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Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide

1. Zz m a E E P kk m eG AS wm e ll z 5 fed kic e 003 Slaa fg tki fli oS JS C J i JE Be nS ka p Bridge 3 Bridge 2 Device B Use Source Route Bridging where all end stations servers switches and bridges support Source Route Bridging All Ringswitch ports must have a unique ring number so that frames can be forwarded to the appropriate port 100 291 07 139 Transparent Bridging Transparent Bridging TB operates at the datalink layer and filters or passes traffic based on the destination address of the frame A transparent bridge makes decisions concerned with passing frames through the network whereas a source routing bridge forwards frames according to routing information in the frame Transparent bridges are sometimes referred to as promiscuous bridges because they read every frame to determine whether the frame should be forwarded to the remote network When the forwarding mode is set to transparent the Ringswitch adaptively creates its own tables of network addresses by analyzing the traffic it processes The Ringswitch learns about the network by recording the source address of each frame according to the port that the frame is received on It stores the information in a forwarding table that contains the addresses of all the devices on the local network for each port Transparent forwarding table To provide the capacity needed for backbone appli
2. 100 291 07 341 Table 1 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel Message Description Port lt slot port gt Closed Hard error The ring to which the token ring port is connected is inoperative because a hard error occurred Typical hard errors include e faulty adapter card e hardware incompatibility Check your network connections Port lt slot port gt Closed Single station The token ring port is the only node on the ring This message does not represent an error condition unless you expect more nodes to appear on the ring Port lt slot port gt Ring lt no gt found RPS disabled When the port opened a Ring Parameter Server RPS supplied a ring number different to that configured for the port The RPS function has been disabled for the Ringswitch port 342 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Table 1 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel 5 Message Description 2 3 HSTR Fast Failover messages E ma FFO S P Q Link Down The Fast Failover link is not operational The Ringswitch Primary Open Fail only displays this message on the node side of the Fast Failover link The port has failed to open Check the cable FFO S P Q Link Up The Fast Failover link is operational but the standby link is Standby Open Fail not operational The Ringswitch only displays this message on the node side of the Fast Failover link The port has failed to open Check the cab
3. TEA a i 1 lt 15 z 2 Se Be ze 2 e a Om Cor e CRT CT o C a x Got w Ga w Comet w Ringswitch 1 o S D ei Hl DIRS S 2 i nO Ve 22h 4 2 6 E VLAN Red S VLAN Blue 1 Oy A 1 6 Block me z Saat genie Bae D ey Aai 1 7 e Cee Cm M M M M om G Ringswitch 2 S Cm Commi om om Com Com Cope com A D e 1 DIRS 2 1 25 2 7 iC i a Me k C 100 291 07 153 However with the default Spanning Tree settings one of the inter switch link ports would be put into the Blocking state which would stop frames on one of the VLANs being transferred In this scenario Port 1 6 on Ringswitch 2 is Blocking which will not allow frames on VLAN Blue to be passed between the two switches The default Spanning Tree settings used to prevent any loops in the network topology need to be overridden to make this configuration work as required There are two methods used to achieve this the slave to port option and the Force Transparent option Slave to port option The slave to port option allows a port to be configured so that it forwards Transparent Frames on the basis of another port s Spanning Tree state In Figure A 11 Port 2 2 should be slaved to Port 2 1 on each Ringswitch This VLAN configuration then allows forwarding on all inter switch link ports The Network Manager must manually configure the network so that the Transparent VLA
4. Ringswitch Ethernet Port MDI X device RJ 45 Pin Function RJ 45 Pin Function 1 TxD 4 p 1 TxD 2 TxD q p 2 TxD 3 RxD B gt 3 RxD 6 RxD p 6 RxD Pins 4 5 7 and 8 are not used 100 291 07 53 Chapter 6 Connecting Ethernet ports Connecting a Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module to any MDI device When you connect to an adapter workstation another Ringswitch a Smart DeskStream Token Ring Switch or any printer scanner device then you must use a crossover cable Table 6 3 Schematic of a crossover cable Ringswitch Ethernet Port MDI device RJ 45 Pin Function RJ 45 Pin Function 1 TxD 1 TxD 2 TxD 2 TxD 3 RxD 3 RxD 6 RxD 6 RxD Pins 4 5 7 and 8 are not used 54 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 6 Connecting Ethernet ports Port interface attributes Speed The default setting for the port speed is Auto This means that the port will detect the speed of the Ethernet to which it is connected You can also set the port speed to either 10 or 100 Mbps Duplex mode The default setting for the duplex mode of the port is Auto This means that the port will detect the duplex mode of the Ethernet to which it is connected You can also set the duplex mode of the port to Full duplex or Half duplex 100 291 07 55 suod jausayuly Chapter 6 Connecting Ethernet ports
5. Device Connector on device Madge SmartCAU Plus RI or RO on FTL Module IBM 8230 Token Ring CAU RI or RO on Optical Fiber RI RO Module Note You may be able to connect other third party devices to a port in CAU RI RO mode However only the devices in Table 4 2 have been fully tested for interoperability and you should use caution when connecting other hardware Figure 4 3 shows the devices you can connect to a port in CAU RI RO mode 40 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports Figure4 3 Connecting fiber ports in CAU RI RO mode S fl o o W G Smart Ringswitch J Fiber token ring port oE in CAU RI RO mode ka SmartCAU Plus Fiber Trunk Link FTL Module in Ring In or Ring Out port 3 a IBM 8230 Token Ring CAU gs i fm f 8s i Optical Fiber Module 2 100 291 07 41 Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports Connecting another Ringswitch You can connect multiple Ringswitch devices by fiber token ring ports
6. 100 291 07 155 Zz 0 amp aS nO S o gt Ma no a ga Force Transparent option This management option allows you to configure a port to forward transparent frames at all times Since the port does not participate in the Spanning Tree Protocol exercise caution when configuring a switch to use the Force Transparent option because there is no protection against forwarding loops The Network Manager must ensure that the Transparent VLAN configuration of all the switches does not contain any loops If the configuration displayed in Figure A 12 were used with the Force Transparent option a forwarding loop would be established Multiple LECs Up to 16 LAN Emulation Clients LECs can be supported on an ATM module when it is installed in one of the bottom three slots of a Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis When ATM is being used as the network backbone either of the Spanning Tree override options can be used in conjunction with multiple LECs to provide Transparent VLAN connectivity across the ATM backbone The following diagram shows an equivalent configuration to Figure A 11 but using an ATM backbone with multiple LECs LEC 4 2 is slaved to LEC 4 1 156 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Fi cue A 13 Extended VLANs across the links between two switches a gi an ATM backbone
7. Mulnstation Access Unit MAU Node port 100 291 07 27 Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports Concentrator interface mode In concentrator mode a port behaves like a MAU or LAM port and detects the phantom drive signal that is generated when the connected device attempts to insert Use concentrator mode to connect token ring ports as shown in Figure 3 2 Table 3 2 describes the devices you can connect to a port in concentrator mode Table 3 2 Copper token ring port in concentrator interface mode Attached device Connector on device Madge Smart RAM Plus UTP or Madge Access port Smart RAM STP Madge Local Ringhub Centre port Workstation server Adapter card Note Only connect a token ring port to the centre port of a Local Ringhub Do not connect to any of the four node ports on a Local Ringhub 28 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports Figure 3 2 Connecting devices to token ring ports in concentrator mode Gam e Smart Ringswitch e e Gm Ge aJa aJa S e i ee Sv Roe Kev Kes Token Ring switch port in concentrator mode nS om em eS eS lS PSAS X SmartRAM z Access port C d WW Wor
8. This upgrade can occur via the module s own port 120 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Alert messages on the LCD panel Alerts are informative messages that appear on the LCD panel of a Ringswitch for two seconds They temporarily override the normal display Alerts indicate events such as a port failing to open When you use the paddle switch to view the Ringswitch LCD screens the alerts are disabled for ten seconds to allow you to read the LCD screens without the display being interrupted by an alert For information about alert messages see Appendix I Troubleshooting D _ 2 a8 ga PF oA ox Cc on 100 291 07 121 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators 122 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 12 Using the Ringswitch Reset button This chapter explains how to use the Reset button and download boot code or run time microcode to the Ringswitch The Reset button on the Ringswitch provides a range of functions The function you select is determined by the stage at which you release the Reset button The sections in this chapter explain when to release the button to perform each function You can use the Reset button to re boot the device erase the management password load new microcode erase the stored configuration information or re boot using the boot code stored in Read Only Memory ROM uopnq 2S 4 You can also perform all th
9. 56 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 7 Configuring the Smart GroupSwitch Module About the Smart GroupSwitch Module The GroupSwitch Module is an optional unit that extends the functionality of the Ringswitch The GroupSwitch Module enables you to connect the Ringswitch to file servers routers or other Ringswitch devices on token ring networks The GroupSwitch Module has UTP Connectors and its ports have three modes of operation e a five port port e an automatic concentrator e a full duplex concentrator The GroupSwitch Module implements source route transparent source route transparent bridging and source route transparent bridging plus The module consists of four GroupSwitch hubs and each GroupSwitch hub has five ports Each port has a RJ 45 connector for copper UTP cabling Note All ports are concentrators Note When a GroupSwitch port is configured as a full duplex or Automatic concentrator then only the first port on each group of five ports is active The remaining four ports are inactive 100 291 07 57 ainpow o e a kS io Chapter 7 Configuring the Smart GroupSwitch Module Note Only when a node is inserted in a port is its LED on Selecting the port interface mode The port interface mode affects how the port behaves and determines the devices you can connect to the port The GroupSwitch module can operate in three modes where each
10. Fiber MIC connectors The FDDI Module has dual fiber MIC connectors that connect the Ringswitch to the media The MIC receptacles are called Port A and Port B Port A provides the primary ring in and secondary ring out paths while Port B provides the secondary ring in and primary ring out paths FigureS 1 Dual ring inputloutput Pot E Porta Secondary ring Primary ingin Secondary ringein a Primary mmg out 62 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module Single Attach or Dual Attach with Dual Homing The FDDI Module supports both Single Attach and Dual Attach modes of operation e Single Attach Stations SASs attach to the primary ring only and may be isolated from the network if the primary ring fails SASs must be connected to a concentrator e Dual Attach Stations DASs attach to the primary and secondary rings and if the primary ring fails can continue to operate once the ring is reconfigured DASs can be connected directly to the main ring The FDDI Module supports Dual Homing which means you can connect the media interfaces to different concentrators This provides greater fault tolerance because if one concentrator fails the Ringswitch maintains a connection to the network Active bypass support The bypass connector on the fascia of the FDDI Module supports the connection of a bypass switch When the Ringswitch is switched off or disabled by an in
11. IP clients where default gateway IP address can only be configured manually will loose IP connectivity if that default gateway fails or has to be brought down for maintenance reasons Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol VRRP provides such clients with a backup router that has the same IP address Unlike some other solutions to this problem for example IRDP VRRP requires no additional functionality at the client The TLS VRRP implementation is also fully compatible with Ringswitch layer 2 functionality such as spanning tree Zz 2 e x jos 7 2i oo f 100 291 07 161 Suggested further reading for IP routing Books e Comer Douglas 1991 Internetworking with TCP IP Volume I USA Prentice Hall ISBN 0 13 468505 9 e Perlman Radia 1992 Interconnections bridges and routers USA and Canada Addison Wesley ISBN 0 201 56332 0 e Stevens W Richard 1994 TCP IP Ilustrated the protocols USA and Canada Addison Wesley ISBN 0 201 63346 9 RFCs e RFC1812 Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers Baker F Cisco Systems June 1995 e RFC1058 Routing Information Protocol RIP Hedrick C Rutgers University June 1988 e RFC1583 OSPF Version 2 Moy J Proteon Inc March 1994 162 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Appendix B Configuring Active Broadcast Control About broadcast frames LAN technologies such as Ethernet and token ring enable any station to broadcast a frame to all othe
12. Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family The LCD display of the Ringswitch displays the hardware version Alternatively use the TrueView Ringswitch Manager to obtain version information for the Ringswitch You can also use the command line interface see Appendix G Using the command line interface and enter the show bridge status command to obtain version information for the Ringswitch The show bridge status command displays the following information about the Switch Module hardware Command gt show bridge status Example CPU Card Hardware Version 2 00 00 The hardware version numbers reported by the show bridge status command are described in the following table Table 1 4 Hardware version numbers reported by Switch Modules Module Reported CPU hardware version Switch 1 Module 0 00 00 Switch 2 Module Between 2 00 00 and 6 00 Switch 3 Module 7 00 00 or greater 16 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring the Ringswitch The Ringswitch is supplied with the factory default settings described in Table 2 1 To configure the settings to suit the requirements of your network we recommend that you connect the Ringswitch to the network and use TrueView Ringswitch Manager The TrueView Ringswitch Manager is an easy to use graphical interface that enables you to discover configure and maintain the Ringswitch entirely from the management station If you cannot connect the R
13. LAN bridging techniques The Ringswitch offers four bridging techniques e Source Route Bridging SRB e Transparent Bridging TB e Source Route Transparent SRT bridging e Source Route Transparent Plus SRT bridging These bridging techniques enable you to select the mode that best matches the network environment The forwarding mode is set as a global parameter for each Ringswitch Note To support transparent bridging SRT bridging or SRT bridging the Ringswitch must have a Switch 2 or Switch 3 Module installed For information about bridging techniques see Appendix A Network design issues 2 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Third Layer IP Services The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module offers IP routing capability known as Third Layer IP Services IP routing is useful in environments where a flat Level 2 network architecture is not feasible or desirable The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module supports three IP routing control protocols e static routing configuration e dynamic RIP v1 v2 routing control e dynamic OSPF routing control On a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module you can define up to sixteen leg ports virtual router interfaces each representing a connection to an IP subnet You can then associate groups of physical Ringswitch ports with the leg ports 3 e 2 fa o a e gt Note To support Third Layer IP Services the Ringswitch m
14. Reading token ring port LEDs Each token ring port has two LEDs which indicate the status mode and ring speed of the port The lower LED displays the information in Table 11 2 Table 11 2 Lower LED states for token ring ports LED state Description green Port is configured for node mode at 16 Mbps or 100Mbps on HSTR ports green flashing Port is configured for node mode at 4 Mbps yellow Port is configured for concentrator mode at 16 Mbps or 100Mbps on HSTR ports yellow flashing Port is configured for concentrator mode at 4 Mbps red flashing Port has failed to open or has closed unexpectedly off Port is disabled 88 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators When the lower LED denotes that the port is open the upper LED provides the information in a Table 11 3 Note that the upper LED states are identical for token ring and FDDI ports zg Sa Table 11 3 Upper LED states for token ring and FDDI ports BO x 8 Os LED state Description G off Bridging is not active and the Ringswitch cannot be managed via this interface green Port is open and forwarding frames in all requested forwarding modes yellow There is no forwarding requested on this port or some of the requested forwarding is not active Source route bridging will fail to become active when requested if the port fails its source route bridge test Transparent bridging wi
15. Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The add port leg RIP reject and remove port leg RIP reject commands control the list of IP addresses which are ignored in RIP packets received by a leg port Command gt add port leg lt slot port gt RIP reject lt ip address gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number ip address IP address of route to add to reject route list Command gt remove port leg lt slot port gt RIP reject lt ip address gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number ip address IP address of route to remove from reject route list C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 289 Configuring OSPF on a leg port By default when you create a leg port OSPF is disabled The following commands configure and manage the various aspects of OSPF The OSPF areas referred to in the commands are managed via other Smart Ringswitch TLS Module commands Note These commands store the state of the OSPF protocol but will not take effect until you re boot the Ringswitch The set port leg OSPF area id command sets the OSPF area id to which a leg port is connected Command gt set port leg lt slot port gt OSPF area id lt area id gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number area id OSPF area in dot notation The clear port leg OSPF area id command clears the OSPF area id from a leg port and disables OSPF on the leg port Command gt clear port leg lt slot port gt OSPF area i
16. 2 If the packet does not contain a Routing Information Field RIF then the destination MAC address is extracted and resolved to an ATM address of a LEC in either an ATM endstation or in a transparent bridge edge device A LEC indicates that it is part of a transparent bridge by registering as a proxy device 3 If the packet contains a RIF the next hop following the ATM ring number is extracted from the RIF This next hop is resolved to the ATM address of a LEC within a source routing edge device that has registered the next hop as being attached to it If no next hop exists that is the RIF terminates on the ATM network then the MAC address is used to resolve the destination ATM address gt oo z z 2 S y SULINSIJUOD 100 291 07 73 Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module 4 The resolution of a MAC address or a next hop ring to an ATM address is performed by the LES Upon joining an ELAN a LEC registers with the LES indicating its ATM and MAC address At registration a LEC can also indicate that it is a transparent bridge by registering as a proxy Following the initial registration if the LEC is part of a source routing edge device it can register with the LES the ring numbers of those rings that are directly attached to the ports of the device 5 If an SVC does not already exist the LEC creates an SVC between itself and the destination ATM address 6 The token ring packet is encapsulated and pas
17. 4 gt os 3 go Note When you connect a token ring adapter to a port in concentrator mode ensure that you close i and re open the port whenever you break the cable that connects the Tx port on the node to the Rx port on the fiber token ring module If you break the connection without closing the port the concentrator port may bypass the node and you may need to reset the node 100 291 07 37 Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports Figure 4 2 shows the devices you can connect to a port in concentrator mode Figure4 2 Connecting fiber ports in concentrator interface mode Rar 4 e E Smart Raoult e o hd e e O EU E eae eot eo aga kd ly aT a T Awe bee Jesi gt 5 X aaa SSCL os N CG asl POLED 6 Smart Ringswitch Fiber token ring port in concentrator mode SmartRAM Plus UTP Access port with Fiber Trunk Link FTL Module Workstation server ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 compliant token ring adapter 38 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports CAU RI RO interface mode The CAU RI RO port interface mode
