The Peak Atlas User Guide
Contents
1. The Peak Atlas Component Analyser Peak Electronic Design Limited is committed to continued product development and improvement The information and specifications contained within this user guide may therefore be subject to change C Copyright Peak Electronic Design Limited 2000 Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Section Page Introd cton s nen ER de RE EG tance EE DE De 3 Analysing components des Ee ee De N Ee ed Eg 4 DIOdESS Go alee utes Guest Buk Paced GE SE eS aS 5 Diode Network sis sesse bessie de Ve gede Hs De Ee eed 6 LEDs including Bicolour LEDS ese esse esse esse es see see see 7 Bipolar Junction Transistors BJTS esse esse es see see see 8 Enhancement Mode MOSFETS sesse es see esse esse es sed ee 11 Depletion Mode MOSFETS ceseccesececeeeeeeeseeeeees 12 Junction FETS ss ete se se ord ee ee be GR ee 13 Thyristors SCRs and Triacs iese esse esse see see ee ed 14 Care of your Atlas sees sedes dek delde Ee GE ieee 15 Technical Specitic ate ee ss RE ee Ge ge Ere Ee 16 Page 2 ENGLISH Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Introduction The Peak Atlas is a new generation of intelligent component analyser that offers unrivalled functionality together with refreshing simplicity The Atlas brings a world of component data to your fingertips Features ENGLISH Automatic component identification VVVVVVVVVVV Bipolar transistors Darlington transistors2. greater than 1000MQ for negative and positive gate source voltages S Depletion Mode devices are characterised by the De p letion mode gate source voltage required to control the drain E source current Modern Depletion Mode devices N Ch MOSFET are generally only available in N Channel varieties and will conduct current between it s drain and source terminals even with a zero voltage applied across the gate and the source The device can only be turned completely off by taking it s gate significantly more negative than it s source terminal say 10V It is this characteristic that makes them so similar to conventional JFETs Pressing scroll off will cause the pinout screen to be displayed RED GREEN BLUE Drn Gate Srce Page 12 ENGLISH Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Junction FETs JFETs D Junction FETs are conventional Field Effect Transistors The voltage applied across the gate source terminals controls current between the drain and source terminals N Channel JFETs require a S negative voltage on their gate with respect to their source the more negative the voltage the less current can flow between the drain and source Unlike Depletion Mode MOSFETs JFETs have no insulation layer on the gate This means that although the input resistance between the gate and source is normally extremely high greater than 100MQ the gate current can rise if the semiconductor junction between t
3. Enhancement Mode MOSFETs Depletion Mode MOSFETs Junction FETs Triacs Thyristors LEDs Bicolour LEDs Diodes Diode networks Gain measurement for transistors transistors Semiconductor test current measurement e Automatic and manual power off Automatic pinout identification for all the above component types Special feature identification such as diode protection and resistor shunts Gate threshold measurement for Enhancement Mode MOSFETs Semiconductor forward voltage measure ments for diodes LEDs and The Peak Atlas is optimised to accurately analyse the vast majority of supported component types However it is not possible to support every component due to the wide range of required operating conditions as such displayed information should be interpreted accordingly Specification limits and specific anal ysis capabilities are detailed in this guide Under no circumstances must the Atlas be connected to any powered devices as this may cause damage to both the Atlas and the device under test Additionally the Atlas is not rated for high voltage use and personal injury or death may result from inappropriate use Please note also that energy stored in external equipment s capacitors may be sufficient to cause irreparable damage to the Atlas Analysis of discrete unconnected components is WARNING recommended Page 3 Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Analysing Components The Peak Atlas is designe
