd Two layers should be present TargetRoadsOnly and RoadNetwork If the checkmarks are light grey with a red mark as in Figure 5 2 click on one of the layer names twice This allows you to set the correct data source by selecting the Source tab and browse to the location of the relevant shape file which has been copied from the TestData package e g RoadNetwork TargetRoadsOnly shp and choose it as data source Re peat this for the second layer You may have to zoom to the layer afterwards in order to see a map 21 22 File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoproce De as gx 1284004 amp ami MH URO Table Of Contents ax a 88E Selma GIS OP Ej amp Layers Ej A TargetRoadsOnly MI RoadNetWork Figure 5 2 Opening the sample ArcMap project for the first time Save the ArcMap project RoadNetWork And TargetRoads mxd Subsequently use the SELMA dropdown menu on the SELMAGSS toolbar to create and save a new SELMACS project with the name MyTest sel in the MyTest folder For the subsequent illustrations we use this project and we place all its files within the MyTest folder In the subsequent sections of this chapter 5 2 to 5 11 we will present the features that can be accessed from the SELMACS toolbar 5 2 SELMAS menu Selma GIS v OML Highway Navigator
24. install the missing components WinHIp32 exe Note that the OSPM User s guide is available via the menu Help in WinOSPM 19 20 4 Getting started 4 1 Guide for the first time user If you are a first time user of OML Highway it is recommended to start reading a few sections in this manual and subsequently to try to work with a sample data set It is recommended that you skim through Chapter 2 on basic concepts and as a minimum get acquainted with the concepts of Target roads and Back ground roads You can later return to the description of concepts Install the software if you do not already have a working installation Chap ter 3 Then read the first sections of Chapter 5 on basics on the SELMACP menu and the introduction to the OML Highway Navigator This will instruct you how to get started with a sample data set Subsequently go on to work your way through the various menus guided by the descriptions of the various menu items in Chapter 5 Note that the Appendix Chapter 7 contains a lot of reference material in cluding descriptions of the numerous file types involved in an OML Highway project 4 2 Sample files The software is accompanied by a set of sample files located in the folder TestData This data set is a sample of the data necessary to get a project started RoadNetwork shapefile and a few OML Highway text files as Back ground Meteorology deb file You find a few more details on the sample dat
25. obtained by using a meteorological model and applying appropriate post processing The first option can potentially yield data of higher quality than the second This is because the meteorological preprocessor is a simplistic special ver sion of the OML meteorological preprocessor It requires only synoptic data not radiosonde data and it uses various simplifying assumptions especial ly in calculation of mixing height Gis format Odense Syd HW Fine 55 35 IST 0 35 Optional text line no FILE CREATED DATE yyyymmdd 20080101 20080101 20080101 20080101 20080101 20080101 HR Oy Cn i WHE This section gives the specifications for the met file used by the first option A sample of such a file is provided in the sample data set TestData VariousOML_files Meteorology met This approach requires that the user has access to certain advanced meteoro logical parameters e g friction velocity and mixing height not just those directly observed at ordinary meteorological stations This can be obtained by using a meteorological model and applying appropriate post processing The file contains hourly meteorological data It has a 10 line header fol lowed by 8 760 or 8 784 records for a full year s worth of data For the peri od with data the time series is expected to be complete without interrup tions The data structure of records is shown as Table 7 8 and the first lines of the sample in Figure 7 7 More details
26. pertain to each category in the data set considered ID TrafType HDshare 96 Speed km h NrOfSections 1 Type F trf 10 70 93 2 Type B trf 15 120 37 3 Type A trf 15 120 20 4 Type F trf 15 120 11 5 Type D trf 5 50 14 6 Type C trf 0 30 1 7 Type D trf 10 70 2 8 Type F trf 5 50 1 2 4 1 Patterns of Diurnal Traffic Variation As mentioned above patterns of diurnal traffic variation are defined in a set of files These are the so called trf files or Diurnal Traffic Variation files This is similar to how temporal variation of traffic is described in the Opera tional Street Pollution Model OSPM For Danish conditions eight different street types have been identified based on a comprehensive analysis of measured traffic data from different types of streets in different regions of Denmark with a focus on urban roads but also applicable for other types of roads For each of these types there is a trf file A road segment can be as sociated with a certain OSPM traffic type meaning that the pattern of di urnal traffic variation is defined by the corresponding trf file A trf file de scribes diurnal weekly and seasonal time variation of the fraction of each of five vehicle types passenger cars buses etc Table 2 2 gives an overview of the eight OSPM traffic types used in Den mark the corresponding trf files are supplied with the standard installa tion trf files contain normalized data In order to use
27. sbx TargetRoadsOnly shp TargetRoadsOnly shp xml TargetRoadsOnly shx BackgroundDiurnalEmissions deb Kastrup 2005 SynopticMet txt Meteorology met OtherBackgroundSources aro RegionalBackgroundConc dat 7 6 Definition of day case Day case is a concept from OSPM and can be one of 8 cases as shown in Table 7 11 It is used in the OSPM trf files such as Type_A trf diurnal traffic variation files where time variation for the various day cases is specified When working with trf files it is convenient to use the OSPM tool TrafEdit Table 7 11 Definition of Day case Day case Description 1 ON DOO FW Io Monday Thursday months other than July Friday months other than July Saturday months other than July Sunday July Monday Thursday July Friday July Saturday July Sunday July 65 mmc USER GUIDE TO OML HIGHWAY OML Highway is a user friendly GIS based model for as sessment of air quality along motorways and other main roads in open terrain The user guide gives a brief intro duction to OML Highway and describes its use It contains a detailed description of the various menus and their application Further it contains an appendix with reference material ISBN 978 87 7156 150 0 ISSN 2245 019X 77 ai E
28. the button next to the file name field When all fields above the button Create Receptorpoints have been filled in the button can be pressed and a shapefile thereby generated This shapefile is not sufficient as input to OML Highway OML Highway needs a receptor file in rct format For this purpose the bottom part of the menu in Figure 5 16 must be filled in The largest terrain inclination in the area must be specified as well as the general roughness length of the area The roughness length depends on land cover Often a value of 0 1 m is used in the countryside and 0 3 m in urban areas There is a drop down menu to assist in the selection Note that there is an option 1 to indicate that you will just use the roughness length from the meteorological data file In the help text of SELMACS there is a table indicating examples of land cover and roughness values The end results in terms of concentrations are normally not very sensitive to the values chosen for terrain inclination and roughness length For the advanced user it can be of interest to know that the drop down list with roughness values is defined in the initialization file SelmaGIS ini more information in the Appendix section 7 4 At the bottom of the menu the user must specify the name of an rct file OML receptor file This must be done making use of the button just to the right of field When the name has been specified and provided that a recep tor shapefile has alrea
29. to the specifications given in Table 7 2 It should represent background roads but may include target roads as well There is a sample of such a file in the sample package located at TestData RoadNetwork RoadNetWork shp this is the same sample file which was used to represent target roads in Section 5 4 This sample file represents both target roads and background roads for each record the pa rameter Tflag indicates whether it is one or the other Furthermore before you can fill in the field Grid for background road sources it is required that you have such a file SELMACS gives you tools to generate this file as explained in the following subsection Generating a grid for background road sources You may close the current window in OML Highway Navigator and return later The third and final field in the window shown in Figure 5 10 is for specify ing the name of the mdb file which is about to be created You must use the button inside the marked red circle for that purpose Otherwise you will get error messages The intersection could not be done when you press Start When all file names are filled in as illustrated in Figure 5 10 you can press the button Start You receive a message when the calculations are finished Confirm that you wish to add the file to Step 2 Adding a file to a project implies that the file name appears in OML Highway Navigator if you have previously added the same file nothing is changed by addin
30. to browse to a suitable location for the art file while the other icon allows you to inspect the contents of the file when it has been created The Close button will bring you back to the OML Highway Navigator window When you re done with Step 1 you don t have to use Close but can simply progress by clicking on the label Step 2 The caption of Figure 5 5 explains the essentials about filling in the two re quired fields Some more details follow here It is required that you have a Road Network shapefile which corresponds to the specifications given in Table 7 2 It should represent target roads but may include background roads as well There is a sample of such a file in the sample package located at TestData RoadNetwork RoadNetWork shp This sample file represents both target roads and background roads for each record the parameter Tflag indicates whether it is a target road 1 or a back ground road 2 The grey table labelled Traffic categories in Figure 5 5 is displayed for in formation only nothing in the grey table can be changed from the current panel It should be understood that the two columns in the panel are inde pendent of each other The table is related to the fact that traffic on each road segment is classified into a traffic composition category The classification takes place according to 1 heavy duty share 2 travel speed and 3 OSPM traffic type A B H The grey table shows possibl
31. values can be found in the appendix section 7 3 6 There is a sample of such a data set as TestData VariousOML_files RegionalBackgroundConc dat OML Highway Navigator Project Name Close 4 v Emissions Select Background Concentration File Road Sources Backcround File dat Road Background ackground File dat v Other Background t VariousOML_files RegionalB ackgroundConc dat Receptors Background Concentrations C Meteorology C Run OML Highway EG Figure 5 20 OML Highway Navigator Dialogue where a file with background concentra tion data is included in the SELMA project 5 9 Meteorology The meteorological data used for OML Highway is a time series for one point which represents meteorological conditions in the entire modelling area In OML Highway you can either use your own tools to produce a met file in the correct format met or you can supply meteorology data in the form of a txt file from which a met file is generated with a meteorological preprocessor Such a preprocessor is accessible by using the button Create OML meteorological file in Figure 5 21 The first option where you provide a ready made met file require that you have access to certain advanced parameters e g friction velocity and mixing height not just those directly observed at ordinary meteorological stations This can be obtained by using a meteorological model and applying appro priate post pro
32. 3 Road source characteristics Step 3 In this step average emissions are calculated The files required to undertake this task have been produced in the previous steps so not much more is re quired than pressing the Start button in Figure 5 8 Road Source Characteristics Step3 8 Step 1 Create Road Source Select Input Files Characteristics and create OML Road source File art OML Road source file HighwayU serMyT est RoadNetwork MyT est art Step 2 Calculate Diurnal Emissions Step 3 Calculate wayllseryMyT estiyariousOML filesyMyT est det Diurnal Emission Variation File det Average Emissions Join Average Emissions Select Road Source Characteristics File shp and join Average Daily Emisssion to File ghwapUser MyT est RoadNetwork MyT estRSC shp Current Road Network Shape RoadNetwork shp Current Traffic Categories File MyTest sls Status 0 Figure 5 8 Road Source Characteristics Step 3 where average emissions are calculated You will be notified that calculations were successful 27 28 When you close the window you will be asked to confirm that you wish to add the art file and the det file to the current project You should confirm this in order to have the result of your work reflected in the main window of OML Highway Navigator as shown in Figure 5 9 OML Highway Navigator m Project name