18. This involves a number of changes For more information see Appendix F Token ring and Ethernet conversion Resolving the destination of the Ethernet frame to an ATM Address Creating a Switched Virtual Channel SVC between the source and destination ATM devices Encapsulating the Ethernet frame segmenting the encapsulated frame into 53 byte cells and transmitting the ATM cells Receiving ATM cells re assembling them and unencapsulating the Ethernet frame Translational Bridging of the Ethernet frame into a token ring frame ready for transmission across the Ringswitch 72 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module Detail on Token ring LANE Figure 9 2 ATM and token ring LANE frame formats LE AC FC DA SA RIF DATA AAL5 PAD CTRL LGTH CRC Figure 9 3 Token ring frame format SDEL AC FC DA SA RIF DATA FCS EDEL FS These mechanisms take place at layer 2 of the ISO OSI 7 layer model that is beneath protocols such as IP and IPX This means that LAN Emulation LANE is completely transparent to the higher level protocols As far as a network protocol is concerned a token ring on an Emulated LAN ELAN is communicating directly with other token ring network adapters The bridging process from token ring to ATM networks can be summarized as follows 1 The token ring packet is passed down to the LEC
19. Token ring networks are resilient to the temporary disruption of network signals that occur when nodes insert into and de insert from the network Therefore you do not need to switch off the Ringswitch when connecting and disconnecting cables Each token ring port on the Ringswitch has both UTP RJ 45 and STP DB 9 connectors You do not need to configure the token ring ports to accept UTP or STP media The Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Copper Module only has UTP RJ45 connectors 24 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports Caution Either connect a device to the RJ 45 connector or the DB 9 connector of a token ring port Do not connect devices to both connectors on a single token ring port Attaching devices to the UTP and STP connectors of a token ring port at the same time may damage the Ringswitch Make sure you e configure the token ring port to support the correct ring speed or the ring may enter a beaconing condition e configure the token ring port for the correct interface mode use concentrator mode to connect a token ring port to another device that generates the phantom drive signal for example a Ringswitch port in node mode or a PC network adapter use node mode to connect a token ring port to another device that detects the phantom drive signal for example a Ringswitch port in concentrator mode Node interface mode In node mode a port behaves like a token ring
20. lt mode gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number mode Forwarding mode none The port does not forward frames srb The port forwards frames using source route bridging tb The port forwards frames using transparent bridging srt The port forwards frames using source route transparent bridging Caution Ifa given port is part of a Source Route Transparent Plus shared ring always set the port mode to source route transparent 260 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set port tb force command configures a port to forward Transparent frames at all times Since the port does not participate in the Spanning Tree Protocol exercise caution when configuring a switch to use the Force Transparent option because there is no protection against forwarding loops Command gt set port tb force lt slot port gt lt enable disable gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number The set port master command causes the slave port to take its Spanning Tree State from that of the master port Command gt set port master lt slave_slot slave_port gt lt master_slot master_port gt Parameter slave_slot Slot number of the slave port slave_port Port number of the slave port master_slot Slot number of the master port master_port Port number of the master port Example set port master 3 1 2 4 100 291 07 261 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 The clear port master command resets the set port master command so that t
21. 180 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The Filter Protocol Dialog Box When you click on the Protocol button you see the Filter Protocol Dialog shown in Figure C 2 FigureC 2 Filter Protocol Dialog Filter Protocol Dialog Protocol SAP value SNAP protocol AP Cancel Help There are two ways to define a filter e use the combo boxes and choose a value e supply a HEX value for the frame Figure C 3 shows a Filter Protocol Dialog with IPX defined as the Protocol SAP value al D 5 gO J090 01d 100 291 07 181 Figure C 3 Filter Protocol Dialog with IPX value Filter Protocol Dialog m Protocol SAP value E0E0 m IPX Header Destination address network node address socket Source address network node address socket S S E I J E C O Cancel When you select a value from the combo box the correct HEX value is inserted in the Hexadecimal edit field in the correct place When you change the SAP value the dialog displays the appropriate fields If you need to supply a value in any of these fields you must supply the value in the correct form For example IPX needs a HEX value and IP needs a value of the form xxx xxx xxx xxx 182 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide How to use Protocol Filtering As an example of Protocol Filtering we will use a network consisting of two groups of users who are connected via a Ringswitch to servers By using Proto
22. 302 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring static IP routes The add card tls static route and remove card tls static route commands are used to add and delete routes from the IP forwarding database Command Parameter Command Parameter gt add card tls lt slot gt static route lt ip address gt mask lt subnet mask gt gateway lt gateway gt metric lt metric gt slot Slot number ip address Destination network address in dot notation subnet mask Destination network subnet mask in dot notation gateway IP address of the gateway to destination network in dot notation metric Number of hops 1 15 to the destination network gt remove card tls lt slot gt static route lt ip address gt slot Slot number ip address Destination network address in dot notation 100 291 07 303 oO fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 Displaying Smart Ringswitch TLS Module status The show port leg RIP setup command displays the current leg port RIP status Command gt show port leg lt slot port gt RIP setup Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number The show port leg RIP setup command displays the current leg port OSPF status Command gt show port leg lt slot port gt OSPF setup Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number The show card tls OSPF areas command displays the currently configured OSPF areas Command gt show card tls lt slot gt OSPF areas Parameter slot Slot
23. Features supported by Software Release 1 2 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 1 2 adds the following features e Routing Information Protocol RIP and Service Advertising Protocol SAP frame suppression and All Routes Explorer ARE conversion broadcast control features e Per port enable disable for cut through switching e Enhanced reset button functionality with system configuration reset and erase feature for boot code and run time code e Microcode download via Trivial File Transfer Protocol TF TP over IP or IPX The following table describes the modules in Software Release 1 2 Table H9 Ringswitch software in release 1 2 Module File name Versions Run time SRSW118R BIN 1 18 Flash boot SRSB1201 BIN 1 02 01 se i D S 0 O oc nn 100 291 07 333 Features supported by Software Release 1 1 Features supported by Software Release 1 0 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 1 1 adds support for up to 12 copper Token Ring ports to the functionality provided by the previous release The following table describes the module in Software Release 1 1 Table H 10 Ringswitch software in release 1 1 Module File name Versions Run time SRSW107R BIN 1 07 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 1 0 is the first software release supporting up to 8 copper Token Ring ports The following table describes the module in Software Release 1 0 Table H 11 Ringswitch software i
24. If you use mix Source Route Bridging and Transparent Bridging in the same network configure all Ringswitch devices to support SRT or SRT bridging 100 291 07 147 Figure A 8 Spanning tree operation in mixed SR SRT network SR bridge SR bridge IBM root amp oem e e SR bridge IEEE 802 5 Spanning Tree between Ringswitch devices in SRT mode 148 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Both Spanning Tree Protocols cause bridges and switches to communicate using Spanning Tree configuration messages However the IEEE 802 5 Spanning Tree Protocol sends Spanning Tree configuration messages to the bridge group address whereas the IBM protocol sends messages to the bridge functional address When all the Ringswitch devices on the network are in SRT mode they form a spanning tree using the IEEE protocol as shown in Figure A 9 Figure A 9 Connecting the Ringswitch in SRT mode to IBM Spanning Tree bridges IBM Spanning SR bridge Tree frame SRT Ringswitch SR bridge IBM STA IEEE STA IBM STA E Z 2 0 O Ee Backbone D P
25. MDGTLS TXT 10 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family The Madge enterprise MIBs are Madge Box MIB Madge Smart Ringswitch MIB Madge ABC MIB and Madge TLS MIB They are all supplied in UNIX format with the Ringswitch software If you plan to use aSNMP management application to access the MIBs and have specified a password for the Ringswitch set the SNMP community string to match the password before editing any variables Ringswitch Software Releases 2 0 and later include RMON agent software To use the RMON agent you must obtain a Smart Ringswitch RMON License part number 84 27 from Madge Networks The RMON agent software supports the following MIBs e Remote Network Monitoring MIB RFC 1757 e Token ring Extensions to the Remote Network Monitoring MIB RFC 1513 For information about using a SNMP management application to access the MIBs refer to the manuals supplied with the SNMP management application 3 a fe 2 fa S ea e gt Connection to Ethernet LAN segments If you install a Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module into a Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis or a Smart Ringswitch Express you can connect token ring LAN segments with Ethernet LAN segments For more information about the Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module see Chapter 6 Connecting Ethernet ports For information about network issues see Appendix A Network design issues 100 291
26. Slot lt n gt HSTR4 The Smart Ringswitch 4 Port HSTR Copper Module is not correctly Rev xx xx xx no open functioning for either of the following reasons e itis in one of the top three slots of the Smart Ringswitch Plus e there is invalid Firmware on the module 100 291 07 119 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Table 11 28 Module status messages on the LCD panel Message Description FDDI messages Slot lt n gt FDDI Rev XX XX XX Correctly functioning FDDI Module Slot lt n gt FDDI Rev Unknown Disabled The FDDI Module is running microcode older than v2 08 The module must be moved to any of the top three slots before it can be upgraded Slot lt n gt FDDI Rev xx xx xx No Open The FDDI Module is running microcode older than v2 08 The module must be upgraded before the FDDI interface is enabled The upgrade must occur via a port other than FDDI Module s port Slot lt n gt FDDI Rev xx xx xx No Fwd The FDDI Module is running microcode older than v2 10 The module must be upgraded before the FDDI interface is enabled for bridging This upgrade can occur via the module s own port ATM messages Slot lt n gt MMF ATM Rev XX XX XX Correctly functioning ATM Module Slot lt n gt MMF ATM Rev xx xx xx No Fwd The ATM Module is running microcode older than v2 00 The module must be upgraded before the ATM interface is enabled for bridging
27. When an FDDI Module is installed the disable port fixups command disables protocol fixups Command gt disable port fixups lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 270 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module If you have an ATM module installed you can use additional commands to allow limited configuration of the card For more information about ATM and the components of LAN Emulation LANE see Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module Token ring and ATM use different addressing schemes and frame formats Therefore the LAN Emulation Client LEC that resides in the ATM Module provides a mechanism that resolves MAC to ATM addresses or ring number to ATM addresses to create Switched Virtual Circuits SVCs between the source and destination It also performs the required SAR Segmentation and Reassembly function to convert the 4 5Kbyte token ring frames into ATM 53 byte cells and vice versa Setting the NSAP The set card atm lecs command configures the ATM address of the LAN Emulation Configuration Server LECS for a particular card Command gt set card atm lecs lt slot gt lt NSAP gt S Parameter slot Slot number 3 3 D Parameter NSAP NSAP ATM address z default Selects the default access point Example set card atm lecs 3 39840F8001BC61DF0007COEDO000006FC280000 For more information on ATM addressing refer to the TrueView o
28. go SR bridge SRT Ringswitch a g IBM STA IEEE STA The Ringswitch uses transparent bridging to flood all ports with IBM Spanning Tree frames so source routing bridges that use the IBM protocol and are connected to those rings behave as if they were all the same ring For example Figure A 9 shows the actual design of a network and the way Ringswitch devices flood all ports with an IBM Spanning Tree frame and Figure A 10 shows the appearance of the same network to the bridges using the IBM protocol 100 291 07 149 Figure A 10 Ringswitch devices in SRT mode as they appear to IBM Spanning Tree bridges SR bridge A oss SR bridge IBM STA xe IBM STA Ser z 5 5 a ae 5 Go ca LKE e C IEEE STA Ow SR bridge IBM STA ae Note Some source routing bridges that check the ring number in IBM Spanning Tree Protocol frames do not interoperate with the Ringswitch in SRT forwarding modes If you have bridges that are not interoperable design the network to avoid parallel paths or configure the Ringswitch devices on the network for source routing only 150 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Overriding the Spanning Tree Protocol The implementation of the Spanning Tree Protocol ensures that any duplicate path
29. slot Slot number port Leg port number The disable port leg command disables BootP Relay Agent server on a leg port o la Command gt disable port leg lt slot gt lt port gt BOOTPRA z D Parameter slot Slot number a S port Leg port number 100 291 07 293 The remove card tls BOOTPRA server command removes a BootP Relay Agent server from a leg port Command gt remove card tls lt slot gt BOOTPRA server lt ip address gt Parameter slot Slot number ip address IP address of the BOOTP Relay Agent server The set card tls BOOTPRA server name command sets the BootP Relay Agent server name Command gt set card tls lt slot BOOTPRA server lt ip address gt name lt word gt Parameter slot Slot number ip address IP address of the BOOTP Relay Agent server word name for the BOOTP Relay Agent server 294 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring VRRP on a leg port The add port leg VRRP VRTR ip vrid command adds a VRRP virtual router to a leg port Command gt add port leg lt slot gt lt port gt VRRP VRTR ip lt ip address gt vrid lt number gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number ip address IP address of the VRRP virtual router number id number of the virtual router The remove port leg VRRP VRTR ip command removes a VRRP virtual router from a leg port Command gt remove port leg lt slot gt lt port gt VRRP VRTR ip lt ip address gt Parameter slot Slot number o port Leg p
30. version number of the software For the most up to date information about version numbers refer to the README TXT file on the accompanying CD 324 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Table 12 1 Ringswitch software modules in Release 3 3 Microcode Switch module Ringswitch Filename Versions module Run time Switch 3 Module SRPW387R BIN 3 87 Boot flash Switch 3 Module Switch 113 SRPB3507 BIN 3 05 07 Switch 3 Module Switch 113b SRPV3507 BIN Smart Ringswitch Express part number 058 SRPB3507 BIN 270 04 Smart Ringswitch Express part number 058 SRPV3507 BIN 270 05 HSTR Switch 3 Module HSTR1023 BIN 1 00 23 Firmware FDDI Switch 3 Module SRSF216R BIN 2 16 firmware ATM Switch 3 Module SRSA2510 BIN 2 05 10 firmware Look at the rear of your Ringswitch Express to see the Part Number S3 o o S no oc nn 100 291 07 325 Features supported by Software Release 3 2 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 3 2 supports the Smart Ringswitch the Smart Ringswitch Plus and the Smart Ringswitch Express and introduces support for the GroupSwitch Module Protocol Filtering and Traffic Profiling Note To identify files containing boot code and run time microcode examine the first four letters in the file name as shown in Table H 2 The remaining characters in the file name denote the version number of the software Table H2 Ringswitch software mo
31. with one in concentrator interface mode and one in node interface mode When you connect two Ringswitches by their token ring ports and you use source route bridging make sure the ring number is identical for both ports 42 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Connecting high speed token ring ports There are four Madge HSTR modules e Smart Ringswitch 4 Port HSTR Copper Module e Smart Ringswitch 2 Port HSTR Fiber Module e Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Copper Module e Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Fiber Module This chapter explains how to configure Madge HSTR modules to connect the Ringswitch to workstations servers and other Ringswitch devices An HSTR module is an optional unit that you use to extend the functionality of the Ringswitch or to replace an existing Option Module The Smart Ringswitch 4 Port HSTR Copper Module has four HSTR ports the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Copper Module has eight HSTR ports Copper HSTR ports each have an RJ 45 connector for copper UTP cabling You can use copper STP cabling by using a media converter Install copper HSTR modules into any of the bottom three slots of the Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis or into the Smart Ringswitch Express The Smart Ringswitch 2 Port HSTR Fiber Module has two fiber HSTR ports the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Fiber Module has eight fiber HSTR ports Fiber HSTR ports each have an SC Snap Connection socket Install the Smart Ringswitch 2 Port HSTR Fiber M
32. 06 Flash boot SRSB3106 BIN 3 01 06 SRST3106 BIN 3 01 06 FDDI firmware SRSF208R BIN 2 08 ATM firmware SRSA108R BIN 1 08 328 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Features supported by Software Release 2 1 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 2 1 introduces transparent bridging over FDDI The following table describes the modules in Software Release 2 1 Table H 5 Ringswitch software in release 2 1 Module File name Versions Run time SRSW227R BIN 2 27 Flash boot SRSB2205 BIN 2 02 05 SRST2205 BIN 2 02 05 FDDI firmware SRSF208R BIN 2 08 Features supported by Software Release 2 0 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 2 0 introduces support for the Switch 2 Module hardware To support transparent bridging Source Route Transparent bridging or Source Route Transparent Plus bridging the Ringswitch device must have a Switch 2 Module installed For devices with a Switch 1 Module the following features are supported e Active Broadcast Control ABC e Remote Monitoring RMON To use the RMON agent you must obtain a Remote Monitoring RMON Agent Software License part number 84 27 from Madge Networks e IP address discovery support for BOOTP RARP or DHCP S3 o o S me oc nn 100 291 07 329 For devices with a Switch 2 Module all the features described above are supported The following additional features are supported e Transparent bridging e Source Route Transparent br
33. 11 Reading status indicators Reading LEDs for Fast Failover on HSTR modules The LEDs on the active port indicate the status mode and ring speed of the port as described in Reading token ring port LEDs above The standby port uses the LED combinations displayed in Table 11 10 Link Up means that the Fast Failover link is operational Link Down means that the Fast Failover link is not operational Table 11 10 LED states for the standby port in a Fast Failover link LED state Description Poitsanisas Link Status Top LED Bottom LED Port mode displayed on LOD flashing green flashing green Node DTR Norm Link Up flashing yellow flashing yellow Concentrator DTR Norm Link Up unlit yellow Concentrator Ready Link Down unlit flashing red Node OpenFail Link Down flashing red flashing red Concentrator OpenFail Link Up flashing red flashing red Node OpenFail Link Up 96 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Reading Ethernet port LEDs Each Ethernet port has two LEDs that indicate the status and mode The lower LED displays the information in Table 11 11 The upper LEDs states are the same as those for the token ring and FDDI ports as described in Table 11 3 Table 11 11 Lower LED states for Ethernet ports ps _ 2 a8 Sa EF oA ox Cc no LED state Description yellow The Ethernet port is enabled but th
34. 26 Ethernet port status messages on the LCD panel D _ 2 a8 ga EF oA ox Cc n Message Description Slot lt n gt XXX XXX The location of the card what the card is and the Rev 0 hardware revision number 1 2 SR 402 Fwds TB Disa 1 2 The slot and port number of the Ethernet port 02 Open 100 Lk Up FD SR 402 Fwds The forwarding mode number of the ring attached to the port and the source routing status see Table 11 14 TB Disa The transparent status of the port see Table 11 15 02 Open 100 The total port number the interface mode see Table 11 27 and the speed of the port Lk up FD The ports link status and the ports duplex mode see Table 11 27 100 291 07 117 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Table 11 27 Ethernet port interface modes Message Description Closed The port is closed Open The port is open Fault The port has detected a fault while trying to open close Lk Up The link is up That is the port has detected another Ethernet interface when it is in an open state Lk Down The link is down The port has failed to detect another Ethernet interface while open 10 The port is open at 10Mbps if Lk Up else it will try and establish a link at 1OMbps if Lk Down 100 The port is open at 100Mbps if Lk Up else it will try and establish a link at 100Mbps if Lk Down AS The port will auto negot
