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PBS Pro User Guide

1. Server Name of Server on which queue exists 5 2 4 xpbs Jobs Panel The Jobs panel is composed of a leading horizontal JOBS bar a listbox and a set of com mand buttons The JOBS bar lists the queues that are consulted when listing jobs the bar also contains a minimize maximize button for displaying or iconizing the Jobs region The listbox displays information about jobs that are found in the queue s selected from the Queues listbox each listbox entry is meant to be selected highlighted via a single lt left mouse button gt click lt shift key gt plus lt left mouse button gt click for contiguous selection or lt cntrl key gt plus lt left mouse button gt click for non contiguous selection The region just above the Jobs listbox shows a collection of command buttons whose labels describe criteria used for filtering the Jobs listbox contents The list of jobs can be selected according to the owner of jobs Owners job state Job_States name of the job Job_Name type of hold placed on the job Hold_Types the account name associated with the job Account_Name checkpoint attribute Checkpoint time the job is eligible for queueing execution Queue_Time resources requested by the job Resources prior ity attached to the job Priority and whether or not the job is rerunnable Rerunnable The selection criteria can be modified by clicking on any of the appropriate command but tons to bring up a selection b
2. scssssscsccssscsssssssscsccccsesssscssscsess xi 1 Introduction seesossesessesessoesessossesossossesossossessossesossossse 1 Book organization sesseeessseesseessessersseressseessressres 1 What 1s PBS Pro nie taor e ecreis 2 History OF PBS radnoga nnen ssi 3 Why Use PBS Provan ee oat weed 4 About Veridiana ocssien dee aoe etd eas ecadend ste etie 6 2 Concepts and Terms cccoccssssssssrccsrssssssessssssssscees 7 PBS Components jvc ninisi a i 8 Defining PBS TermSs eeeeeeeeeeeeseeesesrrererrersersrse 9 3 Getting Started With PBS essoesssesssocssocesoocssosessee 15 New Features in PBS Pro 5 1 aeeessseessseesses 15 Introducing PBS Pro chccais ai tees ene 16 The Two Faces of PBS CLI vs GUI 16 User s PBS Environment cece eeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeee 17 Environment Variables c ceescceesseceesteeeesteeees 18 4 Submitting a PBS JOb ssesssesssccssocesocesoosesoeessecssooee 21 A Sample PBS Job itss uernine eee eee 21 Creating a PBS JOD ssc csicci codes cesetssat ts ccpteedenestenzess 22 Submitting a PBS JOD eeeeeeseeeesteeeenteeeenee 22 How PBS Parses a Job Script eeceeeeseeeseeeeeeeees 24 User Authorization iciccsctianwiunu ican 24 PBS System Resources ices us sata eendesdeiietined 24 Job Submission Options cccceeecceesseceesseeeesteeees 28 Node Specification Syntax eseesseeeeeceeeeeee 38 5 Using the xpbs GUL essoessscsssecssocesocsssoces
3. CputUse Amount of CPU time used WalltUse Amount of wall clock time used S State of job Queue Queue in which job resides 5 2 5 xpbs Info Panel The Info panel shows the progress of the commands executed by xpbs Any errors are written to this area The INFO panel also contains a minimize maximize button for dis playing or iconizing the Info panel 5 3 xpbs Keyboard Tips There are a number of shortcuts and key sequences that can be used to speed up using xpbs These include Tip 1 All buttons which appear to be depressed into the dialog box sub window can be activated by pressing the return enter key Tip 2 Pressing the tab key will move the blinking cursor from one text 48 Chapter 5 Using the xpbs GUI Tip 3 Tip 4 field to another To contiguously select more than one entry click lt left mouse button gt then drag the mouse across multiple entries To non contiguously select more than one entry hold the lt cntrl key gt while clicking the lt left mouse button gt on the desired entries 5 4 Setting xpbs Preferences In the Menu Bar at the top of the main xpbs window is the Preferences button Clicking it will bring up a dialog box that allows you to customize the behavior of xpbs 1 2 3 4 Define server hosts to query Select wait timeout in seconds Specify which xterm command to use Specify which rsh ssh command to use 5 5 Relationship Between PBS and xpb
4. Intended Audience PBS Pro is the professional workload management system from Veridian that provides a unified queuing and job management interface to a set of computing resources This docu ment provides the user with the information required to use the Portable Batch System PBS including creating submitting and manipulating batch jobs querying status of jobs queues and systems and otherwise making effective use of the computer resources under the control of PBS Related Documents The following publications contain information that may also be useful to the user of PBS PBS 3BA01 PBS Administrator Guide provides the system administrator with information required to install configure and manage PBS as well as a through discussion of how the various components of PBS interoperate PBS 3BE01 PBS External Reference Specification discusses in detail the PBS application programming interface API security within PBS and intra daemon communication x Preface Ordering Software and Publications To order additional copies of this and other PBS publications or to purchase additional software licenses contact the PBS Products Department of Veridian Full contact infor mation is included on the copyright page of this document Document Conventions PBS documentation uses the following typographic conventions abbreviation command input manpage x terms If a PBS command can be abbreviated such as sub co
5. o qstat u barry Req d Elap Job ID User Queue Jobname Sess NDS TSK Mem Time S Time 51 south barry w rkq airfoil 930 lt 1 2 13 R 0 01 54 south barry workq airfoil Sa 4 qalter 1 walltime 20 00 N twinkie 54 qstat a 54 Req d Elap Job ID User Queue Jobname DS TSK Mem Time S Time 54 south barry workq twinkie 0 20 Q To alter a job attribute via xpbs first select the job s of interest and the click on modify button Doing so will bring up the Modify Job Attributes dialog box From this window you may set the new values for any attribute you are permitted to change Then click on the confirm modify button at the lower left of the widow 7 2 Deleting Jobs PBS provides the qdel command for deleting jobs from the system The qde1 command deletes jobs in the order in which their job identifiers are presented to the command A job that has been deleted is no longer subject to management by PBS A batch job may be deleted by its owner the batch operator or the batch administrator PBS Pro 5 1 User Guide qdel 17 To delete a job using xpbs first select the job s of interest then click the delete button 79 7 3 Holding and Releasing Jobs PBS provides a pair of commands to hold and release jobs To hold a job is to mark it as ineligible to run until the hold on the job is released The qhold command requests that a server place one or more holds on a job A
6. user _name host user_name host Host names are not required and may be wild carded on the left end e g xk pbspro com user_name without a host is equivalent to user_name that is at any host qstat u james Req d Elap Job ID User Queue Jobname Sess NDS TSK Mem Time 16 south james workgq aimsl14 18 south james workgq aimsl14 52 south james workq subrun qstat u Jjames barry 51 south barry workq airfoil 52 south james workq subrun 54 south barry workq airfoil 6 1 7 List Running Jobs The r option to qst at displays the status of all running jobs at the optionally speci fied PBS Server Running jobs include those that are running and suspended One line of output is generated for each job reported and the information is presented in the alterna tive display 6 1 8 List Non Running Jobs The i option to qstat displays the status of all non running jobs at the optionally specified PBS Server Non running jobs include those that are queued held and waiting One line of output is generated for each job reported and the information is presented in the alternative display see description above 66 Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status 6 1 9 Display Size in Gigabytes The G option to gst at displays all jobs at the requested or default Server using the alternative display showing all size information in gi
7. To send a signal to a job using xpbs first select the job s of interest then click the signal button Doing so will launch the Signal Running Job dialog box shown below From this window you may click on any of the common signals or you may enter the sig nal number or signal name you wish to send to the job Click the Signal button to complete the process 7 6 Changing Order of Jobs Within Queue PBS provides the qorder command to change the order or reorder two jobs To order 84 Chapter 7 Working With PBS Jobs two jobs is to exchange the jobs positions in the queue or queues in which the jobs resides The two jobs must be located at the same server and both jobs must be owned by the user No attribute of the job such as priority is changed The impact of changing the order within the queue s is dependent on local job scheduling policy contact your sys tems administrator for details for details Important A job in the running state cannot be reordered Usage of the gorder command is gorder job_identifier job_identifier Both operands are job_identifiers which specify the jobs to be exchanged qstat u barry Req d Elap TSK Mem Time S Time Job ID User Queue Jobname workq twinkie oe 0220 workgq airfoil b saari 54 south barry 63 south barry qorder 54 63 qstat u barry Req d Job Il User Queue Jobname Mem Time 63 s0 54 s0 th barry th b
8. When the job exits PBS will determine that tmp foo is a directory and append stardust to it Thus tmp foo stardust will be deleted If however the user wishes to stage in the contents of a directory named cat and gives the following stage in directive W stagein tmp dog newcat mars cat where tmp dog is an existing directory then at job end PBS will determine that tmp dog newcat is a directory and append cat and then fail on the attempt to delete tmp dog newcat cat On stage in when remot e_fileis a directory the user should not specify a new direc tory as local_name In the above case the user should go with W stagein tmp dog mars cat which will produce tmp dog cat which will match what PBS will try to delete at job s end Wildcards should not be used in either the Local_file or the remote_file name PBS does not expand the wildcard character on the local system If wildcards are used in the remote_file name since rcp is launched by rsh to the remote system the expansion will occur However at job end PBS will attempt to delete the file whose name actually contains the wildcard character and will fail to find it This will leave all the staged in files in place undeleted Using xpbs to set up file staging directives may be easier than using the command line On the Submit Job window in the miscellany options section far left center of window click on the file staging button This will launch the File S
9. batch job is treated just like a regular batch job it is queued up and must wait for resources to become available before it can run But once it is started the user s terminal input and output are connected to the job in what appears to be an rlogin session It appears that the user is logged into one of the available computer systems and the resources requested by the job are reserved for that job Many users find this useful for debugging their applications or for computational steering 3 3 The Two Faces of PBS CLI vs GUI PBS provides two user interfaces a command line interface CLI and a graphical user interface GUI You can use either to interact with PBS both interfaces have the same PBS Pro 5 1 17 User Guide functionality Some people prefer the command line others prefer the GUI The command Line Interface CLI lets you type commands at the system prompt The Graphical User Interface GUI is a graphical point and click interface The subsequent chapters will explain how to use both the CLI and the GUI to create submit and manipu late PBS jobs 3 4 User s PBS Environment In order to have your system environment interact seamlessly with PBS there are several items that need to be checked In many cases your system administrator will have already set up your environment to work with PBS In order to use PBS the following are needed User must have access to the requested resources hosts User must have
10. 9 1 Parallel Jobs If PBS has been set up to manage a cluster of computers or on a parallel system it is likely with the intent of managing parallel jobs As discussed in section 3 5 Multiple Execution Systems on page 17 PBS can allocate nodes to multiple jobs time shared or to one job at a time called space sharing In space sharing the entire node is allocated to the job regardless of the number of processors or the amount of memory in the node Users should explicitly request such exclusive access if desired To have PBS allocate nodes to a user s job the user must specify how many of what type of nodes are required for the job Then the user s parallel job must execute tasks on the allocated nodes 9 1 1 Requesting Nodes The nodes resources_1list item is set by the user via the gsub command to declare the node requirements for the job It is a string of the form 1 nodes node_spec node_spec where node_spec can be any of the following number property prop erty J ornumber property property The node_spec may have 110 Chapter 9 Running Parallel Jobs an optional global modifier appended This is of the form property For example 6 3 fat 2 fat hippitdisk prime Where fat hippi disk and prime are examples of property names assigned by the administrator in the var spool PBS server_priv nodesfile The above example translates as the user requesting six plain nodes plus three fat n
11. Group refers to collection of system users see Users A user must be a member of a group and may be a member of more than one Within UNIX and POSIX systems membership in a group establishes one level of privilege Group membership is also often used to control or limit access to system resources An artificial restriction which prevents a job from being selected for processing There are three types of holds One is applied by the job owner another is applied by the PBS operator or administrator and a third applied by the system itself or the administrator The basic execution object managed by the batch subsystem A job is a collection of related processes which is managed as a whole A job can often be thought of as a shell script running in a POSIX session A non singleton job consists of multiple tasks of which each is a POSIX session One task will run the job shell script The manager is the person authorized to use all restricted capabilities of PBS The Manager may act upon the Server queues or jobs The Manager is also called the administrator A person authorized to use some but not all of the restricted capabilities of PBS is an operator The owner is the user who submitted the job to PBS This acronym refers to the various standards developed by the Technical Committee on Operating Systems and Application Environments of the IEEE Computer Society under standard P1003 If a PBS job can be terminated and its exec
12. In 5 1 the order of the hosts listed in the node file has changed when a node appears more than once If the job only requests one process per node now as before the order of the nodes will match the order requested However if multiple processes are placed per node the file will contain each separate node first listed in order to match the request followed by the required number of repeating occurrences of each node For example if a user requests the following nodes 1 nodes A ppn 3 B ppn 2 C ppn 1 then under PBS Pro 5 0 the PBS_ NODEFILE would have contained A A A B B C But now in PBS Pro 5 1 it will contain A B C A B A This change allows the user to have a parallel job step that runs only one process on each node by setting nproc 3 40 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job This is useful if the job requires files to setup one per node on each node before the main computation is preformed 4 8 3 Exclusive Access to Whole Node It is now possible via the global suffix of exc1 to request exclusive access to the entire node without asking for all of the CPUs on the node For example lnodes 3 greent2 blue excl requests a total of five nodes three green and two blue Exclusive access will be granted to the nodes regardless of the number of CPUs on the nodes No other job will be allocated those nodes Exclusive access will not be granted to time shared nodes 4 8 4 NCPUS Request A job that does no
13. The first such UNIX based system was the Network Queueing Sys tem NQS from NASA Ames Research Center in 1986 NQS quickly became the de facto standard for batch queueing Over time distributed parallel systems began to emerge and NQS was inadequate to han dle the complex scheduling requirements presented by such systems In addition com puter system managers wanted greater control over their compute resources and users wanted a single interface to the systems In the early 1990 s NASA needed a solution to this problem but found nothing on the market that adequately addressed their needs So NASA lead an international effort to gather requirements for a next generation resource management system The requirements and functional specification were later adopted as an IEEE POSIX standard 1003 2d Next NASA funded the development of a new resource management system compliant with the standard Thus the Portable Batch Sys tem PBS was born PBS was quickly adopted on distributed parallel systems and replaced NQS on traditional supercomputers and server systems Eventually the entire industry evolved toward distrib uted parallel systems taking the form of both special purpose and commodity clusters Managers of such systems found that the capabilities of PBS mapped well onto cluster systems For information on converting from NQS to PBS see Appendix B The latest chapter in the PBS story began when Veridian the R amp D contractor tha
14. lt output_path gt stdout lt local_output_path gt e lt error_path gt stderr lt local_error_path gt NOTE PBS will deliver from local_ path to user specified output_path and stderr_path v lt variable_list gt environment lt variable_list gt jobtype single When the job gets submitted to Globus PBS qstat will report various state changes according to the following mapping Table 10 PBS Job States vs Globus States PBS State Globus State TRANSIT T PENDING RUNNING R ACTIVE EXITING E FAILED EXITING E DONE 98 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features 8 6 3 PBS File Staging through GASS The stagein stageout feature of Globus aware PBS works with Global Access to Sec ondary Storage GASS software Given a stagein directive local file host input file PBS will take care of copying input file at host over to localfile at the executing Globus machine Same with a stageout directive local file host output file PBS will take care of copying the local file on the exe cuting Globus host over to the output file at host Globus mechanisms are used for transferring files to hosts that run Globus otherwise pbs_rcp or cp is used This means that if the host as given in the argument runs Globus then Globus communication will be opened to that host 8 6 4 Limitation PBS does not currently support co allocated Globus jobs where two or more jobs are simultaneously run distributed
15. q queueName serverName mysubrun q queueName serverName domain com mysubrun q queue mysubrun bin sh PBS q queueName q server mysubrun 4 7 2 Redirecting output and error files The o path and e path options to qsub allows you to specify the name of the files to which the standard output stdout and the standard error stderr file streams should be written The path argument is of the form hostname path_name where 30 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job hostname is the name of a host to which the file will be returned and path_name is the path name on that host You may specify relative or absolute paths The following examples illustrate these various options bin sh PBS o u james myOutputFile PBS e u james myErrorFile myOutputFile mysubrun u james myOutputFile mysubrun myWorkstation u james myOutputFile mysubrun myErrorFile mysubrun u james myErrorFile mysubrun myWorkstation u james myErrorFile mysubrun 4 7 3 Exporting environment variables The V option declares that all environment variables in the qsub command s environ ment are to be exported to the batch job o qsub V mysubrun bin sh PBS V 4 7 4 Expanding environment variables The v variable_list option to qsub expands the list of environment variables that are exported to the job variable_list names environment variables from the qsub command environment which are made available t
16. 11 Timeshared node 10 vs cluster node 40 TK 41 U UNICOS 27 User defined 14 ID UID 14 interfaces 4 name mapping 5 Vv Veridian ix 6 Viewing Job Information 63 Virtual Processor VP 14 W Widgets 53 Workload management 2 X xpbs buttons 49 configuration 53 usage 41 68 72 81 83 90 X Windows 41 55