4. with both cathodes connected together such as the Philips SOT 23 BAV70 Two diode device with both anodes connected together such as the Philips SOT 323 BA W56W Two diode device with each diode connected in series The Philips SOT 23 BAV99 is a popular type of series diode network Forward voltage D1 Vf 0 67V Test current D1 f 4 62mA Page 6 Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 LEDs including bicolour LEDs An LED is really just a another type of diode however the Atlas will determine that an LED or L E D or d 0 d e o LED network has been detected if the measured j unction S J forward voltage drop is larger than 1 5V This O also enables the Atlas to intelligently identify bicolour LEDs both two terminal and three terminal varieties Like the diode analysis the pinout the forward RED GREEN BLUE voltage drop and the associated test current is Cath Anod displayed play Here the Cathode ve LED terminal is connected For ward volta ge to the Green test clip and the Anode ve LED Vf 1 92V terminal is connected to the Blue test clip In this example a simple green LED yields a Test current forward voltage drop of 1 92V at the test current of 3 28mA The test current depends on the forward f 3 28 mA voltage Bicolour LEDs Bicolour LEDs are automatically identified A two terminal bicolour LED consists of two LED Two term
5. cedure will not be performed Page 15 ENGLISH Peak Atlas User Guide All values are at 25 C unless otherwise specified July 2001 Rev 5 Technical Specifications Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Note Peak test current into S C 5 5mA 5 5mA 1 Peak test voltage across O C 5 1V 5 1V 1 Measurable transistor gain range Hpg 4 65000 2 Transistor gain accuracy 43 5 Hrg 2 9 Transistor Vcgo 2 0V 3 0V 2 Transistor Vgg accuracy 2 20mV 2 20mV 9 Ver for Darlington identification 1 0V 3 Vee for Darlington identification shunted 0 8V 4 Acceptable transistor Vgg 1 80V Base emitter shunt resistance threshold 60kQ Transistor collector emitter test current 2 45mA 2 50mA 2 55mA Acceptable transistor collector leakage 0 7mA 6 EM MOSFET gate threshold range 0 1V 5 0V 5 EM MOSFET gate threshold accuracy 2 20mV 4 2 20mV 5 EM MOSFET drain source test current 2 45mA 2 50mA 2 55mA EM MOSFET minimum gate resistance 8kQ DM MOSFET drain source test current 0 5mA 5 5mA JFET drain source test current 0 5mA 5 5mA Thyristor Triac gate test current 4 5mA 7 Thyristor Triac load test current 5 0mA Diode test current 5 0mA Diode forward voltage accuracy 2 20mV 2 20mV Vr for LED identification 1 50V Battery type GP23A 12V Alkaline Battery voltage range 7 50V 12V Battery voltage warning threshold 8 25V Inactivity power down period 30 secs 5 secs for si
6. d to analyse discrete unconnected unpowered components This ensures that external connections don t influence the measured parameters The three test probes can be connected to the component any way round If the component has only two terminals then any pair of the three test probes can be used ENGLISH The Peak Atlas will start component analysis when the on test button is pressed if the unit is powered down If the Atlas is not powered down T h e P ea k A t as then a new analysis can be started by pressing and is analvsin holding the scroll off button first to power down y Qera the unit and then pressing the on test button Depending on the component type analysis may take a few seconds to complete after which the results of the analysis are displayed Information is displayed a page at a time each page can be displayed by pressing the scroll off button The arrow symbol on the display indicates that more pages are available to be viewed If the Atlas cannot detect any component between any of the test probes the following message will No co mponen t be displayed detected If the component is not a supported component type a faulty component or a component that is Unkno wn Fault y being tested in circuit the analysis may result in the following message being displayed componen t Pi It is possible that the Atlas may detect one or more diode junctions or other component type wit
7. ge would be Dar In gt on displayed Pi Please note that the Atlas will determine that the transistor under test is a Darlington type if the base emitter voltage drop is greater than 1 00V for devices with a base emitter shunt resistance of greater than 60kQ or if the base emitter voltage drop is greater than 0 80V for devices with a base emitter shunt resistance of less than 60kQ The measured base emitter voltage drop is displayed as detailed later in this section Pressing the scroll off button will result in the transistor s pinout being displayed Here the Atlas RED GREEN BLUE has identified that the Base is connected to the Red Base Coll Emit test clip the Collector is connected to the Green test clip and the Emitter is connected to the Blue test clip Faulty or Very Low Gain Transistors C Faulty transistors that exhibit no or very low gain may cause the Atlas to only identify one or more diode junctions within the E device This is because NPN transistors consist of a structure of junctions that behave like a common anode diode network PNP transistors can appear to be common cathode diode networks The common junction Common anode represents the base terminal This is normal for diode network situations where the current gain is so low that it is immeasurable at the test currents used by the Atlas Page 8 Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Transistor Special Features Many
