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Pipe Flow Expert User Guide

1. expert ae eg pipeftouwy taking the pressure out of fluid flow calculations www pipeflow com copyright PipeFlow com All rights reserved User Guide PipeFlow is a trading name of Daxesoft Ltd www pipeflow com www pipeflow co uk 2 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Copyright Notice O 2012 All Rights Reserved Daxesoft Ltd Distribution Limited to Authorized Persons Only Trade Secret Notice The PipeFlow com PipeFlow co uk and Daxesoft Ltd name and logo and all related product and service names design marks logos and slogans are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Daxesoft Ltd All other product names and trademarks contained herein are the trademarks of their respective owners Printed in the United Kingdom October 2012 Information in this document is subject to change without notice The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement The software may be used only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement It is against the law to copy the software on any medium except as specifically allowed in the license agreement No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or information recording and retrieval systems for any purpose without the express written permission of Daxesoft Ltd Calculations and Results 3 Table of Contents MOLSON OM US FMS ie cee da 3 A ANR 8
2. m Pipe diameter data Pipe data P2 Pipe Id 2 Material Schedule Class Internal Roughness inch Steel ANSI Sch 40 0 001811 Nominal Size Internal Diam Wall Thick Outside Diam Weight Internal Vol Surface Area inch inch inch bein fe 100 ft E 100 ft 2 3303 62 1774 4 Transfer Selected Size Steel ANSI Sch 40 IR 0 001811 inch Nominal Size Internal Diam Wall Thick Outside Diam Weight Internal Vol SurfaceArea inch inch inch lbs fe 100 ft fe 100 ft 0 269 0 068 0 405 0 245 0 0395 10 6029 0 364 0 088 0 540 0 425 0 0723 14 1372 0 493 0 091 0 675 0 568 0 1326 17 6715 0 622 0 109 0 840 0 852 0 2110 21 9911 0 824 0 113 1 050 1 132 0 3703 27 4889 1 049 0 133 1 315 1 681 0 6002 34 4266 1 380 0 140 1 660 2 279 1 0387 43 4587 49 7419 75 2673 91 6298 104 7198 117 8097 13 8929 145 6390 20 0627 173 4421 34 7410 225 8020 Figure 52 Pipe diameter data pipe sizes Select the applicable pipe size from the list Edit the applicable pipe properties in the Pipe data section Save Pipe Ki Cancel Metric Imperial E Change Material E Add New Size X Remove Entry If the pipe size is not in the list click the Add new size button to add the new size to the list For more information about adding a pipe size see Adding Pipe Size Data to the Database Click the Transfer Selected Size button or double click the row containing
3. Figure 32 View Individual Results The Results drawing can be configured to display the pipes in various colors based on the value of a chosen category such as Flow Rate Velocity Friction Loss Internal Diameter etc The color gradient start and end point values may be adjusted to narrow the band over which the colors are displayed 62 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide File and Design Operations Pipe Flow Expert works with a number of different file types for example pump files component files and the main system design file a pfe file Once a system has been created it can then be saved to a system design file which stores all of the information about the system including the node and pipe data the fittings and valve information the components information and the pump data Individual items in the system such as components and pumps can also be saved to their own file so that they can be re used and re loaded as required perhaps for use in future systems or to duplicate and copy these items within an existing system The pump file extension is pfpm and the component file extension is pfco Images of the drawing screen can be saved and or attached to an email as a convenient way of sharing a quick snapshot of a system or set of results Tabbed Design Sheets Tabbed Design Sheets let you work on multiple systems simultaneously Up to 4 different systems may be worked on concurrently using the Tabbed system feature
4. Figure 81 Results Tables All Results tab 2 Click the tab s containing the data you want to view 3 Click the Close button to close the Results Tables and return to the Drawing pane Saving the System Results The values displayed in the Results Tables can be saved to a Microsoft Excel xlsx file When you are saving from the Results Tables only the values displayed on the currently selected tab are saved to the xlsx file To save all the result values click the All Results tab before saving To save a pipe system s results to an xlsx file 1 After a pipe system has been calculated and solved click the View Results Sheet button on the Results Log dialog to open the Results Tables or close the results log and click the Results Sheet button on the tool bar 2 Click the tab containing the values you want to save 3 Click the Save button Wl or select File Save to Excel to open the Save As dialog 162 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide E Save As Se m e Documents My Documents Designs s Search Designs Organize Mew folder Hr Favorites Documents library Designs Arrange by Folder Desktop Mame Date modified Type Size Libraries AA ER SinglePressureZone pfe 28 09 2012 09 42 Pipe Flow Expert YY al Music Pictures z Videos e Homegroup A John File name TwoPressureZones xlsx Save as type Pipe Flow Network xlsx xlsx Hide Folders Figure 82 Save Results
5. Es CALCULATE Results Sheet Results POF Show Log TE e an T Pressurised_Pumping_Stations Energy_Recovery_With_Turbine Chilled_Water_Campus_Cooling p Fire_Protection Sprinklers pfe No A ee LEAD VAIS BAA SAS Se YE x K ca e Tabbed Sheets work just like Tabs in an Internet Browser e Tabbed Sheets work in both Design View and Results Mode e Switch between different system models with a single click e Easy to design view and compare results across multiple models e Easy to copy sections of drawings between different system models e Easy to demonstrate and review results for altered designs Creating a New Pipe System To create a new pipe system 1 Define whether imperial or metric units are used throughout the pipe system 2 To define the imperial or metric setting select the Imperial or Metric option on the toolbar or the Units tab in the Configuration Options dialog or you can select the Imperial or Metric menu items from the Units menu 3 You can customize the units and default values used for the individual items in the system at any time by using the Configuration Options dialog 4 Click the New Grid button or select File New to create a new drawing grid Calculations and Results 63 5 Pipe Flow Expert asks the user if the grid should be shown for isometric drawing Click yes to display the isometric grid or click no to display the standard drawing grid After creating a pipe sys
6. 100 ft 20 062 Nominal Size Choose new pipe material Material PRE Auta PRO ait DN ayia DN EWWA PE Iron pipe size PE Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PEE Iron pipe size PUC Sewer pipe PUC Sewer pipe Stainless Steel ANSI Stainless Steel ANSI Stainless Steel ANSI Feature Material Schedule Class Internal Roughness Nominal Size Internal Diam Wall Thick Outside Diam Weight Internal Vol Surface Area Save Pipe Cancel Changes Schedule Class DA 25 165 psi DA 32 5 125 pel DRA 41 100 psi DR 51 80 pei SDR 13 5 315 pai SDR 17 250 pel SDR 21 200 pel SDR 26 160 pel SDR 32 5 125 pal SOR 41 100 psi SDR 64 63 psi SOR 26 SOR 35 Sch 55 Sch 105 och 805 Internal Roughness Pipe Size Range 0 000197 finch 0 000197 finch 0 000197 finch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 finch 0 000197 linch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 001811 finch 0 001811 finch 0 001811 inch Ai 48 14 4g 14 48 30 4g EIS EES SU HE WEN E RE gor EEI ET gag 122 30 Ki Cancel E Add New Material E Remove Material Figure 18 Pipe Material Data Description The material description of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane The Schedule Class description of the pipe
7. Flow balance equation f2 fT f2 Figure 92 Back Pressure Valve replacement The pressure difference between the upstream node P1 and the downstream node P2 must equal the pressure loss through the pipe fittings and any components on the pipe plus the pressure loss introduced by the BPV The pressure balance is then maintained after the system is solved when the pipe is reinstated along with the pressure loss introduced by the pressure reducing valve 180 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide MODES OF OPERATION A BPV can operate under three different conditions 1 regulating 2 fully closed and 3 fully open How the valve operates depends on the defined set pressure value for the valve The fully open and fully closed positions represent the extreme operations of the valve Each of the valve positions is described below 1 Regulating The valve maintains the upstream pressure to the set value by introducing a pressure loss across the valve thus reducing the flow rate through the BPV 2 Fully Closed This mode of operation occurs if the valve s set pressure is greater than the pressure upstream of the valve for the case where the valve is closed When this occurs in an actual pipe system the flow through the BPV reverses and the BPV acts as a check valve closing the pipe In PipeFlow Expert this method of operation is detected and reported but the system is not then solved for this scenario The user must decide if this method of opera
8. Redo last undo action The last undo action is redone E Calculate Calculates the flow and pressure at each node of the pipe system drawing The El CALCULATE l calculation results are displayed on the Results window Re Design Changes the view back to the design mode The pipe system is displayed in drawing mode again This button is only visible on the tool bar after clicking the Calculate button a RE DE SIGN Results Opens the Results window This button is only visible on the tool bar after clicking ERA El Results Sheet the Calculate button Results PDF Opens the Results PDF dialog Add a logo chose the options required and Results PDF produce a PDF of the results including a system image and pump graphs This button is only visible on the tool bar after clicking the Calculate button Show Log Opens the Results Log dialog The Results Log dialog indicates whether the pipe system was solved This button is only visible on the tool bar after clicking the Calculate button i Show Log Example Systems Opens the Example Systems dialog Over 40 examples systems are RF Example Systems provided to illustrate usage of the Pipe Flow Expert software This button is only visible on the tool bar if design mode is selected Next Example Loads the Next Example System from the examples systems dialog This button is only visible on the tool bar if design mode is selected A gt Next
9. 0 610 m E P3 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m z Diam 3 Copy All Diameter Data d 4 P4 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 1 112 166 mm m Copy Internal Diam Only 2 3 4 eem 5 PS 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 6 d 8 P6 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m P7 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m P8 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m Roughness 0 005000 mm z Copy Roughness Only 9 P9 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 274 320 m I Material Copy All Material Data E 10 P10 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 335 280 TON 11 P11 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 9 144 m due ada 12 P12 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 13 P13 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m 14 P14 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 150 000 m EZ Copy Length Only Y 15 P15 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 16 P16 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m GO None p Copy Fittings Only 18 P18 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m 19 P19 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 109 728 1 E None EX Copy Components Oni 7 ANNE Pipe Color 21 P21 103 429 mm 0 005004 mm 9 144 m 22 P22 103 429 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 4 II p Length Copy Color and Style BR Copy All Pipe Data c Open Pipes 1x1 Close Pipes Figure 41 Configuration Options Pipe Settings Tab 1 Optional First select a group of pipes to update using the Selection root MEN or the Individual Item Selection Option i
10. 20 000 lzec Pipe 7 L 300 0m 0 Ober og 0 0m Fluid 30 000 eer 4 _ I Grid A 102 Y 83 Show Info Left click on an item to show its details in the left hand panel QQ JANO IBAI GAIT BAA loo CHILLED WATER PIPING SYSTEM 3 BUILDING E in K e El E l at eerie i 5 m Ka Am i The system distributes chilled water to s periods of extreme tempersture stan E The calculated solution shows the flows for normal operation when the following 4 x Al Cooled Liquid Chillers 2 x Chilled Water Pumps 3x Ar Handling Unit 1 x Fan Coil Unit Stand By equipment notinoperasbormr t Grid A 109 Y 61 Show Info Left click on an ttem to show tts details in the left hand panel 3 e BE ag a 48 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Figure 24 Drawing Panes Standard or Isometric Feature Description Drawing Grid The drawing grid shows details of the pipeline system The information to be displayed such as size length elevation flow rate etc can be selected from the configuration options labelling tab Hint Feature The Hint pane located above the tool bar displays tips for using the button currently selected on the tool bar Zoom Feature If your mouse is suitable the drawing size can be zoomed larger or smaller using the mouse scroll wheel Drawing Size Display The drawing size can be selected from the drop down listing between the Zoom Out and the Zoom In buttons Zoom O
11. DA 25 165 psi DA 32 5 125 psi DA 41 100 psi DA 51 80 psi SDR 13 5 315 psi SDR 1 250 psi SDR 21 200 psi SDR 26 160 psi SDR 32 5 125 psi SDA 41 100 psi SDR 64 63 psi SDR 26 SDR 35 Sch 55 Sch 105 Sch 805 Internal Roughness Pipe Size Range 0 00019 inch 0 00019 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 00019 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 00019 inch 0 00019 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 00019 inch 0 000197 inch 0 001811 inch 0 001811 inch 0 001811 inch Ap 14 48 KO Cancel 30 48 1 2 4 11 2 12 3 4 12 1 1 4 12 1 1 4 12 a e 4 12 gr 24 4 24 E Add New Material X Remove Material Figure 51 Pipe diameter data materials list Select the pipe s material from the Choose new pipe material list If the pipe material is not in the Choose new pipe material list click the Add new material button to add the new material to the list For more information about adding a pipe material see Adding a Pipe Material to the Database Click the Select button or double click the row containing the material The selected material is displayed in the Pipe data section of the Pipe diameter data dialog and a list of all the different pipe sizes available for the selected pipe material is displayed in the Pipe diameter data dialog 92 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
12. Eo Where an Internal Diameter has been amended by over typing the data in the pipe pane or the edit grid the Outer Diameter Wall Thickness amp Internal Diameter may no longer be consistent with each other The option to update Outer Diameters and Wall Thicknesses should normally be accepted This will allow the diameter data to be made consistent and the nominal pipe size will then be recalculated Fitting sizes will be checked and matched to the nominal pipe size The network has fittings with nominal sizes that do not match the pipe s nominal size Do you wish to automatically update the fitting sizes If the nominal pipe size does not match some of the fitting sizes associated with the pipe then the option to update the fitting sizes should normally be accepted This will update the fitting sizes and the fitting K values so that the fitting pressure losses will be calculated correctly 154 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Pipe 2 P2 Length 10 0000 ft is less than the change in elevation 20 0000 ft between the start and end nodes Automatically update pipe length to difference in start and end elevation choose Cancel to stop further checks of pipe length No Cancel Where pipe lengths are not sufficient to span the difference in node elevations these pipes will be identified and the user will be asked to confirm an update for each pipe The pipe length can automatically be set to th
13. Ex bs Open Pump Database I 9 Add Pump to Database ba Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet Pump Performance Curve at Elevation Symbol Pump Catalog Manufacturer Type 80 000 ft D 0 Min Speed 0 rpm Notes 0 00 l min Min Impeller 0 000 inch 1700 rom Speed 1700 14 250 inches w Head ft hd Fluid NPSHr Effic 172 22 3 88 74 8 Flow US gpm 14 250 110 6 404 Diam NPSHr ft hd Fluid 0 0 000 66 00 0 750 72 00 2 000 75 00 5 000 72 00 12 000 65 00 23 000 Efficiency Preferred Operating region between 90 00 and 150 00 US gpm 14 250 inch Head ft hd Fluid WWater 50 F 125 of Flow at Best Efficiency icra Graph Options X Delete Pump NPSHr ft hd l Ex Draw Graph 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 x Cancel and Close Flow US gpm E Save Pump to Pipe Figure 23 Pump Data Motor pm Pump Size Max Speed Max Impeller 0 000 inch Power HP O rpm Efficiency Stages 0 Calculate The main features of the pump data dialog are listed in the table below The pump section later in this document provides further details of the Graph Options the Pump Data Menu options and the options for opening the Pump Database adding a pump to the Pump Database Import of a Curve Image and Feature Name Distance Along Pipe at Elevation Pump Scroll buttons Set Flow Rate Set Head Increase Set Speed rpm Set Impeller Diam
14. Pumps and Nodes sections 2 Click one of the labelling options in the Pipe Results Fitting Results Pump Results and Node Results sections to determine which of the pipe system s calculation results are displayed in the Drawing pane 3 Click OK to save the labelling configurations and close the Configuration Options dialog or click another tab in the dialog to continue configuring Pipe Flow Expert and the pipe system 4 Toremove a labelling option clear the check box next to the applicable label in the Pipes Fittings Pumps or Nodes section of the Labelling tab 70 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Choosing the System Units The universal unit setting for imperial or metric units determines which type of unit is used by default throughout Pipe Flow Expert for a specific item You can also change the types of units used for individual components in the pipe system on the Units tab of the Configuration Options dialog once you ve defined the universal unit setting The units selected on the Units tab determine which units are displayed for the corresponding fields in the Pipe Flow Expert Node and Pipe panes the various dialogs and the units displayed in the Drawing pane For example if you select feetfrom the Length list in the Pipes section on the Units tab feet will be displayed next to the Length field in the Pipe pane and if the Show Length check box is selected in the Pipes section of the Labelling tab each pipe s length in the
15. Redo NOTE If you added new components such as fittings or flow demande to a pipe or node and you then click the Undo button or select Edit Undo and then click the Redo button or select Edit Redo then the pipe or node will be re added to the Drawing pane without the components When you use the undo action for a pipe or node with components any components that were not drawn as part of the default pipe are permanently removed from the pipe Deleting Components in a System Individual components or groups of components can be deleted from a pipe system in the Drawing pane When you delete a node from a pipe system in the Drawing pane all the pipes connected to the node and the components on those pipes are deleted from the system When you delete an individual pipe all the components on the pipe are also deleted Nodes tanks demand pressures or join points individual pipes and groups of components are HE deleted from a pipe system using the Delete button on the tool bar Other pipe system components are deleted on the dialog associated with that component For example fittings on a pipe are deleted from the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog NOTE Deletions in the Drawing pane cannot be undone Deleting a Node or Pipe To delete a node or pipe from a pipe system 1 Click the Show Item Info button e on the tool bar 2 Click the node or pipe you want to delete in the Drawing pane 3 You can also
16. SDR 26 SDR 35 Sch 55 Sch 105 Sch 805 0 00019 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 00019 inch 0 00019 inch 0 000197 inch 0 0001 97 inch 0 00019 inch 0 00019 inch 0 000197 inch 0 000197 inch 0 00019 inch 0 000197 inch 0 001811 inch 0 001811 inch 0 001811 inch 4 46 14 49 Cancel 30 48 1727 40 11 2 12 324 12 1174 12 1 174 12 3 12 q 12 40 24 4 24 E Add New Material X Remove Material Figure 38 Pipe diameter data materials list 2 Select the pipe s material from the Choose new pipe material list 3 Ifthe pipe material is not in the Choose new pipe material list click the Add new material button to add the new material to the list For more information about adding a pipe material see Adding a Pipe Material to the Database section in Section Creating a Pipe System 4 Click the Select button or double click the row containing the material To change the pipe size 1 The selected material is displayed in the Pipe data section of the Pipe diameter data dialog and a list of all the different pipe sizes available for the selected pipe material is displayed in the Pipe diameter database Calculations and Results 73 m Pipe diameter data Pipe data Pl Pipe Id 1 Material Schedule Class Internal Roughness inch Steel ANSI Sch 40 0 001811 Nominal Size Internal Diam Wa
17. To add a control valve to a pipe 1 You can add a flow control using the Add Control Valve button on the tool bar or the Add Change Control Valve button in the Pipe Pane To add a control valve using the Add Control Valve tool bar button click the Add Control Valve button When you click the Add Control Valve button the control valve symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane Click on the pipe on the Drawing pane where you want to add a control valve Clicking on the pipe opens the Set Control Data screen To add a flow control using the Add Change Control Valve button in the Pipe pane select the pipe to which you want to add a control valve in the Drawing pane The pipe s information is displayed in the Pipe pane Click the Add Change Control Valve button Sc If there is a control valve currently on the selected pipe a number 1 is displayed on the Add Change Control Valve button Clicking the Add Change Control Valve button opens the Set Control Data screen 110 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Set Control Data Pipe 6 Control Name FEY 2 75 Ernie GEI w Flow Control Valve FEY Pressure Reducing Valve PRY Back Pressure Valve DEM Get Flow 2 7500 fe erin Specify Allowable dP Range Optional From To O 0000 bar 0 0000 bar OF Cancel Delete Set Control Data Pipe 12 Control Name PRY 40 psig GE Flow Control Valve FC
18. and if so then they can close the pipe and continue to solve the system 3 Fully Open This mode of operation occurs if the valve s set pressure is greater than the pressure upstream of the valve for the case where the valve is fully open When this occurs in an actual pipe system the PRV maintains a fully open position and it has no effect on the flow conditions except to add a frictional loss through Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 179 the valve In PipeFlow Expert this method of operation is detected and reported But the system is not solved because the differential pressure across the valve would have to be negative Le the valve would be acting like a pump rather than a pressure control Pipe Flow Expert will only solve a system when the PRV is operating in Regulating mode AVOIDING PRV OPERATION PROBLEMS In general PRV operation problems can be avoided by finding the valve s pressure regulating range and specifying the valve s set pressure to a value within this range such that the mode of operation is Regulating First solve the system without the PRV control and note the pressure at the node downstream of the pipe which previously contained the PRV This is the maximum pressure the PRV can be set to i e it is equivalent to finding the valve s inlet pressure for the case where the valve is fully open Secondly solve the system after closing the pipe that contains the PRV and note the pressure at the node down
19. edit the applicable fields and then click the OK button Set Component Pressure Loss Pipe 1 Symbol Component Name MO SO Filed Loss 0 0000 ft Fluid o Curve Loss sec e ft Fluid 0 0 000 35 3000 50 9000 To generate a nd order curve First enter three points Generate Curve Ly goog Ev US gpm water for a1psiloss A Ky 000 Ku mifbour water g Seene for ailbar loss UK Cancel Clear Delete Save To File Load From File Figure 58 Set Component Pressure Loss 11 Type the name of the component pressure loss in the Component Name field 12 Select the Fixed Loss option if the component s pressure loss is a fixed pressure loss and type the fixed pressure loss value 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Calculations and Results 105 Select the Curve Loss option if the component s pressure loss is based on a data curve Select Cv or Kv if the component flow versus pressure loss can is defined in this manner and type the appropriate value See the next section about Cv and Kv values for specific information about entering and using this type of data Click the Pressure Loss Scroll Up or Scroll Down button to select the component pressure loss image you want displayed on the pipe system drawing The image you select does not affect any of the component s pressure loss properties or values Select the applicable units for the component pressure loss cur
20. enter the value in pounds per square inch Adding a Component with a pressure loss To add a component s pressure loss to a pipe 1 You can add the pressure loss using the Add Component Pressure Loss button on the toolbar or the Add Change Component Pressure Loss button in the Pipe Pane 2 To add a pressure loss using the Add Component Pressure Loss tool bar button click the Add Component Pressure Loss button DI 3 When you click the Add Component Pressure Loss button the pressure loss symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 4 Click on the pipe on the Drawing pane where you want to add a component pressure loss 5 Clicking on the pipe opens the Set Component Pressure Loss dialog 104 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 6 To add a pressure loss using the Add Change Component Pressure Loss button in the Pipe pane select the pipe to which you want to add a pressure loss in the Drawing pane 7 The pipe s information is displayed in the Pipe pane 8 Click the Add Change Component Pressure Loss button EN 9 The number of component pressure losses currently on the selected pipe is displayed on the Add Change Component Pressure Loss button Clicking the Add Change Component Pressure Loss button opens the Set Component Pressure Loss dialog 10 To add a component s pressure loss data from an existing pfco file click the Load From File button select the applicable pfco file click Open
21. 000 2200 000 200 000 1050 000 1600 000 Peral 62 4409 138 7503 269 3333 HIERE ZE 630 4092 66 3076 6 Cast Iron 6 Cast Iron 10 Cast Iron 12 Cast Iron 10 Cast Iron 15 Cast Iron 10 Cast Iron Figure 76 Results Tables Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 157 When an item is highlighted in the results sheet table the selected item is also highlighted on the drawing pane and data for the highlighted item is displayed in the Hint pane If the results tables have been closed click the Result Sheet button on the toolbar to reopen the Results Tables To Create a PDF Report Document Units and Labelling Note First configure the labelling and units to be used as described in the section Configuring the System Results Click the Create PDF Report button to open the PDF report dialog PDF Report Generator me ar gt au mg TE Create PDF Report Document Company Information Cover Sheet Image Small Scale Preview Company Name Pipe Flow Software Ca Reset to Default Project Name Project 1 O CH dest COLA O Clear Image None Engineer Reference PF Expert Solution LG Load JPEG Image Loaded images should have an X Y ratio around 2 1 with the maximum width being 1600 pixels Cover Sheet Header Information Page Information PDF Page Ratio V Include Cover Sheet V Include Company Name J Include Page Number a Auto Orientation Best fit f Y Include P
22. 1 0 bar pressure drop will occur with a 10 m hour of water throughput through the valve The Kv flow coefficient of a control valve can be calculated from the flow rate and the pressure drop through the valve The density of the liquid in kg m must also be used in the calculation D Ky Q LD _ v Q o00xaP Where Kv flow coefficient Q flow rate in m hr AP pressure loss in bar across the valve D the density of the fluid in kg m 1000 the density of water in kg m The usual arrangement of the formula for calculation of Kv is shown above It can be seen that this formula is similar to the one which is used for calculation of Cv values With a known Kv flow coefficient the above formula can be re arranged to calculate the pressure loss for a particular flow rate thus _ D xQ AP 000 Ki Where Kv flow coefficient Q flow rate in m hr AP pressure loss in bar across the valve D the density of the fluid in kg m 1000 the density of water in kg m The pressure loss through a fitting or valve may also be calculated from Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 175 _Kxv D 29 Where A fuig head of fluid in meters K flow coefficient of a valve or fitting V fluid velocity entering the fitting in m s g acceleration due to gravity in meters sec also Dax D XQ p 100000 Where P pressure in bar h fluid head of fluid in meters D density of fluid in kg m g acce
23. 17 ft hd Elevation Fall 92 000 ft Friction Loss 11 83 ft hd Fitting Loss none Pipe 4 D 8 3inch L 1100 0ft W0 0S6 T UIU 9 8 268 inch RW Diam Roughness 0 000394 inch SJ Material Pipe 8 D 8 3inc h L 1150 0ft Pipe 3 D 8 3inch L 1800 Oft Pipe 6 D 6 1inch L 1700 0ft Rees More N7 754 6ft N4 141 0ft N5 72 Oft 0 0 psi g 10 0ft Hint Pane 161 800 ft min 48 250 ft min Start Pressure 155 6374 psi g v Internal Diameter g Grid X 60 Y 41 Show Info Left click on an item to show its details in the left hand panel Figure 2 Pipe Flow Expert interface Menu Bar The menu bar has nine different menu selections to help you navigate and work in Pipe Flow Expert File Edit Units Fluid Drawing Tools License Documentation Help Figure 3 Menu Bar Calculations and Results 17 File Menu E New CF New Tab Ctrl N Open Ctri O ty Open Examples Ctrl Alt 0 kd Save Ctrl 5 ka Save As Save Screen Image Save Screen as EMF MetaFile gt g Email System ki Email Screen Image D Create PDF System Drawing Create PDF Customized Report Print Ctrl P Page Setup Recover from AutoSave Files x Purge Auto Saved Files Exit Figure 4 File Menu Menu Items Description New Opens a new drawing grid in the Drawing pane New Tab Opens a new drawing grid in a new tab Tabbed Design Sheets let you work on mu
24. 38 Figure 75 Pipe Flow Expert interface in Results mode The details for the last node or pipe selected with a mouse click will be displayed in the hint pane Moving the cursor over an item on the drawing will allow the user to view the calculated results in a pop up data pane To view the Results Table Click the View Results Sheet button on the results log to open the Results Table Pipe Flow Expert Senir A A rm File Units Pipe ld Pipe Name and Hotes LI Fluid Zone TotalK Mass Flaw Flow Dieser US MGO 45 5398 O47 80 1986 0 83 7 3007 0 08 46 6911 0 48 3 2018 0 66 t Velocity Leer 0 523 2 360 1 453 2147 2 910 T Inner Diameter Roughness Length inch ft 0 010200 1050 000 0 010200 1050 000 0 010200 1450 000 0 010200 2600 000 0 010200 1250 000 0 010200 1450 000 Material inch 16 000 10 000 4 000 6 000 6 000 4 7000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 12 Cast Iron 10 Cast Iron 4 Cast Iron H Cast Iron 8 Cast Iron 2 Cast Iron Water 69 F at U Up o Water 69 F at U Ups o Water 65 at U Ups 0 Water 65 at U Ups o Water EBF at U Up o Water EF at U Up o Water 65 at U Ups 0 Water 66 F at O Ops g Water ESF at U Ups o Water 69 F at U Up o Water EBF at U Up o Water 69 F at U Ups o Water 65 at U Ups 0 6 000 6 000 10 000 12 000 10 000 14 000 10 000 0 070200 0 070200 0 070200 0 070200 0 010200 0 010200 0 010200 1770 000 2100 000 1250
25. 86 INO GSS OMe e 88 o olga NOOO EE 88 FIDOS re A T aah dang gad seadaoaudiangseoadoeaplkunan aces 90 A 90 Adding a Pipe Material to the Database 0nnannnnnnannannannnnnnnnonnnnrnnnonrnnrnrrrnrrnnrnnrrnrrnrrerrsrrsnrnrrsnrnneo 93 Adding Pipe Size Data to the REN EE 93 Reversing ING PDA IS 94 closing a Pip ithe Sy Stem E 94 Using the Pipe Sub menu While drawmg 95 Preventa BaCKHOW IANO EE 96 Using the Default Pipe feature while drawing ui 96 PUNG a WW 97 ACUM EREL ie 97 Adding a Fitting to the RE E 99 COMPONENTS adela 103 Adding a Component with a pressure lOSS cooocconcccocncocncccncnonocnconncnnnnonnrnnnnnonnncnnrnonrnnnnnnnanennennnos 103 Ov and Ky le Eeer EE 106 Adding a component valve with a Cv or kvvalue 106 Control Valves FOV PRY ET 109 ele ale RR FlOW GONTTOl VaVe EE 110 Lellig Lef GD Melle RE 111 Adding a Back Pressure Vahye 112 O 114 Adding a PUNO a 114 Adding a Fixed Flow Rate PUN tee 115 Note about Fixed Flow Rate PUMPS sins nii iia aaa eA E RAE ERER 116 Adding a Fixed Head Pressure Rise PUMP we sccceesceecieetineticeticvticsticwsiieanconscwaninessoesnceenenunineen ENEE 117 Adding a Fixed Speed HS ln ie BE 118 Working Wini PUMO CUNS EE e e BEE 120 Mport PUMP e Ten e EE 122 Variable Speed and Change to Impeller ze cece cccecccceececeeeeseeeeseeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeeesees 125 Predicted Peroimance Dala init ooo oca 126 Seale PUMO DADAS O eos 129 Browse Pump Database EE 130 Example Pu
26. A Asadito O Type al Metric 100 mm MESO Gate Globe Angle Plug Bl BallFE Dall Lift AngeCh 100 mm Gw h 100 mm Se chy S GI GI Ee CH EN LA Feature Symbol Type Metric Imperial Description K value Qty Save Clear Cancel Pipe Size Metric Pipe Sizes mm Imperial Pipe Sizes inch Fitting Database al Imperial at Description at Double dick on a fitting item Standard Bend to add it to the pipe fittings Long Bend Elbow 45 deg Calculate K value Return Bend l a entrance rounded Mitre Bend 45 deg ES gradual enlargement Mitre Bend 90 deg E Gate Valve 35 gradual contraction Globe Valve CH sudden enlargement Sere vake ee a sudden contraction Plug Valve Straightway ima Butterfly Valve long pipe bend Ball Valve Full Bore Ball Valve Reduced Bore Al Create new fitting Lift Check Valve 10 2000 a Remove entry Lift Check Valve Angled 0 9400 Swing Check Valve 2 0000 Figure 20 Pipe Fittings Database Description Fitting type symbol Fitting type short code Nominal metric fitting size Nominal imperial fitting size Fitting description Local loss coefficient of fitting Quantity of fittings Save the fitting selections to the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane Clear the fitting selections Close the Pipe Fittings Database without making any changes Click to display fittings to match the current pipe size
27. Configuration Options Pipe Settings Tab 75 Figure 42 Configuration Options Node Updates Tab 77 Figure 43 Configuration Options Results Colors Tab 78 Figure 44 Calculation Seling S fccxcicacecenscicastcegidsaicecdcaniciatd Sepcqnasnaanancdecaderadesacecaseraiwaduecsacietdtedededenenencacesns 79 IQUE A 5 FMI e En E EE 81 GAG Fud ALA EE 83 Sie A Properties e RE 85 FIQure 48 Node E ANIC EE Lu 86 FIqure 49 Node Rane TOK JO ROM Scan is 88 FIQUIS 90 Set FlOW DEN Ee e E 89 Figure 51 Pipe diameter Gata materials list E 91 Figure 52 Pipe diameter data pipe sizes cccoocccoccoconcconncncnonononanonnnnonnonannnnnnnnnnonnnonnnnrnrnonnnonaneraninaninans 92 FIQUIE 99 PIpe SUD MenU eiii arrienda 95 Figure 54 Pipe fitting friction coefficients database nnnannennennennnnnnnnnnnnnnnrrrrrnrrrrrnnrsnrnrrrnrrerrnrrnnene 98 Figure 55 Add a fitting in the Pipe fitting friction Coefficients liStiNQS cooccconcnconcnconcncnncnonannnnos 100 Figure 506 NOOSE TITLING E DO EE 100 Foure oZ oudden Contraction EV ANIC ice ce ca calc ac ce A ene A ose 102 Figure 58 Set Component Pressure LOSS siini a a aaa 104 Figure 59 Adding a Cv Kv flow Coefficient value 00nnannnannoannnannnnnnnnnornnnnnnnrnnnnsnrnnrrnnrrsnrrnnrrnrrnnnene 106 Figure 60 Set Control Valve Datta cccccccccccecsececsececeeesaeeccueecceeecceeecceeecoesecceeescenesceeeseeeesenessenessaes 110 Figure 61 Add Pump Comiirm dalog EE 115
28. Curve Calculations and Results 123 Additional Data Step 5 Click additional points on the chosen pump curve in order to define it across the flow range of the pump NPSHr Enter the Efficiency amp NPSHr associated with each operating point on mhd Fluid Repeat for up to 10 points to build the pump model Efficiency o Die SE EJES Step 6 Ls reg This input table can be moved around the screen in order to allow viewing of Ega Rhim any parts of the pump curve which may be obscured Click on the header 0 000 196 046 bar and drag it to a new position 81 356 193 495 X 98 175 190 306 X The table shows Flow Head Efficiency and NPSHr entries 122 816 183 929 Ka 139 635 178 189 X Select from the heading drop down to switch between display of Head 172430 156 X Efficiency and NPSHr values 188 527 148 214 Lal E EE Es Entries can be updated and deleted as required E Clear All Data Points Speed Step 7 3450 rpm Enter the pump operating speed impeller diameter and specify the impeller Imp Diam units 6 500 inch e E ii e Click Save Data to Pump to return to the main Pump Screen save Data To Pump The imported data produces a pump graph with a flow versus head performance curve This simple pump object can be Saved on to a pipe within a system Open Pump Database Se Add Pump to Database EN Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet Pump Performance Curve Pump Catalog Man
29. Drop down list of metric pipe sizes click to display matching fitting sizes Drop down list of imperial pipe sizes click to display matching fitting sizes Listing of fittings and friction coefficients 42 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Add Selected Item On To Pipe Calculate K value Create new fitting Remove entry Copy fitting data from listing to the list on the currently selected pipe Calculate local loss coefficient for entrance rounded gradual enlargement gradual contraction sudden enlargement sudden contraction or long pipe bend Create data for non standard fittings Remove data from fittings database Calculations and Results 43 Component Pressure Loss Feature Component Name Pressure Loss Scroll buttons Fixed Loss Curve Loss Flow Pressure Loss Generate Curve Cv Flow Coefficient Value Kv Flow Coefficient Value OK Cancel Clear Delete Save To File Load From File Set Component Pressure Loss Pipe 1 Symbol M E Component Hame Fixed Loss 400001 ft Fluid B sec e ft Fluid 0 0 000 35 3000 0 33 30 9000 Curve Loss To generate a nd order cure First enter three points Generate Curve Cy 0 000 CUS gpm water i for al psi loss Ky o om Ksmhour water l Ss for a1 bar loss Ok Cancel Clear Delete Save To File Load Fram File Figure 21 Component Pressure Loss Description Name of the component Choose symbol for the c
30. Example New Tab Opens a new design sheet allowing users to work on multiple systems Mis simultaneously Tabbed Sheets work in both Design View and Results Mode Switch between different system models with a single click 30 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Keyboard Shortcuts Various keyboard shortcuts are provided which duplicate the actions of some Menu system options and some of the Tool Bar buttons CTRL N for New Tab CTRL X for Cut CTRL C for Copy CTRL V for Paste CTRL DEL key for delete operations CTRL O for Open CTRL S for Save CTRL P for Print CTRL ALT O for Open Examples CTRL R for Rotate 90 Degrees CTRL ALT R for Rotate 90 Degrees CTRL M for Mirror Items Left Right CTRL I for Invert Items Up Down CTRL Z for Zoom to fit on screen Node Pane The Node pane displays the properties of the node selected on the pipe system in the Drawing pane The type of node selected in the Type field determines which features are available in the Node pane Node Types A node can be a join point tank or demand pressure referred to as End Pressure in the Node pane The type of node selected is shown in the Type field The type of node can be changed by selecting from the options shown in drop down type list Nodes are located at the beginning and end of a pipe and at the junction of pipes in a pipe system You can use the drop down Node Id list next to the Node name field to select an individual node or to scro
31. Jegen WE 11 Welcome to Fipe FOW EXPO yori 11 Pipe Flow EX pert EE 11 Minimum Operating System Requirements nnannnannnannennonnnnunnsnnnrnnonrrnrinnrrsnrrsnrrnrrrnrrsnrennernnrnnnennen 12 Registration and Licensing Information 13 Contacting PIS FOIOS cias 15 Additional Pipe Flow Software Programs ooccccocnccccnccncnccncnccncnconononnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnonnnnnnnnnonnnnnnannnnnnnnanons 15 Inernacs and Menus iia 16 rc E 16 ENONIC EE 17 EdE MEMU oieee ieor aE S 19 Bin e Ent EE 20 A MECO 20 BE AVIV INS TM TEE 22 LOOS MONU EE 23 Been E E 23 DOCM Stato Eu 24 KEE leger 25 FOOD E 26 Reie gl En e AE EE 26 Keyboard io AAA A 30 No o 30 Node T E E ee en en een enn rent eee 30 RE ele DD r co area eugene ary ar a re enone Reema emne ee toe net ee 31 Beie ET RT EE 32 o se aceiad Saas aee eaa he a e 33 FIOW Demandas oaa E E E corea 34 Riet ANG EE R E A ANENE ES NS O AE EES AEE nanierndanntnoniianionnionntannieanbaniteaniagas 35 PIDO e te 35 A IA A o E Pe 37 FIDE Diametr Dala nsis aisi neas e o ES EP E E 39 IPS FINOS DADAS eee ee no eee men ee nee ne a ene a 41 Component Pressure LOS ti ES 43 Control Valve Dalai ad 44 O 45 4 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide a Ke EN 47 Configuration OptionS Screen c ccccecescecescecescecesceesceneccenecceeescenesceeesceeesceeesceeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseneesenes 49 E al ic e EE 49 Bin TUE a EE 51 Fipe Settings abia 53 Node Updates Ee SE 55 Results ee Ee E 56 E
32. Open the full User Guide PDF document Open Example Systems PDF Open the Examples Systems PDF document Open Results Verification PDF Open the Calculation Results Verification PDF document Open Pipe Flow Brochure PDF Open the Pipe Flow Expert PDF Brochure Help Menu Menu Items Contents Index Load Example Systems Create a System Step by Step License Status Move This License Go to www pipeflow com About Pipe Flow Expert Calculations and Results 25 e Contents Fl a Index Load Example Systems Create a System Step by Step License Status Move This License Go to www pipeflow com 5 020 About Pipe Flow Expert Figure 12 Help Menu Description Displays the Help information starting at the contents page Displays the Help information starting at the index page Lists the examples systems that can be loaded viewed and the results calculated Displays the Help information starting at the page that describes how to create a system using a step by step walkthrough of each operation Displays the current license status and registration information Displays instructions that explain how to deactivate the current license and obtain a license removal confirmation code How to create a new installation which will require a new license code Users need to maintain ongoing support to receive licensing assistance Launches an internet browser window to view the Pipe Flow web site Displays
33. Pressure Reducing Valve PRY Back Pressure Valve BP Set Pressure 40 0000 psig Elevation PRY placed at end of pipe 10 000 ft Elevation set from end node Specify Allowable dP Range Optional From To 0 0000 psi Cancel Delete 0 0000 psi Set Control Data Pipe 15 Control Name BPY 75 psig GE Flow Control Valve FC O Pressure Reducing Valve FRY Back Pressure Valve BP Set Pressure 75 0000 psig Elevation DV placed at start of pipe 3000 ft Elevation set from start node Specify Allowable dP Range Optional From To HU pei 0 0000 pei UK Cancel Delete Figure 60 Set Control Valve Data 10 Select the type of control valve to be added FCV PRV or BPV by clicking one of the radio buttons 11 The screen will change to allow the entry of data for the type of valve selected 12 Enter the appropriate data for the control valve type 13 If you wish to enter an allowable differential pressure range for the valve operation click the check box and enter the From and To pressure values When the system is solved a warning will be issued if the differential pressure across the control valve is outside the entered range 14 Click OK to add the control valve to the pipe Leal When a control valve of any type is added to a pipe the Include check box is displayed and selected next to the Add Change Flow Control button When the Include check box is se