35. 3 k mt a m i N lod fod brec tle a j OIN w ce o4 HU J J yao L CO i laa f a 0 J Server B D 123 Ll Ee E J Se cA Ed Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide 132 As a network grows in size routing protocols are often employed to sub divide the network into more manageable segments An example of this is the use of IP subnets Communication between these subnets requires a router The router s function is to inter connect the network s subnets and restrict the intra subnet traffic to the correct subnets The Ringswitch provides routing functionality with the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module The Ringswitch The Ringswitch is a cut through token ring switch with multiple token ring ports that support the attachment of wiring concentrators and lobe stations The Ringswitch provides a high capacity interconnection between multiple token ring segments forwarding frames without incurring excessive latency or making the network difficult to administer You can use the Ringswitch in conjunction with an Ethernet Module to link Ethernet and token ring LAN segments together As a local collapsed backbone device the Ringswitch offers a lower per port cost and incurs lower interstation latency than a bridge and supports the direct connection of workstations and network servers Alternatively you can use the Ringswitch in conjunction with a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module providing a high capacity
36. 306 show card tls static routes 306 show Ethernet port information 315 show interface alternate priority 265 show interface ffomode 269 show interface frame status setting 266 show port characteristics 316 show port counters 321 show port leg OSPF setup 305 show port leg RIP setup 304 show port leg VRRP setup 307 show port status 320 show slots status 250 100 291 07 xiii XIV Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family The Smart Ringswitch Family is a range of stackable token ring switches that supports the connection of wiring concentrators or lobe stations over a range of different network media at ring speeds of 4 16 or 100 Mbps You can also connect Ringswitches to different types of network such as an Ethernet network a Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI network or an Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM network Features of a Ringswitch The following sections introduce features of a Ringswitch e LAN bridging techniques e Third Layer Services e Cut through switching e Configurable port interface mode e F ull duplex token ring connections DTR e Active Broadcast Control ABC and virtual LANs e Remote Monitoring RMON support e Traffic Profiling e Protocol Filtering e Management e Connection to Ethernet LAN segments 100 291 07 5 cr g fa 2 S aa fe gt Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family
37. Bridges to correctly convert the frames type needed in one conversion between token ring and Ethernet devices Special fix ups are needed for RIP and SAP frames which contain many embedded MAC addresses IPX even length frames Novell recommend that all datagrams transmitted on Ethernet using Raw 802 3 or Ethernet II encapsulation be of even length The Translational Bridge achieves this by placing a single padding byte into all odd length IPX frames The Translational Bridge removes the padding bytes when forwarding back to token ring Configuring BOOTP and DHCP The MAC addresses in BOOTP and DHCP frames are bit swapped by the Translational Bridge This means that if a BOOTP or DHCP server is being configured with the MAC address of a workstation on the opposite side of the Translational Bridge it must be entered in bit swapped format 232 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide AppendixG Using the command line interface The Ringswitch supports serial management and Telnet sessions and provides a simple command line interface that you can use to configure the Ringswitch before connecting other network devices To use the command line interface Connect either a terminal that supports a fixed serial format of 9600 baud 8 bits 1 stop bit and no parity to the serial port by means of a null modem EJA TIA 232 cable with a 25 pin D type connector or a Hayes compatible modem by means of a straight through EIA TIA 232 cable wit
38. Fa 11 Subnet Er Ha Note The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module is not visible in the TLS Interface Port List because it has no physical ports 84 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 10 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Figure 10 3 shows a more complex subnet configuration This Ringswitch contains Smart Ringswitch 4 Port TR Copper Modules in Slots 1 2 3 and 5 It also contains a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module in Slot 4 A physical port may be present in multiple IP subnet groups This allows hosts from different IP subnets to reside on a single physical LAN In this example the TLS Interface Port List represents a Smart Ringswitch Plus which is configured to route between two IP subnets Subnet 1 and Subnet 2 IP hosts for Subnet 1 are located on LANs attached to Ringswitch Ports 1 1 and 2 2 IP hosts for Subnet 2 are located on LANs attached to Ringswitch Ports 2 2 and 3 1 The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module is configured with two leg ports One leg port is configured as an IP gateway for Subnet 1 and contains Ports 1 1 and 2 2 in its subnet group The other leg port is configured as an IP gateway for Subnet 2 and contains Ports 2 2 and 3 1 in its subnet group Figure 10 3 Complex subnet configuration oj slelx amp xlali 34 gala Sw enet Cs m wn z a a 100 291 07 85 Chapter 10 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Configuring the Smart Ri
39. Fast Failover link Active Indicates the active port The word Active appearing after the number of the active port In the following example Port 2 is the active port 6 1 2 Active Whereas in the following example Port 1 is the active port 6 1 Active 2 L_status Fast Failover link status which is either Link Up or Link Down Link Up means that the Fast Failover link is operational Link Down means that the Fast Failover link is not operational StandbyPort status Status of the standby port which will be one of the following OpenFail Opening Open Closed DTR Norm or Ready FFO Indicates the Fast Failover link 116 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators LCD status messages for Ethernet ports The LCD panel displays additional status messages for the Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module Status messages for the Ethernet port provide detailed information about the status and operation of the port To display this information press the paddle down until the LCD screen displays the name of the required slot Then press the paddle up to provide detailed information about each of the ports in the selected slot The Ethernet port status messages that the LCD panel displays are described in Table 11 26 The transparent and source route forwarding tables for Ethernet are the same as those for token ring For more information see Table 11 14 and Table 11 15 Table 11
40. GroupSwitch port is either a five port token ring connector a 1 port full duplex concentrator or a 1 port half duplex concentrator For information about the port interface modes and how to configure the port interface mode see Appendix G Using the command line interface Fault finding Fault finding on the Ringswitch begins after a period of sustained beaconing on the network or if the port is in the claim token process continuously If the beaconing or claim token process exceeds one second the faulty node is identified fault disabled and removed This form of node removal is shown by the right LED flashing red If the node is re inserted and re offends it is fault disabled and the right LED flashes red If this event is repeated and the user set Removal threshold reached the node will then be management disabled and the left LED will flash green To enable a management disabled node you must use TrueView Right click on the port and select GroupSwitch You see the GroupSwitch Info dialog box Check the box of the disabled port to re enable it Fault Manager There are three ways to control how the Fault Manager deals with a fault Ignore Inform or Remove If you set the fault manager to Inform the Alert manager reports the fault in the Alert table when the threshold is reached If you set the fault manager to remove the node is removed when the threshold is reached and its LED flashes red 58 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guid
41. Parameter Server RPS It provides this value in the Initialize Ring Station MAC frame that it sends to other stations when they request this information usually when they open onto the ring The stations use this value to pace the transmission of MAC soft error report frames Command gt set port softerr timer lt slot port gt lt timer_value gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number timer_value Timer value specified in milliseconds The range must be between 10 and 655360 milliseconds in multiples of 10 milliseconds C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 267 Configuring Fast Failover on an HSTR module The enable interface ffomode command enables Fast Failover on any odd numbered port The Ringswitch pairs that port with its right hand neighbor to create the Fast Failover link The new combined link adopts the characteristics and settings of the left hand port The right hand port will be disabled if it is not already You must manage the link through the left hand port To change the characteristics of the Fast Failover link you must configure the left hand port Note You can change the characteristics of the right hand port in a Fast Failover link and it will not affect the characteristics of the Fast Failover link The port will not use these characteristics until you disable the Fast Failover link using the disable interface ffomode command You can enable Fast Failover on any number of HSTR
42. Ring ARE Conversion Filter AreConv e IP ARP Filter IPArp e Netbios Name Filter NBName e Netbios ADD_NAME_QUERY Filter NBAdd e IPX RIP SAP Suppression Filter IPXRip e IPX Type 20 Filter IPX20 By default all the ABC filters are disabled Before enabling ABC filters make sure the filter is applicable to your network then use TrueView Ringswitch Manager to monitor the effect of applying the filter Monitoring the effectiveness of each filter in turn enables you to evaluate the improvement in network performance that you can expect Note The effectiveness of ABC filters depends on the architecture of your network and the configuration of the Ringswitch If a filter does not help control broadcast frames on your network do not enable the filter For information about using TrueView Ringswitch Manager to configure ABC filters refer to the booklet accompanying the Smart Ringswitch CD 166 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Workstation ring filtering To reduce unnecessary broadcast traffic you can define the type of stations that are connected to each Ringswitch port For IPX and Netbios protocols the Ringswitch uses information about the type of station to block broadcast frames originating on workstation only rings and destined for other workstation only rings The Ringswitch performs port to port blocking on workstation rings for all IPX and Netbios all routes broadcast and single route broadcast frames e
43. YLA X ET ji 7 A VLANZ Poa oS i 7s lasa ia Swich A m s ea i Por 10 Fot A E 222 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Appendix F Token ring and Ethernet conversion This appendix gives an overview of how to integrate token ring and Ethernet Translational Bridging is the method by which the Ringswitch converts between token ring and Ethernet Within the Ringswitch the Translational Bridging function is performed by the ATM Module or by the Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module Frame formats Ethernet and token ring use different frame formats and different fields within these formats to carry information There are four Ethernet frame formats Ethernet II 802 2 802 3 raw and SNAP There are two token ring frame formats 802 2 and SNAP The higher level protocols then use these frame formats to communicate between devices using the same formats m fon gt oO 3 D gt oO pue Bul u yoL 100 291 07 223 Token ring frame formats Figure F1 Token ring 802 2 frame AC FC DA SA RIF DLC HEADER DATA dSAP sSAP CTRL Figure F2 Token ring SNAP frame AC FC DAISA RIF SNAP HEADER DATA AA AA 03 OUI TYPE 3bytes 2bytes 224 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide A token ring frame contains the following fields AC FC DA and SA RIF HEADER DATA The Access Control
44. all the other stations on the ring when it detects a hard error on the ring boot code The firmware for booting and initialization that resides in the system Read Only Memory ROM When you want to upgrade the firmware instead of replacing the system ROM you can download new software using TrueView Ringswitch Manager 100 291 07 369 bridge A device that connects one LAN to another at the datalink layer of the OSI model The two main types of bridges are source routing bridges and transparent bridges The traditional method for connecting multiple token ring networks is by using a source routing bridge bridge number A single hexadecimal number in the range 0 to F that is combined with the ring numbers of the two token ring networks that are connected by a bridge to uniquely identify the bridge bridge priority A five digit decimal number that determines which one of two or more parallel bridges connecting the same two token rings is able to forward single route broadcast and transparent bridged frames at any one time Inserting a lower number increases the priority of the device and the probability that it will be selected as the root bridge The bridge root priority applies when the spanning tree mode is set to Auto or the Ringswitch is in Transparent bridging Source Route bridging or Source Route Transparent Plus bridging mode broadcast filtering The method by which the Smart Ringswitch restricts broadcast frames to a group of
45. and settings of the failed port and enables traffic flow to continue virtually uninterrupted The Ringswitch will continually attempt to re open the failed port If the Ringswitch succeeds the failed port will remain on standby Use TrueView or the Ringswitch LCD display to monitor the status of the Fast Failover link Note The Ringswitch does not support Fast Failover links through fiber to copper converters media converter units suod YISH 100 291 07 47 Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring ports Enabling Fast Failover Each Fast Failover link requires two adjacent HSTR ports on the same HSTR module You enable Fast Failover either using the command line see Appendix G Using the command line interface or TrueView You can enable Fast Failover on any odd numbered port for example Port 1 Port 3 and Port 5 The Ringswitch pairs that port with the next port to the right to create the Fast Failover link The new combined link adopts the characteristics and settings of the left hand port The Ringswitch disables the right hand port if it is not already disabled You must manage the link through the left hand port You do not have to connect the ports in the Fast Failover link to the same port numbers in the terminating HSTR module A Ringswitch can have any number of HSTR ports configured in Fast Failover mode Caution You must enable Fast Failover on the HSTR ports in both Ringswitches before
46. and later Multi Download simplifies the upgrades of Ringswitch software by combining downloadable files into a single file including Switch boot code Switch microcode HSTR microcode ATM microcode Ethernet microcode and TLS microcode 3 a fe 2 fa S e e gt To upgrade your Ringswitch microcode download the latest runtime microcode this enables your Ringswitch for Multi Download and makes it aware of any new Ringswitch hardware and then download the Multi Download file and your Ringswitch is upgraded To do this use the following instructions 1 Upgrade your TrueView Ringswitch manager The latest version is on the accompanying CD For information about installing and using TrueView Ringswitch Manager refer to the TrueView online help or the booklet accompanying the Smart Ringswitch Software CD 2 Upgrade your TrueView Ringswitch manager by running the file you have downloaded and following on screen instructions 3 Power off the Ringswitch and ensure the Option Module that you want to upgrade is installed in the correct slot of the Ringswitch For information about installing Option Modules refer to Getting Started Smart Ringswitch Family part number 100 315 4 Power on the Ringswitch 5 In TrueView select Upgrade code To do this right click on the red download button on the Ringswitch dialog box and select Upgrade code This automatically downloads all the files that your Ringswitch needs for all
47. card within the Ringswitch the type of card and the hardware revision number 3 1 SR 409 Fwds TB Disa 3 1 The slot and port number of the FDDI port 09 Fix Y Normal SR 409 Fwds The forwarding mode number of the ring attached to the port and the source routing status see Table 11 14 TB Disa The transparent status of the port see Table 11 15 09 Fix Y The total port number and whether protocol fixups have been enabled see IP and IPX protocol fixup capabilities in Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module Normal The status of the port see Table 11 19 100 291 07 107 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators The LCD panel displays additional messages when you install an FDDI Module The FDDI port status messages shown in Table 11 19 Table 11 19 FDDI port status messages on the LCD panel Message Description Closed The port is closed Opening The port is opening Open The port is open OpenFail The last open request failed Closing The port is closing RingInop The Ringswitch cannot enable the FDDI interface Either no cable is connected to the port or the connection to the ring has been refused Check your network connections and port types Twisted The Ringswitch cannot enable the FDDI interface The cables are connected incorrectly For example port type A of a dual attach station is connected to port type A on the FDDI m
48. data or any other special indirect consequential or incidental damages arising in any way out of the use of its products whether or not used in accordance with the user guide Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Notes cautions and warnings i Note A note icon indicates information that you should observe Y Caution A caution icon indicates the possibility of damage to data or equipment Aa Warning A warning icon indicates the possibility of a threat to personal safety Acknowledgments Madge the Madge Logo Ring Access Module Ringhub Smart Ringswitch Smart Ringswitch Plus Smart Ringswitch Express HSTR Ready GroupSwitch Smart CAU Smart RAM STP Smart RAM Plus UTP Smart LAM STP Smart LAM Plus UTP Smart Ringbridge TrueView and TrueView 32 are trademarks and in some jurisdictions may be registered trademarks of Madge Networks or its affiliated companies Other trademarks appearing in this document are the property of their respective owners Release date November 1999 Copyright 1999 Madge Networks Limited All rights reserved 100 291 07 iil Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family eesessesecseeseesecseceeeeeeceecaaeaseeceecsaeeneseees 1 Features of a Rin es With cs sesccacczesgedtecetc tc i etevecscanteted ai i C ai E 1 About Smart Ringswitch Software Release 4 2 0 ccc cseseesesecneeseeeeece
49. ea aAa R Aa a R i ii 55 Configuring the Smart GroupSwitch Module sssssssssseseseseseesesesesesrsssreresrsrsesrssesesrsresseeerseses 57 About the Smart GroupSwitch Module sssssssesesesesessessesesesesresssesesrsrsrerenrsestsensesenrsreseeerseses 57 Portmodesisamireaanaa i a o a a a dha gia aiea a a a Aaa 60 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module s ssssssesssesesseseseresesesesrsreseresrsssreresrserreeess 61 About the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module oe eeeecnecneeseeseceeeeeeeceaeneeeeesecuaeseeseeaees 61 Bridging and the FDD Module oo tirigini anann a iii i 64 IP and IPX protocol fixup capabilities seeeeeseesssesssesessessresesesesressserestssstesrseseseessseseseseseeees 66 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module sssssssseseesesesesesrersreresrsesrerssesesrsresrresrseses 69 About the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module ssssseeeeseesseseeseseseresrsereesesesrssessresrssseeresrsereeeees 69 Foken ring to ATM bridging isis iah id ctiehieecg hanana i aa aie eadi ed 71 Connecting devices to ATM poitsu anana a a a i A A E 77 LAN Emulation fundamental ss 0iscsessnepanedescstscsaosenzanetgtaatsaians a i ARAN 78 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module ssssesesesseeesesesessesereresrrerresesrresresrrerreeseee 81 Smart Ringswitch TLS Mod le niiina nea a e E AE E a 81 IP subnet configuration vesceiccecks sdetene oszsdedslaveds idee snapoted a a a a aa i aini 83 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module cece seeeeeceseneeseceseeeeee
50. faults The program tests the high level functions During the high level self test the LCD displays the messages described in Table I 6 If the Ringswitch fails the high level self test the LCD displays a message for approximately three seconds and illuminates the port LEDs to identify faulty ports the self test program restarts and the number of the failed test is displayed together with additional information about the problem Record any information the Ringswitch displays High level tests are repeated until the self test is completed successfully or you override the self test failure see the section Overriding a self test failure If the Ringswitch fails the high level self test contact your customer service representative see the section Reporting faults The program checks that microcode exists in memory and the Ringswitch starts up If microcode is not present in memory the loader program waits for new microcode to be downloaded from the management station At startup the LCD panel displays the messages shown in Table I 5 100 291 07 349 3 E z D Q gt 5 a Table 1 5 LCD Display during startup Startup stage Status LED Description Token Ring Switch green The Ringswitch is starting up with the default 1 00 10 03 95 10 34 boot code stored in flash memory Displays the version number of the boot software and the date and time that the
