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Labour Force Survey User Guide - Office for National Statistics

1. 23 WORKING AGE 5 21001 neris rss 23 CREATING NEW HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY LEVEL VARIABLES 2 23 TIPS ON PRODUCING HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY 2 2 2 renean 24 SOME POINTS TO WARY ABOUT sssssecececccessescececeeeceauesseceeseauessceeeeeseauesseceeeeeseaueaseceeseaseaueaseceeeesseauensseesseanensnees 28 SECTION 9 PUBLICATION OF LFS HOUSEHOLD 2 30 REGULAR PUBLICATION OF LFS HOUSEHOLD DATA 30 LABOUR MARKET TRENDS ARTICLES RELATING TO LFS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA 30 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data ANNEX DETAILS OF NEW HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY LEVEL VARIABLES 31 1 WEIGHT AND IDENTIFIER VARIABLES 0eecececececsessceceeeceauesseceeseaeeaeceeeceseauesseceseeeseauenseeeeeeeaeeaeseeeeeeseaueaeeeeseeusans 31 2 ADJUSTED HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY 33 3 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION BY AGE 1 11 11
2. 6 ERRORS IN MARITAL STATUS CODING 7 ADJUSTMENTS FOR MISSING HOUSEHOLD 65 7 SECTION 4 HOUSEHOLD MATRIX 4 0 1 4 1 4 9 HOUSEHOLD MATRIX APPROACH vereri vi e E E E A 9 HOUSEHOLD REFERENCE PERSON cceeeeeeeerere eene nenennn nnn hne nnne usine siis sse sese ss sss se itis e sess es se ise sess sen 9 EXTENDED FAMILIES ec ER e RR ERE EE PETERE PRESSURE nin ERR SEE Er e RE ERAI E ERE AD TEES 10 SECTION 5 WEIGHTING THE LFS SAMPLE OF 11 PROBLEMS OF USING INDIVIDUAL LEVEL WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR HOUSEHOLD LEVEL 11 CALCULATION OF COMMON HOUSEHOLD WEIGHTING FACTORS cccccsceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeueucusaueuaeauauseseaeausuauausaeeeaeeeaenea 11 RE WEIGHTING THE HOUSEHOLD 12 REGROSSING THE HOUSEHOLD DATASETS ccccccccecesseeeccceceauessececeeeceauececceeceaeeasseeceeeseaueasseeeeeeseaueaseeeeeeeseaueaseeeseeneeas 12 TREATMENT OF MISSING MEMBERS 8 13 COMPARISONS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD ESTIMATES GROSSED AT HOUSEHOLD AND IND
3. sese e sese sese ase 34 4 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION BY ECONOMIC 3 888 35 5 FAMILY UNIT VARIABLES 4 40 ANNEX B I GUIDANCE ON CREATING HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY UNIT LEVEL VARIABLES 41 ANNEX B 11 GUIDANCE ON CREATING HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY UNIT LEVEL VARIABLES 45 ANNEX ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL PROBLEMS IN DATASETS UP 1995 52 ANNEX D REVISIONS TO THE DERIVATION OF HSERIAL AND 54 ANNEX E PROCEDURE FOR ADJUSTING FOR HOUSEHOLDS WITH UNKNOWN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN ESTIMATES OF WORKLESS HOUSEHOLDS FOR SUBPOPULATIONS INDEX FOR ANNEX A DETAILS OF NEW HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY LEVEL VARIABLES February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION The Labour Force Survey LFS has traditionally been used to provide information on individuals in the labour market But since the survey gathers information about complete households data are available for households and families as well as for individuals This is important information because the ways in which people behave in relation to the labour market are influenced by their household and family circumstances and by the characteristics and behaviour of the other members of their family and household For example in a married or cohabiting couple one partner s decision to work or seek work may be influenced
4. SELECTING PARTICULAR SUBGROUPS OF HOUSEHOLDS Many analyses of economic activity need to be focussed upon the population of working age For analysis of complete households there are a number of possible ways of selecting those of working age but for general use the recommendation is to select all households which include at least one person of working age This can easily be done by selecting households with HNWKAGE gt 0 There is also particular interest in some individual categories or groups of categories of households as described by the household level economic activity These are listed below and can be identified using the variable as shown e households with no one in employment workless households HEACOMB 5 6 or 7 e households with all adults in employment work rich households HEACOMB 1 e households with someone unemployed HEACOMB 2 4 5 or 6 The table below shows the distributions of these subcategories by household type Table 8 2 Economic activity of working age households by type of household United Kingdom spring 2000 Type of household Workless With allin With someone households employment unemployed Thousands One person 986 2 438 246 Two or more people all different family units 148 317 77 Couple no children no other family units 655 2 918 167 Couple no children other family units 28 48 16 Couple all dependent children no other family units 283 3 035 32
5. February 2003 53 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data ANNEX D REVISIONS TO THE DERIVATION OF HSERIAL AND FUSERIAL HSERIAL and FUSERIAL are identifier variables specific to the household datasets Their purpose is to uniquely identify households and family units respectively They are used to produce the household datasets and to create household and family level variables From autumn 2000 the derivation of HSERIAL and FUSERIAL has been revised During the regrossing of the household datasets a problem was identified with HSERIAL and FUSERIAL which revealed that a small proportion of households and family units were not being uniquely identified This allowed some households families to be assigned the same HSERIAL and FUSERIAL numbers To correct the problem the combination of system variables that were previously used to create HSERIAL and FUSERIAL has been changed see Annex A for the derivation of the variables This prevents the circumstances occurring that causes duplication of HSERIAL This problem was corrected on the autumn 1996 to spring 2000 datasets within the scope of the regrossing project A digit 9 was added to the end of the serial numbers for all members of one of the duplicate households 54 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data ANNEX E PROCEDURE FOR ADJUSTING FOR HOUSEHOLDS WITH UNKNOWN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN ESTIMATES
6. Filter lt rtn gt Side text base Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 1 defined Element 2 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethwh Enter value or range for hnethwh gt 0 And hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl 0 And hnethot Enter value or range for hnethbl 0 And lt rtn gt Side text only white Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 2 defined Element 3 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethwh Enter value or range for hnethwh 0 And hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl gt 0 And hnethot Enter value or range for hnethbl 0 And lt rtn gt Side text only black Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 3 defined Element 4 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethwh Enter value or range for hnethwh 0 And hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl 0 And hnethot Enter value or range for hnethbl gt 0 And lt rtn gt Side text only other Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 4 defined Element 5 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethwh Enter value or range for hnethwh gt 0 And hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl gt 0 And hnethot Enter value or range for hnethbl 0 And lt rtn gt Side text white black Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 5 defined Element 6 enter element type r
7. Other Total no of children in workless families 2 183 Total of couple and lone parents columns in table 4c above Sample size too small for reliable estimate 5 Number of workless households by duration e This is produced from the household datasets e analysis below uses the standard definition of a workless household that is households with at least one person of working age with no one in employment e Create a variable at the household level for the number of people the household who have left their last job in a specified time period Select filter on the appropriate categories of WNLEFT February 2003 27 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data together with na and dna categories This will need to be a numeric variable for Quanvert analyses created using the inc command which produces Os and 1s e Produce a table by selecting filtering on the required categories of the numeric variable HNWKAGE gt 0 and HNEMP 0 e Optional this analysis could also be done by excluding those households where all those of working age in the household are full time students table Table 5 Workless households by duration Select filter on HNFTSTUD 0 when running the Number of working age households that have been workless for 3 years or more Spring March 1994 to May 1994 Level hhold Weighted Filter HHDURUN 0 0 an
8. Lone parent all non dependent children no other 51 197 39 264 5 42 95 698 140 151 1 0781 family units 17 Lone parent other family units 18 20 17 14 x 42 A 5 21 107 27 32 1 1892 2 or more family units and others 21 25 42 60 90 15 230 14 17 1 2248 Total all household types 950 10 535 502 3 943 166 365 257 2 389 19 108 3 011 3 133 1 0404 General adjustment factor for each household economic 1 0429 1 0764 1 0805 1 1287 1 0113 1 0928 1 0393 activity category Workless households with one adult 1 650 1 650 1 0000 Workless households with more than one adult 1 361 1 483 1 0895 Sample size too small for reliable estimate Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data General method The Labour Force Survey User Guide household and family data Volume 8 1999 described a general adjustment method for adjusting subgroups of workless households defined by characteristics which are not closely associated with household type or number of adults It was found that the unknown household economic activity rate varied across regions and therefore the application of the general method would not be suitable for producing regional estimates As this problem might extend to other subgroups the general method should not be used to adjust subgroups of workless households Figures should be presented as unadjusted and percentages based on totals excluding those households with unknown economic activity For e
9. women between 16 59 A workless household is a household with at least one person of working age where no one is in employment 3 The household type variable used for spring 1990 is THHADJ for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 and HHTYPE for spring 1996 onwards 4 Adjustment factors for Autumn 1998 to Autumn 2001 are based on re grossed data Table A E2 2 Adjustment of estimates of working age people in workless households UK spring 1990 spring 1992 to spring 2002 autumn 1995 to autumn 2002 cont d from previous page Codes of grouped household type categories Adjustment factors spr 1990 spr 1992 to spr 1996 spr aut spr aut aut 1995 onwards 2001 2001 2002 2002 Household type 1 person 1 1 1 0003 1 0001 1 0002 1 0003 2 or more persons all different family units 2 2 1 6482 1 6842 1 5795 1 8774 Couple no children no other family units 3 3 4 1 0372 1 0409 1 0463 1 0419 Couple no children other family units 4 5 1 2912 1 2494 1 3715 1 4378 Couple all dependent children no other family 5 6 7 1 0302 1 0286 1 0286 1 0318 units Couple dependent amp non dependent children 6 8 9 1 0891 1 0917 1 0803 1 0741 no other family units Couple all non dependent children no other 7 10 11 1 1139 1 1080 1 1110 1 1292 family units Couple children other family units 8 10 12 14 1 2020 1 2325 1 2349 1 2672 Lone parent all dependent children no other 11 15 1 0045 1 0024 1 0030 1 0046 family units
10. 2 439 65 February 2003 25 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data 4 Number of children in families with no one in employment e This is produced from the household datasets e This analysis looks at children in families rather than households e following example gives the economic activity of parents with dependent children e Children will be in either couple or lone parent families As there is no family level variable for economic activity the figures have to be produced from running couples and lone parents analyses separately e For Quanvert analyses only both the couple and lone parent family analyses involve producing a cross tabulation using FDPCH19 Therefore Quanvert analyses should begin by re creating FDPCH19 as an axis variable with the required categories and labels This is needed for the cross tabulations that follow which should be run at the person level in Quanvert e For children in couple families select filter on RELHFU 1 head of family unit FUTYPE 6 or 9 married or cohabiting couples with dependent children e cross tabulate FDPCH19 1 10 axis version for table produced from Quanvert by HEAHEAD by HEAWIFE i e creating a cross tabs for each category of FDPCH19 Then sum the categories of the children from each table by multiplying up i e 2 children x 2 3 children x 3 etc only for those families where neither parent is in work i e une
11. If a quarterly time series of figures is required the individual datasets alone should be used in preference to mixing figures from the two different sources Secondly the household datasets have no income information therefore for earnings analyses the individual datasets will be the only available source See below for issues relating to income earnings and the LFS household datasets Thirdly in cases where a set of analyses are to be produced some of which are at the individual level and some at the household level and where consistency between the analyses is required the household datasets should be used for all the analyses rather than the individual INCOME EARNINGS AND THE LFS HOUSEHOLD DATASETS The following points illustrate why it is not worthwhile and probably not feasible to attempt to include earnings or any other elements of income in the LFS household datasets i The income module is only asked in two waves Also it is explicitly voluntary so there is additional case non response For both these reasons there has to be an additional stage of weighting for the variables in this module Also there is substantial item non response so imputation is needed ii For the earnings variables both weighting and imputation need to be done on the basis of individual level variables including occupation industry and whether working full or part time This would imply for the weighting that either the weighting factors
12. The following specifications were defined for the grossed estimates i Distribution by sex and age to be consistent with the latest available population estimates using the following age categories 0 4 5 9 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 and over ii Distribution by region to be consistent with the latest available population estimates using the following region categories From spring 1990 to spring 1996 based on Standard Statistical Regions Tyne and Wear Northern other Yorkshire and Humberside metropolitan Yorkshire and Humberside other East Midlands East Anglia Inner London Outer London South East other South West West Midlands metropolitan West Midlands other North West metropolitan North West other Wales Strathclyde Scotland other Northern Ireland February 2003 11 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data From autumn 1996 onwards the regions used in grossing are based on Government Office Regions see Regrossing the household datasets section below Tyne and Wear Rest of North East Greater Manchester Merseyside Rest of North West South Yorkshire West Yorkshire Rest of Yorkshire and the Humber East Midlands West Midlands Metropolitan County Rest of West Midlands East of England Inner London Outer London South East South West Wales Strathclyd
13. 0 indicates no adjustment has been made FREQUENCY This is for the period spring 1992 to autumn 1995 only FUCHANGE Indicates whether the adjusted family type TFUADJ is different from the unadjusted family type TYPEFU 1 indicates the family type has been adjusted 0 indicates no adjustment has been made FREQUENCY This is for the period spring 1992 to autumn 1995 only February 2003 33 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data 3 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION BY AGE HNWKAGE Number of people in the household who are of working age Working age is between 16 and 59 years for females and 16 and 64 years for males HNPEN Number of people in the household who are of pensionable age Pension age is 60 years and over for females and 65 years and over for males HDPCH4 Number of children in the household aged 4 years or less Based on a person satisfying the criteria AGE lt 4 and CAIND 2 Child of head of household and head of family unit 3 Child of other family 4 Child of head of household but not head of family unit NOTE CAIND identifies dependent children i e aged 16 or aged 16 to 18 in full time education and never married HDC515 Number of children in the household aged between 5 and 15 years Based on a person satisfying the criteria AGE gt 5 and AGE lt 15 and CAIND 2 Child of head of household and head of family unit 3 Child of other family 4 Child of head of
14. 1 0316 units Couple dependent amp non dependent children no 6 8 9 1 1130 1 0998 1 0941 1 0828 other family units Couple children other family units 8 10 12 14 1 1874 1 1369 1 1773 1 2135 Lone parent all dependent children no other 11 15 1 0015 1 0011 1 0014 1 0024 family units Lone parent dependent amp non dependent 12 16 1 0700 1 0834 1 0793 1 0734 children no other family units Lone parent other family units 14 16 18 20 1 1142 1 0944 1 1447 1 1335 2 or more family units and others 17 20 21 25 1 2059 1 1776 1 1459 1 1674 Total all household types 1 0204 1 0185 1 0210 1 0211 Children in workless households with one adult 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 Children in workless households with more than one adult 1 0500 1 0459 1 0499 1 0507 1 Children refers to all children under 16 A workless household is a household with at least one person of working age where no one is in employment 3 The household type variable used for spring 1990 is TYPEHH THHADJ for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 and HHTYPE for spring 1996 onwards 4 Adjustment factors for Autumn 1998 to Autumn 2001 are based on re grossed data Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data INDEX FOR ANNEX A DETAILS OF NEW HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY LEVEL VARIABLES F F CHANGE eeiam eh at m enatis 33 F SERIAL 22 einen ete eaten i en ueni ein 32 H HDC515 annal Mean etia ee te E 34 iie reir tetro t
15. 617 2 6 0 4 Couple no children no other family units 6 268 26 4 6 497 27 5 1 1 Couple no children other family units 195 0 8 205 0 9 0 0 Couple all dependent children no other family units 5 184 21 8 4 959 21 0 0 9 Couple dependent and non dependent children no other family units 690 2 9 758 3 2 0 3 Couple all non dependent children no other family units 1 603 6 7 1 804 7 6 0 9 Couple children other family units 210 0 9 240 1 0 0 1 Lone parent all dependent children no other family units 1 205 5 1 1 001 4 2 0 8 Lone parent dependent and non dependent children no other family 166 0 7 136 0 6 0 1 units 14 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data Table 5 2 Comparison of the distribution of household types produced from using the old individual level and new household level weights United Kingdom spring 1993 and 2000 Old individual New household level weight level weight Diff Type of household Thousands Per Thousands Per pts cent Cent Lone parent all non dependent children no other family units 867 3 6 878 3 7 0 1 Lone parent other family units 152 0 6 126 0 5 0 1 Other 158 0 7 159 0 7 0 0 All household types 23 746 100 23 656 100 a Individual weight of head of household b total number of households for spring 1993 produced using the new household level weight includes a very small proportion of cases where it is not possible to assign an adjusted
16. AND IDENTIFIER VARIABLES HHWT2 Household weight used in the regrossing exercise Use this variable to weight to give number of persons FREQUENCY This is for the period autumn 1996 onwards To give the number of households select head of household using the variable RELH96 0 from autumn 1996 to autumn 2000 Note From spring 2001 use the relationship to household reference person variable RELHRP see Section 4 for more details To give the number of family units select head of family unit using the variable RELHFU 1 NEWHHWT Household weight used prior to the regrossing exercise 2000 Use this variable to weight to give number of persons To give the number of households select head of household using the variable RELTOHOH 1 for spring 1990 HHIND 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 RELHOH 1 for spring 1996 To give the number of family units select head of family unit using the variable RELHFU 1 HHIND Indicator variable for household level analysis for 1992 to 1995 not in Quanvert Takes the value 1 for the person with the lowest value of RECNO in a household and 0 otherwise FREQUENCY This is for the period spring 1992 to autumn 1995 only February 2003 31 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data HSERIAL Number that uniquely identifies a household not in Quanvert HSERIAL SERNO for spring 1990 HSERIAL QUOTA 10000000 WEEK 100000
