Street Canyon Tool User Guide
Contents
1. Figure 12 Canyon height results left hand side as given in the Road Layer shapefile 3 2 The Create Street Canyon File tool 3 2 1 Locating buildings that affect a road source The Create Street Canyon File tool first identifies all buildings that may affect the road It starts by finding all buildings within the tolerances defined by the user as described in Sections 2 3 8 1 and 2 3 8 2 The left and right sides of the canyon are assigned according to the orientation of the first and second vertices where the first vertex represents the start and the second vertex represents the end of the first straight line segment of the road The left and right side calculations are carried out independently Note that the order of the vertices will be checked against the road source data in ADMS Urban based on the road name For each road segment and each side of the road the Create Street Canyon File tool e Finds a suitable base building close to the road on that side If the Target minimum proportion of road with buildings is set to 0 0 the base building will be the nearest building to the road For other values of Target minimum proportion of road with buildings the selected base building may be further away in order to achieve better coverage It selects the nearest building likely to satisfy the target minimum proportion or if no building is likely to satisfy that proportion it chooses the building likely to give the highest coverage2. 2 3 1 Input road layer The Input road layer is the shapefile containing the road geometry for each road feature The road layer can be selected by using the dropdown if the layer is already loaded in ArcGIS or by clicking the Browse button to navigate to and select the shapefile The Input road layer shapefile must use a coordinate system with units of metres If specific features in this shapefile are selected in ArcGIS the Create Street Canyon Tool will output the results for these specific features only If no features are selected the Create Street Canyon Tool will output results for all features Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 5 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool 2 3 2 Road name field The Road name field is the field in the Road Layer storing the name of the road The road names in the Road name field must match those in the ADMS Urban upl file 2 3 3 Primary building layer The Primary building layer is a shapefile containing building geometry and building height information for each building feature The primary building layer can be selected by using the dropdown if the layer is already loaded in ArcGIS or by clicking the Browse El button to navigate to and select the shapefile The Primary building layer shapefile must use a coordinate system with units of metres The tool may run faster if buildings with height lower than Im are manually deleted before running the tool 2 3 4 Building height fiel
3. e Calculates a buffer distance Buffer 1 f x b where x is the minimum distance from the base building to the road centreline fis Building distance tolerance proportion and b is Building distance tolerance metres Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 16 SECTION 3 Technical Summary e Locates all building faces within the buffer distance perpendicular to the road centreline e Stores the height and length of each building face as projected onto the road centreline as illustrated in Figure 13 Minimum distance Iding Road centreline including i 3 tolerances Figure 13 Example tolerance distance for the right hand side of a road feature When two or more buildings or buildings of varying height are found in the same location the height and length of each part of the building s is apportioned into multiple segments The approach is illustrated in Figure 14 width b width a heighta width b height b road feature Building face Figure 14 Illustration of the approach taken with varying building height Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 17 SECTION 3 Technical Summary The following limitations apply e A road with no adjacent buildings will be assigned values of O for all of the Advanced Canyon module parameters e Buildings that touch or cross the road centreline are ignored for the road segment which touches the centreline e A minimum building height of
4. El 1 Messages G Executing GetCanyonHeights Road link id Building CALC_Z Podiums 0 3 2 Exfresolt csw E Start Time Thu Mar 06 12 35 52 2014 E Running script GetCanysonHeights GI lt geoprocessing Layer object object at 0x174C2 480 gt u Building Li 1167_3627 FID 0 G no left canyon G no right canyon Li 1172_3627 FID 1 m no left canyon T no right canyon Li 1173_3627 FID 2 Li c_height_l 90 501339 T Building Found with height lower than 1 this building has been ignored Figure 7 The Results window in ArcGIS Geoprocessing 2 5 Viewing the results 2 5 1 Output CSV file The results will be available in the csv file selected in Output CSV file as shown in Figure 8 B Advance t anyonVersioni 1D Name X1 0 roadi 1 roadi0 2 road100 3 road10003 4 road10004 5 road10005 C 528337 532752 528318 531887 536664 529801 D 179824 180245 181815 174420 175393 182699 Figure 8 Example csv output E F G H J K L M N P X2 Y2 width_L avgHeight_L minHeight_L maxHeight_L canyonLength_L endLength_L buildLength_L width_R avgHeight R minHeight_R 528282 179826 6 06 29 8 9 54 29 8 55 04 0 55 04 0 0 0 532729 180257 5 66 25 76 16 71 25 76 25 94 0 25 94 0 0 0 528306 181823 4 6 18 64 17 08 18 9 14 42 0 14 42 14 59 24 17 8 71 532016 174307 18 43 13 41 5 01 18 35 179 69 0 179 69 8 15 17 27 13 81 536891 175957 34 01 21 75 5 12 32 73 607 97 0 607 97 48 61 30 35 AF 529720 182649 22 03 41 82 13 25 64
