User Guide Birth Cohort 2, Sweep 1
Contents
1. Table 3 10 Constituent and derived variables associated with parental knowledge of child development Variable name Description MaDkno01 Ma Agrees all infants need same amount sleep MaDkno02 Ma Agrees one year old knows right from wrong MaDkno2b Ma Younger or older to know right from wrong MaDkno03 Ma 12 month baby can remember hidden toys MaDkno3b Ma Younger or older to remember hidden toys MaDkno04 Ma Agrees one year olds often cooperate share MaDkno4b Ma Younger or older to cooperate share MaDkno05 Ma Agrees about 7 months old before baby can reach for thgs MaDkno5b Ma Younger or older to reach for grab thgs MaDkno06 Ma Agrees a baby says 1st real word by age six mths MaDkno6b Ma Younger or older when says 1st real word MaDkno01 Ma Agrees all infants need same amount sleep 3 4 6 Parental Health Medical Outcomes Study 12 Item Short Form SF 12 Health related quality of life was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 12 ltem Short Form SF 12 This has also been used in the Scottish Health Survey and has previously been used in population surveys on many occasions for example the Health Survey for England and the National Survey of NHS Patients The SF 12 is a 1 Nord C et al 2005 Early Childhood Longitudinal Study ECLS B User s Manual for the ECLS B Nine Month Public Use Data and Electronic Code Book See http nces ed gov pubs2005 2005013 pdf 18 ScotCen Social Research2. te Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 User Guide Authors Paul Bradshaw and Joan Corbett Date September 2013 ScotCen Social Research that works for society 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 9 2 6 2 1 2 8 2 9 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 Overview of the SUFVEy cccssssssserssstesssstesnssseresenereas 3 Study DGSION oeio an aa a E ED E 3 S mple DESIGN siirssisiiiiis isisa aaa aaa es a Aaaa 4 1 2 1 Sample design differences from previous cohorts s sssssssssssssnsnssnsnsnsnnnnnnnnsnsnsenenennns 5 Data ea e 6 Seen eee ee ee eae eee eee eee ee 5 Response FateOS scssccccssessessessessessesseseeseesoeseesseseeseeseeseesoesoeseeseeseeseesoeseesoeseesoesoeses 6 USING the Gata ssccsssccsssccnsseessceessseeenseeesseensserssceesaces T VOUT VEIL AOI e dada vececte se caclacececade clade sede davededesietecacdadedaciedadecadesadedeni 7 The Gata file sescicjcoex cance sis tuveiciediaitex se sendeaedaviagentiaexceetersastavaedaenk 7 Variables on the data fil ccc cscscsssssseesessessessesecsessessesaesassaesaesaesaesaesaseassaseaseaes 7 Variable antes and labels siiis 8 2 4 1 Variable naming convention s ssssssssnsurnenenenensnsununununnnnnnunannenennnnnnanananannnnnnnenenenennnne 8 2 4 2 Variable labels onea A ie eee eae 8 24 3 Derved Vana DIES oa r aea aaae eraa aaa aa aa anana ap AtA e Taa E AAA E aE aa aE aai Eie 8 Survey Weight ess ac cee ach accent aac EEE
3. 1 2 brief displays 3 or more brief displays 1 2 intense heightened or prolonged displays 3 or more intense heightened or prolonged displays Child unwell 5 6 wm wre a TS YS wa Negative affect This item is drawn from NESS and MCS and was developed from a single scale in the BSID IBR as discussed in 3 Table 3 17 Observation item on positive affect Variable name MaObs4 Degree of child s negative mood in response to you or Parent 1 Interviewer Negative mood includes fussing pouting whining crying and vocal or physical expression of anger The ratings refer to both duration and intensity Ignore a brief display if there were intense or prolonged displays 1 2 3 1 None displayed 4 1 2 brief displays 3 or more brief displays 1 2 intense heightened or prolonged displays 3 or more intense heightened or prolonged displays Child unwell 5 6 we re a PT YH wa Fearfulness This item appears as a statement rather than a question but otherwise with same wording and scale in both NESS and MCS and as replicated here in GUA The ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 23 statement is developed from the BSID IBR measure of fearfulness although the response scale was modified from listing types of behaviours to number of instances Table 3 18 Observation item on fearfulness Variable name MaObs4 How shy or an
4. Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 widely used self reported generic measure of health status yielding both a physical component PCS and a mental health component MCS summary scale score It is tailored for use in large health surveys of general populations Higher scores on both the physical and mental health component scales are indicative of better health related quality of life the indicator is based on informants self reports of their own physical and mental functioning and as such are subjective This may lead to differential reporting between informants with equivalent status Table 3 11 Constituent and derived variables associated with SF 12 Variable name Description MaHpgn01 Ma How is resp health in general MaHimt01 Ma Resp health limits moderate activities MaHImt02 Ma Resp health limits climbing stairs MaHIimt03 Ma Resp health limited accomplishments past 4 wks MaHIimt04 Ma Resp health limited reg activities past 4 wks MaHIimt05 Ma Resp mental health limited accomplishments past 4 wks MaHImto6 Ma Resp mental health limited quality of work activ past 4 wks MaHImt07 Ma Resp physical pain limited normal work past 4 wks MaHpgno2 Ma Time resp felt calm in past 4 wks MaHpgn03 Ma Time resp felt energetic in past 4 wks MaHpgn04 Ma Time resp felt down in past 4 wks MaHpgn05 Ma Time resp health interfered socially in past 4 wks DaSF12ph Da Physi
5. These weights make the weighted sample match the population in terms of the variables used to calibrate in this case age of child benefit recipient number of children in the household and age and sex of the child The final GUS BC2 sweep 1 weights are contained in the variable DaWTbrth Further details on the weighting procedure can be provided on request 2 6 Comparing data between cohorts The variable name does not identify the cohort it was asked of in any way Therefore where the same question was asked of both cohorts or the same variable was derived for each the names will be exactly the same For example DaHGagc indicates the cohort child s age in months at sweep 1 This variable is available both in the BC2 sweep 1 and BC1 sweep 1 datasets Where there is a variable in the BC2 sweep 1 dataset that has a matching variable in the BC1 sweep 1 dataset this has been indicated in the variable list 2 Multicoded questions Some questions in the survey enabled participants to give more than one answer In the final dataset each of the answer options has been converted into a binary variable with the people who selected that option coded 1 and the rest coded 0 As an example question MaPGvd is a CODE ALL THAT APPLY question which asks Did you take vitamin D supplements including multivitamins prior to or during your pregnancy The code frame consists of five values Yes prior to becoming pregnant Yes during