8. he gate and source or between the gate and drain become forward biased This can happen if the gate voltage becomes about 0 6V higher than either the drain or source terminals for N Channel devices or 0 6V lower than the drain or source for P Channel devices The internal structure of JFETs is essentially symmetrical about the gate terminal this means P Channel that the drain and source terminals are unction FET indistinguishable by the Atlas The JFET type and the gate terminal are identified however Drain and Source RED GREEN BLUE not identified Gate Page 13 ENGLISH Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Thyristors SCRs and Triacs A MT2 Sensitive low power thyristors Silicon Controlled Rectifiers y Ya SCRs and triacs can be easily identified and analysed with G K G MT the Atlas Triac operation is very similar to that of thyristors although the Atlas is able to distinguish between them Thyristor terminals are the anode cathode and the p ower t h y ristor gate The pinout of the thyristor under test will be displayed on the next press of the scroll off button Sensitive or low power triac RED GREEN BLUE MT1 MT2 Gate Sensitive or low RED GREEN BLUE Gate Anod Cath Triac terminal nomenclature is less universal than most components although many manufacturers are standardising on the terms gate MT1 and MT2 MT standing for main te
9. hin an unknown or faulty part This is because many semiconductors comprise of pn diode junctions Please refer to the section on diodes and diode networks for more information Page 4 Peak Atlas User Guide The Atlas will analyse almost any type of diode Any pair of the three test clips can be connected to the diode anyway round If the Atlas detects a single diode the following message will be displayed Pressing the scroll off button will then display the pinout for the diode In this example the Anode of the diode is connected to the Red test clip and the Cathode is connected to the Green test clip additionally the Blue test clip is unconnected The forward voltage drop is then displayed this gives an indication of the diode technology In this example it is likely that the diode is a silicon diode A germanium or Schottky diode may yield a forward voltage of about 0 25V The current at which the diode was tested is also displayed July 2001 Rev 5 Diode or diode junction s RED GREEN BLUE Anod Cath Forward voltage Vf 20 67V Test current lf s4 62 mA Pi Note that the Atlas will detect only one diode even if two diodes are connected in series when the third test clip is not connected to the junction between the diodes The forward voltage drop displayed however will be the voltage across the whole series combination The Atlas will determine that the diode s under test is a
10. inal chips which are connected in inverse parallel bi colour LED within the LED body Three terminal bicolour LEDs are made with either common anodes or common cathodes The pinouts and the electrical Three terminal characteristics are displayed in the same way as the diode networks analysis The details of each bicolour LED LED chip are _ individually displayed Interestingly this allows for the pinouts relating to the different colours within the bicolour LED to be determined This is because different colour LEDs exhibit different forward voltage drops Red LEDs often have the lowest forward voltage drop followed by yellow LEDs green LEDs and finally blue LEDs Pi Some blue LEDs and their cousins white phosphor LEDs require high forward voltages and may not be detected by the Atlas Page 7 Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Bipolar Junction Transistors BJTs C Bipolar Junction Transistors are simply conventional transistors although variants of these do exist such as Darlingtons diode protected B resistor shunted types and combinations of these types All of these E variations are automatically identified by the Atlas ENGLISH Bipolar Junction Transistors are available in two PNP bi main types NPN and PNP In this example the l po ar Atlas has detected an PNP transistor transistor If an NPN Darlington transistor was detected for example the NPN bi pol ar following messa
11. l however for comparing transistors of a similar type for the purposes of gain matching or fault finding Base Emitter Voltage Drop ENGLISH Finally the DC characteristics of the base emitter junction are displayed both the base emitter B E volta ge forward voltage drop and the base current used for the measurement Vbe 0 77V The forward base emitter voltage drop can aid in the identification of silicon or germanium devices Test Current Germanium devices can have base emitter voltages b 24 52 mA as low as 0 2V Silicon types exhibit readings of about 0 7V and Darlington transistors can exhibit readings of about 1 2V because of the multiple base emitter junctions being measured Note that the Atlas does not perform the base emitter tests at the same base current as that used for the current gain measurement Page 10 Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Enhancement mode MOSFETS D MOSFET stands for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor Like bipolar transistors MOSFETs are available in two main types N Channel and P Channel Most modern MOSFETs are of the Enhancement G Mode type meaning that the bias of the gate source voltage is always positive For N Channel types The other rarer type of MOSFET is the Depletion Mode type which is described in a later section N ENGLISH MOSFETs of all types are sometimes known as IGFETs meaning Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor This