34. Results for Fluid Data Tabulated Results for Pump Data Tabulated Results for Pipe Data with up to 12 selected data items for each pipe Tabulated Results for Node Data with up to 12 selected data items for each node Tabulated Results for Energy Data Results Log Summary if option selected The company information the cover sheet image and all the other selected options can be saved for future use Click the Save Report Options button to display the Save As dialog Previously saved report options can be reloaded Click the Load Report Options button to display the Open dialog O Pipe Fou Pipe Flow Design 1 Results Data Figure 85 PDF Results Report Pages To Create a PDF Report Document 1 2 Enter the Company Information Load a cover sheet image Select the Cover Sheet Header Information and Page Information options Select the Report Data options Choose the Pipe Data Node Data and Energy Data to be included Click the Create PDF Report button to generate a PDF results document The generated PDF report file will be displayed in your PDF Adobe Reader program The PDF file will be automatically stored in the user s local temporary folder however the user may wish to save a copy of this document to a different location using the Save a Copy option from Adobe Reader file menu 166 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Calculation Theory and Method of Solution The Pipe Flow
35. TOS MEM titan 23 BG SVS MAN ii 23 BP used ataahoosnootacotteatteattauatisntismuseriuassiemarenremanes 24 ICID M ee 25 Tank Node EE 31 end Pressure Node PAN eddie 32 JOIN ON t Tee PAS ar xe taecesatenateaa 33 FLOW DCI AOS 0 A IS 34 Pipe Fane and Pipe Sub Men Usina idas 35 IDC Mate nal Dar cs 37 FID Diameter Dalacin aei aan a aaea ia aaraa 39 PIS ICING D AAO ASC a E eo rot 41 Component Pressure e E 43 Sl o E O A 44 AAA e e o 45 Drawing Panes Standard or Isometric ccoocccoccnccccnccncnconcncnncnnnnnncnnnonnnnnonnnonnnnnonanonnnnnnnnns 48 Configuration Options Labelling Tab 49 Configuration Options Uniis TaD ecca EEA 51 Configuration Options Pipe Settings Tab 53 Configuration Options Node Updates Tab 55 Configuration Options Results Colors tab 56 Configuration Options Calculations Tab iia naaa 5 ee TADICS eege ee EEEE 59 VIEW NdVigual GE 61 SE OO EE 64 PONURO NOrmal oN AUO ecrin cut rho msaceateneameraveniaeeasaneeiacsngnaaaniaalien 66 Configuration Options Labelling Tab EE 69 Calculations and Results 9 Figure 36 Configuration Options Units roab cess eeseeeeseeeeseeeesseeesaeesaeeeseeeess 70 Figure 37 Configuration Options Pipe Settings Lab 71 Figure 38 Pipe diameter data materials let 72 Figure 39 Pipe Diameter Data Pipe Sizes occcoccoccnccocccocnonononanocnnnonnonannnnnnnnnnonanonnnnnnrnnnnnonanenannnnninans 73 Iguro 40 PIPE Ting mMeionmcoeeieniS secre ANA 74 Figure 41
36. The density and viscosity of each fluid zone must be set by the user Pipe Flow Expert does not calculate the resultant density or viscosity of any mixed fluids Each pipe in a system can be associated with an available fluid zone The density and viscosity of the associated fluid zone will be used in calculating the flow rate and pressure loss in each pipe Most systems may only have one Fluid Zone therefore when a new system is being drawn each new pipe will be associated with the fluid zone associated with the default pipe data Fluid Zone 1 is the Default Fluid Zone The color of Fluid Zone 1 cannot be changed Pipes in the default fluid zone are not background highlighted Pipes associated with Fluid Zone 2 to Fluid Zone 20 are background highlighted to assist with identification of the different fluid zones The background highlight color for these fluid zones can be amended by the user This background highlighting may be toggled on off from a fluid menu option Changing the fluid data of a fluid zone will affect the calculation of flow and pressure loss for all pipes associated with the fluid zone Defining Fluid Zones The Fluid button Fluid on the tool bar opens the fluid zone menu Change Fluid Create New Fluid Zone Delete Current Fluid Zone Change Color for this Fluid Zone Select Add Pipes to this Fluid Zone On Off Show Colors for Fluid ones Reset Fluid ones to Default Colors Close Figu
37. ZA 2 Click the Adjust Attributes of Selected Pipes button 2 on the tool bar to open the Pipe Settings tab of the Configuration Options dialog 3 Individual pipes can be added or removed from the selected list by checking or un checking the box adjacent to the pipe description 4 Click Copy All Pipe Data to copy all of the pipe attributes including valves and fittings and the fluid zone to the selected pipes 76 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 12 13 Click Copy All Diameter Data to copy the default internal and external pipe diameter to the selected pipes Click Copy Internal Diameter Only to copy the default internal diameter to the selected pipes Click Copy All Material Data to copy the default material schedule class and internal roughness to the selected pipes Click Copy Internal Diameter Only to copy the default internal diameter to the selected pipes Click Copy Roughness Only to copy the default internal roughness to the selected pipes Click Copy Length Only to copy the default pipe length to the selected pipes Click Copy Fittings Only to copy the default pipe fittings to the selected pipes Click Copy Components Only to copy the default pipe component to the selected pipes Click Copy Color and Style to copy the default pipe color and line width to the selected pipes Calculations and Results 77 Node Updates The node elevation and the node image on the Node Updates Tab may be copied to other nod
38. a pop up window that shows details about the software 26 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Tool Bar Most of the Pipe Flow Expert functions can be performed by using a button on the tool bar The Re Design Results Sheet Results PDF and Show Log buttons are only available on the tool bar after you click the Calculate button on the tool bar The tool bar also contains a field for determining whether the unit values displayed in Pipe Flow Expert and the pipe system are imperial or metric The first step in creating a pipe system is to select the Imperial or Metric option You can define whether imperial or metric values are used from the tool bar the Units menu or from the Units tab in the Configuration Options dialog Inches feet and gallons are examples of imperial units Centimeters meters and liters are examples of metric units Tool Bar Buttons Button ea ii A 1 Ew m Name and Description New Grid Opens a new drawing grid Open File Opens the Open dialog Select a pfe file and click the Open button to open an existing pipe system drawing in Pipe Flow Expert Save File Saves your changes to the pipe system drawing Email System Information Opens a new e mail message with the pipe system pfe file attached to the e mail Email Screen Image Opens a new e mail message with a jpeg of the screen image attached to the e mail Print Opens the Printing Information dialog Type the pa
39. a required minimum pressure To find the fluid flow rate exiting the pipe system a demand pressure is drawn and the required pressure set for each sprinkler head Demand pressures can only be set at the end of a pipe that does not join into anything else A pipe can have a demand flow or a demand pressure at the end of a pipe but it cannot have both Adding a Demand Pressure at an end node To add a demand pressure to an end node 1 Click the Add Demand Pressure button el on the tool bar 2 When you click the Add Demand Pressure button the demand pressure symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 3 Click on the end of a pipe on the Drawing pane where you want to add a demand pressure 4 Click Yes when asked Do you wish to change the type of node to an end demand pressure 5 The demand pressure is added to the pipe system and is selected on the Drawing pane Define the demand pressure s properties in the Node pane Node 5 JE NS Type End Pressure e ER leon Pressure 2 3000 psig Elevation 3 500 f Figure 70 Node pane for end pressures 6 Type the demand pressure s name in the Node field 7 End Pressure is automatically selected in the Type list Calculations and Results 135 Click the Demand Pressure Scroll Up or Scroll Down button to select the demand pressure image you want displayed on the pipe system drawing The image you select does not affe
40. a series of radio buttons are used to select labelling options when in results mode The result options determine which calculated results are displayed for a solved pipe system in the Drawing pane Results are displayed for a calculated solved pipe system after clicking the Calculate button on the toolbar For more information about pipe system results see Calculating the System Flow and Pressure To configure the pipe system labelling LABEL Click the Labelling button E on the tool bar to open the Labelling tab of the Configuration Options screen j er Options A Labelling Units Fipe Data Node Data Results Colors Calculations Drawing Options Pipes Fipe Results Show Name Show Pipe a Show Flow Rate Show Mass Flow Show Diameter Y Component Name Show Velocity v Show Length Flow Control Name Show dP Total Pressure Drop Fittings Fitting Results Ji Show Valves v Show Bends 9 Do Not Show on drawing Show Total K Value Show Pressure Loss through fittings Pumps when moving position on pipe Pump Results Show Pump Name a Do Not Show on drawing v Show Distance on Pipe Show Pump Head i Show Elevation Show NPSH available Nodes Node Results J Show Name Show Node Do Not Show on drawing Show Elevation Show Pressure at Node Show Tank Info Cancel Figure 35 Configuration Options Labelling tab 1 Select the check boxes next to the labelling options you want to apply to the pipe system in the Pipes Fittings
41. as Excel File dialog 4 Type a name for the file in the File Name field 5 Select Pipe Flow Network xIsx from the Save as type list 6 Click Save to save the pipe system results from the selected tab Exporting the System Results The values displayed in the Results Tables can be exported directly into Microsoft Excel When you are exporting to Microsoft Excel from the Results Tables only the values displayed on the currently selected tab are exported To export all the result values click the All Results tab before exporting To export a pipe system s results into a xlsx file 1 After a pipe system has been calculated and solved click the View Results Sheet button on the Results Log dialog to open the Results Tables or close the results log and click the Results Sheet button on the tool bar 2 Click the tab containing the values you want to export 3 Click the Export to Excel button El or select File Export to Excel 4 Clicking the Export to Excel button or menu selection opens the pipe system results from the selected tab in a worksheet in Microsoft Excel If Microsoft Excel is not available the results can be copied to the Windows clipboard so that the data can be pasted into other spreadsheet applications Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 163 P bg Pipe Flow Expert Results o dlls ds Oe lll mg eee Sa ff P ts ER File Units da De a a Pipes Fittings Pumps Nodes Fl
42. configuration settings are defined in the Configuration Options dialog which is made up of a series of tabs one for each page of configuration options E You can access the Configuration Options dialog by selecting the Specify Units menu selection from the Units menu or clicking the Labelling or Units button on the tool bar To select a Default Pipe size for drawing click the Pipe button on the tool bar to choose the pipe material the pipe diameter and pipe length etc To set the Default Pipe attributes to match the currently Set as Default Pipe for Drawing selected pipe right click to display the pipe pop up menu and choose the Set as Default Pipe for Drawing option Choosing Units imperial metric Pipe Flow Expert provides the flexibility to enter the units for the components of a pipe system in imperial inches feet gallons metric millimeters centimeters liters or a combination of the two units of measure It is best practice to configure the system s universal imperial or metric unit setting before configuring individual units and default values The universal unit setting converts all values to imperial or metric units in a pipe system If you will be using a combination of imperial and metric units you can change the type of units used for individual components on the Units tab of the Configuration Options dialog once you ve defined the universal setting NOTE When you change the universal unit setting it conve
43. fluids in the system Display the information about the pipe materials in the system Display the information about the energy usage in the system Display the information about the elements in the system Calculations and Results 61 Viewing Individual Results Items are highlighted by a left clicking with the mouse while hovering over an item on the drawing pane Data for the highlighted item is displayed in the Hint pane In Results mode when an item is selected the Hint pane is used to display information about the item which can include flow rates velocities pressure drops pressures at join points HGLs hydraulic grade line elevations of tanks and nodes and fluid heads at specific points within the system Also in Results mode when the cursor is moved over an item on the drawing a pop up panel appears that displays information about the item When the cursor is moved away from the item the popup panel automatically disappears This allows a user to inspect a large number of results for different parts of the system without having to click the mouse The Results Popup Panel displays a variety of important results data including e Volumetric Flow Rate e Mass Flow Rate e Velocity e Pressure Loss e Friction Loss e Fitting Loss e Pipe Flow Expert TwoPressureZones ope File Edit Units Fluid Drawing Tools License Documentation Help B ES WS CH ma m
44. guarantees that you will always be able to use the latest version of the software Calculations and Results 15 Contacting PipeFlow com Email info pipeflow com Internet http www pipeflow com UK Telephone 44 0 1625 509142 USA Telephone 1 650 276 3569 1 650 276 FLOW PipeFlow com and PipeFlow co uk are trading names of Daxesoft Ltd U K Registered Company Additional Pipe Flow Software Programs Pipe Flow Wizard What if Calculations on a Single Pipe for Liquids and Gases Pipe Flow Wizard is able to perform four different calculations depending on the known information It can calculate e Pressure Drops e Flow Rates e Size of Internal Diameters e Pipe Lengths Pipe Flow Wizard will perform calculations for individual pipes Pipe Flow Wizard will calculate results for LIQUIDS or COMPRESSED GASES A Fluid Database is included with viscosity and density of common fluids Flow Advisor for Channels and Tanks Flow Advisor may be used to estimate water flow rate from various shaped channels and tanks It can calculate Open Channel Flow Water Flow Rates Time taken to empty tanks Volume Capacity Weight and Expansion A Materials Database is included with density and coefficient of expansion of common materials All of our software can be downloaded for a free trial by visiting www pipeflow com Once you have installed a trial version of one of our software products it can be fully enabled and licensed
45. min diam Ei Done Adjusting Pump More Info Individual Updates 10 _ Update Individual Efficiency Points Fern Graph Display Options Preferred Operating region between 0 00 and 0 00 US gpm Pump Curves KM Y Design Curve MN Y Design Point 8 000 inch XYZ Pumps E 7 Envelope MA Y System Curve 4 Pref Op Static 0 00 ft hd v Imported Image Additional Curves WY Efficiency M Power Line Ml NPSHr O Iso 5 E Head ft hd Fluid Vater 68 F Graph Lines J Grid Lines MM Y Min Flow Line Standard Fine 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 Save Cancel Flow US gpm Fade Imported Image Figure 68 Adjusted Pump Model A logo image can also be added to the pump graph to assist with identification of the pump Calculations and Results 129 Search Pump Database The Pump Database can be used to search for pumps that match a set of specified criteria which include flow amp head requirements within a given speed range There are further search refinements that filter the results to look for solutions with the best efficiencies largest impellers or fastest operating speeds Pump Library Pump Database Filtered Results 19 Pumps X Clear Filtered Results Pump Library Filename Pump Name Speed Imp Diam Flow Head Efficiency a Rpm inch USgpm ft hdFluid 3 Generic_1 1 2x1 8_AA_2950 pfpPump 2670 5 9750 120 0000 50 32 44 26 Flow 120 0 USgpm where flow No Preference
46. more information about adding a fitting to the database see Adding a Fitting to the Database section in Section Creating a Pipe System Click the Add selection to pipe button or double click the row containing the fitting The selected fitting is displayed in the Fittings on section of the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog Select the quantity of the fitting you are adding to the pipe from the fitting s Qty list in the Fittings on section Calculations and Results 75 10 To add additional fittings to the pipe repeat Steps 4 9 11 Click Save to add the fitting to the pipe and to close the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen 12 Confirm the changes to the default pipe settings 13 Click OK to save the default pipe values and close the Configuration Options dialog or click another tab in the dialog to continue configuring Pipe Flow Expert and the pipe system Change attributes of more than one pipe Some or all of the Default pipe values may be copied to other pipes in the system The Selection Tool or the Individual Item Selection Option may be used to select a range of pipes on the drawing prior to opening the Pipe Settings tab Configuration Options Labelling Pipe Data Node Data Results Colors Calculations Default Pipe Data Default Pipe Copy Default Pipe Data to Selected ltems 3 pipes selected Internal Diameter P1 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 6 096 m __ P2 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm
47. new mail message in your default e mail application with the system s pfe file attached to the e mail 2 Compose and send the email Printing a System When you print a pipe system in Pipe Flow Expert only the visible part of image what is currently displayed in the Drawing pane is printed If you wish to print the entire pipe system click the Zoom Out button EI on the toolbar to zoom out until the area you wish to print is visible in the Drawing pane The printed image will be scaled to fit on one page by default but you can customize the scaling using the Scale to fit fields If you want to change the paper s orientation to landscape or print to a printer other than your Computers default printer open the Page Setup dialog and make your 66 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide selections before printing the pipe system To access the Page Setup dialog select Print Setup from the File menu As an alternative for larger higher quality prints of your complete system you can create a PDF image of your system drawing by using the option provided on the file menu The PDF drawing can then be printed at a size to suit your requirements To print a pipe system LJ a 1 Click the Print button on the toolbar or select File Print to open the Printing Information dialog Print Drawing Quick Print Mote For high resolution printing we recommend that you create a POF of the system drawing Quick Print The visible pa
48. noa Flow balance equation ff f2 fi Figure 91 Pressure Reducing Valve replacement The pressure difference between the upstream node P1 and the downstream node P2 must equal the pressure loss through the pipe fittings and any components on the pipe plus the pressure loss introduced by the PRV The pressure balance is then maintained after the system is solved when the pipe is reinstated along with the pressure loss introduced by the pressure reducing valve MODES OF OPERATION A PRV can operate under three different conditions 1 regulating 2 fully closed and 3 fully open How the valve operates depends on the defined set pressure value for the valve The fully open and fully closed positions represent the extreme operations of the valve Each of the valve positions is described below 1 Regulating The valve maintains the downstream pressure to the set value by introducing a pressure loss across the valve thus throttling the flow rate through the PRV 2 Fully Closed This mode of operation occurs if the valve s set pressure is less than the pressure downstream of the valve for the case where the valve is closed When this occurs in an actual pipe system the flow through the PRV reverses and the PRV acts as a check valve closing the pipe In PipeFlow Expert this method of operation is detected and reported but the system is not then solved for this scenario The user must decide if this method of operation is what they intended
49. offer some suggestions as to why the system cannot be solved To calculate the balanced results for a pipe system in the Drawing pane click the Calculate button The Include check boxes in the Pipe pane allow you to include or exclude the fittings component pressure losses control valves and pumps when solving the system The check boxes allow you to view and re run the system calculations without having to delete and re add the components to the system Select an Include check box to include a component s values in a system s calculations Clear an Include check box to exclude a component s values from a system s calculations Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 153 Automatic Checks and Updates Before a pipe system is solved the software performs some automatic checking of the system data and allows users to accept various recommended updates to make the system information consistent The software interface is intuitive and it provides easy access to amend the system data as required however standalone changes to pipe diameters pipe lengths and node elevations can sometimes create inconsistence s in the design data Three types of checks are performed before a system solution is calculated The Outer Diameter and Wall Thickness of some pipes is not consistent with the Internal Diameter Update the Outer Diameters Wall Thicknesses amp Nominal Sizes to make the pipe data consistent Recommended Ye
50. on the drawing Show the pressure drop of the fittings on the drawing Do not show the pump results data on the drawing Show the pump head on the drawing Show the net positive suction head available at the pump inlet on the drawing Do not show the pressure at the nodes Show the pressure at the nodes on the drawing Confirm changes to configuration options Close the labelling tab without making any changes Units Tab Configuration Options Feature Length Diameter Roughness Head Losses Flow Rate Mass Flow Velocity Weight Volume Surface Area Energy Labelling Units Settings Pipes Length Diameter Roughness Head Losses Flow Rate Mass Flow Velocity Weight Volume Surface Area Energy Tanks Nodes Control Components Pressure Liquid Level Calculations and Results Node Data Calculations Results Colors Pipe Data Tanke Nodes Controls amp Components metres Pressure bar g e millimetres Liquid Level metres millimetres Elevation metres m Fluid System Results Litres min Atmosphere 1 013250 bar a kigs sec Pressure Ref Gage Absolute meer Pressure bar g 8 kgs Temperature C Centigrade nr Density kgr m Change All Units Elo atts Imperial o Metric Cancel Figure 26 Configuration Options Units Tab Description Select the units for display of the pipe lengths Select the units for display of the pipe internal diame
51. oy E RE DESIGN Results Sheet Results PDF Show Log x 4 Zone 1 Water 62 303 Ib fP at 0 Opsi g 68 F v TwoPressureZones pfe pe pr Units Imperial Metric el a 100 VE J m A Results Ke ___ Color of Pipe Flow Rate mfGZsec E a Node 2 G N2 lt RE t owinte sec 3 KEREN q Type ep Join Point o Ss N8 400 0ft N7 500 0ft 0 0 psi g 0 0ft 0 0 psi g 0 0ft S 0 0000 psi g 0 0000 psi g Elevation of Join 400 000 ft Demands In L 2 0000 ft sec 3 0 0000 fB sec Ed T 7 J L 3 E S Demands Out we f ma P1 f 1 0352 N5 400 0ft 2 0000 fP sec Edit N1 400 0ft 38 8928 psi g y j 39 6111 psi g Ki Notes a i Se N10 100 0ft N11 100 0ft 21 6764 psi g 21 6764 psi g Name y Po Pipe 13 P13 gt SS Flow 0 3516 ft sec Length D Mass Flow 21 9063 Ib sec 2000 000 ft 3 ee ee 5 Length 2300 000 ft l Inner Diam 8 000 inch Internal Diameter Nom 6 Get Start Elevation 100 000 ft 6 0001 inch ee PRADA End Elevation 100 000 ft N3 350 0 e wae N4 100 0t Start Pressure 21 6764 psi g Roughness 47 9955 psi g 21 6764 psi e 21 4217 psi g End Pressure 21 1867 psi g 0 001811 inch Materia 1 0000 ft sec 0 5000 ft sec Total dP Loss 1 13 ft hd Elevation Rise 0 000 ft SE Friction Loss 1 13 ft hd Sch 40 s Fitting Loss none i Notes 4 II p Results Mode Grid X 53 Y 35_ Node 2 N2 Join Point 26 6488 psi g at 400 000ft elevation HGL is 461 59ft hd Fluid Water 62 303lb F O OOO OO O
52. pipe by using a Pressure Reducing Valve PRV or set the pressure at the start of the pipe by using a Back Pressure Valve BPV A number is displayed next to the Control Valve image to indicate if the Control Valve is active Add a pump to the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Enter the flow rate and head characteristics for various points on the pump performance curve A number is displayed next to the Pump image to indicate if the Pump is active Include Exclude status for various items added to the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane i e Fittings amp Valves Components Control Valves Pumps Display the Pipe Diameter Size Database A Double Click on a pipe will also display the Pipe Diameter Size Database Display the Pipe Material Database Opens the pipe sub menu which provides further options to Re Open Close Pipe Reverse Pipe Direction Prevent Backflow On Off Move Unlink end of Pipe Use Pipe Values for as default for the next pipe to be drawn Change Fluid Zone for pipe Close sub menu A Right Click on a pipe will also display the pipe sub menu Pipe Material Data Pipe diameter data Stainless Steel ANSI Schedule Class Calculations and Results 37 Pipe Id 10 Internal Roughness inch Sch 405 0 001811 Internal Diam Wal Thick Outside Diam Weight inch inch inch lbs ft Colla CE CES CE FEE Surface Area fe 100 ft 1734421 Internal Vol fe
53. pipe system 1 Click the Set Default Pipe for drawing button EI on the tool bar to open the Default Values tab of the Configuration Options dialog e Configuration Options Labelling Pipe Data Mode Das Results Colors Calculations Default Pipe Data Default Pipe Copy Default Pipe Data to Selected Items 3 pipes selected Internal Diameter 1 P1 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 6 096 m 112 166 mm mt Copy Internal Diam Only 2 P2 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m A 3 P3 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m z Diam 33 Copy All Diameter Data d 4 P4 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m e 5 PS 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 6 P6 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m Roughness 7 P7 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 8 0 005000 mm Copy Roughness Only P8 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048m 9 P9 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 274 320 m Copy All Material Data 10 P10 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 335 280 11 P11 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 9 144 m 12 P12 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 13 P13 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m 14 P14 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 150 000 m es Copy Length Only Y 15 P15 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m Sy 16 P16 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m Ga None Ga Copy Fittings Only 18 P18 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m 19 P19 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 109 728 1 EJ None 4 Copy Components Only 7 PST PEC Ea 21 P21 103 429 mm 0 005004 mm 9 144 m 22
54. resistance to flow becomes almost totally dependent on the viscosity of the fluid This condition is known as Laminar flow Fluids which have a low viscosity are usually moved at higher velocities The flow characteristics change small eddy currents occur within the flow stream and the friction between the pipe work and the fluid becomes a factor to be considered This type of flow is known as Turbulent flow Fluid Viscosity A fluid viscosity can be described by its Dynamic viscosity sometimes called Absolute viscosity or its Kinematic viscosity These two expressions of viscosity are not the same but are linked via the fluid density Kinematic viscosity Dynamic viscosity fluid density Dynamic Viscosity Water 20 C has a viscosity of 1 00 x 10 Pa s or 1 00 Centipoise Water 70 F has a viscosity of 2 04 x 10 Ib s ft Kinematic Viscosity Water 20 C has a viscosity of 1 004 x 10 Y m s or 1 004000 Centistokes Water 70 has a viscosity of 10 5900 x 10 ft s Pipe Flow Expert has a database of viscosities and densities for common fluids Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 167 Reynolds Numbers Reynolds numbers Re describe the relationship between a fluid s velocity the Internal pipe diameter and the fluid s Kinematic viscosity Reynolds number Fluid velocity x Internal pipe diameter Kinematic viscosity Note Kinematic viscosity not Dynamic viscosity must be used to calculate Rey
55. select a node or pipe for deletion by using the Selection tool button El on the tool bar E P 4 Click the Delete button x on the tool bar or select Edit Delete 5 If you are deleting a node the message Are you sure you wish to delete the current highlighted node and all pipes that connect to the highlighted node is displayed after clicking the Delete button or selecting Edit Delete Calculations and Results 149 6 If you are deleting a pipe the message Are you sure you wish to delete the current highlighted pipe is displayed after clicking the Delete button or selecting Edit Delete 7 Click Yes 8 The selected node or pipe is deleted When you delete a node all pipes and components connected to the node are deleted When you delete a pipe all components on the pipe are deleted with the pipe Deleting a Group of Components To delete a group of components from a pipe system 1 Click the Selection tool button E on the tool bar 2 When you click the Selection tool button the selection icon is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 3 Draw a box around the group of components that you want to delete in the Drawing pane 4 To draw a box click where you want to start the box in the Drawing pane and hold down the left mouse button then drag the mouse until you have drawn the box 5 Release the left mouse button E 3 6 Click the Delete button x on the tool ba
56. standardized manner Cv Flow Coefficients A Cv flow coefficient specifies the amount of water at 60 F 15 55 C in US gpm that will flow through a valve and produce a 1 0 psi pressure drop Thus a Cv flow coefficient of 10 indicates that a 1 0 psi pressure drop will occur with a 10 US gpm of water throughput through the valve The Cv flow coefficient of a control valve can be calculated from the flow rate and the pressure drop through the valve For liquids other than water the ratio of the fluid density to the density of water must also be used in the calculation Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 173 Where Cv flow coefficient Q flow rate in US gpm AP pressure loss in psi across the valve SG the ratio of the fluid density to the density of water With a known Cv flow coefficient the above formula can be re arranged to calculate the pressure loss for a particular flow rate thus _SG xQ AP EF Where Cv flow coefficient Q flow rate in US gpm AP pressure loss in psi across the valve SG the ratio of the fluid density to the density of water The pressure loss through a fitting or valve may also be calculated from _Kxv VS 29g Where h fluid head of fluid in ft K flow coefficient of a valve or fitting V fluid velocity entering the fitting in ft s g acceleration due to gravity in ft sec also D D x D b 144 Where P pressure in psi h fluid head of fluid i
57. that you do not get a CD with the software on If we provided the software on CD it would be the exact same program that you can download from our web site in fact the web site will always carry the very latest version of the software Having a CD would not allow you to install and enable the software on multiple computers since each installation would still generate a unique product number and would require a matching license code When you purchase a program from our web site you will automatically be emailed with a unique purchase token and an invoice receipt that confirms your purchase This is all you need for proof of purchase and we will always be able to confirm your purchase in our database We have sold software via download for over 10 years We are not one of those companies who you will not be able to contact or get a response from As our existing customers know our service and assistance with any issues you may have is worth far more than just having the software on CD Summary e Pipe Flow Expert can be downloaded and installed for a free trial e A license code can be purchased from our web site that will fully enable the software e A user can be up and running with a licensed version of the software within a few minutes e 90 days of annual support and maintenance is provided with your purchase of Pipe Flow Expert e Ongoing annual support and maintenance can be purchased from our web site this provides email support and
58. to the Drawing 136 Automatic Checks and Updates 153 back pressure valves 181 adding 112 understanding 112 balanced flow state 172 BPV adding 109 Calculating and Solving calculating 154 calculating pipe system results 152 calculation theory 168 Change attributes of more than one node 77 Change attributes of more than one pipe 75 Change the system view 64 Changing the fluid Density and Viscosity 81 choosing item labeling 69 choosing pipe drawing defaults 71 choosing system units 70 Choosing units 68 Colebrook White Formula 169 Component Pressure Loss 43 component pressure losses deleting 150 more than one on a pipe 103 components adding 103 adding 103 pressure loss 103 understanding 103 Compressed fluid condition Actual flow rate 187 fluid density 186 compressible fluids 185 considerations 185 computer minimum requirements 12 Configuration Options Labelling Tab 49 Units Tab 51 Configuration Options Calculations Tab 57 Configuration Options Pipe Default Values Tab 53 Configuration Options Screen 49 configuring calculation parameters 79 results 152 158 Control Valve Data 44 control valves deleting 151 Copying between drawing 146 Create a PDF Report 165 creating pipe systems 62 Cv flow coefficient 174 Cv Flow Coefficient 43 Cv Flow Coefficients 106 Cv Value 174 Cv Values 106 Darcy Weisbach Formula 170 Daxesoft Ltd contacting 15 Defining Fluid
59. v Generic_3x1 1 2 10_A50_1475 pPump 1360 9 9000 120 0000 49 82 61 92 Generic_3x1 1 2 10_A50_2950 fPump 1510 8 8250 120 0000 50 44 60 99 Generic_3x1 1 2 13_A20_1475 pPump 1410 9 5000 120 0000 49 62 57 66 D to 3600 rpm lookfor BestEfficiency Generic_3x1 1 2 13 A20_2950 pPump 1500 9 0000 120 0000 57 53 Generic_3x1 1 2 8_AB_2950 pfp Pump 1720 7 5500 120 0000 49 67 64 55 4 D j i GenericPumps_EndSuction_50Hz Speed 2250 rpm Impeller Diam 5 825 inch i Select this P MC land Ch Ab Generic_1 1 2x1 6_AA_1475 pfpm 1 70 6 063 inch 3 Generic_1 1 2x1 6_AA_2950 pfpm Generic_1 1 2x1 8_AA_1475 pfpm Search GenericPumps EndSuction_50Hz v Head 50 0 ftFluid allow up to 1 Miss Generic_1 1 2x1 8_AA_2950 pfpm 10x8 13_A100_1475 pfpm 10x8 13_A100_975 pfpm Generic_10x8 15G_A120_1475 pfpm Generic Generic Generic_2x1 10_A05_1475 pfpm 3x1 1 2 10_A50_1475 pfpm Generic_3x1 1 2 10_A50_2950 pfpm Generic_3x1 1 2 13_A20_1475 pfpm Generic_3x1 1 2 13_A20_2950 pfpm Generic_3x1 1 2 13_A20_975 pfpm Generic_3x1 1 2 6_AB_1475 pfpm 3x1 1 2 6_AB_2950 pfpm 3x1 1 2 8_AB_1475 pfpm 3x1 1 2 8_AB_2950 pfpm 3x2 10_A60_1475 pfpm Generic_3x2 10_A60_2950 pfpm ic_3x2 10_A60_975 pfpm 80 100 120 160 180 200 Ab Generic_3x2 13_A30_1475 pfpm Flow US gpm 3 Generic 3x2 13 A30_2950 pfpm oe ee e E Motor rpm 3000 Catalog General Size 3x1 1 2 6 AB Min Speed rpm 1500 Manufacturer Generic Stages 0 Max Speed rpm 2950 Generic Head ft hd
60. value when operating within 20 80 of the valve s range 108 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide When selecting a valve to control a top end pressure loss you should select a valve where the required Cv or Kv value is in the higher operating range of the valve normally where the required Cv or Kv value matches the given valve Cv or Kv value when operating at about 70 of the valve s range Some control valve manufactures recommend that an allowance of 30 should be added to the required Cv or Kv flow coefficient to obtain the minimum Cv or Kv flow coefficient rating that the selected valve should have Please check your control valve selection with the control valve manufacturer Calculations and Results 109 Control Valves FCV PRV BPV Control valves may be used to control flow or pressure at various points in a system e A flow control valve FCV determines the required flow rate for the fluid in a pipe e A pressure reducing valve PRV controls the pressure at the end of a pipe e A back pressure valve BPV controls the pressure at the start of a pipe The modeling of Flow Control Valves Pressure Reducing Valves and Back Pressure Valves requires that the flow rates and pressures from adjacent pipes must be used as a reference to establish the pressure loss that control valve must introduce To allow this modeling a control valve cannot be added to any pipe where a joining pipe already includes a control valve
61. 0 3 000 Figure 72 The Edit Grid in filter mode The Edit Grid Filter 142 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 1 The Edit Grid can be Filtered to only show rows that match certain specified criteria For example the data shown on the Pipe Tab can be filtered by Pipe ID Pipe Name Nominal Size Material Sch Diameter Roughness or length 2 The filtered data values can be updated on an individual basis or they can be amended as a group in a single operation by selecting an item to update from the drop down list entering a value to Set and clicking on the Update Rows button Individual Item Viewing and Modifying Using the Show Item Info button MN on the tool bar you can view and or modify the specific details about any component in a pipe system Depending on the type of component you select clicking a component in the Drawing either displays the component s information in the Node or Pipe pane or opens up the dialog specific to the selected component To view and modify an individual item 1 Click the Show Item Info button on the tool bar 2 When you click the Show Item Info button SHOW is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 3 Click a component in the Drawing pane that you want to view and or edit 4 When you select a tank join point or demand pressure its details are displayed and can be edited in the Node pane 5 When you select a deman
62. 000 inch CS Copy Internal Diarn On 2 P2 10 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1050 000 Cen 3 P3 4 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1450 000 fi a Dian 37 Copy All Diameter Data 4 P4 8 000 inch 0 010200 inch 2600 000 8 _ Geen 5 P5 8 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1250 000 fl Y 6 PS 2 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1450 000 fi Roughness F 7 P7 4 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1250 000 fi F 0 010200 inch E ATT 8 P8 6 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1770 000 fi y 9 P9 6 000 inch 0 010200 inch 2100 000 fi 3 Material Copy Al Material Data 10 P10 10 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1250 01 11 P11 12 000 inch 0 010200 inch 2200 00 12 P12 10 000 inch 0 010200 inch 2070 0 7 13 P13 14 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1050 01 Length F 14 P14 10 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1600 01 1000 000 ft ES Copy Length Only F 15 P15 10 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1770 01 GEES CER 16 P16 8 000 inch 0 010200 inch 750 000 eq None Ga Copy Fittings Orly 17 P17 10 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1200 01 SSS 18 P18 10 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1200 01 beat None 3 Copy Components Only Fil 19 P19 12 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1900 01 20 P20 12 000 inch 0 070200 inch 1900 01 gt il 21 P21 4 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1450 00 Copy Color and Style P FF l F 123 e 7 3 Ba Copy llPipeData 5 Open Pe La Gees Pipes Cast Iron Pipe Color Figure 73 Pipe data Group Updates 144 Pipe Flow Expert User
63. 1 Add Free Text Label Dialog 5 Enter or amend the text choose the color size style and angle for the text 6 Click OK to place the text on the drawing at the position that was clicked 7 To align the text to the nearest grid intersection check the Left Align to Grid Top Align to Grid check boxes before clicking the OK button 8 Click Delete to remove the text from the drawing Calculations and Results 137 9 To move the individual text to a new position use the Drag and Move menu button to highlight all items on the drawing Select a highlighted item of text and while holding down the left mouse button drag the text to its new position on the drawing 10 The text may also be moved as part of a selected group Use the selection tool to enclose the items to be moved and include the top left area of any text to be moved 138 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Viewing Modifying and Deleting Items Pipe Flow Expert comes with a number of tools for viewing and modifying a pipe system from the drawing pane The units and labelling options selected in the Configuration Options dialog determine which values are displayed on the pipe system in the Drawing pane Additional details can be viewed for components by clicking the Show Item Info button bi on the tool bar and selecting a specific component in the Drawing pane The following sub sections describe zooming viewing panning modifying and moving items Zooming in or Out in the
64. 159 615 9 900 187 55 146 795 12 500 207 60 127 564 16 200 Head 8 bd Fluid Vater 68 F Efficiency Preferred Operating Region From Oz To 0 of Flow at Best Efficiency l E Clear Pump Curve Graph Options x e La 0 25 100 125 150 xD Cancel and Close E Save Pump to Pipe Fade Imported Image Flow US gpm Figure 66 Simple Pump Graph from imported points When a system is solved the pump s operating point will be calculated and the Flow Rate Head Efficiency and NPSHr values will be displayed together with shaft power A system curve can also be plotted through the operating point Further options are available for the modelling of predicted pump performance when changes in pump operating speed and variations to pump impeller diameters are applied The following sections describe the use of these further options Calculations and Results 125 Variable Speed and Change to Impeller Size The pump model may be enhanced to predict the pump performance for a range different operating speeds amp different impeller diameters Min Speed May Speed 720 tom 960 rpm To define the limits for the pump performance enter the minimum amp maximum operating speed data and the minimum amp Min Impeller Max Impeller maximum size of the impeller diameter 00 000 mm 250 000 mm Ex Draw Graph Click the Draw Graph button to re draw and show the new operating range The pump graph will be re drawn by using stan