51. field one byte is used for priority reservation and identifying the frame as a token or data frame and it indicates whether it has passed the Active Monitor on the ring Frame Control one byte is used to distinguish a MAC frame from a data frame The FC byte may include a data priority level Destination and Source Address are each six bytes long in non canonical format The first three bytes indicate the network vendor and the last three are specified by the network vendor The source is always a unicast MAC address the destination may be a unicast broadcast or multicast group or functional address m ot gt oO D gt o gt This field contains the optional source routing information which controls how the frame is bridged in an SR or SRT network pue Bui u yol In an 802 2 format frame the dSAP and sSAP values indicate the higher level protocol for example EO for IPX and FO for Netbios In a SNAP format frame the OUI and TYPE fields indicate the higher level protocol If the OUI field is all zeroes then the TYPE field is an Ethertype value For example the type might be 0800 for an IP frame 0806 for an ARP frame 8035 for a RARP frame or 8137 for an IPX frame Data area uses a maximum frame size of about 4k at 4Mbps and about 17k at 16Mbps or 100Mbps 100 291 07 225 Ethernet frame formats Figure F3 Ethernet Il frame DA SA_ TYPE DATA PAD Figure F4 802 2 f
52. for each group is determined by the RMON mode that is defined for Ringswitch ports NONY ynoqy The groups are e Segment Statistics MIB object ID mib 2 16 1 e History MIB object ID mib 2 16 2 e Alarms MIB object ID mib 2 16 3 e Host Table MIB object ID mib 2 16 4 e Host TopN MIB object ID mib 2 16 5 e Traffic Matrix MIB object ID mib 2 16 6 e Filters MIB object ID mib 2 16 7 e Packet Capture MIB object ID mib 2 16 8 e Events MIB object ID mib 2 16 9 Segment Statistics MIB object ID mib 2 16 1 The Segment Statistics group provides packet statistics including the number of packets number of broadcast packets and packet size distribution The token ring statistics tables comprise the following tables e Token ring MAC Layer Statistics MLStats Table which collects information from the MAC layer including error reports and ring utilization e Token ring Promiscuous Statistics PStats Table which collects utilization statistics from data packets collected promiscuously 100 291 07 195 The support that each mode provides to the Segment Statistics group is shown in Table D 1 Table D 1 Mode requirements of the Segment Statistics group RMON mode Support All Frames Fully supports the MLStats and PStats tables All counters provide accurate data MAC Frames Only All MLStats counters are accurate except the MacOctets and MacPkts counters which only count the
53. forwarding command sets the global forwarding mode for the Ringswitch VW Caution Changing the forwarding mode may cause a Ringswitch with a Switch 2 Module installed to reboot Ringswitches with Switch 3 Modules installed will not reboot when the mode is changed Command gt set bridge forwarding lt mode gt Parameter mode Forwarding mode none The Ringswitch does not forward frames between rings srb The Ringswitch uses Source Route Bridging tb The Ringswitch uses Transparent Bridging srt_normal The Ringswitch uses Source Route Transparent bridging 2 fe 3 3 D SD ro 5 srt_plus The Ringswitch uses Source Route Transparent Plus bridging 100 291 07 245 The set bridge root priority command sets the spanning tree root priority which determines the device that becomes the root bridge when the port Spanning Tree mode is set to auto To increase the priority of the Ringswitch and the probability that the Ringswitch will become the root bridge set a lower priority number Command gt set bridge root priority lt priority gt Parameter priority Bridge root priority decimal number in the range 0 65535 The set bridge number command sets the number that identifies the Ringswitch to other bridges and switches on the network The number must be unique to the device Command gt set bridge number lt number gt Parameter number Bridge number hexadecimal number in the range 0 to F Configuring A
54. hand ports of each card Ring speed 100 Mbps 100 291 07 19 D 5 go 0 fna 8 5 y SULNBSYUOD Chapter 2 Configuring the Ringswitch Table 2 1 Factory default settings Module Setting Description Smart Ringswitch 8 Interface mode Node mode four left hand ports of each card Port HSTR Fiber Concentrator mode four right hand ports of each Module card Ring speed 100 Mbps Smart Ringswitch 2 Interface mode Concentrator mode right hand port of each card Port HSTR Fiber Node mode left hand port of each card Module i Ring speed 100Mbps GroupSwitch Module 5 port mode FDDI Module Protocol fixups Enabled ATM Module UNI version Automatic Requested Determined by LECS ELAN Order in which ILMI Well Known Address Well Known PVC the LECS NSAP is determined 20 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 2 Configuring the Ringswitch Table 2 1 Factory default settings Module Setting Description Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Global OSPF No OSPF areas OSPF disabled Global RIP Empty RIP neighbor list and ignore neighbor list flag set Leg OSPF No OSPF area assigned Leg RIP Do not send RIP do not receive RIP Announce default routes host routes and static routes Learn default routes host routes Enable split horizon algorithm No RIPv2 authentication Empty RIP advertise and reject lists
55. installed modules The Ringswitch will automatically re boot as part of the upgrade process When download is complete you see the message Upgrade Completed in the Download Status dialog 6 If you have a Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module in the Ringswitch download the FDDI firmware from the accompanying CD 100 291 07 13 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Table 1 2 Ringswitch software modules in Release 4 2 Microcode module Switch module Ringswitch Filename Versions Run time Switch 3 Module SRPW426R BIN 4 26 Multi Download file Switch 3 Module REL4_2 BIN 4 2 FDDI firmware Switch 3 Module SRSF216R BIN 2 16 14 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Identifying the type of Switch Module hardware To identify the Switch Module refer to Table 1 3 Table 1 3 Identifying Switch Modules Ringswitch Metal carrier ID Module Smart Ringswitch Chassis lt None gt Switch 1 Module Smart Ringswitch Chassis Switch 111 Switch 1 Module Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis Switch 112 Switch 2 Module Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis Switch 113 Switch 3 Module Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis Switch 113b Switch 3 Module Smart Ringswitch Express lt None gt Switch 3 Module 100 291 07 15 5 er g fa 2 S m gt Chapter 1
56. interconnection between token ring segments while retaining the network segmentation provided by the router In Figure A 2 servers are located either on a single ring or are directly connected to the Ringswitch Because the Ringswitch has a greater internal capacity than 16 Mbps token ring it can enable workgroups 123 and 125 to access the servers without becoming overloaded by traffic 100 291 07 133 Z 2 nS 0 O S 23 oa no D m Figure A 2 i F aa Server B Ringswitch as collapsed backbone Ringswitch ee e s aE o 0 _ P LRA Server C Server A a C iJ Ne E E 134 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide In addition the Ringswitch introduces minimal latency This means that nodes can communicate with servers on another ring and deliver performance as if both were attached to the same ring This occurs because the Ringswitch determines the destination of non broadcast frames before the whole packet is received then immediately establishes a connection between the input port and the output port and starts to transmit the packet onto the destination ring This technique is known as cut throu
57. is enabled The following statistics are collected e Last NAUN e Station Status e Enter Time e Exit Time e Duplicate Addresses e In and Out Line Errors e Internal Errors e In and Out Burst Errors e AC Errors e Abort Errors e Lost Frame Errors NONY noqy e Congestion Errors e Frame Copied Errors e Frequency Errors e Token Errors e Inand Out Beacon Errors e Insertions 100 291 07 207 Common frames counted in the Ring Station Table are shown in Table D 2 TableD 5 Frames commonly counted in the Ring Station Table Frame Destination address Ring Purge Functional broadcast Beacon Active Monitor Present AMP Standby Monitor Present SMP Claim Token NAUN Change CRS Report Error REM Duplicate Address Frame Individual address 208 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Support for the Ring Station Table provided by each mode is shown in Table D 4 gt S Table D 6 Mode requirements of the Ring Station Table S D RMON mode Support S All Frames Fully supports the Ring Station Table All counters provide accurate data MAC Frames Only All counters except for the ringStationDuplicateAddress counter are accurate The only station resulting in an duplicate address count is the Ringswitch All Frames to Address All counters except for the ringStationDuplicateAddress counter are accurate The ringStationDuplicateAddress is accur
58. isolating errors lost frame errors congestion errors frame copied errors frequency errors and token errors soft error reports and ring poll events 2 Token ring promiscuous statistics table PStats and PStats history table are added to the segment statistics group This table collects octets packets broadcast packets multicast packets and packets of length 18 to 63 octets 64 to 127 octets 128 to 255 octets up to 18000 octets and greater than 18000 octets 3 Anew token ring group MIB object ID mib 2 16 10 is added The RMON support in the Ringswitch is controlled by the vendor specific Madge Ringswitch MIB MDGRSW TXT The Madge Ringswitch MIB does not provide additional RMON groups or control the enabling of supported RMON groups but controls the types of frames that are passed to the internal RMON probe for processing 100 291 07 191 Setting up the RMON probe The Madge Ringswitch MIB MDGRSW TXT defines whether RMON is enabled for Ringswitch ports and the mode that determines whether all frames MAC frames or all frames to a specified address are processed All the variables in the Madge Ringswitch MIB can be changed by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager By default the Ringswitch has no RMON groups enabled To enable RMON 1 Enable the RMON groups using TrueView Ring Manager or a third party RMON management application 2 Enable RMON support on the Ringswitch and on one or more ports using TrueV
59. lt slot port gt Open failed The Ringswitch failed to open a port because an upgrade of Upgrade software software is required Port lt slot port gt Open failed A token ring port has been configured with a speed of Unsupported ring speed 4Mbps When the Ringswitch is in 18K mode all 4Mbps ports will be disabled The IEEE standard does not allow 4Mbps links to support frame sizes great then 4 5K The Ringswitch LCD will display the message Unsupported Ring Speed for those 4Mbps ports that are enabled Open the card at 16Mbps 100 291 07 339 Table 1 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel Message Description Port x y Open Failed Registration failure The port configured for Full Duplex Only has failed to get a response to its DTR registration request Usually caused by a cable fault or connection to a Classic only device Port x y Open Failed Registration rejected The port set to Full Duplex Only has requested a Full Duplex connection but this has been refused by the other link entity Usually caused by a concentrator port configured as Classic only Port x y Open Failed No link status The HSTR port cannot open because link status has not been detected by the Ringswitch This is usually caused by a cable fault Port x y Open Failed Lobe test timeout The port s Full Duplex lobe test has taken too long to complete This can be caused if the concentrator is too slow in responding to the
60. not make use of lookup tables but use a non address based system of establishing a route between participating nodes Clients first establish a route to a server using a route discovery process and then insert a description of the selected route into the Routing Information Field RIF of each token ring frame sent Network devices such as bridges and switches then use this information to make forwarding decisions for each frame received The route discovery process uses one of two broadcast techniques All Routes Explorer ARE Frames are sent out that traverse every possible route to the destination This identifies the fastest route but generates a large amount of network traffic The Ringswitch buffers an ARE frame into memory then copies it to the token ring ports The token ring ports update the frame in memory with the bridge number of the Ringswitch and number of the attached ring to reflect that the frame has been copied to the attached ring Spanning Tree Explorer STE Also known as Single Route Explorer or SRE The Spanning Tree algorithm ensures that there is only one path used between source and destination rings Even if multiple paths exist only one will be used This reduces the amount of traffic generated but it may not always select the fastest path and it does not allow for any degree of load sharing where parallel paths exist 136 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide When clients have established a route they in
61. ou eeecseeseeseesecseeeeeeceaeeeeeceecneeseesecneeaeees 195 RFC 1513 groups supported by RMON modes ou eee esecseeseesecseeeeeeceaeeeeseceecaeeacesecneeaeees 206 Enablinga mirror ports reena iin de ten A a aud en anata 212 AbboutivirtuialtliAn EA EAEE tasers see one cette Sareea tah Sana Re Eales ee uae 213 Souree routing virtual LANs acecsiecdcsin neni avatielicntacdsediyacteacateeieleawierndenli eaten 214 Transparent virtual VANS istwent antic nocd vigil a a a eaaa e 220 Token ring and Ethernet Conversion sssssssseeesssesrereseseststesrtesisrstsesssseststesstereneresreeesesent 223 Frame forinats 2 cuit ain ile nah nee RA RRT 223 Branslational Bridon sceniniai a a a e neat aneeen 229 Using the command line interface isssarssssisrisinriiisiiesisinsds desainer iniiis 233 To use the command line interface oes ssssceseeseeeceeceseseeseesecsceseesessecaseeesecsaeeaeseseeenaeaes 233 Configuring the Rings witchiisis seitsies nagana aa ii iaga 237 Showing theslotstatus nimasan oaan aana ai e e aaa e A i eaaa aka 250 Configuring P ttSisniurse aaa iah a a a a aeaa aa adaa iaai aaia daaa aa aaan aaa 251 viii Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Appendix H Features of previous software releases eeeesesseseeeceecnseseeseeecsseeaeseeseaecaeeaesesseesecneeaseneee ee 323 Features supported by Software Release 4 0 ceeessecsessseeceseeseeeceeceaeseesecsecneeseesesaeeatees 323 Features supported by Software Release 3 3 occ csese
62. password that you enter to manage the Ringswitch using the serial interface or TrueView Ringswitch Manager Command gt set bridge password lt password gt Parameter password Ringswitch password 6 8 characters Setting IP addresses If you use the Internet Protocol IP on the network define an IP address subnet mask and default gateway for the Ringswitch If your network supports it you can enable an address resolution protocol that enables the Ringswitch to acquire an IP address subnet mask and IP gateway from a RARP BOOTP or DHCP server The set bridge ip address command sets the IP address of the Ringswitch to a fixed value Command gt set bridge ip address lt ipaddress gt Parameter ipaddress IP address aaa bbb ccc ddd The set bridge subnet command sets the IP subnet mask Command gt set bridge subnet lt ipaddress gt Parameter ipaddress IP subnet mask aaa bbb ccc ddd 238 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set bridge gateway command sets the default gateway Command gt set bridge gateway lt ipaddress gt Parameter ipaddress IP gateway aaa bbb ccc ddd DHCP The subnet mask and gateway addresses will only be used if you have set the IP address of the Ringswitch If the Ringswitch acquires its IP address from a RARP BOOTP or DHCP server then it will also acquire the subnet mask and gateway addresses from here i Note The set bridge ip address command overrides anIP ad
63. port in node mode a a 0 Oa Sg 2 4 gt os 3 go 100 291 07 35 Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports Figure4 1 Connecting fiber ports in node interface mode Smart Ringswitch Fiber token ring port in node mode Smart DeskStream Fiber token ring port in node mode Wiring concentrator ANSI IEEE 802 57 compliant fiber optic token ring port Fiber LAM Lobe connector 36 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports Concentrator interface mode In concentrator interface mode the port behaves like a Lobe Attachment Module LAM port and detects the ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 signalling keys that are generated when the connected device attempts to insert Table 4 2 describes the devices you can connect to a port in concentrator mode Table 4 2 Fiber port in concentrator interface mode Attached device Connector on device Madge Smart RAM Plus UTP or Madge Access port with FTL module Smart RAM STP Workstation server Fiber optic Token Ring adapter conforming to ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 Ringswitch Any fiber token ring port in node mode Smart DeskStream Token Ring Switch Any fiber token ring port in node mode a a io T 8g 2
64. ra LEC 4 1 LEC 4 2 hS 1 2 13 _ f T zZ 2 ae ee ae 0 O Q o gt VLAN Red sete P P VLAN Blue n m Source routing It is not necessary to use multiple LECs or Spanning Tree override to transport source routed VLAN information across a network Membership of a source routed VLAN is on the basis of the ring numbers which are carried in all source routed frames 100 291 07 157 Connecting Ethernet and token ring LAN segments If you install a Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module into a Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis or a Smart Ringswitch Express you can connect token ring LAN segments with Ethernet LAN segments The Ethernet Module provides a high bandwidth solution for connecting the two different network types You can also use the Ethernet Module to allow large token ring networks to access small Ethernet segments containing printers scanners and other peripherals for which token ring interface cards are not readily available The Ethernet Module acts as a translational bridge performing frame format conversion between the two network types The nature of the conversion depends on network protocol and the bridging mode of the module For more information about frame format conversion see Appendix F Token ring and Ethernet conversion For information about using the Ethernet Module see Chapter 6 Connecting Ethernet ports or refer to the online help provided with TrueView 158 Smart Ringswitch Famil
65. ring LANE e other Ringswitches with ATM Modules Note For transparent and source route transparent bridging of LLC frames between token ring and ATM you must install a Switch 2 Module or Switch 3 Module in the Ringswitch For advice on identifying Switch Modules see Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Token ring LANE Token ring and ATM use different addressing schemes and frame formats Token ring frames are encapsulated within ATM LANE frames This process is performed by the LEC that resides in the ATM device The LEC inside the ATM Module is responsible for 1 Resolving the destination of the token ring frame to an ATM Address 2 Creating a Switched Virtual Circuit SVC between the source and destination ATM devices 3 Encapsulating the token ring frame segmenting the encapsulated frame into 53 byte cells and transmitting the ATM cells 4 Receiving ATM cells re assembling them and unencapsulating the token ring frame gt oo z 2 ic y SULINSIJUOD 100 291 07 71 Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module Ethernet LANE Ethernet and ATM use different addressing schemes and frame formats Ethernet frames are encapsulated within ATM LANE frames This process is performed by the LEC that resides in the ATM device The LEC inside the ATM Module is responsible for 1 Ww Using Translational Bridging to change the frame from token ring format to Ethernet format
66. rings defined by the user broadcast frames Frames that are addressed to multiple devices on an internetwork The Smart Ringswitch can forward broadcast frames efficiently by transmitting frames simultaneously on multiple token ring switch ports 370 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide buffering The method by which the Smart Ringswitch stores incoming data in memory before transmitting it on the output port CAU RI RO mode In CAU RI RO interface mode a fiber token ring port behaves like the Ring In or Ring Out port on a Controlled Access Unit CAU For example it enables you to connect to the Ring In or Ring Out port of a Madge Smart CAU that has a Fiber Trunk Link FTL Module installed or an IBM 8230 Token Ring CAU that has an Optical Fiber RI RO Module installed Controlled Access Unit CAU An intelligent wiring concentrator such as the Madge Smart CAU or the IBM 8230 Token Ring Network Controlled Access Unit You connect the CAU to lobe attachment modules LAMs to attach Token Ring stations collapsed backbone A single device that can replace a backbone network such as the Smart Ringswitch or a multiport bridge A collapsed backbone device supports the direct attachment of network segments which typically provides better performance than connecting segments to a backbone ring using bridges concentrator mode The mode in which a port behaves like a lobe attachment module LAM port and detects the phan