12. modern transistors contain additional special features If the Atlas has detected any special features then the details of these features are displayed next after pressing the scrolVoff button Some transistors particularly CRT deflection transistors and many Di ode protection large Darlingtons have a between C E protection diode inside their package connected between the collector and emitter The Philips BUS05DF is a typical example of a diode protected bipolar transistor Remember that protection diodes are always internally connected between the collector and the emitter so that they are normally reverse biased For NPN transistors the anode of the diode is connected to the emitter of the transistor For PNP transistors the anode of the diode is connected to the collector of the transistor Additionally many Darlingtons and a few conventional transistors also have a resistor shunt network between the base and emitter of the device The Atlas can detect the resistor shunt if it has a resistance of typically less than 60kQ The popular Motorola TIP110 Darlington transistor contains internal resistors between the base and emitter Resistor shunt between B E HFE not accurate due to B E res Pi It is important to note that if a transistor does contain a base emitter shunt resistor network any measurements of current gain Hpg will be very low at the test currents used by the Atlas This is due to the re
13. n LED if the measured forward voltage drop exceeds 1 50V Please refer to the section on LED analysis for more information Zener diodes are not directly supported by the Atlas Zener diodes with breakdown voltages of approximately 5V or higher however will be detected as a single diode Page 5 ENGLISH Peak Atlas User Guide Diode Networks July 2001 Rev 5 The Atlas will intelligently identify popular types of three terminal diode networks For three terminal devices such as SOT 23 diode networks the three test clips must all be connected anyway round The Atlas will identify the type of diode network and then display information regarding each detected diode in sequence The following types of diode networks are automatically recognised by the Atlas Common cathode diode network Common anode diode network Series diode network Following the component identification page the Atlas will display details of each detected diode Pinout for Dl within the diode network Firstly the pinout for the diode is displayed followed by the electrical information forward RED GREEN BLUE voltage drop and the current at which the diode Anod Cath was tested The value of the test current depends on the measured forward voltage drop of the diode Following the display of all the details for the first diode the details of the second diode will then be displayed ENGLISH Two diode device
14. ngle screen results Dimensions excluding test leads 103 x 70 x 20 mm Operating temperature range 0 C 50 C 8 P A DOES Between any pair of test clips Collector current of 2 50mA Gain accuracy valid for gains less than 2000 Resistance across reverse biased base emitter gt 60kQ Resistance across reverse biased base emitter lt 60kQ Drain source current of 2 50mA Collector emitter voltage of 5 0V Thyristor quadrant I Triac quadrants I and MI Subject to acceptable LCD visibility BJT with no shunt resistors Designed and made in England by Peak Electronic Design Limited Alas House Kiln Lane Harpur Hill Industrial Estate Buxton Derbyshire SK17 9JL England Web www peakelec co uk Email technical peakelec co uk Telephone 44 0 1298 70012 Fax 44 0 1298 70046 Page 16 ENGLISH
15. rminal To avoid ambiguity MT1 is the terminal with which gate current is referenced That is gate current is injected or extracted from the gate MT1 junction Pi The Atlas determines that the device under test is a triac by checking the gate trigger quadrants that the device will reliably operate in Thyristors operate in only one guadrant positive gate current positive anode current Triacs can typically operate in three or four guadrants hence their use in AC control applications The test currents used by the Atlas are kept low lt SmA to eliminate the possibility of damage to a vast range of component types Some thyristors and triacs will not operate at low currents and these types cannot be analysed with this instrument Note also that if only one trigger quadrant of a triac is detected then the Atlas will conclude that it has found a thyristor Please see the technical specifications for more details Page 14 ENGLISH Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Care of your Atlas The Peak Atlas should provide many years of service if used in accordance with this user guide Care should be taken not to expose your unit to excessive heat shock or moisture Additionally the battery should be replaced at least every 12 months to reduce the risk of leak damage If a low battery warning message appears immediate replacement of the battery is Low Batt ery x recommended as measured parameters may be affected The A