17. OF WORKLESS HOUSEHOLDS FOR SUBPOPULATIONS Introduction As described in the main text the adjustment methodology used for producing the regularly published series on workless households in the LFS Quarterly Supplement is to divide all households according to household type combining together some small similar categories and within each household type category to allocate the unknown households or adults or children in unknown households as appropriate as workless or not in the same proportions as the households or adults or children in them with known economic activity Table A E1 below shows the calculations involved using spring 2000 as an example In accordance with previous practice workless households are defined as working age households i e households containing at least one person of working age in which no one is in employment This adjustment method operates at the aggregate level and is only used for estimating overall levels of workless households and adults and children in workless households It is not suitable for producing adjusted estimates for subgroups because it may produce estimates for different categorisations which are inconsistent when aggregated and because for smaller and or more specialised subgroups the numbers of sample households in the smaller household type categories eventually become small enough to cause volatility in the resulting estimates However there are increasing demands for adjuste
18. THISWV 10000 ADD 100 HHLD from spring 1992 to spring 2000 HSERIAL QUOTA 1000000000 WEEK 10000000 W1YR 1000000 QRTR 100000 ADD 1000 WAVFND 100 HHLD from autumn 2000 onwards see Annex D for more details FUSERIAL Number that uniquely identifies a family unit not in Quanvert FUSERIAL SERNO 100 FAMUNIT for spring 1990 FUSERIAL QUOTA 1000000000 WEEK 10000000 THISWV 1000000 ADD 10000 HHLD 100 FAMUNIT from spring 1992 to spring 2000 FUSERIAL QUOTA 100000000000 WEEK 1000000000 W1YR 100000000 QRTR 10000000 ADD 100000 WAVFND 10000 HHLD 100 FAMUNIT from autumn 2000 onwards see Annex D for more details 32 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data 2 ADJUSTED HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY TYPE THHADJ Household type after adjustments described in Section 3 This variable has the same categories as TYPEHH and should be used as the household type FREQUENCY This is for the period spring 1992 to autumn 1995 only TFUADJ Family type after adjustments described in Section 3 This variable has the same categories as TYPEFU and should be used as the family type FREQUENCY This is for the period spring 1992 to autumn 1995 only HHCHANGE Indicates whether the adjusted household type THHADJ is different from the unadjusted household type TYPEHH 1 indicates the household type has been adjusted
19. User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data E g 4 Number of children in workless families 4a Couples Autumn Sep 2000 to Nov 2000 Heahead Economic activity of head of family unit heawife Economic activity of wife of family unit Level person Weighted Filter RELHFU Head of family unit and FUTYPE Married couple with dep children or Cohab couple with dep children Inemp ILO Unemp Base loyment loyed Inactive NA DNA Thousands Three children Base 805 492 24 281 i Employed 696 456 17 216 t Unemployed 35 11 19 Inactive 55 13 T 40 t NA DNA 19 12 B Etc for remaining categories of FDPCH19 Sample size too small for reliable estimate 4b Lone parents Autumn Sep 2000 to Nov 2000 llodefa Economic activity Level person 4c Weighted Calculation of number of children in Filter RELHFU Head of family unit workless families by multiplication and FUTYPE Male lone parent with dep children or Female dep children No of Economic employ ILO unem Inactive children in Couples Lone persons ally active ment ployed family parents Thousands Thousands Base 1 624 922 806 116 689 Total 758 1 426 One 875 536 471 66 330 1 128 395 Two 525 296 258 38 225 2 248 526 Three 163 72 64 90 3 195 298 Four 49 16 13 33 4 105 146 Five d 5 50 33 Six T E 6 24 19 Seven 7 Eight 8 Nine 9 Ten
20. article on Economic Activity of Working age Households in Labour Market Trends September 1997 22 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF COUPLES It is often of interest to analyse jointly the economic activity of partners in a married or cohabiting couple To facilitate this variables have been created at family unit level for the economic activity of the head of the family unit HEAHEAD and the economic activity of the wife cohabiting partner of the head HEAWIFE To analyse these jointly it is first necessary to select one record per family unit and to select family units where there is a wife partner this can be done simultaneously by selecting RELHFU 2 Then a simple cross tabulation of HEAHEAD with HEAWIFE specifying weighting by the household weight if necessary produces the required information such as that shown in table 8 3 Table 8 3 Economic activity status of working age couples United Kingdom spring 2000 Female partner Employed Unemployed Inactive All Male partner Per cent Employed 63 7 1 5 17 0 82 2 Unemployed 1 3 0 3 1 5 3 1 Inactive 4 6 0 2 10 0 14 7 All 69 6 2 0 28 4 100 Percentages exclude couples where either one or both partner s economic activity status is unknown WORKING AGE COUPLES For some topics especially those concerned with labour market characteristics it may be more useful to confine the a
21. birth CRY with categories white born in UK white not born in UK not white born in UK not white not born in UK GET FILE hhmm98 sav KEEP RELHFU ETHNICA CRY FUSERIAL COMPUTE ETBHEAD 9 SELECT IF RELHFU EQ 1 ETHNICA EQ 0 AND CRY EQ 1 ETBHEAD 1 ETHNICA EQ 0 AND CRY GT 1 ETBHEAD 2 ETHNICA GT 0 AND CRY EQ 1 ETBHEAD 3 IF IF IF IF ETHNICA GT 0 AND CRY GT 1 ETBHEAD 4 Se ee SORT CASES BY FUSERIAL SAVE OUTFILE mm98hed sav GET FILE hhmm98 sav KEEP RELHFU ETHNICA CRY FUSERIAL COMPUTE ETBWIFE 9 SELECT IF RELHFU EQ 2 ETHNICA EQ 0 AND CRY EQ 1 ETBWIFE 1 ETHNICA EQ 0 AND CRY GT 1 ETBWIFE 2 ETHNICA GT 0 AND CRY EQ 1 ETBWIFE 3 IF ETHNICA GT 0 AND CRY 1 ETBWIFE 4 SORT CASES BY FUSERIAL SAVE OUTFILE mm98wif sav MATCH FILES FILE mm98hed sav TABLE mm98wif sav BY FUSERIAL SAVE OUTFILE mm98hedwif sav MATCH FILES FILE hhmm98 sav TABLE mm98hedwif sav BY FUSERIAL VALUE LABELS ETBHEAD ETBWIFE 1 White born in UK 2 White not born in UK 3 Not white born in UK 4 Not white not born in UK SAVE OUTFILE hhmm98add2 sav Joint characteristics of children and parents One major use of the kind of family level variables described above is to analyse children in terms of their own and their parents characteristics This can include both simple estimates of the numbers of children in families with particular combinat
22. by whether the other partner is employed unemployed or not in the labour force Equally important is the effect on the household s economic circumstances and well being of the combination of economic activities experienced by all the adult members of the household For example the increasing tendency for some households to consist either of members who are all working or of members who are all non working in comparison with the pattern more commonly seen in the past of households including someone who is working and someone who is not has important effects on the distribution of household income and wealth The LFS is a unique source of detailed information about the ways that households and families behave in relation to the labour market Its data on the characteristics of households and families can also be used for more general demographic purposes The LFS has both high frequency quarterly and a relatively large sample size which means it is a particularly good and sometimes the only practical source of household and family data on smaller population sub groups for example ethnic minorities However because the LFS was designed and developed as a survey focussing on individuals in the early stages little attention was given to the information on household and family The survey design data collection and processing procedures were chosen to produce the best possible data on individuals but in some respects this did not coincide with
23. had children then not only would the whole 4 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data household have been classed as a single family unit but the woman would have been coded as heading a male lone parent family When it later emerged that secondary analysts wished to use the quarterly LFS for demographic analysis the checking of household member assignment to families was reinstated for the summer 1993 survey and beyond For earlier quarters it was necessary to re examine the data and impute values for implausible households spring 1992 and spring 1993 have been made consistent and family unit information from summer 1993 onwards is reliable It should be noted that as the data for spring 1992 and spring 1993 were imputed retrospectively when some additional constraints applied they will not follow quite the same model as is currently applied This leaves only summer 1992 autumn 1992 and winter 1992 3 as problematic there are no plans to correct these as the correction process is extremely resource intensive ERRORS IN DERIVATION OF HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY VARIABLES In June 1995 errors were discovered in the programs producing some of household and family derived variables from spring 1992 to winter 1994 5 A decision was made not to correct this as the effects were thought to be minor and household and family data were little used at that time A reference to this issue was me
24. head of family unit and AYFL19 0 18 e NB Selecting filtering on RELHFU 1 or 2 ensures that only mothers with dependent children are selected for the analyses Omitting this filter would mean that women of working age who are themselves children of the family unit would also be included e Tables produced from Quanvert need to be run at the person level e A figure for women with no children can be obtained by subtracting the number of women with children from all women 24 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data E g 2 Women mothers with dependent children by economic activity Winter Dec 2000 to Feb 2001 Economic activity Level person Weight matrix intwt Filter SEX Female AYFL19 0 0 18 0 Economic activity of women with dependent children Economic activity llodefa Level person Weight matrix intwt Filter SEX Female Economic activity of all women Economic activity of women without dependent children by subtraction Thousands Thousands Thousands All persons aged 8 698 All persons aged 16 23 892 All persons aged 16 15 194 Economically active 5 862 Economically active 13 143 Economically active 7 282 In employment 5 553 In employment 12 576 In employment 7 022 ILO unemployed 309 ILO unemployed 568 ILO unemployed 259 Inactiv 2 837 Inactive 10 749 Inactive 7 912 3 Number of children in the family by family type e These are pr
25. household type February 2003 15 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SECTION 6 HOUSEHOLD DATASETS SELECTION OF HOUSEHOLD DATASETS As noted in Section 3 above some problems with household and family data during the period 1992 to 1994 have previously been identified and corrections or adjustments made but because of the extremely resource intensive nature of the work involved in the correction and adjustment processes this work was applied only to the spring quarters It was decided therefore that for this period household datasets would be produced for spring quarters only For the period before 1992 as one looks further back in time it becomes increasingly difficult to assess the quality of the household and family data but there are known to be some sources of discontinuity and it is a period for which there has been little use made of the household and family data The available LFS datasets for the period do not now include a detailed household type variable which would be a key element of most household level analyses Consultation with major customers indicated that for LFS household datasets there was most interest in the period from 1992 onwards but that it was regarded as important to have a dataset for 1990 in view of its position in the business cycle From 1995 onwards the consensus of major customers was that a greater frequency than annual was desirable but that two q
26. or a man aged between 16 and 64 LFS FAMILY UNIT A LFS family unit comprises either a single person or a married or cohabiting couple on their own or with their never married children who have no children of their own or lone parents with such children It should be noted that the term family is often used in the literature in a more restrictive sense than the LFS definition of a family unit Commonly single person LFS family units are not described as families but as persons not in families Also LFS family units include non dependent children who can in fact be adult provided they are never married and have no children of their own in the household This may be inconsistent with some other usage DEPENDENT NON DEPENDENT CHILDREN Dependent children are defined as children under 16 years of age or those aged 16 to 18 who are never married and in full time education Dependency of a child is defined in the context of a family ADOPTED AND STEP CHILDREN Adopted children are not separately distinguished and are treated in the same way as other children Up to 1995 step children were not separately distinguished From 1996 onwards step child and step parent are recorded separately as relationships to the head of household and within the household matrix but step children are included together with other children in variables describing the number of children in the family unit or household FOSTER CHILDREN Foste
27. previously produced in SPSS by selecting RELH96 0 head of household will not be affected by selecting the HRP EXTENDED FAMILIES An additional concept which was introduced into LFS data at the same time as the household matrix is that of the extended family An extended family includes all people within a household who are related in some way partners parents children grandparents grandchildren siblings relatives by marriage guardians and other relations Foster parents and children are not included in the same extended family and foster children are assigned to separate family units within a household NB t should be noted that the household matrix data for spring 1996 may not be fully complete as there are some households about 3 where data has to be imputed carried forward from the previous quarter due to circumstantial refusal or non contact and these households will not have data in the form of the household matrix Also a small number of people about 100 in spring 1996 were found to have no data on age or sex these individuals were dropped For cases where age and sex were recorded but region was missing the region code of the other household members was assigned 10 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SECTION 5 WEIGHTING THE LFS SAMPLE OF HOUSEHOLDS PROBLEMS OF USING INDIVIDUAL LEVEL WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA Until the development of
28. producing the best possible data on households and families ONS has therefore decided to produce separate LFS datasets especially designed to be suitable for analyses at household and family level This has involved making adjustments for some inconsistencies and discontinuities in the data which have in the past affected the recording of household and family structure adding new derived variables for use in analysing economic activity at household and family level and deriving household level weighting factors A series of past datasets was released in 1998 including spring 1990 1992 1993 1994 spring and autumn 1995 1996 1997 and spring 1998 From the autumn 1998 dataset onwards the production of household datasets has been incorporated within the regular production programme of LFS data producing one from each autumn and spring quarter s data While this process of adjustment and household level weighting produces datasets which we consider will give the best estimates at household and family level it inevitably results in some differences from the regular LFS datasets which are designed to give the best estimates at the individual level It is therefore recommended that the regular quarterly person level datasets be used for any analysis at individual level and that the household datasets be used for any analysis involving household or family level data For analysis of individual members of households according to household level chara
29. the head of family unit and ETHWIFE for the ethnic group of the wife cohabitee of the head of family unit both have the same categories as ETHNICA The Quanvert prompt is shown in ordinary type and the user s response is shown in bold Command c New axis name ethhead Enter overall conditions for this axis if any Filter relhfu Which elements of relhfu head Head of family unit Or lt rtn gt And rtn Enter titles for this axis if any Title Ethnic group of head of FU Title rtn Enter heading for this axis if any Heading ethhead Enter element definitions according to the prompts Element 1 enter element type a Existing axis name ethnica B Base action t 8 elements taken as they are End of axis ethnica Element 9 enter element type lt rtn gt Enter column headings if any Line 1 lt rtn gt Level fmunit Quanvert then starts processing the new variable and eventually produces the following prompt at which point start specifying the second of the pair of variables relating to the wife New axis name ethwife Enter overall conditions for this axis if any Filter relhfu Which elements of relhfu wife Wife or cohabitee of head of family unit Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Enter titles for this axis if any Title Ethnic group of wife of head of FU Title lt rtn gt Enter heading for this axis if any Heading ethwife Enter element definitions according to the prompts E
30. the special purpose LFS household datasets the grossing for all LFS data i e the application of weighting factors in order to produce estimates at the level of the whole population was done entirely on the basis of the individual person The process which continues to be used for the individual level LFS datasets is fully described in Volume 1 of the User Guide but in summary the population is split into subgroups or cells where the number of people in each subgroup is known based on population estimates The weights are calculated by dividing the population in that subgroup by the number of cases in the sample A multi stage procedure is used first grossing to population estimates for individual Local Authority Districts then to national population estimates by sex and age group then grossing by sex region and age group This procedure is iterated until the results are stable Under this procedure sex age and area of residence will affect a person s grossing factor but not the type of household in which he or she lives and not the characteristics of the other people in the household This implies that using the individual grossing factors to gross up household level data may produce a biased distribution of household types and a biased distribution of particular subgroups of people by the type of household to which they belong There are some particularly striking examples of likely biases First we know from a study described in Volu
31. there were children and the estimates of such family types were therefore inflated This problem was eventually solved by the introduction of the household matrix approach to gathering household and family data in spring 1996 which is described in Section 4 below Adjustments to compensate for its effects have been made to the household datasets for the period 1992 to 1995 as described below 6 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data ERRORS IN MARITAL STATUS CODING Before describing the adjustments for the missing members problem one further data problem is described which these adjustments also deal with This problem affected family type coding in spring and summer 1995 In some cases 121 in spring and 137 in summer marital status was incorrectly coded and this resulted in both the man and the woman of a married or cohabiting couple being classified as the head of a male lone parent family unit ADJUSTMENTS FOR MISSING HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS The existence of missing members of a household had to be inferred from internal information on the characteristics of the recorded household members For some kinds of possibly missing people for example one of a group of unrelated flat sharers there was no way of doing this but it was thought that most cases where the missing person had led to distortion of the recorded household or family structure could be identified by one of the fo