65. 18 NIS S nn 77 4 77 2379 psi g 0003 Sid Pump station at 80 ft elevat dde Start Elevation 80 000 ft 7 End Elevation 127 000 ft Start Pressure 77 1552 psi g End Pressure 53 8038 psi g N17 80 0ft 3 9930 psi g a i Pipe Flow Expert v6 36 General_07_Pressurised_Pumping_Stations pfe E Zen Reservoir D 230 0ft 0 0 psi g 10 0ft 4 3353 psi g Main reservoir at 230 ft elevation N19 140 0ft 44 1771 psi g N23 110 0ft N22 110 0ft 58 3326 E f 120 28 5152 psi g eg y BE Del bed P22 fe 120 38 P28 f 120 38 P21 f 120 38 N21 110 0ft 8 5220 psi g Reservoir C 110 0ft 0 0 psi g 20 0ft 8 6706 psi g N24 110 0ft 58 3258 psi g D D Std P26 f 0 00 N26 110 0ft 8 5220 psi g N25 110 0ft 8 5220 psi g Pump station No 3 at 110 ft elevation ed over intervening hills from 3 small reservoirs to a main reservoir at a different elevation At each pumping station two pumps Total dP Loss 53 86 ft hd normally in service Elevation Rise 47 000 ft During a period of low demand one pump at station no 2 and one pu Friction Loss 6 86 ft hd Click the Calculate button to find the flow rate which will be pumped c Fitting Loss none View the results table to see all information or use the mouse to hoveruvera he sytem while maintenance work is carried out lod the flow rates will be displayed on the drawing t to display individual details in a pop up pane 4 Grid X 49 Y
66. 2400 2700 3000 Save Cancel Flow Vmin Figure 65 Pump Graph with NPSHr and Power 10 11 12 13 14 Calculations and Results 121 The calculated pump head NPShHr efficiency percentage and power for the entered flow rate are displayed and the point is mapped on the Pump Curve graph The design point is represented by a red marker on the graph To view the flow rate NPSHr efficiency percentage and power for a specific head type the pump head in the Head field above the graph drawing Click the Calculate button The calculated flow rate NPSHr efficiency percentage and power for the entered pump head are displayed and the point is mapped on the Pump Curve graph The design point is represented by a red marker on the graph A logo may be added to the pump graph Click the Add Logo button on the pump graph area to load a logo image Click the Expand button to view a larger graph Pa Any relevant notes may be added to the Notes field The Pump Data screen menu provides options to Save the pump data to a Standalone pump file Add the pump to the pump database Open the graph options to allow selection of the items to be included on the graph Copy the graph image Create a PDF pump sheet with a high resolution performance graph Further functionality allows the import of a scanned image of a manufacturer s pump curve plus modelling of performance predictions for changes in pump operating s
67. 28 m 22 N22 Joint Elevation 33 528 m 23 N23 Joint Elevation 33 528 m 24 N24 Joint Elevation 33 528 m SE MOR lait FElaushan 22690 re 4 we Figure 42 Configuration Options Node Updates Tab 1 Optional First select a group of nodes to update using the Selection Toon MN or the Individual Item Selection Option 2 Click the Adjust Attributes of Selected Nodes button El on the tool bar to open the Node Updates tab of the Configuration Options screen 3 Individual nodes can be added or removed from the selected list by checking or un checking the box adjacent to the node description 4 Click Copy Node Elevation to copy the node elevation to the selected nodes 5 Click Copy Node Image to copy the node image to the selected nodes 6 Click Copy Image and Elevation to copy the node image and the node elevation to the selected nodes 7 Click Copy Demand Flow In to copy the flow in values to the selected nodes 8 Click Copy Demand Flow Out to copy the flow out values to the selected nodes 78 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Results Colors The results screen can display pipes and nodes from the solved network using a color gradient to highlight the pipes or nodes based on the result value for a chosen calculation category me Configuration Options pe e Labelling Units Fipe Data Node Data Results Colors Calculations Results Colors Use Design Colors o Use Color Gradie
68. 4 Standard Bend 0 5100 3 oc 100mm A Pipe Bend 0 2000 Je ls Ki Cancel Fittings Pipe Size 100mm 4 v 4 Add Selected Item On To Pipe Als Symbol Type f Metric Imperial f Description Bt K f a Double dick on a fitting item 100 mm i Standard Bend 0 5100 S e EE Long Bend Pe Elbow 45 deg Calculate K value Return Bend La entrance rounded Mitre Bend 45 deg gt gradual enlargement Mitre Bend 90 deg Gate Valve Globe Valve E sudden enlargement Globe Valve Angled a sudden contraction Plug Valve Straightway S gt long pipe bend 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm LiftCh 100 mm AngleCh 100 mm SwCh 100 mm B gradual contraction Butterfly Valve Ball Valve Full Bore Ball Valve Reduced Bore A Create new fitting Lift Check Valve 10 2000 Lift Check Valve Angled 0 9400 Swing Check Valve 2 0000 X Remove entry EENEG D M ly A co Ke 3 KS D Ka Ka ES CS Figure 40 Pipe fitting friction coefficients Select the fitting you want to add to the pipe from the Fitting Database list Use the Move to fitting size fields to locate a specific metric or imperial fitting size in the Fitting Database list If the fitting is not in the Fitting Database list click the Create new fitting button to add the new fitting to the list For
69. 4 384 m Elevation 24 384 m Elevation 24 384 m Elevation 42 672 m Elevation 33 528 m Elevation 33 58 m Elevation 33 528 m Elevation 33 528 m Flewstian 17 R70 re Feature Copy Node Elevation Copy Node Image Copy Image and Elevation Copy Demand Flow In Copy Demand Flow Out OK Description Copy the elevation to the nodes selected in the listing Copy the node image to the nodes selected in the listing Copy the node image and the elevation to the nodes selected in the listing Figure 28 Configuration Options Node Updates Tab 55 Copy the additional flow in values entering the system at the node points selected in the listing Copy the additional flow out values leaving the system at the node points selected in the listing Close the configuration options node updates tab 56 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Results Colors Tab Configuration Options Fipe Data Node Data Results Colors Calculations Results Colors Use Design Colors Use Color Gradient Color Gradient Determine the Results Color based or ipe Flow Rate Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Mass Flow Rate Velocity dP total pressure loss dP per 100 Friction Loss Friction Loss per 100 Total E Fittings Lass Reywnold s Number Internal Diameter Length Node Pressure Mode HGL Mode Elevation Color Gradient Used to hi
70. 5 SE M 28 A number of iso efficiency shapes are pre defined in the tandar mity Laws r wn ions Stee dropdown options O Sh 2 Ch 0 Shape 7 These choices provide an easy method of selecting an initial U Shape 1 starting position for the iso efficiency map U Shape 2 U Shape 3 Once a further adjustment has been made to the data the iso y o efficiency shape selection type will become user defined match Y Shape 3 The slide adjustments allow the curvature of groups of iso efficiency lines to be moved as a block to the left or right The BEP best efficiency point on the base data performance curve is used to divide the performance graph into different areas These adjustments should be used to match the efficiency points on the maximum and minimum impeller performance curves Final adjustment of individual efficiency points on the maximum and minimum performance curves can be made if necessary by selecting the Update Individual Efficiency Points option Adjust Predicted Efficiencies User Defined Match Y Efficiency 2 4 5 gt onma dr a pore ae la rc pei AE eee ia To adjust an individual efficiency point to further adjust the efficiency of that individual point b J b AS Min Flow Line 277 engen Click ON a Green point on the performance Max Diam Red Points Individually Adjusted 5 Clear gue Adjust Values A o Min Diam Red Points Individually Adjusted 2 Clear 20 ofmindiam Curves and u
71. Close Flow US gpm E Save Pump to Pipe Figure 64 Pump Data screen 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Calculations and Results 119 Type Define the Preferred Operating Region around the pump s best efficiency point by specifying the preferred flow rate range between a From percentage and a To percentage of the flow at the best efficiency point Once the operating points have been entered click the Draw Graph button to produce an operating curve for the pump Click the Save Pump to Pipe to add the pump data to the Pipe Flow Expert system The system can now be solved and the balanced operating point of the centrifugal pump will be determined The pump will produce a flow rate and pump head to match the frictional resistance throughout the system The duty point will be identified on the performance curve for the operating speed of the pump More complex pump graphs can be produced which include speed amp diameter adjustments together with iso lines that display an efficiency map for the pump The pump data that has been entered can be saved to a Standalone Pump File with a pfpm extension by clicking the Save button on the toolbar on the pump ccreen or by selecting the Save Standalone Pump File from the pump screen file menu options By saving the data to a Standalone Pump File with a pfpm extension you can reuse the pump data for other pumps in the pipe system or future pipe syste
72. Component Pipe Color Copy Internal Diameter Only Copy All Diameter Data Copy Roughness Only Copy All Material Data Copy Length Only Copy Fittings Only Copy Components Only Copy Color and Style Copy All Pipe Data Open Pipes Close Pipes OK Set the default internal roughness for the next pipe to be added to the drawing Display the Pipe Material Database Set the default pipe length for the next pipe to be added to the drawing Select the default fittings for the next pipe to be added to the drawing Set the default data for a component to be added to the drawing Select the pipe color and line width for the default pipe Copy the internal diameter data to the pipes selected in the listing Copy the internal and outer diameter data to pipes selected in the listing Copy the internal roughness to the pipes selected in the listing Copy the pipe material schedule class and internal roughness to the pipes selected in the listing Copy the default pipe length to the pipes selected in the listing Copy the default pipe fittings to the pipes selected in the listing Copt the default component to the pipes selected in the listing Copy the line color and line width to the pipes selected in the listing Copy the default pipe values including fittings and valves component and pumps to the pipes selected in the listing Open the pipes selected in the listing Pipes which are currently closed will be shown at the end of the listin
73. Drawing Pane The zoom function in Pipe Flow Expert provides the ability to view a pipe system up close or to see more of the pipe system at a reduced size The zoom function can also be used as part of the printing process When you print a pipe system in Pipe Flow Expert only the visible part of image what is currently displayed in the Drawing pane is printed The zoom function helps you define how much of a system is printed If your mouse has a scroll button you can also use the scroll button to zoom in and out in the Drawing pane Scroll down to zoom out and scroll up to zoom in To zoom in or out in the Drawing pane 1 Click the Zoom Out button on the tool bar to view the system farther out in the Drawing pane 2 Click the Zoom In button on the tool bar to magnify the system in the Drawing pane 3 To view a large pipe system in its entirety you can click the ol Zoom Drawing to Fit Screen button to see the whole system in the Drawing pane 4 Click a zoom percentage from the 100 Zoom list on the tool bar to zoom in or out in the Drawing pane Zooming in to a Selected Area The selected area zoom function provides the ability to quickly and automatically zoom in to a selected area of the pipe system To Zoom In to a Selected Area 1 Click the Selection tool button E on the tool bar 2 When you click the Selection tool button the selection icon is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is
74. EE 168 Calculate Totali Pressure Ee E 169 Eneray and Be ele e Grade Nes AA A 169 Balanced e EE 170 WOODS NOTES ANG PAI o 170 SONG Te un alen 171 SST Merl e ie Rene 172 EELER Eeer geesde 172 Cand Kv le ett E 172 o Rn ee ee ee ee gees oe 177 Pressure Reducing Va Ves ca A i ea iene cae 178 BACK SE 179 Pumps with Flow versus Head Curve ooocccconccnccoccncnononononcnononcnconcnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnrnnnrnrnnarannncnnnnas 180 Fixed ROW Rate PUMP Siurana irte 180 Fed head Pressure RISE Et e aloe A 181 Net Positive Suction Head available a a 181 Trend eege ee EEE REESEN iiO 181 aaa 181 Working with Compressible GIL EE 182 Considerations When Using Compressible FluidS cooocccoocnccccnccccnconcnccncncnnnnnnncncnncononcnnnncnos 182 Ile e EE 185 8 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Table of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35 Pipe Flow Expert License Registration cccccccsecceeeceeeneeeeeeceeeeeeneeeeueceeeseeeeeeseeeneeeaueseeeneneas 13 IDS TIOW EXDEN alten le 16 le eebe eege 16 A o O E Oc o 17 A e e eee erect eee ere eee 19 AS M OT EE 20 ON e IR 20 Drawing MSN 22
75. Ei on the toolbar or select Edit Copy 8 Click the Paste button e on the tool bar or select Edit Paste to paste the cut or copied nodes and pipes to the Drawing pane 9 When you paste nodes and pipes to the Drawing pane these items will be pasted slightly offset from the position of the original copy operation The group of new objects will be contained in a selection rectangle 10 Click in the box and hold down the left mouse button then drag the objects to their new location in the Drawing pane 11 Release the left mouse button to allow the objects to locate on the drawing grid 12 Click the right mouse button to complete the paste operation Copying Between Drawings The Selection tool button El allows a group of nodes and pipes to be copied as described in the previous section It is possible to use the group copy and the paste feature to transfer a group of nodes and pipes from one drawing to another drawing Nodes and pipes on the current drawing are selected and copied A new grid is chosen or different drawing is opened The Paste button B can be used to place the copied nodes and pipes on to the new drawing Opening Additional Systems Tabbed Design Sheets let you work on multiple systems simultaneously Each tab operates independently enabling instant switching between different systems in both design mode and results mode for easy comparison of models and calculation results Ed CALCULATE Result S
76. Expert program will allow you to draw a complex pipeline system and analyze the features of the system when flow is occurring Pipe Flow Expert calculates the balanced steady flow and pressure conditions of the system The reported results include the flow rates for each pipe the fluid velocities for each pipe Reynolds numbers friction factors friction pressure loss for each pipe fittings pressures losses pressure at join points nodes HGL Hydraulic grade line pump operating points and more The pipeline system is modeled by drawing the join points and the connecting pipes on a drawing pane Horizontal vertical or sloping lines can be used to connect one node to another node The physical data about the system is then entered and typically this includes e The internal size internal roughness and length of each connecting pipe e The elevation of each node join point e The In flow and the Out flow at each node if applicable e The elevation liquid level and surface pressure data for each tank e The performance data for each pump Fluid Flow States Fluids in motion are subjected to various resistance forces which are due to friction Friction may occur between the fluid and the pipe work but friction also occurs within the fluid as sliding between adjacent layers of fluid takes place The friction within the fluid is due to the fluid s viscosity When fluids have a high viscosity the speed of flow tends to be low and
77. FIQuie 52 Hxed Flow hate PUMP D 116 Figure 63 Fixed Head Pressure Humpe 117 FIGUKC 64 gt FUND Dala en NEE 118 Figure 65 Pump Graph with NPSHr and ower 120 Figure 66 Simple Pump Graph from imported points ooccccnccccncnconcnconcnnoncnconcncnncconacnnnannnnnnnnnancnnanonnnos 124 Figure 67 Pump Initial Affinity Predictions oocccocccconconnccncnnncnonononcnonononanonaronnrnnnnnonanonaronnrnnnnncnconos 126 Figure 68 AQusted PUMP MOG Cl EE 128 Figure 69 Set Flow Demands dialog cccoccccoccccocnncccnnncnnncncncnnnnonncnnonnnonnnnonnnnonnnnnonnnnnnrnnnanennnnnonans 133 Figure 70 Node pane Tor end age 134 Figure 71 Add Free Text Label Dyalog 136 Figure 72 The Edit Grid in filter mode 141 Foure 73 lee RE elle Re e EE 143 Wlelflg fe Resu LOG UA AS Ge Geni ehraaal agdaaddaedaeatanabes 155 10 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Figure 75 Pipe Flow Expert interface in Results mode 156 UA A A e AAA 156 Figure 77 PDF Report Options Dialog ricino icicaa a 157 FOUE 7 POP RO O Se 158 Figure 79 Configuration Options dialog Labelling ob 159 Figure 80 Configuration Options Screen Units tab 160 Figure 81 Results Tables All Results e EE 161 Figure 82 Save Results as Excel File dalog EE E E E A 162 Figure 83 pipe system results in Microsoft EXCEl cooccoocccconcconccnononcnnnanononononocanocnnnonaronanonanocanonns 163 Figure 84 Create PDF Report Options ooccccoccncccccnconococonocononncononannononononn
78. Fluid Vater 68 F Generic Generic Generic Generic iy oi i a din din oi in din din oi din din ot PIS ENANA ENTES ESTE ESTE ES ES ESAS RG H H e sie sie sis sis sie se sie sie sis sis sis sis sis sis e 2 ee ee BPR PRP RP sie sie sie si oO m Delete Add to Filtered List The user can work through the pump search results by clicking on a row in the Filtered Results Grid or by using the up and down cursor keys to scroll through rows in the grid As a row on information about a pump is highlighted the corresponding pump performance graph is shown Ob select this Pump Click the Select this Pump button to transfer the chosen pump details to the pump data screen 130 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Browse Pump Database The Pump Database can also be switched in to Browse mode which allows a user to select a Pump Library from a dropdown list of folders This is automatically populated with a list of available pump folders from within the Pipe Flow Expert installation Browse GenericPumps EndSuction_50Hz we m bour e z eneric_1 1 2x1 6 AA 2950 pfpm mFlhuid e PA Generic_1 1 2c1 8_AA_1475 pfpm PA Generic_1 1 2c1 3_AA_2950 pfpm gt Generic_10x8 13 A100_1475 pfpm DE Generic_10x8 13 4100 975 pfpm 1m Once a folder is selected the pumps within the chosen pump library folder are displayed in the Browse List where the user can click on a pump to show its corresponding pum
79. Guide os When the Adjust Attributes of Selected Nodes button is clicked a similar screen to the one above is shown except on the left hand side it shows Default Node values and on the right a list of selected nodes is displayed Data values can be copied from the default node to the selected nodes using the copy buttons in the middle of the screen The individual Selection tool button 4 allows the user to select an adhoc group of pipes and nodes on a one by one basis This is often useful when the group of items to updated are positioned within different parts of the drawing such that they cannot be selected inside a standard rectangle without including other items that are not wanted Again the characteristics for these individually selected groups of items can be updated in one operation by using the Adjust Attributes of Selected Pipes and Adjust Attributes of Selected Nodes buttons Moving Components in a System In Pipe Flow Expert you can move sections of a pipe system by dragging a node or a group of components to another place in the drawing and you can move individual components on a pipe to a different location along the same pipe You can also cut copy and paste pipes and nodes to move pipes and nodes in the system Using the Drag and Move Items button on the tool bar you can move a node and all the components connected to the node or you can move individual components on a pipe in the Dra
80. H20 20 0 0 0000 997 998 1 0020 2 399 Gas Cancel Fluid Properties Database A Transfer Selected Fluid Data ally Name 51 Formula Temperature Pressure Density Viscosity Vapour Press State Metric Imperial E bar g kg m Centipoise kPa abs Propane C3H8 30 0 10 000 484 470 0 0922 1180 000 Liquid Al Fluids Propylene C3H6 0 0 5 000 546 170 0 1213 640 000 Liquid 9 Liquids Propylene C3 HE 0 0 10 000 547 250 0 1222 640 000 Liquid Cara Propylene C3 HE 10 0 10 000 531 760 0 1110 880 000 Liquid Propylene C3H6 20 0 10 000 515 050 0 1008 1200 000 Liquid sec Butyl alcohol 2 butano C4 H10 0 20 0 0 000 800 261 3 8692 1 606 Liquid Sunflower oil N A 20 0 0 000 920 000 64 0730 N A Liquid tert Ampl Alcohol C5H120 20 0 0 000 810 173 4 8050 1 700 Liquid Toluene Methylbenzene C7 H8 20 0 0 000 867 000 0 5850 2 914 Liquid Turpentine N A 20 0 0 000 870 000 1 4900 0 250 Liquid Water H20 0 000 1000 000 1 7920 0 611 Liquid Water H20 0 000 1000 000 1 5180 0 873 Liquid Water H20 0 000 1000 000 1 3060 1 228 Liquid 999 000 s Liquid 397 000 0 Liquid El Add new fluid data 996 000 0 Liquid 994 000 Liquid X Remove entry Figure 46 Fluid Database To define the fluid and fluid properties for the currently selected fluid zone 1 Click the Fluid button L Fluid on the tool bar and select Change Fluid from the pop up menu to open the Fluid data dialog 2 Select the fluid cont
81. HE EE 147 Moving a Pipe to link at a NEW POSITION oocoooccocnconcccncocncononanonnonnnnnconnnonnnnnrnnnnonnnnnrnrnnenanenrnnnnnanos 147 Usmo ne UNdO a a Rodo FUNCION Sii AA A Cc 148 Deleting Components in a System ccccccseeccceeeeecceeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseueeeseueeesaeeeesseeeseueeessaeeessueesaeneesanees 148 Delega NOJO OF Placa aaa dana dais eolica 148 Deleting a Group Of CON PONES id 149 Deleting AMA A A an a AE EEEE 149 A AN EE EE EE AEEA 150 Deleting a Component Pressure Loss trennen 150 BSP moose ole oie uateceean 151 VEENI E FUND AI on 151 Galculatons and Result aos 152 Automatic Checks and Updates rrena 153 calculating and SOIVING aS StS IM EE 154 Configuring the System E 158 VIEWING Kon CEET 160 Saving the System E 161 EX POMING rn ME 162 Redesigning Me Sy SM A tose Roi a 163 AM ENANOS MA A AS 163 Calculations and Results 7 Create a PDF Report of the System Results ooncccconccccooncncccococonococonannononononononononenononcncnnnrnnnnnnos 164 Calculation Theory and Method of Solution nennnnensnennenennesnrenrrrrsrresnrrsrrresnrrnrrresrrrnrrresrrrnnrresnreeneen 166 FUI FI WES EE 166 gie WEE 166 Are Se O Lal e E cea o areca cea seem saxenaneancacecusnzsisalasiotanledlaxatiuaiatlon staueaauniaten 167 FACUONACOS eE 167 Colebroor VV ITS FONG sostenida idad ia 167 Friction LOSSES resistance to MN id 167 Patey Weisbach Formul ET 168 FNO Head EE 168 K Factor fitting head loss calculation B
82. Inch inch lbs ft 2100 Ft fer 100 ft 2 4 026 0 237 4 500 10 802 8 8405 117 9097 K Cancel 4 Transfer Selected Size Steel ANSI Sch 40 IR 0 001811 inch Nominal Size Internal Diam Wall Thick Outside Diam Weight Internal ol Surface Area a Metric 8 Imperial inch 0 269 0 364 0 493 0 622 0 824 1 049 1 380 1 610 2 067 2 469 3 068 Feature Material Schedule Class Internal Roughness Nominal Size Internal Diam Wall Thick Outside Diam Weight Internal Vol Surface Area inch 0 068 0 088 0 091 0 109 0 113 0 133 0 140 0 145 0 154 0 203 0 216 inch lbs tt f 100 ft rE 100 ft 0 405 0 245 0 0395 10 6029 E Change Material 0 540 0 425 0 0723 141372 0 675 0 568 0 1326 17 6715 0 840 0 552 0 2110 21 9911 1 050 1 132 0 3703 27 4009 1 315 1 681 0 6002 34 4266 1 660 gerd 1 0387 43 4507 1 900 dd 1 4136 45 7415 E 3 657 2 3303 2 1774 2 8075 5 799 3 3248 Pb 3 500 food 5 1338 91 6298 104 7198 13 5925 145 6390 ff Add New Size 20 0627 173 442 34 410 225 0020 S Remove Entry Figure 19 Pipe Diameter Data Description The material description of the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane The Schedule Class description of the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane The internal roughness of the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane The Nominal Size description of the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane The internal diameter of the pipe c
83. Me le EE EE 57 Acc AAA EE EEC gt totadadadetddatadatadatadedadadadendancdtancaes 59 Viewing Individual Results ooccooccconoocnconiccnconccnnconocononnnonnonononnnonnonononnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnanenanenns 61 He ana DESIL EE 62 Tabbed DESIGN NC AA AA AA A AI 62 Greating a New Fipe OSM SEO 62 Omen System DOIN iia 63 pD signno a FINE Syste EE 63 SWN A OVS EE 64 Change the System View Isometric Mode Toggle oooccooccconccconcnconcnconcnnoncnnnanonnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnons 65 Sending a System via E UE 65 SAME ALO EO VSE ea a a a ee ee ere ee ee eee 65 SaMO A A e E EE EE 67 Saving a Drawing 10 a EME IMa Let 67 SEN Teen AC EE 67 A E E ane E 68 neet Ile Ru e en elen ge Te EE 68 ER aleet EE 69 Choosing the System US EE 70 Choosing Pipe Drawing RE L I 71 Change attributes of more than ONE pipe oocccccccncccoccoconccncncncnonononanonononanonnnnnnrnonnnonnnnnnrnonrnenanenanenans 75 Node dates ori 77 EE 6 a dee 78 Configuring the Calculation e Tu 79 Ile Ee 81 BT O RO 81 Properties OF Mied E dada 82 Two Phase Flow Additional Pressure Drop ccccseccesccceeecececeeeceeeceeesaueceueecseeseeesusceaeeseeeseeesgs 82 ge CN D Ee PP 83 Adding FILIS 16 the Fluid Re 84 Adding Gas Data to the Fluid Database n0nnannnnnnannennennennnnnornnnnnnnorrnrrrnrrsrrnnrsnernrrnrrnrrsrrnnrnrrsnrnner 85 Calculations and Results 5 A G1 Comes ene eee mere cc ee ee eee eT eee nee eee eee ee eee
84. P22 103 429 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 4 It p Pipe Color Copy Color and Style Copy All Pipe Data Co Open Pipes XJ Close Pipes Figure 37 Configuration Options Pipe Settings tab To change the pipe material 1 Click the Material button This opens the Pipe diameter data screen A list of all the pipe materials available in the pipe database are displayed in the Choose new pipe material list 72 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Pipe diameter data Pipe Id 10 Schedule Class Internal Roughness inch Stainless Steel ANSI Nominal Size Internal Diam Wall Thick Outside Diam Weight Internal Vol Surface Area inch inch lbs ft fe 100 ft fe 100 ft 0 280 5 625 20 0627 173 4421 Double dick on the material list to select a new pipe material A Schedule Class Choose new pipe material Internal Roughness Pipe Size Range d Pvc wwa PVC AWWA PVC AWWA DVC AWWA PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size DVC Sewer pipe PVC Sewer pipe Stainless Steel ANSI Stainless Steel ANSI Stainless Steel ANSI DR 25 165 psi DR 32 5 125 psi DR 41 100 psi DR 51 80 psi SDR 13 5 315 psi SDR 17 250 psi SDR 21 200 psi SDR 26 160 psi SDR 32 5 125 psi SDR 41 100 psi SDR 64 63 psi
85. Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Balanced Flow State Network analysis is based on two major principles Mass flow into a joint in the network must be equal to mass flow out of the joint Assuming that the fluid density does not change the total flow rate entering the node must equal the total flow rate leaving the node 10f sec 1 50 ft7 sec 25 ft sec 900 ft sec Total In flow Total Qut flaw Figure 87 Flow balance at a join point The pressure drop in the pipes around a loop must be equal to zero In a recirculation loop the pressure loss in each pipe must be the total of the fluid head energy being provided by the driving force normally a pump In a loop where the flows are in opposite directions the total pressure loss in each pipe with a clockwise flow must equal the total pressure loss in each pipe with an anticlockwise flow op op Ch E a a NV E a dF3 dP3 dP1 dP2 dP3 dP4 pump head dP1 dP2 dP3 dP4 Figure 88 Pressure balance around a loop Loops Nodes and Pipes To solve the unknowns in any pipeline network a system of nonlinear equations must be developed to mathematically describe the pipeline network in terms of the flows and pressures that must balance at specific points within the system These equations must be solved simultaneously in order to find a balanced solution Loops within a pipeline network consist of a series of connected pipes that return to the start point the node where the loop
86. Pipe diameter data dialog The Pipe diameter data dialog contains a list of the pipe materials and sizes available in the pipe database and additional properties specific to a pipe in the system For more information about using default pipe values see Setting Up the System Options NOTE Be sure to enter the values for the pipe s properties in the units displayed next to the field For example if you are using metric units and m for meter is displayed next to the Length field enter the pipe length value in meters Adding a Pipe To add a pipe to the pipe system 1 Click the Add Pipes button e on the tool bar 2 When you click the Add Pipes button the pipe symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 3 Click on the place on the Drawing pane where you want the pipe to start 4 Click on the place where you want the pipe to end 5 The pipe is added to the system and is selected in the Drawing pane Define the pipe s properties in the Pipe Pane 6 The rubber banding functionality of the Add Pipes feature provides the ability to continue drawing additional connected sections of pipe after adding a section of pipe 7 If you want to continue adding connected lengths of pipe to the system move the mouse pointer to draw the pipe and click where you want the pipes to end To turn off the rubber banding press the right mouse button right click 8 Type the pipe s name in the Name f
87. The fixed flow rate pump cannot adjust to give a flow pressure balance within the system so some other part of the system must be allowed to vary If flow control valves are also used at least one flow path must have no control device fitted If all flow paths are controlled it will not be possible to solve the system and in this case the system is termed over controlled If a pump with a fixed flow rate is used on a main line that branches to other paths with flow control valves then at least one path must have no flow control valve fitted The flow rate along this path will be set to the difference between the total flow in all other paths and the flow rate produced by the fixed flow rate pump Flow control valves need to have a positive pressure at their inlet that is sufficient to meet the ongoing system pressure loss plus the pressure loss that the flow control valve needs to introduce to achieve a balance within the pipe system If this positive pressure cannot be achieved it will not be possible to solve the system Calculations and Results 117 Adding a Fixed Head Pressure Rise Pump If the performance curve for a pump is not available the analysis of the pipeline system can be carried out using a fixed value for the pump head pressure rise to be added by the pump This pump type is used to specify the additional increase in head pressure that a pump will add in to the system When the system is solved the flow produced b
88. User Guide Calculation Engine Final Solution Verification Calculation Warning Parameters Liquid Velocity gt Gas Velocity gt Gas Fluid Density within Zones Avg Gas Density Reset All entries to the Default Values OK Cancel Options to provide alternative methods of solution including Linear then Newton Convergence Outflow estimate Newton Convergence Linear Approx Only Convergence Pressure balance tolerance allowed when verifying the pressure loss between two connected nodes against the calculated pressure at each node for final solution NPSHa lt NPSHr plus percentage allowance If NPSHa is less than NPSHr plus a percentage allowance a warning is issued in the results log If the liquid velocity in a pipe exceeds the set value a warning is issued in the results log If the gas velocity in a pipe exceeds the set value a warning is issued in the results log If the gas fluid density within an individual fluid zone differs from the average gas density by more than the percentage allowance a warning is issued in the results log Restore the standard settings for the calculation parameters Confirm changes to system calculation options Close the Calculations Tab without making any changes Note We recommend that you do not change these values unless it becomes necessary to solve a very finely balanced system Calculations and Results 59 Results Tables The results of a pipeline system an
89. Value 174 Kv Values 106 License Menu 23 loops nodes pipes 173 Menu Bar 16 Microsoft Excel 162 minimum computer requirements 12 Moving a pipe to link at a new position 147 net positive suction head 183 New pipe system creating 62 63 Node Pane 30 Node Types 30 Node Updates Tab 55 nodes adding 86 88 cutting copying and pasting 145 deleting 148 Opening additional systems 146 Index 187 PDF Report of System Results 165 Pipe Finding a pipe or node 140 Pipe Diameter Data 39 Pipe diameter data dialog 53 71 Pipe Features 35 Pipe Fittings Database 41 Pipe Flow Expert about 11 Pipe Material Data 37 Pipe Pane 35 pipe system adding a Fixed Flow Rate pump 115 adding a Fixed Head Pressure Rise pump 117 adding a fixed speed pump curve 118 adding a pump 114 adding back pressure valves 112 adding components 103 adding components 103 adding control valves 109 adding demand flows 132 adding demand pressures 134 adding fittings and valves 97 adding flow controls 110 adding join points 88 adding pipes 90 adding pressure Reducing Valves 111 adding tanks 86 calculating 152 Components with Cv or Kv values 106 configuring results 158 defining fluid for a fluid zone 83 deleting components 148 Emailing a screen image 67 exporting results 162 inverted view 140 mirror view 140 modifying 138 moving components 144 panning 139 pipes 90 printing 65 redesigning 163 savin
90. Zones 81 demand flows adding 132 deleting 149 understanding 132 demand in flows adding 132 demand out flows adding 132 demand pressures adding 134 deleting 148 understanding 134 Documentation Menu 24 Drawing Menu 22 Drawing pane 47 cutting copying and pasting nodes 145 inverted view 140 mirror view 140 moving components 144 panning pipe system 139 undo and redo functions 148 view whole of the pipe system 139 zoom in 138 zoom out 138 Edit Menu 19 end pressure See demand flows See demand flows End Pressure Data 32 FCV adding 109 File Menu 17 fitting head loss 170 fittings adding 97 adding to the database 99 deleting 150 Fixed flow rate pump Limited application 116 flow control valves 179 adding 110 understanding 110 Flow Demande 34 fluid adding to the database 84 defining for a fluid zone 83 viscosity 168 fluid flow states 168 Fluid Menu 20 Fluid Zones 81 fluids compressible working with 185 friction factors 169 Friction Losses 169 Gas data adding to the database 85 group updates on the drawing 143 Help Menu 25 hydraulic grade line energy grade line 171 Interface and Menus 16 Isometric Mode Toggle 64 Isometric System Options 63 Join Point Data 33 join points adding 88 deleting 148 K factor fitting head loss calculation 170 Keyboard Shortcuts 30 Kv flow coefficient 174 Kv Flow Coefficient 43 Kv Flow Coefficients 106 Kv
91. a close up view in the centre of the Drawing pane Select Individual Pipes and Nodes Use the Adjust attributes of Selected Pipes tool button to display the Pipe Settings tab to make changes to all selected pipes Use the Adjust attributes of Selected Nodes tool button to display the Node Settings tab to make changes to all selected nodes Adjust Attributes of Selected Pipes Opens the Pipe Settings tab of the Configurations Options dialog Use the Pipe Settings tab to copy various attributes of the default pipe to each of the pipes selected The Selection Tool may be used to Select a group of pipes prior to opening the Pipe Settings tab Individual pipes can be added or removed from the selected list by checking or un checking the box adjacent to the pipe description Adjust Attributes of Selected Nodes Opens the Node Updates tab of the Configurations Options dialog Use the Node Updates tab to copy node elevation and images to each of the nodes selected The Selection Tool may be used to Select a group of nodes prior to opening the Node Updates tab Individual nodes can be added or removed from the selected list by checking or un checking the box adjacent to the node description Delete Selected item s are deleted If a selected item is a node then all pipes which connect to the node will also be deleted Undo last action The last add pipe or node action performed in the Drawing pane is undone Calculations and Results 29
92. ackage 14 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Network Licensing The software can be operated over a network and used by a number of concurrent users Network installation is simple and only requires that the software is installed to a shared network drive Each user then runs the program as normal from the shared drive When licensing the program you will need to purchase a software license that supports the maximum number of concurrent users that you require Please email info pipeflow com with your network licensing requirements to obtain a competitive quote for your specific needs Software Distribution Note All of our software is provided via download from our web sites at www pipeflow com and www pipeflow co uk We do not provide the software on CD since it would be exactly the same as the program that can be downloaded from our web site This helps to reduce our costs which allows us to offer lower prices for our customers and also guarantees that the user is always installing the latest version of the software Users are free to make their own CD copy of the software however every installation of the program will generate a new product code and a new license code will still be required New Customers Those of you who have previously purchased software from us will already be assured of our reputation and will not be concerned about receiving the software via download However we understand that as a new customer you may be concerned
93. actual pipes in the system where the flow is shut off In Pipe Flow Expert you can stop the flow of fluid through any pipe in the system by selecting the Open Close pipe mode and clicking on a pipe in the Drawing pane to close the pipe With the Closed Pipe feature you can evaluate different configuration scenarios within the system when calculating the results To close a pipe in the pipe system Va 1 Click the Open Close Pipe button el on the tool bar to select open close pipe mode 2 Click any pipe in the Drawing pane which you want to close The pipe will be closed 3 To re open a pipe click a closed pipe with the Open Close cursor The pipe will be re opened 4 Click the Show Item Info button D Or right click to exit the Open Close pipe direction mode A selected pipe can also be opened or closed by using the Pipe Sub menu option A Closed pipe will be displayed grayed out and dotted on the drawing to indicate that the pipe is no longer part on the functioning system Note care must be taken with this feature as a non functional system may result from this action and Pipe Flow Expert may not be able analyze the resulting network Calculations and Results 95 Using the Pipe Sub menu while drawing In Pipe Flow Expert you can change some of the features of the selected pipe by using the Pipe Sub menu Select a pipe and click the right mouse button to display the Pipe Sub menu Select the option that you req
94. ained in the pipe system from the Fluid Properties Database list 3 If the fluid is not in the Fluid Properties Database list click the Add new fluid data button to add the new fluid data to the list For more information about adding fluid data see Adding Fluids to the Fluid Database 4 Click the Use selected fluid button or double click the row containing the fluid 5 The selected fluid is displayed in the Fluid properties section of the Fluid data dialog 6 Edit the applicable fluid properties in the Fluid properties section 84 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 7 The edits you make only affect the fluid properties for the system they do not affect the database data 8 Click Save to save the fluid data to be used with the currently selected fluid zone The name of the fluid for the currently selected fluid zone is displayed next to the Fluid button on the tool bar Adding Fluids to the Fluid Database If the fluid you are using in the pipe system does not exist in the Pipe Flow Expert fluid database you can quickly add the fluid to the database by clicking the Add new fluid data button on the Fluid data screen NOTE Be sure to enter the value for the fluid s properties in the units displayed on the column header For example if you are using imperial units F for Fahrenheit is displayed under Temperature in the Temperature column The temperature value should be entered in degrees Fahrenheit To add new fluid data to t
95. alances accurate to 0 000137 psi Loop Pressure balances accurate to 0 000145 psi Largest Resistance Loss balanced is 69 163770 psi across any single pressure equation for a pipe loop or end to end section Pressure balances for loops accurate to within 0 000210 The network was solved successfully The solution values are displayed on the drawing Mew Results Drawing View Results Sheet Create POF Report Figure 74 Result Log dialog If the pipe system is solved the message The network was solved successfully is displayed in the Results Log dialog If the pipe system is not solved the log offers some suggestions as to why the system could not be solved and the message The network was not solved See log details above is displayed in the Results Log dialog When this happens review the log and click OK to return to the Drawing pane in design mode Make the necessary changes to the system to resolve the design errors in the system and click the Calculate button on the tool bar to recalculate the revised system If the Results Log has been closed it can be re opened by clicking the Show Log button on the toolbar To change back to Design Mode close the Results Log and then click on the Re Design button on the toolbar To view the Results Drawing Click the View Results Drawing button on the results log to display the drawing with results 156 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide File Edit Units Fluid Drawin
96. alysis are displayed in the Results tables Data for flow rates in pipes velocities in pipes pressures at join points tank elevations hydraulic grade lines pump operating points and many more calculated results can all be viewed in the results tables The results table interacts with the drawing pane in a two way manner If a pipe or a node is selected in the results tables then the pipe or node is selected on the drawing fi Click the Zoom To button or a double click on the selected result line to zoom the display to show the selected item in the centre of the drawing area If a pipe or node is clicked on the drawing to select it then the results table will also change to show the selected item The results display units can be altered by choosing the units required from the configuration options units tab The results information about the elements of your system can be saved to an Excel spreadsheet file or exported to a new Excel spreadsheet a El Lis EA a a Use the tool buttons to carry out the following actions e Save the results shown on the active tab to a file e Export the active tab results to an Excel spreadsheet Microsoft Excel is required e Paste the active tab results to the Windows clipboard e Choose new unit options e Zoom to the selected pipe or node e Dock the results grid to the base of the drawing window e Dock the results grid to the right of the drawing window Pipe Flow Expert Results F
97. are Project 1 PF Expert Solution Energy Data Pipe Flow Software Project 1 PF Expert Solution Node Data oi Pipe Flow Software Project 1 PF Expert Solution E Pipe Data Pipe Flow Software Project 1 PF Expert Solution Pump Data e Name Pipe Flow Software Project 1 PF Expert Solution Fluid Data a 3 a a 2 aa 23 wi La EE LO TER O Pipe F tovu Pipe Flow Design 1 Results Data Figure 78 PDF Report Pages Configuring the System Results Once a pipe system is calculated and solved the calculated results are displayed with the pipe system in the Drawing pane The options selected on the Labelling tab of the Configuration Options dialog determine which result values are displayed in the Drawing pane By default the calculated flow and pressure values are displayed for each pipe in the system You can also reconfigure the units for the pipe system results on the Units tab of the Configuration Options dialog You can access the Units tab of the Configuration Options dialog by selecting Specify Units from the Units menu or clicking the Choose Units button E on the toolbar or clicking the Choose Units button in the Results dialog To configure the pipe system labelling for results LABEL 1 Click the Choose Labelling button E on the tool bar to open the Labelling tab of the Configuration Options screen Calculation Theory and Method of Solut