6. 10 000 or more 6 Remote Rural Settlements of less than 3 000 people and with a drive time of over 30 minutes to a settlement of 10 000 or more The variables indicating the urban rural classification of the child s home address is ALaURin2 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 13 For further details on the classification see the Scottish Government website http www scotland gov uk Topics Statistics About Methodology UrbanRuralClassific ation 3 3 2 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation SIMD identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across Scotland It is based on 37 indicators in the seven individual domains of Current Income Employment Health Education Skills and Training Geographic Access to Services including public transport travel times for the first time Housing and a new Crime Domain SIMD is presented at data zone level enabling small pockets of deprivation to be identified The data zones which have a median population size of 769 are ranked from most deprived 1 to least deprived 6 505 on the overall SIMD and on each of the individual domains The result is a comprehensive picture of relative area deprivation across Scotland SIMD is regularly updated reflecting local changes in the various indicators The classificatory variables contained in the BC2 sweep 1 datasets is based on the 2009 version
7. 12 Constituent and derived variables associated with CSBS Infant Toddler Checklist Variable name Description Emotion and Eye Gaze MaCSBS04 Ma Child looks at toy resp points to Communication MaCSBS05 Ma Child lets resp know if needs help MaCSBS07 Ma Child does things so resp laughs MaCSBS08 Ma Child gets resp to notice things Gestures MaCSBS09 Ma Child gives things to resp MaCSBS10 Ma Child shows things to resp MaCSBS11 Ma Child waves to greet people MaCSBS12 Ma Child points to objects Understanding MaCSBS13 Ma Child nods for yes MaCSBS19 Ma Child responds to own name MaCSBS20 Ma Nbr of words phrases child understands Derived variables DaDcsc03 Da CSBS Cluster 3 Gestures DaDcsc06 Da CSBS Cluster 6 Understanding Further details on the CSBS can be found at http www brookespublishing com store books wetherby csbsdp index htm checklist 3 4 8 Material deprivation In the last decade governments in the UK have increasingly adopted multiple ways of measuring poverty moving away from a reliance on income alone One of these alternative methods is consideration of the extent to which a family has been deprived of certain essential items or activities An index of material deprivation was first developed by the Department for Work and Pensions and has been incorporated into Government measures of child poverty Material depriva
8. 3 314 332 z Dumas J E J Nissley et al 2005 Home chaos Sociodemographic parenting interactional and child correlates Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 34 1 93 104 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 i7 3 4 5 Parenting Parental knowledge of child development This set of questions consisted of 6 items selected from a subset from the much larger Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory KIDI as used on the 9 month interview on the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort This instrument was designed to assess knowledge of parents caregiving practices their knowledge of developmental processes and their knowledge of common infant norms of behaviour Researchers on ECLS B had used particular items that were relevant for children of the target age of the 9 month data collection Given the similarity in target age of the GUS BC2 children these items were deemed relevant for inclusion One of these items is simple in that it presents a statement about children s sleep that may be correct or incorrect The respondent was asked to indicate agreement or disagreement with the statement The remaining five items can be considered compound in which the respondent first indicated agreement or disagreement with an initial statement and in the case of disagreement indicated whether it would be characteristic of a younger or older child
9. 3 2 or more times 4 Can t tell including does not speak English Caldwell B M amp Bradley R H 2003 Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Administration Manual Tempe AZ Family amp Human Dynamics Research Institute Arizona State University 22 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 Positive affect This item and the following on negative affect were included in both NESS MCS and GUA using identical rating scales The word mood replaced affect NESS and reaction MCS for interviewer intelligibility These mood affect measures were developed from a single bi polar question rating happiness in the Infant Behaviour Record from the Bayley Scales for Infant Development BSID IBR Positive and negative affect are recorded separately in NESS MCS and GUA to allow for the possibility of high positive and negative emotionality co occurring and for greater clarity and simplicity in scoring This approach was replicated in GUS Table 3 16 Observation item on positive affect Variable name MaObs3 Degree of child s positive mood in response to you or Respondent Interviewer Positive mood includes smiling laughing or sounded excited happy or pleased The ratings refer to both duration and intensity Ignore a brief display if there were intense or prolonged displays 1 2 3 1 None displayed 4
10. of SIMD It should be noted that prior GUS datasets pertaining to other cohorts contain variables which use earlier versions of SIMD Two variables are included in the dataset In the first the data zones are grouped into quintiles Quintiles are percentiles which divide a distribution into fifths i e the 20th 40th 60th and 80th percentiles Those respondents whose postcode falls into the first quintile are said to live in one of the 20 least deprived areas in Scotland Those whose postcode falls into the fifth quintile are said to live in one of the 20 most deprived areas in Scotland The variable is ALaSNim2 A common SIMD comparison also made in Scottish Government research is that between households in the most deprived 15 of area and those in the remaining 85 This classification is included in variable ALaLow15 Further details on SIMD can be found on the Scottish Government Website http www scotland gov uk T opics Statistics SIMD Overview 3 3 3 Area level variables Carstairs Index The Carstairs and Morris index was originally developed in the 1980s using 1981 census data It is composed of four indicators at postcode sector level that were judged to represent material disadvantage in the population Lack of car ownership Registrar General Social Class Overcrowded households and male unemployment The index has also been calculated based on 1991 and 2001 census data It is often used in health related research The d