5. width right Output shapefile OOOO KA About Display Canyon Widths version number Copyright 2014 Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants Ltd Copyright ProjectRevision SYN 2221281 2014 09 24 Build number 15 Figure 10 The main Display Canyon Widths screen 2 6 1 Road layer The Road layer is the shapefile containing the results of the Create Street Canyon File tool The road layer can be selected by using the dropdown if the layer is already loaded in ArcGIS or by clicking the Browse button to navigate to and select the shapefile Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 11 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool If specific features in this shapefile are selected in ArcGIS the Display Canyon Widths tool will output the results for these specific features only If no features are selected the Display Canyon Widths tool will output results for all features 2 6 2 Road width left Road width left is the field in the shapefile storing the road width for the left hand side of the road When using a shapefile containing the results of the Street Canyon tool this field will be c width _l 2 6 3 Road width right Road width right is the field in the shapefile storing the road width for the right hand side of the road When using a shapefile containing the results of the Street Canyon tool this field will be c_width_r 2 6 4 Output shapefile The Output shapefile defines the location for
6. 1 Road layer 11 2 6 2 Road width left 12 2 6 3 Road width right 12 2 6 4 Output shapefile 12 2 6 5 Version Information 12 2 6 6 Running the Tool 12 SECTION 3 Technical SUMMA Vinicio oo 15 3 1 The Advanced Canyon module input data cccccccconnnnnnnnccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnenennnnnnanannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnos 15 3 2 The Create Street Canyon File TOO lucida is 16 3 2 1 Locating buildings that affect a road source 16 3 2 2 Calculating the Advanced Canyon module parameters 18 Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page Introduction Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page il SECTION 1 Introduction SECTION 1 Introduction 1 1 About the Street Canyon Tool The Street Canyon Tool generates street canyon data for use with the ADMS Urban Advanced Canyon module including canyon width length and height The Street Canyon Tool runs inside ArcGIS and uses building and road datasets to calculate Advanced Canyon parameters 1 2 Features The Street Canyon Tool can be used to calculate the following for each road e Canyon heights maximum mean and minimum e Canyon widths e Canyon length The data is available as a new shapefile based on the input road layer with new fields for the data and in a csv format suitable for use with the ADMS Urban module 1 3 Requirements The Street Canyon Tool toolbox requires the following e A copy of ESRI ArcGIS Version 10 1 or later 1 4 About this user guide This Street Canyon Tool User Guide is a manual d
7. 1 m is required for the building to be included in the calculation for any road segment e Multipart roads are ignored Multipart buildings will be included in the calculations provided they do not have holes internal rings 3 2 2 Calculating the Advanced Canyon module parameters The Advanced Canyon module parameters listed in Table 2 are calculated from the projected extent of the buildings that are deemed to affect the road for each road feature and side of the road based on the user defined tolerances refer to Sections 2 3 8 1 and 2 3 8 2 Figure 12 presents the Advanced Canyon module parameters schematically The start of the canyon named endLength_ lt side gt in the csv file and c_start_ lt or r gt in the shapefile is defined as the distance from the first road vertex to the first building within the buffer calculated from the Building distance tolerances The length of the canyon is determined from that start point to the last building within the buffer around the road such that 1t includes gaps The canyon width and maximum minimum and average height are only calculated for sections of the road considered to be within a canyon where a building occurs within the buffer region There is no double counting if a portion of the road is affected by multiple buildings the width to the nearest point of the nearest building is used The length of buildings in a canyon is calculated as the length of buildings within the canyo