98. bar Pipe Flow Expert Results E AS J File Units led Ol se E a Pipes Fittings Pumps Nodes Fluids Pipe Materials Energy All Results Pipeld Pipe Name f Fluid Zone t Material T Inner Diameter Roughness Length T Totalk f MassFlow f Flow t Velocity and Notes Inch inch ft Dieser US MGO Leer Water IGOE at D Opsi g 18 Castlron 16 000 0 070200 1050 000 4 1000 45 5398 0 47 0 523 Water 68 at O Opsig 10 Castlron 10 000 0 070200 1050 000 0 0000 80 1986 0 83 2 360 Water 62F at O psio 4 Cast Iron 4 000 0 070200 1450 000 0 0000 7 3007 0 08 1 453 Water 658 at 0 0psig 8 Cast Iron 8 000 0 010200 600 000 0 0000 46 6911 0 48 2147 Water EBF at D Opel o 8 Cast Iron 8 000 0 010200 1250 000 0 0000 63 2818 0 66 2 910 Water B F at O U0psig 2 Cast Iron 2 000 0 070200 1450 000 0 0000 2 1781 0 02 1 602 Water 65 at O Opsig 6 Cast Iron 6 000 0 070200 17 70 000 0 0000 Tr radl 0 81 6 305 Waler 56 F at O Opsig 6 Cast iron 6 000 0 010200 2100 000 0 0000 62 4409 0 65 5 104 Water BSF at 0 0psig 10 Cast ion 10 000 0 010200 1250 000 0 0000 138 7503 1 44 4 083 Water BS at U Ops o 12 Lastlron 12 000 0 010200 2200 000 0 0000 269 3333 afd 5 504 Water BSF at O Ups o 10 Lastlon 10 000 0 010200 2070 000 0 0000 EIERE 2 11 5 996 Water BSF at O Opsig 15 Castlron 14 000 0 070200 1050 000 4 4000 630 4052 6 54 4 465 Water 68 at D Opsi g 10 Castlron 10 000 0 070200 1600 000 0 0000 66 3076 0 65 1 951
99. be amended at a later time To set all the features of a pipe use the Diameter and Material buttons to access the selection dialogs Pipe Flow Expert allows fittings and valves components flow control valves and pumps to be added to a pipe The selection dialogs to add or change the data for these items can be accessed by clicking on the appropriate button in the pipe pane Pipe Features HH Pipe 3 Jo BS d Change Pipe Diameter Name Include P1 aa wi Length E40 20 000 fi H Pal Internal Diameter Mom 4 4026 inch a Diam Roughness 0 001811 inch E Material Steel AMSI Sch 40 Change Pipe Material dl al d Add Edit Fittings Add Edit Component Add Edit Control Valve Add Edit Pump Re Open Close Pipe Reverse Pipe direction Prevent Backflow On Off Move Unlink end of Pipe t4 SE gt Go e a oo More mh Notes Set as Default Pipe for Drawing O Change Fluid Zone SS Close Figure 17 Pipe Pane and Pipe Sub menu Feature Description Pipe Identification Number Use the Pipe Drop Down List to select a pipe or to scroll through each of the pipes in the pipe system Name The name of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the Name field to edit the pipe name Length The length of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the length field to change the length of the pipe 36 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Internal Diameter R
100. bject is used to model the flow rate pressure loss of control valves with Cv or Kv flow coefficients Adding a component valve with a Cv or Kv value To add a component valve with a Cv or Kv flow coefficient 1 Add a component to a pipe as described in the previous section 2 Type the name of the control valve in the Component Name field 3 Selecta Cv Kv or Valve symbol to represent the component on the schematic drawing 4 Select the Cv radio button and enter the Cv flow coefficient value Or Select the Kv radio button and enter the Kv flow coefficient value 5 Click OK to save and add the Cv Kv flow coefficient data to the pipe E 20020 C US gpm water Calculate Cy value for alpsiloss For Current Fluid flowing at 0 000 Kusmidbour water ISE Fluid Density 62 428 Lag Flow Rate 0 0000 US apm UK Cancel Clear Delete EE 1 0000 psi m Save To File Load From File Calculate Cancel Figure 59 Adding a Cv Kv flow coefficient value Calculations and Results 107 The component dialog includes helpers to assist in calculating an appropriate Cv or Kv flow coefficient value for a particular flow rate and pressure drop based on the current fluid Click the calculator button to display the calculator The user should be aware that the Cv or Kv flow coefficient specifies the flow rate of water for a particular pressure loss When the fluid density is greater or less than water a
101. bles 59 ResultsLogForm dialog 152 Reynolds number 169 Rotating a group of items 147 Selected Area zoom in 138 Setting System Options 68 slurries 184 solving a pipe system 154 system calculation tolerances 174 components 174 System Amendments and Group Updates 141 Tabbed Design Sheets 62 Tank Node Data 31 tanks adding 86 deleting 148 info 86 theory calculation 168 Tool Bar 26 Tool Bar Buttons 26 Tools Menu 23 total pressure loss 171 two phase flow 183 Two phase flow additional pressure loss 82 undo function 148 Units Menu 20 unknown values 173 Using the Edit Grid 141 valves adding 97 Viewing and Modifying System Components 142 Viewing Individual Results 61 zoom function 138
102. by buying a purchase token license from our web site You can be up and running with a fully licensed program within just a couple of minutes 16 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Interface and Menus This section details the different features of the Pipe Flow Expert interface For each feature there is an explanation a screen shot and a table providing descriptions for each element of the feature The sections following this section provide instructions for using the Pipe Flow Expert application Tabbed Systems Calculate Preferences Button File Units and Operations Drawing Tool Buttons Select Cut Copy Paste Group updates etc Drawing Pane Flpe Flow Expert Interface Examplle pfe 7 tation Help Fluid File Edit Units Fluid Drawing Wools License Docu Data ES Zone 1 Water 62 428 lb f at O 0psi g 41 F z Imperial Metric a a E Type E Join Point e e Leen Node el D a t a Elevation of Join 164 000 ft Demands In l Pop up Data 0 000 Ein in Results Mode Demands Out Pipe 1 D 8 3inch L 1 700 Oft 175 500 f min gt Notes N6 574 1ft a 0 0 psi ga 16 0ft 175 500 ft min Pipe 5 Pipe 5 a Flow 78 211 f8 min E 3 N Name _ Include 5 j Pipe 1 pal Y n Pi pe 5 Start Elevation 164 000 ft Data Length End Elevation 72 000 ft 1700 000 ft End Pressure 190 3950 psi g Total dP Loss 80
103. cients screen contains a list of the fittings available in the fitting database and additional properties specific to a fitting in the system If a fitting added to a pipe causes a specific pressure loss you should choose to add the pressure loss by adding a Component to the pipe and then specifying the pressure loss on the Set Component Pressure Loss screen If you are adding a fitting near a pump be sure to consider the orientation of the fitting whether the fitting is in front of or after the pump The orientation of the fitting affects the NPSHa Net Positive Suction Head available value at the pump inlet If the fitting is placed after the pump the NPSHa value at the pump inlet will be higher If you need to move a fitting you can move the fitting in the Drawing pane by clicking the Drag and Move ltems button on the tool bar and selecting and moving the fitting to a new location in the system NOTE Be sure to choose a fitting size that matches the size of the pipe or valve size that is equal or greater than the size of the pipe For example if you are using 4 nominal pipe size select either a 100 mm or a 4 inch fitting Adding a Fitting to a pipe To add fittings to a pipe 1 You can add a fitting using the Add Fittings button on the tool bar or the Add Change Fittings button in the Pipe Pane Sr 2 To add a fitting using the Add Fittings tool bar button click the Add Fittings button El 3 When you click the Add Fittings but
104. ct any of the demand pressure s properties or values Type the required pressure for the end of the pipe in the Pressure field Type the elevation at the demand pressure in the Elevation field Type any applicable notes regarding the demand pressure in the Notes field To add additional demand pressures to the system repeat Steps 3 12 136 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Text Items Text items allow you to add free text labels at any position on the pipe system drawing These are useful for annotating a system during and after the design process and provide an easy and clear way to provide additional details about specific items on the drawing Using the Add Text button A on the tool bar you can add text to the drawing and or modify text that has been previously added Adding Text to the drawing To add and or modify text 1 Click the Add Text button Al on the tool bar 2 A circle will appear at the top left of any text that has been previously added 3 To modify previously added text click this circle to display the Add Free Text Label dialog 4 To add new text click in a clear space on the drawing pane to display the Add Free Text Label dialog Add Free Text Free Text Water Distribution System Section 10 October 2012 Color Size Style Angle Blue 14 Rod Under U Sample of selected font Example text in current st W Top Align to Grid Ok Cancel Clear Delete Figure 7
105. currently selected in the Drawing pane The internal roughness of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane The Nominal Size description of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane The internal diameter of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane The wall thickness of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane The outside diameter of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane The weight per unit length of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane The internal volume ft8 100 ft or m3 100m of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane The external surface area ft 2 100 ft or m2 100m of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane This button is not available during pipe material selection This button is not available during pipe material selection 38 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Change Material Select Cancel Add New Material Remove Material Show Listing of available pipe data materials Show size data for selected material Revert to previously selected size listing Create a new material category to which new pipe sizes can be added Remove a material category Pipe Diameter Data Pipe diameter data Pipe data Pl Material Inch Calculations and Results 39 Pipe ld 1 Schedule Class Internal Roughness inch Steel ANSI Sch 40 0 001811 Nominal Size Internal Diam Wall Thick Outside Diam weight Internal Mol Surface Area E a Pipe
106. d flow the Set Flow Demands dialog opens and you can view and edit the demand flow values 6 When you select a pipe the pipe s details are displayed and can be edited in the Pipe pane To view and edit a pipe s material and or size click the Diam or Material buttons in the Pipe pane to open the Pipe diameter data screen 7 When you click a fitting symbol or a valve symbol HF on a pipe the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen opens You can view and edit all fittings on the pipe containing the fitting you selected in the Drawing pane You can also select a pipe in the Drawing pane and then Tr click the Add Change Fittings button d m in the Pipe pane to open the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen 8 When you click a component symbol on a pipe the Set Component Pressure Loss dialog opens and you can view and edit the component s pressure loss values You can also select a pipe in the Drawing pane and then click the Add Change Component Pressure Loss button Ei in the Pipe pane to open the Set Component Pressure Loss dialog 9 When you click a control valve symbol on a pipe EE the Control Valve Data screen opens and you can view and edit the control valve type or values You can also select a pipe in the Drawing pane and then click the Add Change Control Valve button Sc in the Pipe pane to open the Control Valve Data screen Calculations and Results 143 10 When you click a pum
107. d pressure which it cannot do If this situation is encountered when a system is analyzed it will not be possible to identify a valid solution The flow control valve setting will have to be amended or the flow control valve may have to be removed to allow a solution to be calculated Adding a Pressure Reducing Valve A pressure reducing valve controls and regulates the pressure downstream of the valve 1 Open the Set Control Data dialog as described in the previous section 2 Click the pressure reducing valve PRV radio button 3 Type the name of the pressure reducing valve in the Control Name field 4 Type the required reduced pressure in the Set Pressure field 5 Enter the allowable differential pressure range for the valve operation if appropriate 6 Click OK to add the pressure reducing valve to the pipe NOTE The pressure reducing valve PRV introduces an additional pressure loss in the pipe to control the downstream pressure at the end of the pipe to the value specified by the user The additional pressure loss across the control valve is reported in the results tables A PRV can operate under three different conditions 1 regulating 2 fully closed and 3 fully open How the valve operates depends on the defined set pressure value for the valve The fully open and fully closed positions represent the extreme operations of the valve Each of the valve positions is described below 1 Regulating The valve maintains the downstr
108. d then click the Add Change Fittings button Soll in the Pipe pane to open the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog 5 Select the row containing the fitting that you want to delete in the Fittings on section 6 Click the Delete button 0 3000 Dn sl next to the row that shows the K value for the fitting to delete the fitting s from the selected pipe 7 Click the Save button in the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog to save your changes and close the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog 8 If you deleted all the fittings on the pipe the fittings symbol on the selected pipe is deleted in the Drawing pane Deleting a Component Pressure Loss To delete a component s pressure loss from a pipe system 1 Click the Show Item Info button on the tool bar 2 Click the component pressure loss symbol E 4 on the pipe containing the component pressure loss that you want to delete in the Drawing pane 3 Clicking the component pressure loss symbol opens the Set Component Pressure Loss dialog 4 Youcan also select the pipe containing the component pressure loss that you want to delete in the Drawing pane and then click the Add Change Component Pressure Loss button ATT 2311 in the Pipe pane to open the Set Component Pressure Loss dialog 5 If you want to save and reuse the component pressure loss data for other pipes in the pipe system or future pipe systems be sure to click the Save To Fi
109. dard affinity laws to predict the flow amp head performance for the maximum amp minimum impeller diameters pete The Graph Options button provides access to additional settings that configure the color and display of items on the graph and it also provides access to allow bespoke configuration of the predicted pump performance data so that it can be matched to a pump s real world performance as detailed on a pump manufacturers graph and data sheet Graph Display Options Pump Curves The pump graph can be set to display the M 4 Desion Curve W 7 Design Point Design Curve Design Point Operating Envelope System Curve Preferred Operating vf i i i a V Envelope E System Curve Region and Efficiency Curve 4 Pref Op Static 0 00 m hd Additional Curves Shaft Power and NPSHr graphs can be WA Efficiency Power displayed below the main performance graph Line W NPSH leo 5y A Efficiency data can also be displayed on the graph either as a single line for a specific pump curve or as a series of iso efficiency lines that Graph Lines ER show efficiency performance across a range of Grid Lines MA Min Flow Line impeller sizes Standard Fine Imported Images A logo image can be added to the pump graph Imported Logo Imported Curve 126 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Predicted Performance Data Initially the pump s predicted performance is based on the standard affinity laws Pump De 550 F
110. different flow rate of the fluid will be required to produce a 1 00 psi or a 1 bar pressure loss through the valve CAUTIONS If the fluid is a gas the flow rate entered into the calculator must represent the actual flow rate for the compressed gas condition i e the volumetric flow rate of the gas based on the gas density defined in the current fluid Generally it would be better to use a mass flow rate entry for the calculation instead of a volumetric flow rate If the fluid is a gas and the pressure drop exceeds 50 of the inlet pressure to the valve the flow will become choked and it will not be possible to achieve the calculated flow rate If this occurs Pipe Flow Expert will warn of a problem in the Result Log Pipe Flow Expert does not model changes in the gas characteristics due to changes in pressure or temperature It uses the density and viscosity of the gas as defined in the current fluid See section on Working With Compressible Fluids for more information Important Note To correctly model the pressure drop for the entered Cv or Kv value the density of the gas used in the calculation must be the density of the gas at the outlet of the valve component In effect this means that the fluid data for the fluid zone associated with the pipe where the component with a Cv or Kv value is must be defined for the approximate pressure condition at the outlet of the valve component Le specify the current fluid data so that the density r
111. drawn the box 5 Release the left mouse button 6 Click in the box and hold down the left mouse button then drag the box to the new location in the Drawing pane Moving the box automatically moves the node or group of components within the box 7 Release the left mouse button and right click when you are done moving the component When you move components using the Selection tool button the values for the components that are moved do not change If you want to change the value of a moved component such as pipe length the value needs to be manually updated in Pipe Flow Expert Cutting Copying and Pasting Nodes amp Pipes Nodes tanks demand pressures or join points and the connecting pipes can be cut copied or pasted in the Drawing pane A pipe cannot exist unless it is connected between two nodes When you cut a node from a pipe system in the Drawing pane any pipes that have one end connected to a selected node but which are not linked at the other end to another selected node i e the pipe is not fully contained within the selection rectangle will be permanently removed from the system and the components on those deleted pipes will also be removed from the system When you paste a group of objects on to the Drawing pane these items will initially appear slightly offset from the position of the original copy operation The group of objects will be contained ina selection rectangle to allow the objects to be moved to a new
112. e entered and maintained on the Set Component Pressure Loss screen The pressure loss defined for a component can be saved to a pfco file This file provides a way to share the pressure loss data for a component and quickly enter the pressure loss data when the same type of component is used again in the pipe system or a future pipe system The pfco file also provides a quick and easy way to evaluate different components with pressure loss in the pipe system to determine how each one affects the system Currently in Pipe Flow Expert you can only add one component pressure loss to each pipe If there is more than one component on a pipe that causes a pressure loss you can break up the applicable pipe into the number of pieces corresponding with the number of components causing a pressure loss For example if you have a pipe that is 100 feet long with two components causing a pressure loss you can break the pipe into two pieces each 50 feet long and add one of the component pressure losses to each piece How you divide a pipe does not matter only the total length of the pieces added together matters so that if the pipe is supposed to be 100 feet long then the lengths of the pieces need to add up to 100 feet NOTE Be sure to enter the value for the pressure loss properties in the units displayed next to the field For example if you are using imperial units and psi g for pounds per square inch is displayed next to the Fixed Loss field
113. e Estimates Calculation Engine O O00010 bar Linear then Newton Convergence 0 200000 bar SE Final Solution Wenfication 0000001 kg sec Node Balance to 0 000018 bar Calculation Warming Parameters NPSHa lt NPSHrplue 20 3 5000 Liquid Velocity gt 5 000000 msec 0 100 Gas Velocity gt ZU UUUUUU m sec 0 100000 m sec Das Fluid Density within Zo ones Avg Gas Density DU DUU mise Reset All entries to the Default Values Cancel Figure 30 Configuration Options Calculations Tab Feature Pressure Balancing Tolerance Final Loop Pressure Balancing Tolerance Initial Flow Balance Final Tolerance Max Iterations for Approximate Solution Max Iterations for Final Solution Final Iterations Delta Reduction Factor Min Velocity for Discharge Estimates Max Velocity for Discharge Estimates Description Pressure balance tolerance allowed around a set of pipes forming a loop for final solution Pressure balance tolerance allowed around a set of pipes forming a loop for initial solution Mass flow in and mass flow out tolerance allowed at a node join point Maximum calculation iterations allowed to find approximate solution Maximum calculation iterations allowed to find final solution Rate of adjustment during convergence to final solution Starting velocity estimate for unknown discharge estimation Final velocity estimate for unknown discharge estimation 58 Pipe Flow Expert
114. e Pipe data section of the Pipe diameter data screen 5 Edit the applicable pipe properties in the Pipe data section The edits you make only affects the pipe s properties for the system they do not affect the database data 6 Click Save Pipe to add the pipe s material and size and to close the Pipe diameter database The Pipe Default Tab is now populated with the choices that have been made The pipe s material is displayed under the Roughness field the nominal size is displayed under the Diam button and the pipe s internal diameter and roughness are displayed in the Internal Diameter and Roughness fields on the Default Values tab 74 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide To change the pipe length d Type the default pipe length into the Length field on the pipe pane To change the fittings on the pipe 1 The default number of fittings currently on the selected pipe is displayed on the Add Change Fittings button Click the Add Change Fittings button Ei Clicking the Add Change Fittings button opens the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog A list of all the fittings available in the fitting database is displayed in the Fitting Database list z Pipe fitting friction coefficients Fittings on P1 Steel ANSI 100 mm JD 102 260 mm Pipe Id 1 Symbol Type Metric Imperial Description K value Qty Total K 265 j EntProj 100 mm 4 Pipe Entry Projecting 0 7800 1 Gate 100mm Gate Valve 0 1400 1 Save 4 SB 100 mm
115. e Qty Total K 0 78 BH EntProj 100 mm 4 Pipe Entry Projecting 0 7800 1 Fittings Pipe Size 1 00 mm D X d A Add Selected Item On To Pipe Als Symbol St Type At Metric St Imperial St Description Double click on a fitting item SB 100 mm 4 Standard Bend to add it to the pipe fittings LB 100 mm PB 100 mm 100 mm RB 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm Long Bend Pipe Bend Elbow 45 deg Calculate K value Return Bend La entrance rounded Mitre Bend 45 deg a gt gradual enlargement Mitre Bend 90 deg Gala Vake gt gradual contraction Globe Valve EZ sudden enlargement Globe Valve Angled Ki sudden contraction 100 mm Plug Valve Straightway 100 mm Butterfly Valve D long pipe bend Symbol Type Metric Imperial Description KI Cancel D Hp U en far x NonRetun Stainer Fam E Save this fiting data to ist rest fittings list or calculate buttons to select fitting information 21 Add this fitting to pipe hier kk SS SS SS SS SS FF PEA mend data in this panel to create new fitting types Figure 55 Add a fitting in the Pipe fitting friction coefficients listings 2 To change the symbol representing the fitting click the Change button to open the Choose symbol screen Figure 56 Choose fitting symbol 3 Select the symbol you want to represent the fitting 4 Click OK to add the symbol to the Symbol field and close the Choose symbol screen 5 Type the fitting typ
116. e changing the universal setting from imperial to metric all values including any imperial units selected on the Units tab of the Configuration Options dialog are converted to metric All field values on the Units tab are also reset to their default metric value Calculations and Results 71 Click OK to save the unit configurations and close the Configuration Options dialog or click another tab in the dialog to continue configuring Pipe Flow Expert and the pipe system Choosing Pipe Drawing Defaults If you will be using the same type of pipe throughout a pipe system you can set up default pipe values When the pipe default values are defined the values are automatically populated each time you add a section of pipe to a pipe system You can set up default pipe values for pipe length internal diameter and roughness as well as fittings and the pipe s material and size Pipe default values are set up on the Default Values tab of the Configuration Options dialog The default pipe values are used when adding pipes however you can customize the values for an individual pipe in the system at any time by editing its values in the Pipe pane or in the Pipe diameter data dialog NOTE Be sure to enter the value for the pipe s properties in the units displayed next to the field For example if you are using metric units and m for meter is displayed next to the Length field enter the pipe length value in meters To set up pipe default values for a
117. e difference in start and end elevations of the pipe The changes in pipe length will be noted in the results log when the system is solved The user may wish to check that the lengths of these pipes are also sufficient to cover any additional length that may be required if the pipe is not vertical a none vertical sloped pipe would need to have a length that was greater than just the change in elevation between its start and end node Where the pipe direction is not vertical and the length has been set to less than the difference in elevation between its start node and end node it will be necessary to amend each pipe length manually in the pipe pane or edit grid Calculating and Solving a System To calculate and solve a system 1 Open the pfe file for the pipe system you want to calculate in Pipe Flow Expert 2 The pipe system is displayed in the Drawing pane In order to calculate a system s values the pipe system must be open in the Drawing pane 3 Click the Calculate button on the tool bar 4 The system results are calculated and the Results Log dialog is shown Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 155 Pipe Flow Expert Results Log gt gt gt Found final solution gt gt gt Verifying pipe losses against node pressures at start and end of pipe Passed gt gt gt Solution Verified Final Solution Details Darcy Weisbach Calculation method with ColeBrook WWhite Friction Factor equations Node Pressure b
118. e flow control valve pressure loss cannot be set A warning will be displayed that the pressure in the pipe is not sufficient to deliver the set flow 178 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Pressure Reducing Valves Pressure Reducing Valves allow the user to set a pressure at the node downstream of the valve i e at the end of the pipe The pressure reducing valve PRV introduces an additional pressure loss in the pipe to control the pressure at the node downstream of the valve to the value specified by the user A pipe with a Pressure Reducing Valve fitted cannot have a tank or pressure demand set on either end No other pipe which connects to a pipe with a Pressure Reducing Valve fitted can contain a control valve FCV PRV or BPV Pipe Flow Expert removes the pipe from the system and sets the pressure at the downstream node N2 by replacing it with an appropriately defined tank The tank elevation is set to equal the node elevation the liquid level is set to zero and the fluid surface pressure is set to the pressure reducing valve setting At the upstream node an out flow demand is then set equal to the flow from N2 Hence the pipe is replaced by a tank at the downstream node and an out flow at the upstream node while the system is being solved The outflow at the upstream node must equal the flow rate from the downstream node that is now represented by the tank Pressure balance equation d db vu Du Top pipe 1 El pipe 1 _ Ne P A a
119. e name in the Type field 6 Select the fitting s metric size from the Metric list or select the fitting s imperial size from the drop down nominal size listings 10 11 12 13 Calculations and Results 101 You only need to select the metric or imperial fitting size Pipe Flow Expert automatically populates the other size for you For example if you select 32 mm from the Metric list the imperial equivalent 1 1 4 automatically appears in the Imperial field Type a description of the fitting in the Description field Click the Save this fitting data to list button to add the fitting to the Fitting Database list If you want to add the fitting to the pipe as well as the fitting database click the Add this fitting to pipe button to add the new fitting to the pipe The new fitting is displayed in the Fittings on section of the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen Select the quantity of the fitting you are adding to the pipe from the fitting s Qty list in the Fittings on section Click Save to add the fitting to the pipe and to close the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen To add a fitting to the fitting database using a Calculate K value button d Click the Show Item Info button a on the tool bar Select a fitting in the Drawing pane to open the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen Select the pipe for which you want to create a new fitting in the Drawing pane and click the Add Chan
120. e pressure required at the end of the pipe or a Back Pressure Valve BPV to set the pressure required at the start of the pipe Add Pump Select the pump cursor Click on the pipe on which you want to add a pump Use the Pump data dialog to enter the pump performance characteristics Add Demand Flow Select the add demand flow cursor Click on a node in the Drawing pane where you want to set a demand flow Use the Flow demande dialog to set the In flows or Out flows at the selected node Toggle to Open Close a Pipe Select the open close pipe cursor Click on a pipe in the Drawing pane where you want to close a pipe or to re open a pipe that has been closed previously Add Text Add Free text labels to the drawing Selection Tool Select the selection rectangle cursor Click in the Drawing pane and while holding down the left mouse button drag the mouse to create a rectangle around the item s you want to select for cutting copying pasting deleting or moving You can select multiple items to cut copy paste delete or move as a group Click the right mouse button to exit from selection mode Cut Selected items are cut to the clipboard Copy Selected items are copied to the clipboard Paste Items on the clipboard are pasted in the Drawing pane Mirror Selected items are mirrored left right Invert Selected items are inverted up down Zoom Selected Area Displays the selection area in
121. e system you can return to the Drawing pane in design mode by clicking the Re Design button on the toolbar If you want to retain the original solved pipe system and the calculated values for the system before you redesign the pipe system be sure to save the pipe system and results before clicking the Re Design button When a pipe system cannot be solved additional information is displayed in the Results Log and the message The network was not solved See log details above is shown Clicking OK on the Results Log automatically returns you to the Drawing pane in design mode Amending the System Making amendments to your system usually involves changing the diameter length or material of a pipe or group of pipes It may also involve changing the node elevations where the pipes are linked Amendments can be made in a number of ways a Use the Edit Grid to display filter and edit the data for Pipes Nodes and other items b Click on the pipe or node and update the entries shown on the Pipe Pane or the Node Pane c Set the Default Pipe data select a group of items to be amended or select a collection of individual items and then copy some or all of the Default Pipe attributes to the selected items These amendment options are described in the System Amendments and Group Updates section of this document 164 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Create a PDF Report of the System Results When a system has been solved succes
122. e system s data is stored within the file If you need to modify the system or want to reuse the system for a future system you can simply open the file in Pipe Flow Expert make the necessary changes and resave the file To save a pipe system 1 Click the Save File button EJ on the toolbar or select File Save to open the Save As dialog DI Save As HA 5 A SA G Lo Libraries Documents Designs y bt Search Designs E we AS TS e i a M HMMH Organize New folder a Fr Favorites Documents library Arrange by Folder zs E Designs E Desktop Name Type Date modified Size Libraries Documents al Music Fal Pictures Be Videos ef Homegroup AR AppData E Contacts ES General 01_Three_Reservoirs pfe PFE File 23 10 2012 File name Commnon_08_Components_Heat_Exchangers pfe Save as type Pipe Flow Network pfe Hide Folders Figure 33 Save As dialog 2 Type aname for the file in the File Name field 3 Click Save to save the pipe system Once a pipe system has been saved to a pfe file you can simply click the Save button Wl on the toolbar or select File Save to save changes to the system Calculations and Results 65 Change the System View Isometric Mode Toggle A Pipe Flow Expert system can be displayed in Isometric mode or Standard mode The system information such as pipe sizes pipe lengths node elevations etc do not change when the view of the system is changed When a
123. e the pressure drop for two phase flow Two phase flow can produce an extremely high pressure drop many times greater than the pressure drop of either individual fluid The user should make due allowance for the two phase flow pressure drop by using a component to add an appropriate additional pressure loss Slurries Slurries which have a constant density and a constant viscosity are able to be modeled provided the minimum velocity to keep the solids in suspension is maintained throughout the pipeline system The density and viscosity of the slurry mixture must be entered as the fluid data 182 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Working with Compressible Fluids Pipe Flow Expert has been designed for the analysis of pipeline systems using the Darcy Weisbach equation to calculate friction loss The Darcy Weisbach equation is normally applicable to incompressible Newtonian fluids since the density of these fluids can be considered to be constant The system calculations do not take account of any compression or expansion of the fluid that may occur due to pressure changes in the fluid and therefore the results obtained for compressible fluids may only be acceptable under certain conditions It is however common practice for the Darcy Weisbach equation to be used to calculate the friction losses for compressible fluids within a pipeline system if certain constraints about the system being modeled are understood It is up to the pipe systems engine
124. eam pressure to the set value by introducing a pressure loss across the valve thus throttling the flow rate through the PRV 2 Fully Closed This mode of operation occurs if the valve s set pressure is less than the pressure downstream of the valve for the case where the valve is closed When this occurs in an actual pipe system the flow through the PRV reverses and the PRV acts as a check valve closing the pipe In PipeFlow Expert this method of operation is detected and reported but the system is not then solved for this scenario The user must decide if this method of operation is what they intended and if so then they can close the pipe and continue to solve the system 112 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 3 Fully Open This mode of operation occurs if the valve s set pressure is greater than the pressure upstream of the valve for the case where the valve is fully open When this occurs in an actual pipe system the PRV maintains a fully open position and it has no effect on the flow conditions except to add a frictional loss through the valve In PipeFlow Expert this method of operation is detected and reported But the system is not solved because the differential pressure across the valve would have to be negative Le the valve would be acting like a pump rather than a pressure control Pipe Flow Expert will only solve a system when the PRV is operating in Regulating mode AVOIDING PRV OPERATION PROBLEMS In general PRV operatio
125. ection customizing the data to match the new fitting and calculating the fitting s K value A K value represents a local loss coefficient This value is supplied by the fitting manufacturer Most fittings have a fixed K value but some fittings have a K value that needs to be calculated The Calculated K value section in the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog is used to add fittings with a calculated K value to a pipe system and the fitting database When you click a fitting button in the Calculated K value section a dialog opens that contains fields for adding the fitting measurements required to calculate the fitting s K value To add a fitting to the fitting database using the Create new fitting button 1 Choose the Show Item Info button on the tool bar 2 Click on a fitting symbol in the Drawing pane to open the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen OR Select the pipe for which you want to create a new fitting in the Drawing pane and click the Add Change Fittings button screen ES 0 in the Pipe pane to open the Pipe fitting friction coefficients Then 1 Click the Create new fitting button Clicking the Create new fitting button opens the Create new fitting section in the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen 100 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Pipe fitting friction coefficients Fittings on P1 Steel ANSI 4 ID 4 026 inch Pipe Id 1 Symbol Type Metric Imperial Description K valu
126. ed demand flow at the join point click the Edit button to open the Set Flow Demands screen 9 You can enter either an In Flow or an Out Flow demand at the join point on the Set Flow Demands screen Both Edit buttons in the Node pane open the Set Flow Demands screen Set Flow Demands Node 4 NA Additional Demand Flows In Flow 0 0000 TIP eser k Out Flow 2 62535 lPisec k UK Cancel Llear Figure 50 Set Flow Demands 10 Type the required flow rate for the fluid entering the system at the join point in the In Flow field Usually the out flow field should be set at zero 11 Type the required flow rate for the fluid leaving the system at the join point in the Out Flow field Usually the in flow field should be set at zero 12 Click OK to add the join point s demand flow 13 Type any applicable notes regarding the join point in the Notes field 14 To add additional join points to the system repeat Steps 3 12 90 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Pipes If you will be using the same type of pipe throughout the pipe system you can define the default pipe type and values for the system using the Default Values tab in the Configuration Options dialog When the default pipe values are set each time you add a pipe to the system the pipe type and values are automatically defined for the pipe You can customize the values for an individual pipe in the system by editing its values in the Pipe pane or in the
127. ed in fluid head This is the height of a column of fluid which would exert enough pressure on the fluid at the bottom of the column to make the fluid flow within the system If the level of fluid fluid head is increased in a supply container the volume of fluid entering the system from the supply container will increase due to the increase in pressure force 168 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Darcy Weisbach Formula Fluid head resistance can be calculated by using the Darcy Weisbach formula h fluid f L D x v 229 f friction factor L length of pipe work D inner diameter of pipe work v velocity of fluid g acceleration due to gravity Fluid head loss calculated by Pipe Flow Expert is based on the Darcy Weisbach formula Fitting Head Loss The fluid head resistance through various pipe work fittings can be calculated if the K factor of the fitting is known Many manufacturers of pipe work fittings and valves publish K factors for their products K Factor fitting head loss calculation Fluid head loss through fitting and valves can be calculated from A tuia K xv 2 29 K manufacturer s published K factor for the fitting v velocity of fluid g acceleration due to gravity In many systems where pipe lengths are relatively long the effect of the fitting losses may be considered to be minor losses and could be ignored during initial assessment If a partially open valve is part of the desig
128. eet in PDF format can also be produced This shows detailed information about the pump and provides a scalable high resolution image of the pump performance graph Upen Pump Database Add Pump to Database EN Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet The adjusted pump graph can be used in a Pipe Flow Expert system to model the complete performance of the pump over a range of speeds and impeller sizes G Pump Data e gt o gege A e ee a X File Edit Graph Qu lal amp fe bx D 5 Open Pump Database 9 Add Pump to Database ba Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet Details of pump on pipe 1 P1 Pump Performance Curve Pump Data Curve Predictions Adjust Flow v Head Curves User Defined Match v Additional Adjustments The pump model predictions can be adjusted Max Impeller Diameter Curve Move Head Curvature NPSH Maa E ye e and customised so that they match with the f Adjust inp 21922 ue data from a specific pump manufacturer s Min Impeller Diameter Curve Move Head Curvature Predicted ei AS Slax graphs in regard to l Adjust Predicted Efficiencies User Defined Match Efficiency 2 5 0 gt on max 1 Curve for Minimum Impeller Diameter z Adjust Predicted than min speed 2 Curve for Maximum Impeller Diameter Left Curvature Right Curvature Max Impeller Efficiency J j 3 Efficiency Curves Min Impeller Efficiency j j Min Flow Line gt 15 of max diam Adjust Values 15 of
129. elete in the Drawing pane and then click the Add Change Pump button 1 in the Pipe pane to open the Pump Data dialog 5 If you want to save and reuse the pump data for other pumps in the pipe system or future pipe systems be sure to click the Save To File button and save the pump data to a pfpm file before deleting the pump from the selected pipe 152 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 6 Click the Delete button 7 The message Are you sure you wish to delete the pump and all pump data from this pipe is displayed after clicking the Delete button 8 Click Yes 9 The pump icon and value are removed from the pipe in the Drawing pane Calculations and Results Once you have finished constructing a pipe system you can calculate and solve the system to determine whether the system is valid If the system is valid the calculated values for the system s flows and pressures are displayed in the Drawing pane and the Result tables The calculated values displayed in the Drawing pane are determined by the options selected on the Labelling and Units tab of the Configuration Options dialog The Results tables contain all of the calculated values for the whole pipe system including pipe data fitting data component data pump data fluid data and node data When you calculate a pipe system a log is generated and displayed in the Results Log dialog If a pipe system cannot be solved the log provides additional information and may