67. route bridging enabled forwarding mode Port forwarding mode Source route bridging disabled Switch 2 Module and Switch 3 Module Ringswitch forwarding mode Source route transparent bridging enabled Port forwarding mode Source route bridging disabled and transparent bridging enabled Token ring ports fora Ringswitch with Switch 1 or Switch 2 Modules Interface mode Concentrator mode port 1 4 Node mode all other ports Ring speed 16 Mbps Ring number 401 port 1 1 through 408 port 2 4 or 40C port 3 4 18 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 2 Configuring the Ringswitch Table 2 1 Factory default settings Module Setting Description Token ring ports for a Ringswitch with a Switch 3 Module Interface mode Concentrator mode right hand port of each card Node mode all other ports Ring speed 16 Mbps Ring number 401 port 1 1 through 408 port 2 4 or 40C port 3 4 411 port 4 1 to 420 port 4 16 421 port 5 1 to 430 port 5 16 431 port 6 1 to 440 port 6 16 Smart Ringswitch 4 Port HSTR Copper Module Interface mode Node mode two left hand ports of each card Concentrator mode two right hand ports of each card Ring speed 100 Mbps Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Copper Module Interface mode Node mode four left hand ports of each card Concentrator mode four right
68. see TrueView Ringswitch Manager RIP 160 RIP SAP suppression 176 RJ 45 see token ring port RMON about 189 212 agent 189 mirror port 212 modes 192 setting up the probe 192 supported MIBs 10 routers 131 Routing Information Field RIF see RIF Routing Information Indicator see RII 100 291 07 389 RS 232 see EJA TIA 232 S SDH 273 377 Segment Statistics RMON group 195 self test program 347 354 serial interface serial port pinouts 234 settings Ringswitch default settings 18 Shielded Twisted Pair see token ring port single attach stations and High Speed FDDI Module 63 Smart GroupSwitch Module 57 Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module 51 Smart Ringswitch 2 Port HSTR Fiber Module 43 Smart Ringswitch 4 Port HSTR Copper Module 43 Smart Ringswitch 4 Port TR Copper Module 23 Smart Ringswitch 4 Port TR Fiber Module 31 Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Copper Module 43 Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Fiber Module 43 Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Copper Module 23 Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Fiber Module 31 Smart Ringswitch Family see Ringswitch Smart Ringswitch TLS Module 81 SmartCAU Plus fiber token ring port 40 token ring port 26 SmartLAM token ring port 26 SmartRAM fiber token ring port 37 token ring port 26 SNMP about 378 see MIBs software about this release 12 modules in this release 14 revision history 323 334 SONET 273 378 Source Routing 136 139 definition 378 troubleshooting 358 359 Source Rout
69. self test and start up the Ringswitch When you override a self test failure the system status LED remains yellow to indicate that the Ringswitch has not passed the self test 354 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Reporting faults If a hardware error occurs depress the paddle switch to view information about which hardware you have then contact your customer service representative with the following information e the test numbers and additional information that appear on the LCD during the self test e the LEDs that are lit on each of the ports e the version numbers of the hardware and software 3 z D o fe fe ad 5 y about which modules are in which slots and the versions of code that the Ringswitch and its modules i Note You can use the command line interface the show bridge all command to display information are using For more information see Viewing information about the Ringswitch in Appendix G Using the command line interface 100 291 07 355 Troubleshooting management problems This section describes how to remedy some problems that may occur when you use TrueView Ringswitch Manager to manage the Ringswitch To get information about the Ringswitch e use TrueView Ringswitch Manager For information about using TrueView Ringswitch Manager refer to the booklet accompanying the Smart Ringswitch CD e read the port LEDs and the LCD messages for information about the stat
70. test frames Port lt slot port gt Open failed The Ringswitch failed to connect the token ring port to the ring because an unexpected problem occurred Contact your customer service representative and quote the error number Port lt slot port gt Ring status normal The token ring to which the token ring port is connected is operating normally 340 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Table 1 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel z OS o Message Description p 3 e Port lt slot port gt Closed The token ring port removed itself from the ring because a E Auto removal fault exists Check that the cable is not disconnected or i broken Port lt slot port gt Closed A management program removed a token ring port from the Remove received ring because it detected a fault Check alert event log on the management station Port lt slot port gt Closed The token ring port was removed from the ring because a Wire fault problem exists between the port and the device to which it is connected Check the cable connections Port lt slot port gt Closed The Ringswitch failed to connect the token ring port to the Signal loss ring because the port is not receiving a valid token ring signal from the ring Check that the cable is not disconnected or broken Port lt slot port gt Closed The ring to which the token ring port is connected is Beaconing beaconing Check your network connections
71. the full home page service enter the URL http www madge com Using FTP software If you do not have a web browser you can still download new or updated software by using FTP software 9 gt Q gt O o If you use FTP software 1 Connect to ftp madge com 2 The system prompts you for your login name Type ANONYMOUS 3 The system prompts you for a password Type your full email address 4 Once this is complete you can issue file transfer commands 100 291 07 365 Telephone fax and email Region Support service Support number Europe Middle East Africa Telephone 44 1753 661952 Fax 44 1753 661027 Email eurtech madge com Americas Telephone 1 800 876 2343 Fax 1 408 955 0970 Email us suprt madge com Asia Australia New Zealand Telephone 61 2 993 61 711 712 Fax 61 2 993 61 799 Email asiatech madge com Japan Telephone 81 45 825 8192 Fax 81 45 825 8072 366 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Toll free regional support numbers Country Number Country Number Americas 800 876 2343 Malaysia 1 800 80 1716 Australia 800 653 816 Netherlands 0800 022 7120 Austria 0660 8366 New Zealand 0800 445398 Belgium 0800 10485 Norway 800 11759 Canada 800 876 2343 Philippines 1 800 1611 0108 China 0800 610 0112 Portugal 0505 44 4602 Denmark 800 17649 Singapore 800 6161 459 Finland 0800 118 074 Sou
72. then the packet is passed to the higher layer software for decoding and processing If the LEC is part of an edge device then the packet is forwarded to another port on the device The maximum frame size used on LANE over Ethernet to ATM is 1516 bytes 76 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module Connecting devices to ATM ports The ATM Module can be connected to any ATM Switch whose port supports 155Mbps network speed UNI User Network Interface 3 0 or 3 1 SONET or SDH framing ILMI Integrating LANs into a high speed ATM network presents a range of possible applications For example token ring based stations existing on multiple Ringswitches can be connected across an ATM network Figure 9 6 Ringswitch A Connecting Ringswitch devices with an ATM backbone Switching via the ATM Module token ring based stations can also have access to A TM based resources such as file servers 100 291 07 77 gt g z z 2 Z D y SULINSIJUOD Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module Figure 9 7 Connecting Ringswitch devices to an ATM server ATM with token ring or Ethernet ELAN A OP ATM file server running token ring or Ethernet LAN Emulation fundamentals LAN Emulation consists of four main software processes The f
73. used on multiple ports SRT bridging is an enhanced version of the SRT bridging technique It allows the same ring number to be assigned to more than one port This means that you can segment overloaded or heavily loaded rings to improve network performance without the need to introduce additional ring numbers This type of segmentation typically involves the allocation of new ring numbers and requires a significant amount of management effort SRT eliminates this burden and makes ring segmentation easy to implement Caution Make sure no other source routing devices such as bridges and switches are connected to ports with non unique ring numbers In the example a congested user ring is shown being segmented into three smaller rings while retaining the original ring number across all three ring segments 100 291 07 143 Zz 2 aS S 23 Da N a m Figure A 6 Segmenting congested user rings with SRT bridging m Di L pe Backbone a ee LY In SRT mode the Ringswitch forwards frames that contain routing information using the source route bridging technique if the output ring number is uniquely assigned to a port If the frame contains routing information but is destined for an output ring that is not uniquely assigned the Ringswitch uses the transparent forwarding table t
74. 0000000000 00040000000 e multicast frames 178 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The Filter Domain Dialog Box In the Trueview Ringswitch Manager the Filter Domain Dialog represents ports on the Ringswitch FigureC 1 The Filter Domain Dialog Filter Domain Dialog Filter name Filter 2 Forwarding type Allframes SR ony TB only I Show matrix aaa Cancel Reset Protocol Help The rows of squares represent the rows of ports on the Ringswitch For example the top row of squares always represents the top row of ports on your Ringswitch Initially ports are colored white to indicate that they have no filter defined Figure C 1 represents a Smart Ringswitch which has a Smart Ringswitch 4 Port TR Copper Module in Slots 1 and 2 and an ATM Module in Slot 3 a D 3 5 gO 1090 01d 100 291 07 179 To define a domain select a color and color the ports you want to be in that domain The Ringswitch Manager uses color only as a representation of domains and allocates colors sequentially so may not preserve the colors you choose Domains however are preserved You may define as many domains as you need Black and white stripes indicate a single port domain If you only apply a color to a single port when you return to the Filter Domain Dialog this port appears as black and white stripes Forwarding type refers to All frames Source Route frames and Transparent Bridging frames
75. 07 11 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family About Smart Ringswitch Software Release 4 2 This user guide describes how to use a Ringswitch with Ringswitch Software Release 4 2 If you do not download the microcode software provided with Software Release 4 2 to the Ringswitch some of the features described in this manual will not be supported This section describes how to identify the boot code and run time microcode files corresponding to this software release and explains how to identify the type of Switch Module that is installed in a Ringswitch For a software revision history refer to Appendix H Features of previous software releases Features supported by Software Release 4 2 Ringswitch Software Release 4 2 supports the Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis and the Smart Ringswitch Express and introduces support for the Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module Note To identify files containing boot code and run time microcode examine the first four letters in the filename as shown in Table 1 2 The remaining characters in the filename denote the version number of the software For the most up to date information about version numbers refer to the README TXT file on the accompanying CD 12 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Upgrading Ringswitch microcode Multi Download is a feature that Madge provides in Ringswitch software Release 3 3
76. 2 Multi Download 13 NBAdd ABC filter 173 NBName ABC filter 174 Netbios ADD_NAME_QUERY retry control 173 Netbios name caching 174 Network Service Access Point 375 node interface about 254 P Packet 205 Packet Capture RMON group 205 password default string 18 erasing 124 setting 237 path cost 376 permeable virtual LAN 218 phantom drive definition 376 probe see RMON Protocol Filtering 177 deleting filters using command line 247 protocol fixups about 66 connecting devices 2554 enabling and disabling 270 connecting to token ring port 45 PSU Module connecting to token ring port 25 tn selftest 347 fiber token ring port 34 HSTR ports 45 R NSAP 271 RARP o enabling and disabling 240 i reading the LCD 98 Open Shortest Path First see OSPF OSPF 161 388 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide rebooting hard reboot 123 using boot code in ROM 127 Remote Monitoring see RMON Reset button 123 resilience for HSTR links see Fast Failover restricting user access see Protocol Filtering Reverse Address Resolution Protocol see RARP RIF 138 142 377 RII 142 ring number 376 and SRT Plus forwarding 143 default numbers 18 19 setting 259 ring speed default speed 18 19 setting 258 Ringhub token ring port 28 Ringswitch about 1 configuration 17 237 current ratings 361 default settings 18 erasing Ringswitch configuration 125 getting information 247 software 12 troubleshooting 335 356 Ringswitch Manager
77. ATM port about the ATM module 69 79 configuring 271 277 LCD messages 110 LEC 273 LEDs 91 NSAP 271 SDH 273 SONET 273 UNI signalling 272 ATM to Ethernet 72 76 beaconing 369 boot code 369 BOOTP enabling and disabling 241 BootP DHCP Relay Agent 161 Bootstrap Protocol see BOOTP bridge 370 bridge number 370 100 291 07 383 bridge priority 370 bridges 131 broadcast filtering 370 broadcast frames 370 buffering 371 c CAU definition 371 fiber token ring port 34 CAU RI RO interface about 256 fiber token ring port 39 classic interface see full duplex command line interface configuring a Ringswitch 237 configuring ports 251 entering commands 235 slot status 250 using 233 concentrator interface about 254 fiber token ring port 37 HSTR ports 45 token ring port 28 configuration configuring a Ringswitch 17 237 erasing Ringswitch configuration 125 connecting fiber token ring port 33 HSTR ports 45 token ring port 24 two Ringswitches 30 42 Copper HSTR ports see high speed token ring ports CRC 372 current ratings 361 Cut 135 cut through 135 Cyclic Redundancy Check 372 D DB 9 see token ring port default gateway setting 239 default settings 18 DHCP enabling and disabling 241 downloading code 124 DTR 254 dual attach stations and FDDI module 63 384 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide dual homing and FDDI module 63 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol see DHCP E ELAN associat
78. ATM port module Command gt create port lec lt slot port gt 9 5 Parameter slot Slot number D a port The LECs offset in the card q 100 291 07 Deleting LECs The delete port lec deletes a LEC from the ATM port module Command gt delete port lec lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port The LECs offset in the card Destroying a LEC and then creating one in the same lt slot port gt destroys the old configuration and the ELAN name is reset to default 276 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Showing the physical layer status The show card atm interface command displays the physical layer status Command Parameter Example gt show card atm interface lt slot gt slot Interface A Interface B Active Interface Sonnet SDH status ATM Status ILMI Status Signalling Status Card NSAP LECS NSAP Media Type Physical Mode Configured Signalling Version Actual Signalling Version Switch Signalling Version AAL5 Tx Discards AAL5 Rx Discards Slot number Enabled Enabled 39840F8001BC61DFO007COEDO000006FC280000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Multi Mode Fiber Sonet Auto UNI3 1 0 1 134 277 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module If you have a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module installed you can use additional commands to configure of the card Creating and deleting a Smart Ringswitch TLS Mod
79. Broadcast Unknown Server BUS If the LEC wants to send a broadcast or multicast packet it sends it to the BUS This is because an ATM network is a connection oriented network and it does not have a mechanism that provides many to many distribution Instead all multicast frames are transmitted via a single central point the BUS The BUS has already created a connection to every LEC on the network so it sends the broadcast back out to every machine Location of LANE components The ATM Module does not provide any LANE services Therefore the LES BUS and LECS processes need to reside on hosts that are easily accessed by all the LECs They may be located on the same host or different hosts and can run on any device that is attached to the ATM network which might be an ATM switch a dedicated PC workstation or server 100 291 07 79 gt oo z z 2 G y SULINBIJUOD Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module Figure 9 8 An example of LAN Emulation processes in an integrated LAN token ring environment LANE configuration server LAN emulation server Broadcast Unknown server i Note Madge recommends that LANE components are located within an ATM switch 80 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 10 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module is an optional unit which adds Third Layer IP Services to the Smart Ringswitch Plus or
80. C and virtual LANs The Ringswitch incorporates Active Broadcast Control ABC technology that enables management of broadcast traffic on the network The ABC features are simple to configure and enable you to monitor the benefits of implementing broadcast control techniques before you fully enable the features For information about ABC see Appendix B Configuring Active Broadcast Control You can also define virtual LANs to create logical workgroups that are independent of the physical layout of the network and confine broadcast traffic to a restricted number of ring segments For information about virtual LANs see Appendix E About virtual LANs 100 291 07 5 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Remote Monitoring RMON support Ringswitch Software Releases 2 0 and later include RMON agent software To use the RMON agent you must obtain a Smart Ringswitch RMON License part number 84 27 from Madge Networks For more information about RMON see Appendix D About Remote Monitoring RMON 6 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Traffic Profiling Ringswitch Software Releases 3 2 and later support Traffic Profiling This enables you to monitor a network traffic by profiling global SR frame counts global transparent frame counts per port SR 2 frame counts per port transparent frame counts port mirroring and
81. Check that the bridge number of the Ringswitch is a hexadecimal number in the range 0 through F and that there are no other devices with the same bridge number connecting the same rings Check the ring number of each token ring port and unless the Ringswitch is in Source Route Transparent Plus forwarding mode make sure each port has a different ring number If two Ringswitch devices are directly connected by their token ring ports make sure the ring number is identical for both token ring ports You can set the ring number by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager or by connecting a terminal to the serial interface and using the set port segment command 358 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Problems forwarding source route broadcast frames If there are problems forwarding source route broadcast frames 1 Check that source routing virtual LANs are configured correctly and that each Ringswitch has an up to date record of virtual LANs To check the virtual LAN configuration use TrueView Ringswitch Manager Before creating new virtual LANs make sure you delete the existing virtual LANs that are causing problems forwarding source routing frames Check that the type of station connected to each token ring port is defined correctly On IPX and Netbios networks the Ringswitch uses information about the type of station to block broadcast frames originating on workstation only rings and destined for other workstation only rings To
82. D screen will display the Ringswitch name again 98 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Reading Ringswitch Switch Module status messages Switch Module status messages provide general information about the Ringswitch To display this information press the down paddle until the LCD screen displays the name of the Ringswitch Then press the paddle up to provide more detailed information about the Ringswitch Continue pressing the paddle up to scroll through associated information The LCD displays the status messages shown in Table 11 12 Table 11 12 Ringswitch Switch Module status messages on the LCD panel D _ 9 D gt a8 ga PF oA ox Cc n Message Description Smart Ringswitch The name of the Ringswitch Switch name 23 07 96 11 34 3 00 The name and revision numbers of the Hardware Switch 113b 10 hardware and software Bridge 1 Mode SRT 4 5K Bridge 1 Mode SRT 18K The bridge number forwarding mode and Address 0000f65E0C40 Address 0000f65E0C40 base address that identify the device The addresses of ports increment from the base address The forwarding modes are Disa SR TB SRT SRT The bridge s maximum frame size modes are 4 5K and 18K IP addr 194 32 22 119 The IP address and subnet mask that identify Subnet 255 255 255 0 Bedecice 100 291 07 99 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Table 11 12 Ringswitch Switch Module st
83. Do not learn host routes Disable poison reverse algorithm Disable route holddown Disable route summarizing Disable split horizon algorithm 286 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set port leg RIPv2 authentication command sets the RIPv2 authentication type for a leg port Command gt set port leg lt slot port gt RIPv2 authentication lt simple md5 gt password lt password gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number simple Enable simple RIPv2 authentication using lt password gt as password mds Enable MD5 RIP v2 authentication using lt password gt as digest key The clear port leg RIPv2 authentication command clears any active RIPv2 authentication Command gt clear port leg lt slot port gt RIPv2 authentication Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number 100 291 07 287 oO fe 3 D 2 2 5 The add port leg RIP advertise and remove port leg RIP advertise commands control the list of IP addresses which may be advertised in RIP packets sent by a leg port Command Parameter Command Parameter gt add port leg lt slot port gt RIP advertise lt ip address gt slot Slot number port Leg port number ip address IP address of route to add to advertise route list gt remove port leg lt slot port gt RIP advertise lt ip address gt slot Slot number port Leg port number ip address IP address of route to remove from advertise route list 288