17. 5 1 89 User Guide after jobid jobid This job may be scheduled for execution at any point after jobs jobid have started execution afterok jobid jobid This job may be scheduled for execution only after jobs jobid have terminated with no errors See the csh warning under User s PBS Environment on page 17 afternotok jobid jobid This job may be scheduled for execution only after jobs jobid have terminated with errors See previous csh warning afterany jobid jobid This job may be scheduled for execution after jobs jobid have ter minated with or without errors on count This job may be scheduled for execution after count dependencies on other jobs have been satisfied This form is used in conjunction with one of the before forms see below before jobid jobid When this job has begun execution then jobs jobid may begin beforeok jobid jobid If this job terminates execution without errors then jobs jobid may begin See previous csh warning beforenotok jobid jobid If this job terminates execution with errors then jobs jobid may begin See previous csh warning beforeany jobid jobid When this job terminates execution jobs jobid may begin If any of the before forms are used the jobs referenced by jobid must have been submitted with a dependency type of on If any of the before forms are used the jobs referenced by jobid must have the same owner as the job being subm
18. As we saw in the previous chapter a PBS job is a shell script containing the resource requirements job attributes and the set of commands you wish to execute Let s look at an example PBS job in detail bin sh PBS 1 walltime 1 00 00 PBS 1 mem 400mb PBS 1 ncpus 4 PBS j oe YO OB WNE subrun The first line is standard for any shell script it specifies which shell to use to execute the script The Bourne shell sh is the default but you can change this to your favorite shell 22 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job Lines 2 5 are PBS directives PBS reads down the shell script until it finds the first line that is not a valid PBS directive then stops It assumes the rest of the script is the list of commands or tasks that the user wishes to run In this case PBS sees lines 6 7 as being user commands We will see shortly that we use the gsub command to submit PBS jobs Any option that you specify to the gsub command line can also be provided as a PBS directive inside the PBS script PBS directives come in two types resource requirements and job behavior options In our example above lines 2 4 specify the 1 resource list option followed by a spe cific resource request Specifically lines 2 4 request 1 hour of wall clock time 400 mega bytes MB of memory and 4 CPUs Line 5 is not a resource directive Instead it specifies how PBS should handle some aspect of this job Specifically the j o
19. Features This chapter covers the less commonly used commands and more complex topics which will add substantial functionality to your use of PBS The reader is advised to have already read chapters 5 7 of this manual 8 1 Using Job Comments Users tend to want to know what is happening to their job PBS provides a special job attribute comment which is available to the operator manager or the Scheduler pro gram This attribute can be set to a string to pass information to the job owner It might be used to display information about why the job is not being run or why a hold was placed on the job Users are able to see this attribute when set by using the f and s option of the gst at command For details see Display Job Comment on page 67 Operators and managers may use the W option of the galt er command for example qalter W comment some text job id 8 2 Job Exit Status The exit status of a job is normally the exit status of the shell executing the job script If a user is using csh and has a logout file in the home directory the exit status of csh 88 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features becomes the exit status of the last command in logout This may impact the use of job dependencies which depend on the job s exit status To preserve the job s status the user may either remove logout or edit it as shown in this example set EXITVAL Sstatus previous contents remain unchanged exit SEXI
20. PBS servers on selected host s admin only Note that some buttons are only visible if xpbs is started with the admin option which requires manager or operator privilege to function The middle portion of the Hosts Panel has abbreviated column names indicating the infor mation being displayed as the following table shows Table 4 xpbs Server Column Headings Heading Meaning Max Maximum number of jobs permitted Tot Count of jobs currently enqueued in any state Que Count of jobs in the Queued state Run Count of jobs in the Running state Hld Count of jobs in the Held state Wat Count of jobs in the Waiting state Trn Count of jobs in the Transiting state Ext Count of jobs in the Exiting state Status Status of the corresponding Server PEsInUse Count of Processing Elements CPUs PEs Nodes in Use 5 2 3 xpbs Queues Panel The Queues panel is composed of a leading horizontal QUEUES bar a listbox and a set of command buttons The QUEUES bar lists the hosts that are consulted when listing queues the bar also contains a minimize maximize button for displaying or iconizing the PBS Pro 5 1 45 User Guide Queues panel The listbox displays information about queues managed by the server host s selected from the Hosts panel each listbox entry is meant to be selected high lighted via a single lt left mouse button gt click lt shift key gt plus lt left mouse bu
21. can be met or else reject the request Once the scheduler has confirmed the reservation a queue will be created for this reservation The queue will have an user level access control list set to the user who created it and any other users the owner specified The queue will accept jobs in the same manner as normal queues When the reservation start time is reached the jobs in the queue will be started Once the reserva tion is complete any jobs left in the queue will be deleted The Scheduler will check to see if the reservation will conflict with work currently run ning on the machine not queued work other reservations or dedicated time If the Scheduler determines that the reservation can not be fulfilled the reservation will be deleted and mail will be sent to the user 8 7 1 Submitting a PBS Reservation The pbs_rsub command is used to request a reservation of resources If the request is granted PBS provisions for the requested resources to be available for use during the specified future time interval A queue is dynamically allocated to service a confirmed res ervation Users who are listed as being allowed to run jobs using the resources of this res ervation will submit their jobs to this queue via the standard qsub command For details see Submitting a PBS Job on page 22 Although a confirmed resources reservation will accept jobs into its queue at any time the scheduler is not allowed to schedule jobs from the queue b
22. job The script will be processed for directives but no executable commands will be included with the job When the job begins execution all input to the job is from the terminal session in which qsub is running When an interactive job is submitted the gsub command will not terminate when the job is submitted qsub will remain running until the job terminates is aborted or the user interrupts qsub with a SIGINT the control C key If qsub is interrupted prior to job start it will query if the user wishes to exit If the user response yes qsub exits and the job is aborted Once the interactive job has started execution input to and output from the job pass through qsub Keyboard generated interrupts are passed to the job Lines entered that begin with the tilde character and contain special sequences are interpreted by qsub itself The recognized special sequences are 38 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job qsub terminates execution The batch job is also terminated susp Suspend the qsub program if running under the C shell susp is the suspend character usually CNTL Z asusp Suspend the input half of qsub terminal to job but allow out put to continue to be displayed Only works under the C shell asusp is the auxiliary suspend character usually CNTL Y 4 8 Node Specification Syntax With PBS Pro Release 5 1 there are a number of new features and capabilities associated with requesting nodes and controll
23. job that has a hold is not eligible for execution There are three supported holds user operator and system A user may place a user hold upon any job the user owns An operator who is a user with operator privilege may place ether an user or an operator hold on any job The PBS Manager may place any hold on any job The usage syntax of the qhold com mand is ghold h hold_list job_identifier The hold_list defines the type of holds to be placed on the job The hold_list argument is a string consisting of one or more of the letters u o or s in any combination or the letter n The hold type associated with each letter is Letter Meaning n none u user o operator S system If no h option is given the user hold will be applied to the jobs described by the job_identifier operand list If the job identified by job_identifier is in the queued held or waiting states then all that occurs is that the hold type is added to the job The job is then placed into held 80 Chapter 7 Working With PBS Jobs state if it resides in an execution queue If the job is in running state then the following additional action is taken to interrupt the execution of the job If checkpoint restart is sup ported by the host system requesting a hold on a running job will 1 cause the job to be checkpointed 2 the resources assigned to the job will be released and 3 the job is placed in the held state
24. open sockets Therefore it is necessary to tell mpirun to not create or to close an open socket to the array services daemon used to start the parallel processes One of two options to mpirun must be used cpr This option directs mpirun to close its connection to the array ser vices daemon when a checkpoint is to occur miser This option directs mpirun to directly create the parallel process rather than use the array services This avoids opening the socket connection at all 112 Chapter 9 Running Parallel Jobs The miser option appears the better choice as it avoids the socket in the first place If the cpr option is used the checkpoint will work but will be slower because the socket connection must be closed first Note that interactive jobs or MPMD jobs more than one executable program can not be checkpointed in any case Both use sockets and TCP IP to communicate outside of the job for interactive jobs and between programs in the MPMD case 9 4 PVM Jobs with PBS On a typical system to execute a Parallel Virtual Machine PVM program you would use the pvmexec command For example here is a sample PBS script for a PVM job bin sh PBS 1 nodes 32 pvmexec a out inputfile datain 9 5 POE Jobs with PBS On a most IBM SP series systems to run any parallel job you need to launch the applica tion to IBM Parallel Operating Environment POE via the pbspoe command For exam ple here is a sample PBS script w
25. option defines the user name under which the job is to run on the execution system If unset the user_list defaults to the user who is running qsub The user_list argument is of the form user host user host Only one PBS Pro 5 1 35 User Guide user name may be given per specified host and only one of the user specifications may be supplied without the corresponding host specification That user name will be used for execution on any host not named in the argument list A named host refers to the host on which the job is queued for execution not the actual execution host Authorization must exist for the job owner to run as the specified user qsub u james jupiter barney purpleplanet mysubrun 4 7 15 Specifying job groupID The W group_list g_list option defines the group name under which the job is to run on the execution system The g_list argument is of the form group host group host Only one group name may be given per specified host Only one of the group specifica tions may be supplied without the corresponding host specification That group name will used for execution on any host not named in the argument list If not set the group_list defaults to the primary group of the user under which the job will be run qsub W group_list grpA grpB jupiter mysubrun 4 7 16 Specifying a local account The A account_string option defines the account string associated with the job The accoun
26. priority Setting a job s priority on page 33 q destination Specifying Queue and or Server on page 29 r value Marking a job as rerunnable or not on page 32 S path_list Specifying which shell to use on page 32 u user_list Specifying job userID on page 34 V Exporting environment variables on page 30 v variable_list Expanding environment variables on page 30 PBS Pro 5 1 29 User Guide Table 3 Options to the qsub Command Option Function and Page Reference W depend list Specifying Job Dependencies on page 88 W group_list list Specifying job groupID on page 35 W stagein list Input Output File Staging on page 92 W stageout list Input Output File Staging on page 92 o Suppressing job identifier on page 37 4 7 1 Specifying Queue and or Server The q destination option to qsub allows you to specify a particular destination to which you want the job submitted The destination names a queue a server or a queue at a server The qsub command will submit the script to the server defined by the destina tion argument If the destination is a routing queue the job may be routed by the server to a new destination If the q option is not specified the qsub command will submit the script to the default queue at the default server See also the discussion of PBS_DEFAULT in Environment Variables on page 18
27. specified with a optional op component to the option argument then op specifies a relation between the value of a certain job attribute and the value compo nent of the option argument If an op is allowable on an option then the description of the option letter will indicate the op is allowable The only acceptable strings for the op com ponent and the relation the string indicates are shown in the following list eq The value represented by the attribute of the job is equal to the value represented by the option argument ne The value represented by the attribute of the job is not equal to the value represented by the option argument ge The value represented by the attribute of the job is greater than OM PBS Pro 5 1 69 User Guide or equal to the value represented by the option argument The value represented by the attribute of the job is greater than the value represented by the option argument The value represented by the attribute of the job is less than or equal to the value represented by the option argument The value represented by the attribute of the job is less than the value represented by the option argument The available options to qselect are a op date_time A account_string c op interval h hold_list Restricts selection to a specific time or a range of times The qselect command selects only jobs for which the value of the Execution_Time attribute is related to the date_time arg
28. the resource directive contained in the script However you can override resource attributes contained in job script by specifying them on the command line In fact any job submis sion option or directive that you can specify inside the job script you can also specify on the qsub command line This is particularly useful if you just want to submit a single instance of your job but you don t want to edit the script For example qsub 1 ncpus 16 1 walltime 4 00 00 mysubrun 16388 cluster pbspro com In this example the 16 CPUs and 4 hours of wallclock time will override the values spec ified in the job script Note that you are not required to use a separate 1 for each resource you request You can combine multiple requests by separating them with a comma thusly qsub 1 ncpus 16 walltime 4 00 00 mysubrun 16389 cluster pbspro com The same rule applies to the job script as well as the next example shows bin sh PBS 1 walltime 1 00 00 mem 400mb PBS 1 ncpus 4 PBS j oe subrun 24 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job 4 4 How PBS Parses a Job Script The qsub command scans the lines of the script file for directives An initial line in the script that begins with the characters or the character will be ignored and scan ning will start with the next line Scanning will continue until the first executable line that is a line that is not blank not a directive line nor a line who
29. usage syntax of the qmsg command is qmsg E O message_string job_identifier The E option writes the message into the error file of the specified job s The O option writes the message into the output file of the specified job s If neither option is specified the message will be written to the error file of the job The first operand message_st ring is the message to be written If the string contains blanks the string must be quoted If the final character of the string is not a newline a newline character will be added when written to the job s file All following operands are job_identifiers which specify the jobs to receive the message string For example sg E hello to my error e file 54 sg O hello to my output o file 54 sg this too will go to my error e file 54 To send a message to a job using xpbs first select the job s of interest then click the msg button Doing so will launch the Send Message to Job dialog box as shown below From this window you may enter the message you wish to send and indicate whether it should be written to the standard output or the standard error file of the job Click the Send Message button to complete the process 82 Chapter 7 Working With PBS Jobs ee eee ea Shier pE 7 5 Sending Signals to Jobs The qsig command requests that a signal be sent to executing PBS jobs The signal is sent to the session leader of the job Usage syntax
30. users a common view of the job submission job query ing system status and job tracking over all systems Cross System Scheduling ensures that jobs do not have to be targeted to a specific com puter system Users may submit their job and have it run on the first available system that meets their resource requirements Job Priority allows users the ability to specify the priority of their jobs defaults can be provided at both the queue and system level Username Mapping provides support for mapping user account names on one system to the appropriate name on remote server systems This allows PBS to fully function in envi ronments where users do not have a consistent username across all the resources they have access to Fully Configurable PBS was designed to be easily tailored to meet the needs of different sites Much of this flexibility is due to the unique design of the scheduler module which permits complete customization Broad Platform Availability is achieved through support of Windows 2000 and every major version of UNIX and Linux from workstations and servers to supercomputers New platforms are being supported with each new release System Integration allows PBS to take advantage of vendor specific enhancements on dif ferent systems such as supporting cpusets on SGI systems and interfacing with the glo bal resource manager on the Cray T3e 6 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 5 About Veridian The PBS Pro product is b
31. virtual memory used by any single size process in the job software Allows a user to specify software required by the job string The allowable values and effect on job placement is site dependent vmem Maximum amount of virtual memory used by all con size current processes in the job walltime Maximum amount of real time during which the job can time be in the running state PBS Pro 5 1 27 User Guide On Cray systems running UNICOS 8 or later there are additional resources that may be requested by PBS jobs as shown below Table 2 PBS Resources on Cray UNICOS Resource Meaning Units vanes The number of processing elements used by a single wai PP process in the job a mppt Maximum amount of wall clock time used on the MPP in time the job mta Maximum number of magnetic tape drives required in the unitary mtb mth_ corresponding device class of a or b pf Maximum number of file system blocks that can be size used by all process in the job pmppt Maximum amount of wall clock time used on the MPP by time a single process in the job pncpus Maximum number of processors used by any single unitary process in the job ppf Maximum number of file system blocks that can be used size by a single process in the job procs Maximum number of processes in the job unitary psds Maximum number of data blocks on the SDS secondary size data storage for any process in t
32. 0 seq_35_3 O O O00 J VZT An alternative display accessed via the a option is also provided that includes extra information about jobs including the following additional fields Session ID Number of nodes requested Number of parallel tasks Requested amount of memory Requested amount of wallclock time Elapsed time in the current job state PBS Pro 5 1 61 User Guide Req d Elap Jobname Sess NDS TSK Mem Time S Time aimsl aimsl airfoil 930 subrun tns3d airfoil seq_35_ Wi OO OOO Other options which utilize the alternative display are discussed in subsequent sections of this chapter 6 1 2 Viewing Specific Information When requesting queue or server status qst at will output information about each desti nation The various options to gst at take as an operand either a job identifier or a desti nation If the operand is a job identifier it must be in the following form sequence_number server_name server where sequence_number server_name is the job identifier assigned at submittal time see qsub If the server_name is omitted the name of the default server will be used If server is supplied the request will be for the job identifier currently at that Server If the operand is a destination identifier it takes one of the following three forms queue server queue server If queue is specified the r