8. 95 83 91 11 28 74 69 28 94 23 8 5 22 The results include the headers and parameters required to use the file with the ADMS Urban Advanced Canyon option without any editing 2 5 2 Road Layer shapefile The resulting street canyon parameters will be added to the output road shapefile The results can be read from the Attributes Table as presented in Figure 9 Alternatively the shapefile data can be viewed in the map by using the Identify tool on any of the road features in the Road Layer The Display Canyon Widths tool can also be used refer to Section 2 6 for more information Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 10 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool c_maxh_l c_cover_l 22 8 21 11 23 21 0 28 07 45 1 33 12 95 18 09 0 59 45 25 02 297 31 RIR o m Els O out of 3473 Selected Figure 9 Example results in the Output road shapefile Attribute Table 2 6 Display Canyon Widths Tool The Display Canyon Widths tool provides a visual representation of the results of the Street Canyon Tool The main screen shown in Figure 10 appears on clicking on the Display Canyon Widths tool in Street Canyon Tools Each of the features and buttons are described below In the Display Canyon Widths tool main screen click on Show Help gt gt to display information ES add Road layer Display Canyon Widths Displays the canyon widths from the gt ES LO results ofthe Street Canyon calculation x Road
9. Street Canyon Tool a Re OS A A amp gt Create Street Canyon File S tla 2 hl el User Guide CERC ADMS Street Canyon Tool User Guide Version 2 0 June 2014 Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants Ltd 3 King s Parade Cambridge CB2 1SJ UK Telephone 44 0 1223 357773 Facsimile 44 0 1223 357492 Email help cerc co uk Website www cerc co uk Introduction Contents SECTION 1 INTOAUCUON ars aaa 1 1 1 About the Street Canyon TOO lisina di 1 Me A A 1 13 REQUIEM Sanidad 1 LA AADOUTERIS USC QuUIde ua 1 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon TOOl onocccnnnnciconaciconnnccnonncconnncncnnncnennnnnenanarenananno 3 2 1 Installing the Street Canyon Tool coooccnccccccccconcccnnnccooncconnccnnnncnnnncnnnnnnnnrrrrnnnnnnnnnr rr rrrnnannnnnnnnnns 3 2 2 RUNNING the Street Canyon TOO iii id 4 2 3 Create Street Canyon File Toluca A A a Ads 4 2 3 1 Input road layer 5 2 3 2 Road name field 6 2 3 3 Primary building layer 6 2 3 4 Building height field 6 2 3 5 Output CSV file 6 2 3 6 Output road shapefile 6 2 3 7 Additional building layers 6 2 3 8 Settings de 2 3 9 Version Information 9 2 3 10 Running the Tool 9 24 IMMONIMOMING Progr SS iia A Eaa 9 2 5 Viewing the results scscccscciectessceccescedivetocisacsciiccieeaeteccdesbocsensseescoiseastannestcdeiieebecdundsteinwenicericdoces 10 2 5 1 Output CSV file 10 2 5 2 Road Layer shapefile 10 2 6 Display Canyon Widths TOO viciiorrinaanarl il dis 11 2 6
10. d The Building height field is the field in the Primary building layer which stores the building height information for each building feature The building height should be the height above ground level and should be in metres 2 3 5 Output CSV file The Output CSV file defines the location for the csv results for use with the ADMS Urban Advanced Canyon module 2 3 6 Output road shapefile The Output road shapefile defines the location for the shp results This shapefile contains the attributes from the input shapefile as well as the calculated canyon statistics 2 3 7 Additional building layers The Additional building layers section enables users to provide extra building layers Additional building layers may be required if the building data is provided in tiles or if there are multiple layers for different building types Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 6 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool 2 Additional Building Layers Additional Building Layers optional A O DB ArcGIS Example Short_Buildings shp DB ArcGIS Example Towers shp z Figure 4 The Additional Building Layers section 2 3 7 1 Additional building layers Additional building layers can be selected by using the dropdown if the layers are already loaded in ArcGIS or by using the Browse button to navigate to and select the shapefile Layers can be removed from the list by using the button to the right of the list The Additional bu
11. escribing how to use the Street Canyon Tool To make this manual simpler to use certain conventions have been followed with regard to layout and style e Canyon Height toolbox interface controls are shown in Arial font e g click on Generate Report e Keyboard inputs are shown in bold e g press Enter e Directory and file names are shown in italics e g nc e Table and figure references are shown in bold e g see Figure 3 1 Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 1 SECTION 1 Introduction Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 2 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool 2 1 Installing the Street Canyon Tool To install the Street Canyon Tool simply copy the contents of the install directory to a directory with full privileges on your machine From the Start menu open ArcCatalog Open the ArcToolbox window on the toolbar right click on the ArcToolbox window see Figure 1 and select Add Toolbox ArcToolbo EA ArcToolbox 30 Analyst Tools a Add Toolbox ES Ea Analysis Tools 3 Ea Cartography Tools E Ea Conversion Tools Hide Locked Tools amp Data Interoperability To E3 S Data Management Tools BA Editing Tools Load Settings ES S Geocoding Tools E amp Geostatistical Analyst Tools E Ga Linear Referencing Tools ES E Multidimension Tools E Ea Network Analyst Tools ES Ea Parcel Fabric Tools ES Ea Schematics Tools E Ea Server Tools Ea Spatial Analyst Tools EY S