32. type 2 or more persons all different family units 2 2 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0839 1 0000 1 1754 1 1772 1 1968 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0941 1 0000 Couple no children other family units 4 5 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 1310 1 1353 1 0000 1 2391 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0297 Couple all dependent children no other family 5 6 7 1 0097 1 0151 1 0194 1 0211 1 0190 1 0239 1 0170 1 0203 1 0272 1 0264 1 0259 1 0241 1 0276 1 0253 1 0293 1 0292 units Couple dependent amp non dependent children no 6 8 9 1 0335 1 0499 1 0638 1 0289 1 0352 1 0294 1 0316 1 0594 1 0543 1 0686 1 0704 1 0771 1 0786 1 0829 1 0800 1 0754 other family units Couple children other family units 8 10 12 14 1 0524 1 1159 1 1046 1 0513 1 1057 1 1247 1 1131 1 1549 1 1617 1 1290 1 1549 1 1150 1 1430 1 1479 1 2215 1 1819 Lone parent all dependent children no other 11 15 1 0010 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0020 1 0003 1 0015 1 0002 1 0009 1 0002 1 0008 1 0005 1 0009 1 0002 family units Lone parent dependent amp non dependent 12 16 1 0326 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0436 1 0476 1 0540 1 0490 1 0482 1 0453 1 0455 1 0824 1 0772 1 0594 children no other family units Lone parent other family units 14 16 18 20 1 0564 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 1913 1 1245 1 1332 1 1062 1 1639 1 1107 1 2045 1 1243 1 1894 1 2888 2 or more family units and others 17 20 21 25 1 0523 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 1483 1 1702 1 2400 1 1987 1 1271 1 2
33. unit level one each for the head of family unit and the wife of head with the categories derived by combining the existing variables as required The procedure is shown below using as an example a pair of new variables derived from ETHNICA and country of birth CRY with categories white born in UK white not born in UK not white born in UK not white not born in UK Command c New axis name etbhead Enter overall conditions for this axis if any Filter relhfu Which elements of relhfu head Head of family unit Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Enter titles for this axis if any Title Ethnic group and country of birth of head of FU Title lt rtn gt Enter heading for this axis if any Heading etbhead Enter element definitions according to the prompts Element 1 enter element type b Enter conditions for this row if any Filter lt rtn gt Side text base Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 1 defined Element 2 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter ethnica Which elements of ethnica white White Or lt rtn gt And cry Which elements of cry UK UK British Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Side text White UK born Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 2 defined Element 3 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter ethnica Which elements of ethnica white White Or lt rtn gt And cry Which elements of cry UK Not UK British Or lt rtn gt
34. who are not the head of household and missing non dependent children are ones where the household economic activity without the missing member is likely to be the same as that with all members present and also where workless households constitute a relatively small proportion The effect of this problem is therefore assessed as negligible iii There are about 100 households in each dataset where because of a variety of errors in recording the family unit and household structure it did not prove possible to derive consistent adjusted family and household type categories and the households were therefore dropped from the sample This constitutes under 0 2 of all households The individual errors involved are very varied and there is no reason to suppose that they differ systematically from other missing member cases On this basis if they had been included in the dataset their proportion of workless households would have been estimated as that for all households and since they were dropped this was in effect what was done The effect of this problem is therefore assessed as negligible The spring 1990 dataset The survey design and fieldwork arrangements in 1990 are expected to have resulted in household members with unstated economic activity as in 1996 onwards rather than household members being entirely missed from the dataset as in 1992 to 1995 However the percentage of households with unknown economic activity for 1990 is similar
35. would be different for people in the same household which is not acceptable for the household datasets or there would need to be a very resource intensive weighting process using pseudo control totals based on a large number of household level variables for the numbers of people in the household in each of the individual occupation industry and full part time categories It is likely that this would involve difficulties in achieving convergence to a solution without negative weighting factors iii regards benefit income this is only meaningful at aggregate household level Also it is not gathered from people over 70 unless they are in employment so a high proportion of income from some types of benefit is not recorded Initial customer consultation on this topic produced no responses indicating that demand was negligible Furthermore income from self employment is not gathered Therefore total income is incomplete and would involve weighting simultaneously at household and person level for different components which is unlikely to be workable The above suggest that the only element of income data which is likely to be useful and which has any prospect at all of being feasible at household level is earnings but it would still be either difficult and costly or impossible to produce satisfactory weighting factors The potential uses of data on total household or family earnings are in relation to assessing policy needs of or monit
36. 0323 units Couple dependent amp non dependent children 6 8 9 1 0897 1 0916 1 0808 1 0739 no other family units Couple all non dependent children no other 7 10 11 1 1053 1 1002 1 1026 1 1194 family units Couple children other family units 8 10 12 14 1 1781 1 1870 1 2020 1 2259 Lone parent all dependent children no other 11 15 1 0026 1 0016 1 0019 1 0025 family units Lone parent dependent amp non dependent 12 16 1 0620 1 0643 1 0645 1 0644 children no other family units Lone parent all non dependent children no 13 17 1 0877 1 0675 1 0781 1 0782 other family units Lone parent other family units 14 16 18 20 1 1492 1 1971 1 1892 1 1741 2 or more family units and others 17 20 21 25 1 2362 1 1864 1 2248 1 2082 Total all household types 1 0424 1 0397 1 0404 1 0442 Workless households with one adult 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 Workless households with more than one adult 1 0913 1 0876 1 0895 1 1002 1 A workless household is a household with at least one person of working age where no one is in employment The household type variable used for spring 1990 is TYPEHH THHADJ for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 and HHTYPE for spring 1996 onwards Adjustments factors for Autumn 1998 to Autumn 2001 are based on re grossed data Table A E2 2 Adjustment of estimates of working age people in workless households UK spring 1990 spring 1992 to spring 2002 autumn 1995 to autumn 2002 cont d on next page Codes of grouped h
37. 1 1193 1 1947 1 2173 1 1734 1 1852 1 1704 1 1681 1 1647 1 2297 1 2226 Lone parent all dependent children no other 11 15 1 0028 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0165 1 0017 1 0033 1 0031 1 0048 1 0005 1 0025 1 0031 1 0026 1 0029 family units Lone parent dependent amp non dependent 12 16 1 0312 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0435 1 0417 1 0479 1 0540 1 0637 1 0482 1 0700 1 0857 1 0728 1 0615 children no other family units Lone parent all non dependent children no 13 17 1 0511 1 0149 1 0158 1 0156 1 0220 1 0279 1 0584 1 0667 1 0872 1 0745 1 0945 1 1003 1 0935 1 0906 1 0890 1 1027 other family units Lone parent other family units 14 16 18 20 1 0864 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 2485 1 2410 1 2212 1 2012 1 2163 1 1999 1 2618 1 1621 1 2695 1 3147 2 or more family units and others 17 20 21 25 1 0676 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 1894 1 2622 1 2879 1 2245 1 1817 1 2280 1 2807 1 3173 1 2751 1 2909 Total all household types 1 0342 1 0131 1 0146 1 0141 1 0129 1 0152 1 0570 1 0617 1 0647 1 0649 1 0705 1 0714 1 0734 1 0658 1 0679 1 0789 Working age people in workless households with one adult 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 Working age people in workless households with more than one adult 1 0519 1 0191 1 0214 1 0212 1 0197 1 0237 1 0907 1 0987 1 1022 1 1047 1 1134 1 1186 1 1198 1 1098 1 1119 1 1301 1 Working age refers to men between the ages of 16 64
38. 2 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 HNIWSKD Number of people in the household who are inactive and would like to work and are currently sick injured or disabled Based on a person satisfying the criteria INECACA 8 Inactive seeking unavailable temporarily sick or injured 9 Inactive seeking unavailable long term sick or disabled 15 Inactive not seeking would like work temporarily sick or injured 16 Inactive not seeking would like work long term sick or disabled FREQUENCY From spring 1992 NOTE Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 HNIWDSC Number of people in the household who are inactive and would like to work but discouraged from seeking work Based on a person satisfying the criteria INECACA 17 Inactive not seeking would like work believes no job available FREQUENCY From spring 1992 NOTE Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 38 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data HNIWFAM Number of people in the household who are inactive and would like to work but looking after family or home Based on a person satisfying the criteria INECACA 7 Inactive seeking unavailable looking after family home 14 Inactive no
39. 24 1 0203 1 0247 1 0181 1 0221 1 0271 1 0267 1 0266 1 0255 1 0288 1 0266 1 0301 1 0288 units Couple dependent amp non dependent children 6 8 9 1 0330 1 0296 1 0475 1 0287 1 0287 1 0262 1 0357 1 0557 1 0514 1 0609 1 0512 1 0652 1 0660 1 0710 1 0714 1 0714 no other family units Couple all non dependent children no other 7 10 11 1 0442 1 0391 1 0445 1 0333 1 0207 1 0314 1 0627 1 0698 1 0957 1 0924 1 0899 1 0733 1 0959 1 1010 1 1030 1 1010 family units Couple children other family units 8 10 12 14 1 0669 1 1132 1 0991 1 0451 1 1211 1 1152 1 1056 1 1707 1 1926 1 1509 1 1647 1 1514 1 1613 1 1596 1 2055 1 1843 Lone parent all dependent children no other 11 15 1 0017 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0102 1 0008 1 0023 1 0016 1 0024 1 0003 1 0014 1 0015 1 0018 1 0018 family units Lone parent dependent amp non dependent 12 16 1 0293 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0425 1 0394 1 0490 1 0556 1 0611 1 0509 1 0654 1 0797 1 0703 1 0516 children no other family units Lone parent all non dependent children no 13 17 1 0401 1 0265 1 0284 1 0275 1 0381 1 0484 1 0494 1 0534 1 0738 1 0642 1 0818 1 0885 1 0871 1 0818 1 0760 1 0829 other family units Lone parent other family units 14 16 18 20 1 0691 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 2209 1 1875 1 1849 1 1484 1 1717 1 1539 1 2165 1 1375 1 2331 1 2613 2 or more family units and others 17 20 21 25 1 0582 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 1659 1 2167 1 2479 1 1831 1 1537 1 2020 1 2252 1 2373 1 2229 1 2412 T
40. 265 1 2144 1 2267 1 1999 1 1797 Total all household types 1 0076 1 0097 1 0118 1 0109 1 0095 1 0122 1 0153 1 0159 1 0204 1 0187 1 0180 1 0149 1 0200 1 0195 1 0214 1 0221 Children in workless households with one adult 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 Children in workless households with more than one adult 1 0163 1 0175 1 0216 1 0205 1 0196 1 0249 1 0326 1 0346 1 0449 1 0429 1 0418 1 0380 1 0482 1 0477 1 0522 1 0530 1 Children refers to all children under 16 A workless household is a household with at least one person of working age where no one is in employment 3 The household type variable used for spring 1990 is THHADJ for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 and HHTYPE for spring 1996 onwards Adjustment factors for Autumn 1998 to Autumn 2001 based re grossed data Table A E2 3 Adjustment of estimates of children in workless households UK spring 1990 spring 1992 to spring 2002 autumn 1995 to autumn 2002 cont d from previous page Codes of grouped household type categories Adjustment factors spr 1990 spr 1992 to spr 1996 spr aut spr aut aut 1995 onwards 2001 2001 2002 2002 Household type 2 or more persons all different family units 2 2 1 0000 1 0000 1 1904 1 1541 Couple no children other family units 4 5 1 0000 1 1276 1 2187 1 0797 Couple all dependent children no other family 5 6 7 1 0313 1 0299 1 0303
41. 6 this also included full time at polytechnic HNOTSTUD Number of people in the household who are not full time students All persons in the household who are not classified as a full time student as defined above Also includes CURED not stated HNFTIME Number of people in the household who are working full time Based on a person satisfying the criteria FTPTWORK 1 and ECAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 or 8 for spring 1990 FTPTWK 1 and INECACA 1 2 3 or 4 for spring 1992 to spring 1994 FTPT 1 and INECACA 1 2 3 or 4 from spring 1995 February 2003 37 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data HNPTIME Number of people in the household who are working part time Based on a person satisfying the criteria FTPTWORK 2 and ECAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 or 8 for spring 1990 FTPTWK 2 and INECACA 1 2 3 or 4 for spring 1992 to spring 1994 FTPT 2 and INECACA 1 2 3 or 4 from spring 1995 Note that the following 6 variables are not available for spring 1990 because information on inactivity was more limited at that time HNIWSTU Number of people in the household who are inactive and would like to work and are currently students Based on a person satisfying the criteria INECACA 6 Inactive seeking unavailable student 13 Inactive not seeking would like work student FREQUENCY From spring 1992 NOTE Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 199
42. 7 Couple dependent and non dependent children no other family units 21 262 121 Couple all non dependent children no other family units 81 711 163 Couple children other family units 14 30 26 Lone parent all dependent children no other family units 641 567 122 Lone parent dependent and non dependent children no other family 26 56 39 Lone parent all non dependent children no other family units 134 223 101 Lone parent other family units 32 23 20 Other 18 65 31 Total all household types 3 066 10 693 1 457 Figures have been adjusted to include estimates for households with unknown economic activity See Section 8 Treatment of households with unknown economic activity for details of the adjustment procedure that should be used Some other examples of subcategories likely to be of interest are e households which contain dependent children HDPCH19 gt 0 using an already established variable e households containing pre school children HDPCH4 gt 0 e households containing someone who is in employment HNEMP gt 0 e households consisting entirely of students HNOTSTUD 0 e households containing someone who is economically inactive and would like work but is not seeking work because of a belief that there is none available discouraged worker HNIWDSC gt 0 e households containing someone who is working part time and no one who is working full time HNFTIME 0 and HNPTIME gt 0 5 For more details see the
43. 9 802 4 499 255 362 419 1 628 Spring 1992 17 601 8 877 977 4 364 340 526 628 1 889 Spring 1993 17 882 9 121 982 4 163 333 607 691 1 985 Spring 1994 18 178 9 441 873 4 174 299 639 643 2 109 Spring 1995 18 407 9 780 780 4 143 258 621 574 2 251 Spring 1996 18 204 9 686 718 4 090 267 578 515 2 351 Spring 1997 18 309 9 986 649 4 173 230 496 442 2 333 Spring 1998 18 480 10 227 583 4 238 194 447 365 2 425 Spring 1999 18 530 10 376 598 4 199 201 430 360 2 366 Spring 2000 18 663 10 693 558 4 148 198 385 316 2 365 Figures have been adjusted to include estimates for households with unknown economic activity See Section 8 Treatment of households with unknown economic activity for details of the adjustment procedure that should be used To show this distribution separately for subgroups of households defined by an existing household level variable a cross tabulation of HEACOMB and the other variable for example HHTYPE or HNWKAGE is all that is needed 3 The exception to this is for household level analyses produced from the spring 1996 quanvert household dataset Users should filter on RELHOH head as the file is incorrectly grossed to everyone and not just the head From spring 2001 the LFS is switching from using Head of Household HOH to Household Reference Person HRP in line with all other ONS household surveys see Section 4 for more details February 2003 21 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data
44. And lt rtn gt Side text White not UK born Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 3 defined Element 4 enter element type r 46 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data Enter conditions for this row if any Filter ethnica Which elements of ethnica white Not White Or lt rtn gt Which elements of cry UK UK British Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Side text Not white UK born Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 4 defined Element 5 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter ethnica Which elements of ethnica white Not White Or lt rtn gt And cry Which elements of cry UK Not UK British Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Side text Not white not UK born Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 5 defined Element 6 enter element type lt rtn gt Enter column headings if any Line 1 lt rtn gt Level fmunit Quanvert then starts processing the head of FU variable The variable for wife of head of FU is the same except for the changes to the overall filter and the titles and headings which are shown in the previous example An alternative approach is to first create a new axis variable at person level with categories derived by combining the existing variables as required and then using this new variable to create the family unit level variables for the head of family unit and the wife of hea
45. E 1 IF ETHNICA EQ 2 ETHWIFE 2 IF ETHNICA EQ 3 ETHWIFE 3 IF ETHNICA EQ 4 ETHWIFE 4 SORT CASES BY FUSERIAL SAVE OUTFILE mm98wife sav MATCH FILES FILE mm98head sav TABLE mm98wife sav BY FUSERIAL SAVE OUTFILE mm98headwife sav MATCH FILES FILE hhmm98 sav TABLE mm98headwife sav BY FUSERIAL VALUE LABELS ETHHEAD ETHWIFE 0 White 1 Black 2 Indian 3 Pakistani Bangladeshi 4 Mixed Other SAVE OUTFILE hhmm98add1 sav February 2003 41 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data When analysing these variables one record per family unit must be selected e g by RELHFU 1 unless the analysis is to be of all individual family members in which case all records should be retained see below for an example of this If the analysis is to be restricted to couple family units i e to exclude family units with a head and no wife cohabitee then select by RELHFU 2 wife cohabitee of head of family unit If this is not done the heads of family unit who do not have a wife cohabitee will appear in the tabulation though they will have DNA for the wife s category Next to create the two variables for the husband s and wife s characteristics combining information from two or more existing variables and perhaps combining some categories the procedure is shown below using as an example a pair of new variables derived from ETHNICA and country of
46. E1 Adjustment of estimates of workless households UK spring 2002 Household economic activity category and code Emp Unadjusted Adjusted Adjustment All Emp Emp Unemp All Unemp workless workless factor Unkn emp unemp inact inact unemp Total households households 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T U 5 6 0 7 T 9 Household type HHTYPE and codes of grouped categories Data in thousands 1 person 1 2 680 E 247 gt 813 3 741 1 061 1 061 1 0002 2 or more persons all different family units 2 216 225 17 124 p 18 83 698 105 152 1 4485 Couple no children no other family units 3 4 197 2 846 111 856 2 38 537 4 594 585 611 1 0448 Couple no children other family units 5 46 39 109 19 226 24 30 1 2594 Couple all dependent children no other family units 139 2 860 159 1 365 18 13 77 185 4 815 274 283 1 0296 6 7 Couple dependent amp non dependent children no 53 261 47 288 43 11 712 21 22 1 0808 other family units 8 9 Couple all non dependent children no other family 146 640 83 571 51 i 30 48 1 570 79 87 1 1026 units 10 11 Couple children other family units 12 14 30 22 104 3 E 178 i 11 1 2020 Lone parent all dependent children no other family 2 634 i 85 d 80 553 1 374 641 643 1 0019 units 15 Lone parent dependent amp non dependent children 10 57 16 45 17 166 30 32 1 0645 no other family units 16
47. Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethwh Enter value or range for hnethwh gt 0 And hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl 0 lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt 50 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data Or lt rtn gt And hnethot Enter value or range for hnethbl gt 0 Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Side text white other Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 6 defined Element 7 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethwh Enter value or range for hnethwh 0 Or lt rtn gt And hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl gt 0 Or lt rtn gt And hnethot Enter value or range for hnethbl gt 0 Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Side text black other Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 7 defined Element 8 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethwh Enter value or range for hnethwh gt 0 Or lt rtn gt And hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl gt 0 Or lt rtn gt And hnethot Enter value or range for hnethbl gt 0 Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Side text white black other Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 8 defined Elem
48. GT 0 AND HNETHWH EQ 0 AND HNETHOT GT 0 HETHCOM 5 F HNETHBL EQ 0 AND HNETHWH GT 0 AND HNETHOT GT 0 HETHCOM 6 F HNETHBL GT 0 AND HNETHWH GT 0 AND HNETHOT GT 0 7 VALUE LABELS HETHCOM 1 Only white 2 Only black 3 Only other 4 White black 5 White other 6 Black other 7 White black other SAVE OUTFILE hhmm98add4 sav 44 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data ANNEX Bill GUIDANCE ON CREATING HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY UNIT LEVEL VARIABLES Quanvert version Joint characteristics of married cohabiting couples For looking at the characteristics of husbands and wives or cohabitees together the simplest approach is to create two variables at family unit level one holding the characteristic of the husband and the other holding that of the wife similar to the variables HEAHEAD and HEAWIFE which have already been created for the broad economic activity of husbands and wives These pairs of variables can then be cross tabulated at family unit level to give the joint distribution of husbands and wives or further cross tabulated and or selected for more elaborate analyses First to create the two variables for the husband s and wife s characteristics based on an existing variable the procedure is shown below using the existing variable for the ethnic group in broad groupings ETHNICA The variables created are ETHHEAD for the ethnic group of
49. ING THE HOUSEHOLD DATASETS In early 1999 some technical revisions were undertaken to the weighting procedure used to create the household datasets A problem had been found which caused the weighted distribution of households by type to be distorted for Northern Ireland with too many one person households too few households consisting of couples with children and too high a total number of households The source of the problem was identified and to solve it the weighting factors needed to be recalculated using a set of starting weights in which Northern Ireland has a different value from other regions The full series of household datasets up to spring 1998 was re weighted However the re weighting had minimal effects upon the analyses extracted from these datasets the only exception to this being analyses involving household type carried out on the Northern Ireland region REGROSSING THE HOUSEHOLD DATASETS In April 2000 ONS released regrossed person level LFS data back to autumn 1993 using the most up to date population control totals available The household datasets were also regrossed using the same population figures as were used for the main databases and were released in August 2000 It was only necessary to regross the household datasets back to autumn 1996 as datasets up to spring 1996 were already based on ONS s MYEs As a result of the regrossing datasets from autumn 1996 to spring 1998 are based on MYEs from autumn 1998 to spri
50. IVIDUAL 14 SECTION 6 HOUSEHOLD DATASETS 16 SELECTION OF HOUSEHOLD DATASETS is 22 25 Heer tene Heuer epe ai Heer 16 VARIABLES IN THE HOUSEHOLD 2 2 nte terne E ee 16 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD AND INDIVIDUAL DATASETS 17 SECTION 7 WHEN USE HOUSEHOLD AND INDIVIDUAL LFS 19 BACKGROUND 19 GENERAL RULE 2 ode Pee Pee andes Clas rev Tue 19 EXCEPTIONS EH TIME 20 INCOME EARNINGS AND THE LFS HOUSEHOLD 8 0 eee en enne nnne nene enn enn entane enne nnns 20 SECTION 8 ANALYSES AT HOUSEHOLD nn n aa kanns ad dann ga 21 ANALYSES AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL ONLY 0 020 21 SELECTING PARTICULAR SUBGROUPS OF HOUSEHOLDS sssscececccesseseeeeeececeauesseeeceeaueasececeeeseaueaseeeeeeeseaueaseeeseeeeeauenss 22 51 5
51. Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY DATA 2003 CONTENTS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ccccccccccsesseccsssesecessecenneeeuenauseseeuseeuseauusuenauseeensuseauauuseanauseeuanesseeesnanens 1 SECTION 2 DEFINITIONS ccccccccecccccseesecessseseenesseeennueeeeeauseeeenesuaennuueeeeauseseaesseauaueseenauseeeausueseuseanens 2 HOUSEHOLD EE 2 LES FAMIENAUNIT E E A EEEE EEO see cubes SEEE E TOE E 2 DEPENDENT NON DEPENDENT 2 ADOPTED AND STEPCHILDREN eo ri Toa eve vo eo vae nah ea Vrae ve eva aaa Evae a alea vara 2 FOSTER CHILDREN setze per c vl A oe eR erat ete eoe o oa ER eo qu toe werte 2 EXTENDED FAMILY 5 1 ete bud eder uei EATER STRE RR ERRARE FRE SECURE AREE ETRURIAE NO EP RICE 2 SAME SEX COUPLES c E M 3 SECTION ADJUSTMENTS FOR INCONSISTENCIES AND DISCONTINUITIES 4 SPRING 1990 HOUSEHOLD 888888 4 FAMILY 3 X 4 ERRORS DERIVATION OF HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY VARIABLES 0 0 5 MISSING HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 1 ense nnne rt SEA sss esses da sese
52. Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data The numbers of instances of adjusted household and family type variables are given in table 3 3 below Table 3 3 Number of instances of adjusted household and family type variables Changed from Changed to Spring 1992 Spring 1993 Spring 1994 Spring 1995 Autumn 1995 HOUSEHOLDS Lone parent Couple 541 661 556 490 605 One person Couple 782 776 844 520 673 One person Lone parent 56 58 52 72 87 One person 2 persons 79 109 122 146 166 All DK 36 45 28 27 27 FAMILY UNITS One person Couple 915 902 944 669 822 Lone parent Couple 566 717 595 532 628 All DK 278 251 179 247 256 There were also found to be a small number of cases typically about 100 per dataset where a family unit had no head or two or more heads or two or more wives of head The apparent causes were very varied and in most cases it was not possible to identify the most probable real situation so these cases were dropped This problem continued to occur after 1995 It should be noted that the data during the period under consideration do not enable us to distinguish between cases where a spouse is missing from the data and cases where a spouse is genuinely absent from the household for more than six months for example working abroad or in prison The adjustment procedure has therefore been applied to both situations though it is likely that the second is much rarer It should also be noted that for
53. Lone parent dependent amp non dependent 12 16 1 0637 1 0638 1 0701 1 0686 children no other family units Lone parent all non dependent children no 13 17 1 1089 1 0740 1 0926 1 0925 other family units Lone parent other family units 14 16 18 20 1 1866 1 2648 1 2235 1 2308 2 or more family units and others 17 20 21 25 1 2928 1 2308 1 2684 1 2445 Total all household types 1 0726 1 0679 1 0689 1 0793 Working age people in workless households with one adult 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 Working age people in workless households with more than one adult 1 1189 1 1136 1 1148 1 1357 Working age refers to men between the ages of 16 64 and women between 16 59 A workless household is a household with at least one person of working age where no one is in employment 3 The household type variable used for spring 1990 is THHADJ for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 and HHTYPE for spring 1996 onwards 4 Adjustment factors for Autumn 1998 to Autumn 2001 are based re grossed data Table A E2 3 Adjustment of estimates of children in workless households UK spring 1990 spring 1992 to spring 2002 autumn 1995 to autumn 2002 cont d on next page Codes of grouped household type categories Adjustment factors spr 1990 spr 1992 to spr 1996 spr spr spr spr spr aut spr aut spr aut spr aut spr aut spr aut aut 1995 onwards 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 Household
54. acteristics of the parents it is possible to create a single more elaborate pair of variables which combine categories of several different characteristics but this approach is less versatile and flexible Household level variables counting people with a specified characteristic Turning to analyses at household level these often need a variable which counts the number of people in the household with a specific characteristic For the main labour market characteristics a number of such variables are already provided in the household datasets for example the number of adults in a household who are employed or unemployed or in various types of inactivity or employed full time or part time For users who need similar variables based on other characteristics the procedure in Quanvert is first to create a numeric variable for the number of people in the household filtering on the characteristic of interest This numeric variable can be used for subsequent filtering including the creation of further variables but if it is desired to tabulate by the numeric variable an axis variable has to be created based on it The procedure is shown below using number of people aged 16 and over in the black ethnic group as an example First the creation of the numeric variable Command inc New numeric variable name hnethbl Enter filters if any at lower level fmunit person Filter ethnica Which elements of ethnica black Black Or lt rt
55. adults it is necessary to filter on the age or some other suitable indicator variable The two main possibilities are to filter on AGE lt 16 thereby restricting the analysis to children aged under 16 or to filter on CAIND selecting the elements which include child this will restrict the analysis to dependent children defined in the LFS as children aged under 16 or those aged 16 to 18 who are never married and in full time education As an example to estimate the number of children whose parents fall into each category of ETHNICA tabulate by the variables ETHHEAD and ETHWIFE defined above filter on AGE or CAIND to restrict the analysis to children of the requisite definition and set the level to person February 2003 47 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data To cross tabulate also by a characteristic of the children for example their ethnic group tabulate by ETHHEAD ETHWIFE and ETHNICA filter on AGE or CAIND to select children and set the level of analysis to person To cross tabulate by an additional characteristic of the parents for example their ages it will be necessary to create another pair of family unit level variables one each for the age of the head and of the wife using the methods described above and add these variables to those in the tabulation and to check that the sample sizes are still large enough Or instead of creating several variables for different char
56. adults in a household who are employed or unemployed or in various types of inactivity or employed full time or part time For users who need similar variables based on other characteristics the procedure is shown below using number of people aged 16 and over in the black ethnic group as an example GET FILE hhmm98 sav KEEP HSERIAL ETHNICA AGE COMPUTE ETHBL 0 IF ETHNICA EQ 1 AND AGE GE 16 ETHBL 1 SORT CASES BY HSERIAL AGGREGATE OUTFILE BREAK HSERIAL HNETHBL SUM ETHBL SAVE OUTFILE mm98ethb sav MATCH FILES FILE hhmm98 sav TABLE mm98ethb sav BY HSERIAL SAVE OUTFILE hhmm98add3 sav Household level variables describing the combined characteristics of the members The count variables described above can also be used to construct household level variables which describe the combined characteristics of the members in a similar way to the combined household economic activity variable HEACOMB which is already available in the household datasets For example suppose we have a set of count variables similar to HNETHBL the number of black adults used as an example above but for each category of ETHNICA so that there are also variables HNETHWH for the number of white adults HNETHIN for Indians and so on Then these can be used to create a variable for the combined ethnic group category of the household with categories only February 2003 43 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 House
57. adults with no children category 17 to 3 or more adults with no children including at least one married or cohabiting couple category 14 February 2003 5 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data Table 3 1 Differences between original and revised unweighted datasets for household composition variable Difference Category Spring Spring Spring 1992 1993 1994 1 1 male over pensionable age with no children 3 5 124 2 1 female over pensionable age with no children 98 173 293 3 1 adult with no children 71 178 417 4 1 adult with one child 0 0 0 5 1 adult with two or more children 1 0 0 6 2 married adults both under pensionable age with no children 18 0 0 7 2 married adults one over pensionable age with no children 1 808 1 860 1 768 8 2 married adults with one child 30 29 26 9 2 married adults with two children 1 2 1 10 2 married adults with three or more children 4 1 1 11 2 adults under pensionable age with no children 2 595 2 531 2 410 12 2 adults one under pensionable age with no children 769 671 642 13 2 adults with one or more children 31 32 26 14 3 or more adults with no children including at least one married or cohabiting 952 964 903 15 3 or more adults with one or two children including at least one married or 15 21 22 cohabiting couple 16 3 or more adults with three or more children including at least one married or 1 0 1 cohabiting couple 17 3 or mo
58. aged 0 to 4 in the household e number of children aged 5 to 15 in the household e number of dependent children i e those in full time education aged 16 to 18 in the household 16 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data iv v variables giving the numbers of people in the household in various economic activity categories of particular interest for analyses of the whole household and describing the combined economic activity of the household members e number of people in employment in the household number of people in full time employment in the household number of people in part time employment in the household number of people ILO unemployed in the household e number of people economically inactive neither employed nor ILO unemployed in the household number of people in the household who are economically inactive but would like to work and are not seeking work because they are students e number of people the household who are economically inactive but would like to work and are not seeking work because they are sick or disabled number of people in the household who are economically inactive but would like to work and are not seeking work because they do not believe there is work available discouraged workers number of people in the household who are economically inactive but would like to work are not seeking work because they are
59. ant to be included in the User Guide issued in September 1995 but unfortunately this did not happen The errors were caused by programs accessing the records of previous household members who had left and their records including age had been set to zero The variables affected were household composition AGCOCD household type TYPEHH age of oldest dependent child aged under 16 in family AOFL16 age of oldest dependent child aged under 19 in family AOFL19 and age of youngest child aged under 19 in family AYFL19 In 1997 it became apparent that the problem could have significant effects for some kinds of analysis and the affected variables were re derived for the spring quarters of 1992 1993 and 1994 Since the re derivation process was resource intensive and some non spring quarters were already known to have other problems affecting household and family data it was decided not to apply the re derivation to the non spring quarters and to recommend that only the corrected spring quarters from 1992 to 1994 should be used for analyses using the affected household and family unit variables Table 3 1 below shows the differences in the household composition variable AGCOCD between the original and revised datasets The main changes were substantial numbers moving from 2 adults under pension age with no children category 11 to 2 married or not married adults one over pensionable age with no children categories 7 and 12 and from 3 or more
60. cteristics the situation is more complex and further guidance is given in Section 7 of this volume This volume of the User Guide gives information which is specific to the LFS household datasets e gives definitions of the key household and family concepts e describes the inconsistencies and discontinuities which were found in household and family data and the adjustments which have been made to correct or compensate for them in the household datasets e describes the improvements to household and family data which were brought about by the introduction of the household matrix approach to gathering data on the household composition e describes the process used for deriving household level weighting factors and assesses the effect of this e describes the household datasets and the new household and family level variables which have been added e explains and demonstrates various aspects of analysing household and family level data February 2003 1 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SECTION 2 DEFINITIONS HOUSEHOLD A household is defined as a single person or a group of people living at the same address who have the address as their only or main residence and either share one main meal a day or share the living accommodation or both Working age household A working age household is a household which includes at least one person of working age i e a woman aged between 16 and 59
61. d The first step is done as for the above example of ETBHEAD but with no overall condition at the beginning and with the level set to person instead of famunit at the end The second step is done as in the first example of ETHHEAD and ETHWIFE replacing ETHNICA with the newly created variable Joint characteristics of children and parents One major use of the kind of family level variables described above is to analyse children in terms of their own and their parents characteristics This can include both simple estimates of the numbers of children in families with particular combinations of parental characteristics and cross tabulations of characteristics of both children and parents But note that very small sample sizes are quickly reached by putting together multiple categorisations LFS estimates of less than 10 000 are regarded as based on too small a sample size to be reliable It is important to use family unit level variables in relating the characteristics of parents and children Household level variables are not usually appropriate since the children in a household may not be children of the head of the household But there is a complication even in using family unit level data since the LFS definition of a family unit includes any children of the head of the family unit who are never married and without children of their own in the household there is no age restriction So to analyse children of a family unit who are not