130. em and out of the system do not balance and or the pressure results throughout the system will not agree with the sum of the pressure drops through the individual pipes A balanced solution may not always be found if the system contains components which fight each other If a pump is placed in a pipeline the resultant effect of a change in flow rate will be the sum of the pipeline friction and the head added by the pump In some circumstances where a system includes a number of pumps the adjustment of the flow rate in one pipe pump combination will allow a disproportionate change in the flow rate in another pipe pump combination which might have a counter acting effect to the previous flow rate adjustment Thus the program would oscillate between two possible solutions neither of which will give a normally expected degree of accuracy It would normally be better to change the system design to overcome these sorts of problem rather than proceed with a design where it is difficult to predict an accurate result Note We recommend that you do not change these values unless it becomes necessary to solve a finally balanced system e Configuration Options Labelling Units Dpe Data Node Data Results Colors Calculations Calculation Settings Most systems will solve without any changes to these parameters However these values can be amended to change solution criteria or to adjust convergence properties System Calculation Tole
131. ency percentage and power for a specific flow rate type the flow rate in the Flow field above the graph drawing 6 Click the Calculate button Pump Data ger e e gem mmm e v File Edit Graph LU ka amp ba bx D Open Pump Database 9 Add Pump to Database bt Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet Details of pump on pipe 72 P72 Pump Performance Curve Pump Data Pump Catalog Manufacturer Type Motor rpm Pump Size Stages Note When the Pump s speed and impeller diameter are specified and they are not zero Notes Min Speed Max Speed 0 0 and the following are also specified Ei and they are not zero Min Impeller Max Impeller Min Speed O mm 0 mm Max Speed Min Impeller Diameter Speed 2350 Max Impeller Diameter Flow min Head m hd Fluid NPSHr Effie Power EW Diam 210 000 1600 53 621 3042 71 9 19 497 Calculate Graph Display Options D El Pump Curves 100 MM Y Design Curve MN Y Design Point E 7 Envelope WY System Curve Pret Op Static 0 00 m hd Additional Curves IM Y Efficiency M Y Power O Line MY NPSH Leo 4 Head m hd Fluid Vater 10 C Efficiency Graph Lines Y Grid Lines MM Min Flow Line O Standard Fine 0 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 Lg 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 AAA Imported Images Imported Logo Imported Curve Power Ku NPSHr m hd 900 1200 1500 1800 2100
132. epresents the approximate density of the gas at the outlet of the component after the additional pressure drop Pipe Flow Expert will calculate the pressure drop through the component valve for a particular flow at a given density as defined by the current fluid zone based on its Cv or Kv flow coefficient value If the fluid zone associated with the control valve does not represent the pressure condition at the outlet of the valve component it may be necessary to use an adjusted Cv or Kv value for valve selection to take in to account the effect of the gas expansion The adjusted Cv or Kv value should be based on the Cv or Kv formula for sub critical gas pressure drop See Calculation Theory and Methods of Solution section for further details about Cv and Kv flow coefficient calculations for systems where the fluid is a gas The Cv or Kv flow coefficient of a component valve is usually stated for the fully open flow condition The Cv or Kv flow coefficient will be less when the valve is partly closed In an actual system it is important to select a control valve which has an appropriate Cv or Kv flow coefficient for the actual valve position that will be used A control valve that is too small or too large will not be able to provide the correct control characteristics in a pipe system Most control valve manufactures recommend that you should select a valve where the required Cv or Kv value matches the given valve Cv or Kv
133. er to be familiar with good engineering practice and to use their own judgment about the accuracy of results for a system that contains a compressible fluid Considerations When Using Compressible Fluids The Pipe Flow Expert software is intended for general use with either liquids or gases subject to certain criteria for gas systems Pipe Flow Expert uses the Colebrook White equation to calculate friction factors Pipe Flow Expert uses the Darcy Weisbach equation to calculate friction loss in a pipe These equations assume a constant fluid density amp viscosity and they provide avery accurate solution when working with none compressible fluids liquids When using the software to model gas systems there are certain criteria that the model must operate within to ensure the solution is of acceptable accuracy Changes in pressure and temperature will affect the gas density and viscosity These property changes affect the actual pressure drop and are not automatically accounted for in the Darcy Weisbach equation therefore some limitations must be applied to ensure that the calculated results are within an acceptable accuracy Generally systems which involve gases fall into two categories Low pressure loss systems Where the pressure loss is less than 10 of the highest absolute pressure in the system if the pressure drop is calculated using the entering fluid density then good reliability of the results can be expected High pressure
134. es in the system The Selection Tool or the Individual Item Selection Option may be used to select a range of nodes on the drawing prior to opening the Node Updates tab Configuration Options Labelling Units Pipe Data Node Daa Results Colors Calculations Node Updates Adjust Node Data Copy Node Data to Selected Items 6 nodes selected Elevation 30 000 m Reservoir 4 Tank Elevation 45 720 m 2 Joint Elevation 45 720 m z Y Copy Node Elevation 3 Joint Elevation 45 720 m 4 Joint Elevation 45 720 m 1 2 N 3 N AN 5 N5 Joint Elevation 45 720 m GN 7 N 8 N ON e Copy Node Image 6 Joint Elevation 45 720 m 7 Joint Elevation 45 720 m 8 Joint Elevation 45 720 m Note image will not be copied to 7 tank amp end pressure nodes 7 9 Joint Elevation 57 912 m H Copy Image amp Elevation 10 N10 Joint Elevation 38 710 m 11 Reservoir B Tank Elevation 24 384 m 12 N12 Joint Elevation 24 384 m Additional Flows Note Mass flow unit allows copy 13 N13 Joint Elevation 24 384 m Gage in to different Fluid zones 14 N14 Joint Elevation 24 384 m 15 N15 Joint Elevation 24 384 m 0 0 kg sec eS Copy Demand Flow In 16 N16 Joint Elevation 24 384 m 17 N17 Joint Elevation 24 384 m Demand Out Y 18 N18 Joint Elevation 24 384 m 0 0 kg sec 7 e o Copy Demand Flow Out 20 Reservoir C Tank Elevation 33 528 m 21 N21 Joint Elevation 33 5
135. es in pipes pressure drop in pipes pressures at join points HGL hydraulic grade line elevations of tanks and nodes and fluid heads in the pipeline system Items are highlighted by clicking on an item in the drawing pane Data for the highlighted item is displayed in the hint pane Fluid Opens the Fluid menu select change fluid to open the Fluid data dialog Use the Fluid data dialog to define the fluid for the currently selected fluid zone Select other fluid menu options to change the fluid zone color or to create a new fluid zone or to delete a fluid zone Zoom Out Moves the focus of the pipe system out to see more of the drawing at a reduced size in the Drawing pane Zoom In Moves the focus of the pipe system in to get a close up view in the Drawing pane Move to Centre of Grid Centers the pipe system on the drawing grid Show Item Info Select the show information cursor Click an item in the Drawing pane to display its details in the Node pane Pipe pane or dialog associated with the selected component Pan the Drawing Select the move grid cursor Click in the Drawing pane and while holding down the left mouse button move the mouse to pan the drawing Drag and Move Items Highlights all items on the drawing Select a highlighted object and while holding down the left mouse button drag the object to its new position Add Tank Select the tank cursor Click where you want to add a tank in the Dra
136. eter creating a Pump Data Sheet Description Name of the pump drawing pane Elevation of the pump Choose symbol for the pump Enter flow rate to model a pump with a fixed flow rate Location of the pump from start of the pipe currently selected in the Enter a head or pressure to model the additional motive force from a pump Operating speed of a pump with a performance curve Set impeller diameter size amp units 46 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Flow Head Efficiency NPSHr From of BEP To of BEP Clear Pump Curve Delete Pump Cancel and Close Graph Options Draw Graph Save Pump to Pipe Pump Catalog Manufacturer Type Motor rpm Pump Size Stages Notes Min Speed Max Speed Min Impeller Max Impeller Speed rpm Diam Flow Head NPSHr Effic Power Calculate Button Logo Button Expand Button Flow rate values for operating range of pump Displayed in units selected from drop down list Head generated for each of the flow rate entries Displayed in units selected from drop down list Efficiency of the pump at each of the operating data points The Net Positive Suction Head requirement at the inlet of the pump for the flow rate value Start of preferred operating region End of preferred operating region Clear the pump data Remove the pump from the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane Close the dialog without saving any changes Opens additional graph opt
137. etric 51 Imperial St Description Double dick on a fitting item 100 mm e Standard Bend to add it to the pipe fittings Long Bend ni Pe Elbow 45 deg Calculate K value Return Bend La entrance rounded Mitre Bend 45 deg gt gradual enlargement Mitre Bend 90 deg Gate Valve Globe Valve EZ sudden enlargement Globe Valve Angled Ki sudden contraction Plug Make Straightway long pipe bend 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm BallFB 100 mm BallRB 100 mm LiftCh 100 mm AngleCh 100mm SwCh 100 mm gradual contraction Butterfly Valve Ball valve Full Bore Ball Valve Reduced Bore A Create new fitting Lift Check Valve 10 2000 Lift Check Valve Angled 0 9400 Swing Check Valve 2 0000 X Remove entry bri i ara ari ari ar ari ara ar ari ARA o ly A cy Ke Kal Ka D Ka Ka GI ES Figure 54 Pipe fitting friction coefficients database Select the nominal metric or imperial pipe size from the drop down listings to move to the required fitting sizes in the Fitting Database list Click on the Pipe Size link to show fitting which match the current pipe size If the fitting is not in the Fitting Database list click the Create new fitting button to add the new fitting to the list For more information about adding a fitting to the database see Adding a Fitting to the Database Double click on a fitting item to add
138. ever for more accurate modelling of pump performance it may be necessary to adjust the predicted shut off head curvature amp efficiency points for the predicted curves at the maximum and minimum impeller diameters The Adjust Pump Model button provides access to functionality that allows customization of the predicted pump performance curves Adjust Pump Model Calculations and Results 127 Pump Performance Curve Adjust Flow y Head Curves User Defined Match Additonal Adjustments Max Impeller Diameter Curve Move Head Curvature NPSH May Set S Min Impeller Diameter Curve E Move Head E Curvat Adust o in Impeller Diameter Curve Move Hea Curvature Predicted Hl gt um Rm i i iciencies User Defined Match Adjust Predicted Efficiencies ze UVenned Malc Efficiency E 5 0X gt onmas Let Curvature Right Curvature Adjust Predicted than min speed Mast Impeller Efficiency J J Min Impeller Efficiency J J Min Flow Line 20 of mas diam Adjust Values Update Individual Efficiency Points 20 of min diam The Adjust Flow v Head options can be used to adjust the shut off head amp the rate of curvature for the minimum amp maximum impeller diameter curves to match them to the published performance data The Adjust Predicted Efficiencies options allow the predicted efficiency values to be modified to match the published performance data Adjust Predicted Efficiencies User Defined Match
139. feature to selected items within the system is available in section Group updates on the drawing Inverted View of the Pipe System The drawing menu items provide an option to produce an Inverted View Up Down of the complete pipe system without making any changes to the pipe system components Where a system contains free text entries the starting positions of the free text is inverted but multiple lines of text still progress downwards line after line the user may have to re position the text as necessary Information about applying the invert feature to selected items within the system is available in section Group Updates on the Drawing Calculations and Results 141 System Amendments and Group Updates Making amendments to your system usually involves changing the diameter length or material of a pipe or group of pipes It may also involve changing the node elevations where the pipes are linked Amendments can be made in a number of ways a Use the Edit Grid to display filter and edit the data for Pipes Nodes and other items b Click on the pipe or node and update the entries shown on the Pipe Pane or the Node Pane c Set the Default Pipe data select a group of items to be amended or select a collection of individual items and then copy some or all of the Default Pipe attributes to the selected items Using the Edit Grid EDIT 1 Click the Edit Network Data tool button to display the Edit Grid 2 Choose a tab to di
140. fect on the flow conditions except to add a frictional loss through the valve In PipeFlow Expert this method of operation is detected and reported but the system is not solved because the differential pressure across the valve would have to be negative i e the valve would be acting like a pump rather than a pressure control Pipe Flow Expert will only solve a system when the BPV is operating in Regulating mode AVOIDING BPV OPERATION PROBLEMS In general BPV operation problems can be avoided by finding the valve s pressure regulating range and specifying the valve s set pressure to a value within this range such that the mode of operation is Regulating First solve the system without the BPV control and note the pressure at the node upstream of the pipe which previously contained the BPV This is the minimum pressure the BPV can be set to i e it is equivalent to finding the pressure at the valve outlet for the case where the valve is fully open Secondly solve the system after closing the pipe that contains the BPV and note the pressure at the node upstream of the closed pipe This is the maximum pressure the BPV can be set to i e it is equivalent to finding the pressure at the valve inlet for the case where the valve is fully closed 114 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Pumps A pump can be added to any pipe except a pipe that contains a control valve Options are provided to choose how the pump should be modeled e A Fixed Fl
141. fitting Click OK to add the symbol to the Symbol field and close the Choose symbol screen The Type field defaults to the type of fitting associated with the Calculated K value button selected To edit the fitting type type the fitting type name in the Type field The Metric and Imperial fields default to NVA for fittings with a calculated K value The user can select the nominal metric or imperial pipe size from the drop down listings if appropriate Type a description of the fitting in the Description field Click the Save this fitting data to list button to add the fitting to the fitting database and Fitting Database list If you want to add the fitting to the pipe instead of the fitting database Click the Add this fitting to pipe button to add the new fitting to the pipe The new fitting is displayed in the Fittings on section of the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen Calculations and Results 103 1 Select the quantity of the fitting you are adding to the pipe from the fitting s Qty list in the Fittings on section 2 Click Save to add the fitting to the pipe and to close the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog Components Certain components such as strainers boilers heat exchanges manifolds etc cause a pressure loss in a system In Pipe Flow Expert you can enter two types of pressure loss for components fixed pressure loss or pressure loss specified by a data curve Pressure loss for components ar
142. g Close the pipes selected in the listing Close the configuration options pipe updates tab Node Updates Tab Configuration Options Labeling Units Pipe Data Node Updates Adjust Node Data Elevation 30 000 m Additional Flows Demand In Demand Out Copy Node Data to Selected Items t Copy Mode Elevation Copy Mode Image Mote image will not be copied to tank amp end pressure nodes H Copy Image amp Elevation Mote Pass Flow unit allows copy to different fluid zones 0 0 kg sec Copy Demand Flow In 0 0 kg sec a Copy Demand Flow Dut Mode Data Rezervor A Tank Elevation 45 720 m NA Joint N3 Joint NA Joint ND Joint NG Joint HF Joint Calculations and Results Results Colors Calculations 6 nodes selected Elevation 45 720 m Elevation 45 720 m Elevation 45 720 m Elevation 45 720 m Elevation 45 720 m Elevation 45 720 m NG Joint Elevation 45 720 m NO Joint Elevation 57 912 m N10 Joint Reservoir B Tank Elevation 24 384 m N12 Joint NT3 Joint N14 Joint NIT Joint H16 Joint NT Jont NI Joint g H19 Joint Reservoir E Tank Elevation 33 528 m NA Joint N22 Joint N23 Joint N24 Joint HUE Lait II Elevation 38 710 mi Elevation 24 384 m Elevation 4 384 m Elevation 24 384 m Elevation 24 384 m Elevation 2
143. g The icon size can be selected from a range of scales The image you select does not affect any of the tank s 5 properties or values The surface pressure of the fluid in the tank expressed in the units displayed The amount of fluid above the tank exit point expressed in the units displayed The elevation at the exit point of the tank expressed in the units displayed Notes about the node currently selected in the Drawing pane Notes can be up to 200 characters 32 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide End Pressure Data Node ad Lo As Type End Pressure con Pressure 2 3000 psig Elevation 3500 f Figure 14 End Pressure Node Pane Feature Description Node The name of the node currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the Node field to edit the node name Node Id List Use the Node Drop Down List to select a node or to scroll through each of the nodes in the pipe system Type End Pressure The type of node currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the Type field to modify the node type There are three types of nodes join point tank or demand pressure End Pressure Type End Pressure Icon Displays the image representing the selected demand pressure in the Drawing pane Use the Icon button to select the end pressure image you want displayed on the pipe system drawing The icon size can be selected from a range of scales The image you select does not affect any of the demand 7 pressure s propert
144. g 64 Saving a screen image 67 saving as an enhanced metafile 67 saving results 161 sending via e mail 65 tanks 86 view whole of the pipe sytem 139 viewing 138 viewing results 160 Pipe System deleting a group of items 149 pipe systems creating 62 PipeFlow com contacting 15 188 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide pipes adding 90 adding a pipe 90 adding materials to the database 93 adding sizes to the database 93 closing a pipe 94 deleting 148 Preventing backflow in a pipe 96 reversing pipe flow 94 Use as default pipe feature 96 Using the pipe sub menu while drawing 95 pressure reducing valves 180 adding 111 understanding 111 printing pipe systems 65 Properties of Mixed Fluids 82 PRV adding 109 Pump Data 45 pumps adding 114 adding Fixed Flow Rate 115 adding Fixed Head Pump 117 adding Fixed Speed Pump Curve 118 deleting 151 working with the pump curve graph 120 Pumps Browse Database 130 example pumps 131 Fixed flow rate 183 Fixed Head Pressure Rise Pumps 183 Import curve image 122 Performance Curve 182 Predicted Performance Data 126 Search Database 129 Variable Speed and Change to Impeller Size 125 redo function 148 Registration and Licensing Information 13 results calculating 152 154 configuring 158 exporting 162 saving 161 viewing 160 Results Colors Selection 78 Results Colors Tab 56 Results dialog 152 Results Printing using PDF Report 165 Results ta
145. g Tools License Documentation Help B E kdg g Zone 1 Water 62 428 ba at 0 Opsi g 50 F Imperial Metric Type Join Point Elevation of Join nl ft Demands In ol US gpm Demands Out ol US gpm Notes fa Ape Name a Lenath 0 ft Internal Diameter Ol inch Roughness 0 inch 150 LABEL 423 PIPE Results Sheet Results PDF Show Log General_07_Pressurised_Pum x Le quero Y me o ros olor of Pipe PZ feet MECH ROCHET WEE AE C of Pipe Flow Rate in US gpm General Pressurised Pumping Stations P3 f 132 58 N3 150 0ft D 6 1438 psi q Ki 95 ZL bd a P1 f 265 122 2 150 0ft a gt w w o Reservoir A 150 0ft 0 0 psi g 15 0ft 6 5029 psi g IF ZELS Gd NG 150 0ft 6 1438 psi g Pump station No 1 at 150 ft elevation N13 80 0ft 3 9765 psi g 2 a P11 f 114 99 Reservoir B 80 0ft 0 0 psi g 10 0ft 4 3353 psi g N16 80 0ft 3 9930 psi g N5 150 0ft 63 0859 psi g N4 150 0ft 63 0914 psi g opi NS 190 0ft pa 37 0282 psi g P8 f 285 12 N8 150 0ft 62 9901 psi g N7 150 0ft 63 0914 psi g N10 127 0ft 53 8038 psi P13 f 114 99 N14 80 0ft y E 77 2544 psi g EI N27 110 0ft 58 2917 psi g Pipe 19 P19 Flow 114 99 US gpm Mass Flow 959 6318 Ib min Velocity 4 236 ft sec Length 360 000 ft Inner Diam 3 330 inch S z E 2 N12 80 0ft P18 f 114 99 3 9930 psi g N
146. g the total out flow from each join point The initial flow estimates are unlikely to give a balanced pressure result over the whole system and must be further refined using an iterative approach to adjust the flow rates until an approximate pressure balance is achieved Pipe Flow Expert defines the elements of the pipeline system in a series of matrix equations and uses the Newton method to adjust the estimates for the flow rate in each pipe Once an approximate solution has been obtained the results are refined using a variation of the Newton method to ensure convergence until a balanced pressure result is obtained The results of the flow rates for each pipe the fluid velocities for each pipe Reynolds numbers friction factors friction pressure losses for each pipe fittings pressure losses pressure at join points nodes HGL hydraulic grade line pump operating points and more can be viewed on the drawing and on the results grid Minimum Operating System Requirements Pipe Flow Expert has been designed to work on the following operating systems Microsoft Windows 8 all versions except RT used on ARM based tablets Microsoft Windows 7 all versions Microsoft Windows Vista all versions Microsoft Windows XP all versions It is recommended that your computer system has at least the following minimum specification e Processor 1 00 GHz Intel Pentium or similar e Memory 1 0 GB of RAM e Display Color Monitor wi
147. ge Fittings button pO in the Pipe pane to open the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen Click the Calculate K value button that represents the fitting you are adding Clicking one of the Calculate K value buttons opens the Create new fitting section in the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen and the K value calculation screen for the selected button For example if you selected the sudden contraction button the Sudden contraction K value calculation screen opens 102 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Sudden contraction K value K value to be included on the larger pipe H a 2 00 SS d 1 00 Based on velocity in larger diameter pipe K 6 00 Create new fitting Figure 57 Sudden Contraction K value Enter the applicable values in the K value calculation screen Click the Calculate button to calculate the fitting s K value The calculated K value is displayed in the K value dialog When you have the desired K value click the Create new fitting button to close the K value calculation screen and add the calculated K value to the K value field in the Create new fitting section in the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog The Symbol field defaults to the symbol on the Calculated K value button you selected To change the symbol representing the fitting click the Change button to open the Choose symbol screen Select the symbol you want to represent the
148. ge title and click the Print button to print the image currently visible in the Drawing pane Create PDF of System Drawing Produces a high resolution PDF of the system drawing including items which may be currently off screen Toggle Isometric Grid Switch to Isometric Drawing Grid or back to Standard Grid Choose Labelling Opens the Labelling tab of the Configurations Options dialog Use the Labelling tab to define how the pipe system is labelled in the Drawing pane Choose Units Opens the Units tab of the Configurations Options dialog Use the Units tab to define the units for each element of the pipe system Set Pipe Default Drawing Values Opens the Pipe Settings tab of the Configurations Options dialog Use the Pipe Settings tab to define the pipe default values for drawing or to copy some of the pipe attributes to selected pipes in the system Network Grid View Opens a grid to display details of pipes tanks end pressures and nodes The data displayed in the grid may be edited to change the network data Any changes are applied immediately to the drawing Fluid lo sl alle lo Leila al d A Calculations and Results 27 The Hint pane displays tips for using the button currently selected on the tool bar The Hint pane displays tips for the following buttons LG O maes daa amp oa In Results mode the Hint pane is used to display information about the flow rates in pipes velociti
149. ghlight items on the Results Screen Sample Gradients ES TN Low Color Middle Color High Color Cancel Figure 29 Configuration Options Results Colors tab Feature Use Design Colors Use Color Gradient Determine Results Colors based on a Chosen Category Sample Gradients Low Color Middle Color High Color OK Cancel Description Select option to display results according to the chosen color gradient Select a results category to be displayed using the chosen color gradient Select a color gradient to be used on the results screen Select customized colors to generate a user defined color gradient Close the results colors tab Close the results colors tab and revert to the previous selection Calculations Tab Configuration Options Labelling Calculation Settings Units Calculations and Results 57 Pipe Data Mode Data Results Colors Calculations Most systems will solve without any changes to these parameters However these values can be amended to change solution criteria or to adjust convergence properties System Calculation Tolerances Loop Balance Final Pressure Tolerance Loop Balance Initial Pressure Tolerance Flow Balance Final Tolerance Calculation Iteration Parameters Max Iterations for Approsimate Solution 200 May Iterations to find Final Solution Final lkerations Delta Reduction Factor Min Velochu for Discharge Estimates Max Velocity for Discharg
150. hange Pump button opens the Pump Data screen The values for Distance Along Pipe and at Elevation fields should be entered by the user Click the Pump Scroll Up or Scroll Down button to select the pump symbol you want displayed on the pipe system drawing The image you select does not affect any of the pump s properties or values Use the Pump Data screen to choose the Pump Type to be modelled and to define the properties of the pump Adding a Fixed Flow Rate Pump This pump type is used to specify the pump flow rate for a positive displacement pump such as a piston pump or a peristaltic pump The system will be solved and the required head from the pump will be calculated If the performance curve for a pump is not available this pump type can also be used to establish the flow head requirements for a centrifugal pump Setting the pump to a particular flow rate allows the system to be solved and the required pump head is then calculated A user can select a centrifugal pump that meets the flow and head requirement after which chosen pump s flow head performance data can be entered and the system re solved to find the exact operating point on the pump curve 116 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide See the note about limitations of a fixed flow rate pump option To model a fixed flow rate pump condition 1 Add a pump to a pipe as described in the previous Adding a Pump section 2 Ensure that the distance along the pipe and a
151. he fluid database 1 Click the Fluid button _ Fluid on the tool bar and select Change Fluid from the pop up menu to open the Fluid database 2 Click the Add new fluid data button 3 Clicking the Add new fluid data button opens the Add fluid data section in the Fluid data screen 4 Type the fluid s name in the Name field 5 Type the fluid s formula in the Formula field 6 Type the fluid s temperature in the Temperature field 7 Type the fluid s density in the Density field 8 Type the fluid s viscosity centipoise in the Viscosity Centipoise field 9 Type the fluid s vapor pressure in the Vapour Press field 10 If the fluid s state is gas select the Gas check box in the State field 11 Leave the Gas check box blank if the fluid s state is liquid 12 Click Save to save the new fluid data to the database and the Fluid Properties Database list Calculations and Results 85 Adding Gas Data to the Fluid Database If the fluid you are using in the pipe system is one of the most common gases the viscosity and density of the gas at various temperatures and pressures can be calculated To add new gas data to the fluid database 1 Click the Fluid data button Fluid on the tool bar and select Change Fluid from the pop up menu to open the Fluid Data dialog 2 Choose the All Fluids or Gases option to display the Calculate Gas Data button 3 Click the Calculate Gas Data button to display the P
152. he pipe system to where you want to move it Release the left mouse button when you are done moving or panning the pipe system The pan function can also be accessed by clicking in white space when either the Show mode or the Move mode has been selected 140 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Finding a Pipe or a Node Finding a pipe or a node on a large system schematic is made easy by selection of the item from the drop down selection boxes on the Pipe Pane and the Node Pane This allows a selection of a specific pipe or node and it will then be highlighted on the drawing 1 Mode 1 Fipe 2 Jode 2 Fipe 3 Node 3 Fipe 4 Node 4 Fipe 5 Node 5 Fipe 6 Node E Fipe 7 Node Fipe 8 Node E Pipe 3 Mode 3 Pipe 10 Mode 10 Pipe 11 Node 11 Pipe 12 7 Mode 14 H the drawing scale is too small to see the pipe or node location the zoom button ey can be used to display the selected pipe or node in the visible drawing window at an increased scale Mirror View of the Pipe System The drawing menu items provide an option to produce a Mirror View Left Right of the complete pipe system without making any changes to the pipe system components Where a system contains free text entries the starting position of the free text is mirrored but the direction of the text is not changed the user may have to re position the text as necessary Information about applying the mirror
153. he pressure required at an end node however a node cannot have both a demand flow and a demand pressure A demand in flow is the volume of fluid required to enter the system at a join point A demand out flow is the volume of fluid required to leave the system at a join point Demand flows may also be used to specify the required flow rate at the end of a pipe where fluid is flowing out of the system or to specify the flow rate at the end of a pipe where fluid is entering the system pipe can have a demand flow or a demand pressure at the end of a pipe but it cannot have both Demand flows can be added to a join point from the Node pane or the Drawing pane Demand flow values are set on the Set Flow Demands dialog The demand flows are then shown at the appropriate node on the Drawing pane NOTE Be sure to enter the value for the required fluid flow rate in the units displayed next to the field For example if you are using imperial units and ff sec for cubic feet per second is displayed next to the In Flow and Out Flow fields enter the value in cubic feet per second Adding a Demand Flow at a join point To add a demand flow to a join point in the pipe system 1 2 Click the Add Demand Flow button Le on the tool bar When you click the Add Demand Flow button the demand flow symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane Click on the join point on the Drawing pane where you
154. heet Results PDF Show Log Pressurised_Pumping_Stations S Energy_Recovery_With_Turbine Chiled_Water_Campus_Cooling p Fire_Protection_Sprinklers pfe Ro E a ao PRG Alias ALS ST xl o e Tabbed Sheets work just like Tabs in an Internet Browser e Tabbed Sheets work in both Design View and Results Mode e Switch between different system models with a single click Calculations and Results 147 e Easy to design view and compare results across multiple models e Easy to copy sections of drawings between different system models e Easy to demonstrate and review results for altered designs Rotating Selected Items The Selection tool button E allows a group of nodes and pipes to be selected as described in the previous section It is possible to use the options on the edit menu to rotate the selected group either 90 degrees clockwise or 90 degrees anticlockwise The mirror or invert features can also be applied to the selected group The Mirror Selection button ma can be used to mirror the selected group The Invert Selection button a can be used to invert the selected group Pipe Flow Expert does not allow one node to be placed over the top of another node or over the top of an un related pipe This restriction is applied to prevent confusion When the rotated or mirrored or inverted group are added back to the drawing the action may be disallowed if the above conditions apply The selected group will have to be re positio
155. ield 9 If the default pipe type and values for the system are defined on the Default Values tab in the Configuration Options dialog you are done adding the pipe 10 The pipe type default length internal diameter and roughness values are displayed in the Pipe pane 11 If the default pipe values are not being used for the pipe continue with Steps 12 to 25 12 Type the length of the pipe into the Length field 13 Click the Material button Calculations and Results 91 14 Clicking the Material button opens the Pipe diameter database A list of all the pipe 15 16 Je 18 Pipe diameter data materials available in the pipe database are displayed in the Choose new pipe material list Pipe Id 10 Stainless Steel ANSI Schedule Class Internal Roughness inch 0 001811 Nominal Size Internal Diam inch Wall Thick Outside Diam Weight inch inch Ibs ft 6 065 Choose new pipe material Material DVC AWWA DVC AWWA DVC AWWA DVC AWWA PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PC Iron pipe size PYC Sewer pipe PYC Sewer pipe Stainless Steel ANSI Stainless Steel ANSI Stainless Steel ANSI 0 280 19 185 Internal Vol Surface Area fe 100 ft fz 100 ft 20 0627 173 4421 Double dick on the material list to select a new pipe material Schedule Class
156. ies or values Pressure The required pressure for the end pressure expressed in the units displayed Elevation of Pressure Point The elevation of the end pressure expressed in the units displayed Notes Notes about the node currently selected in the Drawing pane Notes can be up to 200 characters Join Point Data Feature Node Identification Number Node Type Join Point Type Join Point Icon Elevation of Join Point Demande In at Join Point Demands Out at Join Point Edit buttons Join Point Notes Calculations and Results 33 Node 3 H Hi Type Join Point Elevation of Join 0 000 ft Demands In 0 00 US gpm a Edit Demands Out 0 00 US gpm gt y Edit Figure 15 Join Point Node Pane Description Use the Node Drop Down List to select a node or to scroll through each of the nodes in the pipe system The name of the node currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the Node field to edit the node name The type of node currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the Type field to modify the node type There are three types of nodes join point tank or demand pressure End Pressure Displays the image representing the join point in the Drawing pane Use the Icon button to select the join point image you want displayed on the pipe system drawing The icon size can be selected from a range of scales The image you select does not affect any of the joint point m properties or value
157. ile Edit Graph Uu k Ss E bx Ph Open Pump Database Add Pump to Database EN Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet Details of pump on pipe 1 P1 Pump Performance Curve Pump Data Curve Predictions Pump Catalog Manufacturer Type Motor mm Pump Size Stages The pump model predictions can be adjusted 0 0 and customised so that they match with the Notes Min Speed Max Speed data from a specific pump manufacturer s graphs in regard to g 1800 rpm 3600 rpm Min Impeller Max Impeller 1 Curve for Minimum Impeller Diameter 5 000 inch 8 000 inch 2 Curve for Maximum Impeller Diameter 3 Efficiency Curves Speed 3450 Flow US gpm HeadfthdFluid NPSHr Effic Power gt Adjust Pump Model _ More Info Diam 6 500 Calculate Preferred Operating region between 0 00 and 0 00 US gpm Graph Display Options Pump Curves WV Design Curve BY Design Point E 7 Envelope MM Y System Curve E E Pref Op Static 0 00 ft hd Additional Curves MM Y Efficiency Power Line Ml VH O lso O 5 Graph Lines V Grid Lines MM 4 Min Flow Line Standard O Fine 70 Head ft hd Fluid Mater 68 F Imported Images D g 35 Imported Logo V Imported Curve 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 Save Cancel Flow US gpm Fade Imported Image 1 Figure 67 Pump Initial Affinity Predictions In many cases the predicted performance curves will agree closely with a pump manufacturer s published graph how
158. ile Units il E De Dal Pipes Fittings Pumps Nodes Fluids Pipe Materials Energy Al Results Pipe ld 7 Material Inner Diameter Roughness Length TI TotalK 1 Mass Flow Flow TI Velocity imch Inch ft Dzer US gpm Wee EAN 3 Steel 3 068 0 001811 100 000 0 7500 27 6349 193908 6 640 CN 3 Steel 3 068 0 001811 100 000 0 3600 18 6121 134 08 3 Steel A Eo o 2 Steel 2 067 0 001811 5 000 1 1400 96250 63 34 6 630 Bb 2 Steel 067 0 001811 A 000 0 500 8 9871 Ed Fd 6 190 Figure 31 Results tables 60 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Feature File menu Units menu Save button Export to Excel button Choose Units Pipes tab Fittings tab Pumps tab Nodes tab Fluids tab Pipe Materials tab Energy tab All Results tab Description Select an option to save results in Excel format or to export the results to a new Excel spreadsheet Select option to display the results in Imperial Metric or selected units Save the results data in Excel format Start Excel and display the results data in a new Excel spreadsheet Select option to display the results in Imperial Metric or selected units Display the information about the pipes in the system Display the information about the valves and fittings in the system Display the information about the pumps in the system Display the information about the nodes in the system Display the information about the
159. in point causes the pipe to be split you will have to manually reset the pipe details for each section of pipe Once join points are added you can define the fitting s used at each join point and the other fittings along the pipes in the pipe system NOTE Be sure to enter the values for the join point s properties in the units displayed next to the field For example if you are using imperial units and ft for feet is displayed next to the Elevation of Join field enter the elevation in feet Adding a Node To add a join point node to the pipe system 1 Click the Add Join Point button el on the tool bar 2 When you click the Add Join Point button the join point symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 3 Click on the place on the Drawing pane where you want to add a join point 4 The join point is added to the system and is selected on the Drawing pane Define the join point s name elevation and volume demand in and or demand out in the Node pane Node 3 d N3 Type Join Pont Elevation of Join 0 000 ft Demands In 0 00 US gpm ye Edit Demands Out 0 00 US gpm Ja Edit Motes Figure 49 Node Pane for Join Points 5 Type the join point s name in the Node field 6 Join Pointis automatically selected in the Type list Calculations and Results 89 7 Type the elevation of the join point in the Elevation of Join field 8 Ifthe system has a requir
160. in the Drawing pane 3 Draw a box around the node or group of components you want to view in the Drawing pane 7 Calculations and Results 139 To draw a box click where you want to start the box in the Drawing pane and hold down the left mouse button then drag the mouse until you have drawn the box Release the left mouse button Click the selected area L Zoom Tool Button located among the Selection Tool Buttons The selected area will be displayed in the center of the drawing pane If no selection has been made the selection zoom tool button will increase the display by one scale increment Viewing the whole System in the Drawing Pane To view the whole of a pipework system click the Zoom Drawing to fit Screen button on the tool bar to fit the system in the visible Drawing pane Panning a System in the Drawing Pane The pan function in Pipe Flow Expert provides the ability to move an entire pipe system in the Drawing pane without making any changes to the pipe system components or to pan a pipe system to quickly view different areas of the system in the Drawing pane To move or pan a pipe system in the Drawing pane 4 O Click ne LO Pan the drawing button on the tool bar When you click the Pan the drawing button the hand symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane Click and hold down the left mouse button anywhere in the Drawing pane Drag t
161. indow is opened 3 Navigate the folder hierarchy as required 4 Enter the filename that the image should be saved as 5 Click on Save to store a jpeg image of the drawing Saving a Drawing to an EMF Image To save the current drawing as an Enhanced Metafile Image 1 Click on the File Menu and select gt Save Screen as EMF Metafile 2 A save file dialog window is opened 3 Navigate the folder hierarchy as required 4 Enter the filename that the image should be saved as 5 Click on Save to store a enhanced metafile image of the drawing Emailing a Screen Image To email the current image displayed in the drawing pane 1 Click on the File Menu and select Email Screen Image 2 Your default email client will be opened with an attached jpeg image named PFElmg jpg 3 Fill in the normal email details i e the to address etc 4 Click to send your email as normal 68 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide System Options Pipe Flow Expert can be configured and set up to suit the users working preferences The labelling on the drawing can be configured so that specific items can be included or excluded as required The units in which to display lengths diameters head loss velocity etc can be chosen The details of a default pipe can be chosen and these details will be used to draw any new pipes The calculation tolerances can be changed if necessary however in most cases these values should be left unchanged Most
162. ing tanks see Adding a Tank 3 Add the applicable join points to the system For more information about adding join points see Adding a Node Join Point 4 Add the applicable pipes to the system For more information about adding pipes see Adding a Pipe 5 Add the applicable pumps to the system For more information about adding pumps see Adding a Pump 6 Add the applicable fittings to the system For more information about adding fittings see Adding Fittings and Valves 7 Add the applicable component pressure losses to the system For more information about adding component pressure losses see Adding a Component 8 Add the applicable control valves to the system Flow Control Valves Pressure Reducing Valves or Back Pressure Valves can be used in the system For more information about adding control valves see Adding a Control Valve 64 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 9 Add the applicable demand flows to the system For more information about adding demand flows see Adding a Demand Flow 10 Add the applicable demand pressures to the system For more information about adding demand pressures see Adding a Demand Pressure 11 Calculate and solve the pipe system s flow and pressure For more information about calculating and solving see Calculating and Solving the System Saving a System When you save a pipe system in Pipe Flow Expert a pfe file is generated that is used exclusively with Pipe Flow Expert All th