11. 2013 24 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 The full report is available on the web at http www scotland gov uk Publications 2013 02 3280 0 Users might also be interested in viewing the rest of the GUS website http www growingupinscotland org uk This contains a large amount of useful information including the background to the study and a wide range of publications using existing data 4 2 Data workshops The Growing Up in Scotland team deliver workshops designed to provide an overview of and introduction to the study and available data Information on forthcoming workshops is made available via the study website Users may find the slides and handouts from previous workshops useful when approaching analysis of GUS data These are available from the Using GUS data section of the website http growingupinscotland org uk about gus using gus data data workshops ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 25 ScotCen Social Research 73 Lothian Road Edinburgh EH3 9AW T 0131 228 2167 www scotcen org uk A company Limited by Guarantee Registered in England No 4392418 A Charity registered in England and Wales 1091768 and Scotland SC038454 26 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1
12. 69 minutes There was a brief self complete section in the interview in which the respondent using the laptop input their responses directly into the questionnaire programme The contents of the interview are listed in section 3 At this sweep primarily because of the inclusion of questions on the mother s pregnancy and birth of the sample child interviewers were instructed as far as possible to undertake the interview with the child s mother Where the child s mother was not available interviews were undertaken with the child s main carer The child s mother was the respondent in 98 of cases In most of the remaining cases the respondent was the child s father with a small number being a grandparent Fieldwork was undertaken over a fourteen month period commencing in January 2011 The sample was issued in twelve monthly waves at the beginning of each month gt The FNP is a preventative nurse led intensive home visiting programme offered to young mothers having their first baby It begins in early pregnancy and is orientated to the future health and well being of the child ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 5 and each month s sample was in field for a maximum period of two and a half months For example sample 2 was issued at the beginning of February 2011 and remained in field until mid April 2011 To ensure that respondents were interviewed when their children were approximately
13. aae aaaea aaan Aaa SEERE A LATA EERE SEEREN 8 Comparing data between cohorts ssssessssssssusnsusnonurnnusnnnnsnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnne 9 Multicoded questions cscesciscesctsscsstacssctscecsescenstecssceatesctecsssiaceactscstcnatenctacstseatanctacsiensieies 9 Dropped Variables eee geese ce cerezeccezs etezacciezazenccsczens eaezancroeers EEEE 10 Missing values CONVENTIONS ccscssessessssestecsesseseeseesaesaesaesaesaesassaesaesaesaesaesassaeens 10 Eek RE Ne cannes orange distin an baskepadeceneabactaveutpataveiestiont 10 Information about the household ccceescsesecseesecsecseeseesecsesseessessesaeseesaseaeeanens 10 Main SOCIO ECONOMIC VAFIADIES cccscsesesesecssesesesseseeseesassaesaesaesaesaesaesaseaeeaeeas 11 3 2 1 National Statistics Socio economic Classification NS SEC ccccssseseeeeeeeees 11 3 2 2 Equivalised household annual inCOME cccssssscseesesecseseeeeseesessesessensesseseeeeees 12 Area level Variables cscsscssssssssssessessessessesesessessessesseseeseesoeseesoeseeseesoesoesoess 13 3 3 1 Area level variables Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification 0008 13 3 3 2 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation cccceccseseseeeseseesessesesseesesesesenseeseees 14 3 3 3 Area level variables Carstairs Index cccscscsescsseeseeseseseeseesessesessessessesassesseneeas 14 3 3 4 Scottish Health Board indicator ccccsssesesseceseseesecseeesees
14. annual household income value Variables with the full equivalised income scale DaEqvinc and quintiles of the scale DaEqv5 are available in the datasets 3 3 Area level variables 3 3 1 Area level variables Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification The Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification was first released in 2000 and is consistent with the Government s core definition of rurality which defines settlements of 3 000 or less people to be rural It also classifies areas as remote based on drive times from settlements of 10 000 or more people The definitions of urban and rural areas underlying the classification are unchanged The classification has been designed to be simple and easy to understand and apply It distinguishes between urban rural and remote areas within Scotland and includes the categories shown in Table 3 4 IEICE Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification Classification Description 1 Large Urban Areas Settlements of over 125 000 people 2 Other Urban Areas Settlements of 10 000 to 125 000 people 3 Accessible Small Towns Settlements of between 3 000 and 10 000 people and within 30 minutes drive of a settlement of 10 000 or more 4 Remote Small Towns Settlements of between 3 000 and 10 000 people and with a drive time of over 30 minutes to a settlement of 10 000 or more 5 Accessible Rural Settlements of less than 3 000 people and within 30 minutes drive of a settlement of
15. ated by adding together the implied contributions of each household member from the table below LEIGES Income equivalence scales for household members Household member Equivalence scale Head 0 67 Subsequent adults 0 33 Each child aged 0 13 0 20 Each child aged 14 18 0 33 For example a household consisting of a single adult will have an equivalence scale of 0 67 in other words he or she can typically attain the same standard of living as a childless couple on only 67 percent of its income In a household consisting of a couple with one child aged three the head of the household would contribute 0 67 the spouse 0 33 and the child 0 20 giving a total equivalence scale of 1 20 In other words this household would need an income 20 percent higher than a childless couple to attain the same standard of living 12 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 The distribution of income for the population of the United Kingdom as a whole is taken from the most recent available data from the Family Resources Survey The data and methodology are the same as those used by the Government in its annual Households Below Average Income publication GUS collects a banded version of total net household income from all sources in the main CAPI interview This income data is adjusted using the above equivalence scale according to the characteristics of the household to produce an equivalised