33. 8 0 02 0 0 0 3 Polyline Motorvej of 0 075 0 1 0 15 0 0 0 0 253 366166 10 T F trf 0 1 T 3 9 vl 2111 554 014766 10 Type Bitrf 0 1 0 1 70 10 0 2115 224741008 10 Type_F trf 1122 0 1 o 3 120 15 0 2111 441 546469 10 Type_Atrf 1180 Figure 7 1 Sample of shapefile The number of parameters is large so a snapshot of the file has been divided into a left part on top and a right part below it The sample contains more information than the required minimum 7 3 2 Files of type art ARea Target An art file is a text file used by OML Highway to provide information on all target road segments and the traffic they carry Table 7 3 Data structure of the art file ARea Target This is a text file with a 6 line header Figure 7 2 shows a sample This table describes the parameters in the body of the file Field name Data description ID Source ID for the road segment A unique number Called SOURCEID in RSC shapefile X X coordinate of the south west corner of the area source segment Y Y coordinate of the south west corner of the area source segment L1 Length of the first side of the area source when moving clockwise from southwest corner L2 Length of the second side Max ratio L1 L2 for line sources is 1 10 or 10 1 TETA Angle in degrees of L1 with respect to north values 0 90 possible Zero if L1 is North South H Rd Height of the roa
34. ETA m Frederikssund Helsing r 23 Jyllingevej ALPI DANMARK WWW ALPI DK USER GUIDE TO OMEHIGHWAY Technical Report from DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy No 59 2015 4 A AARHUS WD UNIVERSITY DCE DANISH CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY Blank page USER GUIDE TO OML HIGHWAY Technical Report from DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy No 59 2015 Helge Rerdam Olesen Matthias Ketzel Steen Solvang Jensen Per L fstr m Ulas Im Thomas Becker Aarhus University Department of Environmental Science L AARHUS WD UNIVERSITY DCE DANISH CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY Series title and no Title Authors Institution Publisher URL Year of publication Editing completed Referee Quality assurance DCE Financial support Please cite as Abstract Keywords Layout Drawings Front page photo ISBN ISSN electronic Number of pages Internet version Data sheet Technical Report from DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy No 59 User Guide to OML Highway Helge R rdam Olesen Matthias Ketzel Steen Solvang Jensen Per L fstr m Ulas Im amp Thomas Becker Aarhus University Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy http dce au dk en July 2015 July 2015 Ole Hertel Vibeke Vestergaard Nielsen Danish Road Directorate and DCE
35. Emission Meteov Domainv Results Digitizing New Project G Open Project fA Save Project as b Configuration sl Language amp Help Figure 5 3 The SELMA drop down menu sits at the left side of the SELMA toolbar The leftmost item on the SELMACP toolbar is the SELMAS menu It allows you to create a new project open an existing etc If you create a new project you will be taken immediately to the OML Highway Navigator which is a wizard to lead you through the setup of an OML Highway run The OML Highway Navigator is described in detail in several subsequent sections From the SELMAS menu you can access a comprehensive help file This describes use of the SELMASS framework Currently June 2014 the help file does not describe the OML Highway Navigator but this may change with later software versions Check this by opening SELMACS help The item Info bottom of menu will compile a detailed inventory of version dates of various components of the SELMAS and OML Highway software This is useful in case you request support The item Configuration is only of interest if you work with other tools in SELMAS than OML Highway such as AUSTAL2000 or PROKAS 5 3 OML Highway Navigator introduction OML Highway Navigator is a wizard to lead you through the setup of an OML Highway run You can start the Navigator by pressing the button OML Highway Navigator on the SELMACS toolbar onthe
36. Highway To run the calculations and analysis of OML Highway you should proceed to the last label in OML Highway Navigator Run OML Highway as shown in Figure 5 22 Here you should specify the calculation period and the name and location for the output file For the sample data the relevant year is 2009 as the background concentrations and the file Meteorology met refer to that year You can only start a calculation if there are green checkmarks at all previous steps in the process with the possible exception of Other Background If the button to start the calculation isn t active you should check your specifi cations concerning Other Background emissions In that menu you must make sure to remove the checkmark which may be set at Select Other Background Emissions Figure 5 15 OML Highway makes calculations for each hour in the calculation period Output files are divided into two groups statistics and time series For each run of OML Highway seven files with statistics are produced These are e g average values for the calculation period and the maximum of hourly values for the calculation period Further a log file with the same name as the statistics is produced More information on statistics files is found in the Appendix Section 7 3 9 As a user you should specify a file name for files with statistics without indi cating any extension During the OML Highway run the seven statistics files are created They bear di
37. Navigator Emission Meteor Domain Results Digitizing SATT HRU Bed F LER M ite iL Figure 5 12 A click on the arrow icon on the tiny toolbar in the upper left corner Selma Terrain Factory allows you to draw a grid If you press the Shift key while you draw the grid it will snap to rounded coordinates corresponding to the mesh size Finally in the field Grid Shape specify a file name using the button to the right Click OK in order to gener ate the grid file Note that with a standard installation a grid size of 1 000 m is required by default It is possible to use another grid size but in that case you need to change a setting in the configuration file Selmagis ini see the Appendix section 7 4 5 5 3 Background Grid Emissions Step 2 In this step a file of the type arb ARea Background is created Background Grid Emissions Step2 Step 1 Summerize km Select km travelled on Grid travelled on grid KM travelled on Grid File mdb xls O Step 2 Calculate Road background emissions on grid Select OSPM Emission Input Files OSPM Vehicle List File vif Year 2013 Nationa DKNVehiclesDK12 2013mil vlf E OSPM Fuel List File flf sNationaRDKXFuels 1999 ELFC PN E sorkyMyKmTravelled mdb Traffic Summarisation Create Road Background Emission OML Road Background Emission File arb Lists Na
38. Olesen H R Ketzel M Jensen S S L fstr m P Im U amp Becker T 2015 User Guide to OML Highway A tool for air pollution assessments along highways Aarhus University DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy 66 pp Technical Report from DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy No 59 http dce2 au dk pub TR59 pdf Reproduction permitted provided the source is explicitly acknowledged OML Highway is a user friendly GIS based model for assessment of air quality along motorways and other main roads in open terrain The user guide gives a brief introduction to OML Highway and describes its use It contains a detailed description of the various menus and their application Further it contains an appendix with reference material OML Highway atmospheric dispersion model OSPM GIS SELMA motorway traffic pollution air quality highway Majbritt Ulrich Helge Rordam Olesen Danish Road Directorate 978 87 7156 150 0 2245 019X 65 The report is available in electronic format pdf at http dce2 au dk pub TR59 pdf Contents Summary 1 Introduction 2 Concepts in OML Highway 2 1 Input requirements 2 2 Target roads background roads and receptor points 2 3 Road source geometry 2 4 Traffic parameters and temporal variation of emission 2 5 Emission factors 2 6 Emission calculations for background roads 3 Installation and setup in ArcMap 3 1 Overview of installation process 3 2 Details of the installa
39. SPM traffic type re fers to a pattern of diurnal traffic variation on a road By default eight OSPM traffic types are defined for instance there is a type representing Transit roads in medium or smaller size cities Each road type is associated with a file that describes the diurnal pattern of traffic variation throughout a year taking account of day of week and some seasonal variation The classification of road segments into Traffic Composition Categories takes place during data preparation with SELMACP The basis is the infor mation provided in a road network shapefile provided by the user Appen dix section 7 3 1 and a definition of classes which is prescribed in the main SELMASS configuration file SelmaGIS ini more information in the Appen dix section 7 4 If you wish to change the definition of classes you must edit SelmaGIS ini directly there is no way to do it through the menus Table 2 1 shows a listing of all Traffic Composition Categories present in the sample data set distributed with an OML Highway installation Such a list ing can be found in an Excel file produced with SELMAG during data prep aration Table 2 1 Sample of file with Traffic Composition Categories In this case only 8 different categories are represented but the number could be different The first column contains an ID for each category The next three parameters taken together define a category while NrOfSections indicates how many road segments
40. Shapefile BSF Grid for Background Sources Shapefile GBS Road Network File Road Network Shapefile RNS Road Source Characteristics Traffic Vehicle List File Road Source Characteristics Shapefile RSC Road Emission Shapefile RSC Receptor Characteristics Shapefile RSF Diurnal Traffic variation file e g Type A trf Described to some extent in section 2 4 more detailed explanation in OSPM manual Used for meteorological input to be treated by met preprocessor See Appendix section 7 3 8 for a description Text file in format developed for WinOSPM Contains pointers to other files which actually contain data used for calculations of emission factors See OSPM manual for explanation Used for Traffic Composition Category file SELMAGIS OML Highway run SELMAGIS or External ArcMap OML Highway run SELMAGIS SELMAGIS Intrinsic SELMAGIS SELMAGIS External SELMAGIS SELMAGIS SELMAGIS WinOSPM WinOSPM WinOSPM SELMAGIS 48 7 3 Description of input files 7 3 1 Road network shapefile A network shapefile contains characteristics of either target roads back ground roads or both types of roads The field Tflag indicates the type of the road This file must be constructed by the user before running OML Highway However the two last parameters in the table Nside and ID TRAFCCAT are calculated by SELMAS Table 7 2 Definition of fields in the road network shapefile The colu
41. Target ART 001RSC emi Target ART 001RSC prj Target ART 001RSC shp Target ART O01RSC shx Target DET 001 det TimeSeries 001 out Directory of TestData ExampleRun_001 Export_001 23 06 2015 16 01 2009 08 02 2011 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 09 02 2011 23 06 2015 23 06 2015 10 32 17 46 16 30 10 50 10 46 01 05 10 10 10 13 56 159 63 711 1 019 902 651 23 816 632 792 96 977 180 232 Directory of TestData RoadNetwork 22 06 2015 04 12 2013 22 06 2015 22 06 2015 22 06 2015 22 06 2015 22 06 2015 23 06 2015 22 06 2015 23 06 2015 22 06 2015 22 06 2015 22 06 2015 23 06 2015 22 06 2015 23 06 2015 11 40 23 01 11 40 11 40 11 40 11 28 11 40 11 29 11 41 10 10 11 41 11 41 11 41 10 10 11 41 10 10 9 726 850 403 271 412 17 828 4 112 540 64 653 221 148 206 336 5 56 706 403 1 692 220 32 076 64 653 1 372 Directory of NTestDataVVariousOML files 16 01 2009 23 06 2015 08 02 2011 08 01 2009 09 02 2011 17 46 13 20 16 30 20 34 01 05 63 711 946 616 1 019 902 3 767 632 792 ARB 001 arb BackgroundDiurnalEmissions deb Meteorology met OML Highway ini ReceptorPoints 001 rct RegionalBackgroundConc dat Target ART 001 art Target DET 001 det RoadNetWork dbf RoadNetWork prj RoadNetWork sbn RoadNetWork sbx RoadNetWork shp RoadNetWork shp xml RoadNetWork shx RoadNetWork And TargetRoads mxd TargetRoadsOnly cpg TargetRoadsOnly dbf TargetRoadsOnly prj TargetRoadsOnly sbn TargetRoadsOnly