84. Host TopN group Traffic Matrix MIB object ID mib 2 16 6 The Traffic Matrix group provides information about the traffic and errors generated between pairs of stations according to the source and destination address The group consists of the Matrix Control Table the Matrix DS destination to source Table and the Matrix SD source to destination Table The matrix table determines the interface on which the information is gathered When the Ringswitch detects a new conversation it creates a new entry in both the Matrix DS Table and the Matrix SD Table The tables both contain the following statistics e Source address e Destination address e Source Dest Packets e Source Dest Octets e Source Dest Errors In accordance with RFC 1513 the error counters are never incremented for token ring networks The mode requirements are the same as those for the Host group shown in Table D 4 204 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Filters MIB object ID mib 2 16 7 The Filters group enables the user to define general conditions for the capture of network data packets NONY ynoqy Packet Capture MIB object ID mib 2 16 8 The Packet Capture group contains captured network packets which match the conditions in the Filters group The information can be used to analyze individual network packets Events MIB object ID mib 2 16 9 The Events group controls the generation and notification of events from the Ringsw
85. LANs when one or more Ringswitch devices connect a number of rings to form a large LAN e Permeable You can define permeable virtual LANs by specifying a list of ring numbers Permeable virtual LANs do not restrict the forwarding of broadcast traffic to an explicit list of the rings Define permeable virtual LANs when Ringswitch devices are installed in a large source routed network to define logical workgroups without explicitly specifying the rings that belong to each virtual LAN Impermeable source routing virtual LANs In an impermeable virtual LAN forwarding decisions are based on the ring on which the frame originated which is determined from the Routing Information Field RIF in each source routed frame This means that broadcast traffic is restricted to the explicit list of rings that belong to the virtual LAN Note Impermeable virtual LANs that span multiple Ringswitch devices must include a ring that connects the devices 216 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide In Figure E 2 two impermeable virtual LANs both include a ring that has servers attached The Marketing virtual LAN includes rings 003 101 and 203 and the Finance virtual LAN includes rings 004 101 and 203 Broadcast frames are restricted to the list of rings that belong to the virtual LAN and are not forwarded from either virtual LAN onto rings that only belong to the other For example broadcast frames originating on ring 204 are not forwarded to rin
86. LCD panel Message Description LEC lt slot port gt Open failed Join failed The LES has not admitted the LEC to the ELAN This can happen on a closed ELAN one that has been configured to exclude the client LEC lt slot port gt Open failed Can t find BUS An Address Resolution Protocol ARP request by the LEC for the ATM address of the BUS has failed LEC lt slot port gt Open failed BUS connect failed The LEC has failed to connect to the BUS LEC lt slot port gt Open failed No VC from BUS The BUS has failed to set up a VC back to the LEC LEC lt slot port gt Open failed Second LEC on ELAN An attempt was made by a second LEC on the ATM card to join an ELAN that another LEC on the ATM card is already a member of No two LECs on the same ATM card can be configured to join the same ELAN LEC lt slot port gt Open failed LES VC dropped The VC from the LES has been dropped LEC lt slot port gt Open failed BUS VC dropped The VC from the BUS has been dropped 100 291 07 345 3 Cc D o fe fe ad y Table 1 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel Message Description LEC lt slot port gt Open failed Rejoined wrong ELAN The LEC has unexpectedly left the ELAN The LEC has then attempted to rejoin the ELAN using the previously successful configuration and has been successful However it has joined a different ELAN d
87. Leg Multicast Send over broadcast MAC address Smart Ringswitch 2 Duplex mode Automatic Port Ethernet Module Ring speed Automatic 100 291 07 21 D 5 go 0 TF 2 gt y SULNBYUOD Chapter 2 Configuring the Ringswitch 22 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports There are two Madge copper token ring port modules e Smart Ringswitch 4 Port TR Copper Module e Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Copper Module This chapter explains how to configure a token ring port module to connect the Ringswitch to wiring concentrators lobe stations and other Ringswitch devices A token ring port module is an optional unit that you can use to extend the functionality of the Ringswitch or replace an existing port module A token ring port module has either four or eight token ring ports each with an RJ 45 connector for copper UTP cabling and a DB 9 connector for copper STP cabling that you can connect to a wiring concentrator lobe station or another Ringswitch You can connect token ring ports to the following e atoken ring port on another Ringswitch e a Madge SmartCAU e aMadge Smart RAM STP or Smart RAM Plus UTP e an active or passive Lobe Attachment Module LAM such as the Madge Smart LAM STP or Smart LAM Plus UTP e a Multistation Access Unit MAU with UTP or STP connectors or a wiring concentrator with one or more connectors that support the direct attachment of to
88. Module via the destination internal leg port to the bridging function 5 From the bridging function via a physical port to the token ring network Figure 10 1 shows the path of an IP frame through a Ringswitch as a logical network entity Figure 10 1 Path of an IP frame through a Ringswitch Logical ponen IP routing gt Smart Ringswitch Ringswitch iw O E TLS Module L Bridging function of Ringswitch Tosan Physical port aA network network DaS Leg port e 82 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 10 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module IP subnet configuration The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module supports the connection of the Ringswitch to up to sixteen IP subnets For each IP subnet to be supported you must configure a leg port a virtual port in the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module with the IP subnet information and a list of physical ports that belong to this IP subnet The IP subnet group is used to limit the bridging of IP control traffic for example ARP RIP OSPF only to other ports within the IP subnet group The additional filtering mechanisms supported by the Ringswitch for example VLAN and ABC filtering work independently of this IP subnet group control mechanism and are supported by the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module To configure the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module you use either TrueView Ringswitch Manager or the command lin
89. N configuration does not contain any loops In a network with more than two Transparent VLANs extra inter switch links could be used all configured to be slaved to Port 2 1 The slave to port option provides some protection against the accidental creation of a loop For example the following diagram shows an illegal configuration of our example network where another switch has been installed between the Red LANs on each Port 1 1 of the two switches 154 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Figure A 12 An illegal configuration N A i g Ringswitch 1 S GE fe E i Shai amp CEI T e o mt Gt l l GO Gm E cme Cm Comet Cm C Comm Comm c Die e i Ringswitch 3 Ringswitch 2 5 l d j x if a VLAN Red Ke Pa VLAN Blue The normal Spanning Tree operation would ensure that the potential forwarding loop was removed If this caused Port 2 1 on either switch to go into Blocking state connectivity would also be lost for the Blue VLAN since the Blue VLAN s link ports follow the state of the Red VLAN s link ports
90. P frames from any source that is not present in the RIP neighbor list If the RIP neighbor list is empty and you clear this flag no RIP routes will be learned 100 291 07 299 C o 3 3 D gt 2 5 Configuring Smart Ringswitch TLS Module OSPF operation In addition to the leg port specific OSPF configuration there are card specific OPPF configuration commands Note These commands store the state of the OSPF protocol but will not take effect until you re boot the Ringswitch Use the set card tls OSPF router id command to globally configure the OSPF protocol on the TLS module In this command enter the flags as a comma separated list If you do not want to use any flags enter lt gt to denote an empty list Command gt set card tls lt slot gt OSPF router id lt router id gt flags lt abs tos rrr rsr gt Parameter slot Slot number router id The OSPF router id in dot notation for example 16 0 0 1 abs Indicates that this is an Autonomous System Border router tos Indicates that the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module will do OSPF type of service routing rrr Causes the TLS module to redistribute RIP routes in OSPF routing announcements rsr Causes the TLS module to redistribute static routes in OSPF routing announcements 300 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The add card tls OSPF area id and remove card tls OSPF area id commands are used to configure the OSPF areas to which the S
91. PArp Stations using the Internet Protocol IP use Address Resolution Protocol ARP frames to locate other stations on the network If an IP station wants to communicate with another IP station it must first find the MAC address of the other station by sending out an ARP broadcast frame containing the IP address of the station it wants to communicate with When the sender has resolved the MAC address for an IP address it can send frames to it 100 291 07 171 The Ringswitch monitors network traffic and builds a list of known addresses by reading the IP address of the destination device that is present in frames In a source routing environment the list maps IP addresses to ports In a transparent bridging environment the list maps IP addresses to MAC addresses This provides the Ringswitch with the location of IP devices Therefore when the Ringswitch receives an ARP frame it can forward it directly to the port where the destination device is located If the Ringswitch does not receive an ARP frame for an address that it has learned within a specified period the address is removed from the list of known addresses Note Ifan IP station has multiple adapter cards for a single IP address and they are connected to different token rings ARP address caching may cause all traffic to be routed to one of the adapter cards In source routed environments ARP address caching works best if all IP stations use the same type of explore
92. Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Enable 2 Disable 312 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Setting the Ethernet port IP Multicast mode The set Ethernet port IP multicast mode command specifies the type of MAC address to be used for all IP multicast frames received on Ethernet which will be forwarded onto token ring Command gt set Ethernet port IP multicast mode lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 2 3 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Broadcast 2 Functional 3 Group Setting the Ethernet port VLAN tagging mode The set Ethernet port VLAN tagging mode command enables or disables the 802 1p priority tagging of frames onto Ethernet Command gt set Ethernet port VLAN tagging mode lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 2 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Enable 2 Disable 100 291 07 313 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 Setting the Ethernet port VLAN identity The set Ethernet port VLAN ID command sets the Ethernet port VLAN identity For this command to take effect you must have already enabled VLAN 802 1p priority tagging on the selected port Command gt set Ethernet port VLAN ID lt slot gt lt port gt lt number gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number number VLAN ID Setting the Ethernet Spanning Tree encapsulation mode The set Ethernet port STP encapsulation mode command enables or disables the process of encapsulating BPDUs from Ethern
93. Protocol Filtering on the Ringswitch Protocol Filtering is supported by Software Release 3 2 and later Protocol Filtering restricts broadcast traffic to domains you have defined on the Ringswitch To understand Protocol Filtering on the Ringswitch we need to define certain terms Domains Domains are groups of ports on the Ringswitch that group users together To differentiate between them in the Trueview Ringswitch Manager domains are given a color Frames that match the Protocol Filter defined below will only be forwarded to ports within the same domain as the originating port A domain cannot be applied across multiple Ringswitches Protocol Filters A Protocol Filter is a template that incoming broadcast frames are compared against For ease of use the Ringswitch Manager provides pre defined values for the most common protocols for example IPX NETBIOS SNAP IP IPX ARP RPL request RPL find and Banyan Vines but you can enter any value not listed by the Ringswitch Manager a D f 3 gO 1090 01d 100 291 07 177 The Protocol Filters on the Ringswitch will only operate on broadcast traffic Specifically addressed frames will be ignored Broadcast traffic which the filter will act upon are e frames which contain All Routes Explorer or Spanning Tree Explorer information in the Routing Information Field e frames addressed to FFFFFFFFFFFF e frames addressed to a functional address i e an address in the range C0
94. RECOGNISED frame within a period of time it removes the name from the cache so that successive NAME_QUERY frames will be broadcast across the network Note If you have multiple adapter cards in a single Netbios server and they are connected to different token rings Netbios name caching may cause all traffic to be routed to one of the adapter cards Note Netbios name caching requires the Netbios clients to be able to issue NAME_QUERY retries Most Netbios clients issue retries i ie 2 gO Z a gO gt W oO gt OQ o gt 100 291 07 175 IPX RIP SAP suppression IPXRip Novell NetWare servers make extensive use of broadcast frames as they frequently send out Service Advertising Protocol SAP frames to locate other servers Routers that support Novell NetWare also use broadcast frames as they frequently send out Routing Information Protocol RIP frames to inform other routers about the network topology Certain broadcast RIP and SAP frames only need to be sent to rings that have either servers or routers attached IPX RIP SAP suppression enables the Ringswitch to suppress RIP frames sent out by routers that support Novell NetWare and SAP frames sent out by Novell NetWare servers on ports that do not have an IPX router or server attached The default RIP SAP suppression setting is disabled If IPX RIP SAP suppression is enabled the Ringswitch automatically learns which rings cont
95. RP virtual router 100 291 07 297 Configuring Smart Ringswitch TLS Module RIP operation In addition to the leg port specific RIP configuration there are additional card specific RIP configuration commands The add card tls RIP neighbor and remove card tls RIP neighbor commands configure the RIP neighbor list Depending on the setting of the ignore neighbor flag see set card tls RIP flags command below this list controls from whom the TLS module accepts RIP updates Command gt add card tls lt slot gt RIP neighbor lt ip address gt Parameter slot Slot number ip address IP address in dot notation to add to RIP neighbor list Command gt remove card tls lt slot gt RIP neighbor lt ip address gt Parameter slot Slot number ip address IP address in dot notation to remove from RIP neighbor list 298 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set card tls RIP flags and clear card tls RIP flags commands configure the global RIP algorithm In these commands enter the flags as a comma separated list Command Parameter Command Parameter gt set card tls lt slot gt RIP flags lt in gt slot in Slot number Set the ignore neighbor list flag This causes the router to accept RIP frames from all sources ignoring the RIP neighbor list gt clear card tls lt slot gt RIP flags lt in gt slot in Slot number Clear the ignore neighbor list flag This causes the router to ignore RI
96. Re egies ahah ha eat 145 Overriding the Spanning Tree Protocolo esesseseceecrseseeseceecaeeseeseeaeeaeeeesaesaeeceseesaeaeeseees 151 Mirltiple bE CS nan iain Sas at cae eh ae Baath AD Ae a GAG trae eect ait 156 Connecting Ethernet and token ring LAN segments 0 0 ceseeeesecreeseeseeseeeeeeeeeceseeeneeenees 158 hird Bayer Servies Avis Gite anea askance tue E Aaa an 159 Appendix B Configuring Active Broadcast Control ceececssereesecescceseeseeseeaeeeeesesaeseeseceaeseeseeseeaeeaeeaeea 163 About broad ast framesiiiieiciccianninnvanudiae diwali nina anda 163 Active Broadcast Control techniques cicceecssesesessecrseseesessecaseseesesaeeaeeecsecaaeeesecneeaeeaeeaeeass 165 Appendix C Protocol Filtenn itis aiahe tai tande de idiadiauch iia a r taht Ratatat 177 About Protocol Filtering eoe nioan aE E AA eh A anette E TEA 177 Protocol Filtering on the Ringswitch s sssseessesreeeseseresrssereresesesrsresetentntsrereersesentsesserestse 177 Configuring Protocol Filtering sristi nnn o aiae ana aiaa aa aaa Area aa EEan eiae aa t 188 100 291 07 vii Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G About Remote Monitoring RMON cccscesceeseesseeeeseeseceeceseeeceseseeceseeeeeeaeeaeeeaeeaeeeaeenaeeas 189 Ringswitch RMON supports od c die Guline sinned aid add endtmcmaeninad 190 Setting up the RMON probe ee essecsseseesesseceeeseeseaeeeeecsecueeseesecnesaeeeeaesaeeeesesnaeaaeseees 192 RFC 1757 groups supported by RMON modes
97. Ringswitch Express This Option Module enables IP traffic to be routed between subnets without the need of a router thus reducing unnecessary traffic across the network This Option Module also provides services such as enhanced ABC IP frame filtering with support for RIP OSPF VRRP BootP DHCP Relay Agent and VLANS It enables the forwarding of frames using IP addresses rather than Level 2 addresses which are used by bridging Smart Ringswitch TLS Module The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module does not have physical ports Instead it allows you to create and connect up to sixteen IP subnets to the Ringswitch The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module communicates with the bridging function of the Ringswitch via internal leg ports sometimes known as virtual ports The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module supports the following bridging techniques to its leg ports e Source Route Bridging e Transparent Bridging e Source Route Transparent Bridging o m e fe a 100 291 07 81 Chapter 10 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module With a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module in your Ringswitch the path of an IP frame will be as follows 1 From the token ring network via a physical port into the bridging function of the Ringswitch 2 From the bridging function via an internal leg port into the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module 3 The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module routes the frame to the destination internal leg port 4 From the Smart Ringswitch TLS
98. S R Port Hop Count S R Port Spanning Tree Path Cost LEG Port Name LEG Port State LEG Port IP Address LEG Port IP Mask LEG Port IP MTU LEG Port IP Multicast over LEG Port RIP Receive Type LEG Port RIP Send Type LEG Port RIP Flags LEG Port RIPv2 Authentication LEG Port OSPF Area Id LEG Port Subnet Group Enabled SRT mode 431 Forced 7 0 3ls2 sn4 Opened 194 129 143 154 255 255 255 224 4428 Broadcast riptorrip2 rip1 ad ah as ld lh sh None 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 100 291 07 319 C e 3 3 D gt 2 5 The show port status command displays whether the port is enabled or disabled the MAC address of the port the source routing status of the port and the transparent bridging status of the port To find out the whether the port interface source routing and transparent bridging are enabled or disabled by the administrator use the show port characteristics command Command gt show port status lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number Example Bridge Port Number 1 Interface Actual Status Enabled Interface Active MAC Address OOOOF65E10C1 S R Port Actual Status Disabled S R Port Spanning Tree Broadcast Enabled S R Port Designated Bridge 00006F7A0803 T B Port Actual Status Enabled 320 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The show port counters command displays the number of frames and bytes that the Ringswitch receives transmit
99. Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Smart Ringswitch Software Release 4 2 100 291 07 Before you start About this guide Conventions This guide describes how to use Madge Networks Smart Ringswitch Plus and Smart Ringswitch Express with Ringswitch Software Release 4 2 Note that Software Release 4 2 does not support the Smart Ringswitch Throughout this guide the term Ringswitch is used to refer to any Madge Ringswitch model Associated guides Audience Safety The guide This guide tells you how to configure a Ringswitch For information about installing a Ringswitch and its associated modules refer to Getting Started Smart Ringswitch Family part number 100 315 This guide is for network administrators It assumes you are familiar with e token ring networking e the principles of LAN bridging and token ring switching for more information see Appendix A Network design issues e IP routing if you are using the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module To make sure you do not injure yourself or damage your Madge product read Madge Networks Safety Guidelines part number 102 002 before installing the product Neither Madge Networks Limited or its affiliated companies together collectively Madge make any warranties about the information in this user guide Under no circumstances shall Madge be liable for costs of procurement of substitute products or services lost profits lost savings loss of information or