16. by HMRC were used to identify ALL children who were within the eligible age range born between 1 March 2010 and 28 February 2011 and living in the selected PSUs In households with twins only one child was selected to reduce burden on the parents A letter was sent to the child benefit recipient in all eligible households informing them that they had been selected for inclusion in the study Recipients were able to opt out of the study at this stage Those cases which did not opt out were deemed eligible for interview Details of the number of eligible cases identified the number of opt outs and so on is provided in section 1 4 A ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 1 2 1 Sample design differences from previous cohorts There are a number of small but important differences in the sample design used for BC2 and the earlier cohorts For BC1 and CC after selecting the eligible children the DWP made a number of exclusions before transferring the sample details These exclusions included cases they considered sensitive and children that had been sampled for research by the DWP in the last 3 years No obvious exclusion of cases was made by HMRC during sample selection for BC2 In addition whereas for BC1 sample updates were received on a monthly basis from the DWP for BC2 these were received quarterly This meant that compared with BC1 BC2 addresses were more likely to be out of da
17. cal PCS 12 Scale DaSF12mn Da Mental MCS 12 Scale 3 4 7 Child Development Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scale Infant Toddler Checklist Within the self completion section of the interview respondents had to complete questions which assessed their child s communication emotional development understanding and interaction with peers Questions for parents in the birth cohort form ihe Infant Toddler checklist of the Communication and Symbolic Behaviour CSBS The CSBS questions are grouped into categories called clusters Each cluster assesses different aspects of the child s development The items in each cluster can be summed to yield individual cluster scores The BC2 questionnaire contained all items from the Gestures and Understanding clusters as well as selected items from the Emotion and Eye Gaze and Communication clusters As well as containing the constituent items the dataset also includes a set of derived variables including the two full cluster scores Details of these variables are included in Table 3 12 Corresponding syntax is detailed in the derived variable documentation which accompanies this User Guide 1 Wetherby A amp Prizant B 2001 Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Preliminary Normed Edition Baltimore MD Paul H Brookes Publishing Co ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 19 Table 3
18. ch they will retain through each sweep of the survey 10 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 A set of derived summary household variables is also included in the data Amongst other things these detail the number of adults number of children or number of natural parents in the household A list of these variables is included in Table 3 1 A set of variables which allow identification of the respondent and their partner if present in the household grid are also included These permit easier analysis of respondent s and partner s age marital status and relationship to other people in the household The age variables have been banded for all persons in the household except the study child Table 3 1 Selected household derived variables Variable name Variable label DaHGnmad Da Number of adults 16 or over in household DaHGnmkd Da Number of children in household DaHGnmsb Da Number of siblings in household DaHGnp01 Da Number of natural parents in household DaHGrsp01 Da Whether respondent is natural mother DaHGrsp02 Da Whether respondent is natural father DaHGnp02 Da Natural mother in household DaHGnp03 Da Natural father in household DaHGnp04 Da Respondent living with spouse partner DaMothID Da Mother s ID Person number in household DaFathID Da Father s ID DaRespID Da Respondent s ID DaPartID Da Re
19. d with a derived variable coded into broader categories in order to reduce the potential to identify individuals e Those containing text e Those which contained a personal identifier e g name address e Those considered to be disclosive such as Detailed ethnicity Detailed religion Language spoken at home Full interview date Full date of birth Timing variables 000000 There are no geographical variables in the archived dataset beyond area urban rural classification the Scottish index of multiple deprivation summary variable and a derived variable identifying some of the Scottish Health Board areas Some of these variables may be available on request including via the UKDS Secure Data Service 2 9 Missing values conventions 1 Not applicable Used to signify that a particular variable did not apply to a given respondent usually because of internal routing 8 Don t know Can t say 9 No answer Refused These conventions have also been applied to most of the derived variables 3 Data content 3 1 Information about the household In addition to the questions asked about the child and parents the respondent was also asked about each household member The gender age and marital status of each household member was collected along with their relationship to each other and the cohort child see page 5 of the questionnaire for details of the relationship variables Each person was identified by their person number whi
20. dinal data at a national level about children who were born in particular year and who had survived until the first point of data collection GUS was initially based on two cohorts of children The first known as birth cohort one was aged approximately 10 months at the time of first interview and involved around 5217 children at the first sweep of data collection The second known as the child cohort was aged approximately 34 months at the first interview and involved around 2800 children at the first sweep The second birth cohort birth cohort two of 6127 children aged around 10 months at the time of the first interview was recruited in 2011 All cohorts were named samples drawn from Child Benefit records The configuration of cohorts and sweeps for all sweeps of data collection launched to date is summarised in Table 1 1 Throughout the text BC1 refers to the younger of the two cohorts birth cohort one CC to the slightly older cohort child cohort and BC2 to the most recent birth cohort birth cohort two Because the study does not include children who were stillborn or who died prior to the first contact the sample is not representative of all births in Scotland the reference period ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 3 Table 1 1 Sample design Cohort Year of data collection Child s age at data collection Child c