62. d HNWKAGE gt 0 0 and HNEMP 0 0 and HNFTSTUD 0 0 numeric variable created using WNLEFT Thousands Base 1 559 All employed 3 All employed or unemployed All employed or inactive All employed unemployed or inactive All unemployed 220 All unemployed or inactive 150 All inactive 1 189 DNA At least one person without an economic activity Sample size too small for reliable estimate SOME POINTS TO BE WARY ABOUT Treatment of individuals with no economic activity data As is described more fully in Section 3 from 1992 to 1995 household or family members for whom no data on economic activity were gathered have no person level records The derivation of household and family unit type did not therefore take into account such missing members but the household datasets include adjusted household and family type variables which as far as possible do take account of them It has not however been possible to make consistent adjustments to the relationship variables for the other fully recorded members There are therefore for 1992 to 1995 some households where not every member has an individual record and some individuals whose reported relationships are inconsistent with their household or family type For 1996 onwards the household and family type variables take account of such individuals and they have person level records but with most variables unstated The numbers affected form a small proportion of the who
63. d estimates for subgroups and this annex describes a simple consistent method for producing them It is important that the method should have the following characteristics e straightforward and quick to apply produces consistent results so that adjusted estimates for subgroups add up to the adjusted estimate for their total e does not depend on using possibly volatile small cells e does not distort the estimates for workless households We know from previous investigations that the incidence of households with unknown economic activity varies considerably between different household types and closely related to this between households with different numbers of adults This is what we would expect from the circumstances in which a household is assigned to the unknown economic activity category This happens if there is any person in the household for whom economic activity data cannot be obtained either because they are absent from the dwelling and the respondent does not feel able to give a proxy response or they are present and refuse to participate in the survey Every person aged over 16 is asked for information on their economic activity and so it is not possible for a household containing only one person over 16 described in this context as an adult to have unknown economic activity because if that one person were absent or refused then the whole household would be non responding February 2003 55 Table A
64. dual datasets in that the weight allocated is the same for all members of a household Using individual level weights can produce biased distributions of household types or biased distributions of particular subgroups of people by the type of household to which they belong Also it may produce different numbers for the two partners in a couple or for joint distributions depending on whether the basis for grossing is the head of household or the spouse see Section 5 for more details Prior to 1996 the household datasets also contain adjustments for errors and inconsistencies in household type variables see Section 3 for more details All this makes the household datasets more suitable for analysis at the household or family level As the person level datasets are not suitable for household level analyses the variables which classify by household or family type composition or size HHTYPE FUTYPE HLDCMP TOTNUM TOTFU FMDP FMNDP TOTXFU XFMDC XFMNDC are no longer be included in the person level datasets LFS household datasets are available for spring and autumn quarters since 1995 and also for spring quarters in 1990 and 1992 4 see Section 6 They do not contain information on earnings as no satisfactory basis could be devised for weighting such information at the household level GENERAL RULE In general the household datasets should be used both for analyses of households and families and for analyses of individuals where the d
65. e Rest of Scotland Northern Ireland iii Weights for persons in the same household to be equal It was possible to apply these specifications at the same time by using the recently developed methodology known as calibration or generalised raking Following Elliot 1997 the software used was CALMAR a SAS macro produced by INSEE The logit method was used with the allowable range of weighting factors set so as to minimise the range subject to avoiding significant bunching of cases at the boundary The possibility of using prior weights to compensate for non response in characteristics other than those included in the grossing procedure was considered but it was found that the gain to the sample from movers in satisfactorily offset the loss through non response Population estimates The population estimates used to provide the control totals by age sex and region were the latest available when the household datasets were first produced in 1998 Figures on databases up to spring 1996 were controlled to population data based on ONS s mid year estimates MYEs and autumn 1996 and beyond used control totals based on 1992 population projections However in 2000 ONS undertook a regrossing exercise to release revised LFS estimates using more up to date population estimates than the existing ones The effects of this exercise on the household datasets are described below in the section Regrossing the household datasets RE WEIGHT
66. e LFS was designed and developed as a survey focussing on individuals in the early stages little attention was given to the information on households and families which was included in the data by virtue of the household based sample design As over time users began to draw on this information a number of inconsistencies and discontinuities in the household and family data were identified caused by changes over time in the definitions of the variables underlying household and family type and changes or anomalies in applying these definitions Some of these have already been addressed in the production of the individual level datasets some have only recently been addressed in the production of the household datasets For completeness all are described below SPRING 1990 HOUSEHOLD DATASET The dataset for spring 1990 is the only one of the household datasets dating from before the introduction of the quarterly LFS See Section 6 below for details of how the household datasets were selected In the course of producing this dataset it was found that the currently available individual level dataset for the year did not include a full household type variable TYPEHH Since this was considered a key variable for household datasets it was re derived but the new variable proved to be inconsistent with the pre existing household composition variable AGCOCD Since the original specifications for these variables and the software to run them were no long
67. e household datasets include a number of new derived variables at household and family unit level to facilitate the analysis of the economic activity patterns of whole households The household datasets include common household weighting factors which are the same for every member of a household whereas the individual level datasets include only individual weights which usually differ between members of the same household February 2003 17 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data The household datasets are designed to give the best estimates at household and family level whereas the regular individual level datasets are designed to give the best estimates at the individual level It is recommended that the regular quarterly person level datasets be used for any analysis at individual level and that the household datasets be used for any analysis involving household or family level data Guidance on analysis of individuals according to their household and family level characteristics is given in Section 7 18 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SECTION 7 WHEN TO USE HOUSEHOLD AND INDIVIDUAL LFS DATASETS This section provides guidance on which type of LFS dataset household or individual is the most appropriate for use in any given situation BACKGROUND The weighting procedure for LFS household datasets differs from that used for the indivi
68. e used for any analysis at individual level and that the household datasets be used for any analysis involving household or family level data COMPARISONS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD ESTIMATES GROSSED AT HOUSEHOLD AND INDIVIDUAL LEVEL Table 5 2 below show two examples of the grossed distributions by household type when the grossing is done on a household basis as described above compared with the results when the grossing is done on an individual basis as described in Volume 1 of the User Guide Since both the procedures for adjusting and weighting the household datasets and the categorisations of the household and family type variables are different for the period from 1996 onwards and the period up to 1995 one example is given from each period for spring 2000 and spring 1993 respectively For 2000 when the only difference is in the weighting factors the estimated total number of households is a little smaller and there are some differences in distribution In particular the proportions of couples with all dependent children and lone parents with all dependent children are smaller and that of couples with all non dependent children larger For 1993 which is also affected by adjusted household type categories there are some larger though not very much larger differences for categories particularly affected by the adjustments In particular there is a smaller proportion of one person households as well as of couples and lone parents with all depende
69. ed problems for anyone using the grossed up results so when it was planned in 1989 to adopt CAI for the continuous panel element it was agreed to drop from the records all potential respondents for whom no information other than their existence could be gathered When the quarterly LFS was introduced it followed the design of the continuous panel element which had been written in BLAISE The coding check on the assignment of household members to family units which had been part of the quarterly supplement when it was conducted using paper questionnaires was discontinued This was because previous experience had shown that it was very difficult for coders to make amendments with the information available from the interview and only a small number of the discrepancies could be corrected One of the chief effects of dropping these checks was that unrelated respondents in a household could be erroneously coded as members of the same family even though they were not coded as married or living together as a couple two people in the same household each of whose marital status was divorced could be coded as being in the same family unit for example To add to the problem the derived variable relationship to head of family unit RELHFU would have identified both as the head of the family unit The situation was more complicated where children were involved In the example above if one or both of the divorced people living in the same household
70. eeded it can be done by selecting individuals with CAIND gt 1 instead of AGE 16 or by summing HDPCH19 over the relevant households But it should be noted that approaching half of all dependent children aged 16 to 18 are in employment so including this group has the effect of decreasing the proportion of children in workless households Treatment of unknown economic activity for household datasets Analysis of households For the household datasets to be suitable for all kinds of household and family level analyses it is important that households with unknown economic activity described in Section 5 are given weighting factors in the same way as the other households However if no account is taken of the unknown cases then there may be understatement in the estimation of the numbers and proportions of households in particular categories of household economic activity An investigation was made into the effect that the treatment of households with unknown economic activity has on the estimates particularly of workless households and to assess different methods of adjustment This showed that the characteristics of unknown households were not similar to those of known households overall but that this was a reasonable assumption within each household type category The adjustment methodology which is used for producing the regularly published series on workless households in the LFS Quarterly Supplement is therefore to divide a
71. ent 9 enter element type lt rtn gt Enter column headings if any Line 1 lt rtn gt Quanvert then starts processing the new variable February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data ANNEX C ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL PROBLEMS IN DATASETS UP TO 1995 The key potential effect of all the residual problems described below is on the distribution of the household combined economic activity variable The most critical indicator derived from this variable is the percentage of workless households The magnitude of the effects is therefore assessed in relation to this indicator Missing household members during 1992 to 1995 After adjusted household and family type variables have been created there are three known possible sources of residual error i Some of the adjusted households may have had missing members who were genuinely missing e g working abroad or in prison The proportion of households of this type can be estimated from the proportion of households which still have an apparent inconsistency between household type and the characteristics of the household members after the introduction of the household matrix This is about 0 5 in 1996 almost all of the missing spouse type either in a couple household with no children 0 3 or a couple household with children 0 2 The correct household economic activity of these households is that of the spouse who was still
72. er available the source of the inconsistency could not be investigated It was decided that since the re derived TYPEHH was consistent with later years the 1992 to 1994 specifications having been used and since the AGCOCD variable was very little used compared with TYPEHH the household dataset should be produced including TYPEHH but not AGCOCD Note also that there are various differences in how other variables are defined between 1990 and the later datasets see Volumes 3 and 7 of this User Guide for more details FAMILY UNIT ALLOCATION Up to and including 1995 the coding of family unit was done by LFS interviewers who allocated all the individuals in a household to one or more family units on the basis of the responses to the questions on relationship to head of household and marital status In most cases the household and the family unit are the same but it is not uncommon for a household to contain more than one family unit From spring 1992 to spring 1993 there were found to be problems with the allocation of individuals to family units which arose as follows From 1984 to 1991 the annual LFS dataset was made up of the continuous LFS a 15 000 household rotating quarterly panel and the spring boost of 45 000 households Both of these systems were based on paper questionnaires for most of that time and included incomplete interviews with some respondents in otherwise fully responding households Having incomplete data in this way caus
73. ete dente ionic e Ies 34 HDPGHA tee donee baad iss ott doe a ede ei dece a rns 34 HEACOMB vases ineat dente ted e 37 HEAEBEAJD itinere edat menant mita 40 FIEAWIEE et enero e cee uM Soha tat 40 P ET 33 LEE 31 apap 31 ils ELE 35 35 anl 37 e 37 FININAG T dettes nta ha ded heit fab doa ca 36 FININOMJIS n ede e dette ot ae ele toic oc 39 ANIW 38 22 ess 39 leri EEUU 39 FINIWSKD i need stetit e ie o edd etie Pee dide ee E ade ded t as 38 ANIWS TU ti eet ete tete rc tee e Bere t e t d tate o p d t 38 HNOTSTUD eremi p ee e ed i debat 37 HNBEN ed es bebe Set Male 34 PINE TIME t c dr 38 EE 36 ANW KAGE 34 iin 32 N NEWLEDENM T iieri tto ea ee d ettet tide eee 31 T D SiS 33 WIAD is iat ete eei ehe ee Mev dag Areal ere edere 33 February 2003 65
74. g not like work temporarily sick or injured 25 Inactive not seeking not like work long term sick or disabled 26 Inactive not seeking not like work not need or want job 27 nactive not seeking not like work retired 28 Inactive not seeking not like work other reason 29 Inactive not seeking not like work no reason given FREQUENCY From spring 1992 onwards NOTE Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 Household economic activity variable All persons in the household are employed All persons in the household are either employed or unemployed All persons in the household are either employed or inactive All persons in the household are either employed unemployed or inactive All persons in the household are unemployed All persons in the household are either unemployed or inactive All persons in the household are inactive 9 Unknown NOOR NOTE Based on a combination of the variables HNEMP HNUNEMP and HNINACT Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 HNFTSTUD Number of people in the household who are full time students Based on a person satisfying the criteria CURED 1 Atschool 2 Sandwich course 3 Full time at university or college NOTE From spring 1992 to winter 199
75. he period 1992 to 1995 some of the households with missing members described in Section 3 have no recorded head of household For this period an indicator variable HHIND has therefore been produced which takes the value 1 for the first person in each household and 0 otherwise Thus one person per household can be selected using HHIND 1 For an analysis at family unit level the selection of one person from each family unit can be done by selecting the head of family unit using RELHFU 1 The very few cases of a missing head of family unit were dropped from the household datasets as described in Section 3 Then if a simple distribution is required and the characteristic is described by an existing household level variable defining the appropriate frequency distribution is all that is required But it is necessary to remember to weight by the household weight if this is not a default of the software being used For example if a distribution by household economic activity is required this is provided by a frequency distribution using the new variable HEACOMB Table 8 1 shows a distribution of this variable over a number of years Table 8 1 Working age households by combined economic activity of household United Kingdom 1990 and 1992 2000 Employed All All Employed Employed unemployed Unemployed All households employed unemployed inactive inactive unemployed inactive inactive Thousands Spring 1990 17 023 9 05
76. hildren only and no other family units since cohabiting couples form a subgroup of all couples with the same characteristics Data in thousands 283 18 100 157 1 0300 NB Subgroups defined in terms of household type further analysed by another variable such as region i e variables which would have previously been associated with the general method should be presented as unadjusted due to the issues raised in the above General method section Method for household size categories A different method is required for adjusting subgroups defined in terms of the number of adults in the household i e the number of people over 16 The proposed method is to take an adjustment factor of exactly one for households with one adult and to calculate the adjustment factor for households with more than one adult in such a way that it produces the correct adjusted total of workless households This is done by subtracting from the total of adjusted numbers of workless households the number of one adult workless households and dividing that by the unadjusted total number of workless households minus the number of one adult workless households For example for spring 2000 the number of workless households with one adult is 1 589 million The adjustment factor for workless households with more than one adult is then 1 0855 Data in thousands 3 066 1 589 2 950 1 589 1 0855 It is important to note that the only household type categ
77. hildren whose parents fall into each category of ETHNICA tabulate by the variables ETHHEAD and ETHWIFE defined above select on AGE or CAIND to restrict the analysis to children of the requisite definition and tabulate all cases do not restrict to those with RELHFU 1 To cross tabulate also by a characteristic of the children for example their ethnic group tabulate by ETHHEAD ETHWIFE and ETHNICA filter on AGE or CAIND to select children and tabulate all cases To cross tabulate by an additional characteristic of the parents for example their ages it will be necessary to create another pair of family unit level variables one each for the age of the head and of the wife using the methods described above and add these variables to those in the tabulation and to check that the sample sizes are still large enough Or instead of creating several variables for different characteristics of the parents it is possible to create a single more elaborate pair of variables which combine categories of several different characteristics but this approach is less versatile and flexible Household level variables counting people with a specified characteristic Turning to analyses at household level these often need a variable which counts the number of people in the household with a specific characteristic For the main labour market characteristics a number of such variables are already provided in the household datasets for example the number of