33. 000 Process 0 of 4 on host pluto at time Mon Aug 29 17 39 01 2000 Example 3 Here is a more complicated example If you want to run a SGI spec ified MPI job on a host e g sgi glaxey com which is running a different batch system via the Globus gatekeeper with a cpu count of 4 and shipping the architecture compatible executable to the Globus host and sending the output file back to the submitting host then do cat job script PBS 1 site globus sgi glaxey com jobmanager lsf ncpus 4 PBS W stagein u jill mpi_sgif earth progs mpi_sgi PBS W stageout mpi_sgi out earth mpi_sgi out mpirun np 4 u jill mpi_sgi gt gt mpi_sgi out echo Done it Upon execution the sample output is Done it 100 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features And the output of the run would have been written to the file mpi_sgi out and returned to the user s home directory on host earth as specified Note Just like a regular PBS job a Globus job can be deleted signaled held released rerun have text appended to its output error files and be moved from one location to another 8 7 Advance Reservation of Resources An Advance Reservation is a set of resources with availability limited to a specific user or group of users and a specific start time duration Advance Reservations are implemented in PBS by a user submitting a reservation with the pbs_rsub command PBS will then confirm that the reservation
34. PBS Pro 5 1 User Guide PBS Pro Release 5 1 User Guide Portable Batch System User Guide PBS 3BU01 Release PBS Pro 5 1 Updated November 5 2001 Edited by James Patton Jones Contributing authors include Albeaus Bayucan Robert L Henderson James Patton Jones Casimir Lesiak Bhroam Mann Bill Nitzberg and Tom Proett Copyright c 2001 Veridian Systems Inc All rights reserved under International and Pan American Copyright Conventions All rights reserved Reproduction of this work in whole or in part without prior written per mission of Veridian Systems is prohibited Veridian Systems is an operating company of the Veridian Corporation For more infor mation about Veridian visit the corporate website at www veridian com Trademarks OpenPBS PBS Pro Portable Batch System and the PBS Juggler logo are trademarks of Veridian Systems Inc All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners For more information redistribution licensing or additional copies of this publication contact Veridian Systems Phone 1 650 967 4675 PBS Products Dept FAX 1 650 967 3080 2672 Bayshore Parkway Suite 810 URL www pbspro com Mountain View CA 94043 Email sales pbspro com PBS Pro 5 1 v User Guide Table of Contents Listof VAIO ss cacisssnstiacepcvescsces conesstnsasnssnsgensacheseenseubeseassins Vii Prefat nnii cess ucsadenasiedesoesondsenacossn ix Acknowledgements
35. SAUS ooir ated Cae Behan 87 Specifying Job Dependencies ceeeceeeteeeeeee 88 Delivery of Output Files 2 0 0 eee eeeeeeesseeeenteeees 91 Input Output File Staging ee eeeeeeseeeeeeeeeees 92 GIO BUS SUPPOrt seins onen aaas 96 Advance Reservation of Resources e 100 Running Jobs on Scyld Beowulf Clusters 107 Running Parallel JODS ccscccssssssscsssssscecsseee 109 Parallel JOBS saracini ens 109 MPI Jobs with PBS seeeeeseeceereersrrerrsersrre 111 Checkpointing SGI MPI Jobs 0 0 eeeeeeeeeeee 111 PVM Jobs with PBS 2206 citistuc cacanieieescce 112 POE JODs With PBS chea nasen 112 OpenMP Jobs with PBS 20 0 eeeceeeeeeeeenteeees 112 10 Appendix A PBS Environment Variables 113 11 Appendix B Converting From NQS to PBS 115 UD LT S E E E E 117 PBS Pro 5 1 vii User Guide List of Tables PBS Resources Available on All Systems 26 PBS Resources on Cray UNICOGS 27 Options to the qsub Command 28 xpbs Server Column Headings 44 xpbs Queue Column Headings 45 xpbs Job Column Headings 47 xpbs Buttons and PBS Commands 49 Job States Viewable by Users 06 71 qsub Options vs Globus RSL 04 97 PBS Job States vs Globus States 97 PBS Environment Variables 113 viii List of Tables PBS Pro 5 1 ix User Guide Preface
36. TVAL Doing so will ensure that the exit status of the job persists across the invocation of the Logout file 8 3 Specifying Job Dependencies PBS allows you to specify dependencies between two or more jobs Dependencies are use ful for a variety of tasks such as 1 Specifying the order in which jobs in a set should execute 2 Requesting a job run only if an error occurs in another job 3 Holding jobs until a particular job starts or completes execution The w depend dependency_list option to qsub defines the dependency between multiple jobs The dependency_list is in the form type argument argument type argument The argument is either a numeric count or a PBS job identifier according to type If argu ment is a count it must be greater than 0 If it is a job identifier and not fully specified in the form seq_number server name it will be expanded according to the default server rules which apply to job identifiers on most commands If argument is null the pro ceeding colon need not be specified the dependency of the corresponding type is cleared unset synccount count This job is the first in a set of jobs to be executed at the same time count is the number of additional jobs in the set synewith jobid This job is an additional member of a set of jobs to be executed at the same time In the above and following dependency types jobidis the job identifier of the first job in the set PBS Pro
37. _queue workg log_events 511 mail _from adm query_other_jobs True resources_available mem 64mb resources_available ncpus 2 resources_default ncpus 1 resources_assigned ncpus resources_assigned nodect 1 scheduler_iteration 600 pbs_version PBSPro_5_1_1 PBS Pro 5 1 63 User Guide 6 1 4 Checking Queue Status The Q option to qstat displays the status of all or any specified queues at the optionally specified PBS Server One line of output is generated for each queue queried The three letter abbreviations correspond to limits queue states and job counts as follows Maximum Total Enabled Status Started Status Queued Running Held Waiting Tran siting and Exiting The last column gives the type of the queue routing or execution qstat Queue Max Tot Ena Str Que Run Hld Wat Trn Ext Type workg O 10 yes yes 0 Execution The full display for a queue provides additional information qstat OQf Queue workq queue_type Execution total_jobs 10 state_count Transit 0 Queued 7 Held 1 Waiting 1 Running 1 Exiting 0 resources_assigned ncpus 1 hasnodes False enabled True started True 6 1 5 Viewing Job Information We saw above that the f option could be used to display full or long information for queues and servers The same applies to jobs By specifying the f option and a job identifier PBS will print all information known abou
38. _spec in the entire specification In addition to the existing global modifier suffix of shared requesting shared access to a node there is now exc1 which means that the user is requesting exclusive access to the entire node not just the allocated VPs This allows a user to have exclusive access even if she wants to run on just one of the CPUs 4 8 1 Processes Tasks vs CPUs The node resource specification has been extended to allow separate requirements for the number of parallel tasks and the number of required CPUs In release 5 0 the ppn x sub specification was read as processors per node In release 5 1 ppn is read as pro cesses or parallel tasks per node For example the node specification l nodes 4 brown ppn 3 ncpus 2 requests a total of four separate nodes each having the property of brown three parallel processes tasks should be run on each node this means the node will appear in the PBS_NODEFILE MPI hostfile three times two CPUs have been allocated to each pro cess so that each process can run two threads OMP_NUM_THREADS is set to 2 The above specification yields 4 nodes 3 processes 2 CPUs for a total 24 CPUs If ppn or ncpus is not specified its value defaults to one 4 8 2 Order of Nodes in the Node File In PBS Pro 5 0 the node file named by the environment variable PBS_ NODEFILE was only created for a job requested more than one node In 5 1 this file is always created
39. a valid group account User must be able to transfer files between hosts e g via rcp or scp 3 4 1 Setting Up Your Own Environment A user s job may not run if the user s start up files ie cshrc login or profile contain commands which attempt to set terminal characteristics Any such activity should be skipped by placing a test of the environment variable PBS_ENVIRONMENT This can be done as shown in the following sample login setenv MANPATH usr man usr local man SMANPATH if PBS ENVIRONMENT then do terminal settings here endif You should also be aware that commands in your startup files should not generate output when run under PBS As in the previous example commands that write to stdout should not be run for a PBS job This can be done as shown in the following sample login 18 Chapter 3 Getting Started With PBS setenv MANPATH usr man usr local man SMANPATH if PBS ENVIRONMENT then do terminal settings here run command with output here endif When PBS jobs run the exit status of the last command executed in the job is reported by csh to PBS as the exit status of the job We will see later that this is important for job dependencies and job chaining However if you have commands in your logout csh will report the exit status of the last of those commands instead To prevent this you need to preserve the job s exit status in your logout file by s
40. al bin bin PBS_O_SHELL sbin csh PBS_O_TZ PST8PDT PBS_O_HOST crayl pbspro com PBS_O_ WORKDIR u james PBS_O QUEUE submit PBS_JOBNAME INTERACTIVE PBS_JOBID 16386 crayl pbspro com PBS_QUEUE crayq PBS_ENVIRONMENT PBS_INTERACTIVE There are a number of ways that you can use these environment variables to make more efficient use of PBS In the example above we see PBS_ENVIRONMENT which we used earlier in this chapter to test if we were running under PBS Another commonly used vari able is PBS_O_WORKDIR which contains the name of the directory from which the user submitted the PBS job There are also two environment variables that you can set to affect the behavior of PBS The environment variable PBS_DEFAULT defines the name of the default PBS server Typically it corresponds to the system name of the host on which the server is running If PBS_DEFAULT is not set the default is defined by an administrator established file The environment variable PBS_DPREFIX determines the prefix string which identifies direc tives in the job script The default prefix string is PBS 20 Chapter 3 Getting Started With PBS PBS Pro 5 1 21 User Guide Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job This chapter discusses the different parts of a PBS job and how to create and submit a PBS job Topics such as requesting resources and specifying limits on jobs are also covered 4 1 A Sample PBS Job
41. ame containing a list of nodes assigned to the job PBS_QUEUE The name of the queue from which the job is executed BEOWULF_JOB_MAP 6699 Scyld systems only list of node numbers separated by ENVIRONMENT Provided for NQS migration same as PBS_ENVIRONMENT 114 Appendix A PBS Environment Variables PBS Pro 5 1 User Guide 115 Appendix B Converting From NQS to PBS For those converting to PBS from NQS or NQE PBS includes a utility called nqs2pbs which converts an existing NQS job script so that it will work with PBS In fact the resulting script will be valid to both NQS and PBS The existing script is copied and PBS directives PBS are inserted prior to each NQS directive either QSUB or Q in the original script nqs2pbs existing NQS script new PBS script Important Converting NQS date specifications to the PBS form may result in a warning message and an incomplete converted date PBS does not support date specifications of today tomorrow or the name of the days of the week such as Monday If any of these are encoun tered in a script the PBS specification will contain only the time portion of the NQS specification i e PBS a hhmm ss It is suggested that you specify the execution time on the qsub com mand line rather than in the script All times are taken as local time If any unrecognizable NQS directives are encountered an e
42. and duration are the only times specified the end time value is calculated Specifies reservation duration Timestring can either be expressed as a total number of seconds of walltime or it can be expressed as a colon delimited timestring e g HH MM SS or MM SS If the start time and end time are the only times specified this duration time is calculated Specifies the set of events that cause the server to send mail mes sages to the specified list of users This option takes a string consist ing of any combination of a b c or e Default is ac a notify if the reservation is terminated for any reason b notify when the reservation period begins e notify when the reservation period ends c notify when the reservation is confirmed 102 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features M mail_list u user_list g group_list U auth_user_list G auth_group_list H auth_host_list N reservation_name resource_list Specifies the list of users to whom the server will attempt to send a mail message whenever the reservation transitions to one of the mail states specified in the m option Default reserva tion s owner Specifies a comma separated list of entries of the form user host Entries on this list are used by the server in con junction with an ordered set of rules to associate a user name with the reservation Specifies a comma separated list of entries of the form gro
43. arry workg airfoil workg twinkie 0 13 0 20 To change the order of two jobs using xpbs select the two jobs and then click the order button 7 7 Moving Jobs Between Queues PBS provides the qnove command to move jobs between different queues even queues on different servers To move a job is to remove the job from the queue in which it resides and instantiate the job in another queue The usage syntax of the gmove command is qmove destination job_identifier s PBS Pro 5 1 85 User Guide The first operand is the new destination for queue server queue server If the destination operand describes only a queue then qmove will move jobs into the queue of the specified name at the job s current server If the dest ination operand describes only a Server then qmove will move jobs into the default queue at that Server If the destination operand describes both a queue and a Server then qmove will move the jobs into the specified queue at the specified Server All following operands are job_identifiers which specify the jobs to be moved to the new destination To move jobs between queues or between servers using xpbs select the job s of interest and then click the move button Doing so will launch the Move Job dialog box from which you can select the queue and or Server to which you want the job s moved 86 Chapter 7 Working With PBS Jobs PBS Pro 5 1 87 User Guide Chapter 8 Advanced PBS
44. as more than one virtual processor the VPs may be assigned to different jobs job shared or used to satisfy the requirements of a single job exclusive This ability to temporally allocate the entire node to the exclusive use of a single job is important for some multi node parallel applications Note that PBS enforces a one to one allocation scheme of cluster node VPs ensuring that the VPs are not over allocated or over subscribed between multiple jobs In contrast to cluster nodes are hosts that always service multi ple jobs simultaneously called timeshared nodes Often the term host rather than node is used in conjunction with time shared as in timeshared host A timeshared node will never be allocated exclusively or temporarily shared However unlike cluster nodes a timeshared node can be over committed if the local policy specifies to do so This is any collection of nodes controlled by a single instance of PBS i e by one PBS Server An exclusive VP is one that is used by one and only one job at a time A set of VPs is assigned exclusively to a job for the dura tion of that job This is typically done to improve the perfor mance of message passing programs Temporarily shared VP Load Balance Queue Node Attribute Node Property Portable Batch System PBS Pro 5 1 11 User Guide A temporarily shared node is one where one or more of its VPs are temporarily shared by jobs If several jobs request multiple
45. assigned and resources_available A set of zero or more properties may be given to each node in order to have a means of grouping nodes for allocation The property is nothing more than a string of alphanumeric characters first charac ter must be alphabetic without meaning to PBS The PBS adminis trator may assign to nodes whatever property names desired Your PBS administrator will notify you of any locally defined properties PBS consists of one Job Server pbs_server one Job Scheduler pbs_sched and one or more execution servers pbs_mom The PBS System can be set up to distribute the workload to one large timeshared system multiple time shared systems a cluster of nodes 12 Chapter 2 Concepts and Terms to be used exclusively or temporarily shared or any combina tion of these The remainder of this chapter provides additional terms listed in alphabetical order Account Administrator API Attribute Batch or Batch Processing Complex Destination Destination Identifier File Staging An account is arbitrary character string which may have mean ing to one or more hosts in the batch system Frequently account is used as a grouping for charging for the use of resources See Manager PBS provides an Application Programming Interface API which is used by the commands to communicate with the Server This API is described in the PBS External Reference Specification A site may make u
46. ate a job from a fresh start Use the FILE field in the upper left corner to define a filename for the script Then press the Save button This will cause a PBS script file to be generated and written to the named file Pressing the Confirm Submit button at the bottom of the Submit window will submit the PBS job to the selected destination xpbs will display a small window containing the job identifier returned for this job Clicking OK on this window will cause it and the Submit window to be removed from your screen Alternatively you can submit the job as an interactive batch job by clicking the Interac tive button at the bottom of the Submit Job window Doing so will cause a xterminal win dow xterm to be launched and within that window a PBS interactive batch job PBS Pro 5 1 53 User Guide submitted For details and restrictions on use see Interactive batch jobs on page 37 turing jones 216 qsub I qaub wadting for b 1634 origin ar coma to start qaib poh 16342 origin arj cia ready Job L624 origin ar o started om Thu Det 7 0970 POT 1939 as origin 6 5 4 ful jones POS test PRS C4cpus origin gt dbn subrun w FES cpustorigin 22 gt lopaut qaub job L634 0r ipin arj cin conpleted 5 7 Exiting xpbs Click on the Close button located in the Menu bar to leave xpbs If any settings have been changed xpbs will bring up a dialog box asking for a confirmation in regards to saving
47. aving it at the top then doing an explict exit at the end as shown below set EXITVAL Sstatus previous contents of logout here exit SEXITVAL If the user s login shell is csh the following message may appear in the standard output of a job Warning no access to tty thus no job control in this shell This message is produced by many csh versions when the shell determines that its input is not a terminal Short of modifying csh there is no way to eliminate the message For tunately it is just an informative message and has no effect on the job 3 5 Environment Variables While we re on the topic of the user s environment we should mention that there are a number of environment variables provided to the PBS job Some are taken from the user s environment and carried with the job Others are created by PBS Still others can be explicitly created by the user for exclusive use by PBS jobs PBS Pro 5 1 19 User Guide All PBS provided environment variable names start with the characters PBS_ Some are then followed by a capital O PBS_O_ indicated that the variable is from the job s orig inating environment i e the user s The Appendix gives a full listing of all environment variables provided to PBS jobs and their meaning The following short example lists some of the more useful variables and typical values PBS_O_HOME u james PBS_O_LOGNAME james PBS_O_PATH usr new bin usr loc
48. called MOM as it is the mother of all executing jobs MOM is a reverse engineered acronym that stands for Machine Oriented Mini server MOM places a job into execution when it receives a copy of the job from a Server MOM creates a new session that is as identical to a user login session as is possible For example if the user s login shell is csh then MOM creates a session in which login is run as well as cshrc MOM also has the responsibility for returning the job s out put to the user when directed to do so by the Server One MOM daemon runs on each computer which will execute PBS jobs A special version of MOM called the Globus MOM is available if it is enabled during the installation of PBS It handles submission of jobs to the Globus environment Globus is a software infrastructure that integrates geographically distributed computational and infor mation resources Globus is discussed in more detail in chapter 11 of the PBS Administrator Guide Job Scheduler The Job Scheduler daemon pbs_sched implements the site s pol icy controlling when each job is run and on which resources The Scheduler communicates with the various MOMs to query the state of system resources and with the Server for availability of jobs to execute The interface to the Server is through the same API as used by the client commands Note that the Scheduler interfaces with the Server with the same privilege as the PBS manager 2 2 Defining PBS Terms T