21. eesesesasseesessesassesseneeas 15 TOPIC measures and INSTFUMENKS cseeeseeseeseesecseeeesesaesaesaesaesaeeaseaseaeeaeeaeeaeeaees 15 3 4 1 Parenting Parenting Deliefs cccscssesseseessssssesseesessesssseeseesesesessenseseseseenseeaeeas 15 3 4 2 Parenting Parenting Str SS cccssssssesscsssssscesecsecsesssssesessesseseeseesessesseneesessntasas 16 3 4 3 Parenting Infant maternal attachment negative feelings about parenting 17 3 4 4 Parenting HOME ChaOS scscscsccscssssescsessesssseesecsecsessensesessesseseesecsessesseneesessesaasas 17 3 4 5 Parenting Parental knowledge of child developmentt cccssssssssssseeseeeeeeees 18 3 4 6 Parental Health Medical Outcomes Study 12 Item Short Form SF 12 00008 18 3 4 7 Child Development Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scale Infant Toddler CIEGKIISE sscsccscadssiss0oderseitevecuecciasiactrei dastineseltendieeetiae sive nada 19 3 4 8 Material deprivation cccsssssccssecsssseccsecsesssseesecsessessseeesessessessesessessesseneesessetaaeas 20 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 3 5 4 1 4 2 Interviewer observations ccccsseecescessseeessseesssersesseeesssneeesensesseeevsseeeesensvasenevsseneneas 21 3 5 1 Parent child interactions and Child DENAVIOUN ccccceecsercsescseseeesseereeseneeeseeeseeees 22 3 5 2 Accommodation and local neighbourhood s sssssssssesnsnnsn
22. ements Having a child leaves little time and flexibility in my life It is difficult to balance different responsibilities because of my child Having a child has meant having too few choices and too little control over my life Responses were on a 5 point scale from 1 strongly agree to 5 strongly disagree Table 3 7 Variables associated with Parenting Stress Scale Variable name Description MaPstrs1 Ma Little time flexibility in life with a child MaPstrs2 Ma Hard to balance diffrt responsibilities because of child MaPsirs3 Ma Agrees less choices control over life due to child a Berry J O and W H Jones 1995 The Parental Stress Scale Initial Psychometric Evidence Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 12 3 463 472 16 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 3 4 3 Parenting Infant maternal attachment negative feelings about parenting Negative feelings about parenting were measured via four items taken from the Condon Maternal Attachment Scale relating to feelings of incompetence resentment annoyance and impatience Table 3 8 Variables associated with negative feelings about parenting Variable name Description MaMfee01 Ma Resps annoyance irritation when caring for child MaMfee04 Ma Resps competence confidence when caring for child MaMfee05 Ma Resps patience when caring for child MaMfee06 Ma Resps resent
23. eprivation score is divided into seven separate categories ranging from very high to very low deprivation The variables the Carstairs classification of the child s home address is ALadepct Further information can be found on the website of the NHS Information Services Division here http www show scot nhs uk publications isd deprivation_and_health background HT M 14 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 3 3 4 Scottish Health Board indicator To provide some geographic information which would allow comparison across the sweeps for the Birth Cohort a Scottish Health Boards derived variable ALaHBdBc has been added to the dataset In order to reduce the risk of potential disclosure only those Health Boards which had 250 cases or more at Sweep 1 were identified the rest being aggregated into a single category called Other The 9 Health Boards identified out of the original 14 Scottish Health Boards are listed in table 3 5 below Health Board Identified or aggregated in the dataset Ayrshire and Arran Identified Borders Aggregated Dumfries and Galloway Aggregated Fife Identified Forth Valley Identified Grampian Identified Greater Glasgow and Clyde Identified Highland Identified Lanarkshire Identified Lothian Identified Orkney Aggregated Shetland Aggregated Tayside Identified Western Isles Aggregated 3 4 Topic measures and in
24. have been demonstrated as a reliable and useful method of reporting on child and parent behaviour and local neighbourhood during the course of a home visit The set of observation items included in sweep 1 with BC2 were a highly efficient means of gaining further data about the child s home environment The observational data strengthens other sources of data in GUS providing further objective information on the relationship between child characteristics the family environment and child outcomes They are designed to be used in combination with related items from the main carer interview rather than standalone items Observations were completed after the interviewer finished the interview and left the respondent s home The observations can be classified into two distinct areas e Parent child interactions and child behaviour e Accommodation and local neighbourhood Items on parent child interactions and child behaviour could only be completed if the child was present during the interview Guidance provided to interviewers can be found in the Interviewer Instructions in the accompanying documentation ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 21 3 5 1 Parent child interactions and child behaviour Parental responsivity warmth This item forms part of the HOME Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment Inventory observational measures of maternal responsivity there are 6 items i
25. he user must therefore take these variations into account when creating derived variables ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 7 2 4 Variable names and labels 2 4 1 Variable naming convention Variables names are normally made up of 8 characters the first indicates the source of the variable the second the sweep of data collection and the rest is an indication of the question topic Therefore where the same question was asked in the different sweeps the names will usually be the same apart from the second character If a variable name has changed substantially between sweeps this is marked in the variable list The naming convention is summarised in Table 2 1 Table 2 1 GUS variable naming conventions Source of data Sweep Sweep Key theme Sub theme Variable prefix stem number abbreviation Non sequential Capitals M Sequential lower case a b Non Abbreviated e g 01 99 D AL Ga sequential lower case or Ip nc cb Capitals e g hea Source Details Sweep Details e g C P code code N AL Area Level variable a Sweep 1 2011 D Derived variable b Sweep 2 2013 M Main carer Cc Sweep 3 2015 interview 2 4 2 Variable labels The variable labels have been shortened to be 80 characters or fewer as far as possible the first two show the source and year of the data as in the variable name Although the labels give an indication of the topic of