16. sistors providing an additional path for the base current The readings for gain however can still be used for comparing transistors of a similar type for the purposes of matching or gain band selecting The Atlas will warn you if such a condition arises as illustrated above Page 9 ENGLISH Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Current Gain HE The DC current gain Hpg is displayed after any Current gain special transistor features that may have been HFE 12 6 displayed DC current gain is simply the ratio of the collector Test current current to the base current for a particular operating 29 5 0 A condition The Atlas measures Hpg at a collector C c m current of 2 50mA and a collector emitter voltage AAA of between 2V and 3V The gain of all transistors can vary considerably with collector current collector voltage and also temperature The displayed value for gain therefore may not represent the gain experienced at other collector currents and voltages This is particularly true for large devices Darlington transistors can have very high gain values and more variation of gain will be evident as a result of this Additionally it is quite normal for transistors of the same type to have a wide range of gain values For this reason transistor circuits are often designed so that their operation has little dependence on the absolute value of current gain The displayed value of gain is very usefu
17. term describes a key feature of these devices an insulated gate region that results in negligible gate current for both positive Enhancement mode and negative gate source voltages up to the maximum allowed values of course typically N Ch MOSFET 20V The first screen to be displayed gives information on the type of MOSFET detected Pressing RED GREEN BLUE scroll off will then result in the pinout of the MOSFET being displayed The gate source and Gate Drn SETCE drain are each identified An important feature of a MOSFET is the gate source threshold voltage the gate source voltage Gate Threshold at which conduction between the source and Vgs 3 47V drain starts The gate threshold is displayed following the pinout information The Atlas detects that drain source conduction has started when it reaches 2 50mA This T est current condition is confirmed by the next displayed I d 2 50mA page Pi All Enhancement Mode MOSFETs contain a protection diode junction between the source and drain terminals If the Atlas does not detect this diode the device will be rejected as an Enhancement Mode MOSFET Page 11 Peak Atlas User Guide July 2001 Rev 5 Depletion Mode MOSFETs D The rare Depletion Mode MOSFET is very similar to the conventional Junction FET JFET except that the gate terminal is insulated from the other two terminals The input resistance of these devices can typically be G
18. tlas will however continue to operate The battery can be replaced by carefully opening the Atlas by removing the three screws from the rear of the unit Take care not to damage the electronics The battery should only be replaced with a high quality battery identical to or equivalent to an Alkaline GP23A or MN21 12V 10mm diameter x 28mm length Replacement batteries are available directly from Peak Electronic Design Limited Self Test Procedure Each time the Atlas is powered up a self test procedure is performed In addition to a battery voltage test the Atlas measures the performance of many internal functions such as the voltage and current sources amplifiers analogue to digital converters and test lead multiplexers If any of these function measurements fall outside tight Self test Tal ed performance limits a message will be displayed CODE 5 and the Atlas will switch off automatically If the problem was caused by a temporary condition on the test clips such as applying power to the test clips then simply re starting the Atlas may clear the problem If a persistent problem does arise it is likely that damage has been caused by an external event such as excessive power being applied to the test clips or a large static discharge taking place If the problem persists please contact us for further advice quoting the displayed fault code Pi If there is a low battery condition the automatic self test pro
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