12. ilding layers shapefile s must be in the same coordinate system as the Primary building layer refer to Section 2 3 3 and must have the same name for the Building height field 2 3 8 Settings Settings Building distance tolerance proportion 0 3 Building distance tolerance metres 2 Precision mode EMIT e Target minimum proportion of road with buildings 0 4 Maximum distance to the nearest building 50 Figure 5 The Settings section Appropriate values for all of the settings must be determined for the cityscape A degree of experimentation may be necessary Section 2 3 8 6 gives some values used by CERC in recent case studies Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 7 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool 2 3 8 1 Building distance tolerance proportion The Building distance tolerance settings define a region beyond the base building Any buildings or building parts in this region will be included in the canyon height calculations The Building distance tolerance is a combination of a proportion of the minimum distance from the road centreline to the nearest building and a constant distance The Building distance tolerance proportion defines the proportion used For example a proportion of 0 5 would include buildings that are within half the minimum distance beyond the nearest building Figure 6 Building distance tolerance 2 3 8 2 Building distance tolerance metres Refer to Secti
13. n length excluding gaps between buildings Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 18 SECTION 3 Technical Summary Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 19 Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants Ltd 3 King s Parade Cambridge CB2 1SJ UK Tel 44 0 1223 357 773 Fax 44 0 1223 357 492 Email help Wcerc co uk Website www cerc co uk
14. on Tools to reveal the Create Street Canyon File tool The user is advised though not required to load the required roads and building shapefiles into ArcGIS before running the tool The input layers must be shapefiles not for example geodatabase layers All input shapefiles must be in the same coordinate system This must be a projected coordinate system with units of metres Also the input layers must not have been created from ArcGIS s Make Feature Layer tool with the Use Ratio Policy option 2 3 Create Street Canyon File Tool The main screen shown in Figure 3 appears on clicking on the Create Street Canyon File tool in the Street Canyon Tools toolbox Each of the features and buttons are described below Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 4 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool In the Create Street Canyon File main screen click on Show Help gt gt to display information relating to each input Create Street Canyon File e Input road layer Create Street Canyon File IA Calculates the canyon dimensions of all Road name field optional road features in the road layer using one he or more building layers Primary building layer El Building height Field a Output CSy File PO O OTE Output road shapefile i Additional Building Layers Additional building layers optional Fcc trC lt i le gt x le E Settings Version Information Figure 3 The main screen
15. on 2 3 8 1 for a description of the building distance tolerance The Building distance tolerance metres defines the constant component of the distance tolerance For example a setting of 2 would include buildings that are within 2 metres beyond the nearest building as illustrated in Figure 6 2 3 8 3 Precision mode The Precision mode defines the precision of the results In EMIT mode vertices and results are rounded to the nearest metre In ADMS mode they are rounded to the nearest centimetre These are set to match the requirements of the EMIT and ADMS models 2 3 8 4 Target minimum proportion of road with buildings The Target minimum proportion of road with buildings defines the goal used when the algorithm chooses the base building see Technical Summary The proportion of road with buildings 1s the proportion between the canyon coverage and the canyon length e g 0 5 would expect 50 or more of the canyon s length to contain buildings In cases where some buildings on a road side are offset from others larger values of this parameter may cause small buildings near the road centreline to be ignored leading to the Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 8 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool calculation of wider canyons that have greater canyon coverage see Figure 12 2 3 8 5 Maximum distance to the nearest building The Maximum distance to the nearest building defines the distance from the road centreline the tool will