78. hold and Family Data white only black only mixed other white black white Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi mixed and so on But it is already clear that even with five categories in the original variable the combined variable is both unmanageable and likely to produce unacceptably small sample sizes Three categories in the original variable is about the maximum practicable unless there is extensive grouping of the combined variable categories The example below uses three ethnic group categories white black and other in creating a variable HETHCOM for the combined ethnic group composition of the adults in the household It has seven categories only white only black only other white black white other black other white black other It is created as follows using the count variable HNETHBL described above and similar variables HNETHWH and HNETHOT for the numbers of white and other ethnic group adults respectively Note that this can be done at the level of the individual record as shown below or at the aggregated household level at the same time as creating the count variables as shown above GET FILE hhmm98 sav COMPUTE HETHCOM 0 F HNETHBL GT 0 AND HNETHWH EQ 0 AND HNETHOT EQ 0 HETHCOM 1 F HNETHBL EQ 0 AND HNETHWH GT 0 AND HNETHOT 0 HETHCOM 2 F HNETHBL EQ 0 AND HNETHWH EQ 0 AND HNETHOT GT 0 HETHCOM 3 F HNETHBL GT 0 AND HNETHWH GT 0 AND HNETHOT EQ 0 HETHCOM 4 F HNETHBL
79. household with categories only white only black only mixed other white black white Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi mixed and so on But it is already clear that even with five categories in the original variable the combined variable is both unmanageable and likely to produce unacceptably small sample sizes Three categories in the original variable is about the maximum practicable unless there is extensive grouping of the combined variable categories The example below uses three ethnic group categories white black and other in creating a variable HETHCOM for the combined ethnic group composition of the adults in the household It has seven categories only white only black only other white black white other black other white black other It is created as follows using the numeric count variable HNETHBL described above and similar variables HNETHWH and HNETHOT for the numbers of white and other ethnic group adults respectively Command New axis name hethcom Enter overall conditions for this axis if any Filter rtn Enter titles for this axis if any Title Combined ethnic group of household Title rtn Enter heading for this axis if any Heading hethcom February 2003 49 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data Enter element definitions according to the prompts Element 1 enter element type b Enter conditions for this row if any
80. household but not head of family unit NOTE CAIND identifies dependent children i e aged 16 or aged 16 to 18 in full time education and never married HDPCH18 Number of children in the household aged 16 years and over Based on a person satisfying the criteria AGE gt 16 and CAIND 2 Child of head of household and head of family unit 3 Child of other family 4 Child of head of household but not head of family unit NOTE CAIND identifies dependent children i e aged 16 or aged 16 to 18 in full time education and never married 34 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data 4 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY HNDK Number of people in the household whose basic economic activity is not known Based on a person satisfying the criteria IOUTCOME 3 and FACTORSP 0 for spring 1990 INECACA 9 from spring 1996 NOTE This variable is not available for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 HNEMP Number of people in the household who are employed Based on a person satisfying the criteria ECAR Employee Self employed Employment status not stated YTS employer based YTS college based ET employer practical training ET college based Other schemes FREQUENCY spring 1990 NOTE Set to unknown 9 for HNDK gt 0 Replaces variables NOEMHH and NOSCHH OR Based on a person satisfying the criteria INECACA 1 Employee 2 Self emp
81. households and family units where adjusted household and family type codes have been assigned it has not been possible owing to lack of information to make changes to the recorded data on relationship to head of household or head of family unit In some cases therefore these will not be consistent with the adjusted household and family type codes After the adjustments described above have been applied there remain a few minor potential sources of residual problems in the datasets up to 1995 which it has not been possible to address An assessment of the maximum possible effect of these is given at Annex C 8 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SECTION 4 HOUSEHOLD MATRIX IMPROVEMENTS HOUSEHOLD MATRIX APPROACH In recent years there has been increasing interest in household and family data from the LFS particularly in economic activity data for households and families and also for general demographic purposes In spring 1996 a new approach the household matrix was introduced for the collection of LFS data on household and family structure This method was designed to correctly identify all families within households to provide more detailed information on the composition of families and households and to provide greater flexibility in the analysis of family relationships It has been adopted as the harmonised approach for government surveys as part of an initiative to standa
82. ied cohabiting couples e joint characteristics of children and parents e household level variables counting people with a specified characteristic e household level variables describing the combined characteristics of the members February 2003 23 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data TIPS ON PRODUCING HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY TABLES The following tables are worked examples for producing some household and family analyses ONS intends to further develop this list of examples For further advice please contact the Labour Market Division helpline 020 7533 6094 or the Data Service lfs dataservice ons gov uk 1 Lone parents e These are produced from the household datasets e Select filter on RELHFU 1 head of family unit and FUTYPE 10 or 12 male or female lone parents with dependent children e Tables produced from Quanvert need to be run at the person level E g 1 Lone parents by sex Autumn Sep 2000 to Nov 2000 sex Sex Level person Weighted Filter RELHFU Head of family unit and FUTYPE Male lone parent with dep children Or Female lone par with dep children Thousands Base 1 624 Male 170 Female 1 454 NA DNA Sample size too small for reliable estimate 2 Economic activity status of women mothers with dependent children e These are produced from the person level datasets e Select filter on SEX female RELHFU 1 or 2 head of family unit or wife partner of
83. ions of parental characteristics and cross tabulations of characteristics of both children and parents But note that very small sample sizes are quickly reached by putting together multiple categorisations LFS estimates of less than 10 000 are regarded as based on too small a sample size to be reliable 42 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data It is important to use family unit level variables in relating the characteristics of parents and children Household level variables are not usually appropriate since the children in a household may not be children of the head of the household But there is a complication even in using family unit level data since the LFS definition of a family unit includes any children of the head of the family unit who are never married and without children of their own in the household there is no age restriction So to analyse children of a family unit who are not adults it is necessary to filter on the age or some other suitable indicator variable The two main possibilities are to filter on AGE lt 16 thereby restricting the analysis to children aged under 16 or to filter on CAIND gt 1 thus selecting the child categories this will restrict the analysis to dependent children defined in the LFS as children aged under 16 or those aged 16 to 18 who are never married and in full time education As an example to estimate the number of c
84. istribution by household or family type is important For example analysis of e Lone parents e Couples by economic activity of both partners e People by economic activity by household type e Women by whether married cohabiting and whether dependent children in family For analyses by marital status as mentioned above the individual datasets give different grossed up numbers in married couples there are typically more husbands than wives Therefore although analysis by marital status is not strictly an analysis by household or family type again the household datasets should be used in order to ensure consistency of results The different weighting means that results will differ from the individual datasets therefore the household datasets should also be used where consistency is required with other analyses which have been done on the household datasets Otherwise the individual datasets should be used In particular it is appropriate to do analyses which use the number or ages of dependent or non dependent children in a household as classificatory variables February 2003 19 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data EXCEPTIONS Some exceptions to these rules follow from what has been said above Firstly the household datasets are not available for all quarters therefore if figures are required for quarters not covered by the household series the individual datasets will be the only option
85. itee of the head then the adjusted type of household variable THHADJ is set to a couple household of the corresponding category as regards type of children and whether or not there are other family units This procedure however produced a small number of cases where because of an unusual combination of missing members after adjustment the household type and family type variables were inconsistent These were dealt with by setting either the adjusted household type variable or the adjusted family type variable to not known according to the following procedure If after adjustment household type is lone parent all non dependent children no other family units and family type is one person then set adjusted family type to not known If after adjustment household type is two or more persons all different family units and family type is one person and marital status is married or cohabiting then set adjusted family type to not known If after adjustment household type is lone parent with either non dependent children or other family units with or without dependent children and family type is married cohabiting couple then set adjusted household type to not known If after adjustment household type is two or more persons all different family units and family type is one person or lone parent and marital status is married or cohabiting then set adjusted household type and adjusted family type to not known February 2003 7
86. ld datasets have also appeared in the annual publications Social and Regional Trends and the Social Focus series LABOUR MARKET TRENDS ARTICLES RELATING TO HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY ANALYSES FROM THE LFS Data on household and families from the Labour Force Survey March 1997 Household and family data from the Labour Force Survey recent June 1997 improvements in approach illustrative data Economic activity of working age households September 1997 Workless households unemployment and economic inactivity September 1997 Analysis of household data from the Labour Force Survey August 1998 Production of household datasets from the Labour Force Survey August 1998 Additions to Labour Force Survey household tables September 1998 LFS household data spring 1998 analyses January 1999 Update on Labour Force Survey household datasets May 1999 LFS household data spring 1999 analyses January 2000 LFS household data spring 2000 analyses January 2001 See Volume 1 Background and Methodology of this User Guide for more information on the dissemination and publication of LFS data 30 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data ANNEX A DETAILS OF NEW HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY LEVEL VARIABLES NOTE These household and family level variables are specific to the household datasets The frequency for variables is for all household datasets unless otherwise stated 1 WEIGHT
87. le but they may have relatively large effects on some small subgroups The appropriate treatment of these cases when creating new household or family unit level variables depends on the nature and purpose of each new variable Publication threshold Any category where the estimated number of households or persons or family units whichever is the level at which the variable is defined is less than 10 000 is based on too small a sample to be reliable Care is needed especially when tabulating by several variables together or when creating new variables from several other variables Analysis of parents and children Analyses of parents and children should be done at family unit level since children in a household may not be the children of the household head 28 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data Children in a family unit may be the adult offspring of the head of the family unit Selecting non adults can be done either on the basis of age or by restricting the analysis to dependent children Household type categories distinguish between those containing dependent children and those containing only non dependent children The series showing children in workless households published in the LFS Quarterly Supplement relates to children under 16 so that there is no overlap with the series showing people of working age If a similar analysis showing all dependent children is n
88. lement 1 enter element type a Existing axis name ethnica B Base action t 8 elements taken as they are End of axis ethnica Element 9 enter element type lt rtn gt Enter column headings if any Line 1 lt rtn gt Level fmunit February 2003 45 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data Quanvert then starts processing the second variable Notes i lt rtn gt means just press the Return key ii It is optional to give a title and heading for the new variable but it is strongly advised in order to keep track of the new variables by making them easily identifiable When analysing these variables the level must be set to fmunit unless the analysis is to be of all individual family members in which case the level should be person see below for an example of this If the analysis is to be restricted to couple family units i e to exclude family units with a head and no wife cohabitee then set a filter for the tabulation of relhfu restricted to wife If this is not done the heads of family unit who do not have a wife cohabitee will appear in the tabulation though they will have DNA for the wife s category Next to create the two variables for the husband s and wife s characteristics combining information from two or more existing variables and perhaps combining some categories there are two possible approaches One is to create directly a pair of variables at family
89. ll households according to household type combining together some small similar categories and within each household type category to allocate the unknown households or adults or children in unknown households as appropriate as workless or not in the same proportions as the households or adults or children in them with known economic activity This methodology has been extended to estimate overall levels of all combined household economic activity states e g households with all persons employed households with all persons inactive Adjustment factors for these states are available upon request See Annex E Table A E1 as an example This adjustment method operates at the aggregate level and has only been used for estimating overall levels of workless households and adults and children in workless households It is not suitable for producing adjusted estimates for subgroups This is because there are a great many possible subgroups which could be defined and applying this adjustment methodology would produce adjusted estimates which might well not be consistent over different levels and hierarchies of subgroups and also because for smaller and or more specialised subgroups the numbers of sample households in the smaller household type categories eventually become small enough to cause volatility in the resulting estimates Due to increasing demands for adjusted estimates for subgroups a simple consistent method was developed and is desc
90. llowing criteria there was no recorded head of household or the family unit was of the single person or lone parent type but the head of the family unit was married or cohabiting The adjustment procedure was therefore as follows If type of family unit TYPEFU is one person male lone head of family or female lone head of family and the head of family unit is married or cohabiting then the adjusted type of family unit variable TFUADJ is set to male head of married cohabiting family If type of household is one person and that person is married or cohabiting and is either the head of household or the wife or cohabitee of the head then the adjusted type of household variable THHADJ is set to a couple household with no children and no other family units If type of household TYPEHH is one person and that person is a child of the head of household then the adjusted type of household variable THHADJ is set to a lone parent household with all non dependent children and no other family units If type of household TYPEHH is one person and that person is anything other than the head of household or the wife cohabitee or child of the head then the adjusted type of household variable THHADJ is set to two or more persons all different family units If type of household TYPEHH is one of the lone parent categories and the head of family unit is married or cohabiting and is either the head of household or the wife or cohab
91. looking after a family number of people in the household who are economically inactive but would like to work and are not seeking work for other reasons e number of people the household who are economically inactive and do not want work e number of people in the household whose basic economic activity is not known e combined economic activity of the household a pair of variables defined at the level of the family unit and giving the economic activity of the head of family unit and wife partner to make it easier to analyse the economic activity of married or cohabiting couples e economic activity of the head of the household e economic activity of the wife of the household A detailed description including their derivation of these variables is given in Annex A DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD AND INDIVIDUAL DATASETS Summarising some of the issues discussed above the household datasets differ from the regular quarterly individual level datasets in the following ways For 1992 to 1995 the household datasets include adjusted variables for household and family type which are adjusted for the effects of missing household members during this period and for the marital status coding problem in 1995 For 1996 onwards the individual level datasets give zero weights to individual household members with no economic activity data whereas in the household datasets they are weighted equally with the other household members Th
92. loyed 3 Government employment and training programs 4 Unpaid family worker FREQUENCY From spring 1992 onwards NOTE Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 February 2003 35 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data HNUNEMP Number of people in the household who are unemployed Based on a person satisfying the criteria ECAR 9 Seeking work 10 Temporarily sick 11 holiday 12 Waiting to start new job 13 Waiting for job application results FREQUENCY spring 1990 NOTE Set to unknown 9 for HNDK gt 0 Replaces variable NOUNHH OR Based on a person satisfying the criteria INECACA 5 unemployed FREQUENCY From spring 1992 NOTE Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 HNINACT Number of people in the household who are inactive Based on a person satisfying the criteria ECAR 14 Full time student not working or seeking work 15 Fulltime student seeking but must complete education 16 Other student 17 aged 70 or over woman aged 65 or over 18 Long term sick or disabled 19 Looking after family home 20 Retired 21 Does not want need employment 22 Believes no jobs available 23 Not yet starting looking for employment 24 Other reason not looki