49. d PBS Features 8 7 4 Reservation Job A user can if allowed submit a job that requests the reservation of resources for a speci fied time period in the future If the system can confirm the request the scheduler will direct the server to run the job in that future window of time 8 7 5 Identification and Status When the user requests an advance resources reservation via the pbs_rsub command an option I n is available to wait for response The value n that is specified is taken as the number of seconds that the command is willing to wait This value can be either positive or negative A non negative value means that the server scheduler response is needed in n or less seconds After that time the submitter will use pbs_rstat or some other means to descern success or failure of the request For a negative value the com mand will wait up to n seconds for the request to be either confirmed or denied After that period of time the server is to delete the request for resource reservation 8 7 6 Accounting Accounting records for advance resource reservations are available in the server s job accounting file The format of such records closely follows the format that exists for job records In addition any job that happens to belong to an advance reservation will have this fact show up in the job record 8 7 7 Access Control A site administrator can inform the server as to those hosts groups and users whose advance resourc
50. ding the logical operator to con sult when limiting the list of jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Specify value as Priority lt prior ity_value gt See p option in qselect 1B for format of lt priority_value gt the rerunnable attribute to consult when limiting the list of jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Spec ify value as Rerunnable lt rerun_val gt See r option in qse lect 1B for format of lt rerun_val gt name of the job that will be checked when limiting the jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Spec ify value as Job_Name lt jobname gt See N option in qse lect 1B for format of lt jobname gt a boolean value true or false indicating whether or not to iconize the HOSTS region a boolean value true or false indicating whether or not to iconize the QUEUES region a boolean value true or false indicating whether or not to iconize the JOBS region a boolean value true or false indicating whether or not to iconize the INFO region a curly braced list of resource names as according to architec ture known to xpbs The format is as follows lt arch typel gt resnamel resname2 resnameN lt arch type2 gt resname1 resname2 resnameN lt arch typeN gt resnamel resname2 resnameN 58 Chapter 5 Using the xpbs GUI PBS Pro 5 1 59 User Guide Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status This chapter w
51. e requests that PBS join the stdout and stderr output streams of the job into a single stream Finally line 7 is the command line for executing the program we wish to run our example submarine simulation application subrun While only a single command is shown in this example e g subrun you can specify as many programs tasks or job steps as you need 4 2 Creating a PBS Job There are several ways to create a PBS job The most common are by using your favorite text editor and by using the PBS graphical user interface GUI The rest of this chapter discusses creating and submitting jobs using the command line interface The next chapter explains in detail how to use the xpbs GUI to create and submit your job 4 3 Submitting a PBS Job Let s assume the above example script is in a file called mysubrun We submit this script using the qsub command qsub mysubrun 16387 cluster pbspro com PBS Pro 5 1 23 User Guide Notice that upon successful submission of a job PBS returns a job identifier e g 16387 cluster pbspro com in the example above This identifier is a handle to the job It s format will always be sequence number servername domain You ll need the job identifier for any actions involving the job such as checking job sta tus modifying the job tracking the job or deleting the job In the previous example we simply submitted the job script to PBS which in turn read
52. e limits on the queue that s dynam PBS Pro 5 1 103 User Guide ically created to service the reservation The aggregate amount of resources for currently running jobs from this queue will not exceed these resource limits In addition the queue inherits the value of any resource limit set on the server if the reservation request itself is silent about that resource I seconds Interactive mode is specified if the submitter wants to wait for an answer to the request The pbs_rsub command will block up to the number of seconds specified while waiting for the scheduler to either confirm or deny the reservation request A negative number of seconds may be specified and is interpreted to mean if the con firm deny decision isn t made in the number of seconds specified automatically delete the reservation request from the system If automatic deletion isn t being requested and if the scheduler doesn t make a decision in the specified number of seconds the command will return the ID string for the reservation and show the status as unconfirmed The requester may periodically issue the pbs_rstat command with ID string as input to monitor the reser vation s status W other attributes value This allows you to define any extra attribute on the reservation The following example shows the submission of a reservation asking for 1 node 30 min utes of wall clock time and a start time of 11 30 Note that since an end time is not spec
53. e modified to specify the PBS directive to look for when parsing a script file for PBS options If you don t have a existing script file to load into xpbs you can start typing the execut able lines of the job in the file text box Next review the Destination listbox This box lists all the queues found in the host that you selected A special entry called host refers to the default queue at the indicated host Select appropriately the destination queue for the job Next define any required resources in the Resource List subwindow Finally review the optional settings to see if any should apply to this job For example o Use the radial buttons in the Output region to merge output and error files o Use Stdout File Name to define standard output file and to 52 Chapter 5 Using the xpbs GUI redirect output o _Use the Environment Variables to Export subwindow to have current environment variables exported to the job o _Use the Job Name field in the OPTIONS subwindow to give the job a name o Use the Notify email address and radial buttons in the OPTIONS subwindow to have PBS send you mail when the job terminates Now that the script is built you have four options of what to do next Reset options to default Save the script to a file Submit the job as a batch job Submit the job as an interactive batch job Reset clears all the information from the submit job dialog box allowing you to cre
54. e reservation requests are or are not to be considered The philosophy in this regard is same as that which currently exists for jobs In a similar vein the user who submits the advance resource reservation request can spec ify to the system those other parties user s or group s that are authorized to submit jobs to the reservation queue that s to be created When this queue is instantiated these specifications will supply the values for the queue s user group access control lists Likewise the party who submits the reservation can if desired control the username and group name at the server that the server associates with the reservation PBS Pro 5 1 107 User Guide 8 8 Running Jobs on Scyld Beowulf Clusters This section contains information specific to running PBS jobs on Scyld Computing Cor poration s Beowulf clusters Users should use the ncpus resource when submitting their jobs PBS will allocate nodes based on the number of CPUs requested by a job For exam ple gqsub lncpus 10 script This will create a job which will be allocated enough nodes to have ten CPUs available A new environment variable is provided for each job BEOWULF_JOB_MAP Its value is a list of node numbers separated by colon characters If a node has more than one cpu its node number will appear as many times as there are CPUs 108 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features PBS Pro 5 1 109 User Guide Chapter 9 Running Parallel Jobs
55. e state the start time duration in seconds and the end time pbs_rstat S Name Queue User State Start Duration End R226 R226 james CO Today 11 1800 Today 1 R302 R302 barry CO Today 15 1800 Today 1 R304 R304 james CO Today 15 1800 Today 1 The full option F will print out the name of the reservation followed by all the attributes of the reservation PBS Pro 5 1 105 User Guide pbs _rstat F R226 Name R226 south Reserve_Owner james south reserve_type 2 reserve_state RESV_CONFIRME reserve_substate 2 reserve_start Fri Aug 24 11 30 00 2001 reserve_end Fri Aug 24 12 00 00 2001 reserve_duration 1800 queue R226 Resource_List Resource_List neednodes 1 Resource_List nodect 1 ncpus 1 Resource_List nodes 1 Resource_List walltime 00 30 00 Authorized_Users james south server south ctime Fri Aug 24 06 30 53 2001 mtime Fri Aug 24 06 30 53 2001 Variable List PBS_O_LOGNAME james PBS_O_HOST south PBS_O_MAIL var spool mail james euser james egroup pbs 8 7 3 Delete PBS Reservations The pbs_rdel command deletes reservations in the order in which their reservation identifiers are presented to the command A reservation may be deleted by its owner a PBS operator or PBS Manager Note that when a reservation is deleted all jobs in that reservation are deleted as well pbs_rdel R304 106 Chapter 8 Advance
56. ection criteria discussed below Servers are listed in the HOST panel near the top of the display To view detailed information about a given Server i e similar to that produced by qstat f B select the Server in question then click the Detail button Similarly to view detailed information about a given queue i e similar to that produced by qstat fQ select the queue in question then click its corresponding Detail button The same applies for jobs as well i e qstat f You can view detailed information on any displayed job by selecting it and then clicking on the Detail button Note that the list of jobs displayed will be dependent upon the Selection Criteria currently selected This is discussed in the xpbs portion of the next section 6 3 The qselect Command The qselect command provides a method to list the job identifier of those jobs which meet a list of selection criteria Jobs are selected from those owned by a single server When qselect successfully completes it will have written to standard output a list of zero or more jobs which meet the criteria specified by the options Each option acts as a filter restricting the number of jobs which might be listed With no options the qselect command will list all jobs at the server which the user is authorized to list query status of The u option may be used to limit the selection to jobs owned by this user or other specified users When an option is
57. efore the reservation period arrives Once the reservation period arrives these jobs will begin to run but they will not in aggregate use up more resources then the reservation requested The pbs_rsub command returns an ID string to use in referencing the reservation and an PBS Pro 5 1 101 User Guide indication of its current status The actual specification of resources is done in the same way as it is for submission of a job Following is a list and description of options to the pbs_rsub command R datetime E datetime D timestring m mail_points Specifies reservation starting time If the reservation s end time and duration are the only times specified this start time is calculated The datetime argument adhers to the POSIX time specification LL CC YY MM DD hhmm SS If the day DD is not specified it will default to today if the time hhmm is in the future Otherwise the day will be set to tomorrow For example if you submit a reservation having a specification R 1110 at 11 15am it will be interpreted as being for 11 10am tomor row If the month portion MM is not specified it defaults to the cur rent month provided that the specified day DD is in the future Otherwise the month will be set to next month Similarly comments apply to the two other optional left hand components Specifies the reservation end time See the R flag for a description of the datetime string If start time
58. equest is for status of all jobs in that queue at the default server If the server form is given the request is for status of all jobs at that server If a full destination identifier queue server is given the request is for status of all jobs in the named queue at the named server 62 Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status Important If a PBS server is not specified on the qst at command line the default server will be used See discussion of PBS_DEFAULT in Environment Variables on page 18 6 1 3 Checking Server Status The B option to qst at displays the status of the specified PBS Batch Server One line of output is generated for each server queried The three letter abbreviations correspond to various job limits and counts as follows Maximum Total Queued Running Held Wait ing Transiting and Exiting The last column gives the status of the server itself active idle or scheduling qstat B Server Max Tot Que Run Hld Wat Trn Ext Status fast pbspro 14 13 0 Active When querying jobs servers or queues you can add the f option to qst at to change the display to the full or long display For example the Server status shown above would be expanded using f as shown below qstat Bf Server fast pbspro com server_state Active scheduling True total_jobs 14 state_count Transit 0 Queued 13 Held 0 Waiting 0 Running 1 Exiting 0 managers james fast pbspro com default
59. er of units in the window i e the portion of the object that used to appear at the very bottom of the window will now appear at the very top If the button is held down the action will PBS Pro 5 1 55 User Guide auto repeat An entry widget brought into focus with a click of the left mouse button To manipulate this widget simply type in the text value Use of arrow keys mouse selection of text for deletion or overwrite copying and pasting with sole use of mouse buttons are permitted This widget is usually accompanied by a scrollbar for horizontally scanning a long text entry string A matrix of entry boxes is usually shown as several rows of entry widgets where a number of entries called fields can be found per row The matrix is accompanied by up down arrow buttons for paging through the rows of data and each group of fields gets one scrollbar for horizontally scanning long entry strings Moving from field to field can be done using the lt Tab gt move forward lt Cntrl f gt move forward or lt Cntrl b gt move backward keys A spinbox is a combination of an entry widget and a horizontal scrollbar The entry widget will only accept values that fall within a defined list of valid values and incrementing through the valid values is done by clicking on the up down arrows A button is a rectangular region appearing either raised or pressed that invokes an action when clicked with the left mouse button When the button appea
60. es the structure and components of a PBS job and explains how to create and submit a PBS job 2 Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 5 introduces the xpbs graphical user interface and shows how to submit a PBS job using xpbs Chapter 6 describes how to check status of a job and request status of queues nodes systems or PBS Servers Chapter 7 discusses commonly used commands and features of PBS and explains how to use each one Chapter 8 describes and explains how to use the more advanced features of PBS Chapter 9 explains how PBS interacts with parallel applications and illus trates how to run such applications under PBS Appendix A provides a quick reference summary of PBS environment vari ables Appendix B includes information for converting from NQS NQE to PBS 1 2 What is PBS Pro PBS Pro is the professional version of the Portable Batch System PBS a flexible work load management system originally developed to manage aerospace computing resources at NASA PBS has since become the leader in supercomputer workload management and the de facto standard on Linux clusters Today growing enterprises often support hundreds of users running thousands of jobs across different types of machines in different geographical locations In this distributed heterogeneous environment it can be extremely difficult for administrators to collect detailed accurate usage data or to set system wide resource priorities As a result ma
61. etwork Queueing System NQS 3 115 ngqs2pbs 115 Node attribute 11 defined 10 node_spec 25 38 nodes 26 property 11 Nodes Virtual Processors 10 O OMP_NUM_THREADS 112 OpenMP 112 Operator 13 PBS Pro 5 1 119 Administrator Guide Order of Nodes 39 Ordering Software and Publications x Owner 13 P Parallel job support 4 jobs 109 Operating Environment POE 112 Virtual Machine PVM 112 PBS availability 5 new features 38 PBS_DEFAULT 19 PBS_ENVIRONMENT 17 18 113 PBS_JOBID 113 PBS_JOBNAME 113 pbs_mom_globus 96 PBS_NODEFILE 39 110 113 PBS_O_HOME 113 PBS_O_HOST 113 PBS_O_LANG 113 PBS_O_LOGNAME 113 PBS_O_MAIL 113 PBS_O_PATH 113 PBS_O_QUEUE 113 PBS_O_SHELL 113 PBS_O_SYSTEM 113 PBS_O_TZ 113 PBS_O_WORKDIR 113 PBS_QUEUE 113 pbs_rcp 91 pbs_rdel 105 pbs_rstat 104 pbs_rsub 100 POE 112 Portable Batch System 11 POSIX defined 13 Processes Tasks vs CPUs 39 120 Index procs 27 PVM 112 Q qalter 77 87 qdel 78 ghold 79 qmove 84 qmsg 81 qorder 83 qrls 80 qselect 68 qsig 82 qstat 59 qsub 22 28 88 Queue defined 11 Queuing ix 7 R Requesting Nodes 109 Reservation deleting 105 showing status of 104 submitting 100 resources_list 109 S Scheduler 9 Scheduling 7 Scrollbar 54 Scyld Computing 107 Server 8 SGI MPI 111 SIGKILL 82 SIGNULL 82 SIGTERM 82 Suppressing job identifier 37 System integration 5 monitoring 4 T Task 14 TCL 41 75 Temporarily shared VP
62. eue sending signals to jobs and deleting jobs In each section below the command line method for accomplishing a particular task is presented first follwed by the xpbs method 7 1 Modifying Job Attributes There may come a time when you need to change an attribute on a job you have already submitted Perhaps you made a mistake on the resource requirements or perhaps a previ ous job ran out of time so you want to add more time to a queued job before it starts run ning Whatever the reason PBS provides the qalter command Most attributes can be changed by the owner of the job while the job is still queued How ever once a job begins execution the resource limits cannot be changed These include cputime walltime number of CPUs memory 78 Chapter 7 Working With PBS Jobs The usage syntax for qalter is galter job resources job list The job resources are the same option and value pairs used on the qsub command line See Submitting a PBS Job on page 22 Only those attributes listed as options on the command will be modified If any of the specified attributes cannot be modified for a job for any reason none of that job s attributes will be modified The following examples illustrate how to use the qalter command First we list all the jobs of a particular user Then we modify two attributes as shown increasing the wall clock time from 13 to 20 minutes and changing the job name from airfoil to twinkie
63. ext widget Keep this as fixed width font the color applied to background of frames buttons entries scrollbar handles the color applied to text in any context the color applied to the background of a selection a selected command button or a selected scroll bar handle color applied to a disabled widget color applied to buttons that signal something to the user about a change of state For example the color of the Track Job button when returned output files are detected a color shading applied to some of the frames to emphasize focus as well as decoration the color applied to the selector box of a radiobutton or check button list of hosts space separated to automatically select highlight in the HOSTS listbox list of queues space separated to automatically select highlight in the QUEUES listbox list of jobs space separated to automatically select highlight in the JOBS listbox list of owners checked when limiting the jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Specify value as Own ers lt list_of_owners gt See u option in qselect 1B for format of lt list_of_owners gt list of job states to look for do not space separate when limit ing the jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Specify value as Job_States lt states_string gt See s option in qselect 1B for format of lt states_string gt list of resource amounts space separated to consult when lim itin
64. g the jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Specify value as Resources lt res_string gt See l option in qselect 1B for format of lt res_string gt the Execution Time attribute to consult when limiting the list of jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Specify value as Queue_Time lt exec_time gt See a option in selectAcctName selectCheckpoint selectHold selectPriority selectRerun selectJobName iconizeHosts View iconizeQueues View iconizeJobs View iconizeInfo View jobResourceList PBS Pro 5 1 57 User Guide qselect 1B for format of lt exec_time gt the name of the account that will be checked when limiting the jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Specify value as Account_Name lt account_name gt See A option in qselect 1B for format of lt account_name gt the checkpoint attribute relationship including the logical oper ator to consult when limiting the list of jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Specify value as Checkpoint lt checkpoint_arg gt See c option in qse lect 1B for format of lt checkpoint_arg gt the hold types string to look for in a job when limiting the jobs appearing on the Jobs listbox in the main xpbs window Spec ify value as Hold_Types lt hold_string gt See h option in qselect 1B for format of lt hold_string gt the priority relationship inclu