163. ion 159 Configuration Options Dm Labeling Units Pipe Data Node Data If Results Colors Calculations Drawing Options Pipes Pipe Results E Show Name Show Pipet Show Flow Hate Show Mass Flow Show Diameter 4 Component Name O Show Velocity Show Length M Flow Control Mame O Show dP Total Pressure Drop Fittings Fitting Results IM Show Valves IW Show Bends e Do Not Show on drawing Show Total K Value O Show Pressure Loss through fittings Pumps when moving position on pipe Pump Results Show Pump Name Do Not Show on drawing W Show Distance on Pipe O Show Pump Head Show Elevation Show NPSH available Nodes Node Results Wf Show Name Show Modet 5 Do Not Show on drawing C Show Elevation o Show Pressure at Mode Show Tank Info Cancel Figure 79 Configuration Options dialog Labelling tab 2 Click one of the labelling options in the Pipe Results Fitting Results Pump Results and Node Results sections to determine which of the pipe system s calculation results are displayed in the Drawing pane 3 Click OK to close the Configuration Options dialog and apply your changes to the results displayed in the Drawing pane To reconfigure the units used in a pipe system and its calculated results 1 Click the Choose Units button EI in the Results dial
164. ions customization dialog Allows creation of additional data curves and adjustment of Iso efficiency lines See later section about Pumps for further details Draw a pump graph based on entered data points Add the pump to the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane The name of the pump catalog The name of the pump manufacturer The type of pump The motor speed The pump size reference The number of pump stages Notes about the pump Notes can be up to 200 characters The minimum operating speed of the pump The maximum operating speed of the pump The minimum impeller diameter for the pump The maximum impeller diameter for the pump Operating speed of the pump impellor diameter for the duty curve The diameter of the pump impeller in the units shown The flow rate of the pump duty point in the units shown The head produced by the pump at the duty point in the units shown The Net Positive Suction Head requirement at the inlet of the pump for the flow rate at the duty point The pump efficiency at the duty point The shaft power required at the duty point Click to calculate the duty point details for an entered flow rate or head requirement Add a logo to the pump graph image Expand graph to show in full window Calculations and Results 47 Drawing Pane a vd NT 200 Om 0 0bar 9 0 0m fluid 50 000 sec 80 000 Vzec PS L b Dm Pipe 3 L 500 0m Pipe 6 L 500 0m NS 200 Om
165. it to the pipe fittings The selected fitting is displayed in the Fittings on section of the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen Select the quantity of the fitting you are adding to the pipe from the fitting s Qty list in the Fittings on section To add additional fittings to the pipe repeat Steps 12 14 Click Save to add the fitting to the pipe and to close the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen Include iar F When one or more fittings are added to a pipe the Include check box LESI 2 M1 Is displayed and selected next to the Add Change Fittings button When the Include check box is selected Pipe Flow Expert includes the data from the fittings on the pipe in the calculations for solving the pipe system To remove the fittings data from the calculations clear the Include check box Information about calculating and solving pipe systems is available in Section Calculating the System Flow and Pressure Calculations and Results 99 Adding a Fitting to the Database If the fitting you are adding on a pipe does not exist in the fitting database you can quickly add the fitting to the database and or pipe by clicking the Create new fitting button or by clicking one of the Calculate K value buttons in the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog Adding a fitting involves selecting a fitting from the fitting database or selecting one of the buttons that represent the fitting from the Calculated K value s
166. l K Value Show Bends Show Pump Name Show Distance on Pipe Show Elevation Pump Show Name Node Show Elevation Node Show Tank Info Show Node Pipe Results Show Flow Rate Show Mass Flow Show Velocity Show Total Pressure Drop Fitting Results Do Not Show on drawing Show Pressure Loss through fittings Pump Results Do Not Show on drawing Show Pump Head Show NPSH available Node Results Do Not Show on drawing Show Pressure at Node OK Cancel Description Show name of the pipe on the drawing Show diameter of the pipe on the drawing Show length of the pipe on the drawing Show the pipe number on the drawing Show component name on the drawing Show flow control name on the drawing Show valve symbol on the drawing if valve is present on pipe Show total K value on the drawing for all fittings on the pipe Show bend symbol on the drawing if bend is present on pipe Show pump name on the drawing Show the pump position along pipe on the drawing Show the pump elevation on the drawing Show the name of node on the drawing Show the node elevation on the drawing Show the Tank Information on the drawing Show the pipe number on the drawing Show the volume flow rate on drawing Show the mass flow rate on drawing Show the fluid velocity on the drawing Show the total pressure drop of the pipe the fittings and the component on the drawing Do not show the total pressure drop of the fittings
167. le button and save the Calculations and Results 151 pressure loss data to a pfco file before deleting the component pressure loss from the selected pipe 6 Click the Delete button 7 The message Are you sure you wish to delete the component and its data from this pipe is displayed after clicking the Delete button 8 Click Yes 9 The component pressure loss icon and values are removed from the pipe in the Drawing pane Deleting a Control Valve To delete a control valve from a pipe system 1 Click the Show Item Info button a on the tool bar 2 Click the flow control symbol Sieg on the pipe containing the flow control that you want to delete in the Drawing pane 3 Clicking the control valve symbol opens the Control Valve Data dialog 4 You can also select the pipe containing the control valve that you want to delete in the Drawing pane and then click the Add Change Control Valve button Sc in the Pipe pane to open the Control Valve Data dialog 5 Click the Delete button 6 The control valve icon and value are removed from the pipe in the Drawing pane Deleting a Pump To delete a pump from a pipe system 1 Click the Show Item Info button a on the tool bar 2 Click the pump symbol on the pipe containing the pump that you want to delete in the Drawing pane 3 Clicking the pump symbol opens the Pump Data dialog 4 You can also select the pipe containing the pump that you want to d
168. lected Pipe Flow Expert includes the data from the flow controls on the pipe in the calculations for solving the pipe system To remove the flow control data from the calculations clear the Include check box Information about calculating and solving pipe systems is available in Section Calculating the System Flow and Pressure Adding a Flow Control Valve A flow control valve determines the required flow rate for the fluid in a pipe 1 Open the Set Control Data dialog as described in the previous section 2 Click the flow control valve FCV radio button 3 Type the name of the flow control valve in the Control Name field Calculations and Results 111 4 Select the appropriate units of flow from the drop down list 5 Type the required flow rate for the fluid in the pipe in the Set Flow field 6 Enter the allowable differential pressure range for the valve operation if appropriate 7 Click OK to add the flow control valve to the pipe NOTE The flow control valve FCV introduces an additional pressure loss in the pipe to control the flow to the value specified by the user The additional pressure loss is reported in the results tables Using the flow rate and the additional pressure loss the user can calculate the Cv or Kv value for a suitable valve which will allow the flow to be controlled at the required flow rate The flow control valve FCV cannot introduce a negative pressure loss The FCV would need to act as pump to ad
169. leration due to gravity in meters sec When a pipe diameter is known it is possible to establish a flow velocity from the Kv flow coefficient in m hr for a 1 bar pressure drop Thus it is possible to calculate an equivalent fitting K factor which will produce the same pressure loss as the control valve Kv rating Pipe Flow Expert uses the equivalent fitting K factor method to model the flow and pressure loss through a control valve where a Kv flow coefficient is used to specify the control valve characteristics A change to the pipe diameter would result in a change the matching equivalent fitting K factor Pipe Flow Expert re calculates the equivalent fitting K factor for the current pipe diameter and the fluid density at the start of the solution calculation The calculation helper provided on the Kv component dialog uses the flow rate and pressure loss entered by the user together with the current fluid density to calculate a Kv value to match the specified requirements 1 000 Kv 1 156 Cv The user should be aware that the Cv or Kv flow coefficient specifies the flow rate of water for a particular pressure loss When the fluid density is greater or less than water a different flow rate will be required to produce a 1 00 psi or a 1 bar pressure loss through the valve CAUTIONS Choked Flow If the fluid is a gas and the pressure drop exceeds 50 of the inlet pressure to the valve the flow will become choked and i
170. ll Thick Outside Diam Weight Internal Yol Surface Area Save Pipe inch inch inch Ibs ft fe 100 ft fe 100 ft 8 8405 117 8097 Cancel 4 Transfer Selected Size Steel ANSI Sch 40 IR 0 001811 inch Als Nominal Size Internal Diam Wall Thick Outside Diam Weight Internal vol Surface rea Metric Imperial inch inch inch Ibs ft fe 100 ft fe 100 ft 1 8 0 269 0 068 0 405 0 245 0 0395 10 6029 fal Change Material 144 0 364 0 088 0 540 0 425 0 0723 14 1372 3 8 0 493 0 091 0 675 0 568 0 1326 17 6715 1 2 0 622 0 109 0 840 0 852 0 2110 21 9911 0 824 0 113 1 050 1 132 0 3703 27 4889 1 049 0 133 1 315 1 681 0 6002 34 4266 1 380 0 140 1 660 2 275 1 0387 43 4587 1 610 0 145 1 900 2 721 1 4138 49 7419 2 067 0 154 2 375 3 657 2 3303 62 1774 2 469 0 203 2 875 5 799 3 3248 75 2673 3 068 0 216 3 500 7 584 5 1338 91 6298 104 7198 13 8929 145 6390 LE Add New Size 20 0627 173 4421 34 7410 225 8020 X Remove Entry Figure 39 Pipe Diameter Data Pipe Sizes 2 Select the applicable pipe size from the list 3 Ifthe pipe size is not in the list click the Add new size button to add the new size to the list For more information about adding a pipe size see Adding Pipe Size Data to the Database Section Creating a Pipe System 4 Click the Transfer Selected Size button or double click the row containing the size The selected size is displayed below the pipe material in th
171. ll through each of the nodes in the pipe system Click the zoom button next to the drop down Node ld list to redisplay the drawing with the Al selected node at the center of the visible drawing area The Node pane is also used to enter and edit the specific details for the selected node The values and units displayed in the node pane are determined by the units selected on the Units tab in the Configuration Options dialog The selected units can also be switched on mass between a predefined set of imperial and metric units Tank Node Data Feature Node Node Id List Type Tank Type Tank Icon Surface Pressure Liquid Level Elevation Exit from tank Notes Calculations and Results 31 Node 1 E N Type DA Pat con 5 urface Pressure 0 0000 psig Liquid Level 4 000 ft Elevation exit 10 000 ft Hotes Figure 13 Tank Node Pane Description The name of the node currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the Node field to edit the node name Use the Node Drop Down List to select a node or to scroll through each of the nodes in the pipe system The type of node currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the Type field to modify the node type There are three types of nodes join point tank or fixed pressure demand End Pressure Displays the image representing the selected tank in the Drawing pane Use the Icon button to select the tank image you want displayed on the pipe system drawin
172. loss systems Where the pressure loss is more than 10 but less than 40 of the highest absolute pressure in the system if the pressure drop is calculated using the average fluid density then good reliability of the results can be expected Working with Compressible Fluids 183 Where a system has a total pressure loss which exceeds 40 of the highest absolute pressure in the system it is necessary to model the system using different fluid zones Up to 20 fluid zones can be used in a Pipe Flow Expert model Using Fluid Zones Where a system has been split into a number of separate fluid zones the fluid density and the fluid viscosity for each fluid zone should be set independently The density of each fluid zone in the system must reflect the average density of the compressed fluid condition in that fluid zone When a system is solved if the fluid density is not within 5 of the average fluid density for a particular zone a warning will be issued in the results log Suggestions to Update Fluid Zone Data to have a particular density based on the average pressure within the fluid zone will be issued in the results log General Suggestions For systems that contain compressible fluids the following should be noted The mass flow rates entering the system and the mass flow rates leaving the system must be balanced Normally In Flow or Out Flow values are entered using a mass flow rate units such as lb sec lb min lb hour kg sec kg min
173. lowing details of pipes nodes and valves etc to be amended 20 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Units Menu Menu Items Imperial Units Metric Units Specify Units Fluid Menu Imperial Unrts Metric Units Specify Units Figure 6 Units Menu Description Converts all values to imperial units Converts all values to metric units Opens the Units tab of the Configurations Options dialog Use the Units tab to define the units for each element of the pipe system drawing A Change Fluid Create New Fluid Zone Delete Current Fluid one Change Color for this Fluid Zone select Add Pipes to this Fluid Zone On Off Show Colors for Fluid Zones Reset Fluid Zones to Default Colors Figure 7 Fluid Menu Menu Items Change Fluid Create New Fluid Zone Delete Current Fluid Zone Change Color for this Fluid Zone Select Add Pipes to this Fluid Zone On Off Show Colors for Fluid Zones Reset Fluid Zones to Default Colors Calculations and Results 21 Description Opens the Fluid data dialog Use the Fluid data dialog to define the fluid for the selected fluid zone Opens the Fluid Manager to select a fluid for a new Fluid Zone Delete the current fluid zone from the system All pipes that previously contained this fluid will now contain the fluid from zone 1 Select a background highlight color for this fluid zone Display the fluid zone selection rectangle Click and drag the rectangle to enclo
174. ltiple systems simultaneously Up to 4 different systems may be worked on concurrently using the Tabbed system feature Open Opens the Open dialog Select a pfe file and click the Open button to Open Examples Save Save As Save Screen Image Save Screen as EMF Metafile Email System open a pipe system drawing in Pipe Flow Expert Opens the Example Systems screen Select an example and click the Load This Example System button to open an example system drawing in Pipe Flow Expert Saves your changes to the pipe system drawing Opens the Save As dialog Browse to where you want to save the pipe system name the pfe file and click Save Save an image of the visible drawing area as a jpeg file Save the drawing as an Enhanced Metafile Opens a new email message with a pfe file of your current design attached to an email 18 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Email Screen Image Create PDF System Drawing Create PDF Customized Report Print Page Setup Recover from AutoSave Files Purge Auto Saved Files Exit Opens a new e mail message with a jpeg of the screen image attached to the e mail Create a PDF document of the system drawing Create a PDF customized report including cover sheet with logo image system drawing and results tables Including a high resolution pump graph with performance curves Opens the Printing Information dialog Type the page title and click the Print button to print the i
175. mage currently visible in the Drawing pane Opens the Print Setup dialog Define your printing preferences and click OK Pipe Flow Expert will automatically save a backup of your current design at approximately 5 minute intervals In the event of a problem you can try to load the most recent backup file to try and recover your system Delete the files created by the auto save feature Closes the application Calculations and Results 19 Edit Menu Ki Undo Ca Redo A Cut Ctrl X Copy Ctrl C D Paste Ctrl V SS Delete Ctrl Del ag Selection Rotate 90 Degrees Cirl R Zu Selection Rotate 90 Degrees Ctrl Alt R a Selection Mirror Items Left Right Ctrl M Selection Invert Items Up Down Ctrl I Ka Edit Grid Sheet View Figure 5 Edit Menu Menu Items Description Undo The last node or pipe action performed in the Drawing pane is undone Redo The last undo action is redone Cut Selected items are cut to the clipboard Copy Selected items are copied to the clipboard Paste ltems on the clipboard are pasted in the Drawing pane Delete Selected item s are deleted Selection Rotate 90 Degrees Selection Rotate 90 Degrees Selection Mirror Items Left Right Selection Invert Items Up Down Edit Grid Sheet View Selected items are rotated 90 degrees clockwise Selected items are rotated 90 degrees anticlockwise Selected items are mirrored left to right Selected items are inverted up to down Opens an edit grid al
176. minal size will be automatically calculated from the pipe outside diameter data and the type of material selected If the user prefers the Nominal Size field can be selected from the drop down list of nominal pipe sizes 94 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 5 Type pipe s internal diameter in the Internal Diam field 6 Type the wall thickness of the pipe in the Wall Thick field 7 Type the outside diameter of the pipe in the Outside Diam field 8 Type the pipe weight in the Weight field 9 The values in the Internal Vol and Surface Area fields are automatically calculated 10 Click the Add new entry button to save the new size data to the database size list Reversing the Pipe Flow When you add a pipe to a pipe system the direction the fluid flows though the pipe always defaults to the direction in which the pipe is drawn Each pipe in the Drawing pane shows an arrow to indicate the direction of fluid flow If a pipe is inadvertently drawn in the wrong direction you can reverse the direction of the pipe and fluid flow To reverse the fluid flow through a pipe 1 Select and highlight a pipe by clicking on the drawing pane 2 Right Click to display the Pipe Sub menu options 3 Select Reverse Pipe Direction The direction of a selected pipe can also be reversed by using the More button on the pipe pane to display the Pipe Sub menu options Closing a Pipe in the System The Closed Pipe feature can be used to represent
177. mps with Flow versus Head cumvel 131 Bleiw ies ge dE 132 Adding a Demand Flow at a join pont 132 Dic eee Sei AA ah Gan Ge eal cea cleo tian sot anstansasastasstaenoeans 134 6 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Adding a Demand Pressure at an end nocde tnne 134 TT ISIN Settee eae PP plegtecpiagteres a amendmen 136 Addin Tox TOM SAA EE 136 Viewing Modifying and Deleting Wems 138 Zooming incor Outi the Drawing Panes e EAREN ENNEN 138 ZOOMING into a Selected Area 138 Viewing the whole System in the Drawing ane 139 Panning a System in the Drawing Pane ooocccooccnccnccnccnncncnoncncnnncnconcnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnrrnnrnnnncnnnnas 139 RNANA PISS OF A e ET 140 Mirror View of the Pipe System nsnennesenensnneserrnsnrrnrrrrrrrerrrrrrrrsrrrnrrrrsttrrrrttttrrnrtrntretrrnnrere rrena 140 Inverted View of the Pipe System ccccceeccccsseecceeeeeceeeeeceueecaeueecseueeeseusesseeesseueeeseueeeseeeesseseesaaes 140 System Amendments and Group Updates oocccocccccccccccnccocnccnnnncnononncnonncnonnnnnnnnnnonnnonnnnnnnnnonannonanonos 141 Beie NS Ed id A A ee ee eee 141 InavIqual tem viewing and IMIG GIVING siii it A A dt GO 142 Group Updates on the Drawmng trenaren nnee nnen 143 MOVING Components Ma SY SUI tt daran 144 Cutting Copying and Pasting Nodes A Des esse eeseeeeaeeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeeess 145 Gopying Between Drawing EE 146 Opening Additional SV Stennis sinss e a a aSa iadi 146 FOULING Ee
178. ms To add a pump s data using an existing pfpm file click the Load Pump from File button or select the Load Standalone Pump File from the pump screen menu options Select the applicable pfpm file click Open edit the applicable fields and then click the Save Pump to Pipe button When a pump is added to a pipe the Include check box is displayed and set as selected next to the Add Change Pump button Ba When the Include check box is selected Pipe Flow Expert includes the data from the pumps on the pipe in the calculations for solving the pipe system To remove the pump data from the calculations clear the Include check box 120 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Working with Pump Curve Graph Once the data for a centrifugal pump has been added you can view an interactive graphical representation of the data in the graph section of the Pump Data screen To view the Pump Curve Graph 1 Click on a pump in a Pipe Flow Expert system to open the Pump Data screen Click the Draw Graph button to generate and display the Pump Curve graph 2 Click the Graph Options button to open the graph options screen Select the check boxes for the elements you wish to be displayed on the graph 3 Clear the check boxes for the elements that you do not want displayed on the graph 4 When you select a check box the element appears on the graph When you clear a check box the element is removed from the graph 5 To view the pump head NPShHr effici
179. n the effect of the valve should always be considered as the valve loss may be large Pipe Flow Expert has a database of valve and fittings K factors and calculation wizards for gradual enlargements gradual contractions sudden enlargements sudden contractions rounded entrances long pipe bends For further information on this subject please refer to Flow of Fluids through valves fittings and pipe Crane Technical Paper No 410 Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 169 Calculate Total Pressure Loss The fluid head resistance can also be expressed a pressure Metric units bar fuia X p x g 100000 h head loss m p fluid density kg m g acceleration due to gravity m s 2 Imperial units psi h fia X SG x 2 311 h head loss ft SG specific gravity of the fluid Energy and Hydraulic Grade Lines The Energy Grade Line is a plot of the sum of the three terms of the Work Energy equation or Bernoulli theorem Fluid Head The Kinetic energy The Flow energy The Potential energy EGL v 2g P y elevation v velocity g acceleration due to gravity P pressure y fluid density The Hydraulic Grade Line is a plot of the sum of two of the terms of the Bernoulli theorem Fluid Head The Flow energy The Potential energy HGL P y elevation P pressure y fluid density VI Energy Grade Line 29 v2 2g PL y A Y Elev 1 Figure 86 Hydraulic Grade Line 170
180. n Isometric view is transposed flattened to a standard view any vertical lines from the isometric view will be drawn at 45 degrees This happens because Pipe Flow Expert does not allow a drawing to contain nodes which sit over other nodes or nodes which sit over pipes This restriction has been applied to avoid confusion With the Isometric to Standard type of transposition the result can be visualized as an offset view from a high overhead position where the vertical lines can still be seen i e the result looks similar to a plan view but it is not an exact plan view where some of the lines which were vertical in the isometric view would not be seen in an exact plan view When a Standard view is transposed to an Isometric view the result will be a flat view of the current drawing in the isometric plane The user may then adjust move node positions as required to make the drawing appear 3D on the isometric grid To change the system view 1 Click the ISO Mode On Off Toggle button 2 A new view of the system will be displayed 3 Select the Drag and Move mode and adjust the node positions as required 4 Use the drawing menu to select Isometric tank View from Right or Isometric Tank View from Left Sending a System via E mail You can share pipe systems with others via e mail from within Pipe Flow Expert To Email a pipe system 1 Click the Email System Information button El on the toolbar to open a
181. n ft D density of fluid in Ibs ft Thus a 1 0 psi pressure drop is equivalent to 2 31 ft head of water at Normal Temperature amp Pressure NTP or 62 3 Ibs ft When a pipe diameter is known it is possible to establish a flow velocity from the Cv flow coefficient in US gpm for a 1 psi pressure drop Thus it is possible to calculate an equivalent fitting K factor which will produce the same pressure loss as the control valve Cv rating 174 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Pipe Flow Expert uses the equivalent fitting K factor method to model the flow and pressure loss through a control valve where a Cv flow coefficient is used to specify the control valve characteristics A change to the pipe diameter would result in a change to the value of the equivalent fitting K factor Pipe Flow Expert re calculates the equivalent fitting K factor for the current pipe diameter and the fluid density at the start of the solution calculation The calculation helper provided on the Cv component dialog uses the flow rate and pressure loss entered by the user together with the current fluid density to calculate a Cv value to match the specified requirements Cv 0 865 Kv or more accurately Cv 0 86497767 Kv Kv Flow Coefficients A Kv flow coefficient specifies the amount of water at 20 C 68 F in m hour that will flow through a valve and produce a 1 0 bar pressure drop Thus a Kv flow coefficient of 10 indicates that a
182. n problems can be avoided by finding the valve s pressure regulating range and specifying the valve s set pressure to a value within this range such that the mode of operation is Regulating First solve the system without the PRV control and note the pressure at the node downstream of the pipe which previously contained the PRV This is the maximum pressure the PRV can be set to i e it is equivalent to finding the valve s inlet pressure for the case where the valve is fully open Secondly solve the system after closing the pipe that contains the PRV and note the pressure at the node downstream of the closed pipe This is the minimum pressure the PRV can be set to i e it is equivalent to finding the pressure downstream of the valve for the case where the valve is fully closed Adding a Back Pressure Valve A back pressure valve controls and regulates the pressure upstream of the valve 1 Open the Set Control Data dialog as described in the previous section 2 Click the back pressure valve BPV radio button 3 Type the name of the back pressure valve in the Control Name field 4 Type the required back pressure in the Set Pressure field 5 Enter the allowable differential pressure range for the valve operation if appropriate 6 Click OK to add the pressure reducing valve to the pipe NOTE The back pressure valve BPV introduces an additional pressure loss in the pipe to control the upstream pressure at the start of the pipe to the
183. n the Units tab of the Configuration Options screen are converted to metric All field values on the Units tab are also reset to their default metric value Click OK to close the Configuration Options dialog and apply the unit configurations to the pipe system and its results Viewing the System Results After a pipe system is solved you have the option of opening the Results Tables to view all the calculated results or viewing the solved pipe system in the Drawing pane with specific results displayed with the pipe system To view the solved system in the Drawing pane click No in the Results Form dialog after the system is calculated and solved To view the Results Tables click the Results button on the tool bar To view the log in the Results Log dialog click the Show Log button The Results Tables contain a series of tabs that display the calculated results for each component of the pipe system in a table The tabs are organized by component type except for the All Results tab Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 161 The All Results tab displays all of the calculated results by component type All values displayed in the Results Tables are read only To view a pipe system s calculated results in the Results Tables 1 After a pipe system has been calculated and solved click the View Results Sheet button on the Results Log dialog to open the Results Tables or close the results log and click the Results Sheet button on the tool
184. ned to allow the items to be dropped back onto the drawing pane Moving a Pipe to link at a new position If a pipe has been drawn incorrectly between two nodes it is possible to unlink the end of the pipe and enter the pipe drawing mode to allow the existing pipe to be connected at a new position To unlink move an existing pipe 1 Select the pipe to be moved by clicking on it in the drawing pane 2 Click the right mouse button to display the Pipe Sub menu 3 Choose the Move Unlink end of Pipe option 4 The pipe drawing mode will be selected 5 The direction arrow end of the pipe will be unlinked to allow you to connect the pipe at a new position The Move Unlink end of Pipe option can also be performed when in Add Pipes drawing mode by clicking on a pipe to first highlight it then clicking again on the highlighted pipe to unlink it 148 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Using the Undo and Redo Functions When you add a single pipe or a single node in the Drawing pane you can undo the add pipe or node action to remove the pipe or node from the Drawing pane If you change your mind about an undo action you can redo the pipe or node in the Drawing pane kj To undo an add pipe or node action in the Drawing pane click the Undo button e on the tool bar or select Edit Undo Cal To redo an undo action in the Drawing pane click the Redo button el on the tool bar or select Edit
185. nericPumps_ EndSuction_50HZ and GenericPumps_EndSuction_60Hz These sub folders are located in the Pumps folder that is created as part of a Pipe Flow Expert installation When a user opens the Pump Database all sub folders within the main Pumps folder will be displayed within the Library dropdowns of the Search and Browse sections An appropriate folder should be chosen on which to perform the Search or Browse Pump Library Pump Database Pump Library Search Eine See De Elei eg A GenericPumps EndSuction dek Flow GenericPumps_EndSuction_60Hz Head 70 0 ftAluid allow up to 5 0 Miss Speed 0 to 3600 rpm look for BestEficiency e Browse Eis See Dee ie ski a rl GenericPumps EndSuction SOHz The example pumps can be loaded and used to see the results that are produced by using different pump operating data This data is provided solely as example data and is not related to any specific pump manufacturer Add Pump to Database Select Pump Folder K Cancel and Close When adding further pump data to the pump database we recommend that a new folder is created for each pump manufacturer The pumps can then be organized and saved in named folders 132 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Demand Flows A demand in flow or demand out flow can be set at any join point in the system or at the end of a single pipe if flow is entering or leaving the system at that point A demand can also be t
186. ng pane where you want to add a tank 4 The tank is added to the system and is selected on the Drawing pane Define the tank s properties in the Node pane Node 1 E M1 Type Tank rq W Figure 48 Node Pane for Tanks 5 Urface Pressure 0 0000 psig Liquid Level 4000 ft Elevation exit 10 000 fr Hotes 5 Type the tank s name in the Node field 6 Tank is automatically selected in the Type list 10 11 12 Calculations and Results 87 Click the Tank Icon button to select the tank image you want displayed on the pipe system drawing The icon size can be selected from a range of scales The image you select does not affect any of the tank s properties or values Type the surface pressure of the fluid in the tank in the Surface Pressure field Type the amount of fluid above the tank exit point in the Liquid Level field Type the exit elevation from the tank in the Elevation Exit field Type any applicable notes regarding the tank in the Notes field To add additional tanks to the system repeat Steps 3 12 88 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Nodes Join Points A join point is the place where two or more pipes meet in a pipe system green dot represents each join point in the Drawing pane In Pipe Flow Expert you can add join points as you add pipe or you can add join points first and then connect the join points with pipe If you add a join point to a pipe and the location of the jo
187. nnnonononononnnnnnnnnoronrnnrnrnnnnaninonas 164 FOUSS PUE Results RODOM Ee 165 Figure 36 HydrauliG Grade LNE ii Gee det de Gaiety ietadentetaaapataantoantiondannoass 169 Figure g7 Mowbalance Al a OMT OOM EE 170 Fig re 88 Pressure Balance around a lO ON DEE 170 PIGUES GO IPSCUGO Loop EE 171 Figure 90 Flow Control Valve replacement nannan anii ena ERNE EEERE 177 Figure 91 Pressure Reducing Valve replacement oocooococccccncccncococononcnnnconconanonnncnnnnnnonanonnonaronanenannnnos 178 Figure 92 Back Pressure vValvereplacement 179 Figure 93 Fixed Flow Rate Pump replacement oooooccoocnccnccconccconcnnoncnconcnconcnnnncnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrrnnnnronanennass 181 Calculations and Results 11 Introduction Welcome to Pipe Flow Expert Pipe Flow Expert is designed to help today s engineers analyze and solve a wide range of problems where the flow and pressure losses throughout a pipe network must be determined The Pipe Flow Expert program will allow you to draw a complex pipeline system and analyze the features of the system when flow is occurring Pipe Flow Expert calculates the balanced steady flow and pressure conditions of the system It will allow you to perform analysis of alternate systems under various operating conditions The reported results include flow rates for each pipe fluid velocities for each pipe Reynolds numbers friction factors friction pressure losses fitting pressures losses component pressure losses pres
188. nolds numbers It is generally accepted that the changeover point between laminar flow and turbulent flow in a circular pipe occurs when the Reynolds number Re is approximately 2100 i e Laminar flow occurs when the Re is less than 2100 Turbulent flow occurs when the Re is greater than 2100 Friction Factors Many formulas have been developed to model the flow of fluids The Hazen Williams formula has been a popular method of estimating the head loss in piping systems for a number of years However this empirical formula will only give reasonable accuracy if the fluid is water at 60 F or similar The Hazen Williams formula is therefore not useful in analyzing a complex pipe system The Colebrook White formula may be used with confidence to calculate an accurate friction factor applicable to the turbulent flow of fluids The Colebrook White formula is applicable over a whole range of fluid densities and viscosities provided that the fluid flow is turbulent Colebrook White Formula The Colebrook White formula 1 sqrt f 1 14 2 log o e D 9 35 Re x sqrt f f friction factor e internal roughness of pipe D internal diameter of pipe Re Reynolds number Friction factors for turbulent flow calculated by Pipe Flow Expert are based on the Colebrook White formula The friction factor for Laminar flow is calculated from f 64 Re Friction Losses resistance to flow The resistance to fluid flow is usually express
189. ns License Menu Menu Items License Status View License Agreement Move this License Calculations and Results 23 FA Edit Grid Sheet View ET Options Figure 9 Tools Menu Description Amend data for Pipes Tanks End Pressures Nodes FCVs PRVs BPVs Cv Values Kv Values Fixed Losses Pumps Fixed Flow Pumps Fixed Head and Pumps Curve The data in the grid may be over typed with new data changes will be made immediately as each item of data is amended Opens the Configuration Options screen Use the Configuration Options to configure the pipe system License CO License Status 8 View License Agreement De Activate Move this License Figure 10 License Menu Description Displays the current license status and registration information View agreement between Licensor and Licensee Displays instructions that explain how to deactivate the current license and obtain a license removal confirmation code How to create a new installation which will require a new license code Users need to maintain ongoing support to receive licensing assistance 24 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Documentation Menu Documentation D Open Quick Start Guide PDF D Open User Guide PDF Open Example Systems PDF Open Results Verification PDF Open Pipe Flow Brochure PDF Figure 11 Documentation Menu Menu Items Description Open Quick Start Guide PDF Open the Quick Start Guide PDF document Open User Guide PDF
190. nt Color Gradient Determine the Results Color based on Pipe Mass Flow Rate Pipe Velocity Pipe dP total pressure loss Pipe dP per 100 Pipe Friction Loss Pipe Friction Loss per 100 Pipe Total K Pipe Fittings Loss Pipe Reynold s Number Pipe Internal Diameter Pipe Lenath Node Pressure Node HGL Node Elevation Color Gradient Used to highlight items on the Results Screen Sample Gradients WS A hi LowColor Middle Color High Color Figure 43 Configuration Options Results Colors Tab mar 1 Click the Color button EH on Results Screen Color Key to open the Results Colors tab of the Configuration Options screen 2 Select a calculation category to be display in color on the Results screen 3 Choose a color gradient from the drop down of sample gradients or use the Low Middle and High color buttons to create your own color gradient 4 Click OK to update the drawing pane Calculations and Results 79 Configuring the Calculation Parameters The accuracy to which a pipeline system is balanced can be changed The balance options for a pipe system are configured on the Calculations tab of the Configuration Options dialog Most systems can be solved without any changes to the Calculation options however these options are included for experimental use when a balanced solution cannot be found Widening of these parameters may give results where the flow into the syst
191. o adjust the flow rates until an approximate pressure balance is achieved Pipe Flow Expert defines the elements of the pipeline system in a series of matrix equations and uses the Newton method to adjust the estimates for the flow rate in each pipe Once an approximate solution has been obtained the results are refined using a variation of the Newton method to ensure convergence until a balanced pressure result is obtained A flow balance tolerance and an approximate pressure balance tolerance are used to allow Pipe Flow Expert to find an approximate solution quickly This approximate solution is then refined until the system is solved within the final pressure balance tolerance The flow and pressure balance tolerances and the maximum number of iterations allowed have been carefully chosen to provide the best overall performance in finding a solution It is recommended that these values are not changed as most systems will solve without adjustment to these parameters System Components The user is able to enter the flow rate and head loss information about a component which is to be included in the pipeline system Pipe Flow Expert generates a performance curve for the component to allow the effect of the component to be modeled Cv and Kv Flow Coefficients Many manufactures of control valves choose to publish a Cv flow coefficient or a Kv flow coefficient to describe the flow pressure loss characteristics of their control valves in a
192. og or on the tool bar or select Specify Units from the Units menu to open the Units tab of the Configuration Options screen 160 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Configuration Options Labelling Units Settings Pipes Length Diameter Roughness Head Losses Flow Hate Mass Flow Velocity Weight Volume Surface rea Pipe Data feet Inches Inches ft Fluid m sec kgs hour rn sec lbs nr ig Node Data Results Colors Calculations Tanks Nodes Controls amp Components Pressure psig Liquid Level metres Elevation feet r System Results Atmosphere 14635943 pela Pressure Ref o Gage Absolute Pressure psig gt Temperature F Fahrenheit e Density Ib FE x Change All Units Energy HorsePower o Imperial Metric Cancel Figure 80 Configuration Options Screen Units tab 2 Select or edit the applicable component units on the tab Do not click the Imperial or Metric option in the Change All Units section of the Units tab unless you want to change the universal unit setting and reset all the values currently defined on the Units tab NOTE When you change the universal unit setting it converts all unit values to the unit type selected and all values on the Units tab of the Configuration Options screen are converted to the fields default values For example if you are changing the universal setting from imperial to metric all values including any imperial units selected o
193. omponent Pressure loss will be fixed Pressure loss will be calculated from component flow head data Flow rate values for operating range of component Pressure loss for each of the flow rate entries Create a set of curve points from first three data points Model pressure loss through a valve with a Cv flow coefficient Model pressure loss through a valve with a Kv flow coefficient Add the component to the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Close the dialog without making any changes Clear the pressure loss data Remove the component from the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane Save the component details to a file Load the component details from a file 44 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Control Valve Data Set Control Data Pipe 6 Control Name FEY 2 75 fmin bag Flow Control Valve FC Pressure Reducing Make PRY Back Pressure Valve BP Set Flow 2500 f mi e E Specify Allowable dP Range Optional From To 0 0000 bar 0 0000 bar Set Control Data Pipe 12 Control Name PR 40 psig ey d Flow Control Valve FC Pressure Reducing Valve PRY Back Pressure Valve BP Set Pressure 40 0000 psig Elevation PRAY placed at end of pipe 10 000 ft Elevation set fram end node Specify Allowable dP Range Optional From To HDD psi Cancel Delete 0 0000 psi Set Control Data Pipe 15 Control Name BPY 75 psig ey Flow Control Valve FLV P