42. a clockwise direction You will first meet Side 1 then Side 2 Road segments have a unique ID number For double digitized roads the software keeps track of the ID of the opposite road segment as illustrated in Figure 2 3 Road centre lines for double digitised road The opposite road source of ID1131 is ID 789 The opposite road source of ID 789 is ID1131 Figure 2 3 A double digitized road The user must supply the road width of each road segment this parameter is an attribute in the shapefile For a single digitized road this corresponds to the red arrow in Figure 2 2 For a double digitized road a road width should be supplied for each of the two approximately parallel road seg ments Figure 2 3 Internally the program calculates a total width as the sum of these two widths plus the centre strip 2 4 Traffic parameters and temporal variation of emission For target roads in OML Highway the user must provide rather detailed in formation on traffic characteristics and the temporal variation of traffic The user can benefit from various predefined files with traffic characteristics For background roads the treatment is less elaborate This section explains the procedure for target roads Traffic on each target road segment is classified into a Traffic Composition Category according to 1 heavy duty share of traffic HD share 2 travel 11 12 speed and 3 OSPM traffic type A B H The O
43. a set in the Appendix section 7 5 We make use of this sample data set in the next chapter Working through the menus 5 Working through the menus 5 1 Basics As a user of OML Highway you will encounter two types of project files ArcMap project files with extension mxd and SELMAGCS project files with extension sel An ArcMap project file defines maps layers etc while a SELMAGCS project file defines the setup of an OML Highway run Start by opening ArcMap When entering ArcMap you should see the SEL MASS toolbar displayed as in Figure 5 1 If you don t then check the chapter on installation Selma GIS OML Highway Navigator Emission Meteo Domain Results Digitizing v Figure 5 1 SELMA toolbar The toolbar can be floating or docked If docked the left edge is a handle that can be used to move the toolbar Most of the items on the SELMACS toolbar are drop down menus The one exception is OML Highway Navigator which is a button to start a wizard In the subsequent descriptions we will often refer to a package with sample datasets TestData This package contains a sample of the data required to build a project You can get familiar with the working environment of OML Highway by placing a copy of TestData in a convenient location and then start building a SELMAGSS project In the following we will describe how to create a SelmaS S project called MyTest We start by copying the files and folders in TestData to a
44. b C Receptors i C Background Concentrations Diurnal Emissions deb C Meteorology ariousOML_files B ackgroundD iumalE missions deb Run OML Highway Background Roads Create Background Roads Status 0 Figure 5 14 OML Highway Navigator window after an arb file has been created and a deb file specified 5 6 Emissions Other Background Emissions In the third and last dialog to create emission input files you can specify the data for other background emissions an aro file and create a shapefile from your aro file If you don t have any important background sources other than traffic you can skip this step However you must make sure to remove the checkmark which may be set at Select Other Background Emis sions if you don t you won t be able to run the OML Highway model in the last step There is an example of an aro file in the sample data set as VariousOML_files OtherBackgroundSources aro OML Highway Navigator 2 Project name My Test sel 4 Emissions V Select Other Background Emissions Road Sources s Road Background ources Pari O Other Background e C Receptors O Background Concentrations CO Meteorology CO Run OML Highway Create Shape File of Other Background Emissions Shape File Name shp Status 0 Figure 5 15 You can use this menu if you wish to take other background emi
45. buses However a user may specify in the shapefile that the heavy duty fraction for a certain road seg ment is e g 9 176 and that the road segment should be assigned OSPM traf fic type A With default settings of OML Highway this implies that the road segment is ascribed a heavy duty fraction of 1076 because binning takes place and the bins closest to 9 176 have heavy duty fractions of respectively 13 14 8 and 1076 The information in the trf file Type A trf is processed to reflect this Thus instead of literally using the heavy duty share of 7 976 the round ed user defined share of 1076 is used Next the 1076 heavy duty traffic is as sumed to be distributed among vehicle types Truck 1 lt 32 t Truck 2 gt 32 t and buses in the same proportion as in the original file Type A trf If the user wants to use a different vehicle composition for e g passenger cars and vans than that specified in the 8 standard OSPM traffic types the user will have to modify the trf file with WinOSPM tools TrafEdit 2 4 2 Target roads Summary of emission data preparation The entire procedure in OML Highway for establishing emission data for target roads with a temporal variation can be outlined as follows e The user provides information on each road segment in a road net work ESRI shapefile e In SELMACS input data for OML Highway is generated involving the following data processing o Road segments are classified into bins
46. butes ee eS IT Symbol Range Label 11 00000 11 08000 11 00000 11 08000 11 08001 11 17000 11 08001 11 17000 11 17001 11 28000 11 17001 11 28000 11 28001 11 48000 11 28001 11 48000 11 48001 12 11000 11 48001 12 11000 E Show class ranges using feature values Figure 5 24 Setting colour coding for visualisation of mean value of PM s 5 10 1 Exporting inputs The menu in Figure 5 22 gives you the option to export all input files so they can be run on another PC You may also wish just to export the input to an other folder in order to get less clutter with a large number of files in the folder where you currently work Choosing the export option means that all necessary input files for an OML Highway run are copied to a single folder with flat structure A run can be performed by creating a bat file with a content of a single line in that folder and subsequently executing it The contents of the bat file should be c apps selmagis omlhw OML hw exe OML Highway ini Wl Rm Error OML txt provided the export folder is on a PC with an OML Highway installation Otherwise you can copy the OML Highway executable to the folder and simplify the bat file to OML hw exe OML Highway ini W1 Rm Error OML txt The executable can be found as C Apps SelmaGis OMLHW OML hw exe 5 11 SELMA toolbar remaining items Figure 5 25 SELMA toolbar The toolbar can be floating or docked If docked th
47. can then jump to the next chapters on installation and Getting started e Chapter 3 describes the installing procedure and the requirements for installation e Chapter 4 Getting started is a short introduction for the first time user It briefly presents a set of sample files accompanying the soft ware package e Chapter 5 Working through the menus gives a detailed description of the various menus and the questions related to them e Chapter 6 contains references e The Appendix numbered chapter 7 contains reference information There are many different types of files involved in an OML Highway project The chapter presents both an overview and details on the contents of the various file types Note that section 7 2 Guide to file extensions is very useful as a reference 2 Concepts in OML Highway This chapter outlies various concepts which we refer to in the following de scription of parameters and files If you are a first time user of OML Highway you should browse through the input requirements below and get acquainted with the concepts of Target roads and Background roads ex plained in this chapter You may then jump to the next chapters on installa tion and Getting started However you will need later to return to the de scription of concepts 2 1 Input requirements Below follows a summary of files to be provided by the user If these files ex ist all remaining files can be generated during a SELMAS session
48. cessing There is further information on the contents and structure of met files in the Appendix Section 7 3 7 Project Name 4 Emissions Select OML Meteorological File Road Sources HM Road Background Meteorological File met Dther Background ser MyTest VariousOML_files Meteorology met NEN a Receptors Background Concentrations Meteorology C Run OML Highway Create meteorological file from synoptic data Create OML meteorological File Figure 5 21 OML Highway Navigator The menu where the meteorological file is speci fied Note the third button next to the field with the name of the met file This button gives access to a wind rose based on the meteorological data file In Figure 5 21 the meteorological file specified is taken from the sample package TestData VariousOML filesV Meteorology met These data were generated with the MM5 meteorological model and subse quently post processed By pressing Create OML meteorological file the user gets the opportunity to create data according to the second option mentioned above where the user supplies a txt file with wind speed temperature and various other in formation and subsequently can run a meteorological preprocessor to create the data file There is a sample file for this purpose in Test DataNVariousOML filesVKastrup 2005 SynopticMet txt and an explana tion of the file in the Appendix section 7 3 8 39 40 5 10 Run OML
49. commended software is e Microsoft Excel or other software capable of reading and handling Excel files e A text editor e g TextPad Administrative privileges are required for installation of the software It is highly recommended that you set Windows to show the extension of file names A default installation of Windows has turned on the option Hide extension for known file types but the resulting behaviour of Win dows is likely to confuse users when working with systems such as OML Highway You can find out how to change the setting by searching in Win dows for hide extension Further it is required that you set the decimal separator to period and the digit grouping symbol to space in your Windows system 17 18 3 2 Details of the installation procedure We assume that you have already installed ArcMap and that you have ob served the instructions above on administrative privileges filename exten sions and decimal separator Next the following three steps should be taken They are elaborated below e Install SELMACS with the OML Highway component e Copy the set of sample files accompanying the OML Highway in stallation to a convenient location e Install WinOSPM The order of these steps is not important 3 2 1 Installing SELMA SELMASB may be accompanied by a Readme file which should be consid ered Normally SELMASS will be delivered with a dongle USB key which is necessary for the
50. cription Optional text file for providing information on other background The user no tool availa sources than roads ble Text file to provide information on all target road segments the SELMAGIS amount of traffic they carry and Traffic Composition ID Does not include information on variation with time See Appendix section 7 3 2 for a description Text file to provide information on regional background concentra The user no tool availa tions See Appendix section 7 3 6 for a description ble Text file resembling a det file see below however a deb file re The user no tool availa fers to background road emissions A sample is provided which may ble be acceptable for direct use See Appendix section 7 3 5 for a de scription Text file Diurnal Emission Variation File Information on the time SELMAGIS variation of emissions from target road sources There is a group of lines for each Traffic Composition Category Within each such group there is a line for each hour of day and each day case defined in appendix Table 7 11 i e 24 x 8 192 lines The table of emissions is normal ized to an AADT of 10 000 See Appendix section 7 3 3 for a descrip tion Text file with annual emissions for each segment of the target roads SELMAGIS The name includes the string RSC Road Source Characteristics Text file in format developed for WinOSPM Contains pointers to WinOSPM other files with data on the fu
51. d bridge in m H DoC Height of the dam cutting in m AAdt AADT annual average daily traffic in veh day Id Id for traffic composition categories also referred to as IDTRAFCCAT in shapefiles Id Source Id of the road segment in the opposite direction Called OPPOSITEID in RSC shapefile Width Total width over both directions Called DOUBLWIDTH in RSC shapefile Calculated by SELMA S Wall Height of the noise barrier in m Called WALLH in RSC shapefile Embankment Height of the embankment in m Called EMBANKH in RSC shapefile Line no 1 6 are not read Free format m ID x 1 587476 02 2 587531 47 3 587586 91 4 587350 84 5 587427 94 6 587525 73 7 587591 24 8 587690 06 9 587788 87 10 587887 69 11 590274 91 12 590185 84 13 590163 83 14 592193 1 ik SreID Height m Traffic Opposite Both road dam compos road direction Noise barrier m m m bridge cutting veh day category direction total Height m Y Li L2 TETA H Rd H DoC Aadt i Id Width Wall Embankment 6135176 100 10 33 67 0 17191 1 99 10 0 0 6135259 22 100 10 33 67 0 0 17191 1 99 10 6135342 44 53 11 10 33 67 0 a 17191 T 99 10 0 0 6134950 71 10 80 62 18 19 0 6841 2 133 35 87 0 0 6134925 41 10 100 12 08 0 0 6841 2 132 28 62 0 0 6134904 48 10 66 71 12 08 0 0 6841 2 88 10 0 0 6134890 47 10 100 8 83 0 0 6841 2 88 10 0 0 6134875 12 10 100 8 83 0 a 6841 2 88 10 0 0 6134859 76 10 100 8 83 0 0 6841 2 88 10 0 0 6134844 41 10 6 39 8 83 0 a