65. gabytes GB rather than the default of smallest displayable units 6 1 10Display Size in Megawords The M option to qstat displays all jobs at the requested or default Server using the alternative display showing all size information in megawords MW rather than the default of smallest displayable units A word is considered to be 8 bytes 6 1 11List Nodes Assigned to Jobs The n option to qst at displays the nodes allocated to any running job at the option ally specified PBS Server in addition to the other information presented in the alternative display The node information is printed immediately below the job see job 51 in the example below and includes the node name and number of virtual processors assigned to the job A text string of is printed for non running jobs Notice the differences between the queued and running jobs in the example below Req d Elap Jobname Sess NI TSK Mem Time Time aimsl aimsl airfoil subrun 6 1 12Display Disk Reservation Information The R option to qst at is only applicable to systems running Session Reservable File System SRFS or similar disk reservation software With this option PBS displays any disk space reservations associated with the jobs PBS Pro 5 1 67 User Guide 6 1 13Display Job Comment The s option to gst at displays the job comment in addition to the other information prese
66. haracter The following two characters are supported by PBS y and n Restricts job selection to those in the specified states The states argument is a character string which consists of any combina tion of the characters E H Q R T and W The characters in the states argument have the following interpretation Table 8 Job States Viewable by Users State Meaning E the Exiting state H the Held state Q the Queued state R the Running state S the Suspended state T the Transiting state W the Waiting state Jobs will be selected which are in any of the specified states Restricts selection to jobs owned by the specified user names This provides a means of limiting the selection to jobs owned by one or more users The syntax of the user_list is user_name host user_name host 72 Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status Host names may be wild carded on the left end e g pbspro com User_name without a host is equiva lent to user_name that is at any host Jobs will be selected which are owned by the listed users at the correspond ing hosts For example say you want to list all jobs owned by user barry that requested more than 16 CPUs You could use the following gselect command syntax o qselect u barry 1 ncpus gt 16 121 south 133 south 154 south Notice that what is returned is the job identifiers of jobs that match the selectio
67. he following section defines important terms and concepts of PBS The reader should review these definitions before beginning the planning process prior to installation of PBS The terms are defined in an order that best allows the definitions to build on previous terms 10 Chapter 2 Concepts and Terms Node Nodes amp Virtual Processors Cluster Node Timeshared Node Cluster Exclusive VP A node to PBS is a computer system with a single operating system OS image a unified virtual memory space one or more CPUs and one or more IP addresses Frequently the term execution host is used for node A computer such as the SGI Origin 3000 which contains multiple CPUs running under a single OS is one node Systems like the IBM SP and Linux clusters which contain separate computational units each with their own OS are collections of nodes Nodes can be defined as either cluster nodes or timeshared nodes as discussed below A node may be declared to consist of one or more virtual pro cessors VPs The term virtual is used because the number of VPs declared does not have to equal the number of real proces sors CPUs on the physical node The default number of vir tual processors on a node is the number of currently functioning physical processors the PBS Manager can change the number of VPs as required by local policy A node whose purpose is geared toward running parallel jobs is called a cluster node If a cluster node h
68. he job sds Maximum number of data blocks on the SDS secondary size data storage for the job srfs_big Session Reservable File System SRFS space in BIG size DIR Note SRFS is not supported by Cray srfs_fast SRFS space in FASTDIR size srfs_tmp SRES space in TMPDIR size srfs_wrk SRFS space in WRKDIR size 28 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job 4 7 Job Submission Options There are many options to the qsub command The table below gives a quick summary of the available options the rest of this chapter explains how to use each one Table 3 Options to the qsub Command Option Function and Page Reference A account_string Specifying a local account on page 35 a date_time Deferring execution on page 33 c interval Specifying job checkpoint interval on page 34 e path Redirecting output and error files on page 29 h Holding a job delaying execution on page 33 f Interactive batch jobs on page 37 j join Merging output and error files on page 36 k keep Retaining output and error files on execution host on page 36 1 nodespec Node Specification Syntax on page 38 M user_list Setting e mail recipient list on page 31 m MailOptions Specifying e mail notification on page 31 N name Specifying a job name on page 31 0 path Redirecting output and error files on page 29 p
69. hich executes a job via POE bin sh PBS 1 nodes 32 pbspoe a out 9 6 OpenMP Jobs with PBS To provide support for OpenMP jobs the environment variable OMP_NUM_THREADS is created for the job with the value of the number of CPUs allocated to the job The variable NCPUS is also set to this value PBS Pro 5 1 User Guide 113 Appendix A PBS Environment Variables Table 11 PBS Environment Variables Variable Meaning PBS_O_HOME Value of HOME from submission environment PBS_O_LANG Value of LANG from submission environment PBS_O_LOGNAME Value of LOGNAME from submission environment PBS_O_PATH Value of PATH from submission environment PBS_O_MAIL Value of MAIL from submission environment PBS_O_SHELL Value of SHELL from submission environment PBS_O_TZ Value of TZ from submission environment PBS_O_HOST The host name on which the gsub command was executed PBS_O_QUEUE The original queue name to which the job was submitted PBS_O_SYSTEM The operating system name where qsub was executed PBS_O_WORKDIR The absolute path of directory where qsub was executed PBS_ENVIRONMENT Indicates if job is a batch job or a PBS interactive job PBS_JOBID The job identifier assigned to the job by the batch system PBS_JOBNAME The job name supplied by the user PBS_NODEFILE The filen
70. i fied PBS will calculate the end time based on the reservation start time and duration pbs_rsub 1 nodes 1 walltime 30 00 R 1130 R226 south UNCONFIRMED A reservation queue named R226 was created on the local PBS Server Note that the reservation is currently unconfirmed Email will be sent to the reservation owner either confirming the reservation or rejecting it The owner of the reservation can submit jobs against the reservation using the qsub command naming the reservation queue on the command line with the q option e g 104 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features qsub q R226 aims14 299 south Important The ability to submit query or delete advance reservations using the xpbs GUI is not available in the current release 8 7 2 Showing Status of PBS Reservations The pbs_rstat command is used to show the status of all the reservations on the PBS Server There are three different output formats brief short default and long The fol lowing examples illustrate these three options The brief option B will only show the identifiers of all the reservations pbs_rstat B Name R226 sout Name R302 sout Name R304 sout The short option S will show all the reservations in a short concise form This is the default display if no options are given The information provided is the identifier of the reservation name of the queue belonging to the reservation user who owns the reserva tion th
71. ill introduce several PBS commands useful for checking status of jobs queues and PBS servers Examples for use are included as are instructions on how to accomplish the same task using the xpbs graphical interface 6 1 The qgstat Command The qstat command is used to the request the status of jobs queues and the PBS server The requested status is written to standard output stream usually the user s terminal When requesting job status any jobs for which the user does not have view privilege are not displayed 6 1 1 Checking Job Status Executing the qstat command without any options displays job information in the default format An alternative display format is also provided and is discussed below The default display includes the following information The job identifier assigned by PBS The job name given by the submitter The job owner The CPU time used 60 Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status The job state The queue in which the job resides The job state is abbreviated to a single character Job is exiting after having run Job is held Job is queued eligible to run or be routed Job is running Job is in transition being moved to a new location Job is waiting for its requested execution time to be reached Job is suspended nftHynrmotin The following example illustrates the default display of qstat Name Time Use aims14 0 aims14 0 airfoil 00 21 03 airfoil 21 09 12 subrun 0 tns3d O airfoil
72. in the execution queue If checkpoint restart is not supported ghold will only set the requested hold attribute This will have no effect unless the job is rerun with the grerun command Similarly the qr1s command releases the hold on a job However the user executing the qrls command must have the necessary privilege to release a given hold The same rules apply for releasing holds as exist for setting a hold The usage syntax of the qr 1s command is grils h hold_list job_identifier The following examples illustrate how to use both the qhold and qrls commands Notice that the state S column shows how the state of the job changes with the use of these two commands qstat a 54 Req d Job Il User Queue Jobname TSK Mem Time 54 south barry workq twinkie 1 0 20 qhold 54 qstat a 54 Req d Job Il User Jobname TSK Mem Time 54 south barry twinkie 1 0 20 qrls h u 54 qstat a 54 Req d Job ID User Jobname TSK Mem Time 54 south barry twinkie 0 20 PBS Pro 5 1 81 User Guide To hold or release a job using xpbs first select the job s of interest then click the hold or release button 7 4 Sending Messages to Jobs To send a message to a job is to write a message string into one or more output files of the job Typically this is done to leave an informative message in the output of the job Such messages can be written using the qmsg command The
73. ing where jobs are run This section summarizes these changes Subsequent sections discuss the node specification in detail Chapter 9 includes additional examples First in an effort to reduce the differences between timeshared and cluster nodes a job with a l nodes nodespe c resource requirement may now run on a set of nodes that includes time shared nodes and a job without a 1 nodes nodespec may now run on a cluster node The differences between time shared and cluster nodes in release 5 1 is dis cussed later in this section The new syntax for node_spec is any combination of the following separated by colons number if it appears it must be first node name property ppn number ncpus number number any other of the above any other where ppn is the number of processes tasks per node defaults to 1 and ncpus is the number of CPUs threads per process also defaults to 1 The node specification value is one or more node_spec joined with the character For example node_spec node_spec suffix Each node_spec represents one or more nodes at run time If no number is specified one 1 is assumed The total number of virtual processors allocated per node is the product of the number of processes ppn per node times the number of CPUs per process NCPUs PBS Pro 5 1 39 User Guide The node specification can be followed by one or more global modifiers These are special flags which apply to every node
74. inutes Track Job for periodically checking for returned output files of jobs Preferences for setting parameters such as the list of server host s to query Help contains some help information About givens general information about the xpbs developer Close for exiting xpbs plus saving the current setup information PBS Pro 5 1 43 User Guide es 5 2 2 xpbs Hosts Panel The Hosts panel is composed of a leading horizontal HOSTS bar a listbox and a set of command buttons The HOSTS bar contains a minimize maximize button identified by a dot or a rectangular image for displaying or iconizing the Hosts region The listbox dis plays information about favorite server host s and each entry is meant to be selected via a single lt left mouse button gt click lt shift key gt plus lt left mouse button gt click for contigu ous selection or lt cntrl key gt plus lt left mouse button gt click for non contiguous selection 44 Chapter 5 Using the xpbs GUI To the right of the Hosts Panel are a series of buttons that represent actions that can be per formed on selected hosts s Use of these buttons will be explained in detail below The buttons are detail submit terminate provides information about selected server host s This func tionality can also be achieved by double clicking on an entry in the Hosts listbox for submitting a job to any of the queues managed by the selected host s for terminating
75. itted Otherwise the depen dency is ignored 90 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features Error processing of the existence state or condition of the job on which the newly submit ted job depends is a deferred service i e the check is performed after the job is queued If an error is detected the new job will be deleted by the server Mail will be sent to the job submitter stating the error The following examples illustrate the most common uses for job dependencies Suppose you have three jobs job1 job2 and job3 and you want job3 to start after job1l and job2 have ended The first example below illustrates the options you would use on the qsub command line to implement these job dependencies qsub job1 16394 jupiter pbspro com o qsub job2 16395 jupiter pbspro com qsub W depend afterany 16394 16395 job3 16396 jupiter pbspro com As another example suppose instead you want job2 to start only if jobl ends with no errors i e it exits with a no error status qsub job1 16397 jupiter pbspro com qsub W depend afterok 16397 job2 16396 jupiter pbspro com You can use xpbs to specify job dependencies as well On the Submit Job window in the miscellany options section far left center of window click on one of the three depen dency buttons after depend before depend or concurrency These will launch a Depen dency window in which you will be able to set up the dependencies you wish The After De
76. ming the execution host If the owner name and the execution name are different or if the destination host s etc hosts equiv file does not contain an entry for the execution host the user must have a rhosts file in her home directory of the system to which the output files are being returned The rhosts must contain an entry for the system on which the job executed with the user name under which the job was executed It is wise to have two lines one with just the base host name and one with the full host domain name If PBS is built to use the Secure Copy scp then PBS will first try to deliver output or stage in out files using scp If scp fails PBS will try again using rcp assuming that scp might not exist on the remote host If rcp also fails the above cycle will be repeated after a delay in case the problem is caused by a temporary network problem All failures are logged in MOM s log For delivery of output files on the local host PBS uses the bin cp command Local and remote Delivery of output may fail for the following additional reasons 1 A directory in the specified destination path does not exist 2 A directory in the specified destination path is not searchable by the user 3 The target directory is not writable by the user Additional information as to the cause of the delivery problem might be determined from MOM s log file Each failure is logged 8 5 Input Output File Staging File staging is a way t
77. mmands to qmgr the shortest acceptable abbreviation is underlined This fixed width font is used to denote literal commands filena mes error messages and program output Literal user input is shown in this bold fixed width font Following UNIX tradition manual page references include the corresponding section number in parentheses appended to the man page name Words or terms being defined as well as variable names are in italics PBS Pro 5 1 xi User Guide Acknowledgements PBS Pro is an enhanced commercial version of the PBS software originally developed for NASA The NASA version had a number of corporate and individual contributors over the years for which the PBS developers and PBS community is most grateful Below we pro vide formal legal acknowledgements to corporate and government entities then special thanks to individuals The NASA version of PBS contained software developed by NASA Ames Research Cen ter Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and MRJ Technology Solutions In addi tion it included software developed by the NetBSD Foundation Inc and its contributors as well as software developed by the University of California Berkeley and its contribu tors Other contributors to the NASA version of PBS include Bruce Kelly and Clark Streeter of NERSC Kent Crispin and Terry Heidelberg of LLNL John Kochmar and Rob Penning ton of Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center and Dirk Grunwald of University of Colorad
78. n criteria This may or may not be enough information for your purposes Many users will use UNIX shell syntax to pass the list of job identifiers directly into qst at for viewing purposes as shown in the next example qstat a qselect u barry 1 ncpus gt 16 Req d Elap Job ID User Queue Jobname Sess NDS TSK Mem Time Time 121 south barry workq airfoil 32 133 south barry workq trialx 20 154 south barry workg airfoil Note This technique of using the output of the qselect command as input to qstat can also be used to supply input to other PBS commands as well 6 4 Selecting Jobs Using xpbs The xpbs command provides a graphical means of specifying job selection criteria offer ing the flexibility of the gselect command in a point and click interface Above the JOBS panel in the main xpbs display is the Other Criteria button Clicking it will bring up a menu that lets you choose and select any job selection criteria you wish PBS Pro 5 1 73 User Guide The example below shows a user clicking on the Other Criteria button then selecting Job States to reveal that all job states are currently selected Clicking on any of these job states would remove that state from the selection criteria You may specify as many or as few selection criteria as you wish When you have com pleted your selection click on the Select Jobs button above the HOSTS panel to have xpbs refresh the display with the job
79. ng long term relationships with a highly sophisticated customer base PBS Pro 5 1 7 User Guide Chapter 2 Concepts and Terms PBS is a distributed workload management system As such PBS handles the manage ment and monitoring of the computational workload on a set of one or more computers Modern workload management solutions like PBS include the features of traditional batch queueing but offer greater flexibility and control than first generation batch systems such as the original UNIX batch system NQS Workload management systems have three primary roles Queuing The collecting together of work or tasks to be run on a computer Users submit tasks or jobs to the resource management system where they are queued up until the system is ready to run them Scheduling The process of selecting which jobs to run when and where according to a predetermined policy Sites balance competing needs and goals on the system s to maximize efficient use of resources both computer time and people time Monitoring The act of tracking and reserving system resources and enforcing usage policy This covers both user level and system level monitor ing as well as monitoring of the scheduling algorithms to see how well they are meeting the stated goals 8 Chapter 2 Concepts and Terms 2 1 PBS Components PBS consist of two major component types user level commands and system daemons A brief description of each is given here to help yo
80. nted in the alternative display The job comment is printed immediately below the job By default the job comment is updated by the Scheduler with the reason why a given job is not running or when the job began executing A text string of is printed for jobs whose comment has not yet been set The example below illustrates the different type of messages that may be displayed qstat s Req d Elap User Que Jobname Sess NDS TSK Mem Time S Time south james workg aims14 35 Job held by james on Wed Aug 22 13 06 south james workg aims14 Waiting on user requested start time south barry workg airfoil 930 I ee Job run on node south started Thu Aug 23 th james workq subrun a a Lo Not Running No available resources on nodes N south susan workq solver 0 6 1 14Display Queue Limits The q option to qstat displays any limits set on the requested or default queues Since PBS is shipped with no queue limits set any visible limits will be site specific The limits are listed in the format shown below qstat q server south Queue Memory CPU Time Walltime Node Run Que Lm State workg 68 Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status 6 2 Viewing Job System Status with xpbs The main display of xpbs shows a brief listing of all selected Servers all queues on those Servers and any jobs in those queues that match the sel