26. ield and for 64 of all identified eligible cases It is possible to compare the latter figure with BC1 data where the equivalent response rate was 63 Differences in the way the Child Benefit sample was administered by HMRC and DWP between the two cohorts in particular the process by which cases were removed and the opt out process undertaken mean that the response rate for the ssued sample is not directly comparable between them Further details on differences in the sampling approach in case outcomes and in sample representativeness between the two cohorts are provided separately in the data user guide However the achieved samples are considered suitably similar in final composition and representativeness to allow valid comparison 6 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 2 Using the data 2 1 Documentation The documentation is provided as 3 PDF files organised into the following sections e Arepresentation of the CAPI questionnaire with variable names added and the show cards used during the interview e The Data Documentation comprising list of variables in the dataset including derived variables by topic and a separate list of derived variables with their SPSS syntax e Project instruction containing interviewer and coding instructions 2 2 The data file The GUS BC2 sweep 1 data consists of one SPSS file GUSC2SW1 sav 6127 cases 2 3 Variables on the data file The da
27. mt re what had to give up for child 3 4 4 Parenting Home chaos The questionnaire included a subset of three questions from the 15 item Confusion Hubbub and Order Scale CHAOS an instrument specifically designed to be administered to parents for assessing turmoil in the child s home CHAOS is used to assess a child s home life and the GUS items ask parents how strongly they agree disagree with questions about disorganisation noise having a calm atmosphere and having a regular routine at home US research has shown household chaos to be associated with behaviour problems inattention and cognitive development problems in children ele CER Variables associated with Home Chaos Variable name Description MaPcha01 Ma Home really disorganised MaPcha02 Ma Can t hear yourself think at home MaPcha03 Ma Calm atmosphere at home Condon J T amp Corkindale C J 1998 The assessment of parent to infant attachment development of a self report questionnaire instrument Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 16 57 76 7 Matheny J A P T D Wachs et al 1995 Bringing order out of chaos Psychometric characteristics of the confusion hubbub and order scale Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 16 3 429 444 3 Deater Deckard K 1998 Parenting stress and child adjustment Some old hypotheses and new questions Clinical Psychology Science and Practice 5
28. n on whether or not this category should be included as a separate category incorporated with category 5 Semi routine or routine or set to missing is dependent on the particular analysis to which it is being applied Further information on NS SEC is available from the National Statistics website at http www ons gov uk ons guide method classifications current standard classifications soc2010 soc2010 volume 3 ns sec rebased on soc2010 user manual index html The relevant variables are included in Table 3 2 Table 3 2 NS SEC variables on the dataset Variable name Description DaMsec01 Da Respondent NSSEC 6 Category DaYsec01 Da Partner NSSEC 6 Category DaMsec10 Da Household NSSEC 6 Category 3 2 2 Equivalised household annual income The income that a household needs to attain a given standard of living will depend on its size and composition For example a couple with dependent children will need a higher income than a single person with no children to attain the same material living standards Equivalisation means adjusting a household s income for size and composition so that we can look at the incomes of all households on a comparable basis Official income statistics use the Modified OECD equivalence scale in which an adult couple with no dependent children is taken as the benchmark with an equivalence scale of one The equivalence scales for other types of households can be calcul
29. n total and has been included as a single item measure in the National Evaluation of Sure Start NESS Millenium Cohort Study MCS and Growing Up in Australia GUA Table 3 14 Observation item on parental responsivity warmth Variable name MaObs1 Respondent spontaneously praises child s qualities or behaviour at least twice during the visit Interviewer The key word here is spontaneous but since most parents enjoy talking about and are proud of their children this is not hard to observe Frequently a parent will tell you how well her child throws a ball or runs and will brag about how well he she dresses himself herself or can get his her own drink Question refers to parent speaking about or to the child 1 Yes at least twice 2 No 3 Can t tell including does not speak English Parental acceptance This item also originates from the HOME Caregiver does not scold or criticize child during visit and was adapted for NESS and MCS response scale as below To simplify the instructions the word derogate NESS and MCS was replaced with belittle in GUA The item as used by GUA is adopted here Table 3 15 Observation item on parental acceptance Variable name MaObs2 Respondent scolded shouted at or belittled the child Interviewer The reprimand must be made directly to the child e g not simply tell the interviewer that the child is bad 1 Not at all 2 Once
30. ohort Birth cohort 1 Birth cohort 2 10 months 2005 06 2011 1 2 yrs 22 months 2006 07 2 3 yrs 34 months 2005 06 2007 08 2013 3 4 yrs 46 months 2006 07 2008 09 4 5 yrs 58 months 2007 08 2009 10 2015 5 6 yrs 70 months 2008 09 2010 11 7 8 yrs 2012 13 A key aim of using multiple cohorts is to allow the study to provide three types of data 1 Cross sectional time specific data e g what proportion of 10 month old children lived in single parent families in 2011 2 Cross sectional time series data e g is there any change in the proportion of 10 month old children living in single parent families between 2005 and 2011 3 Longitudinal cohort data e g what proportion of children who were living in single parent households aged 0 1 are living in different family circumstances at age 5 6 1 2Sample Design The sample design for BC2 was similar but not identical to that used for the two previous cohorts The initial area level sampling frame of Primary Sampling Units PSUs was created by aggregating Data Zones Data Zones are small geographical output areas created for the Scottish Government Data Zones are used to release data from the Census 2001 and other neighbourhood statistics Each PSU was roughly equal in size size expected number of births based on the average number of births in each Data Zone for the preceding 3 years 160 PSUs were selected with equal probability Child Benefit records held
31. snsnsnnnnnnnnnnnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnennns 24 More about OUS aaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 24 The GUS BC2 Sweep 1 Report s ssssnsnssnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnannnn 24 Data WOrKSNODS EE 25 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 1 Overview of the survey Growing Up in Scotland GUS is a longitudinal research study aimed at tracking the lives of three cohorts of Scottish children from the early years through childhood and beyond Funded by the Scottish Government Education Directorate its principal aim is to provide information to support policy making but it is also intended to be a broader resource for secondary analysis The overarching aim of the study is set out in it s purpose which is To generate through robust methods specifically Scottish data about outcomes throughout childhood and into adulthood for children growing up in Scotland across a range of key domains Cognitive social emotional and behavioural development Physical and mental health and wellbeing Childcare education and employment Home family community and social networks Involvement in offending and risky behaviour Such data will encompass in particular topics where Scottish evidence is lacking and policy areas where Scotland differs trom the rest of the UK 1 1 Study Design GUS was designed to provide cross sectional and longitu
32. spondent s partner s ID DaRespAg Da Respondent s age banded DaRPAge Da Respondent s partner s age banded DaRPsex Da Respondent partners sex DaHGmag6 Da Childs nat mothers age at interview banded 3 2 Main socio economic variables 3 2 1 National Statistics Socio economic Classification NS SEC The National Statistics Socio economic Classification NS SEC is a social classification system that attempts to classify groups on the basis of employment relations based on characteristics such as career prospects autonomy mode of payment and period of notice There are fourteen operational categories representing different groups of occupations for example higher and lower managerial higher and lower professional and a further three residual categories for full time students occupations that cannot be classified due to a lack of information or other reasons The operational categories may be collapsed to form a nine eight five or three category system ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 11 The Growing Up in Scotland dataset includes the five category system in which respondents and their partner where applicable are classified as managerial and professional intermediate small employers and own account workers lower supervisory and technical and semi routine and routine occupations A sixth category never worked is also coded on this variable The decisio
33. struments 3 4 1 Parenting Parenting beliefs Traditional authoritarian beliefs about parenting were measured using three items drawn from the Authoritarian Parental Beliefs Scale Items invited respondents to indicate their agreement with three statements e The most important thing to teach children is absolute obedience to whoever is in authority e Children should always obey their parents e Parents should teach their children that they should be doing something useful at all times Responses were coded on a 5 point scale 1 strongly agree 2 agree 3 neither agree nor disagree 4 disagree 5 strongly disagree Shears J Whiteside Mansell L McKelvey L amp Selig J 2008 Assessing mothers and fathers authoritarian attitudes The psychometric properties of a brief survey Social Work Research 32 3 179 184 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 15 Table 3 6 Variables associated with Parental Modernity Scale Variable name Description MaPabs01 Ma Parents should teach children to do sthg useful at all times MaPabs02 Ma Most important teach absolute obedience to authority MaPabs03 Ma Children should always obey parents 3 4 2 Parenting Parenting stress Stresses involved in parenting were measured using three items from the Parental Stress Scale asking respondents for agreement with the following stat
34. ta file contains questionnaire variables excluding variables used for administrative purposes and derived variables The variables included in the file are detailed in the Variable List document in the data section of the documentation As far as possible they are grouped in the order they were asked in the interview As such following the questionnaire design they are grouped according to topic This document is the best place to look search for variables when planning your analysis Once you have decided which variables to include in your analysis you should look up details of the question wording using the questionnaire documentation all variables on the data file are given by name in the copy of the interview schedules provided or use the data documentation to find the syntax which produced the derived variables You cannot rely on the individual variable and value labels to always capture the detail of the question asked or the answer categories used so reading the interview documentation is essential For variables with answers following a scale such as Strongly agree to Strongly disagree it must be noted that the order of the answer categories may not follow systematically an ascending or descending scale throughout the list of variables Also the answers may equally refer to positive or negative statements The phrasing of the question and the list of answers provided on the showcards if any shape the variables T
35. te Mothers recruited into the pilot of the Families Nurse Partnership FNP in the Lothian area of Scotland had expected birth dates in 2010 and 2011 These birth dates meant they were also eligible for recruitment to the second birth cohort BC2 of the Growing Up in Scotland study Attempts were made to incorporate as many FNP mothers into BC2 as possible to allow their outcomes to be monitored as the children aged beyond the scope of the pilot programme s evaluation However ethical restrictions placed on the recruitment process requiring an opt in process made this difficult in practice The team received contact information for just 37 FNP participants and a successful interview was obtained with only 24 of this group This makes statistically robust separate analysis of this group impossible They are not identified in the dataset As fieldwork progressed it became clear that response rates were lower than expected due mostly to higher than previous non contact and refusal rates 39 additional PSUs were randomly selected and issued in last 3 months of fieldwork 1 3 Data collection Data collection involved an interview with the child s main carer Interviews were carried out in participants homes by trained social survey interviewers using laptop computers otherwise known as CAPI Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing The interview was quantitative and consisted almost entirely of closed questions and had a median length of