52. d by OML Highway e Line2 STATION NAME Any name of your choice max 14 charac ters Blanks are not permitted Line 3 The keyword Coarse or Fine Use Coarse if the wind direction is in tens of degrees e g 10 20 etc If the measured wind direction is indicated with a resolution of 1 degree you should use the keyword Fine The wind direction should be given as integers no matter which keyword you use If the option Coarse is used a random number function will be applied internally in OML Highway to distribute wind directions evenly in ten degree inter vals For instance instead of an indicated value of 10 a random val ue between 5 and 15 will be applied If your data have different resolution e g 22 5 degrees you must make your own prepro cessing before supplying the data to OML Highway e Line 4 Three parameters should be given First the latitude of the met station next the keyword LST Local Standard Time or GMT depending on your convention when indicating time in the meteorological file and finally either the value 0 35 or 0 40 This number is the value of the von Karman constant used when compu ting the various parameters Files created with the OML preproces sor use a value of 0 35 for the von Karman constant whereas e g AERMOD uses 0 40 Lines 5 10 are not read by OML Highway but can contain comments The records in line 11 onwards contain values of the various parameters For most paramete
53. ds in Figure 5 4 This button is the key to performing the current task unless you are already in possession of the files requested Not all panels have such a button but if there is one you should press it This will lead you deeper into the process of generating the appropriate files 5 3 1 Buttons You will encounter various buttons in the menus of OML Highway Naviga tor They are briefly explained in Table 5 1 23 Table 5 1 Buttons in OML Highway Navigator D Allows you to browse for a file or a path Allows you to specify path and name of a file that will be created It is mandatory to use this button to name the file it won t work just to type a file name ee i v Ls T EmiFact Allows you to inspect a file with a suitable piece of software the software associated with the file extension For meteorological data Displays data as a wind rose Opens OSPM Traffic Editor Allows you to inspect and work with traffic data based on files of type trf vlf flf and several others Opens OSPM EmiFact Allows you to inspect and work with emission factors For shapefiles Adds a layer in ArcMap 5 4 Emissions Road Sources OML Highway Navigator can assist in the task of preparing files which can be used as input to OML Highway The first task in the Navigator concerns emissions from target road sources This is a process involving three steps The files that are created have extension
54. dy been created the button Convert to rct can be pressed The receptor point menu contains the option Create line This is a facility which can be useful for presentation purposes It is explained in more detail in section 5 7 5 5 7 2 Receptors in a background source grid The menu shown in Figure 5 16 has four tabs corresponding to four meth ods to create or import receptor points The second tab Background allows the user to create receptor points based on a background source grid the creation of such a grid was discussed in Section 5 5 One receptor point will be created in the centre of each grid cell 5 7 3 Import of existing OML receptor file The third tab in the menu shown in Figure 5 16 can be used for the situation where the user has an OML receptor file rct but not a corresponding shapefile and wishes to create one By default Use parameters from input file is checked implying that values for receptor and terrain height are tak en from the OML receptor file This import option is also useful if you have several rct files which you wish to combine You can then take a detour via shapefiles which you create here and subsequently import using the fourth tab explained next 35 36 5 7 4 Import of receptor point shapefile The fourth tab in the menu shown in Figure 5 16 can be used to convert a re ceptor point shapefile to an OML receptor file rct If you have several shapefiles you can c
55. e classes for heavy duty share and trav el speed You can consult section 2 4 Traffic parameters and temporal varia tion of emission for further details When you are done filling in the fields press the Start button After a successful run you are informed that an RSC shapefile a Traffic Category file and an OML Road source file have been created You should allow the RSC file to be added to ArcMap The RSC shapefile Road Source Characteristics file has a name similar to MyTestRSC shp the contents of the file are illustrated in Figure 5 6 25 Figure 5 6 Example of target roads as specified in the Road Source Network file left and as specified in the Road Source Characteristics RSC file right In the first file roads are lines while in the latter they are represented as small segments with a finite width area sources 26 The Traffic Category file is a small Excel file with information on the number of road sections pertaining to each category which is characterised by speed heavy duty share and Traffic type The OML Road source file is an art file e g MyTest art This is a text file used by OML Highway to provide information on all target road segments and the traffic they carry It can be inspected by pressing an icon seen in Figure 5 5 the right button within the red ring 5 4 2 Road source characteristics Step 2 In this step a det file Diurnal Emission variation for Target roads is cre
56. e left edge is a handle that can be used to move the toolbar In the preceding sections focus has been on two of the items on SELMACS toolbar namely the SELMAS S menu and the OML Highway Navigator but ton There are several remaining items on the toolbar However nearly all of these offer just an alternative way of accessing the dialogs that are described in relation to OML Highway Navigator The only exceptions are e Visualisation of noise barriers via the menu item Results The menu item Digitizing that enables the user to edit certain features of the road network presence of noise barrier and of receptor points re ceptor height terrain height and whether a time series of concentrations for the receptor point should be saved Visualisation of noise barriers is described in the next section For help on the Digitizing menu consult the SELMAGS help section 5 2 ex plains how to access the help 5 11 1 Results Visualisation of noise barriers From the Results menu you can choose Visualise Noise Barriers This is only relevant if your Road Network Shapefile contains data that specify noise barriers These data are indicated in two fields of the input road network shapefile They are NDistance and NSide A description of these parameters is given in the Appendix Table 7 2 43 44 6 References Berger J Walker S E Denby B Berkowicz R L fstr m P Ketzel M H rk nen J Nikmo J and Ka
57. eader Field name Data description ID ID for background source A unique number X X coordinate of the lower left corner of the area source Y Y coordinate of the lower left corner of the area source L1 Length of the first side of the area source when moving clockwise from southwest corner L2 Length of the second side Max ratio L1 L2 for line sources is 1 10 or 10 1 TETA Angle in degrees of L1 with respect to North values 0 90 possible Zero if L1 is North South HS Height of the release from background source in m The default value is 1 m HB Parameter with a default value of 3 m Ensures a suitable initial dispersion for the area source taking traffic produced turbulence into account Id ID of the traffic composition category for background roads For background roads only a value of 1 is currently used QNOx Emissions in kg year fractionNO2 Emission fraction of NO in 96 QCO Emissions in kg year QCO2 Emissions in kg year QPMExh Emissions in kg year QPM2 5 Emissions in kg year QPM10 Emissions in kg year QPNumber Particle number in 10 year Number and order of parameters components are fixed Line no 1 6 are not read Missing emission values are negative m m ID x Y 1 570700 6129800 2 571700 6129800 3 572700 6129800 4 573700 6129800 5 574700 6129800 m L1 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Traffic compos m deg m m catogory kg year kg year kg year kg year
58. el composition as well as expressions used for calculation of the emission factors See OSPM manual for explanation Statics output from OML Highway run OML Highway run Statics output from OML Highway run OML Highway run Statics output from OML Highway run OML Highway run Statics output from OML Highway run OML Highway run SelmaGIS ini is a text file with configuration parameters for SEL Intrinsic MAGIS Located in the same folder as the SELMAGIS executable The user should normally not change this file See Appendix section 7 4 for a description Log Running OML Highway produces a log file OML Highway run Statics output from OML Highway run OML Highway run Statics output from OML Highway run OML Highway run 47 Table 7 1 continued Guide to file extensions Extension Mnemonic Explanation Produced by mdb mean met mxd out prj rct sel shp BSF shp GBS shp RNS shp RSC shp RSC shp RSF trf txt vif xls ReCepTor SELMAGIS Access data base with kilometers travelled in each background grid cell There are data for each of five background road types Statics output from OML Highway run Meteorological file in format appropriate for OML Highway ArcMap project Output from OML Highway run in the form of a time series of concen tration values for selected receptors Information on geographic projection Receptor data SELMAGIS project file Background Sources
59. ented through the SELMAG S configuration file In the Appendix section 7 4 it is specified what the default classification implies and how it can be changed Table 2 3 The five possible road types for background roads Road type Code for road type Motorway in Danish motorvej 2111 Express road main roads in Danish motortrafikvej 2112 Road 6m 2115 Road 3 6 m 2122 Other road 2123 3 Installation and setup in ArcMap 3 1 Overview of installation process OML Highway works in a GIS environment This environment is based on the software ArcMap which is the main component of the ArcGIS suite of geospatial processing programs marketed by ESRI Furthermore OML Highway requires the SELMASP package supplied by Lohmeyer GmbH amp Co KG Germany In addition the creation and handling of emission files as described here requires modules from the WinOSPM model All of the men tioned software is Windows based Altogether the installation described here involves installation of the follow ing software products e ArcMap not supplied e SELMACS with the OML Highway component A License manager is supplied with SELMAG S e WinOSPM in a limited or full version OML Highway is accom panied by a limited version or optionally a full version of WinOSPM The limited version gives access to various utilities for data preparation as emission calculation and traffic editor but not to run WinOSPM Additional re
60. eters referring to receptor no 14 are included in the excerpt 7 4 Configuration file SelmaGIS ini The configuration file SelmaGIS ini is located in the folder where OML Highway is installed C Apps SelmaGIS for a standard installation You should be careful if you change the file but advanced users may do so SelmaGIS ini is a text file and contains headings for various sections 7 4 1 Traffic Composition Categories Settings for OML Highway can be found under the heading OML Highway Settings Here e g the definition of classes for Traffic Composi tion Categories is given by the statements HD share classes 0123456 8 10 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 80 100 Speed classes 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 It is explained in Section 2 4 how these values are used for binning traffic composition into classes 7 4 2 Background roads traffic composition Under the heading UrbEmi you find definitions related to background roads The following 5 lines define aspects of traffic composition cold start share and shares concerning types of heavy duty traffic for the five types of background roads 61 62 Motorway 0 60 30 10 Express way 0 60 25 15 Road gt 6 m 5 70 15 15 Road 3 6 m 10 70 15 15 Other road 20 40 0 60 These five lines should be interpreted according to the following key Road type Cold starts Truck 1 Truck 2 Buses to be understood in the following
61. fferent extensions thus allowing you to identify their content In addition a log is produced in a file with extension log The second group of output files consists of one file only An out file which contains a time series of concentrations for receptors according to your specifications This specification is given by an attribute in the receptor file If the field RFTIMES is 1 instead of 0 an hourly series of concentrations for that receptor is included in the out file The format of an out file is de scribed in the Appendix Section 7 3 10 Project Name 4 lJ Emissions Calculation Period day month vear Road Sources Road Background Start Date 01 01 2008 EndDate 02 01 2008 v Other Background Start Hour 1 v EndHour 24 v Receptors i Background Concentrations Name Result Files Meteorology Statistic filename without extension Run OML Highway HighwayUseriMyT est VariousO ML_files MyT est Time Series ap ser MyT est ariousOML_files T imeS eries out EA Run OML Highway View Results Export inputs to run on other PC Status 0 Figure 5 22 OML Highway Navigator Dialogue to run OML Highway You start a run by pressing the button Run OML Highway After the run you are asked whether you wish to see the log file The log file gives an overview of input data and contains summary tables of results It is located in the same folder as the files with sta