16. patial Statistics Tools S Tracking Analyst Tools cy Urban Canopy Tools Environments Save Settings Ea Results ia ArcToolbox Table OF Contents Figure 1 The ArcToolbox Navigate to the folder containing the Street Canyon Tool files and select StreetCanyon pyt Street Canyon Tools should now appear in the ArcToolbox in ArcCatalog and also in ArcMap as shown in Figure 2 below The toolbox has two tools named Create Street Canyon File and Display Canyon Widths Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 3 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool ArcToolbo x EA ArcToolbox E EY 30 Analyst Tools ES Ea Analysis Tools S Cartography Tools ES S Conversion Tools S Data Interoperability Tools E3 Ea Data Management Tools Y Editing Tools S Geocoding Tools ES Ea Geostatistical Analyst Tools Ea Linear Referencing Tools ES Ea Multidimension Tools E Ea Network Analyst Tools g Farcel Fabric Tools a Schematics Tools S Server Tools a Spatial Analyst Tools EY Spatial Statistics Tools E Cy Street Canyon Tools 3 Create Street Canyon File E Display Canyon Widths a Tracking Analyst Tools cy Urban Canopy Tools Ea Results El ArcToolbox Table OF Contents Figure 2 The Street Canyon Tools toolbox 2 2 Running the Street Canyon Tool Once Street Canyon Tools has been added to the ArcGIS ArcToolbox window refer to Section 2 1 Installing the Street Canyon Tool it can be used by clicking on Street Cany
17. s required by the ADMS Urban Advanced Canyon module are described in Table 2 A schematic of the parameters is also presented in Figure 12 with the associated shapefile variable names Variable name Variable name Units Dias in csv file in shapefile P WD ID___ Sourceidentifier optional Name Name Source road name X1 Y1 X1 Y1 a x and y coordinates of first vertex start X2 Y2 X2 Y2 x and y coordinates of second vertex end of first segment c_width_l Distance from road centreline to canyon wall on width_L width_R c_width_r left and right sides respectively avgHeight_L c_height_l Average canyon height on left and right sides avgHeight_R c_height r respectively minHeight_L c_minh i Minimum canyon height on left and right sides minHeight_R c_minh_r respectively maxHeight_L c_maxh_l Maximum canyon height on left and right sides maxHeight_R c_maxh_r respectively canyonLength_L c_length_l a Length of canyon on left and right sides canyonLength_R c_length r respectively endLength_L c_start_l Distance from start of road to first building in endLength_R c_start_r canyon on left and right sides respectively buildLength_L c_cover_l Length of buildings in canyon on left and right m buildLength_R c_cover_r sides respectively Table 2 ADMS Urban Advanced Canyon module input parameters which are output by the Street Canyon Tool Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 15 SECTION 3 Technical Summary
18. search to find suitable base buildings If there are no buildings within this distance the canyon statistics for this road s side will be zero 2 3 8 6 Example settings Appropriate values must be determined for the cityscape being modelled Table 1 below shows values used by CERC for some recent case studies Case study Building distance tolerance proportion Building distance tolerance metres Target minimum proportion of road with buildings 00 Maximum distance to the nearest building Table 1 Example setting values 2 3 9 Version Information The Version Information section contains information about the version of the tool This information should be included in any correspondence with CERC 2 3 10 Running the Tool Clicking OK will run the tool The ArcMap window will display scrolling text at the bottom right indicating that the tool is running 2 4 Monitoring Progress In ArcMap under the Geoprocessing menu open the Results window The top entry in the Current Session will be the tool in progress The Inputs menu gives details of the tool inputs selected The Messages menu displays progress messages from the tool It is possible to cancel the tool run by right clicking on the tool in progress and clicking Cancel Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 9 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool O 1 Current Session E Get Canyon Heights Gutput CS File lt empty gt D Inputs e Environments
19. the shp containing the canyon width polygons 2 6 5 Version Information The Version Information section contains information about the version of the tool This information should be included in any correspondence with CERC 2 6 6 Running the Tool Clicking OK will run the tool The ArcMap window will display scrolling text at the bottom right indicating that the tool is running Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 12 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool E a XE anes ie aie a EA male Mee to Figure 11 Example Display Canyon Width output Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 13 SECTION 2 Using the Street Canyon Tool Street Canyon Tool User Guide Page 14 SECTION 3 Technical Summary SECTION 3 Technical Summary This section provides a technical summary of the Street Canyon Tools toolbox User defined inputs to the tool are described in Section 2 of this User Guide The Create Street Canyon File tool generates a csv format file that can be used directly with the Advanced Canyon module in ADMS Urban The file outputs all of the required headers together with averaged canyon parameter data for each road feature in the Input road layer A shapefile can also be output from the tool containing the same information which can be viewed spatially in GIS software The Display Canyon Width tool can be used to visualise the canyon widths in ArcGIS 3 1 The Advanced Canyon module input data The parameter
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