81. ny computing resource are left under utilized while other are over utilized At the same time users are confronted with an ever expanding array of operating systems and platforms Each year scientists engineers designers and analysts must waste countless hours learn ing the nuances of different computing environments rather than being able to focus on their core priorities PBS Pro addresses these problems for computing intensive industries such as science engineering finance and entertainment Now you can use the power of PBS Pro to take better control of your computing resources This allows you to unlock the potential in the valuable assets you already have while at PBS Pro 5 1 3 User Guide the same time reducing dependency on system administrators and operators freeing them to focus on other actives PBS Pro can also help you effectively manage growth by track ing real usage levels across your systems and enhancing effective utilization of future pur chases 1 3 History of PBS In the past UNIX systems were used in a completely interactive manner Background jobs were just processes with their input disconnected from the terminal However as UNIX moved onto larger and larger processors the need to be able to schedule tasks based on available resources increased in importance The advent of networked compute servers smaller general systems and workstations led to the requirement of a networked batch scheduling capability
82. o Boulder The ports of PBS to the Cray T3e and the IBM SP SMP were funded by DoD USAERDC Major Shared Research Center the port of PBS to the Cray SV1 was funded by DoD MSIC No list of acknowledgements for PBS would possibly be complete without special recog nition of the first two beta test sites Thomas Milliman of the Space Sciences Center of the University of New Hampshire was the first beta tester Wendy Lin of Purdue University was the second beta tester and holds the honor of submitting more problem reports than anyone else outside of NASA xii Acknowledgements PBS Pro 5 1 1 User Guide Chapter 1 Introduction This book the User Guide to the Portable Batch System Professional Edition PBS Pro is intended as your knowledgeable companion to the PBS Pro software The information herein pertains to PBS in general with specific information for PBS Pro 5 1 1 1 Book organization This book is organized into 9 chapters plus an appendix Depending on your intended use of PBS some chapters will be critical to you and others may be safely skipped Chapter 1 gives an overview of this book PBS and the PBS Products Depart ment of Veridian Chapter 2 discusses the various components of PBS and how they interact fol lowed by definitions of terms used in PBS and in distributed work load management Chapter 3 introduces the user to PBS describing the user interfaces and the user s UNIX environment Chapter 4 describ
83. o specify which files should be copied onto the execution host before the job starts and which should be copied off the execution host when it completes For file staging under Globus see PBS File Staging through GASS on page 98 The W stagein file_list and W stageout file_list options to qsub specifies which files are staged copied in before the job starts or staged out after the job completes execution On completion of the job all staged in and staged out files are removed from the execution system The file_list is in the form local_file hostname remote_file regardless of the direction of the copy The name local_file is the name of the file on the system where the job executes It may be an absolute path or relative to the home directory PBS Pro 5 1 93 User Guide of the user The name remote_file is the destination name on the host specified by host name The name may be absolute or relative to the user s home directory on the destina tion host Thus for stage in the direction of travel is local_file remote_host remote_file and for stage out the direction of travel is local_file t _ remote_host remote_file Note that all relative paths are relative to the user s home directory on the respective hosts The following example shows how to stage in a file named grid dat located in the directory u james of the computer called server The staged in file is requested to be placed relati
84. o the job when it executes The variable_list is a comma separated list of strings of the form variable or vari able value These variables and their values are passed to the job qsub v DISPLAY myvariable 32 mysubrun PBS Pro 5 1 31 User Guide 4 7 5 Specifying e mail notification The m MailOptions defines the set of conditions under which the execution server will send a mail message about the job The MailOptions argument is a string which con sists of either the single character n or one or more of the characters a bo and e If no email notification is specified the default behavior will be the same as for m a send mail when job is aborted by batch system send mail when job begins execution send mail when job ends execution do not send mail a b e n qsub m ae mysubrun bin sh PBS m b 4 7 6 Setting e mail recipient list The M user_list option declares the list of users to whom mail is sent by the exe cution server when it sends mail about the job The user_list argument is of the form user host user host If unset the list defaults to the submitting user at the qsub host i e the job owner o qsub M james pbspro com mysubrun 4 7 7 Specifying a job name The N name option declares a name for the job The name specified may be up to and including 15 characters in length It must consist of printable non white space characters with the firs
85. ocally on your workstation you can skip this section Ask your PBS admin istrator if you are unsure Otherwise make sure your X Windows session is set to permit the xpbs client to connect to your local X server Do this by running the xhost command with the name of the host from which you will be running xpbs as shown in the example below xhost server pbspro com 42 Chapter 5 Using the xpbs GUI Next on the system from which you will be running xpbs set your X Windows DIS PLAY variable to your local workstation For example if using the C shell setenv DISPLAY myWorkstation 0 0 However if you are using the Bourne or Korn shell type the following export DISPLAY myWorkstation 0 0 5 1 1 Starting xpbs Once your PBS environment is setup launch xpbs xpbs amp Doing so will bring up the main xpbs window as shown below 5 2 Introducing the xpbs Main Display The main window or display of xpbs is comprised of five collapsible subwindows or panels Each panel contains specific information Top to bottom these panel are the Menu Bar Hosts panel Queues panel Jobs panel and the Info panel 5 2 1 xpbs Menu Bar The Menu Bar is composed of a row of command buttons that signal some action with a click of the left mouse button The buttons are Manual Update forces an update of the information on hosts queues and jobs Auto Update sets an automatic update of information every user specified number of m
86. odes plus two nodes that are both fat and hippi plus one disk node a total of 12 nodes Where prime is appended as a global modifier the global property prime is appended by the Server to each element of the node specification It would be equivalent to 6 prime 3 fat primet 2 fat hippi primetdisk prime A major use of the global modifier is to provide the shared keyword This specifies that all the nodes are to be temporarily shared nodes The keyword shared is only recog nized as such when used as a global modifier 9 1 2 Parallel Jobs and Nodes PBS provides the names of the nodes allocated to a particular job in a file in usr spool PBS aux The file is owned by root but world readable The name of the file is passed to the job in the environment variable PBS_NODEFILE For IBM SP systems it is also in the variable MP_HOSTFILE A user may request multiple processes per node by adding the terms ppn for proces sor per node or cpp CPUs per process to each node expression For example to request 2 VPs on each of 3 nodes and 4 VPs on 2 more nodes the user can request 1 nodes 3 ppn 2 2 ppn 4 If a user specifies lnodes A ppn 3 then node A will be listed in the PBS_NODEF ILE three times If the user specifies Lnodes A ncpus 2 then node A will be listed in the PBS_NODEFILE once and the environment variables OMP_NUM_THREADS and NCPUS will both be set to 2 If a user specifies lLnodes A ppn 3 cpp 2
87. oeessccesocse 41 User s xpbs Environment esseere 41 Introducing the xpbs Main Display eee 42 xpbs Keyboard Mipsscaca u2 ecu eb ideesan ceed 47 Setting xpbs Preferences csscesseeeseereeneeees 48 Relationship Between PBS and xpbs 48 vi Table of Contents How to Submit a Job Using xpbs eee 49 PRIUS KPDS heiton eeann tne a i 53 The xpbs Configuration File oo cece eeeeeeeeeee 53 Widgets Used in xpbsi 2 c c tenets att eentesdaiies 53 xpbs X Windows Preferences escceesseeeeeteeees 55 Checking Job System Status cccssccsssscssscesees 59 The stat Command g sccsenesacss speck cosacs ancananseesgneea te 59 Viewing Job System Status with xpbs 68 The qselect Command is ccsisdee eavadectevssaianecoenstease 68 Selecting Jobs Using Xpbs eeeeeeseeeesteeeenteeees 72 Using xpbs TrackJob Feature n se 74 Using the qstat TCL Interface 75 Working With PBS Jobs sccsssccsssscsssscessccees 77 Modifying Job Attributes eeceeeteeeeseeenteeees 77 Deleting Jobsin ninani aiana 78 Holding and Releasing Jobs 79 Sending Messages to JODS eeeeeescceesseeeenseeeeees 81 Sending Signals to Jobs eeeeeecceesseceesteeeeneeees 82 Changing Order of Jobs Within Queue 83 Moving Jobs Between Queues 84 Advanced PBS Features sccccssssssessssssscesesess 87 Using Job Comments lt 2200 cas ceases 87 NODE X10
88. of the qsig command is qsig s signal job_identifier If the s option is not specified STGTERM is sent If the s option is specified it declares which signal is sent to the job The signal argument is either a signal name e g SIGKILL the signal name without the STG prefix e g KILL or a unsigned signal num ber e g 9 The signal name SIGNULL is allowed the server will send the signal 0 to the job which will have no effect Not all signal names will be recognized by qsig If it doesn t recognize the signal name try issuing the signal number instead The request to signal a batch job will be rejected if The user is not authorized to signal the job The job is not in the running state The requested signal is not supported by the system upon which The job is exiting Two special signal names suspend and resume note all lower case are used to sus pend and resume jobs When suspended a job continues to occupy system resources but is not executing and is not charged for walltime Manager or operator privilege is required to suspend or resume a job PBS Pro 5 1 83 User Guide The three examples below all send a signal 9 SIGKILL to job 34 qsig s SIGKILL 34 qsig s KILL 34 qsig s 9 34 Important On most systems the command kill 1 that s minus ell will list all the available signals The UNIX manual page for kill 1 usually also lists the available signals
89. over two or more Globus resource managers 8 6 5 Examples Here are some examples of using PBS with Globus Example 1 If you want to run a single processor job on globus gatekeeper mars pbspro com jobmanager fork then you could create a pbs script like the following example cat job script PBS 1 site globus mars pbspro com jobmanager fork echo hostname Hello world Globus style Upon execution this will give the sample output mars Hello world Globus style Example 2 If you want to run a multi processor job on globus gatekeeper pluto pbspro com jobmanager fork with cpu count set to 4 and shipping the architecture compatible executable mpitest over to the Globus host pluto for execution then compose a script and submit as follows PBS Pro 5 1 99 User Guide cat job script PBS 1 site globus pluto pbspro com 763 jobmanager fork C US 0O Communications Package OU Stellar Divi sion CN shirley com org PBS 1 ncpus 4 PBS W stagein mpitest earth pbspro com progs mpitest u jill mpitest amp u jill mpitest amp u jill mpitest amp u jill mpitest amp wait Upon execution this sample script would produce the following output Process 2 of 4 on host pluto at time Mon Aug 29 17 39 01 2000 Process 3 of 4 on host pluto at time Mon Aug 29 17 39 01 2000 Process 1 of 4 on host pluto at time Mon Aug 29 17 39 01 2
90. ox The criteria command buttons are accompanied by a Select Jobs button which when clicked will update the contents of the Jobs listbox based on the new selection criteria Note that only jobs that meet all the selected criteria will be displayed Finally to the right of the Jobs panel are the following command buttons for operating on selected job s detail provides information about selected job s This functionality can also be achieved by double clicking on a Jobs listbox entry modify for modifying attributes of the selected job s delete for deleting the selected job s hold for placing some type of hold on selected job s release for releasing held job s signal for sending signals to selected job s that are running msg for writing a message into the output streams of selected job s move for moving selected job s into some specified destination PBS Pro 5 1 47 User Guide order for exchanging order of two selected jobs in a queue run for running selected job s admin only rerun for requeueing selected job s that are running admin only The middle portion of the Jobs Panel has abbreviated column names indicating the infor mation being displayed as the following table shows Table 6 xpbs Job Column Headings Heading Meaning Job id Job Identifier Name Name assigned to job or script name User User name under which job is running PEs Number of Processing Elements CPUs requested
91. pendency dialog box is shown below PBS Pro 5 1 91 User Guide 8 4 Delivery of Output Files To transfer output files or to transfer staged in or staged out files to from a remote desti nation PBS uses either rcp or scp depending on the configuration options PBS includes a version of the rcp 1 command from the BSD 4 4 lite distribution renamed pbs_rcp This version of rcp is provided because it unlike some rcp implementation always exits with a non zero exits status for any error Thus MOM knows if the file was delivered or not Fortunately the secure copy program scp is also based on this version of rcp and exits with the proper status code Using rcp the copy of output or staged files can fail for at least two reasons 1 Ifthe user s cshrc script outputs any characters to standard out put e g contains an echo command pbs_rcp will fail 2 The user must have permission to rsh to the remote host Output is delivered to the remote destination host with the remote file owner s name being the job owner s name job submitter On the execution host the file is owned by the user s execution name which may be different from the job owner s name For more information see the u user_list option on the qsub 1 command If these two names are identical permission to rcp may be granted at the sys 92 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features tem level by an entry in the destination host s etc host equiv file na
92. play and then clicking the stop tracking button PBS Pro 5 1 75 User Guide 6 6 Using the qstat TCL Interface If gst at is compiled with an option to include a tcl interpreter using the f flag to get a full display causes a check to be made for a script file to use to output the requested infor mation The first location checked is SHOME qstatrc If this does not exist the next location checked is administrator configured If one of these is found a Tcl interpreter is started and the script file is passed to it along with three global variables The command line arguments are split into two variable named flags and operands The status information is passed in a variable named objects All of these variables are Tcl lists The flags list contains the name of the command usually qst at as its first ele ment Any other elements are command line option flags with any options they use pre sented in the order given on the command line They are broken up individually so that if two flags are given together on the command line they are separated in the list For exam ple if the user typed qstat QfWbigdisplay the flags list would contain qstat Q f W bigdisplay The operands list contains all other command line arguments following the flags There will always be at least one element in operands because if no operands are typed by the user the default destination or server name is used The objects list contains all the infor ma
93. r under whose user id the job executed The file name will be the default file name given by job_name esequence where job_name is the name specified for the job and sequence is the sequence number component of the job identifier o The standard output stream is to retained on the execution host The stream will be placed in the home directory of the user under whose user id the job executed The file name will be the default file name given by job_name osequence where job_name is the name specified for the job and sequence is the sequence number component of the job identifier eo Both standard output and standard error will be retained oe Both standard output and standard error will be retained n Neither stream is retained PBS Pro 5 1 37 User Guide qsub k oe mysubrun bin sh PBS k eo 4 7 19 Suppressing job identifier The z option directs the qsub command to not write the job identifier assigned to the job to the command s standard output qsub z mysubrun bin sh PBS z 4 7 20 Interactive batch jobs The I option declares that the job is to be run interactively The job will be queued and scheduled as any PBS batch job but when executed the standard input output and error streams of the job are connected through qsub to the terminal session in which qsub is running If the I option is specified on the command line or in a script directive the job is an interactive
94. r 5 Using the xpbs GUI First select a host from the HOSTS listbox in the main xpbs display to which you wish to submit the job Next click on the Submit button located next to the HOSTS panel The Submit button brings up the Submit Job Dialog box which is composed of four distinct regions The Job Script File region is at the upper left The OPTIONS region containing various widgets for setting job attributes is scattered all over the dialog box The OTHER OPTIONS is located just below the Job Script file region and Command Buttons region is at the bottom The job script region is composed of a header box the text box FILE entry box and two buttons labeled load and save If you have a script file containing PBS options and execut able lines then type the name of the file on the FILE entry box and then click on the load button Alternatively you may click on the file button which will display a File Selection PBS Pro 5 1 51 User Guide browse window from which you may point and click to select the file you wish to open The File Selection Dialog window is shown below Clicking on the Select File button will load the file into xpbs just as does the load button described above The various fields in the Submit window will get loaded with values found in the script file The script file text box will only be loaded with executable lines non PBS found in the script The job script header box has a Prefix entry box that can b
95. rought to you by the same team that originally developed PBS for NASA over eight years ago In addition to the core engineering team the Veridian PBS Products department includes individuals who have supported PBS on computers all around the world including the largest supercomputers in existence The staff includes internationally recognized experts in resource and job scheduling supercomputer opti mization message passing programming parallel computation and distributed high per formance computing In addition the PBS team includes co architects of the NASA Metacenter the first full production geographically distributed meta computing environment co architects of the Department of Defense MetaQueueing Project co architects of the NASA Information Power Grid and co chair of the Global Grid Forum s Scheduling Group Veridian staff are routinely invited as speakers on a variety of information technology topics Veridian is an advanced information technology company delivering trusted solutions in the areas of national defense critical infrastructure and essential business systems A pri vate company with annual revenues of 650 million Veridian operates at more than 50 locations in the US and overseas and employs nearly 5 000 computer scientists and soft ware development engineers systems analysts information security and forensics special ists and other information technology professionals The company is known for building stro
96. rror message is displayed The new PBS script will be deleted if any errors occur Section Setting Up Your Own Environment on page 17 discusses PBS environment variables For NQS compatibility the variable ENVIRONMENT is provided set to the same value as PBS_ENVIRONMENT A queue complex in NQS was a set of queues within a batch server The purpose of a com plex was to provide additional control over resource usage The advanced scheduling fea tures of PBS eliminates the requirement for queue complexes 116 Appendix B Converting From NQS NQE to PBS Index A Access Control 4 106 Account 12 Accounting 4 106 Administrator 12 Administrator Guide ix Aerospace computing 2 Ames Research Center xi API ix 5 9 12 Attribute account_string 35 arch 26 comment 87 cput 26 defined 12 mem 26 modifing 77 mppe 27 mppt 27 mta 27 ncpus 26 40 112 nice 26 pcput 26 pf 27 pmem 26 pmppt 27 pnepus 27 PBS Pro 5 1 117 User Guide ppf 27 priority 5 33 psds 27 pymem 26 rerunable 13 32 resources_list 25 sds 27 software 26 srfs_big 27 srfs_fast 27 srfs_tmp 27 srfs_wrk 27 vmem 26 walltime 26 B Batch job 16 processing 12 Beowulf Clusters 107 BEOWULF_JOB_MAP 107 113 C Changing Order of Jobs Within Queue 83 Checking status of jobs 59 of queues 63 of server 62 118 Index Checkpointing interval 34 SGI MPI 111 CLI 16 Cluster 10 Cluster Node 10 Command line interface 16 Common User En