62. file 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 03 co co2 PMExh PM2 5 PM10 Pnumb NOx NO2 5 38E 01 2 51E 02 9 99E 02 1 67E 02 10E 01 91E 01 4 246395E 07 4 11E 00 3 70E 00 6 17E 01 2 51E 02 9 99E 02 7 92E 03 1 10E 01 1 90E 01 2 011399E 07 2 41E 00 2 25E 00 6 35E 01 2 51E 02 9 99E 02 5 89E 03 1 10E 01 1 90E 01 1 514240E 07 1 39E 00 27E 00 6 34E 01 2 50E 02 9 99E 02 6 10E 03 10E 01 90E 01 1 310985E 07 1 53E 00 40E 00 6 07E 01 2 51E 02 9 99E 02 9 75E 03 1 10E 01 1 90E 01 2 663931E 07 2 99E 00 2 63E 00 5 54E 01 2 51E 02 9 99E 02 2 80E 02 11E 01 G1E 01 7 162566E 07 4 95E 00 4 21E 00 5 15E 01 2 54E 02 9 99E 02 6 94E 02 1 11E 01 1 93E 01 1 507755E 08 1 10E 01 8 87E 00 4 64E 01 2 59E 02 9 99E 02 1 31E 01 13E 01 1 96E 01 2 652900E 08 1 54E 01 1 26E 01 4 60E 01 2 62E 02 9 99E 02 1 50E 01 13E 01 97E 01 2 979616E 08 1 75E 01 47E 01 4 5BE 01 2 58E 02 9 99E 02 1 48E 01 1 13E 01 1 97E 01 3 062640E 08 1 65E 01 1 32E 01 4 66E 01 2 56E 02 9 99E 02 1 26E 01 12E 01 1 95E 01 2 879345E 08 1 56E 01 1 17E 01 5 08E 01 2 58E 02 9 99E 02 1 42E 01 1 13E 01 1 96E 01 2 826022E 08 1 47E 01 1 14E 01 5 00E 01 2 58E 02 9 99E 02 1 37E 01 1 13E 01 1 96E 01 2 847968E 08 1 60E 01 1 24E 01 4 73E 01 2 60E 02 9 99E 02 1 63E 01 13E 01 97E 01 3 240042E 08 1 76E 01 39E 01 Figure 7 10 An excerpt of the first lines of a file with a time series of concentrations for selected receptors In this example receptor no 13 and 14 have been selected Not all param
63. files separately not being part of the in stallation In that case you should put it in a folder of your choice which we will here refer to as the folder TestData This data set is a sample of the data necessary to get a project started It is described in the appendix section 7 5 3 2 2 Installing WinOSPM Below is an outline of the installation process for WinOSPM You may find updated or more detailed information in a Readme file e Unzip the installation files into a temporary folder on your local hard disk e Start the installation by running Setup 4 All Users bat in the instal lation package to allow all users on the PC to run the WinOSPM if you just run Setup exe the software can only be used by the cur rent user e Accept the suggested installation path C Apps WinOSPM e The first time you start WinOSPM you will be asked for Country set tings Choose Denmark and press OK Adding a new country is a tricky procedure and should not be done until later when you have gained some experience with WinOSPM e If you have previously entered a valid license key on this PC this key will remain valid otherwise you have to enter your license key e WinOSPM is using a version of Windows Help which is not in stalled from the beginning on newer Windows systems However it can be installed manually The first time you try to use Help in WinOSPM e g by pressing the key F1 you will be guided and can download and
64. fstrem P Olesen H R 2013 Vejledning i luftkvalitetsvurdering af motorveje Aarhus Universitet DCE Nationalt Center for Miljo og Energi Vejdirektoratet rapport 455 2013 http www vejdirektoratet dk DA viden og data publikationer Lists P ublikationer Attachments 831 Luftkvalitetsvurdering rap455 pdf Jensen S S Im U Ketzel M L fstr m P Brandt J 2015 Mapping of air quality along motorways and other main roads in Denmark in Danish with English summary Aarhus University Scientific Report from DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy No 154 http dce2 au dk pub SR154 pdf Olesen H R Berkowicz R B L fstr m P 2007 OML Review of model formulation National Environmental Research Institute Denmark 130pp NERI Technical Report No 609 http www dmu dk Pub FR609 Wang F Ketzel M Ellermann T W hlin P Jensen S S Fang D and Massling A 2010 Particle number particle mass and NO emission factors at a highway and an urban street in Copenhagen Atmos Chem Phys 10 2745 2764 45 46 7 Appendix This appendix contains the following sections e Conventions e Guide to file extensions e Description of input files o Road network shapefile RNS art ARea Target det Diurnal Emission Variation arb ARea Background deb Diurnal Emissions Background dat regional background concentrations met meteorological input txt meteorological
65. g it once more 29 30 5 5 2 Generating a grid for background road sources When filling in the menu Background Grid Emissions Step 1 you are required to have a shapefile with a grid for background road sources You can gener ate such a file by using the SELMACP tool bar Choose Domain gt Terrain Cre ate and you will be presented with the dialog box shown in Figure 5 11 Create Terrain Grid Rectangle Center Lower left edge Upper right edge X m X m 0 0 Y m Y m 0 0 Mesh Size 1000 MeshsXX 0 Grid Shape Grid Shape Polygon Close Figure 5 11 Dialog box for creating terrain grid Mesh size is filled in with 1000 m It is possible to define a grid shapefile by selecting a rectangle on the map displayed in ArcMap or by defining the centre of the grid and give the height and width extent In any case the mesh size has to be defined Here we outline the approach with creation of a grid rectangle Further explana tion can be found in the SELMAGS help text topic Terrain Grid The help text can be accessed through the SELMACP dropdown menu on the SELMACS toolbar In the dialog specify a Mesh size e g 1 000 m Press the X Y button marked with a red rectangle in Figure 5 11 You should then see the tiny toolbar shown in Figure 5 12 which allows you to draw and move a grid Ko SIn GS Selma GIS OML Highway
66. ghway AL DD DLD HSTAR SZI SZLID SZMIX DE UST WST ZI ZLD ZMIX zo Td Cid Rad 1000 1000 1000 1000 not not m Deg Deg m2 s3 s2 s2 s2 K m s m s m m m m used used W m2 689 84 13 1 0 177 9 9999 9 9999 0 1 274 8 0 35 0 356 1 1 255 0 050 273 0 46 0 2 845 71 14 i 0 143 9 9999 9 9999 0 1 274 6 0 349 0 333 1 1 258 0 050 272 9 0 49 0 2 722 15 15 1 0 161 9 9999 9 9999 0 1 274 5 0 344 0 345 1 1 255 0 050 272 9 0 5 0 2 617 96 16 1 0 169 9 9999 9 9999 0 1 274 5 0 332 0 317 1 1 189 0 050 272 9 0 5 0 1 657 67 17 0 0 159 9 9999 9 9999 0 1 274 4 0 332 0 345 1 1 257 0 050 212 9 0 5 0 2 651 49 17 1 0 161 9 9999 9 9999 0 1 274 4 0 333 0 314 1 1 191 0 050 273 2 0 49 0 2 Figure 7 7 The first lines of the sample file Meteorology met with preprocessed meteorological input for OML Highway in the met format Slightly reformatted for readability The text in red is ignored by the program comments for guidance The contents of the file is further specified below 55 56 Values in a met file are read using free format i e they should be separated by at least one blank but it is unimportant whether they are in certain col umns The file has a 10 line header Figure 7 7 is useful as illustration The text in dark red is ignored by the program but explains the parameters The para meters in the header are e Line 1 Gis format This keyword is mandatory for met input files to be use
67. has to be taken into account namely regional back ground concentrations This concentration contribution is the result of emis sions from other sources than those explicitly specified typically from sources outside the domain considered Some air pollutants such as CO are simply additive in the sense that to tal concentration can be found by adding background values and local con centration contributions However for others in particular NO NO and ozone there is an interaction involving chemical reactions so their level can only be correctly determined if background concentrations are taken into ac count Therefore the user should by some means acquire hourly data for the back ground concentration of a number of air pollution components and provide them as input for OML Highway For instance there may be available ob servational data available from a rural monitoring station or from a regional air quality model The structure of the file with background concentration data a dat file is described in the appendix section 7 3 6 The pollutants in the file are NOx NO Os CO CO PM PMio and particle number If e g CO is not of interest the values can be indicated as a negative number meaning that data are missing As mentioned above you should make ef forts to have reasonable values for NO NO and ozone as chemical reactions will otherwise not be taken correctly into account Details on treatment of missing
68. he SELMAS Digitizing menu but it will often be more efficient to edit the attribute table manually Rec Date hrL hrs 2008010 20080101 20080101 2008010 20080101 20080101 2008010 20080101 2008010 20080101 10 20080101 11 20080101 12 20080101 13 20080101 14 AO C0 1 C C e C PN i 13 NOx 3 18E 00 2 02E 00 1 07E 00 1 20E 00 2 32E 00 2 52E 00 5 12E 00 7 9 9 8 8 8 1 65E 00 76E 00 39E 00 94E 00 28E 00 73E 00 D1E 01 13 NO2 CD CS C0 0 OY 4S NN KE ij if CO 04E 00 95E 00 03E 00 15E 00 20E 00 39E 00 71E 00 99E 00 DODE 00 24E 00 35E 00 89E 00 36E 00 54E 00 Figure 7 10 displays an excerpt of the first lines of a file with a time series of concentrations for selected receptors In example shown receptor no 13 and 14 have been selected There may be more receptors included but the ex cerpt only shows the parameters for receptor 13 and two of nine parame ters for receptor 14 The file has a two line header The first line indicates receptor number and the second further identifies the columns beneath There is one record for each hour in the calculation period The information in each record is date hour in local time hour in summer time daylight sav ing time and next concentration for 9 substances for each receptor Missing values are indicated as 999 You must use your own tools to process the information given in an out
69. hway Section 5 4 you will be asked for an OSPM Vehicle List file vlf and an OSPM fuel list file l These files are used for calculation of emission factors A Vehicle List File basically contains pointers to other files which contain the actual data used for calculations of emission factors A Fuel List File contains similar pointers as well as expressions for a fuel composition correction used for calculation of the emission factors Thus in order to calculate emission factors numerous additional files are used which the above mentioned files refer to Working samples of such files are supplied with a standard installation Emissions are based on the COPERT IV methodology reflecting vehicle clas ses engine size and weight classes fuel types emission dependence on trav el speed and other parameters In principle a user may manually modify the vehicle fuel and emission files to reflect local conditions but this is a very complex procedure and requires an in depth understanding of the file struc ture 2 6 Emission calculations for background roads The treatment of background roads in OML Highway is less elaborate than the treatment of target roads The user has to provide information on the share of various vehicle types passenger cars vans trucks and buses on each road segment via attributes in the road network shape file Later in the data processing the emission from background roads is averaged to yield a field
70. ibes the procedure and requirements for installation A central part of this user guide is the chapter Working through the menus which gives a detailed description of the various menus and their application A detailed description of the various files handled in a OML Highway project is provided in Appendix to the report 1 Introduction OML Highway is a user friendly GIS based model for assessment of air quality along motorways and other main roads in open terrain It is based on the OML model Olesen et al 2007 which is designed for air quality as sessment based on point and area sources In the OML Highway model road sources are represented as area sources The parameterisation for the initial dispersion is based on the formulation in the Operational Street Pollu tion Model OSPM Berkowicz R 2000 but is slightly modified in order to better represent the conditions at highways In OML Highway traffic pro duced turbulence TPT is depending on traffic intensity type of vehicles light and heavy duty vehicles and travel speed This is similar to the OSPM model but in OML Highway the TPT decays in an exponential manner with distance from the road OML Highway has been successfully evaluated against measured datasets from Denmark Jensen et al 2004 Wang et al 2010 and Norway for the pollutant of NO nitrogen oxides the sum of NO and NO and it has also been compared to other similar models Berger et al 2010 A