93. me 1 of the User Guide which investigated the characteristics of LFS non respondents using 1991 Census data that young adults in one person households are particularly under represented in the LFS being especially difficult to find at home To compensate for the under representation of young adults those who are in the sample will have a high weighting factor but since they are the ones who have not dropped out they will consist disproportionately of young people in larger households rather than in one person households with the result that one person households will still be under represented in the grossed up household data Equally although the grossed up total numbers of young adults will be correct their distribution by the type of household they live in will be biased Another aspect of the problem is that since individuals in the same household are likely to have different weights the grossing system will produce different grossed up numbers for the two partners in a married or cohabiting couple Similarly a joint distribution of for example heads of household and their spouses can produce quite different numbers depending on whether the basis for grossing up is the head or the spouse It was therefore decided that the LFS datasets produced specifically for analysis at the household and family level should have weighting factors which were the same for all members of a household CALCULATION OF COMMON HOUSEHOLD WEIGHTING FACTORS
94. mployed and inactive categories e For children in lone parent families select filter on RELHFU 1 head of family unit FUTYPE 10 or 12 male or female lone parents with dependent children e cross tabulate ILODEFA by FDPCH19 axis version for table produced from Quanvert Sum as above where the economic activity of the parent is either unemployed or inactive e Sum the number of children from lone parent and couple families where the parents not in employment E g 4 Number of children in workless families 4a Couples Autumn Sep 2000 to Nov 2000 Heahead Economic activity of head of family unit heawife Economic activity of wife of family unit Level person Weighted Filter RELHFU Head of family unit and FUTYPE Married couple with dep children or Cohab couple with dep children In emp ILO Unemp Base loyment loyed Inactive NA DNA Thousands Base 5 776 4 060 136 1 518 62 5 081 3 773 110 1 156 42 Unemployed 190 68 15 105 5 Inactive 367 126 230 s x DNA 138 93 E 27 15 One child Base 2 235 1 647 50 510 x 28 Employed 1 959 1 521 42 378 18 Unemployed 67 27 35 Inactive 149 60 85 NA x 59 38 11 Two children Base 2 505 1 825 53 604 E 23 Employed 2 249 1 709 45 479 17 Unemployed 71 27 39 ia Bi Inactive 130 49 77 NA x x DNA 55 41 s B 26 February 2003 Labour Force Survey
95. n gt And age Enter value or range for age gt 15 Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Enter units if any lt rtn gt At which higher level is hnethbl to be created fmunit hhold Level hhold Quanvert then starts processing the new variable Then the creation of an axis variable based on the numeric variable Command New axis name hethbl Enter overall conditions for this axis if any Filter lt rtn gt Enter titles for this axis if any Title No adults of black ethnic group in household Title lt rtn gt Enter heading for this axis if any Heading hethbl Enter element definitions according to the prompts Element 1 enter element type b Enter conditions for this row if any Filter lt rtn gt Side text base Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 1 defined Element 2 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl 0 Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt 48 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data Side text 0 Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 2 defined Element 3 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl 1 Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Side text 1 Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 3 defined Element 4 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethbl Enter value
96. nalysis to couples of working age Table 8 3 has been done on this basis The simplest way of doing this is to restrict the tabulation to households of working age using HNWKAGE gt 0 making use of the existing variable for the number of persons of working age in the household This will include households where there is someone of pensionable age as well as someone of working age to restrict the analysis only to people of working age use the filter HNPEN 0 i e no people of pensionable age in the household Note that using HNWKAGE gt 0 may include some couples both of pensionable age living in households where there is also an adult of working age though the number of such cases will be small If you need to analyse exactly those couples where at least one partner is of working age then it will be necessary to create a pair of family unit level variables for guidance see Annex B which indicate whether the head and wife respectively of the family unit are of working age and select on both of these variables CREATING NEW HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY LEVEL VARIABLES Many users need to create variables at household and family unit level on topics of particular interest to them but which are not of such widespread interest to other LFS users Annex B gives guidance on how to create some of the commonly needed kinds of variable separate versions are given for users of SPSS and Quanvert software The annex covers e joint characteristics of marr
97. ng 1999 MYEs and 1996 based population control totals and from autumn 1999 1996 based population control totals are used For more information on the regrossing see Labour Market Trends February 2000 The following table 5 1 presents the effect of regrossing the household datasets on spring 1997 to spring 1999 analyses for households by combined economic activity of households While the numbers of households increased due to regrossing the rise in numbers of working age households was greater The proportions of work rich households increased by an average of 0 3 per cent across the three spring quarters The numbers and proportions of workless households and of working age people and Elliot D 1997 Software to weight and gross survey data GSS Methodology Series No 1 ONS 12 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data children in workless households decreased although the effect was slightly greater for children in workless households Between spring 1997 and 1999 the average fall in the proportion of children in workless households was 0 3 percentage points Table 5 1 Comparison of regrossed and pre regrossed analyses of households by combined economic activity of Household United Kingdom spring 1997 2000 All Working age Children All working age Work rich Workless in workless in workless households households households households households households Thousand
98. ng for employment 25 reason given not looking for employment FREQUENCY spring 1990 NOTE Set to unknown 9 for HNDK gt 0 Replaces variable NOEIHH OR Based on a person satisfying the criteria INECACA 6 Inactive seeking unavailable student 7 Inactive seeking unavailable looking after family home 8 Inactive seeking unavailable temporarily sick or injured 9 Inactive seeking unavailable long term sick or disabled 10 Inactive seeking unavailable other reason 11 Inactive seeking unavailable no reason given 12 Inactive not seeking would like work waiting results of job application 13 Inactive not seeking would like work student 14 Inactive not seeking would like work looking after family home 15 Inactive not seeking would like work temporarily sick or injured 16 Inactive not seeking would like work long term sick or disabled 17 Inactive not seeking would like work believes no job available 36 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data 18 Inactive not seeking would like work not started looking 19 Inactive not seeking would like work not looked 20 Inactive not seeking would like work no reason 21 Inactive not seeking not like work waiting results of job application 22 Inactive not seeking not like work student 23 Inactive not seeking not like work looking after family home 24 Inactive not seekin
99. nt children and a larger proportion of couples with no children as well as of couples with all non dependent children Table 5 2 Comparison of the distribution of household types produced from using the old individual level and new household level weights United Kingdom spring 1993 and 2000 Old individual New household level weight level weight Diff Type of household Thousands Per Thousands Per pts cent Cent Spring 2000 One person 7 101 28 2 6 993 28 5 0 3 Two or more people all different family units 645 2 6 749 3 1 0 5 Couple no children no other family units 6 930 27 5 6 792 27 7 0 2 Couple no children other family units 193 0 8 214 0 9 0 1 Couple all dependent children no other family units 5 370 21 3 4 891 19 9 1 4 Couple dependent non dependent children no other family units 659 2 6 684 2 8 0 2 Couple all non dependent children no other family units 1 408 5 6 1 559 6 3 0 8 Couple children other family units 186 0 7 190 0 8 0 0 Lone parent all dependent children no other family units 1 576 6 3 1 304 5 3 0 9 Lone parent dependent and non dependent children no other family 182 0 7 172 0 7 0 0 units Lone parent all non dependent children no other family units 646 2 6 694 2 8 0 3 Lone parent other family units 109 0 4 107 0 4 0 0 Other 197 0 8 205 0 8 0 1 All household types 25 202 100 24 554 100 Spring 1993 One person 6 518 27 4 6 258 26 5 1 0 Two or more people all different family units 530 2 2
100. oduced from the household datasets e For Quanvert analyses only as FDPCH19 is a numeric variable this needs to be re created as an axis variable with the required categories and labels in order to produce a cross tabulation e Select filter on AGE lt 19 and cross tabulate FUTYPE by FDPCH19 axis version for table produced from Quanvert and run at the person level e tis preferable to use 19 as this is the derived variable rather than CAIND Table 3 Number of children in family by family type Autumn Sep 2000 to Nov 2000 futype Type of family unit Level person Weighted Filter AGE 19 0 All families None Base 14 229 457 1 person male 66 43 1 person female 72 52 Same sex family unit S Married couple with no children e Married couple non dep children only 226 226 Married couple with dep children 9 598 Cohab couple with no children 26 26 Cohab couple with non dep children only 20 20 Cohab couple with dep children 1 350 Male lone parent with dep children 275 Male lone par with non dep children only 26 26 Female lone par with dep children 2 504 Female lone non dep chldren only 61 61 NA DNA Also includes foster children and others who are counted as separate family units Sample size too small for reliable estimate No of dependent children 1to4 5 or more Other Thousands 13 406 365 23 20 9 329 269 1 321 29 2 273 B x
101. on of working age will need to be divided into those with no one of pensionable age which will be given an adjustment factor of one and those with one or more people of pensionable age which will be given the adjustment factor for households with more than one adult as described in the previous paragraph NB Subgroups defined in terms of household size further analysed by another variable such as region i e variables which would have previously been associated with the general method should be presented as unadjusted due to the issues raised in the above General method section Adjustment factors For the convenience of users the adjustment factors for all the household datasets produced to date for workless households and working age adults and children under 16 in workless households have been calculated and are given in Tables A E2 1 2 3 which follow Methodological development for the treatment of households with unknown economic activity The household datasets are increasingly being used for more complex analyses of the combined household economic activity status at both the household and family level Consequently there is increasing demand for a more robust and all encompassing method than the adjustment factor approach for compensating for households with unknown economic activity In consultation with users a project is being conducted into the feasibility of using imputation to overcome the problems caused by household
102. or example the relationship to head of household variable has been extended from 10 to 21 categories and the more detailed categories for household and family type distinguish between married and cohabiting couples and between families with no children non dependent children only or dependent children with or without non dependent children More details of the old and new variables are given in Volume 3 of this User Guide HOUSEHOLD REFERENCE PERSON From spring 2001 the LFS is switching from using Head of Household HOH to Household Reference Person HRP in line with all other ONS household surveys HOH and HRP are derived in different ways At present the majority of heads of a household are male This is because the HOH is defined to be the male in a couple or where more than one person has equal claim to be HOH and they are of opposite sex The HRP will take into account accommodation ownership rental income and age in order to identify the HRP see Volume 3 of this User Guide for more details Data on HRP have been collected since spring 2000 enabling comparisons to be made between the two definitions Overall in around 1096 of households the HOH and HRP are different people In over 9096 of such cases the HRP is the spouse or cohabitee of the HOH and therefore the vast majority of changes are from male to female Also HRPs tend to be slightly younger than HOHs Information on HOH will continue to be collected However HRP will be u
103. or range for hnethbl 2 Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Side text 2 Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 4 defined Element 5 enter element type r Enter conditions for this row if any Filter hnethbl Enter value or range for hnethbl gt 2 Or lt rtn gt And lt rtn gt Side text 3 Enter any options lt rtn gt Element 5 defined Element 6 enter element type lt rtn gt Enter column headings if any Line 1 lt rtn gt Quanvert then starts processing the new variable Or it is possible in a similar way to create an axis variable which simply describes whether or not there are any people with the specified characteristic s in the household by letting the numeric variable take the values 0 or gt 0 Household level variables describing the combined characteristics of the members The count variables described above can also be used to construct household level variables which describe the combined characteristics of the members in a similar way to the combined household economic activity variable HEACOMB which is already available in the household datasets For example suppose we have a set of count variables similar to HNETHBL the number of black adults used as an example above but for each category of ETHNICA so that there are also variables HNETHWH for the number of white adults HNETHIN for Indians and so on Then these can be used to create a variable for the combined ethnic group category of the
104. or want job 27 nactive not seeking not like work retired 28 Inactive not seeking not like work other reason 29 Inactive not seeking not like work no reason given FREQUENCY From spring 1992 NOTE Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 February 2003 39 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data 5 FAMILY UNIT VARIABLES HEAHEAD Economic activity of the head of the family unit 1 Employed 2 Unemployed 3 Inactive NOTE Set to unknown 9 for ECAR 9 for spring 1990 THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or INECACA 9 from spring 1996 Can take the value 0 if head of family unit is less than 16 years old as can be the case for foster children HEAWIFE Economic activity of the wife of the family unit 1 Employed 2 Unemployed 3 lnactive NOTE Set to unknown 9 for ECAR 9 for spring 1990 THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or INECACA 9 from spring 1996 This variable is only coded where wife partner of head of family unit is present 40 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data ANNEX GUIDANCE ON CREATING HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY UNIT LEVEL VARIABLES SPSS version Joint characteristics of married cohabiting couple
105. oring effects on low income households or families However benefit income is significant in the relevant subgroup so data on earnings alone would not be helpful The Family Resources Survey FRS or the Family Expenditure Survey FES would be a more appropriate source The other potential use would be to analyse simultaneously the earnings of couples looking jointly at the earnings of husbands and wives The benefits of this appear to be small relative to the costs 20 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SECTION 8 ANALYSES AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL ANALYSES AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL ONLY Many analyses at household level are simplified by being able to make use of the new household level variables on the household datasets making production of tables a simple matter of defining frequency distributions or cross tabulations For any analysis at household level only it is necessary first to select one person from each household except for Quanvert users Usually the simplest way of doing this is to select the head of household i e select RELTOHOH 1 for spring 1990 RELHOH 1 for spring 1996 For spring 1996 when both RELHOH and RELH96 are available RELHOH is preferred for this purpose or RELH96 0 from autumn 1996 to autumn 2000 NB From spring 2001 use the relationship to household reference person variable RELHRP see Section 4 for more details However for t
106. ory which invariably contains only one adult defined as person over 16 is that of one person households Lone person households may contain non dependent children who while they are the never married offspring i e children of the lone February 2003 57 parent are not children in age since they are aged over 16 Even households containing only dependent children may include some who are over 16 since dependent children include as well as children under 16 those aged 16 to 18 who are in full time education Thus of the categories of households in Table A E1 only in the first category is it theoretically impossible to find households with unknown economic activity And even here there is a very small number of such technically impossible cases in the table however these arise from 2 sample persons out of some 150 000 and make a negligible difference to the estimates so their effect may reasonably be ignored If a subgroup is defined in terms of the number of adults of working age i e those aged 16 to 59 for women or 64 for men the situation is more complicated because there are some working age households with only one adult of working age which also include one or more adults of pensionable age It is possible for such a household to have unknown economic activity so it is not appropriate to assign to all workless households with one person of working age an adjustment factor of one The category of households with one pers
107. otal all household types 1 0197 1 0185 1 0201 1 0206 1 0180 1 0216 1 0330 1 0356 1 0383 1 0386 1 0404 1 0403 1 0422 1 0380 1 0397 1 0453 Workless households with one adult 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 Workless households with more than one adult 1 0376 1 0340 1 0373 1 0397 1 0361 1 0439 1 0686 1 0743 1 0793 1 0810 1 0852 1 0877 1 0909 1 0838 1 0859 1 0978 A workless household is a household with at least one person of working age where no one is in employment The household type variable used for spring 1990 is THHADJ for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 and HHTYPE for spring 1996 onwards Adjustments factors from Autumn 1998 to Autumn 2001 based on re grossed data Table A E2 1 Adjustment of estimates of workless households UK spring 1990 spring 1992 to spring 2002 autumn 1995 to autumn 2002 cont d from previous page Codes of grouped household type categories Adjustment factors spr 1990 spr 1992 to spr 1996 spr aut spr aut aut 1995 onwards 2001 2001 2002 2002 Household type 1 person 1 1 1 0003 1 0001 1 0002 1 0003 2 or more persons all different family units 2 2 1 5011 1 4920 1 4485 1 6321 Couple no children no other family units 3 3 4 1 0353 1 0392 1 0448 1 0409 Couple no children other family units 4 5 1 2128 1 2038 1 2594 1 3125 Couple all dependent children no other family 5 6 7 1 0309 1 0292 1 0296 1