97. rs pressed then hitting the lt RETURN gt key will automatically select the button A text region is an editor like widget This widget is brought into focus with a click of the left mouse button To manipulate this widget simply type in the text Use of arrow keys backspace delete key mouse selection of text for deletion or overwrite copying and past ing with sole use of mouse buttons are permitted This widget is usually accompanied by a scrollbar for vertically scanning a long entry 5 10 xpbs X Windows Preferences The resources that can be set in the X resources file xpbsrc are serverHosts list of server hosts space separated to query by xpbs A spe cial keyword PBS_DEFAULT_SERVER can be used which will be used as a placeholder for the value obtained from the et c pbs conf file timeoutSecs specify the number of seconds before timing out waiting for a connection to a PBS host 56 Chapter 5 Using the xpbs GUI xtermCmd labelFont fixlabelFont textFont backgroundColor foregroundColor activeColor disabledColor sionalColor shadingColor selectorColor selectHosts selectQueues selectJobs selectOwners selectStates selectRes selectExecTime the xterm command to run driving an interactive PBS session font applied to text appearing in labels font applied to text that label fixed width widgets such as list box labels This must be a fixed width font font applied to a t
98. s To submit a Globus job users must specify the globus resource name gatekeeper as the following example shows qsub 1 site globus globus resource name pbsjob The pbs_mom_globus daemon must be running on the same host where the pbs_server is running Be sure the pbs_server has a nodes file entry server host gl1 in order for globus job status to be communicated back to the server by pbs_mom_globus Be sure to have in your PBS Scheduler the ability to recognize a Globus job and to run it immediately regardless of any scheduling parameters A Globus job is the one with a resource specification of site globus Also be sure to create a Globus proxy certificate by running the utility grid proxy init in order to submit jobs to Globus without a password If user s job fails to run due to an expired proxy credential or non existent credential then the job will be put on hold and the user will be notified of the error by email 8 6 2 PBS and Globusrun If you re familiar with the globusrun utility the following mappings of options from PBS to an RSL string may be of use to you PBS Pro 5 1 97 User Guide Table 9 qsub Options vs Globus RSL PBS Option Globus RSL Mapping site globus lt globus_gatekeeper gt specifies the gatekeeper to contact ncpus yyy count yyy A lt account_name gt project lt account_name gt l walltime yyy cput yyy pcput yyy maxtime yyy where yyy is in minutes o
99. s xpbs is built on top of the PBS client commands such that all the features of the com mand line interface are available thru the GUI Each task that you perform using xpbs is converted into the necessary PBS command and then run on your behalf PBS Pro 5 1 49 User Guide Table 7 xpbs Buttons and PBS Commands Location Command Button PBS Command Hosts Panel detail qstat B f lt selected server_host s gt Hosts Panel terminate qterm lt selected server_host s gt Queues Panel detail qstat Q f lt selected queue s gt Queues Panel stop qstop lt selected queue s gt Queues Panel start qstart lt selected queue s gt Queues Panel enable qenable lt selected queue s gt Queues Panel disable qdisable lt selected queue s gt Jobs Panel detail qstat f lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel modify qalter lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel delete qdel lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel hold ghold lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel release qrls lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel run qrun lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel rerun qrerun lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel signal qsig lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel msg qmsg lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel move qmove lt selected job s gt Jobs Panel order qorder lt selected job s gt 5 6 How to Submit a Job Using xpbs To submit a job using xpbs perform the following steps 50 Chapte
100. s gb or gw Giga 1 073 741 824 bytes or words is comprised of a series of alpha numeric characters containing no whitespace beginning with an alphabetic character specifies the maximum amount of a resource which is expressed as a simple integer Different resources are available on different systems often depending on the architecture of the computer itself The table below lists the available resources that can be requested by PBS jobs on any system Following that is a table of additional PBS resources that may be requested on computer systems running the Cray UNICOS operating system 26 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job Table 1 PBS Resources Available on All Systems Resource Meaning Units arch System architecture needed by job string p t Total amount of CPU time required by all processes in time job file Maximum disk space requirements for a single file to be size created by job mem Total amount of RAM memory required by job size ncpus Number of CPUs processors required by job unitary nice Requested nice UNIX priority value for job unitary nodes Number and or type of nodes needed by job See also node_spec Node Specification Syntax on page 38 pcput Maximum amount of CPU time used by any single pro time cess in the job pmem Maximum amount of physical memory workingset size used by any single process of the job pvmem Maximum amount of
101. s that match your selection criteria The selected cri teria will remain in effect until you change them again If you exit xpbs you will be prompted if you wish to save your configuration information this includes the job selec tion criteria 74 Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status 6 5 Using xpbs TrackJob Feature The xpbs command includes a feature that allows you to track the progress of your jobs When you enable the Track Job feature xpbs will monitor your jobs looking for the out put files that signal completion of the job The Track Job button will flash red on the xpbs main display and if you then click it xpbs will display a list of all completed jobs that you were previously tracking Selecting one of those jobs will launch a window con taining the standard output and standard error files associated with the job To enable xpbs job tracking click on the Track Job button at the top center of the main xpbs display Doing so will bring up the Track Job dialog box shown below From this window you can name the users who jobs you wish to monitor You also need to specify where you expect the output files to be either local or remote e g will the files be retained on the Server host or did you request them to be delivered to another host Next click the start reset tracking button and then the close window button Note that you can disable job tracking at any time by clicking the Track Job button on the main xpbs dis
102. se first non white space char acter is If directives occur on subsequent lines they will be ignored A line in the script file will be processed as a directive to qsub if and only if the string of characters starting with the first non white space character on the line and of the same length as the directive prefix matches the directive prefix i e PBS The remainder of the directive line consists of the options to qsub in the same syntax as they appear on the command line The option character is to be preceded with the character If an option is present in both a directive and on the command line that option and its argument if any will be ignored in the directive The command line takes precedence If an option is present in a directive and not on the command line that option and its argu ment if any will be processed as if it had occurred on the command line 4 5 User Authorization When the user submits a job from a system other than the one on which the PBS Server is running the name under which the job is to be executed is selected according to the rules listed under the u option to qsub see Specifying job userID on page 34 The user submitting the job must be authorized to run the job under the execution user name This authorization is provided if 1 The host on which qsub is run is trusted by the execution host see etc hosts equiv 2 The execution user has an rhosts file naming the
103. se of the API to implement new commands if so desired An attribute is an inherent characteristic of a parent object Server queue job or node Typically this is a data item whose value affects the operation or behavior of the object and can be set by the owner of the object For example the user can supply values for attributes of a job This refers to the capability of running jobs outside of the interactive login environment A complex is a collection of hosts managed by one batch sys tem It may be made up of nodes that are allocated to only one job at a time or of nodes that have many jobs executing at once on each node or a combination of these two scenarios This is the location within PBS where a job is sent for processing A destination may be a single queue at a single Server or it may map into multiple possible locations tried in turn until one accepts the job This is a string that names the destination It is composed two parts and has the format queue server where server is the name of a PBS Server and queue is the string identifying a queue on that Server File staging is the movement of files between a specified Group ID GID Group Hold Job or Batch Job Manager Operator Owner POSIX Rerunable Stage In Stage Out PBS Pro 5 1 13 User Guide location and the execution host See Stage In and Stage Out below This unique number represents a specific group see Group
104. select All button to select all entries or deselect all entries at once e double clicking an entry usually activates some action that uses the selected entry as a parameter A scrollbar usually appears either vertically or horizontally and contains 5 distinct areas that are mouse clicked to achieve different effects top arrow slider bottom arrow top gap bottom gap Causes the view in the associated widget to shift up by one unit i e the object appears to move down one unit in its window If the button is held down the action will auto repeat Pressing button 1 in this area has no immediate effect except to cause the slider to appear sunken rather than raised However if the mouse is moved with the button down then the slider will be dragged adjusting the view as the mouse is moved Causes the view in the associated window to shift down by one unit i e the object appears to move up one unit in its window If the button is held down the action will auto repeat The area between the top arrow and the slider Causes the view in the associated window to shift up by one less than the number of units in the window i e the portion of the object that used to appear at the very top of the window will now appear at the very bottom If the button is held down the action will auto repeat The area between the bottom arrow and the slider Causes the view in the associated window to shift down by one less than the numb
105. servation feature See Advance Res ervation of Resources on page 100 User Support for OpenMP jobs See OpenMP Jobs with PBS on page 112 Important The full list of new features in this release of PBS Pro is given in the PBS Administrator Guide 16 Chapter 3 Getting Started With PBS 3 2 Introducing PBS Pro From the user s perspective a workload management system allows you to make more efficient use of your time You specify the tasks you need executed The system takes care of running these tasks and returning the results back to you If the available computers are full then the workload management system holds your jobs and run them when the resources are available With PBS you create a batch job which you then submit to PBS A batch job is simply a shell script containing the set of commands you want run on the computers It also con tains directives which specify the characteristics attributes of the job and resource requirements such as memory or CPU time that your job needs Once you create your PBS job you can reuse it if you wish Or you can modify it for subsequent runs For exam ple here is a simple PBS job bin sh PBS 1 walltime 1 00 00 PBS 1 mem 400mb PBS 1 ncpus 4 subrun Don t worry about the details just yet the next chapter will explain how to create a batch job of your own PBS also provides a special kind of batch job called interactive batch An interactive
106. state information The settings will be saved in the xpbs configuration file and will be used the next time you run xpbs 5 8 The xpbs Configuration File Upon exit the xpbs state may be written to the user s SHOME xpbsrc file Informa tion saved includes the selected host s queue s and job s the different jobs listing cri teria the view states i e minimized maximized of the Hosts Queues Jobs and INFO regions and all settings in the Preferences section In addition there is a system wide xpbs configuration file maintained by the PBS Administrator which is used in the absence of a user s personal xpbsrc file 5 9 Widgets Used in xpbs The various panels boxes and regions collectively called widgets of xpbs and how they are manipulated are described in the following sections A listbox can be multi selectable a number of entries can be selected highlighted using a 54 Chapter 5 Using the xpbs GUI mouse click or single selectable one entry can be highlighted at a time For a multi selectable listbox the following operations are allowed a single click with mouse button 1 to select highlight an entry b shift key mouse button to contiguously select more than one entry c cntrl key mouse button 1 to non contiguously select more than one entry NOTE For systems running Tk lt 4 0 the newly selected item is reshuffled to appear next to already selected items d click the Select All De
107. sub a 0700 mysubrun bin sh PBS a 10220700 4 7 12 Holding a job delaying execution The h option specifies that a user hold be applied to the job at submission time The job will be submitted then placed in a hold state The job will remain ineligible to run until the hold is released For details on releasing a held job see Holding and Releasing Jobs on page 79 34 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job o qsub h mysubrun bin sh PBS h 4 7 13 Specifying job checkpoint interval The c interval option defines the interval at which the job will be checkpointed If the job executes upon a host which does not support checkpointing this option will be ignored The interval argument is specified as n No checkpointing is to be performed s Checkpointing is to be performed only when the server execut ing the job is shutdown c Checkpointing is to be performed at the default minimum time for the server executing the job c minutes Checkpointing is to be performed at an interval of minutes which is the integer number of minutes of CPU time used by the job This value must be greater than zero u Checkpointing is unspecified Unless otherwise stated u is woe treated the same as s 66 99 If c is not specified the checkpoint attribute is set to the value u qsub c s mysubrun bin sh PBS c 10 00 4 7 14 Specifying job userID The u user_list
108. submitting user on the submitting host 4 6 PBS System Resources You can request a variety of resources that can be allocated and used by your job includ ing CPUs memory time walltime or cputime and or disk space As we saw above resources are specified using the 1 resource_list option to qsub or in your job script Doing so defines the resources that are required by the job and establishes a limit to PBS Pro 5 1 25 User Guide the amount of resource that can be consumed If not set for a generally available resource such as CPU time the limit is infinite The resource_list argument is of the form resource_name value resource_name value The resource values are specified using the following units node_spec time size string unitary specifies the number and type of nodes processors per node tasks per node etc See Node Specification Syntax on page 38 for a complete explanation of use specifies a maximum time period the resource can be used Time is expressed in seconds as an integer or in the form hours minutes seconds milliseconds specifies the maximum amount in terms of bytes or words It is expressed in the form integer suffix The suffix is a multi plier defined in the following table The size of a word is the word size on the execution host borw bytes or words kb or kw Kilo 1024 bytes or words mb or mw Mega 1 048 576 bytes or word
109. t character alphabetic If the N option is not specified the job name will be the base name of the job script file specified on the command line If no script file name was specified and the script was read from the standard input then the job name will be set to STDIN 32 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job o qsub N myName mysubrun bin sh PBS N myName 4 7 8 Marking a job as rerunnable or not The r value option declares whether the job is rerunable To rerun a job is to termi nate the job and requeue it in the execution queue in which the job currently resides The 66 99 66 29 oe 29 value argument is a single character either y or n If the argument is y the job is oe bed oe 29 rerunable If the argument is n the job is not rerunable The default value is y rerun able qsub r n mysubrun bin sh PBS r n 4 7 9 Specifying which shell to use The S path_list option declares the shell that interprets the job script The option argument path_list is in the form path host path host Only one path may be specified for any host named and only one path may be specified without the corresponding host name The path selected will be the one with the host name that matched the name of the execution host If no matching host is found then the path speci fied without a host will be selected if present If the S option is not specified the option arg
110. t devel oped PBS for NASA released the Portable Batch System Professional Edition PBS Pro a complete workload management solution 4 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 4 Why Use PBS Pro PBS Pro provides many features and benefits to both the computer system user and to companies as a whole A few of the more important features are listed below to give the reader both an indication of the power of PBS and an overview of the material that will be covered in later chapters in this book Enterprise wide Resource Sharing provides transparent job scheduling on any PBS sys tem by any authorized user Jobs can be submitted from any client system both local and remote crossing domains where needed Multiple User Interfaces provides a graphical user interface for submitting batch and interactive jobs querying job queue and system status and monitoring job progress Also provides a traditional command line interface Security and Access Control Lists permit the administrator to allow or deny access to PBS systems on the basis of username group host and or network domain Job Accounting offers detailed logs of system activities for charge back or usage analysis per user per group per project and per compute host Automatic File Staging provides users with the ability to specify any files that need to be copied onto the execution host before the job runs and any that need to be copied off after the job completes The job will be scheduled
111. t have a node specification resource requirement but does specify a number of CPUs via the 1 ncpus syntax is allocated processors as if the job did have a node specification of the form lnodes 1 ncpus 4 8 5 Time shared vs Cluster Nodes For those already familiar with PBS Pro in version 5 1 the difference between time shared and cluster nodes have been reduced to 1 _Time shared nodes are first choice for jobs that do not have a node specification 2 Time share nodes may not be requested exclusively with the excl suffix 3 More processes than CPUs can be run on time shared nodes but not on cluster nodes 4 Allocation of cluster nodes remains based on the number of virtual processors PBS Pro 5 1 41 User Guide Chapter 5 Using the xpbs GUI The PBS graphical user interface is called xpbs and provides a user friendly point and click interface to the PBS commands xpbs runs under the X Windows system and uti lizes the tcl tk graphics toolsuite while providing the user with the same functionality as the PBS CLI commands In this chapter we introduce xpbs and show how to create a PBS job using xpbs 5 1 User s xpbs Environment In order to use xpbs you need to first set up your environment as described in User s PBS Environment on page 17 Depending on how PBS is installed at your site you may need to allow xpbs to display on your workstation However if the PBS client commands are installed l