71. in EEEN Project name MyTest sel Cose j Emissions Select Target Roads Road Sources Road Background Other Background C Receptors Background Concentration Meteorology Run OML Highway Sources art Diurnal Emissions det Create Target Roads Figure 5 4 Appearance of OML Highway Navigator for a new empty project The various check boxes on the left will be filled as the project is defined Use the labels within the red box in order to navigate through tasks Press the highlighted button Create Target Roads to get started with the first task The mode of operation of OML Highway Navigator requires a bit of expla nation The user can perform various tasks related to data preparation by clicking the labels Road Sources etc in the left panel These labels are used for nav igating between the tasks A click on a label changes the content of the panel on the right Next to each label is a box meant to display a tick mark when the task is finished you cannot place a tick mark by clicking in the box At many stages in the process the right hand panel will allow you to fill in certain file names Typically these requested files do not exist at first and therefore you cannot initially fill in the boxes meant for file names However the right panel contains a button like the button Create Target Roa
72. input to be preprocessed output files with statistics o out time series of calculated concentrations e Configuration file SelmaGIS ini e Description of sample data e Definition of day case 0 00000006 Note that section 7 2 Guide to file extensions is very useful as a reference 7 1 Conventions Time format values 1 24 indicate the end of the hour for which averages are given In data files in text format OML Highway uses as decimal separator a period This should also be the system setting when working with OML Highway SELMAGS versions distributed prior to November 15 2014 produce files where the variable IDTRAFCCAT is named IDDIURNAL this is a setting in the configuration file SelmaGIS ini In the description given in the present user guide we assume that SELMAG S has been installed in folder C Apps VSELMAGIS and WinOSPM in folder C Apps WinOSPM 7 2 Guide to file extensions Table 7 1 Guide to file extensions continued on next page Extension Mnemonic Explanation Produced by arb Area Road Background aro ARea Other art ARea Target dat deb Diurnal Emissions Background det Diurnal Emission variation for Tar get roads emi fif Fuel List File H19HrM H26D8hr H36DayM H8DayM ini log Max1 hr Max8hr Text file with gridded information on emission from background roads SELMAGIS Does not include information on variation with time See Appendix section 7 3 4 for a des
73. is shown on the right in the figure Lines are drawn perpendicular to the road between points 20 m and 2 020 m from the road on each side due to the scale in the figure no gaps at the road are visible The distance between the lines is 1000 m an offset of 500 m has been specified but this is unimportant it just moves the entire set of lines 500 m along the road compared to 0 Along Roads Background Import OM Points Select Road Shape sho rish ighways Zealand Luft_test_Zeal_exp 0 Exi ID Destance e Add E Remove 2 2020 Remove Al Save Ponts Load Points Perpendauar Distance m 1000 Offset for Perpendicular Distances rm 00 Defauit Parameters Default Terrain Height fm 0 Default Receptor Height m 2 Create Receptor Shape File Create New Points Create Une Append Receptors ets OM AQDanishhighnays Zealand Lines2 sho PAR Create Lines Global Parameters Largest Terrain Indination 0 Global Roughness Value m 1 Use values defines v Create OM Receptor File rct ghways Zealand ReceptorPonts Zesisnd2 rct PA E p di Pd P SA Convert To ret Figure 5 18 Using the menu for receptors to create lines perpendicular to target roads These lines are used in a subsequent process where polygons are created with ArcMap tools Next you can use the ArcMap tool Multiple Ring Buffer tool located under Analysis Tools Proximity to create buffers around the target roads You can
74. ission factors weighted annual average 1 QPM10 0 281721667 0 140271126 0 099816358 QPnumber 0 218923866 0 079069304 0 073107681 Figure 7 5 Sample of deb file The sample shown is the one provided with an OML Highway installation 7 3 6 Files of type dat regional background concentrations Data for hourly values of regional background concentrations should be provided in a text file with extension dat Such data may have been ac quired by monitoring or modelling Values are required for the following compounds NOx NO O3 CO CO PM25 PMio and particle number Missing values are indicated by negative numbers In the file the order and number of parameters is fixed but you may for instance disregard a component by indicating missing values for all hours 53 54 Missing values negative numbers are handled in the following way e If the first line in the file contains missing values for a component values for all subsequent hours for that component are assumed to be missing e If there are missing data later in the file the model fills the missing data with the values from the previous valid hour For longer peri ods of missing data days weeks this might appear inappropriate and the user should take care to remove these results in the output If one of the components NO NO and ozone is missing all three components are replaced with the previous complete valid set of these components
75. kground Grid Emissions Step 1 In this step an MS Access database file mdb is created referring to a grid of background emissions The database is populated with the information on the kilometres travelled within every grid cell Background Grid Emissions Step1 E C Step 1 Summerize km Select Road Network and Background Shape File travelled on grid Road Network File shp C Step 2 Calculate Road Jser MyTest RoadNetwork RoadNetwork shp Ex background emissions on grid Grid for Road Background Sources shp AMyTesthRoadNetworkMyB ackgroundGrid shp 23 Create Grid with Domain T errainGrid Create km travelled on Grid KM travelled on Grid File mdb ser MyT est RoadN co Wok vee 2 Current Road Network Shape RoadNetwork shp p m Status 0 Figure 5 10 Background Grid Emissions Step 1 where an mdb database file is creat ed Initially all three fields in the right panel are empty You must select 1 an existing Road network shapefile and 2 an existing shapefile defining a grid Furthermore indicate the name and location of an mdb file to be created right panel bottom It is mandatory to use the button marked with a red circle when you specify this file The caption of Figure 5 10 explains the essentials about filling in the two re quired fields A few more details follow here It is required that you have a Road Network shapefile which corresponds
76. ls in an emission grid and the colour coding depicts the background emission level in each cell The purpose of this aggregation is to reduce the number of individual sources and herewith the calculation times to a reasonable amount Concentrations are calculated in receptor points the location of which can be specified by the model user Several tools are available for generating data sets with receptor points An often used tool within the software allows the user to generate receptor points along target roads at various distances from the road as indicated in Figure 2 1 2 3 Road source geometry A road can be represented as a single line or double digitized i e as two parallel lines which represent the two traffic directions separately During the process of preparing data for use in OML Highway a road is au tomatically divided into multiple segments where each segment is approx imated by a rectangle This rectangle is a so called area source which emits pollution uniformly over its area Such rectangles may be rotated at any angle with respect to North as illustrated in Figure 2 2 Road centre line for single digitised road Side 1 Road source Figure 2 2 An area source road segment in OML Highway It is characterised by the coordinates of the most westerly corner and the lengths of two sides The convention for numbering the sides is as follows From the corner go along the circumference of the rectangle in
77. mn Target Background indicates whether the parameter is relevant for Target roads Background roads or both Fieldname Data description Target Background Format Shape Polyline Both Geometry RoadID Unique number Both Integer Roadtype ID for road type used for background roads to characterise their traffic Background Integer conditions Five types are used 2111 2112 see section 2 6 DoubleD Double digitized 2 otherwise 1 For double digitized roads there are Target Integer two close approximately parallel road segments each of which carries traffic in one direction In chapter 2 on concepts this is further explained AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic number Both Float Double FPass Fraction of passenger cars Number between 0 and 1 The sum Background Float Double FPass FVans FTrucks FBus should be 1 FVans Fraction of vans Number between 0 and 1 The sum Background Float Double FPass FVans FTrucks FBus should be 1 FTrucks Fraction of trucks Number between 0 and 1 The sum Background Float Double FPass FVans FTrucks FBus should be 1 FBus Fraction of buses Number between 0 and 1 The sum Background Float Double FPass FVans FTrucks FBus should be 1 FHeavyDuty Fraction in percent of heavy duty vehicles sum of trucks and buses but Target Float Double in percent OSPMType Id for traffic type used for target roads to characterise their traffic condi Target Text tions An example is Type A trf which is a standa
78. ng receptor points The tab Along roads is selected and partly filled in To the right the result is illustrated Receptor points are distributed along target roads They are situated in perpendiculars series perpendicular to the road with a dis tance of 400 meters perpendicular distance and extending to a distance of 150 meters from the road The Offset for perpendicular distances can be set to 0 unless you wish to move the set of receptors a certain distance along the road There are four tabs corresponding to four methods to create or import re ceptor points 5 7 1 Receptors along roads An often used tool allows the user to generate receptor points along target roads at various distances from the road Figure 5 16 shows the tab corre sponding to this tool The top part of the menu is filled in allowing receptor points to be created First a road shapefile is specified Next perpendiculars with series of re ceptor points are defined as illustrated in Figure 5 16 The parameter of default terrain height is mandatory although it only mat ters if you are particularly concerned about high bridges elevated points In all other cases the emission will follow the local orography The receptor height is the height above the ground where concentrations are considered Often a height of 1 5 m or 2 m is used The user must specify the name of a shapefile to contain the generated re ceptor points This is done by pressing
79. of emissions for a grid of cells where each cell has a typical size of 1 km by 1 km The user must assign a Road type to each road segment where five differ ent classes are possible The classes and their code number are shown in Ta ble 2 3 When using Selma to generate emission data for OML Highway averaging within each cell is undertaken for each road type separately E g within each cell an average speed is calculated for roads of type 2111 anoth er average speed for roads of type 2112 etc For background roads only one profile for the diurnal variation of emission is used while for target roads there is a profile for each Traffic Composition Category The profile for background roads is embedded in a so called deb file see section 5 5 3 and a description of the file in the Appendix section 7 3 5 It is mandatory to use the code numbers indicated in Table 2 3 that origi nates from a Danish classification of roads in the TOP10DK road network The background for classification into road types is discussed in a report by Jensen et al 2008 As implemented in OML Highway this classification has consequences only for the subdivision of heavy duty traffic into three subtypes of heavy duty traffic trucks lighter than 32 t trucks heavier than 32 t and buses and for the cold start share Other required information is provided explicitly by the user in a road network shapefile 15 In OML Highway the classification is implem
80. ombine them by checking the option Append Recep tors for the second and later files when you create a combined shapefile Finally you can convert this shapefile to an OML receptor file 5 7 5 Creating buffer zones for presentation purposes Above basic information concerning creation of receptor points is given By applying ArcMap tools there are various ways to present model results The left part of Figure 5 17 shows how symbols in receptor points can be colour coded to visualise concentrations If you want a smoother visualization like the one on the right with buffer zones you can make use of the option Cre ate line in the receptor point menu and subsequently apply various ArcMap tools This involves an alternative way of creating receptor points The procedure is explained in the following it may appear complicated so you may choose to read it only when you need it Figure 5 17 Visualisation of OML Highway results concentrations On the left symbols in receptor points are colour coded On the right a procedure with creation of buffer zones has been used Here a receptor has been placed in the middle of each buffer zone see text In Figure 5 18 left the menu for receptors along roads has been filled in with values of 20 m and 2 020 m for perpendiculars and the Create line option has been checked This implies that the button Create Receptors has been replaced by a button named Create Lines The result of using it