194. on 3 Clicking the Add new material button opens the Add pipe material section in the Pipe diameter data screen 4 Type the material name in the Name field 5 Type the material s schedule or class in the Schedule Class field 6 Type the material s internal roughness expressed in the units displayed in parenthesis in the Internal Roughness field 7 Click the Add new material entry button to save the new material data to the database and the materials list Adding Pipe Size Data to the Database If the pipe size data you are using in the pipe system does not exist in the Pipe Flow Expert pipe database you can quickly add the size data to the database by clicking the Add new size button on the Pipe diameter data dialog NOTE Be sure to enter the value for the pipe s size data in the units displayed on the column header For example if you are using imperial units and bs ft for pounds per foot is displayed under Weight in the Weight column the weight value should be entered in pounds per foot To add new size data to the pipe database 1 Select a pipe in the pipe system and click the Diam button in the Pipe pane or click the Diam button on the Default Values tab in the Configuration Options dialog to open the Pipe diameter data dialog with the size list displayed 2 Click the Add new size button 3 Clicking the Add new size button opens the Add pipe data section in the Pipe diameter data dialog 4 The pipe s no
195. ontrol valve manufactures recommend that an allowance of 30 should be added to the calculated Cv or Kv flow coefficient to obtain the minimum full flow Cv or Kv flow coefficient rating which the selected valve should have when fully open Please check your control valve selection with the control valve manufacturer Flow Control Valves Flow Control Valves allow the user to set a flow rate in a particular pipe Pipe Flow Expert removes the pipe from the system and sets an Out flow demand at the From node and an equal In flow demand at the To node Thus the pipe is replaced by these flow demands while the system is being solved No other pipe which connects to a pipe with a Flow Control Valve fitted can contain a control valve FCV PRV or BPV Pressure Balance P1 P2 FCW ip Pipes P1 a P2 E EE ee FV 1 000 m min 1 000 m min 1 000 m min Figure 90 Flow Control Valve replacement The pressure difference between the From node and the To node must equal the pressure loss introduced by the flow control valve plus the pressure loss that the flow in the pipe will produce plus the pressure loss that any other component on the pipe produces The system balance will be maintained when the pipe is reinstated along with the pressure loss introduced by the flow control valve If the pressure difference between the From node and the To node is not great enough then the pressure loss in the pipe and th
196. or kg hour for a system which involve compressible fluids Where volumetric In Flow rates entering the system have to be used these values must be entered as the actual flow rate of the fluid for that particular fluid zone applicable to the pipe from which the fluid will enter i e the flow rate of the fluid must be based on the density of the fluid zone and not on the uncompressed volumetric flow rate of the fluid Where volumetric Out Flow rates leaving the system have to be used these values must be entered as the actual flow rate of the fluid for that particular fluid zone applicable to the pipe from which the fluid will leave i e the flow rate of the fluid must be based on the density of the fluid zone and not on the uncompressed volumetric flow rate of the fluid The pressure at all In Flow points for an individual fluid zone must be the same to the degree that the pressure does not change the volume and density of the fluid zone significantly Devices which change the volume density of the fluid should not be included as part of the system analysis Pipe Flow Expert uses a constant value for the compressible fluid density throughout each individual fluid zone in the pipeline system Where volumetric flow rates are used to specify the In Flows and Out Flows to the system the individual density for each fluid zone is used to convert from volumetric flow rate units to the mass flow rate units used internally by Pipe Flow Expe
197. oss which is independent of the flow rate The resistance to flow expressed in height of fluid as a motive force Pressure measured with respect to atmospheric pressure The pressure at a point in the system expressed in height of fluid plus the elevation above sea level of the node or the tank Height of a column of mercury in a barometer expressed in inches Coefficient of frictional loss through valve or pipe fittings The absolute viscosity of a fluid divided by the fluid density A graphical representation of the relationship between Reynolds number relative roughness and Friction factor Height of a column of mercury in a barometer expressed in millimeters Net Positive Such Head available Net Positive Such Head requirement The friction loss due to fluid flow expressed in fluid head or Gage pressure The motive force developed by a pump expressed in height of fluid Pump performance graphs usually show pump head for water A dimensionless number expressing the internal roughness of a pipe divided by the internal diameter of a pipe A dimensionless number derived from the fluid velocity the internal diameter of the pipe and the Kinematic viscosity of the fluid In Flow entering the system The absolute pressure at which a liquid will start to evaporate A measure of a fluid s resistance to flow See absolute viscosity and Kinematic viscosity 186 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Index Adding Text ltems 136 Adding Text
198. oughness Notes Pipe Color and Line Width Add Change Fittings button Add Change Component Pressure Loss button Add Change Control Valve button Add Change Pump button Include check boxes Diam Material More The internal diameter of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the internal diameter field to change the internal size of the pipe Click the Diam button to display the Pipe Diameter Database sizes The internal roughness of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Use the roughness field to change the internal roughness of the pipe Click the Material button to display the Pipe Material Database Notes about the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Notes can be up to 200 characters Set the color and line width of the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Opens the Pipe fitting friction coefficients database Use the database to add and maintain fittings on a pipe The number of fittings on the pipe is displayed next to the fitting image on the Add Change Fitting button Add a component to the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane Change the Pressure Loss characteristics for the component A number is displayed next to the Component image to indicate if the component is active Add a control valve to the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane Set the maximum flow rate in the pipe by using a flow Control Valve FCV or set the pressure at the end of the
199. ous pipe attributes may be copied to a range of selected pipes e An elevation value and a node image may be copied to a range of selected nodes e The results screen drawing can be displayed using a color gradient to indicate the range of flow rates fluid velocities friction loss hydraulic gradient line and elevations etc e The calculation tolerances can be changed Labelling Tab Configuration Options 7 Labelling Units Drawing Options Pipes Show Name Show Diameter W Show Length Fittings F Show Valves E Show Total K Value Show Pump Name E Show Elevation Nodes Show Name E Show Elevation Show Tank Info Pipe Data Show Pipe v Component Mame J Flow Control Hame W Show Bends Pumps when moving position on pipe W Show Distance on Pipe Show Nodett Node Data Results Color Calculations il Fipe Results Show Flow Rate G Show Mass Flow Show Yelocity Show dP Total Pressure Crop Fitting Results a Do Not Show on drawing O Show Pressure Loss through fittings Pump Results a Do Not Show on drawing Show Pump Head d Show WNPSH available Mode Results d Do Not Show on drawing Show Pressure at Node Cancel Figure 25 Configuration Options Labelling Tab 50 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Feature Show Name Pipes Show Diameter Show Length Show Pipe Component Name Flow Control Name Show Values Show Tota
200. ow Rate Pump e A Fixed Head Pressure Rise Pump e A Fixed Speed Pump with a flow versus head performance curve A pump s properties including its pump curve are defined and graphed on the Pump Data screen The Pump Data screen has an interactive graph that allows you to determine which elements of the pump graph are displayed lt also provides functionality to calculate pump values for different points on the graph including the pump s NPSHr Net Positive Suction Head requirement and efficiency percentage You can also save the data associated with a Pump to the Pump Database or a pfpm file This provides a way to share the pump data and quickly load the pump data when the same type of pump is used again in the pipe system or a future pipe system Saving and loading pump data also provides a quick and easy way to evaluate different pumps at a specific point in the pipe system to determine how each one affects the system NOTE Be sure to enter the values for the pump data in the correct units you can select which units you wish to use For example if you are using metric units and m for meter is displayed next to a field enter the pump value in meters Adding a Pump To add a pump to a pipe 1 You can add a pump using the Add Pump button on the tool bar or the Add Change Pump button in the Pipe Pane 2 To add a pump using the Add Pump tool bar button click the Add Pump button 0 3 When you click the Add Pump button the pum
201. p Data J Include Pump Sheet amp Graph Include Pipe Data vJ Include Energy Data v Include Node Data Ay Create PDF Report Include Project Name Y Include Engineer Reference V Include Date Choose Pipe Data 4 Pipe Id 4 Pipe Name Fluid Zone Y Material 4 Inner Diameter Y Roughness 4 Length 4 Total K y Mass Flow v Flow KH Save Report Options Include Results Log Summary Choose Node Data Y Node Id Node Type Node Y Elevation J Liquid Level Y Surface Press Press at Node Y HGL at Node y Demand In v Demand Out 2 Load Report Options Figure 84 Create PDF Report Options Portrait Landscape Choose Energy Data 4 Pipe Id a Pipe Name Y Pipe Friction Energy Loss Y Pipe Fittings Energy Loss _ Y Pipe Components Energy y Pipe Control Valves Enerc Pump Inefficiency Energy Pipe Items Pump Energy Y Discharge Pressure Enerc J Chanae in Elevation Enen W Exit and Close Choose the options for the PDF Report by selecting and checking the appropriate items from the PDF Report Generator screen The PDF report can include e A Cover Sheet including Company Logo Title and Sub Title e Page Header Information including Company Name Project Name and Engineer Reference e Page Information including page number Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 165 Tabulated
202. p performance graph The units used to display the flow rate and pump head on the performance graph should be selected from the dropdown options in the Browse window The pump data may have originally been created using flow rate units and head units that are different from those now required Selection of new flow and head units will produce a new performance graph in the chosen units with the software automatically converting the original data to the new flow and head units 500 13 000 inch N m o 2s 8 33 330 200 Mim ech os Qo 120 4 285 750 mm 100 80 4223 8606 vrum Head 8 bd Fluid Water 50 F 100 NPS m hd y Head m hd Fluid Water 50 F 4 0 0 E 0 85 170 255 340 425 510 595 680 765 85 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 60 00 16 00 ws 0 00 0 00 S 0 85 170 255 340 425 510 595 680 765 850 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Flow US gpm Flow m hour Both the performance curve and the NPSHr curve can be shown in the pump graph window As the user browses a Pump Library folder pumps can saved for further consideration by clicking the button to add them to the filtered list Once a user has found a suitable pump it can be selected for use in the pipe system by clicking the Select button or by double clicking on the chosen pump Calculations and Results 131 Example Pumps with Flow versus Head curve Two sets of example pump files are included in the sub folders Ge
203. p symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 4 Click on the pipe on the Drawing pane where you want to add a pump 5 You can add a pump to a pipe in the system Clicking on the pipe opens a Confirm dialog 6 The Distance Along Pipe and at Elevation fields are automatically populated with default values The value in the Distance Along Pipe field is determined by where you added the pump along the pipe the distance from start of the pipe The value in the at Elevation field is defaulted to the elevation at the start of the pipe 10 11 12 Calculations and Results 115 i Add Pump to the pipe The pump elevation was set to 80 000ft same elevation as the start of the pipe The pump positon along the pipe was set to 6 562ft the position of the point clicked on the pipe Further information about the pump Is required Do you want to enter the pump data now Figure 61 Add Pump Confirm dialog Click Yes when asked Do you want to enter the pump data now Clicking Yes adds the pump to the system and opens the Pump Data screen To add a pump using the Add Change Pump button in the Pipe pane select the pipe to which you want to add a pump in the Drawing pane The pipe s information is displayed in the Pipe pane Click the Add Change Pump button Bil The number of pumps currently on the selected pipe is displayed on the Add Change Pump button Clicking the Add C
204. p symbol on a pipe the Pump Data screen opens and you can view and edit the pump s properties You can also select a pipe in the Drawing pane and then click the Add Change Pump button CM in the Pipe pane to open the Pump Data screen Group Updates on the Drawing The attributes of a group of pipes or nodes can be amended in a single update operation The Selection tool button allows the user to select a group of items which are located within an area defined by a rectangle While holding down the left mouse button drag the mouse to create a rectangle around the item s you want to select The selected items can then be amended using the following operations G2 wy 4 S Ss TT x Cut Copy Paste Mirror Invert Zoom in Adjust Attributes Pipes Adjust Attributes Nodes amp Delete When the Adjust Attributes of Selected Pipes button is clicked a screen showing the current Default Pipe attributes and a list of selected pipes is displayed selected pipes are shown as checked The Default Pipe data can now be amended as required and then the buttons in the middle of the screen can be used to copy items values to the group of selected pipes Configuration Options Labelling Fipe Data Node Data Results Colors Calculations Default Pipe Data Default Pipe Copy Default Pipe Data to Selected Items 13 pipes selected Internal Diameter P1 16 000 inch 0 010200 inch 1050 000 a 1 12
205. pe This is the maximum pressure the BPV can be set to i e it is equivalent to finding the pressure at the valve inlet for the case where the valve is fully closed Pumps with Flow versus Head Curve The user is able to enter flow rate and head loss information about a pump which is to be used in the pipeline system Pipe Flow Expert generates a performance curve for the pump to allow the pump performance to be modeled as part of the pipeline system Fixed Flow Rate Pumps The user is able to elect to enter a fixed flow rate for a pump This situation may occur when the natural flow distribution to different parts of the network has to be determined or when the system has a variable speed pump that has been set to produce a set flow rate The Fixed Flow Rate Pump is modeled in a similar manner to the Flow Control Valve described above Pipe Flow Expert removes the pipe on which the pump is mounted and sets an Out flow demand at the From node Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 181 and an equal In flow demand at the To node The pipe and the pump are replaced by these flow demands while the system is being solved Pump 10 00 US gpm 1000 00 US gpm 1000 00 US gpm Figure 93 Fixed Flow Rate Pump replacement Since the head pressure provided by the pump is unknown the system balance cannot be tuned by iterating along the pump performance curve For this reason it is not possible to include pressure control devices s
206. peed and variations in impeller diameters The following sections describe the use of these further options 122 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Import Pump Curve Image Pipe Flow Expert provides functionally to import and create a mathematical pump model which allows adjustment of the pump performance for different operating speeds amp impeller diameters To import a pump curve image and plot Flow v Head points Click on a pump in a Pipe Flow Expert system to open the Pump Data screen SA Import Curve Image Click the Import Curve Image button to open the import screen Follow these steps to create a mathematical model of the pump performance 2 Import Pump Sheet Image Step 1 Import an image of a pump manufacturer s performance graph Fade Imported Image Step 2 ye a Set the range of the X axis flow amp the flow units apma Now click the start amp end points of the X axis on the imported image Select X Axis on Image Click min amp max X Step 3 on ft Fluid Set the range of the Y axis head amp the head units Sege Mech Now click the start amp end points of the Y axis on the imported image Select Y Axis on Image Click min amp max Y Click Select Points then Step 4 Click on points on the image Click on the Select Points on Curve button Click the shut off head point at zero flow for the chosen curve A red cross shows the point that has been selected Select Points on
207. pipe in which backflow is not permitted is identified with a double arrow marker When solving a system if backflow occurs in the pipe the flow rate will be set to zero Use the pipe sub menu option to toggle the status of pipes tagged with the prevent backflow symbol Using the Default Pipe feature while drawing In Pipe Flow Expert you can set the default pipe options for the next pipe to be added to the system by copying the features of the currently selected pipe To set the default pipe options 1 Select a pipe and click the right mouse button to display the Pipe Sub menu 2 Click the Use Pipe Values for Drawing option Draw the next pipe in the system Change the pipe length if necessary To draw a pipe with different attributes select another pipe that has the attributes that you require and then set that pipe s attributes as the default for pipe drawing Alternatively use the Set Default Pipe for drawing button on the tool bar to open the pipe default values on the Configuration Options Pipe Settings Tab Choose the pipe material diameter and length to be used to draw default pipes Calculations and Results 97 Fittings and Valves Fittings can be added at the ends of a pipe or anywhere along a pipe in the pipe system After adding join points to the pipe system you can define the specific fittings for the join points and pipes using the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog The Pipe fitting friction coeffi
208. pipe system is displayed in feet in the Drawing pane To define the units used in Pipe Flow Expert and the pipe system 1 Click the Choose Units button on the tool bar or select Specify Units from the Units menu to open the Units tab of the Configuration Options screen mg Configuration Options Labelling Units Pipe Data Node Data Results Colors Calculations Units Settings Pipes Tanks Nodes Controls amp Components Length metres Pressure bar g v Diameter millimetres Liquid Level metres v Roughness millimetres Elevation metres Head Losses m fluid System Results Flow Rate Litres min GE Atmosphere 1 013250 bar a Mass Flow kgs sec Pressure Ref o Gage Absolute Velocity m sec Pressure bar g v Weight kgs Temperature C Centigrade Volume ne Density kon Surface Area m Change All Units Energy KiloW atts Imperial 0 Metric Cancel Figure 36 Configuration Options Units tab 2 Select or enter the units for each component on the tab 3 Do not click the Imperial or Metric option in the Change All Units section of the Units tab unless you want to change the universal unit setting and reset all the values currently defined on the Units tab NOTE When you change the universal unit setting it converts all unit values to the unit type selected and all values on the Units tab of the Configuration Options dialog are converted to the fields default values For example if you ar
209. position Once the selected items have been positioned click the right mouse button to complete the paste operation If you try to paste a node over the top of an existing node or an existing pipe the paste action will be disallowed NOTE A cut copy or paste action in the Drawing pane cannot be undone To cut copy and paste nodes and pipes in the Drawing pane 1 Click the Selection tool button E on the tool bar 2 When you click the Selection tool button the selection icon is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 3 Draw a box around the pipes and nodes you want to cut or copy in the Drawing pane To draw a box click where you want to start the box in the Drawing pane and hold down the left mouse button then drag the mouse until you have drawn the box and then release the left mouse button 4 To cut the nodes and pipes click the Cut button D on the tool bar or select Edit Cut Any pipes which have one end connected to a selected node but are not linked at the other end to another selected node will be permanently removed from the system 146 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 5 After clicking the Cut button or selecting Edit Cut a message asking if you are sure you wish to cut the nodes and all pipes that connect to these nodes will be displayed 6 Click Yes 7 You may wish to copy rather than cut a set of selected items To copy the nodes and pipes Ba click the Copy button
210. pressure losses within the system are calculated using friction factors obtained from the Colebrook White equation and the friction pressure loss for each pipe is obtained from the Darcy Weisbach equation The initial estimates are unlikely to give a balanced pressure result over the whole system and must be adjusted using a variation on the Newton method to converge to a final result where all of the flow rates and pressures within the system are balanced Pipe Flow Expert defines the elements of the pipeline system in a series of non linear matrix equations Once an approximate solution has been obtained the results are refined using a variation on the Newton method algorithm to ensure the results converge to a balanced flow and pressure result 172 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide System Calculation Tolerances Pipe Flow Expert uses a two step approach to calculate a balance steady flow state for a system An initial approximate solution is obtained using Linear Theory methods and an iterative approach to adjust the flow rates until an approximate pressure balance is achieved An alternative approach is to use estimates for the out flows and to use these estimates to set an initial flow rate in each pipe with the total in flow to each join point matching the total out flow from each join point The initial flow estimates are unlikely to give a balanced pressure result over the whole system and must be further refined using an iterative approach t
211. r Data Y 4 P4 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m ae 5 P5 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 6 PS 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m Roughness 7 P7 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 0 005000 mm a Copy Roughness Only 8 PS 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m 9 P9 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 274 320 m Material Copy All Material Data 10 P10 112 165 mm 0 005004 mm 335 280 Ge 11 P11 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 9 144 m DR 25 165 psi 12 P12 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 13 P13 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m Length a 14 PIA 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 150 000 m S Copy Length Only 15 P15 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m Sa 16 P16 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m 63 None Gi Copy Fittings Only 18 P18 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m KE 19 P19 84 582 mm 0 005004 mm 109 728 1 EJ None 3 Copy Components Only 20 P20 161 239 mm 0 005004 mm 381 000 21 P21 103 429 mm 0 005004 mm 9 144 m AAA PA 22 P22 103 429 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m Cop Color and Style r mm EN cht Copy All Pipe Data C9 Open Pipes 0 Close Pipes Fipe Color Figure 27 Configuration Options Pipe Settings Tab Feature Description Internal Diameter Set the default internal diameter for the next pipe to be added to the drawing Diam Display the Pipe Diameter Database Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Roughness Material Length Add Change Fittings Add Edit
212. r or select Edit Delete 7 The message Are you sure you wish to delete the selected nodes and all pipes that connect to these nodes is displayed after clicking the Delete button or selecting Edit Delete 8 Click Yes 9 The selected nodes and all the pipes and their components that are connected to the nodes are deleted Deleting a Demand Flow To delete a demand flow from a pipe system 1 Click the Show Item Info button bi on the tool bar 2 Click the node containing the demand flow that you want to delete in the Drawing pane 3 Click one of the Edit buttons in the Node pane to open the Set Demand Flow dialog 4 If the In Flow field contains a value other than 0 000 type 0 5 If the Out Flow field contains a value other than 0 000 type 0 150 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 6 Click OK to save your changes and close the Set Demand Flow dialog 7 The demand flow icon and value are removed from the selected node in the Drawing pane Deleting Fittings To delete a fitting from a pipe system 1 Click the Show Item Info button on the tool bar 2 Click the fitting symbol 4 on the pipe containing the fitting that you want to delete in the Drawing pane 3 Clicking the fitting symbol opens the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog with all the fittings on the pipe listed in the Fittings on section 4 You can also select the pipe containing the fitting that you want to delete in the Drawing TF pane an
213. rances Calculation Engine Loop Balance Final Pressure Tolerance 0 000010 bar Linear then Newton Convergence w Loop Balance Initial Pressure Tolerance 0 200000 bar Final Solution Verification Flow Balance Final Tolerance 0 000001 kg sec Node Balance o 0 000018 bar Calculation Iteration Parameters Calculation Warning Parameters Max Iterations for Approximate Solution 200 NPSHa lt NPSHrplus 20 Max Iterations to find Final Solution 5000 Liquid Velocity gt 5 000000 m sec Final Iterations Delta Reduction Factor 0 100 Gas Velocity gt 20 000000 m sec Min Velocity for Discharge Estimates 0 100000 Gas Fluid Density within 5 of Zone s Avg Gas Density Max Velocity for Discharge Estimates 50 000000 Reset Al entries to the Default Values cance Figure 44 Calculation settings The following adjustments can be made but the user is advised to leave these values unchanged 80 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Feature Loop Balance Final Pressure Tolerance Loop Balance Initial Pressure Tolerance Flow Balancing Tolerance Final Solution Verification Max Iterations for Approximate Solution Max Iterations for Final Solution Final Iterations Delta Reduction Factor Min Velocity for Discharge Estimates Max Velocity for Discharge Estimates Calculation Warning Parameters Liquid Velocity gt Gas Velocity gt Gas Fluid Density within Zones Avg Gas Density Reset All entries to the Default Val
214. re 45 Fluid Zone Menu Feature Description Change Fluid Change the fluid name density and viscosity for the currently selected fluid zone Create New Fluid Zone Create a new fluid zone The fluid database screen will be displayed so that new fluid data can be selected When the fluid data has been chosen amended click save to confirm the data for the new fluid zone Delete Current Fluid Zone Delete the currently selected fluid zone Change Color for this fluid Change the background highlight color for the currently selected fluid zone zone 82 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Select Add pipes to this fluid Select pipes to be associated with the currently selected fluid zone zone The drawing cursor will change to a Fluid Zone selection rectangle Move the drawing cursor to an appropriate position on the system drawing Click on the drawing pane and hold the mouse button down while dragging the Fluid Zone selection rectangle to enclose the pipes to be associated with current fluid zone When the mouse button is released the enclosed pipes will be associated with the current fluid zone On Off Show Colors for Toggle the fluid zone background highlight colors display on off Fluid Zones Reset Fluid Zone to Default Reset all fluid zone colors to the default color for each fluid zone Colors Close Close the fluid menu Properties of Mixed Fluids Pipe Flow Expert does not calculate the resultant density or viscosity of any mixed fl
215. re drop is shown below _ SCFH 1360 D x F 460 AP X Do V Where Cv flow coefficient SCFH flow rate in ft hr NTP D the gas density in Ibs ft at 0 00 psig F gas temperature Ap pressure loss in psi absolute Po valve outlet pressure in psi absolute A simplified version of the Kv formula for sub critical gas pressure drop is shown below D x C 273 AP X Do Where Kv flow coefficient Q flow rate in m hr NTP Dn the gas density in kg m at 0 00 barg C gas temperature Ap pressure loss in bar absolute Po valve outlet pressure in bar absolute Please refer to an appropriate text book for a more detailed formula to take account of piping geometry or gas compressibility should this be necessary Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 177 Control valve selection The Cv or Kv flow coefficient of a control valve is usually stated for the fully open flow condition The Cv or Kv flow coefficient will be less when the valve is partly closed In an actual system it is important to select a control valve which has an appropriate Cv or Kv flow coefficient for the actual valve position that will be used A control valve that is too small or too large will never be able to provide the correct control in a system Most control valve manufactures recommend that you should select a valve where the required Cv or Kv value falls between 20 80 of the port opening Some c
216. ressure Reducing Make PRY Back Pressure Valve BP Set Pressure 5 0000 psig Elevation BP placed at start of pipe 3 000 ft Elevation set from start node Specity Allowable dP Range Optional From To 0 0000 psi OF Cancel Delete 0000 psi UK Cancel Delete Figure 22 Control Valve Data Feature Description Control Name Name of the control valve or P amp ID number Flow Control Valve Set control flow rate in the units displayed Pressure Reducing Valve Set pressure required at the end of the pipe Back Pressure Valve Set back pressure required at the start of the pipe Set allowable dP Range a warning will be issued if the actual dP is outside the lower and upper values Specify Allowable dP Range OK Add the control valve type to the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Cancel Close the dialog without making any changes Remove the control valve from the pipe currently selected in the Drawing pane Delete Pump Data Pump Data File Edit Graph P h SSeS PS Name Pump st 02a Model Pump for D Set Flow Rate Set Head Increase O Set Speed Set Impeller Diameter Flow Head US gpm e ft Fluid e amp 0 200 000 40 00 198 000 80 00 186 000 120 00 166 000 160 00 133 000 200 00 80 000 Preferred Operating Region From 75 To Details of pump on pipe 13 P13 Along Pipe 5 000 ft Clear Pump Curve Calculations and Results 45
217. roject Name Include Results Log Summary Portrait Title Pipe Flow Design 1 4 Include Engineer Reference Landscape Subtitle Results Data Y Include Date Select Report Data Choose Pipe Data Choose Node Data Choose Energy Data 7 Include Fluid Data 4 Pipe Id 4 Node Id 4 Pipe Id a Y Pipe Name J Node Type Y Pipe Name Include Pump Data Fluid Zone 4 Node 4 Pipe Friction Energy Loss pa Y Material Y Elevation Pipe Fittings Energy Loss Wi Include Pump Sheet amp Graph Y Inner Diameter Y Liquid Level J Pipe Components Energy J Roughness 4 Surface Press Y Pipe Control Valves Enerc 4 Length Y Press at Node Pump Inefficiency Energy Y Include Energy Data Y Total K Y HGL at Node Y Pipe Items Pump Energy Mass Flow Demand In Y Discharge Pressure Enerc V Include Node Data J Flow Y Demand Out J Chanae in Elevation Enen Ay Create PDF Report Ld Save Report Options fae Load Report Options Exit and Close i Include Pipe Data Figure 77 PDF Report Options Dialog 1 Enter the Company Information 2 Load a cover sheet image 3 Select the Cover Sheet Header Information and Page Information options 4 Select the Report Data options 5 Choose the Pipe Data Node Data and Energy Data to be included 6 Click the Create PDF Report button to generate a PDF results document 158 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Pipe Flow Softw
218. roperties of Gases calculator Gas Properties Data approximate al Formula D NA Temperature Pressure 0 000 barg Calculate Data Dynamic viscosity 0 01820 Centipoise Density 1 20475 kgs nF vidual Gas Constant 207 sE Add new entry Ki Cancel Figure 47 Properties of Gases 4 Choose a Gas from the drop down listing 5 Enter the temperature of the gas 6 Enter the pressure of the gas 7 The viscosity and density data for the gas are displayed 8 Click Add new entry to add the data to the fluid data list 86 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Tanks In Pipe Flow Expert a tank can represent a reservoir or any type of fluid supply lt can also model a discharge or the point where a fluid exits a pipe system A tank is a type of node in Pipe Flow Expert There are three types of nodes used in a pipe system tanks demand pressures and join points Nodes are located at the beginning and end of a pipe NOTE Be sure to enter the values for the tank s properties in the units displayed next to the field For example if you are using imperial units and ft for feet is displayed next to the Liquid Level field enter the liquid level value in feet Add a Tank To add a tank to the pipe system 1 Click the Add Tank button el on the tool bar 2 When you click the Add Tank button the tank symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 3 Click on the place on the Drawi
219. rt The calculations are performed using the mass flow rates to achieve mass flow rate continuity and balance within the pipeline system The results are then converted back to the appropriate volumetric units for each pipe based on the fluid zone data associated with the pipe The effects of pressure changes and temperature changes on the fluid density are not modeled Note 1 The Fluid density at the compressed fluid condition can be calculated using the normal density of the compressible fluid and the fluid pressure Compressed fluid density Normal fluid density x Fluid pressure Atmospheric pressure Atmospheric pressure 184 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Example H a volume of 10 m of air at normal temperature and pressure is compressed to 6 bar g The Fluid density would be 1 2047 x 6 000 1 01325 1 01325 8 3384 kg m Note 2 The Actual flow rate of the fluid at the compressed fluid condition can be calculated using the uncompressed volume of the fluid and the fluid pressure Actual flow rate Uncompressed fluid volume x Atmospheric pressure Fluid pressure Atmospheric pressure Example If a flow of 10 m s of air at normal temperature and pressure is compressed to 6 bar g the Actual flow rate would be 10 x 1 01325 6 000 1 01325 1 445 m s Glossary Term Absolute pressure Atmosphere Centipoise Centistokes Colebrook White equation Darcy Weisbach equation Demand flow Demand press
220. rt of image will be printed Le the part of the image you see on the screen To print the whole of the drawing zoom out until all of the area You wish to print is visible on the screen To change the onentation of the print to landscape select Page Setup and choose the appropriate settings The visible area will be scaled to fit on 1 page unless the scale to fit parameters are changed printing over multiple pages may not be possible with all computer systems Note ou can also create a POF of the drawing hor high resolution printing Scale toft 1 pages wideby 1 pages high Page Title Pipe system title that appears on the pagel Print Lancel Page Setup Figure 34 Printing Information dialog 2 If you want to change the printing scale type the number of pages wide by the number of pages high in the Scale to fit fields Note Printing over multiple pages requires use of additional memory and problems may arise if your system and printer do not have enough memory available The amount of memory required varies considerably depending on the size and number of items on the drawing that is to printed 3 Type the title you want displayed at the top of the page 4 Click the Print button to print the pipe system Calculations and Results 67 Saving a Screen Image To save the current image displayed in the drawing pane 1 Click on the File Menu and select 5 Save Screen Image 2 A save file dialog w
221. rts all unit values to the unit type selected and all values on the Units tab of the Configuration Options dialog are converted to the fields default values For example if you are changing the universal setting from imperial to metric all values including any imperial units selected on the Units tab of the Configuration Options dialog are converted to metric All field values on the Units tab are also reset to their default metric value There are three places in Pipe Flow Expert that you can define the universal unit setting To define the universal unit setting 1 To change the units from the toolbar click the Imperial or Metric option on the tool bar 2 To change the units from the Units tab click the units button on the tool bar or select Specify Units from the Units menu to open the Units tab of the Configuration Options screen Click the Imperial or Metric option 3 To change the units from the Units menu select the Imperial Units or Metric Units from the Configuration Options Units Tab screen Click Yes when asked Do you wish to proceed Calculations and Results 69 Choosing ltem Labelling In Pipe Flow Expert you can configure the labelling of a pipe system displayed in the Drawing pane The labelling for the pipe system is configured on the Labelling tab of the Configuration Options dialog The tab is organized by the system components A series of check boxes are used to configure labelling in drawing design mode and
222. s The elevation of the join point expressed in the units displayed View the In Flow to the system at this node Click edit to change View the Out Flow from the system at this node Click edit to change Opens the Set Flow Demands dialog This dialog is used to set a demand flow on the join point Notes about the node currently selected in the Drawing pane Notes can be up to 200 characters 34 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Flow Demands Flow demands can only be added at a node if the type selected is a Join Point Set Flow Demands Node 4 NA Additional Demand Flows In Flow O O000 fe sec L Out Flow 2 6253 Prset UK Cancel Llear Figure 16 Flow Demands Feature Description In Flow Rate Entering The The flow rate entering the system at this node expressed in the units System displayed Out Flow Rate Leaving The The flow rate leaving the system at this node expressed in the units System displayed OK Confirm any changes that have been made Cancel Close the dialog without making any changes Calculations and Results 35 Pipe Pane A pipe can have many features such as name length internal diameter roughness nominal size material schedule or class reference internal volume and surface area The data for some of these features such as name length internal diameter and roughness can be entered directly into the pipe pane input boxes other features would be left unchanged and may have to
223. s Determine the points from the manufacturer s pump graph that you wish to include on the Pump Curve graph and enter the head efficiency and NPSHr values for each of these points in the Pump Curve section of the Pump Data performance table Add a minimum of 4 and maximum of 10 points to the Pump Curve section e wwe A gem em Graph E ls EW Open Pump Database 9 Add Pump to Database bt Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet Pump Performance Curve Motor mm Pump Size 0 Min Speed 0 rpm Along Pipe Manufacturer Type 5 000 ft at Elevation Symbol 80 000 ft Ob Pump Catalog Max Speed O rpm Notes 0 00 l min Max Impeller 0 000 inch Min Impeller 0 000 m Fluid 0 000 inch 1700 rpm Speed 1700 14 250 inches Head ft hd Fluid 172 22 Flow US gpm 110 NPSHr 3 88 Power HP 6 404 Effic 2 Diam 14 250 74 8 Calculate Head ft Fluid 200 000 198 000 186 000 166 000 133 000 80 000 NPSHr ft hd Fluid 0 000 0 750 2 000 5 000 12 000 23 000 Efficiency 0 66 00 72 00 75 00 72 00 65 00 vv v Preferred Operating region between 90 00 and 150 00 US gpm 14 250 inch Head ft hd Fluid WWater 50 F Efficiency Preferred Operating Region From 75 To 125 of Flow at Best Efficiency __ Clear Pump Curve Graph Options X Delete Pump NPSHr ft hd Ex Draw Graph 100 125 150 175 200 225 Ki Cancel and
224. se the pipes to be set to the current fluid zone Toggle the fluid zone background highlight colors on or off Reset all fluid zone colors to the default color for each fluid zone 22 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Drawing Menu Y E HH we Menu Items Set Standard Drawing Mode Set Isometric Drawing Mode Isometric Tank View From Left Isometric Tank View From Right Mirror View Switch Left Right Invert View Switch Top Bottom Change Default Pipe Values Choose Labelling Options Zoom to Fit on Screen Set Standard Drawing Mode Set lsometric Drawing Mode Isometric Tank View From Left Isometric Tank View From Right Mirror View Switch Left Right Invert View Switch Top Bottom Change Default Pipe Values Choose Labeling Options Zoom to Fit on Screen Ctrl 2 Figure 8 Drawing Menu Description Set rectangular grid drawing mode Set isometric grid drawing mode Show isometric tanks viewed from left Show isometric tanks viewed from right Mirror the complete drawing Invert the complete drawing Opens the Default Values tab of the Configurations Options dialog Use the Default Values tab to define default values for the next pipe to be drawn in the pipe system Opens the Labelling tab of the Configurations Options dialog Use the Labelling tab to define how the pipe system drawing is labelled Resize the drawing and centre in the visible drawing area Tools Menu Menu ltems Edit Grid Sheet View Optio
225. se the up down adjustment to set the efficiency value for the point Preferred Operating region between 0 00 and 0 00 US gpm LE EL 350 SE E The point will be colored Red to indicate 315 SS CS 2 an adjustment has been made e 626 5 OK ER ZS These adjustments may be reset by 210 6 500 inch clicking the Clear button ater 68 F 128 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Additional adjustments for NPSHr and efficiency predictions at different operating speeds can also be made in order that the performance of the pump across a range of speeds and impeller diameters is accurately mapped The efficiency of a centrifugal pump generally reduces as the operating speed is reduced It can be seen from many pump manufactures performance graphs that a speed reduction of 50 will reduce the pump efficiency by around 5 When a pump is required to operate at low flow rates and or in low efficiency areas a centrifugal pump may not perform as expected Operation in these areas may not be recommended The minimum flow line can be set as a percentage of the maximum flow on a particular curve Pipe Flow Expert will not include pumps which operate below the minimum flow line setting when searching the pump database for suitable pumps to match a particular flow rate Once a pump has been modelled to match the published data the complete pump model can be saved to the searchable Pump Database for future use A pump data sh