108. ousehold type categories Adjustment factors spr 1990 spr 1992 to spr 1996 spr spr spr spr spr aut spr aut spr aut spr aut spr aut spr aut aut 1995 onwards 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 Household type 1 person 1 1 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0004 1 0005 1 0000 1 0000 1 0002 1 0001 1 0004 1 0000 1 0003 1 0002 2 or more persons all different family units 2 2 1 2691 1 0284 1 0373 1 0403 1 0459 1 0560 1 5096 1 6616 1 5249 1 6217 1 6220 1 7116 1 7056 1 6881 1 6061 1 8349 Couple no children no other family units 3 3 4 1 0150 1 0249 1 0229 1 0275 1 0196 1 0243 1 0240 1 0315 1 0355 1 0385 1 0357 1 0386 1 0403 1 0407 1 0382 1 0373 Couple no children other family units 4 5 1 1649 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 2484 1 2405 1 2758 1 2751 1 3965 1 3138 1 3392 1 3455 1 2858 1 4121 Couple all dependent children no other family 5 6 7 1 0099 1 0089 1 0116 1 0121 1 0112 1 0131 1 0184 1 0221 1 0272 1 0265 1 0266 1 0255 1 0286 1 0266 1 0294 1 0285 units Couple dependent amp non dependent children 6 8 9 1 0349 1 0195 1 0310 1 0209 1 0189 1 0181 1 0351 1 0569 1 0528 1 0612 1 0495 1 0630 1 0663 1 0728 1 0710 1 0726 no other family units Couple all non dependent children no other 7 10 11 1 0479 1 0276 1 0307 1 0227 1 0150 1 0204 1 0683 1 0746 1 1041 1 0973 1 0972 1 0812 1 1032 1 1076 1 1139 1 1075 family units Couple children other family units 8 10 12 14 1 0798 1 0922 1 0817 1 0316 1 0963 1 0847
109. present If we take as a starting point the economic activity distributions of complete households of the relevant types and assume that in two thirds of the households in the employed plus inactive unemployed category the remaining spouse is inactive unemployed the overall percentage of workless households for those with genuinely missing members is estimated to have been about 27 in 1997 With an adjusted household type however these households would have been given an unstated economic activity category and would therefore have been assumed to be distributed as for households with known economic activity of the same household type for the purpose of estimating the overall percentage of workless households adjusted for unknown cases The percentage of workless couple households is about 12 some 15 percentage points less than the estimated average level for the genuine missing members households so that the possible effect of this problem would be to decrease the estimated level of workless households by 0 5 x 0 15 percentage points or 0 07 percentage points ii Some cases of missing household members would not have been identified by the internal inconsistency criteria Comparing the percentages of households with unknown economic activity for 1995 and 1996 suggests that about 1 percent of households may be unidentified cases of missing members in 1992 to 1995 The most probable types of households to be involved viz missing flat sharers
110. r children are treated as separate family units to their foster parents The foster child is considered to be a child of the head of the household HoH and included in the number of dependent children in the household but not in the number of dependent children in the HoH s family unit Also the foster child will not be recorded in variables identifying the number of dependent children in his or her own family unit EXTENDED FAMILY An extended family includes all people within a household who are related in some way partners parents children grandparents grandchildren brothers and sisters relatives by marriage guardians and other relatives 2 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SAME SEX COUPLES In spring 1996 categories identifying same sex cohabiting couples were included in the new household type household composition and family type variables though only recorded as such if the information was volunteered However the family type variable identifies same sex cohabitees as separate family units The family type variable does not identify whether children are present in same sex families and thus if any are present they will not be counted in the variables identifying numbers of children in families February 2003 3 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SECTION 3 ADJUSTMENTS FOR INCONSISTENCIES AND DISCONTINUITIES Because th
111. rdise questions and introduce common classifications definitions and standards for government social surveys In the household matrix approach information is obtained on the relationship between each pair of household members and a matrix of relationships is produced from which the number and composition of families and households can be derived automatically Previously only relationships to the head of household were recorded and interviewers allocated individuals to family units according to their own judgement Since this approach requires that certain basic data are recorded for all members of the household and people with no economic activity data are still included in the household matrix and hence in the derivation of the family and household types it has the additional advantage of eliminating from spring 1996 onwards the problem of missing members described in the previous section The few cases remaining with an apparent discrepancy between family type and marital cohabitational status are confirmed by a check question to be genuine cases where the partner has been living away from the residence for more than six months The household matrix approach collects more information than before The matrix records marital status cohabitation including same sex cohabitees whether children are dependent or non dependent step foster or natural As a result some new variables were introduced from spring 1996 and some revised F
112. re adults with no children 955 964 903 18 3 or more adults with one or more children 16 21 21 Total 3 699 3 726 3 779 For the household type variable TYPEHH 845 cases were affected in spring 1992 406 in spring 1993 and 348 in spring 1994 For the three age of child variables affected a number of cases had an incorrect value of zero When corrected these cases were allocated across all ages of children Table 3 2 below shows the number of cases affected Table 3 2 Number of cases affected in each quarter Spring 1992 Spring 1993 Spring 1994 AOFL16 327 286 240 AOFL19 326 286 233 AYFL19 321 285 245 MISSING HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS Even after the amendments described above to correct for family unit allocation the quarterly LFS family unit data were not directly comparable with the corresponding annual LFS data This is chiefly because as described above in the annual survey records were maintained of partial incomplete interviews whereas in the quarterly survey it was decided that if no information was given to key questions then the interview for that person should be treated as an outright refusal However the algorithms for deriving family and household type which continued to be used in these new circumstances now ignored any person for whom there were no data If the ignored person were married or cohabiting the other partner would be classified either as a single person family unit or as a lone parent depending on whether
113. ribed in Annex E This annex also describes the on going methodological work to improve the treatment of households with unknown economic activity Analysis of individuals and families There is no adjustment procedure for the analysis of individuals e g women s economic activity status by number of dependent children or families e g economic activity status of couples Figures are presented unadjusted and percentages are based on totals excluding cases with unknown economic activity For example the proportion of couples where both partners were in work in spring 2000 was 63 796 and is calculated as follows Data in thousands No of couples both partners Total no of working age couples couples with unknown economic activity x 100 in work 7 550 12 338 487 x 100 February 2003 29 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data SECTION 9 PUBLICATION OF LFS HOUSEHOLD DATA REGULAR PUBLICATION OF LFS HOUSEHOLD DATA LFS Quarterly Supplement updated biannually with spring or autumn household data LFS Historical Supplement generally updated annually with spring household data StatBase updated annually with spring household data Labour Market Trends pink pages updates for spring or autumn household data are published biannually Biannual press release presenting the latest figures for key series from the LFS household datasets Analyses from the househo
114. s For looking at the characteristics of husbands and wives or cohabitees together the simplest approach is to create two variables at family unit level one holding the characteristic of the husband and the other holding that of the wife similar to the variables HEAHEAD and HEAWIFE which have already been created for the broad economic activity of husbands and wives These pairs of variables can then be cross tabulated at family unit level to give the joint distribution of husbands and wives or further cross tabulated and or selected for more elaborate analyses First to create the two variables for the husband s and wife s characteristics based on an existing variable the procedure is shown below using the existing variable for the ethnic group in broad groupings ETHNICA The variables created are ETHHEAD for the ethnic group of the head of family unit and ETHWIFE for the ethnic group of the wife cohabitee of the head of family unit both have the same categories as ETHNICA GET FILE hhmm98 sav KEEP RELHFU ETHNICA FUSERIAL COMPUTE ETHHEAD 9 SELECT IF RELHFU EQ 1 IF ETHNICA EQ 0 ETHHEAD 0 IF ETHNICA EQ 1 ETHHEAD 1 IF ETHNICA EQ 2 ETHHEAD 2 IF ETHNICA EQ 3 ETHHEAD 3 IF ETHNICA EQ 4 ETHHEAD 4 SORT CASES BY FUSERIAL SAVE OUTFILE mm98head sav GET FILE hhmm98 sav KEEP RELHFU ETHNICA FUSERIAL COMPUTE ETHWIFE 9 SELECT IF RELHFU EQ 2 IF ETHNICA 0 ETHWIFE O IF ETHNICA EQ 1 ETHWIF
115. s Spring 1997 24 100 18 309 9 986 3 271 4 719 2 163 Old Spring 1997 24 046 18 229 9 897 3 281 4 732 2 215 Difference 54 80 88 10 12 52 Spring 1998 24 285 18 480 10 227 3 237 4 634 2 156 Old Spring 1998 24 209 18 380 10 109 3 253 4 651 2 226 Difference 76 100 117 15 17 69 Spring 1999 24 383 18 530 10 376 3 156 4 488 2 087 Old Spring 1999 24 309 18 425 10 253 3 175 4 511 2 170 Difference 74 104 122 20 23 83 Spring 2000 24 554 18 663 10 693 3 066 4 318 1 907 Per cent Spring 1997 100 100 54 5 17 9 13 2 17 9 Old Spring 1997 100 100 54 3 18 0 13 3 18 2 Difference 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 Spring 1998 100 100 55 3 17 5 12 9 17 9 Old Spring 1998 100 100 55 0 17 7 13 0 18 2 Difference 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 3 Spring 1999 100 100 56 0 17 0 12 4 17 3 Old Spring 1999 100 100 55 6 17 2 12 6 17 6 Difference 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 3 Spring 2000 100 100 57 3 16 4 11 9 15 8 Adjusted to include estimates for households with unknown economic activity See Section 8 for more details Aworkless household is a household with at least one person of working age where no one is in employment For more definitions see Section 2 Working age refers to men between the ages of 16 and 64 and women between 16 and 59 Children refers to all children under 16 TREATMENT OF MISSING MEMBERS As noted in Section 3 above during the period 1992 to 1995 individuals for whom no data were gathered in otherwise responding households were excluded from the data
116. s with unknown economic activity If a satisfactory basis can be found for imputing the economic activity status of the unknown individuals this will enable the combined activity of all households to be described thereby removing the need for the current adjustment procedure Users will be informed of the outcome of the project 58 February 2003 Table A E2 1 Adjustment of estimates of workless households UK spring 1990 spring 1992 to spring 2002 autumn 1995 to autumn 2002 cont d on next page Codes of grouped household type categories Adjustment factors spr 1990 spr 1992 to spr 1996 spr spr spr spr spr aut spr aut spr aut spr aut spr aut spr aut aut 1995 onwards 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 Household type 1 person 1 1 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0004 1 0005 1 0000 1 0000 1 0002 1 0001 1 0004 1 0000 1 0003 1 0002 2 or more persons all different family units 2 2 1 1861 1 0595 1 0818 1 0885 1 1010 1 1214 1 3802 1 4724 1 4106 1 4534 1 4757 1 5062 1 5095 1 5032 1 4670 1 6174 Couple no children no other family units 3 3 4 1 0150 1 0460 1 0422 1 0509 1 0363 1 0450 1 0227 1 0300 1 0345 1 0371 1 0347 1 0372 1 0389 1 0394 1 0368 1 0366 Couple no children other family units 4 5 1 1139 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 0000 1 1777 1 1812 1 2043 1 2028 1 2674 1 2118 1 2277 1 2451 1 2172 1 2664 Couple all dependent children no other family 5 6 7 1 0099 1 0162 1 0208 1 02
117. sed instead of HOH in creating a number of derived variables such as RELH96 relationship to head of household and CAIND child adult indicator Variables derived from RELH96 and CAIND will also be affected Analyses which have previously been based on these variables may change slightly due to the new definition Also if analyses which had previously been done by HOH switch to using HRP results may differ For 1 GSS Harmonised Concepts and Questions for Government Social Surveys ONS 1996 February 2003 9 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data example table 4 1 below shows percentage changes in the numbers of workless and work rich households by ethnicity of the HOH compared to HRP for spring 2000 Table 4 1 Percentage changes in the numbers of workless and work rich households by ethnicity of the HOH compared to HRP United Kingdom spring 2000 Percentage change HRP Workless Work rich All over HOH households households households White 0 12 0 08 0 09 Black Caribbean 0 06 6 61 4 24 Black African 0 00 8 91 3 57 Other Black 6 12 2 96 6 92 Indian 1 27 0 92 0 17 Pakistani Bangladeshi 0 92 3 31 1 33 Chinese 0 00 3 71 5 35 Other 1 78 3 10 0 23 Users are advised to use the relationship to HRP variable RELHRP However RELH96 will still be available when it is important to produce a consistent time series of analyses of the HOH Household level analyses
118. sets The adjustment procedure described in Section 3 has where possible changed the household and family type variables for households affected by this problem but it was not possible to make any adjustment for the missing members in the grossing procedure The weighting factors for these households may therefore be slightly different from what they would have been if data for the missing member had been available As noted in Section 4 above from 1996 onwards individuals for whom no data on economic activity were gathered were still included in the household matrix and used in the derivation of household and family type variables In the individual level LFS datasets these individuals are zero weighted i e they are ignored in grossing up to population level estimates However for analyses at household and family level these individuals need to be retained in their correct place within the household structure They have therefore been included in their households for the grossing procedure for the household datasets and have the same weight as the other household members This means that there will be some not February 2003 13 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data known cases in any grossed analysis of economic activity variables using the household datasets at either the individual family or household level This reinforces the recommendation that the regular quarterly person level datasets b
119. t seeking would like work looking after family home FREQUENCY From spring 1992 NOTE Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 HNIWOTH Number of people in the household who are inactive for other reasons but would like to work Based on a person satisfying the criteria INECACA 10 Inactive seeking unavailable other reason 11 Inactive seeking unavailable no reason given 12 Inactive not seeking would like work waiting results of job application 18 Inactive not seeking would like work not started looking 19 Inactive not seeking would like work not looked 20 Inactive not seeking would like work no reason FREQUENCY From spring 1992 NOTE Set to unknown 9 if THHADJ or TFUADJ unknown 9 or HHCHANGE or FUCHANGE 1 for spring 1992 to autumn 1995 or HNDK gt 0 from spring 1996 HNINOWK Number of people in the household who are inactive and do not want to work Based on a person satisfying the criteria INECACA 21 Inactive not seeking not like work waiting results of job application 22 Inactive not seeking not like work student 23 Inactive not seeking not like work looking after family home 24 Inactive not seeking not like work temporarily sick or injured 25 Inactive not seeking not like work long term sick or disabled 26 Inactive not seeking not like work not need
120. to those for the 1992 to 1995 period and smaller than those for 1996 onwards It is likely that the percentage of unknowns would have been smaller in 1990 than later because of fewer flat sharing households and larger households in general but the size of the difference suggests that there may also have been some element of missing household members 52 February 2003 Labour Force Survey User Guide Volume 8 Household and Family Data If so the most likely people to be missed would be unrelated household members and the same arguments as in ii above apply and the problem is assessed to have a negligible effect Residual data problems It is possible that there still exist some problems arising from errors in the recording of family and household structure during the period before these data were expected to be used for analysis However in view of the extensive analyses of household and family structure which have been undertaken in the course of producing the household datasets it seems unlikely that any major problems could have escaped detection Summary of possible effects The total estimated effect of possible residual problems is an underestimation of the percentage of workless households of up to 0 07 percentage points during the period 1992 to 1995 A difference of this level could in some cases tip the rounding of published figures which are usually to one decimal point but would be unlikely to affect any inferences
121. uarters per year spring and autumn would be satisfactory The following is a summary of the series of available household datasets Spring 1990 Spring 1992 Spring 1993 Spring 1994 Spring and autumn quarters from 1995 onwards VARIABLES IN THE HOUSEHOLD DATASETS The household datasets include all the usual variables found in the individual level LFS datasets with the exception of those relating to income which are not asked in all quarters and have a separate individual level weighting procedure and so are only suitable for analysis at individual level There are also substantial additions As well as the family and household variables which have been produced in the past and which will continue to be included in the household datasets in future there are several groups of new variables which are now being produced to assist users in producing household and family level analyses These fall into five groups i variables giving the household weight and household and family unit identifiers ii variables giving the adjusted household and family type categories as described in Section 3 iii variables giving the numbers of people in the household for various age groups which are of importance in analysis of the labour market characteristics of the household e number of people of working age i e 16 to 59 for women 16 to 64 for men in the household e number of people over working age the household e number of children
122. xample the proportion of workless households in Wales in spring 2000 was 21 9 and is calculated as follows Data in thousands No of workless hhids in Total no of working age hhlds in Wales hhlds with unknown economic activity x 100 Wales 191 904 30 x 100 Method for household type categories The method for adjusting subgroups defined in terms of one or more specific household types is as follows For each specified household type apply the adjustment factor which has been obtained for that household type for the UK as a whole for the appropriate dataset For example if we require the adjusted estimate of workless households which are lone parent households with dependent children only and no other family units for spring 2000 the adjustment factor is 1 0017 taking the data from the appropriate row of Table A E1 for that household type Data in thousands 641 97 11 532 1 0017 If an adjusted estimate is required for a household type which is grouped together with other household types in Table A E1 then the proposed method is to apply the adjustment factor derived from the appropriate group of household types For example if we require the adjusted estimate of workless households which are cohabiting couple households with dependent children only and no other family units for spring 2000 the adjustment factor is 1 0300 taking the data from the appropriate row of Table A E1 for couple households with dependent c

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