100. UOD 100 291 07 69 Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module A bridging port is a channel which the Ringswitch forwards data to or from A physical interface is the Ringswitch s connection to a particular physical network There may be more than one bridge port per physical interface For example each ATM module consists of a single physical interface but may connect to a number of different emulated LANs each of which will have its own bridging port on the switch Each ATM Module can support up to sixteen LECs each of which provides a bridging port to interface with the ATM network SC connections The ATM Module has dual fiber SC connectors that connect the Ringswitch to the media The connections support MMF and SMF options Figure9 1 Dual SC connectors SA OT ORAE a Sar aay Pa PRE Miao Piria Forel 70 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module Token ring to ATM bridging The ATM Module is an ATM edge device running LAN Emulation LANE that switches token ring encapsulated frames to and from the ATM network The ATM module can communicate with other ATM devices running LANE It supports source routing transparent bridging and source route transparent bridging between itself and e ATM endstations running token ring LANE e ATM endstations running Ethernet LANE e other edge devices running Ethernet LANE e other edge devices running token
101. User Guide Fault disabled The state in which a port isolates nodes forward delay A Spanning Tree parameter that determines the frequency with which a port changes its forwarding status when moving towards the forwarding state The value determines how long each port remains in the Listening and Learning states which precede the Forwarding state hello time Determines the frequency with which a bridge sends Configuration bridge PDUs when it is the root of the spanning tree or trying to become the root measured in hundredths of a second hop count The total number of bridge hops an All Routes Explorer ARE frame can make If a frame that has exceeded its hop count is passed to the Smart Ringswitch the frame is not forwarded hop count exceeded discards If the Ringswitch receives an All Routes Explorer ARE frame which has already gone across a number of bridges and the hop count on the receiving port is equal to or less than the number of bridges the Ringswitch increments the hop count exceeded counter for that port impermeable virtual source routing LAN An explicit list of the rings that belong to the virtual LAN Define impermeable virtual LANs when one or more Ringswitch devices connect a number of token rings to form a large source routed LAN internetwork Two or more LANs connected by one or more switches routers or bridges 100 291 07 373 IP address A 32 bit integer address that is used in
102. a fault exists in the switch module If the Ringswitch fails test number 110 a fault may exist in the switch module Contact your customer service representative see the section Reporting faults 2 Check the LCD panel and the port LEDs If the Ringswitch failed between tests 121 and 126 inclusive the LCD indicates the first token ring port that failed The ports that failed the self test are shown by red LEDs You may continue using the Ringswitch by overriding the self test failure as described in this section Do not use a token ring port if the port LED is lit red during the test 3 Check that all the upper LEDs on token ring ports are flashing yellow during test 121 During test 121 the upper LEDs on each token ring port flash in yellow If any LEDs are not lit at all there is a fault in one of the port modules This also prevents the program from lighting the port LEDs in red to indicate that they failed the self test You may continue using the Ringswitch by overriding the self test failure as described in this section Do not use a token ring port if the upper LED does not flash yellow during test 121 Overriding a self test failure You can override a self test failure to continue using the Ringswitch until a replacement is available To override a self test failure use either of the following methods e press the paddle switch downwards to ignore the failure and proceed to the next test e press the paddle switch upwards to abort the
103. able interface 2 3 will enable port number three in slot two as shown in the following diagram C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 251 Figure G 2 OQ Smart Ringswiteh a U Eg oi Fa 19 ol ie lt _ P JD Mey A pa 4 Oef Configured port Identifying ports for use with the serial management interface Module slot 1 Module slot 2 Module slot 3 On ATM modules the bridge port numbers correspond to a particular LAN Emulation Client LEC on that module For more information see Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module On a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module the bridge port numbers correspond to a particular leg port on that module For more information see Chapter 10 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module 252 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Enabling and disabling the interface The enable interface command enables the physical interface Command gt enable interface lt slot interface gt Parameter slot Slot number interface Physical interface number The disable interface command disables the physical interface Command gt disable interface lt slot interface gt Parameter slot Slot number interface Physical interface number oO fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 253 Configuri
104. ace modes for token ring ports Interface mode Description Automatic The port behaves like a LAM port and determines whether to operate in Concentrator classic or full duplex mode by communicating with the connected device CAU RI RO The CAU RI RO port interface mode only applies to fiber token ring ports In CAU RI RO interface mode the port behaves like the Ring In RI or Ring Out RO port on a Controlled Access Unit CAU For example it enables you to connect to the RI or RO port of a Madge Smart CAU Plus which has a Fiber Trunk Link Smart CAU FTL Module installed Note If you have a GroupSwitch you can only use Automatic concentrator conc Classic half duplex concentrator classic conc and Full duplex concentrator dtr conc port interface modes If you use the GroupSwitch as a 5 port hub use classic conc When you set the port interface mode the port closes and re opens i Note Ifyou have an HSTR Module you must set it to either Full duplex node or Full duplex concentrator mode Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set port ifmode command sets the port interface mode for a port Command gt set port ifmode lt slot port gt lt mode gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number mode Port interface mode node Automatic node conc Automatic concentrator classic node Classic half duplex node classic conc Classic half duplex concentrator dtr node Full duple
105. adapter and generates a phantom drive signal to insert into the device that is connected Use node mode to connect token ring ports as shown in Figure 3 1 Table 3 1 describes the devices you can connect to a port in node mode 100 291 07 25 Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports Table 3 1 Copper token ring port in node interface mode Attached device Connector on device SmartCAU Plus or SmartRAM Token ring signal connector UTP or STP LAM Node port Madge SmartLAM or Madge SmartLAM Node port Plus UTP or STP MAU or other Node port token ring wiring concentrator Note When you connect a LAM to the Ringswitch connect the LAM to a Controlled Access Unit CAU If the LAM has LAM management cables connect the LAM management cables to the CAU i Note The recommended method for attaching the Smart RAM STP or Smart RAM Plus UTP is to connect a token ring port in concentrator mode to the access port on the rear of the device 26 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports Figure 3 1 Connecting devices to token ring ports in node mode Smart Ringswitch Token Ring switch port in node mode SmartGAU Plus Token Ring signal SmartRAM connector Node port Lobe Attachment Module LAM Node port
106. ain servers and routers that need to receive RIP and SAP frames and only forwards RIP and SAP frames to those rings IPX RIP SAP suppression ensures that rings that have only IPX workstations attached do not become unnecessarily congested with broadcast frames IPX Type 20 filtering IPX20 Type 20 frames are the equivalent of All Routes Explorer ARE frames except that they are used on IPX networks where they primarily enable Netbios over IPX Besides the standard IPX header a Type 20 frame can contain up to eight IPX network numbers The frames are forwarded throughout the network by IPX routers When forwarding a frame if a router has a port on a network that does not appear in the frame it modifies the header and forwards the frame to that port IPX Type 20 filtering helps reduce the number of Type 20 frames and prevents broadcast storms When you enable IPX Type 20 filtering the Ringswitch compares each Type 20 frame it receives with historical information about the frames it has already forwarded If the new frame has a different network number ora shorter hop count or has the same hop count and was received on the same port from the same router then it is forwarded Otherwise the frame is discarded 176 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Appendix C Protocol Filtering About Protocol Filtering Protocol Filtering enables you to e reduce broadcast traffic e restrict access to certain areas of your network
107. ame set of features as the existing code Otherwise the operation may make the Ringswitch or certain ports inoperable 124 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 12 Using the Ringswitch Reset button Before downloading new code check the version that is running on the device by reading the LCD panel or by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager To download code to the Ringswitch 1 Press and hold the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to start normal boot 2 Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message uopnq 2S 4 Release reset now to erase mgmt password 3 Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to load new microcode 4 Release the Reset button The Ringswitch waits for new microcode to be downloaded Erasing the stored configuration You can restore the configuration of the Ringswitch including the management password to the factory default settings For more information on factory default settings Preparing to use TrueView Ringswitch Device Manager 100 291 07 125 Chapter 12 Using the Ringswitch Reset button Vv Caution Ifthe Ringswitch is operating on the network this may cause some connections including the management connection to be lost To erase the configuration of the Ringswitch 1 Press and hold the Reset butt
108. an use to manage the Ringswitch gt quit Ends the serial management session 236 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring the Ringswitch When you set up the Ringswitch for the first time set the name that identifies the device and change the management password to restrict management access Depending on the architecture of your network you may need to assign an IP address to the device or enable the RARP BOOTP or DHCP protocols that permit the Ringswitch to obtain its IP addresses from a server Setting the Ringswitch name and management password The Ringswitch name identifies the switch on the network and enables you to identify switches easily in TrueView Ringswitch Manager Use TrueView Ringswitch Manager to enter text strings to record other comments such as the location of the Ringswitch to facilitate maintenance and troubleshooting The set bridge name command sets the unique name that identifies the Ringswitch on the network Command gt set bridge name lt name gt Parameter name Ringswitch name 1 16 characters The Ringswitch password is implemented in the SNMP community string and provides a simple means of restricting management access to the switch e fe 3 3 D SD ror 5 Note For security reasons always change the password from the default setting when you set up the switch for the first time 100 291 07 237 The set bridge password command sets the
109. anager For each port you can define the type of frames that are passed to the RMON probe for inclusion in the RMON groups that you define for the switch This enables you to selectively enable RMON for the types of frames you want to monitor which reduces the number of frames that need to be processed by the RMON probe Note Enable RMON on ports that are in classic half duplex mode Enabling RMON on full duplex ports results in the logging of incomplete data You can access the RMON groups using TrueView Ring Manager which 1s a token ring network management system or a third party RMON management application Ringswitch RMON support The Ringswitch software contains an RMON probe that is controlled by industry standard SNMP MIBs The RMON groups are defined in RFC 1757 Remote Network Monitoring MIB The Ringswitch also supports the additional information specified in RFC 1513 Token Ring Extensions to the Remote Network Monitoring MIB 190 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The extensions are 1 Token ring MAC layer statistics table MLStats and MLStats history table are added to the segment statistics group This table collects the MAC octets MAC packets ring purge events ring purge packets beacon event beacon time beacon packets claim token events claim token packets NAUN changes NONY ynoqy isolating errors line errors internal errors burst errors AC errors and abort errors non
110. at frame the OUI and TYPE fields indicate the higher level protocol If the OUI field is all zeroes then the TYPE field is an Ethertype value For example the type might be 0800 for an IP frame 0806 for an ARP frame 8035 for an RARP frame or 8137 for an IPX frame 802 3 raw IPX frames are a special case where the length field is immediately followed by an IPX header which starts with two bytes of FF to distinguish it from an 802 2 frame 100 291 07 227 DATA The Data area fills the rest of an Ethernet frame The maximum size of the entire frame must not be more than 1514 bytes PAD The minimum size of an Ethernet frame is 60 bytes If the headers and data are smaller than this then the Translational Bridge adds a Pad field to ensure the minimum frame size Canonical and non canonical MAC addresses The MAC addresses in Ethernet and token ring frames are stored in opposite bit ordering The format in Ethernet is called canonical and in token ring it is called non canonical Part of the translational bridging process involves converting between these two formats by bit reversing each byte A MAC address consists of six bytes each of which has two hex digits To convert from canonical to non canonical format or vice versa take each byte in turn convert the two digits according to the table below and then swap them around For example 00 80 5F E4 15 3C becomes 00 01 FA 27 A8 3C using the table below Table F 1 Table of fix up value
111. at you can use to extend the functionality of the Ringswitch or to replace existing port modules Fiber token ring port modules meet ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 published within ISO IEC 8802 5 1998 Amd 1 1998 and are compatible with the trunk signaling recommendations described in Annex 13 B Fiber token ring port modules have either four or eight fiber token ring ports Each fiber token ring port has two female ST optical connectors that you can connect to a wiring concentrator lobe stations Smart DeskStream or another Ringswitch a a 0 Oa gg 2 4 gt os 3 go 100 291 07 31 Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports You can connect a fiber token ring port to the following a fiber token ring port on another Ringswitch a Madge Smart CAU Plus with FTL module a Madge Smart RAM Plus or Madge Smart RAM Plus UTP with FTL module a Fiber LAM for example a Raylan LAM an IBM 8230 token ring CAU or other wiring concentrator conforming to ANSI IEEE 802 5 1997 a workstation server with fiber optic token ring adapter Smart DeskStream Token Ring Switch with 16 4 TR Fiber Module You cannot connect a fiber token ring port to an HSTR port Selecting the port interface mode The port interface mode affects how the port behaves and determines the devices you can connect to the port Each fiber token ring port can act in node concentrator or CAU RI RO port interface mode For information about the port interface
112. ate for the Ringswitch and the specified snoop address if the station is local Ring Station Order Table The Ring Station Order Table consists of a list of MAC addresses of stations in the ring poll ordered by their ring order This table is generated automatically once a Ring Station Control Table has been enabled The group requires that AMP and SMP frames which are both sent to the broadcast functional address are processed by the Ringswitch The Ring Station Control Table is fully supported by each of the RMON modes and all counters are accurate 100 291 07 209 Ring Station Config Control Table The Ring Station Config Control Table allows active management of stations by the Ringswitch RMON probe This enables the station to be removed via a Remove Station MAC frame and the statistics for the station can be updated via Report Station Address and Report Station State MAC frames The Ring Station Config Control Table is generated automatically when a Ring Station Control Table is generated Entries in this table correspond to entries in the Ring Station Table and are generated automatically as stations are discovered The Ring Station Config Control Table is fully supported by each of the RMON modes and all counters are accurate Ring Station Config Table The Ring Station Config Table is generated after a successful UpdateStats write has been performed on the Ring Station Config Control Table The configurati
113. atus messages on the LCD panel Description Message Searching Download status Loading Success Failure No downloads attempted XXXX code y complete The Download status message can be one of four possibilities Searching means the Ringswitch is searching for files Loading means it is loading code Success means it has finished loading code Failure means there was a problem with the last download see the TrueView status message for more information The second line of this message either indicates that the Ringswitch has not attempted a download since it was last re booted or that the Ringswitch is loading code where XXXxX is replaced by Micro Boot ATM or New New means that the download has just started and has not been recognized yet Note that if you are using Multi Download XXXX is replaced by the release number Frames Rx 10 260 Frames Tx 10 260 The number of frames that the Ringswitch has received and transmitted Frames Sec 5 Bytes Sec 101 The number of frames per second and bytes per second that the Ringswitch is forwarding 100 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators LCD status messages for token ring ports Token ring port messages provide detailed information about each of the ports within a token ring or GroupSwitch module To display this information press the paddle down until the LCD screen displays the name of t
114. bout 213 extending 153 impermeable 216 permeable 218 Source Routing 214 Transparent 220 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol 161 VRRP 161 Ww workstation ring filtering 167 392 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide
115. cations in large networks the Ringswitch uses forwarding tables that support very large numbers of MAC addresses When the forwarding table is full the Ringswitch starts to overwrite the entries at the beginning of the table with each new source address that it has not previously encountered Eventually the forwarding table contains the addresses that make most frequent use of the LANs that the Ringswitch connects The Ringswitch performs learning automatically when it starts up It does not reach optimum forwarding performance until it has read most of the possible frame addresses that appear on the network 140 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Figure A 5 Transparent Bridging Ringswitch p T MMM M M M Cm Cm comm comm cm M T a Df 0 MAC address XK 0000F65E1021_ N hy OOOOF63E1BAE Na Addresses for port 1 eee eats 9000F63D000a in transparent oone6178CC8 ee eld Addresses for port 2 forwarding table 0000F6331DFD in transparent l ee j 0000F 6208731 forwarding table 0000F631C3AD 0000F63A99BA 8 Wee a 0000F62CAE25 Zz 0 amp aS nO S o gt Ma no a ga MAC address 0000F63A99BA When the Ringswitch has learned about the network it monitors the destination address of each frame and compares it with t
116. ce and placed in the Host Table and Host Time Table For each host the following statistics are collected e in packets e out packets e inoctets e out octets e out errors e out broadcast packets e out multicast packets Note The hostOutPkts and host OutOctets counters are not incremented for packets with errors 100 291 07 Error counters are incremented by token ring isolating errors as shown in Table D 1 Table D 3 Token Ring isolating error counters incremented by the Host group Isolating error Error counters incremented LineErrors Increment the error counter for the station reporting the error and its Nearest Active Upstream Neighbour NAUN BurstErrors ACErrors Increment the error counter for the NAUN of the station reporting the error InternalErrors Increment the counter for the station reporting the error AbortErrors For each host entry CongestionErrors are also incremented for the host entry of the station that reports the error in an error report frame 202 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Support for the Host group provided by each mode is shown in Table D 4 Table D4 Mode requirements of the Host group RMON mode Support All Frames Fully supports the Host group tables All counters provide accurate data MAC Frames Only The host list is recorded from stations that have sent MAC frames to stations with specified MAC addre