226. sfully a customized PDF report can be created The report can contain a cover sheet with your logo a scalable results drawing for high resolution printing and a selection of tabulated results data which provides a detailed breakdown of the calculated results Note First configure the results drawing labelling and the results units to be used as described in the section Configuring the System Results To display the Create PDF Report options dialog choose one of these actions e Click the Create PDF Report button on the Results Log after solving a system OR e Click the Results PDF Tool Button in the tool bar at the top of the screen OR e Click the Create PDF Customized Report option from the File menu PDF Report Generator W r _ TE Create PDF Report Document Company Information Cover Sheet Image Small Scale Preview Ca Reset to Default Pipe Flow Software Company Name C Clear Image None Project Name Project 1 O pipeftouy Engineer Reference PF Expert Solution a gt Load JPEG Image Loaded images should have an X Y ratio around 2 1 with the maximum width being 1600 pixels Cover Sheet Header Information Page Information PDF Page Ratio Include Cover Sheet VY Include Company Name v Include Page Number a Auto Orientation Best fit Title Pipe Flow Design 1 Subtitle Results Data Select Report Data v Include Fluid Data Include Pum
227. splay data for Pipes Tanks End Pressures Nodes FCVs PRVs BPVs Cv Values Kv Values Fixed Losses Pumps Fixed Flow Pumps Fixed Head and Pumps Curve 3 Select the cell that contains the data you want to edit 4 The Edit Grid can be over typed and updated directly changes are applied immediately Note The changes will be applied immediately and the drawing will be updated An Undo option is not available hence amendments cannot be cancelled the original data must be re entered Edit Grid Sheet View E En di E E Done Pipes Tanks End Pressures Nodes FLVs FRW BP s Cy Values Ky Values Fixed Losses Fumps Fixed Flow l Pumpe Fired Head Fumps Curve 4 Fiter Nominal Size equals 150mm Show Rows set Diameter 1 05 Fipe Hame Mom size Material Sch Class Diameter Roughness Length Fipe Notes mm mm m Pl 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 UU P4 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 0 007 Pa 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 11 500 PF 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 0 007 PE 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 0 007 Pd 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 6 000 P13 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 DUU P15 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 12 500 PES 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 3 000 PR 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 046000 3 000 Pid 150 mm Steel ANSI Sch 40 154 051 0 04600
228. started however pseudo loops can exist between a supply or discharge source between two supply sources or between two discharge sources Calculation Theory and Method of Solution 171 am Pseudo Loop r Figure 89 Pseudo Loop A series of pressure equations describing the pressure loss in each loop must be generated The same pipe may be included in many different loops Where a loop includes a number of different fluid zones the elevation differences of the nodes and the density of the fluid in each pipe along the path in the loop must be used to establish the difference in pressures due to fluid density at the end points of the loop This pressure difference is used together with the fluid surface pressure difference to establish the net pressure difference around the loop A series of mass flow continuity equations must be generated for the mass flow rate balance at each node in the pipeline system Pipe Flow Expert will automatically analyze a system identify all loops and pseudo loops generate the pressure equations throughout the network and remove redundant loop equations those which are already fully described by combining other equations It will also generate the mass flow balance equations for each node in a pipeline system Solving the unknown values Pipe Flow Expert generates initial estimates for the flow rate at each outlet point in the pipeline system The Out flows are used to estimate the flow rate in each pipe The
229. stream of the closed pipe This is the minimum pressure the PRV can be set to i e it is equivalent to finding the pressure downstream of the valve for the case where the valve is fully closed Back Pressure Valves Back Pressure Valves allow the user to set a pressure at a node upstream of the valve i e at the start of the pipe The back pressure valve BPV introduces an additional pressure loss in the pipe to control the pressure at the node upstream of valve to the value specified by the user A pipe with a Back Pressure Valve fitted cannot have a tank or pressure demand set on either end No other pipe which connects to a pipe with a Back Pressure Valve fitted can contain a control valve FCV PRV or BPV Pipe Flow Expert removes the pipe from the system and sets the pressure at the upstream node N1 by replacing it with an appropriately defined tank The tank elevation is set to equal the node elevation the liquid level is set to zero and the fluid surface pressure is set to the back pressure valve setting At the downstream node an in flow demand is then set equal to the flow into the upstream node N1 Hence the pipe is replaced by a tank at the upstream node and an in flow at the downstream node while the system is being solved The in flow at the downstream node must equal the flow rate into the upstream node that is now represented by a pressurized tank Pressure balance equation d dp vu Du Top pipe 1 O mi JD DV
230. sures at each node HGL hydraulic grade line values pump operating points NPSHa at pump inlet The input and display of system information on the Pipe Flow Expert drawing and in the results tables can be shown in metric or imperial units to suit your preference and specific units for each item such as flow rate can also be configured and set on an individual basis as required Pipe Flow Expert has been designed for the professional engineer who needs a powerful tool that has a class leading easy to use and robust interface that makes it simple to design and analyze pipe networks Pipe Flow Expert Overview Pipeline systems range from very simple ones with a single pipe to very large and complex networks with hundreds of interconnecting pipes They may be as simple as a single pipe carrying water from one reservoir to another reservoir or they may be more complex with many pipelines interconnecting to distribute fluid over a large area or they could fall somewhere in between such as a system that transfers a chemical from a supply container to various process points The pipelines may vary in size and nature and will usually involve changes in elevation from one point to another These pipeline systems may include reservoirs pressurized tanks pumps valves flow control devices heat exchangers and other components that affect flow in the pipelines 12 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide The pipeline system is modeled by drawing the join poin
231. t elevation fields have been filled in and the pump symbol you want displayed on the pipe system drawing has been selected 3 Type the pump s name in the Name field 4 Click the Set Flow Rate radio button 5 Select the flow rate units and enter the flow rate required 6 Click the Save button to save the pump flow rate data to the pipe r Pump Data File Edit Graph Lu tal amp ba m E D Open Pump Database 9 Add Pump to Database ba Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet Details of pump on pipe 2 P2 Pump Performance Curve Name Along Pipe at Elevation Symbol Pump Catalog Manufacturer Type Motor rpm Pump Size Stages Pump 3 000 m 10 000 m Y lt 1 0 Model Pump for Notes Min Speed Max Speed 5 J rom L o Set Flow Rate 250 00 l min v H pm Min Impeller Max Impeller Set Head Increase 0 000 m Fluid e 0 000 ram 0 000 mm Set Speed 0 rpm Speed Fo m sec Headmm H20 NPSHr Effic Power Set Impeller Diameter 0 000 millimetre Diam 0 000 Flow Head Efficiency NPSHr Zoe mm He e m hd Fluid Figure 62 Fixed Flow Rate Pump The system can now be solved using the fixed flow rate from the pump Note about Fixed Flow Rate Pumps Since the flow rate of the pump is fixed the addition of multiple fixed flow rate pumps may produce a system where the in flow and out flow of a particular node are not the same and this would result in an invalid system where a flow balance could never be achieved
232. t will not be possible achieve the calculated flow rate Pipe Flow Expert does not model changes in the gas characteristics due to pressure or temperature changes To correctly model the pressure drop for the entered Cv or Kv value the density of the gas used in the calculation must be the density of the gas at the outlet of the valve component 176 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide In effect this means that the fluid data for the fluid zone associated with the control valve must be defined for the approximate pressure condition at the outlet of the valve component The pressure drop for the gas flow rate through the valve based on the entered Cv or Kv flow coefficient and the fluid zone density in the pipe will be calculated The calculated pressure drop accounts for the effect of the expansion of the gas through the valve since using the approximate fluid density of the gas at the valve outlet as specified in the fluid zone associated with the pipe during calculation of the solution caters for this characteristic If the fluid zone associated with the control valve does not represent the pressure condition at the outlet of the valve component it may be necessary to use an adjusted Cv or Kv value for valve selection to take in to account the effect of the gas expansion The adjusted Cv or Kv value should be based on the Cv or Kv formula for sub critical gas pressure drop A simplified version of the Cv formula for sub critical gas pressu
233. tem you should set the preferences of your choice In Pipe Flow Expert you can configure whether imperial metric or specifically chosen units are used throughout the system The labelling used on the pipe system drawing can be altered such that specific items can be selected to be shown or excluded as required The configuration settings for a pipe system can be amended at any time while you are working in a pipe system however defining your choices in advance will make it easier when you come to start the drawing process All configuration options are saved with the system and will be set to their saved values when a system is loaded Isometric System Options When the isometric drawing mode has been selected Pipe Flow Expert will show fittings valves components control valves and pumps in the isometric plane which follows the associated pipe direction Tanks and end pressure nodes will also be displayed in the isometric plane The drawing menu provides options to display an Isometric tank view from the left or to display an Isometric tank view from the right Selecting either of these options will change the display of all tanks and end pressure on the isometric view Designing a Pipe System To design a pipe system 1 Define the pipe system s fluid and the fluid s properties For more information about selecting a fluid see Defining the System Fluid 2 Add the applicable tanks to the system For more information about add
234. tems is available in Section Calculating the System Flow and Pressure 106 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Cv and Kv Flow Coefficients There are many different types of components and control valves on the market Each may have different flow pressure loss characteristics Manufactures of control valves usually publish a Cv flow coefficient or a Kv flow coefficient to describe the flow pressure loss characteristics of their control valves in a standardized manner A Cv flow coefficient specifies the volume of water in US gpm at 60 F 15 55 C that will flow through a valve with a 1 0 psi pressure drop across the valve Thus a Cv flow coefficient of 10 indicates that a 1 0 psi pressure drop will occur with a flow of 10 US gpm of water through the valve Pressure drop for the different fluids and different flow rates can be calculated from the Cv flow coefficient See Calculation Theory and Methods of Solution section for further details A Kv flow coefficient specifies the volume of water in m hour at 20 C 68 F that will flow through a valve with a 1 0 bar pressure drop across the valve Thus a Kv flow coefficient of 10 indicates that a 1 0 bar pressure drop will occur with a flow of 10m hour of water through the valve Pressure drop for the different fluids and different flow rates can be calculated from the Kv flow coefficient See Calculation Theory and Methods of Solution section for further details The component o
235. ters Select the units for display of the pipe internal roughness Select the units for display of the head losses Select the units for display of the flow rates Select the units for display of the mass flow rates Select the units for display of the fluid velocities Select the units for display of the pipe weights Select the units for display of the internal pipe volumes select the units for display of the surface areas of the pipes Select the units for display of the energy usage Select the units for display of pressure Select the units for display of the fluid liquid level 51 52 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide System Results Elevation Atmosphere Pressure Ref Pressure Temperature Density Imperial or Metric OK Cancel Select the units for display of the elevations of the nodes Value of standard atmosphere in absolute pressure units Select Gage or Absolute pressure units Select the units for display of the pressures at join points nodes Select option for display of the fluid temperatures Select the units for display of the fluid density Select general option for Imperial or Metric displays Confirm changes to configuration options Close the dialog without making any changes Calculations and Results 53 Pipe Settings Tab If you will be using the same type of pipe throughout the pipe system you can define the default pipe type using the Pipe Settings tab in the Configuration Options dialog When
236. th a resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels Microsoft Excel is required if the user wishes to export the results tables to a spreadsheet format Calculations and Results 13 Registration and Licensing Information Pipe Flow Expert is a software package that is provided for use on personal computer systems Installation When the program is installed it generates a unique product number that is shown on the registration screen when you run the program A matching license code must be entered to fully enable and license the software gt pipe FLO expert taking the pressure out of fluid flew calculations To purchase a license code Please visit www pipeflow com Product Code License Code 477636789 Hun Free Trial E License Software Figure 1 Pipe Flow Expert License Registration Purchasing a License Each installation of the software requires a license that must be purchased from www PipeFlow com current prices are shown on the web site Once enabled the software can be used forever on the machine to which it was installed You do not require an internet connection when licensing and enabling the software Moving a License We have a method of allowing a user to move the license to another machine and this service is provided free of charge for those users who have an ongoing annual support and maintenance agreement A fee is charged for generating a new license code for users who do not have an ongoing annual support p
237. the default pipe values are set each time you add a pipe to the system the pipe type and values are automatically defined for the pipe You can customize the values for an individual pipe in the system by editing its values in the Pipe pane or in the Pipe diameter data dialog The Pipe diameter data dialog contains a list of the pipe materials and sizes available in the pipe database and additional properties specific to a pipe in the system NOTE Be sure to enter the value for the pipe s properties in the units displayed next to the field For example if you are using metric units and m for meter is displayed next to the Length field enter the pipe length value in meters Various attributes of the default pipe may be copied to the list of selected pipes The Selection Tool or the Individual Pipe Selection Tool may be used to select which pipes are to selected prior to opening the Pipe Settings tab Individual pipes can be added or removed from the selected list by checking or un checking the box adjacent to the pipe description Configuration Options Labellirig Pipe Data Node Data Results Colors Calculations Default Pipe Data Default Pipe Copy Default Pipe Data to Selected tems 3 pipes selected Internal Diameter OOOO DI 112168 mm 0 005004 mm 6 096 m 112 166 mm m Copy Internal Diam Only 2 P2 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 0 610 m 3 P3 112 166 mm 0 005004 mm 3 048 m E Diam PE Copy ll Diamete
238. the size The selected size is displayed below the pipe material in the Pipe data section of the Pipe diameter data screen The edits made only affect the current pipe s properties they do not affect the database data Click Save Pipe to add the pipe s material and size and to close the Pipe diameter data The pipe s material is displayed under the Roughness field the nominal size is displayed under the Diam button and the pipe s length internal diameter and roughness are displayed in the Length Internal Diameter and Roughness fields in the Pipe pane Calculations and Results 93 Adding a Pipe Material to the Database If the pipe material you are using in the pipe system does not exist in the Pipe Flow Expert pipe database you can quickly add the material to the database by clicking the Add new material button on the Pipe diameter data dialog NOTE Be sure to enter the values for the pipe material s properties in the units displayed next to the field For example if you are using metric units and mm for millimeter is displayed next to the Internal Roughness field enter the internal surface roughness in millimeters To add new material to the pipe database 1 Select a pipe in the pipe system and click the Material button in the Pipe pane or click the Material button on the Default Values tab in the Configuration Options screen to open the Pipe diameter database with the material list displayed 2 Click the Add new material butt
239. tion is what they intended and if so then they can close the pipe and continue to solve the system 3 Fully Open This mode of operation occurs if the valve s set pressure is less than the pressure downstream of the valve for the case where the valve is fully open When this occurs in an actual pipe system the BPV maintains a fully open position and it has no effect on the flow conditions except to add a frictional loss through the valve In PipeFlow Expert this method of operation is detected and reported but the system is not solved because the differential pressure across the valve would have to be negative i e the valve would be acting like a pump rather than a pressure control Pipe Flow Expert will only solve a system when the BPV is operating in Regulating mode AVOIDING BPV OPERATION PROBLEMS In general BPV operation problems can be avoided by finding the valve s pressure regulating range and specifying the valve s set pressure to a value within this range such that the mode of operation is Regulating First solve the system without the BPV control and note the pressure at the node upstream of the pipe which previously contained the BPV This is the minimum pressure the BPV can be set to i e it is equivalent to finding the pressure at the valve outlet for the case where the valve is fully open Secondly solve the system after closing the pipe that contains the BPV and note the pressure at the node upstream of the closed pi
240. ton the fittings symbol is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 4 Click on the pipe on the Drawing pane where you want to add a fitting 5 Clicking on the pipe opens the Pipe fitting friction coefficients screen with a list of all the fittings available in the fitting database displayed in the Fitting Database list 6 To add a fitting using the Add Change Fittings button in the Pipe pane select the pipe to which you want to add a fitting in the Drawing pane 7 The pipe s information is displayed in the Pipe pane 8 Click the Add Change Fittings button Z 9 The number of fittings currently on the selected pipe is displayed on the Add Change Fittings button Clicking the Add Change Fittings button opens the Pipe fitting friction coefficients dialog with a list of all the fittings available in the fitting database displayed in the Fitting Database list 98 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 e Pipe fitting friction coefficients Fittings on P1 Steel ANSI 100 mm 1D 102 260 mm Pipe Id 1 Symbol Type Metric Imperial Description K value Qty Total K 3 65 EntProj 100 mm 4 Pipe Entry Projecting 0 7800 Gate 100 mm 4 Gate Valve 0 1400 Save SB 100 mm 4 Standard Bend 0 5100 PB 100 mm 4 Pipe Bend 0 2000 e E Clear Ki Cancel Pipe Size 100 mm 4 y 4 Add Selected Item On ToPipe Als Type St M
241. tor pm Pump Size Stages Pump 3 000 m 10 000m Y lt T 0 Model Pump for Notes Min Speed Max Speed a J rpm 0 rpm Set Flow Rate 0 0000 fR sec Min Impeller Max Impeller O Set Head Increase 65 00 ftFluid e e 0 000 mm 0 000 mm Set Speed 0 rpm Speed y Flow m sec HeadmmH20 MH Effic Power Set Impeller Diameter 0 000 millimetre Diam 0 000 Flow Head Efficiency NPSHr m sec mm He Es m hd Fluid Figure 63 Fixed Head Pressure Pump The system can now be solved using the fixed head pressure added by the pump 118 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Adding a Fixed Speed Pump Curve To add afi 1 2 d File Edit bla S amp S Name Set Head Increase Flow US gpm 0 40 00 80 00 120 00 160 00 200 00 Pump Data Details of pump on pipe 13 P13 Pump st 02a Model Pump for Set Flow Hate Set Speed Set Impeller Diameter xed speed pump to a pipe Add a pump to a pipe as described in the previous Adding a Pump section Ensure that the distance along the pipe and at elevation fields have been filled in and the pump symbol you want displayed on the pipe system drawing has been selected Type the pump s name in the Name field Click the Set Speed radio button Type the pump s number of rotations per minute rom in the Speed field Choose the diameter units and enter the pump impeller diameter if applicable Select the applicable units for the pump curve from the Flow and Head drop down list
242. ts and the connecting pipes on a drawing pane Horizontal vertical or sloping lines can be used to connect one node to another node The physical data describing the system is entered by the user and typically includes The internal size internal roughness and length of each connecting pipe The elevation of each join point node The In flow and the Out flow at each join point if applicable The elevation liquid level and surface pressure data for each tank The performance data for each pump Data input boxes are located at the left hand side of the drawing pane These input boxes will display the data for the currently selected node or pipe and may be used to amend the current data The data for a node pipe pump etc can be amended at any point during the design process Once the design has been completed the system can be analyzed and the flow and pressure results can be calculated The pressure losses within the system are calculated using friction factors obtained from the Colebrook White equation and the friction pressure loss for each pipe is obtained from the Darcy Weisbach equation An initial approximate solution is obtained using Linear Theory methods and an iterative approach to adjust the flow rates until an approximate pressure balance is achieved An alternative approach is to use estimates for the out flows and to use these estimates to set an initial flow rate in each pipe with the total in flow to each join point matchin
243. uch as flow control valves on all outlet paths through the system when a fixed flow rate pump has been selected this would result in an over controlled system Fixed Head Pressure Rise Pumps The user is able to elect to enter a fixed head or pressure rise for a pump This situation may be useful when trying to estimate the pump head required to produce the flow distribution to different parts of the network where a pump flow versus head curve has not be established The flow rates would be set by flow control valves on the outlet legs The minimum pump head would be determined by subtracting the smallest pressure introduced by the flow control valves from the fixed head supplied by the pump Net Positive Suction Head available Pipe Flow Expert is able to calculate the pressure available at a pump inlet This pressure will change if the mounting position of the pump along a pipe is changed The vapor pressure of the fluid being pumped is subtracted from the pump inlet pressure to obtain the Net Positive Suction Head available The NPSHa must be higher than the pump manufacturer s NPSHr Net Positive Suction Head requirement for the flow rate in order to prevent gas bubbles forming in the fluid Two Phase Flow Pipe Flow Expert is not able to model two phase flow such as gas liquid mixtures When two different fluids are mixed together it is possible that two phase flow may occur at some point in a system Pipe Flow Expert does not calculat
244. ues OK Cancel Description Pressure balance tolerance allowed around a loop for final solution Pressure balance tolerance allowed around a loop for initial solution Flow in and flow out difference allowed at join points Pressure balance accuracy tolerance allowed between adjoining nodes Maximum calculation iterations allowed to find initial approximate solution Maximum calculation iterations allowed to find final solution Rate of delta reduction adjustments to find final solution Starting velocity estimate for unknown discharge estimation Maximum velocity estimate allowed for unknown discharge estimation NPSHa lt NPSHr plus percentage allowance If NPSHa is less than NPSHr plus a percentage allowance a warning is issued in the results log If the liquid velocity in a pipe exceeds the set value a warning is issued in the results log If the gas velocity in a pipe exceeds the set value a warning is issued in the results log If the gas fluid density within an individual fluid zone differs from the average gas density by more than the percentage allowance a warning is issued in the results log Restore the standard settings for the calculation parameters Confirm changes to system calculation options Close the Calculations Tab without making any changes Calculations and Results 81 Fluid Zones Pipe Flow Expert will allow the user to design pipeline systems with up to 20 different fluid zones
245. ufacturer Type Motor rpm Pump Size Stages General Generic End suction 3000 1121 6454 O Notes Min Speed Max Speed The Pump Catalog Manufacturer Pump Type Motor rom Pump Size Stages and Notes fields should be filled in before saving the pump to a system or the pump database This supplementary information will be included on the PDF Pump Data Sheet and on the system s Results PDF Report when these documents are produced The supplementary information will also be available in the future when pump data is loaded from the pump database 124 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide WO K File Edit Graph bao ogee ba Ex Mx Open Pump Database Add Pump to Database EX Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet Details of pump on pipe 1 P1 Pump Performance Curve Name Along Pipe at Elevation Symbol Pump Catalog Manufacturer Type Motor rpm Pump Size Stages Pump 0 000 ft 0 000 ft 0 0 Notes Min Speed Max Speed 0 rpm 0 rpm Model Pump for O Set Flow Rate Min Impeller Max Impeller D Set Head Increase 0 000 m Fluid 0 000 inch 0 000 inch Set Speed 3450 rpm Flow US gpm Headfthd Fluid NPSHr Effic Power Set Impeller Diameter 6 500 inches 164 56 165 22 8 91 62 6 10 968 Flow Head Efficiency NPSHr Preferred Operating region between 0 00 and 0 00 US gpm US gpm ft Fluid v ft hd Fluid y r 7 7 J 0 199 359 0 0 000 55 44 197 436 3 900 80 21 193 590 4 200 97 12 191 026 4 900 122 28 183 974 6 000 139 19 176 923 7 700 172 61
246. uids Pipe Materials Energy All Results l i Chemical Formula Temperature Pressure Density Centistokes Centipoise Vapour Pressure State F psig bd psi a H20 68 000 0 0000 62 428 1 000 1 000 0 348091 Liquid Pipe Results Pipeld Pipe Name Fluid Zone Material Inner Diameter Roughness Lenath Total K Mass Flow and Notes inch inch ft Ib min P1 Water 68 F at 0 0ps 3 PC Iron pipe siz 3 166 0 000197 10 000 0 5000 937 4856 P2 Water 68 F at 0 0ps 3 PVC Iron pipe siz 3 166 0 0001 97 20 000 1 6100 937 4856 P3 Water 68 F at 0 0ps 1 1 2 PYC Iron pipe 1 720 0 000197 9 200 1 2600 337 1200 P4 Water 68 F at 0 0ps 1 1 2 PYC Iron pipe 1 720 0 000197 12 000 3 7800 337 1200 P5 Water 68 F at 0 0ps 2 PVC Iron pipe siz 2 149 0 000197 8 000 1 1400 600 3656 P6 Water 68 F at 0 0ps 1 1 2 PYC Iron pipe 1 720 0 000197 8 000 4 4100 333 8326 P Water 68 F at 0 0ps 1 1 2 PYC Iron pipe 1 720 0 000197 9 500 0 4200 266 5330 PS Water 68 at 0 0ps 1 1 2 PYC Iron pipe 1 720 0 000197 21 400 3 7800 266 5330 y 2 3 4 5 6 H H Fitting Results Pipeld Pipe Description K Value Imperial Size Metric Size Database Ref Quantity P1 Pipe Entry Sharp Edc 0 5000 3 80 mm EntSharp 1 P2 Branch Tee 1 0800 C 80 mm BT 1 Standard Bend 0 5300 EN 80 mm SB 1 Figure 83 pipe system results in Microsoft Excel Redesigning the System After a pipe system is solved the pipe system is read only in the Drawing pane If you decide that you want to modify a solved pip
247. uids The characteristics of each fluid zone must be set by the user Establishing the density and viscosity of fluid mixtures can be a complicated and a reliable independent method should be used to calculate the mixed fluid properties Two Phase Flow Additional Pressure Drop Pipe Flow Expert does not calculate the pressure drop for two phase flow When two different fluids are mixed together it is possible that two phase flow may occur at some point in a system Two phase flow can produce an extremely high pressure drop many times greater than the pressure drop of either individual fluid The user should make due allowance for any two phase flow pressure drop possibly by using a component to add an appropriate additional pressure loss Calculations and Results 83 Fluids Database Pipe Flow Expert includes a fluid database The Fluid Properties Database list on the Fluid data screen displays all fluids available in the fluid database When you are selecting a fluid to be used in the currently selected fluid zone you can select an existing fluid or add a new fluid by adding the fluid to the fluid database The Fluid Data can be defined and overwritten in the fluid properties section of the Fluid data screen New fluid data can be added to the existing database entries by using the Add New Fluid button e Fluid data Formula Temperature Pressure Density Viscosity Vapour Press State Save E bar g kg m Centipoise kPa abs
248. uired and click to perform the action Feature Change Pipe Diameter Change Pipe Material Add Edit Fittings Add Edit Component Loss Add Edit Control Valve Add Edit Pump Re Open Close Pipe Reverse Pipe Direction Prevent Backflow On Off Move Unlink end of pipe Use Pipe Valves for Drawing Change Fluid Zone Close Change Pipe Diameter Change Pipe Material 2l al d Add Edit Fittings Add Edit Component Add Edit Control Valve Add Edit Pump Re Open Close Pipe Reverse Pipe direction Prevent Backflow On Off Move Unlink end of Pipe E4 SS de Go En e ef Set as Default Pipe for Drawing Change Fluid Zone Close Figure 53 Pipe Sub Menu Description Opens the pipe diameter data pipe sizes for current material Opens the pipe diameter data materials list Opens the pipe fittings friction coefficients screen Opens the component pressure loss screen Opens the control valve data screen Opens the pump data screen Open a closed pipe Close a pipe Reverse the flow direction of a pipe Tag a pipe to prevent backflow Unlink the end of the pipe and allow re positioning Use the selected pipe data as the default pipe for drawing new pipes Change the fluid zone associated with the pipe Close the pipe sub menu 96 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Preventing Backflow in a pipe A selected pipe can be tagged to prevent backflow when the system is solved A
249. ure Discharge Dynamic viscosity Friction factor Elevation End pressure Fixed pressure Fluid head Gage pressure Hydraulic grade line in Hg K value Kinematic viscosity Moody diagram mm Hg NPSHa NPSHr Pressure loss Pump head Relative roughness Reynolds number Supply Vapor pressure Viscosity Glossary 185 Description Pressure measured with respect to zero pressure A standard atmospheric pressure of 1 01325 bar a or 14 696 psi a Absolute viscosity of a fluid expressed in Paes x 10 Kinematic viscosity of a fluid expressed in m s x 10 Note Pipe Flow Expert requires fluid viscosity to be entered in Centipoise An equation used to calculate accurate friction factors from the internal diameter and internal roughness of a pipe and the Reynolds number for the flow conditions An equation used to calculate the frictional head loss due to fluid flow from the friction factor the length and diameter of the pipe the velocity of the fluid and the gravitational constant The In Flow entering the system or the Out Flow leaving the system The pressure at a point of exit from the system Out Flow leaving the system The absolute viscosity of a fluid A factor to be used in the Darcy Weisbach equation Either calculated from the Colebrook White equation or read from the Moody diagram The height above sea level of a node or tank The pressure at a point where fluid leaves the system A static pressure l
250. urrently selected in the drawing pane The wall thickness of the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane The outside diameter of the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane The weight per unit length of the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane The internal volume ft9 100 ft or m3 100m of the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane The external surface area ft 2 100 ft or m2 100m of the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane 40 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Save Pipe Cancel Transfer Selected Size Size data listing Metric or Imperial Change Material Add new size Remove entry Save the selected data to the pipe currently selected in the drawing pane Close the Pipe Diameter database without making any changes Copy size data from data listing to entry boxes at top of the screen Listing of pipe sizes Display size data in metric or imperial units Display data dialog for pipe material Display input boxes for new pipe size data Remove a pipe size Pipe Fittings Database Pipe fitting friction coefficients Calculations and Results 41 Fittings on Pl Steel ANSI 100 mm JD 102 260 mm Pipe ld 1 Symbol Type Metric EntProj 100 mm Gate 100 mm SE 100 mm PE 100 mm Imperial Description E value Oty VEER q Pipe Entry Projecting 0 7200 4 Gate Valve 0 1400 EZ Save 4 Standard Bend 0 5100 n 7 FA Clear 4 Pipe Bend 0 2000 sl Ki Cancel Poe See WO w e
251. ut Button Click to make the drawing size smaller by one step Zoom In Button Click to make the drawing size larger by one step Zoom drawing to fit on screen Click to fit all of the drawing on the screen Pipe Flow Expert offers a choice of a drawing grid with square increments for standard designs or an isometric grid for use where it is desirable to create an isometric view It is possible to toggle between standard isometric design grids Moving from a standard grid to an isometric grid transposes the standard drawing on to a flat isometric plane A user can then adjust move the nodes as necessary to produce a drawing that looks 3D Moving from an isometric grid to a standard grid transposes the isometric drawing to a flattened view that produces a near plan view except that PipeFlow Expert does not allow nodes to appear at the same point on the grid and therefore nodes directly above or below each other on the isometric grid are offset at a diagonal angle when transposed to the flat view The system design can be amended in either drawing mode Calculations and Results 49 Configuration Options Screen Pipe Flow Expert can be configured to suit your requirements e The labelling options which show on the drawing can be selected e The units in which to display lengths diameters head loss velocity etc can be chosen e The details of a default pipe can be chosen these details will be used to draw any new pipes e Vari
252. value specified by the user The additional pressure loss across the control valve is reported in the results tables A BPV can operate under three different conditions 1 regulating 2 fully closed and 3 fully open How the valve operates depends on the defined set pressure value for the valve The fully open and fully closed positions represent the extreme operations of the valve Each of the valve positions is described below 1 Regulating The valve maintains the upstream pressure to the set value by introducing a pressure loss across the valve thus reducing the flow rate through the BPV 2 Fully Closed This mode of operation occurs if the valve s set pressure is greater than the pressure upstream of the valve for the case where the valve is closed When this occurs in an actual pipe system the flow through the BPV reverses and the BPV acts as a check valve closing the pipe In PipeFlow Expert this method of operation is detected and reported but the system is not then solved for this scenario The user must decide if this method of operation is what they intended and if so then they can close the pipe and continue to solve the system Calculations and Results 113 3 Fully Open This mode of operation occurs if the valve s set pressure is less than the pressure downstream of the valve for the case where the valve is fully open When this occurs in an actual pipe system the BPV maintains a fully open position and it has no ef
253. ve from the Curve Loss flow and head lists The left Curve Loss column represents the fluid s flow values and the right Curve Loss column represents the fluid head or pressure loss values Determine which points in the component s pressure loss data curve provided by the component manufacturer that you want to include in the component s pressure loss curve and type the flow and head values for each of these points in the Curve Loss table Add a minimum of three and maximum of eight points in the Curve Loss table After adding three curve points to the table you can have Pipe Flow Expert calculate the remaining points by clicking the Generate Curve button Click OK to save and add the component pressure loss data to the pipe The pressure loss data you enter can be saved to a pfco file by clicking the Save To File button By saving the data to a pfco file you can reuse the component s pressure loss data for other pipes in the pipe system or future pipe systems When a component pressure loss is added to a pipe the Include check box is displayed and selected next to the Add Change Component Pressure Loss button E When the Include check box is selected Pipe Flow Expert includes the data from the component pressure loss on the pipe in the calculations for solving the pipe system To remove the component pressure loss data from the calculations clear the Include check box Information about calculating and solving pipe sys
254. want to add a demand flow The Set Flow Demands dialog opens To add a demand flow from the Node pane select a join point on the Drawing pane to display the join point s properties in the Node pane and then click one of the Edit buttons in the Node pane to open the Set Flow Demands dialog Both Edit buttons in the Node pane open the Set Flow Demands dialog Calculations and Results 133 Set Flow Demands Node 4 NA Additional Demand Flows In Flow 0 0000 TIP eser k Out Flow 262535 lPisec k Ok Lancel Clear Figure 69 Set Flow Demands dialog 6 Select the flow units from the drop down list of available units 7 Type the required flow rate for the fluid ENTERING the system at the join point in the In Flow field if applicable 8 Type the required flow rate for the fluid LEAVING the system from the join point in the Out Flow field if applicable 9 If you select a different flow unit the value entry will be converted automatically to the equivalent value for the current selected flow unit 10 Click OK to add the join point s demand flow 134 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide Demand Pressures A demand pressure can only be set at exit points from the system e the boundaries or end nodes A demand pressure referred to as an end pressure in the Node pane is the required pressure demand at the end of a pipe when the fluid is discharged For example in a sprinkler system each sprinkler head may have
255. wing pane Using the Selection tool button El on the tool bar you can move nodes or groups of components in the Drawing pane To move system components using the Drag and Move Items button 1 Click the Drag and Move ltems button on the tool bar 2 When you click the Drag and Move Items button each of the pipe system s components are highlighted in the Drawing pane MOVE is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 3 Click the component you want to move and hold down the left mouse button in the Drawing pane 4 Drag the component where you want to move it 5 Release the left mouse button when you are done moving the component When you move components using the Drag and Move Items button the values for the moved components do not change If you want to change the value of a moved component such as pipe length the value needs to be manually updated in Pipe Flow Expert To move system components using the Selection tool 1 Click the Selection tool button E on the tool bar Calculations and Results 145 2 When you click the Selection tool button the selection icon is displayed next to your mouse pointer when the pointer is in the Drawing pane 3 Draw a box around the node or group of components you want to move in the Drawing pane 4 To draw a box click where you want to start the box in the Drawing pane and hold down the left mouse button then drag the mouse until you have
256. wing pane Use the Node pane to enter the Elevation Liquid level and Fluid surface pressure for the tank Add Demand Pressure Select the end pressure cursor Click where you want to add a fixed pressure demand in the Drawing pane Use the Node pane to enter the pressure and elevation for this fixed pressure demand Add Join Point Select the join point node cursor Click where you want to add a pipe join point in the Drawing pane Add Pipes Select the draw pipes cursor Click on a node in the Drawing pane where you want to add a pipe and then click where you want the pipe to end Right click to turn off the rubber banding Add Fittings Select the valve and fittings cursor Click on the pipe on which you want to add valves or fittings Use the Pipe fittings friction coefficients dialog to select the valves or fitting to be added Add Component Pressure Loss Select the component cursor Click on the pipe on which you want to add a component Use the Component pressure loss dialog to enter the pressure loss characteristics of the component 28 Pipe Flow Expert User Guide GJ le IEA ES Ss Elzisiiet j lu Ls le les Add Control Valve Select the control valve cursor Click on the pipe on which you want to add a control valve Use the Control data dialog to choose a flow valve type Choose a Flow Control Valve FCV to set the flow rate required in the pipe or a Pressure Reducing Valve PRV to set th
257. y the pump will be calculated When difficulties are experienced in solving a system perhaps because a chosen pump is not capable of producing the required flow it can be useful to solve the system using a fixed head pump that adds a high pressure The fixed head added by the pump can then be progressively reduced and the system re solved to identify the minimum pressure needed to produce the required flow through the system Using a fixed head pump as described above can often help identify bottlenecks in the system where perhaps design changes can be made to achieve the required flow rate with a lower pump head To model a fixed head pressure rise pump condition 1 Add a pump to a pipe as described in the previous Adding a Pump section 2 Ensure that the distance along the pipe and at elevation fields have been filled in and the pump symbol you want displayed on the pipe system drawing has been selected 3 Type the pump s name in the Name field 4 Click the Set Head Increase radio button 5 Select the head pressure units and enter the head pressure to be added 6 Click the Save button to save the pump head pressure data to the pipe D Kg Pump Data emm A File Edit Graph ba e ba Ea Ex Ex Open Pump Database Add Pump to Database EX Import Curve Image Create Pump Sheet Details of pump on pipe 2 P2 Pump Performance Curve Name Along Pipe at Elevation Symbol Pump Catalog Manufacturer Type Mo

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