81. program to run for licensing reasons e Be sure that ArcMap is not running and you have administrator rights on the operating system e Install the Rainbow Software from the SELMASS CD Rain bow Sentinel Protection Installer 7 6 5 exe or download current ver sion from http www safenet inc com support downloads sentinel drivers for your operating system e Put the dongle in an USB Port e Execute the setup exe from the SELMAGSS installation CD or instal lation package and follow the instructions You will encounter a li cense agreement partly in German Scroll down to see the English text and accept the terms e You will be asked for a Destination Folder for the installation and a suggestion of C Lohmeyer SELMAGIS We suggest to change the destination folder to CX Apps SELMAGIS e After installation open the SELMASP licence manager just labelled Licencemanager under the Taskbar from Windows and check if the SELMAS Basic Module and OML Highway are available Otherwise you must use the Register button When opening ArcMap a SELMAGCS toolbar should be visible shown in Figure 5 1 If it is not visible you should select the menu Customize gt Ex tensions and check that SELMASS is available Next right click in the toolbar area and ensure that the SELMASS toolbar is selected Folder with sample files The OML Highway software is accompanied by a set of sample files You may receive the folder with sample
82. rd OSPM diurnal type This is discussed in chapter 2 on concepts Roadwidth Width of carriageway of road segment m if double digitized only one Target Float Double direction SpeedLight Speed of light traffic in km h This speed is a scaling speed which implic Both Integer itly defines the speed of heavy traffic The speed for an actual hour may be different and is computed based on information in trf files DamH Height of dam positive or cutting negative in relation to ground m Target Float Double WallH Height of noise wall m Target Float Double EmbankH Height of embankment m Target Float Double TFlag Flag 1 for target roads 2 for background roads records with other Both Integer values are ignored NDistance Distance from road centre line to noise wall embankment m Target Integer NSide Location of noise barrier in relation to the road follows the convention of Target Integer OSPM either 1 or 2 created by SELMA S IDTRAFCCAT ld for traffic composition categories created by SELMA Note that Target Integer SELMAPS versions distributed prior to November 15 2014 produce files where the variable IDTRAFCCAT is named IDDIURNAL 49 TargetRoadsOnly de FrRucks reus DAMMSGIT walii emman TF 0 Polyline Vej over 6 m Stenl sevej 0 0 0 1 Polyline Motorvej Fynske Motorvej z 6841 as 04 045 0 0 0 0 2 Polyine Vejover amp m Svendborgvej 1 8498 0 78 0 12 0 0
83. roduced This section provides technical information on the files with statics The sta tistics can be visualized by using the button View results as explained in section 5 10 The seven statistics files have a common first name but bear different exten sions to identify their content The extensions are listed in Table 7 10 The statistics make most sense if you produce them for a one year period they refer to various EU air quality limit values Table 7 10 Overview of output files with statistics from OML Highway Extension Explanation of parameter Mean Averages ug m Maxthr Maxima of hourly values ug m Max8hr Maxima of 8 hour running mean conc ug m H26D8hr The 26th highest diurnal maximum of 8 hour running mean conc ug m H19HrM The 19th highest one hour mean conc ug m H8DayM The 8th highest 24 hour mean conc ug m H36DayM The 36th highest 24 hour mean conc ug m Figure 7 9 shows a sample output file with extension mean It has a one line header followed by a line for each receptor The information in each record is coordinates followed by mean concentration values for 9 substanc es The substance names are self explanatory except possibly for PMExh PM exhaust and Pnumb particle number concentration Missing values are indicated by 999 The structure for files with other extensions is the same as the example shown NO2 03 co co2 PMExh PM2 5 PM10 Pnumb 1 751E 01 3 986E 01 2
84. rppinen A 2010 Evaluation and inter comparison of open road line source models currently in use in the Nordic countries Boreal Env Res 15 Berkowicz R 2000 OSPM A parameterised street pollution model Envi ronmental Monitoring and Assessment 65 1 2 323 331 Berkowicz R Olesen H R Jensen S S 2003 User s Guide to WinOSPM OSPM User s Guide Comes with an installation of WinOSPM and can be opened from the Help menu in WinOSPM Jensen S S L fstr m P Berkowicz R Olesen H R Frydendall J Fu glsang K and Hummelshgj P 2004 Air Quality Along Motorways Meas urement Campaign and Model Calculations National Environmental Re search Institute NERI Technical Report No 522 In Danish with English summary Jensen S S Hvidberg M Petersen J Storm L Stausgaard L Becker T Hertel O 2008 GIS baseret national vej og trafikdatabase 1960 2005 Dan marks Milj unders gelser Aarhus Universitet 74 s Faglig rapport fra DMU mr 678 http www dmu dk FR678 pdf Jensen S S Becker T Ketzel M L fstr m P Olesen H R and Lorentz H 2010 OML Highway within the framework of SELMACS Final Report National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University Denmark 26 pp NERI Technical Report No 771 http www dmu dk Pub FR771 pdf Jensen S S Ketzel M Becker T L fstr m P Olesen H R Lorentz H N hr Michelsen L Fryd J 2010 OML Highway en n
85. rs it is not permitted to have missing values but for some a missing value can be flagged as specified below The list below provides further explanation of certain variables e HSTAR The buoyancy heat flux HSTAR can be calculated from sen sible heat flux at the surface HF by the equation HSTAR HF g T cp where g is the gravitational acceleration T the surface temperature in Kelvin o the density of air and cp the specific heat capacity of dry air at constant pressure This amounts to approximately HSTAR m s HF W m 2 76 105 m4 Je2 however with temperature dependence In the OML input file the unit 0 001 m s is used for HSTAR im plying that e g a sensible heat flux of 100 W m is indicated as ap proximately the value 2 76 in the OML input file e Boundary layer height OML uses a height of the convective bound ary layer ZI and an operational mixing height ZMIX which may be the same value OML requires information about the lapse rate the stability parameter in the layer above these two heights Fur thermore the OML meteorological preprocessor uses the concept of a sustained lid which may be present and limit mixing If you prepare your data by other means than the OML pre processor you can flag the parameters relating to a sustained lid SZLID and ZLD as missing A missing value of ZI or ZLD is indi cated as 1 Missing values of ZMIX are not permitted e Stability parameter SZI
86. ructure of the deb file Diurnal Emissions Background Fieldname Data description ID Id of the traffic composition category for background roads For background roads only a value of 1 is currently used in the calculations a value of 2 appears in the sample file but is not used Weekday Number for the day of the week Monday 1 Mth Number of the month January 1 Day Case 8 day cases are defined e g Fridays in July Defined in the Appendix Section 7 6 Hr Hour of the day 1 24 QNOx Relative diurnal emission factors daily average 1 fractionNO2 Relative diurnal emission factors daily average 1 QCO Relative diurnal emission factors daily average 1 QCO2 Relative diurnal emission factors daily average 1 QPM2 5 Relative diurnal emission factors daily average 1 QPM10 Relative diurnal emission factors daily average 1 QPnumber Relative diurnal emission factors daily average 1 Number and order of parameters components are fixed Line no 1 6 are not read Missing emission values are negative Free format Week Day ID day mth Case hr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 QNOx 0 323610566 0 155462317 0 111933197 fractionNO2 1 007191327 0 973331139 0 986848682 goco 0 277125491 0 149319823 0 10184535 Qco2 0 172092086 0 070689544 0 056047969 QPMExh 0 279445178 0 129831099 0 093740642 QPM2 5 0 279963294 0 134991585 0 096432242 Numbers are relative diurnal em
87. ssions than road sources into account If you don t want this you should make sure to deselect the check mark on top Select Other Background Emissions 5 7 Receptors Concentrations are calculated in receptor points the location of which can be specified by the model user OML Highway Navigator offers to assist with preparation of files concerning receptor points You can access these tools from OML Highway Navigator by selecting the label Receptors and clicking the button Create Receptor File As an alternative you can use the SELMAG toolbar and select Domain gt Receptors OML This leads to the window shown in Figure 5 16 33 34 Receptor Points t Along Roads Background Import OML Points Select Road Shape shp er MyTest RoadNetwork TargetRoadsOnly shp El Perpendicular Distance m 400 Offset for Perpendicular Distances m 0 Default Parameters Default Terrain Height m 9 Default Receptor Height m 2 Create Receptor Shape File Create New Points Create Line Append Receptors badNetworklReceptorPointsInPerpendiculars shp a Create Receptorpoints Global Parameters Largest Terrain Inclination Global Roughness Value m Create OML Receptor File rct S Convert To rct Status 0 Figure 5 16 Tools for creati
88. tains three subfolders RoadNetwork VariousOML files and ExampleRun 001 The first two represent a sample of the data necessary to get a project started RoadNetwork Shape and a few OML Highway text files as Background Meteorology deb file while the third contains all files generated during an OML Highway based on the sample data The ArcMap project file for the sample project is TestData RoadNetwork RoadNetWork_And_TargetRoads mxd Below is a listing of all files in the package as of July 1 2015 the contents of the package may be subject to change Directory of folder TestData 23 06 2015 11 47 lt DIR gt 23 06 2015 11 31 lt DIR gt 23 06 2015 13 19 lt DIR gt Directory of TestData ExampleRun_001 23 06 2015 10 32 56 159 23 06 2015 10 32 71 212 23 06 2015 10 32 148 23 06 2015 10 42 4 428 23 06 2015 10 42 612 23 06 2015 10 32 56 404 23 06 2015 10 32 3 412 23 06 2015 11 47 lt DIR gt 23 06 2015 10 28 5 23 06 2015 10 28 4 642 23 06 2015 10 28 427 23 06 2015 10 28 56 676 23 06 2015 10 28 3 428 23 06 2015 10 30 5 23 06 2015 11 41 13 212 23 06 2015 10 30 864 23 06 2015 10 30 315 392 23 06 2015 10 37 4171 23 06 2015 10 36 1 112 969 23 06 2015 11 33 494 592 23 06 2015 11 35 239 616 23 06 2015 10 46 34 634 23 06 2015 10 33 1 624 23 06 2015 10 34 427 23 06 2015 10 46 23 816 23 06 2015 10 46 3 364 23 06 2015 10 46 324 23 06 2015 10 46 14 356 23 06 2015 10 46 2 692 23 06 2015 10 34 256 23 06 2015 10 49 311 826 23
89. the form met file with ready made data in the correct format or 2 provide a txt file from which a met file is generated with a meteorological preprocessor built into OML Highway It should be noted that the meteorological preprocessor is a simplistic special version of the OML meteorological preprocessor It requires only synoptic data not radiosonde data and it uses various simplifying assumptions es pecially in calculation of mixing height The first option where a user pro vides a ready made met file can potentially yield data of higher quality This section gives the specifications for the txt file used by the second op tion A sample of such a file is provided in the sample data set TestData VariousOML files Kastrup 2005 SynopticMet txt The file contains hourly meteorological data It has a 10 line header fol lowed by 8760 or 8784 records for a full year s worth of data For the period with data the time series is expected to be complete without interruptions 57 The data structure of records is shown as Table 7 9 and the first lines of the sample in Figure 7 8 More details are given after the figure Table 7 9 Data structure of records in the txt file to be converted to met Fieldname Data description DATE Date in format yyyymmdd Hr Hour in local standard time 1 24 end of averaging period Cir Indicates whether cirrus is the dominating cloud type 0 or 1 Use 1 if cirrus is dominating