112. t the job e g resources requested resource limits owner source destination queue etc as shown in the following exam ple 64 Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status qstat f 89 Job Id 89 south Job_Name tns3d Job_Owner susan south pbspro com resources_used cput 00 00 00 resources_used mem 2700kb resources_used vmem 5500kb resources_used walltime 00 00 00 job_state R queue workg server south Checkpoint u ctime Thu Aug 23 10 11 09 2001 Error_Path south u susan tns3d e89 exec_host south 0 Hold_Types n Join_Path oe Keep_Files n Mail_Points a mtime Thu Aug 23 10 41 07 2001 Output_Path south u susan tns3d 089 Priority 0 qtime Thu Aug 23 10 11 09 2001 Rerunable True Resource_List ncpus Resource_List walltime 00 20 00 session_id 2083 substate 42 Variable List PBS_O_HOME u susan PBS_O_LANG en_US PBS _O LOGNAME susan PBS_O PATH bin usr bin PBS_O _SHELL bin csh PBS_O _HOST south PBS _O WORKDIR u susan PBS_O_SYSTEM Linux PBS_O_QUEUE workg user susan group mrj ueue_rank 88 ueue_type E omment Job run on node south started at 10 41 time Thu Aug 23 10 11 09 2001 PBS Pro 5 1 65 User Guide 6 1 6 List User Specific Jobs The u option to qst at displays jobs owned by any of a list of user names specified The syntax of the list of users is
113. t_string is an undefined string of characters and is interpreted by the server which executes the job This value is often used by sites to track usage by locally defined account names qsub A acct mysubrun bin sh PBS A accountNumber 36 Chapter 4 Submitting a PBS Job 4 7 17 Merging output and error files The j join option declares if the standard error stream of the job will be merged with the standard output stream of the job A join argument value of oe directs that the two streams will be merged intermixed as standard output A join argument value of eo directs that the two streams will be merged intermixed as standard error If the join argu ment is n or the option is not specified the two streams will be two separate files o qsub j oe mysubrun bin sh PBS j eo 4 7 18 Retaining output and error files on execution host The k keep option defines which if either of standard output or standard error will be retained on the execution host If set for a stream this option overrides the path name for that stream If not set neither stream is retained on the execution host The argument is either the single letter e or o or the letters e and o combined in either order Or the argument is the letter n If k is not specified neither stream is retained e The standard error stream is to retained on the execution host The stream will be placed in the home directory of the use
114. taging dialog box shown below in which you will be able to set up the file staging you desire The File Selection Box will be initialized with your current working directory If you wish to select a different directory double click on its name xpbs with then list the contents of the new directory in the File Selection Box When the correct directory is displayed sim ply click on the name of the file you wish to stage in or out Its name will be written in the File Selected area PBS Pro 5 1 95 User Guide Next click either of the Add file selected button to add the named file to either the stage in or stage out list Doing so will write the file name into the corresponding area on the lower half of the File Staging window Now you need to provide location information For stage in type in the path and filename where you want the named file placed For stage out specify the hostname and pathname where you want the named file delivered You may repeat this process for as many files as you need to stage When you are done selecting files click the OK button 96 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features 8 6 Globus Support Globus is a computational software infrastructure that integrates geographically distrib uted computational and information resources Jobs are normally submitted to Globus using the utility gLobusrun When Globus support is enabled for PBS jobs can be routed between Globus and PBS 8 6 1 Running Globus job
115. tempo rarily shared nodes some VPs may be allocated commonly to both jobs and some may be unique to one of the jobs When a VP is allo cated on a temporarily shared basis it remains so until all jobs using it are terminated Then the VP may be re allocated either again for temporarily shared use or for exclusive use If a host is defined as timeshared it will never be allocated exclu sively or temporarily shared A policy wherein jobs are distributed across multiple timeshared hosts to even out the workload on each host Being a policy the dis tribution of jobs across execution hosts is solely a function of the Job Scheduler A queue is a named container for jobs within a Server There are two types of queues defined by PBS routing and execution A rout ing queue is a queue used to move jobs to other queues including those that exist on different PBS Servers Routing queues are simi lar to the NQS pipe queues A job must reside in an execution queue to be eligible to run and remains in an execution queue during the time it is running In spite of the name jobs in a queue need not be processed in queue order first come first served or FIFO Nodes have attributes associated with them that provide control information The attributes defined for nodes are state type ntype the list of jobs to which the node is allocated properties max_running max_user_run max_group_run and both assigned and available resources resources_
116. ter Meaning n none u user o operator S system Restricts selection of jobs to those with specified resource amounts Only those jobs will be selected whose Resource_List attribute matches the specified relation with each resource and value listed in the resource_list argument The resource_list is in the following format resource_nameopvalue resource_nameopval The relation operator op must be present Restricts selection of jobs to those with a specific name Restricts selection of jobs to those with a priority that matches the specified relationship If op is not specified jobs are selected for which the job Priority attribute is equal to the prior 1ty Restricts selection to those jobs residing at the specified desti nation The destination may be one of the following three forms queue server queue server If the q option is not specified jobs will be selected from the default server If the destination describes only a queue only r rerun S States u user_list PBS Pro 5 1 71 User Guide jobs in that queue on the default batch server will be selected If the destination describes only a server then jobs in all queues on that server will be selected If the destination describes both a queue and a server then only jobs in the named queue on the named server will be selected Restricts selection of jobs to those with the specified Rerunable attribute The option argument must be a single c
117. then node A will be listed 3 times and the environment variables OMP_NUM_THREADS and NCPUS will both be set to 2 If a user specifies lnodes A ppn 2 B ppn 2 then both node A and node B will be listed in the PBS_NODEF ILE twice However the listing will have the new ordering of A B A B not A A B B as before If lLnodes A ppn 2 B ppn 3 is given then the PBS Pro 5 1 111 User Guide ordering in the PBS_NODEFILE is A B A B B This allows a user to request varying numbers of processes on nodes and by setting the number of NPROC on the mpirun com mand to the total number of allocated nodes run one process on each node This is useful if one set of files have to be created on each node by a setup process regardless of the number of processes that will run on the nodes during the computation phase 9 2 MPI Jobs with PBS On a typical system to execute a Message Passing Interface MPI program you would use the mpi run command For example here is a sample PBS script for a MPI job bin sh PBS 1 nodes 32 mpirun np 32 machinefile SPBS_NOI Or when using a version of MPI that is integrated with PBS bin sh PBS 1 nodes 32 mpirun np 32 a out 9 3 Checkpointing SGI MPI Jobs Under Irix 6 5 and later MPI parallel jobs as well as serial jobs can be checkpointed and restarted on SGI systems provided certain criteria are met SGI s checkpoint system call cannot checkpoint processes that have
118. tion retrieved from the Server s so the Tcl interpreter can run once to format the entire output This list has the same number of elements as the operands list Each element is another list with two elements The first element is a string giving the type of objects to be found in the second The string can take the values server queue job or error The second element will be a list in which each element is a single batch status object of the type given by the string discussed above In the case of error the list will be empty Each object is again a list The first element is the name of the object The second is a list of attributes The third element will be the object text All three of these object elements correspond with fields in the structure batch_status which is described in detail for each type of object by the man pages for pbs_statjob 3 pbs_statque 3 and pbs_statserver 3 Each attribute in the second element list whose elements corre spond with the att r1 structure Each will be a list with two elements The first will be the attribute name and the second will be the attribute value 76 Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status PBS Pro 5 1 77 User Guide Chapter 7 Working With PBS Jobs This chapter introduces the reader to various commands useful in working with PBS jobs Covered topics include modifying job attributes holding and releasing jobs sending mes sages to jobs changing order of jobs within a qu
119. to run only after the required files have been successfully transferred Parallel Job Support works with parallel programming libraries such as MPI PVM and HPF Applications can be scheduled to run within a single multi processor computer or across multiple systems System Monitoring includes a graphical user interface for system monitoring Displays node status job placement and resource utilization information for both stand alone sys tems and clusters Job Interdependency enables the user to define a wide range of inter dependencies between jobs Such dependencies include execution order synchronization and execution conditioned on the success or failure of another specific job or set of jobs Computational Grid Support provides an enabling technology for meta computing and computational grids including support for the Globus Grid Toolkit PBS Pro 5 1 5 User Guide Comprehensive API includes a complete Application Programming Interface API for sites who desire to integrate PBS with other applications or who wish to support unique job scheduling requirements Automatic Load Leveling provides numerous ways to distribute the workload across a cluster of machines based on hardware configuration resource availability keyboard activity and local scheduling policy Distributed Clustering allows customers to utilize physically distributed systems and clus ters even across wide area networks Common User Environment offers
120. tton gt click for contiguous selection or lt cntrl key gt plus lt lift mouse button gt click for non contiguous selection To the right of the Queues Panel area are a series of buttons that represent actions that can be performed on selected queue s detail stop start disable enable provides information about selected queue s This functionality can also be achieved by double clicking on a Queue listbox entry for stopping the selected queue s admin only for starting the selected queue s admin only for disabling the selected queue s admin only for enabling the selected queue s admin only The middle portion of the Queues Panel has abbreviated column names indicating the information being displayed as the following table shows Table 5 xpbs Queue Column Headings Heading Meaning Max Maximum number of jobs permitted Tot Count of jobs currently enqueued in any state Ena Is queue enabled yes or no Str Is queue started yes or no Que Count of jobs in the Queued state Run Count of jobs in the Running state Hld Count of jobs in the Held state Wat Count of jobs in the Waiting state Trn Count of jobs in the Transiting state Ext Count of jobs in the Exiting state Type Type of queue execution or route 46 Chapter 5 Using the xpbs GUI Table 5 xpbs Queue Column Headings Heading Meaning
121. u ment by the optional op operator The date_time argument is in the POSIX date format CC YY MMDDhhmm SS where the MM is the two digits for the month DD is the day of the month hh is the hour mm is the minute and the optional SS is the seconds CC is the century and YY the year If op is not specified jobs will be selected for which the Execution_Time and date_time values are equal Restricts selection to jobs whose Account_Name attribute matches the specified account_string Restricts selection to jobs whose Checkpoint interval attribute matches the specified relationship The values of the Check point attribute are defined to have the following ordered rela tionship n gt s gt c minutes gt c gt u If the optional op is not specified jobs will be selected whose Checkpoint attribute is equal to the interval argument Restricts the selection of jobs to those with a specific set of hold types Only those jobs will be selected whose Hold_Types attribute exactly match the value of the hold_list argument The 70 Chapter 6 Checking Job System Status l resource_list N name p op priority q destination hold_list argument is a string consisting of one or more occur rences the single letter n or one or more of the letters u o or s in any combination If letters are duplicated they are treated as if they occurred once The letters represent the hold types Let
122. u understand how the pieces fit together and how they affect you Server PBS Commands MOM Batch Job Scheduler Commands Job Server PBS supplies both UNIX command line programs that are POSIX 1003 2d conforming and a graphical interface These are used to submit monitor modify and delete jobs These cli ent commands can be installed on any system type supported by PBS and do not require the local presence of any of the other components of PBS There are three command classifications user commands which any authorized user can use operator commands and manager or administrator commands Operator and manager commands require specific access privileges as discussed in chapter 11 of the PBS Administrator Guide The Job Server daemon is the central focus for PBS Within this document it is generally referred to as the Server or by the execution name pbs_server All commands and the other dae PBS Pro 5 1 9 User Guide mons communicate with the Server via an Internet Protocol IP network The Server s main function is to provide the basic batch services such as receiving creating a batch job modifying the job protecting the job against system crashes and running the job Typ ically there is one Server managing a given set of resources Job Executor The Job Executor is the daemon which actually places the job into MOM execution This daemon pbs_mom is informally
123. ument is the null string or no entry from the path_list is selected then PBS will use the user s login shell on the execution host qsub S bin tcsh mysubrun qsub S bin tcsh mars usr bin tcsh jupiter mysubrun PBS Pro 5 1 33 User Guide 4 7 10 Setting a job s priority The p priority option defines the priority of the job The priority argument must be a integer between 1024 and 1023 inclusive The default is no priority which is equiv alent to a priority of zero qsub p 120 mysubrun bin sh PBS p 300 4 7 11 Deferring execution The a date_time option declares the time after which the job is eligible for execu tion The date_time argument is in the form CC YY MM DD hhmm SS where CC is the first two digits of the year the century YY is the second two digits of the year MM is the two digits for the month DD is the day of the month hh is the hour mm is the minute and the optional SS is the seconds If the month MM is not specified it will default to the current month if the specified day DD is in the future Otherwise the month will be set to next month Likewise if the day DD is not specified it will default to today if the time hhmn is in the future Otherwise the day will be set to tomorrow For example if you submit a job at 11 15am with a time of 1110 the job will be eligi ble to run at 11 10am tomorrow Other examples include q
124. up host names Entries on this list are used by the server in conjunction with an ordered set of rules to associate a group name with the reservation Specifies a comma separated list of entries of the form Juser host These are the users who are allowed or denied permission to submit jobs to the queue associated with this reservation This list becomes the acl_users attribute for the reservation s queue Specifies is a comma separated list of entries of the form group host Entries on this list help control the enqueuing of jobs into the reservation s queue Jobs owned by members belonging to these groups are either allowed or denied entry into the queue Any group on the list is to be interpreted in the context of the server s host not the context of the host from which qsub was submitted This list becomes the acl_groups list for the reservation s queue Specifies a comma separated list of entries of the form hostname These entries help control the enqueuing of jobs into the reservation s queue by allowing denying jobs submit ted from these hosts This list becomes the acl_hosts list for the reservation s queue Declares a name for the reservation The name specified may be up to 15 characters in length It must consist of printable non white space characters with the first character alphabetic Specifies the resources required for the reservation These resources will be used for th
125. ution restarted from the beginning without harmful side effects the job is rerunable This process refers to moving a file or files to the execution host prior to the PBS job beginning execution This process refers to moving a file or files off of the execution 14 Chapter 2 Concepts and Terms User Task User ID UID Virtual Processor VP host after the PBS job completes execution Each system user is identified by a unique character string the user name and by a unique number the user id Task is a POSIX session started by MOM on behalf of a job Privilege to access system resources and services is typically established by the user id which is a numeric identifier uniquely assigned to each user see User See Cluster Node PBS Pro 5 1 15 User Guide Chapter 3 Getting Started With PBS This chapter introduces the user to the Portable Batch System PBS It explains new user level features in this release the different user interfaces introduces the concept of a PBS job and explains how to set up your environment for running batch jobs with PBS 3 1 New Features in PBS Pro 5 1 For users already familiar with PBS the following is a list of new features and changes in PBS Pro release 5 1 which affect users More detail is given in the indicated sections User Changes to node and resource specification syntax See Node Specification Syntax on page 38 User Enhancements to Advance Re
126. ve to the users home directory under the name of dat 1 bin sh PBS W stagein datl server u jones grid dat mysubrun PBS W stageout dat2 mysubrun PBS uses rcp or scp or cp if the remote host is the local host to perform the transfer Hence stage in and stage out are just rep r remote_host remote_file local_file rep r local_file remote_host remote_file As with rcp the remote_file may be a directory name The local_file specified in the stage in out directive may name a directory For stage in if remote_file isa directory then local_file must also be a directory Likewise for stage out if local_fileisa directory then remote_file must be a directory If Local_file on a stage out directive is a directory that directory on the execution host including all files and subdirectories will be copied At the end of the job the direc tory including all files and subdirectories will be deleted Users should be aware that this may create a problem if multiple jobs are using the same directory The same requirements and hints discussed above in regard to delivery of output apply to staging files in and out Stage in presents another complication Assume the user wishes to stage in the contents of a single file named stardust and gives the following stage in directive 94 Chapter 8 Advanced PBS Features W stagein tmp foo mars stardust If tmp foo is an existing directory the local file becomes tmp foo stardust
127. vironment 5 Complex 12 Computational Grid Support 4 Cray 27 Cross System Scheduling 5 D Deleting Jobs 78 Destination defined 12 identifier 12 specifing 29 Display disk reservation information 66 nodes assigned to job 66 non running jobs 65 queue limits 67 running jobs 65 size in gigabytes 66 size in megawords 66 user specific jobs 65 Distributed clustering 5 workload management 7 E Enterprise wide Resource Sharing 4 ENVIRONMENT 113 115 Environment Variables 113 Exclusive access 40 VP 10 Executor 9 External Reference Specification ix 12 F File attribute 26 output 91 output and error 36 specify name of 29 stage in 13 stage out 13 staging 4 12 92 G GASS 98 Global Grid Forum 6 Globus defined 96 globusrun 96 job states 97 jobs 96 RSL 97 Graphical user interface 16 Group defined 13 ID GID 13 GUI 16 H Hold defined 13 job 33 or release job 79 I Information Power Grid 6 Interactive batch jobs 37 Interdependency 4 J Job batch 13 comment 67 87 dependencies 88 identifier 23 management 1x name 31 selecting using xpbs 72 sending messages to 81 sending signals to 82 states 97 tracking 74 using comments 87 L Listbox 53 Load Balance 11 Load Leveling 5 M Manager 13 Message Passing Interface 111 Metacenter 6 MetaQueueing 6 MOM 9 Monitoring 7 Moving jobs between queues 84 MP_HOSTFILE 110 MPI 111 MRJ Technology Solutions xi N NASA Ames Research Center 3 and PBS xi 2 metacenter 6 N

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