36. the first 3 months Yes during the second 3 months Yes during the last 3 months No akRWwWNDM The five answer options have been converted into five separate binary variables as follows MaPGvad07 code 1 those who took vitamin D prior to becoming pregnant code 0 those who didn t MaPGvd02 code 1 those who took vitamin D during the first 3 months of pregnancy code 0 those who didn t MaPGvd03 code 1 those who took vitamin D during the second 3 months of pregnancy code 0 those who didn t MaPGvd04 code 1 those who took vitamin D during the last 3 months of pregnancy code 0 those who didn t MaPGvd05 code 1 those who did nottake any vitamin D prior to or during their pregnancy code 0 everyone else ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 9 Because a respondent could have replied with more than one answer that respondent could have a value 1 for a number of these variables however the nature of the question dictates that having a code 1 at MVaPGvd05 precludes having a code 1 at any of the variables MaPGvd01 MaPGva04 The missing values are the same across all five variables 2 8 Dropped Variables All variables in the questionnaire documentation with not in dataset next to their name have been deleted from the archived dataset or have been transformed into derived variables instead The following types of variables have been deleted or replace
37. the question it is essential to refer to the questionnaire to see the full text of the question and the routing applied to that variable The variable list shows the page numbers of the relevant questionnaire section 2 4 3 Derived variables Derived variables included in the dataset are listed with the questionnaire variables for the same topic The SPSS syntax used to create them can be found in the Derived Variables section of the documentation 2 5 Survey weight Weighting has been used to correct for different selection probabilities in households with twins and for non response After applying the weights results from the GUS sample will be representative of all children born in Scotland who survive to 10 months in the corresponding period The final weights were generated in a number of stages The first stage generated selection weights to correct the differential selection probabilities for some children The second stage modelled non response bias and generated a non response weight This weight corrects for the effects of non response The third stage adjusted created 8 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 a weight to allow for the inclusion of FNP mothers in the full sample who because they are all aged under 21 and living in Lothian otherwise introduce sample bias The final stage adjusted the composite selection and non response weight to create a set of calibration weights
38. the same age each case was assigned a target interview date This was identified as the date on which the child turned 10 5 months old Interviewers were allotted a four week period based on this date two weeks either side in which to secure the interview In difficult cases this period was extended up to and including the child s subsequent birthday which allowed a further four weeks 68 of interviews were undertaken when the child was aged 10 months and 26 at age 11 months Around 3 were 8 or 9 months and 3 were 12 months or older Observation data on child behaviour parent child interactions and the local area was also collected by the interviewer 1 4 Response rates Details of the number of cases issued and achieved and the response rates are presented in Table 1 2 The equivalent figures for BC1 are included for comparison Table 1 2 Number of eligible issued and achieved cases and response rates Birth cohort 2 Birth cohort 1 All children with eligible dates of birth 9640 8218 Cases removed opted out of all eligible 202 2 966 12 Cases issued to field 9438 7252 Cases achieved 6127 5217 Response rate As of all eligible children 64 63 As of all issued 65 72 Unproductive cases of issued cases 3311 35 2035 28 Non contact 1399 15 777 11 Refusal 1696 18 1157 16 Other unproductive 216 2 101 1 An interview was achieved in 65 of cases issued to f
39. tion in GUS is measured using eight items derived from the various longer DWP scales which have been developed and used in a number of surveys including previous sweeps of GUS over the last 10 years The items are detailed below 20 ScotCen Social Research Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Sweep 1 Table 3 13 Constituent and derived variables associated with material deprivation Variable name Description MaEmd01 Ma Holiday away from home one week yr MaEmdb01 Ma Celebrations at special occasions MaEmdb02 Ma Night out once a month MaEmdb03 Ma Family car or van MaEmd04 Ma Enough money for house decoration MaEmd05 Ma Household contents insurance MaEmd06 Ma Regular savings of 10 month MaEmdi1 Ma Accommodation warm enough in winter Daemdtot Da Material Deprivation Count of items said cannot afford Daemdtot2 Da Mat Dep Count Banded Four Groups Daemdtot3 Da Mat Dep Count Banded Three Groups To create a score of material deprivation on the first seven items the response we would like to do this but cannot afford it was given the value of one All other responses were coded zero On the last item the answer no was given the value of one and yes was coded as zero The score was a sum of all responses coded as one with a maximum of eight and a minimum of zero 3 5 Interviewer observations In other studies of child development observation measures
40. xious was the child when you first met him her 1 Not at all shy or anxious very sociable and friendly 2 Only a little shy or anxious quite sociable and friendly 3 Average a bit shy anxious a bit sociable friendly 4 Moderately shy quiet or withdrawn only a little sociable friendly 5 Extremely shy quiet or withdrawn not sociable friendly 6 Unable to assess 3 5 2 Accommodation and local neighbourhood A series of additional observations were made by the interviewer of the interior and exterior spaces of the family s accommodation and the surrounding area The variables and a short description are summarised in Table 3 19 Table 3 19 Observation items on family s accommodation and surrounding area Variable name Description Accommodation MaObs9 Condition of house compared with others MaObs11 Unkempt garden MaObs12 Evidence of smoking Surrounding area MaObs8 Condition of properties in area MaObs101 Boarded houses etc in area MaObs102 Trash litter etc in area MaObs103 Graffiti in area MaObs104 None of these in area 4 More about GUS 4 1 The GUS BC2 Sweep 1 Report Further information about the GUS BC2 sweep 1 data is available in Bradshaw P Bromley C Hill T Mabelis J Parkes A Smith K Sweeting H Warner P and Wight D Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 2 Results from the first year Edinburgh Scottish Government
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