90. the information for a specific road in OML Highway it is necessary also to supply the annual av erage daily traffic AADT for the road the share of heavy duty vehicles as well as an average travel speed for the road This is done through the use of the above mentioned Traffic Composition Categories Table 2 2 Main characteristics of the 8 OSPM traffic types used in Denmark A road can be assigned an OSPM traffic type This implies that the traffic composition varies with time in a manner described in detail in the corresponding trf file In OML Highway the distribution between vehicle types is not used directly but scaled with the user provided share of heavy duty vehi cles Users outside of Denmark may create trf files reflecting the diurnal variation of local traffic OSPM traffic Description Passenger Vans Trucks Trucks Buses type cars lt 32t 2321 A Transit roads in medium size or 80 1 12 0 4 7 1 1 2 1 smaller cities B Transit roads in larger cities 81 9 10 8 2 8 1 4 3 1 C Distribution roads in residential 83 2 12 1 2 5 0 74 1 6 areas D Roads with a mix of residential and 81 9 11 7 3 0 1 5 2 0 business area E Main street in center of larger cities 82 7 10 3 2 2 1 4 3 4 F Access roads to larger cities 79 7 11 9 4 3 2 5 1 6 G Road in larger and medium size 82 9 12 6 2 6 0 7 1 2 cities outside center H Main street in centre of medium 83 2 12 4 2 3 0 7 1 4 size city Some technicalities on
91. the use of trf files deserve further explanation As a reader you may skip the following technical explanation and return to it lat er when you feel a need for it The structure of trf files is designed for use in WinOSPM In OML Highway the information in the trf file on vehicle composition is not used directly This is because OML Highway makes use of binning classifica tion of road segments into a limited number of Traffic Composition Cate gories instead of applying the full flexibility of WinOSPM This solution has been chosen because full flexibility would introduce a very heavy com putational load Thus when applying OML Highway some of the information in the trf files is overruled by information provided by the user and by the con straints imposed in the process of binning In a shapefile for a target road the user must specify the parameters AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic the fraction in percent of heavy duty vehicles trucks buses and the speed of light vehicles These numbers overrule the information in the trf file wher ever there are conflicts A user does not see this it happens internally dur ing the data preparation with SELM AGE An example may serve to clarify what goes on internally in that process Let us consider OSPM traffic type A in Table 2 2 where the share of light vehicles amounts to 92 176 passenger cars vans and the share of heavy duty vehicles to 7 9 two truck types plus
92. tion procedure 4 Getting started 4 1 Guide for the first time user 4 2 Sample files 5 Working through the menus 5 Basics 5 2 SELMA menu 5 3 OML Highway Navigator introduction 5 4 Emissions Road Sources 5 5 Emissions Road Background 5 6 Emissions Other Background Emissions 5 7 Receptors 5 8 Background concentrations 5 9 Meteorology 5 10 Run OML Highway 5 11 SELMA toolbar remaining items 6 References 7 Appendix 7 Conventions 7 2 Guide to file extensions 7 3 Description of input files 7 4 Configuration file SelmaGIS ini 7 5 Description of sample data 7 6 Definition of day case 10 10 1 14 15 17 17 18 20 20 20 21 2 22 23 24 28 32 33 38 39 40 42 44 46 46 47 49 61 62 65 Summary OML Highway is a user friendly GIS based model for assessment of air quality along motorways and other main roads in open terrain A common application of OML Highway is for assessment of air pollution in environmental impact assessments of new major roads or major alteration of existing roads OML Highway has been integrated into SELMACP a GIS environment developed by Lohmeyer GmbH amp Co KG Germany SELMAGS is a framework which is used for running various dispersion models including OML Highway It requires the GIS software ArcMap marketed by the company ESRI The present user guide provides a brief introduction to OML Highway and to the central concepts in the model It further descr
93. tional D K MyB ackgroundE missions arb E3 Close Current Road Network Shape RoadNetwork shp Figure 5 13 Background Grid Emissions Step 2 When you encounter this window the uppermost file name the mdb Traffic Category file will typically be filled in because it was created during Step 1 The subsequent fields must be filled in as explained below To the right of each field are two icons the leftmost is for browsing to the file while the rightmost is for inspecting the file with suitable software Similar to the procedure for target roads it is required that you have access to certain files which are typically created with OSPM tools With a default installation you can find samples as indicated in the following Two files are required e An OSPM Vehicle List file vlf With a default installation you may as an example indicate the file C Apps Winospm Lists National DKNVehiclesDK12 2013mil vlf e An OSPM Fuel List file flf With a default installation you may as an example indicate the file C Apps Winospm Lists National DK Fuels 1999 El FC PN flf There are more details on the contents of these files in the OSPM manual The outcome of Step 2 is an arb ARea Background file You must specify a name for it in the last field of the window in Figure 5 13 The arb file is a text file used by OML Highway it provides information on gridded emis sion from background roads Press the Start bu
94. tistics Subsequently you may choose View results This is the step to take if you wish to visualize the results in ArcMap In the window that appears Figure 5 23 you should specify location and name for the result files which have been produced just point to an arbitrary file among those with statistics and for a shapefile with results to be produced Then press Start A shapefile will be produced containing statistics for the various compo nents PM25 NO etc and parameters annual average 19th highest hourly value etc See the Appendix section 7 3 9 for further details Subsequently you can use ArcMap to visualize the results e g by colour coding concentrations values in the receptor points as illustrated in Figure 5 24 OML Highway Results Statistic Result Directory and Filename Statistics IMLHighwayU serXMyT est Results MyT est e Display Type 9 Points D Rect Raster Result Shape shp ser MyT est Results MyT esth esults shp s Status 0 Figure 5 23 Dialogue to process results for viewing them as a shapefile 41 42 Symbology Fields Definition Query Labels Joins amp Relates Time HTML Popup Draw quantities using color to show values Import Fields Classification Value PM2_5_MEAN v Natural Breaks Jenks SEE ten roe Si see Proportional symbols Cats Cie MENTO ONNNE Multiple Attri
95. tton and after a successful run you can close the window and confirm that you wish to add the arb file to the current project 31 32 In addition to the arb file a deb Diurnal Emissions Background file is required for OML Highway to run This is a file somewhat similar to the det file that contains information on the diurnal variation of emissions from the target roads but the deb file concerns background roads and rela tive diurnal emission factors The file contains diurnal emission profiles that are normalized to 1 for all pollutants There is no tool in SELMAGS to pro duce this file If data for the area of interest are available the user can create this file manually Otherwise the sample deb file provided with the instal lation package can be used if seen appropriate for the region Typically a precise description of the diurnal variation of emissions for background roads will be less important than the diurnal variation for target roads and therefore use of the sample file will be acceptable The sample deb file is located as VariousOML_files BackgroundDiurnalEmissions deb The arb and deb files can be inspected by pressing the rightmost icon besides the name of the file see Figure 5 14 OML Highway Navigator Project name MyTest sel 4 Emissions Select Background Roads Road Sources S ud Road Background ources arb C Other Background bm ListsyNationalDKYMyBackgroundE missions ar
96. utomatically calculate the emissions from the background roads where the emissions subsequently are aggregated within grid cells The purpose of this aggregation is to reduce the number of indi vidual sources and herewith the calculation times to a reasonable amount As further input the OML Highway model requires time series data for re gional background concentrations In addition to traffic sources emissions from other sources can also be im ported OML Highway requires processed meteorological data which can be pro vided by the OML meteorological preprocessor This preprocessor calculates turbulence parameters based on e g synoptic and upper air data A user friendly simplistic special version of the OML meteorological preprocessor has been integrated into the OML Highway model a version of the meteoro logical pre processor that only requires synoptic data Alternatively the user can provide his own meteorological data e g from a meteorological model The OML Highway includes simple photo chemistry and is able to model NO taking into account chemical transformation between NO NO and Os The model includes algorithms that enable modelling of the effects of noise barriers on the dispersion of air pollution The user has to specify the height and location of the noise barrier Several tools are implemented into the user interface of the model that makes it easy to generate receptor points e g along target roads in certain
97. version of the above mentioned OSPM for the sake of briefness the abbreviation OSPM is often used in the following even in cases where WinOSPM would be more correct OML Highway is accompanied by a limited version or optionally a full version of WinOSPM The limited version gives access to various utilities for data preparation as emission calculation and traffic editor but not to run WinOSPM OML Highway requires as input a digital GIS road network with traffic data average daily traffic travel speed and share of heavy duty vehicles Based on this data OML Highway is able to automatically generate emissions by use of the European emission model COPERT IV which is integrated into the OML Highway model Emissions include NOx NO PM exhaust PM25 PMmio CO and CO based on fuel consumption PM exhaust is particulate matter from car exhaust PM s particulate matter smaller than 2 5 micron and PM particulate matter smaller than 10 micron The digital road net work has to be divided into target roads and background roads by as signing an attribute Target roads are typically roads for which the user wants to calculate air quality along the road at specified receptor points The target roads are automatically subdivided into elongated rectangular area sources The background roads are all other roads that contribute to the background levels at the target roads The user can specify a user defined grid typically 1 x 1 km to a
98. way when we consider the first line Road type Motorway Share of cold starts 076 Share of trucks not heavier than 32 t 6076 of the heavy duty traffic Share of trucks heavier than 32 t 3076 of the heavy duty traffic Share of buses 1076 of the heavy duty traffic The sum of the three types of heavy duty traffic Truck 1 Truck 2 and Bus es should be 100 The shares of passenger cars and vans are specified elsewhere by the user namely in the road network shapefile Also the total share of heavy duty traffic trucks buses is determined by the information in the road network shape file The settings in Selmagis ini solely determine the distribution among the three types of heavy duty traffic 7 4 8 Size of grid for background emissions By default cells in the grid for background emissions have a size of 1 km x 1 km If you wish to change this you must not only create such a grid in the GIS environment Section 5 5 2 but also change the default value in the SelmaGIS ini file Under the heading OML Highway Settings you will find the statement BgGridSize 1000 which indicates the size of grid cells in meter 7 5 Description of sample data The OML Highway software is accompanied by a set of sample files You may receive the folder with sample files separately not being part of the in stallation In that case you should put it in a folder of your choice which we will here refer to as the folder TestData TestData con
99. y brugervenlig GIS baseret luftkvalitetsmodel for veje i bent terr n In Trafik og Veje Vol 10 2010 p 34 36 Jensen S S Ketzel M Becker T Hertel O L fstr m P Olesen H R 2011 Air Quality Assessment of Alternatives for a New Crossing of the Inlet of Limfjorden EIA National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus Uni versity 86 p Report No 824 http www dmu dk Pub FR824 pdf In Danish Jensen S S Ketzel M Hertel O Becker T 2011 Luftkvalitetsvurdering for rute 26 Viborg Aarhus VVM redeg relse Aarhus University DCE Dan ish Centre for Environment and Energy 72 pp Scientific Report from DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy No 12 http dce2 au dk pub SR12 pdf Jensen S S Ketzel M Becker T L fstr m P Olesen H R 2011 Luftkva litetsvurdering for udvidelse af motorvej syd om Odense VVM redeg relse Danmarks Miljeundersegelser Aarhus Universitet 2011 56 s Faglig rap port fra DMU Nr 825 Jensen S S Ketzel M Becker T L fstr m P Hertel O Olesen H R Lo rentz H 2012 OML Highway A GIS based road source model for air qual ity assessment applications in EIA Proceedings of Abstracts 8th Interna tional Conference on Air Quality Science and Application red Vikas Singh Heather Price John Bartzis Ranjeet S Sokhi University of Hertford shire Press 2012 s 81 Jensen S S Ketzel M Hertel O Becker T Le

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