117. ce state source routing parameters Spanning Tree parameters and the frames that the port receives transmits and discards The show port characteristics command displays information about whether the port is enabled or disabled by the administrator the interface mode and ring speed of the port whether source routing is enabled or disabled by the administrator and the source routing configuration of the port The show port characteristics command displays the following information about a token ring module port Command gt show port characteristics lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 316 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The show port characteristics command displays the following information about a FDDI Module port The command also displays additional information about whether the protocol fixup status is enabled or disabled as shown in the following table Command gt show port characteristics lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number Example Interface Admin Status Enabled Port Forwarding Mode SRT Mode S R Port Segment Number 409 S R Port Spanning Tree Mode Automatic S R Port Hop Count 7 S R Port Spanning Tree Path Cost 100 Protocol Fixup Status Disabled If the port being displayed is an ATM port then the command displays the name of the Emulated LAN ELAN the LEC wishes to join or is a member of the ring number of the ELAN if source routing
118. check the station type for each token ring port use TrueView Ringswitch Manager Check the Active Broadcast Control ABC filters Try flushing the filter caches to check whether an improperly set timeout value is affected the forwarding of frames Check whether disabling the filters removes the problem Problems forwarding transparent bridged frames If there are problems forwarding transparent bridged frames 1 2 Check that Transparent bridging is enabled for the Ringswitch and ports Check the Active Broadcast Control ABC filters Try flushing the filter caches to check whether an improperly set timeout value is affecting the forwarding of frames Check whether disabling the filters removes the problem Make sure you have removed Source Routing drivers from appropriate protocol stacks for example you might want source routing on IP but not on IPX workstations and servers Check you transparent VLANs For more information see Appendix E About virtual LANs 100 291 07 359 3 E z D Q gt 5 a 360 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Appendix J Current ratings Use the information in this section to ensure that the sum of the current ratings for the modules you install does not exceed the maximum permissible rating for your Smart Ringswitch Ringswitch chassis current rating i 3 3 D oo lt gO 2 The following table displays the current ratings for th
119. ched device see the section Connecting devices in Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports 2 Make sure the port ring speed 4 16 or 100 Mbps is correct for the ring that is connected to the port You can change the ring speed by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager or by connecting a terminal to the serial interface and using the set port ifspeed command 3 Make sure the interface mode node or concentrator of the token ring port is appropriate for the attached device You can change the port interface mode by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager or by connecting a terminal to the serial interface and using the set port ifmode command 100 291 07 357 Problems forwarding source routed frames If there are problems forwarding source routed frames 1 w Check that source routing is enabled for the Ringswitch and for the appropriate port You can enable or disable source routing for the Ringswitch and each port by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager or connecting a terminal to the serial interface and using the set bridge forwarding and set port forwarding commands For more information see Appendix G Using the command line interface If the Ringswitch is in Source Route Transparent Plus mode check that the forwarding mode is set correctly and that Source Routing and Transparent bridging are enabled for all ports that share a ring number Make sure you have enabled Source Routing drivers on workstations and servers
120. clude the information that defines the route in each packet that they send The Ringswitch uses the source routing information that defines the ring to which the packet is to be passed to forward packets with minimal processing Figure A 3 shows how source routing broadcast packets contain information that identifies the ring on which the packet originates Therefore switching by source routing also facilitates port blocking and broadcast filtering which allows you to implement broadcast control strategies and configure virtual LANs that span multiple Ringswitch devices Figure A 3 Routing Information Field RIF in source routed frame Token ring frame SDEL AC FC DA SA RIF DATA FCS EDEL FS Routing information field Control 001 A 002 B 003 a Ring Bridge Ring Bridge Ring Control field Frame type Bridge 100 291 07 137 Zz 0 amp aS nO S o gt Ma no a ga An example of simple source routing see Figure A 4 follows 1 2 3 Device A needs to establish a session with Device B which is connected to a different ring Device A sends out an ARE frame to discover all possible routes to Device B The ARE frame is copied every time it comes across a bridge with one copy crossing the bridge and collecting routing information and the other copy continuing to circulate the ring In the example the ARE frame crosses R
121. col Filtering you can group users together into domains give them access to the information they need and restrict other users from information they do not need FigureC 4 Protocol Filtering r TN Lb g j Needs access to servers COS B and C Ringswitch Gs Qin is A E Ges Quis Quis Qi Server C NetWare IPX Port 1 2 Port 1 3 Server A 124 L NetWare IPX Server B Windows NT NetBIOS Port 1 4 E SS Needs access to servers Aand B 100 291 07 183 a D 5 gO 1090 01d In Figure C 4 User Ring 125 needs access to Server A using IPX and Server B using NetBIOS but not C using IPX User Ring 123 needs to access Server C but not A By using Protocol Filtering you can configure the Ringswitch so that Ports 1 4 and 1 3 are in the same IPX domain and Ports 1 1 and 1 2 are in another different IPX domain The filter domains shown in Figure C 1 and the dialog shown in Figure C 5 represent this example Figure C 5 Filter Protocol Dialog Filter Protocol Dialog Protocol SAP value E00 IPX Header Destination address network node address socket Source address network node address socket so F B I f F e 184 Smart Ringswitch Family Us
122. communications with a device on an IP network IPX network number An eight digit hexadecimal number in the range 00000001 to FFFFFFFF that uniquely identifies a segment on an IPX network IPX routers and servers connected to the same segment must use the same IPX network number to identify the segment latency The time taken by a bridge router or switch to transmit a frame onto its output port after the frame has been received into the input buffer LAN Emulation Client LEC The LAN Emulation Client LEC is a process that resides in an end station or in a bridge which provides an entry point to the emulated LAN ELAN The LEC in the Smart Ringswitch resides in the ATM Module and provides most of the work of the LAN emulation LAN Emulation Configuration Server LECS The LAN Emulation Configuration Server LECS decides which LAN Emulation Server LES to direct a LEC to on the basis of the information that the LEC gives it Before a LEC can join an emulated LAN ELAN it must get the ATM address of the LES from the LECS Leg port A virtual connection into the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module supports up to 16 such connections 374 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Lobe Attachment Module LAM An expansion module that allows you to attach Token Ring stations such as the Madge Smart LAM STP or the IBM 8230 Token Ring Network Lobe Attachment Module A LAM is attached to a controlled access
123. cseneesetsesneeaes 86 Reading status indicators monena neeaaea o e E ee AE E E ar 87 Readings EDs csczcenticsheiad sists ied instone ad eeraiads eueded flied odeeutedie ctieetend dbstedaltiiaa aint 87 Reading the LGD ini act ati made a an ahi adamant dates 98 vi Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 12 Using the Ringswitch Reset button ices seeseceeceeseesecsecaeeeesaeeaeeeeecsasaceeesesneeaeeaeees 123 Re bootitig the switChis cn geseende aeaea hig eel hate aisha ath ates 123 Erasing the management Password 0 eceseseseesececseesessecseeaeeeesaeeaseceseceaeseesecaecaeeseesesaeeatees 124 Downloading new Microcode eee eainiie nini one a ahini ai 124 Erasing the stored configuration essessssesssesessesseesesssesessesesestssseseessseseseessseeseseseeessesesesesseees 125 Forcing the switch to boot from ROM ssssessesssssesessssesrsesrsssreresrsesesensrserenrsesreresesesreresreeereesee 127 Appendix A Network design issues rasene nia e eiA i E tee Ea e aE E E A A a 129 About t oken ting switching escou nearekin iiie AVAA E 131 Source Route Bridging ts id awh cia a a aa a a a ari a e Eer le 136 Transparent Bridging aaisnnanep aeiia eE E REE E AEAN Aa 140 Source Route Transparent Bridging ssesesseseseeesrerserressesesrsrsrsresrserteeesesertntssrtereersesrsereesent 142 Source Route Transparent Plus Bridging ec eeceseeseeeeeeeseeeeeeceseeceseesecaeeseeeeaeeneeaeeaeea 143 Spanning Tree Protocol is wits aa e
124. ctive Broadcast Control and virtual LANs Active Broadcast Control ABC features enable you to reduce the amount of broadcast traffic on the LANs interconnected by the Ringswitch The Ringswitch supports seven filters that each perform filtering of a particular kind of broadcast frame You can configure the ABC filters using TrueView Ringswitch Manager For more information about ABC see Appendix B Configuring Active Broadcast Control 246 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Enabling or disabling Remote Monitoring RMON Smart Ringswitch software release 2 0 and later include Remote Monitoring RMON agent software that supports all of the nine general groups of information specified in the RMON MIB and can monitor information on multiple ports You can enable monitoring by the Ringswitch and by one or more ports by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager To use the RMON agent you must obtain a Smart Ringswitch RMON License part number 84 27 from Madge Networks For more information about RMON see Appendix D About Remote Monitoring RMON Deleting Protocol Filters To delete Protocol Filters use the delete filters command Viewing information about the Ringswitch To get information about the Ringswitch use the show bridge all command Alternatively display subsets of that information by using the show bridge status show bridge characteristics and show bridge counters commands The show bridge all command displays informa
125. ctively convert ARE frames into STE frames ARE conversion determines whether the Ringswitch converts ARE frames into STE frames so that only one copy of the frame is forwarded to each ring Note ARE conversion is only recommended where the feature has been enabled in previous releases of Smart Ringswitch software ARE conversion causes a higher proportion of traffic to be sent using the spanning tree and may not take full advantage of other valid paths through the network Therefore you should use ARE filtering unless it is unsuitable for the design of your network Do not combine ARE filtering with ARE conversion 170 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide You can configure ARE conversion using the settings described in Table B 3 Table B 3 ARE conversion settings Setting Description Enable first Converts all ARE frames that have a RIF length of 2 This means the Ringswitch is the first bridge or switch the frame has encountered Enable all Converts all ARE frames to STE frames Enable beast first Converts all ARE frames with the broadcast destination address FFFFFFFFFFFF and a RIF length of 2 This means the Ringswitch is the first bridge or switch the frame has encountered Enable bcast all Converts all ARE frames with the broadcast destination address FFFFFFFFFFFF Disable Does not convert ARE frames to STE frames gt WO OOQ 3 53 ae T D IP ARP address caching I
126. d Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number 290 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set port leg OSPF cost command sets the cost of sending a packet from this interface Command gt set port leg lt slot gt lt port gt OSPF cost lt number gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number number OSPF cost The set port leg OSPF priority command sets the priority of this interface to become the designated router Command gt set port leg lt slot gt lt port gt OSPF priority lt number gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number number OSPF priority 100 291 07 291 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 The set port leg OSPF interval hello dead command sets the OSPF intervals in seconds Command gt set port leg lt slot gt lt port gt OSPF interval hello lt number gt dead lt number gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number number OSPF hello interval in seconds number OSPF dead interval in seconds 292 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring BOOTP Relay on a leg port The add card tls BOOTPRA server command adds a BootP Relay Agent server to a leg port Command gt add card tls lt slot gt BOOTPRA server lt ip address gt Parameter slot Slot number ip address IP address of the BOOTP Relay Agent server The enable port leg command enables BootP Relay Agent server on a leg port Command gt enable port leg lt slot gt lt port gt BOOTPRA Parameter
127. d independently A source routing virtual LAN consists of two or more Token Ring segments that are joined by devices where stations can only make connections to other stations or servers that are part of the same virtual LAN Therefore broadcast traffic originating on any ring is only received by stations on rings that belong to the same virtual LAN A transparent virtual LAN consists of one or more token ring ports on a single Ringswitch where ports can only forward frames to other ports that are part of the same virtual LAN The result is that traffic originating on any port is only received by ports that belong to the same virtual LAN Transparent virtual LANs do not affect addresses in the transparent bridge static address table which always override defined virtual LANs when forwarding to allowed ports See leg port 380 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide UNI User Network Interface An ATM signalling protocol for establishing connections between end stations across an ATM network The ATM Module supports UNI versions 3 0 and 3 1 100 291 07 381 382 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Index A ABC about 165 about broadcast frames 163 Active Broadcast Control see ABC active bypass on FDDI module 63 Alarms RMON group 200 All Routes Explorer ARE see ARE ARB 5 369 ARE 138 146 165 167 369 ARE conversion 170 ARE filtering 167 AreConv ABC filter 170 AreFilter ABC filter 167 ARP 160
128. d frames are transmitted continuously SONET is the ATM Forum prescribed interface to the telephone network Source Routing Source Routing is a method for token ring bridging that involves the endstations for path control Source routing bridges are traditionally used to connect token ring LANs Source routing bridges do not make use of lookup tables but use a non address based system of establishing a route between participating nodes 378 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Source Route Transparent SRT bridging Source Route Transparent SRT is a technique that enables Source Routing and Transparent bridging to co exist in the same network Frames that contain routing information are forwarded using the source route bridging technique and frames that do not contain routing information are forwarded using the Transparent bridging technique Source Route Transparent Plus SRT bridging Source Route Transparent Plus bridging is a bridging technique developed by Madge Networks that combines the benefits of source route bridging and Transparent bridging while allowing the same ring number to be used on multiple ports Spanning Tree Protocol STP The Smart Ringswitch can use either the IBM or IEEE 802 1D spanning tree protocol to determine the best path for frames when there are multiple path routes in a network The Ringswitch uses a common spanning tree process to determine paths between rings for both source route bri
129. d selects the type of RIP packet a leg port sends when RIP operation requests it Command gt set port leg lt slot port gt RIP send type lt donotsend rip1 rip1 compatible rip2 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number donotsend Do not send RIP frames on this leg port rip1 Send RIPv1 frames on this leg port rip1compatible rip2 Send RIPv2 frames using broadcast MAC address Send RIPv2 frames using multicast MAC address 284 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set port leg RIP flags and clear port leg RIP flags commands control the operation of the RIP protocol on a leg port In these commands enter the flags as a comma separated list Command Parameter gt set port leg lt slot port gt RIP flags lt ad ah as ld lh pr rh rs sh gt slot port ad ah as pr rh rs sh Slot number Leg port number Announce default routes Announce host routes Announce static routes Learn default routes Learn host routes Enable poison reverse algorithm Enable route holddown Enable route summarizing Enable split horizon algorithm 100 291 07 285 oO fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 Command gt clear port leg lt slot port gt RIP flags lt ad ah as Id lh pr rh rs sh gt Parameter slot port ad ah as pr rh rs sh Slot number Leg port number Do not announce default routes Do not announce host routes Do not announce static routes Do not learn default routes
130. des shown in Table 11 16 Table 11 16 Token ring port interface modes on the LCD panel Message Description Node The port is operating in automatic node mode Conc The port is operating in automatic concentrator mode ClsN The port is operating in classic half duplex node mode ClsC The port is operating in classic half duplex concentrator mode GroupSwitch The port is operating in five port hub mode DtrN The port is operating in full duplex node mode DtrC The port is operating in full duplex concentrator mode Cau The fiber token ring port is operating in CAU RI RO mode 104 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators The LCD displays the token ring port status messages shown in Table 11 17 Table 11 17 Token ring port status messages on the LCD panel Message Description Closed The port is closed Opening The port is opening Open The port is open OpenFail The last open request failed Normal The port is operating normally in classic half duplex mode Ready The port is in concentrator mode and waiting for a node to insert DTR Norm The port is operating normally as a Dedicated Token Ring DTR port Closing The port is closing Removed The port has closed because of a ring error or was removed from the ring by a remove MAC frame because a management station detected a fault
131. dging and Transparent bridging This means that where multiple paths exist between rings one of the paths will be selected and it will be used for both source route Spanning Tree Explorer STE frames and transparent bridged frames subnet mask A 32 bit integer address that defines how an IP address is divided into sub network address and local host address portions switching Like bridging switching provides a connection between LAN segments However a cut through switch forwards packets on direct connections between the input and output ports without buffering them into memory 100 291 07 379 Telnet The IP terminal emulation protocol that you can use to connect a terminal to the Smart Ringswitch to perform simple management tasks You cannot use the Telnet interface to set up virtual LANs Transparent Bridging virtual LAN virtual port Transparent bridging operates at the datalink layer and filters or passes traffic based on the destination address of the frame A transparent bridge makes decisions concerned with passing frames through the network whereas a source routing bridge forwards frames according to routing information in the frame Transparent bridges are sometimes referred to as promiscuous bridges because they read every frame to determine whether the frame should be forwarded to the remote network The Smart Ringswitch supports source routing and transparent virtual LANs which are configure
132. domains at the same time The domain shown in Figure C 1 that included Ports 1 1 and 1 2 now also includes Port 1 3 The domain which included Ports 1 3 and 1 4 now also includes Port 1 2 This means that Ports 1 2 and 1 3 are common to both domains FigureC 7 Filter Domain Dialog matrix Filter Domain Dialog Filter name Filter 2 Forwarding type Allframes SR ony TB only 1a TA a Es a ee eS a A ed i lee 1 4 E TE i eal 2 2 as 2 4 Cancel Reset Erotocal Help Note Take care when defining your filters especially for TCP IP because the majority of IP frames i first use an ARP request to locate devices once a route is established then direct communication using the IP protocol takes place Being direct non broadcast it will not be filtered In this situation it would be more effective to also target the SNAP ARP frame to filter on a D 5 gO 1090 01d 100 291 07 187 Configuring Protocol Filtering Note You cannot configure Protocol Filtering using the command line interface You must use the TrueView Ringswitch Manager To set up Protocol Filtering 1 Open the Protocol Filtering dialog 2 Choose an unused Protocol Filter and click Edit 3 Choose a Filter name in the Filter Domain Dialog 4 Define domains or a subset of ports that the filter will apply to A domain can either consist of a si
133. dress configured using RARP BOOTP or c fe 3 3 D SD ror 5 100 291 07 Enabling RARP BOOTP and DHCP The Ringswitch supports the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RARP Bootstrap Protocol BOOTP and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP each of which provides an industry standard way for the Ringswitch to acquire an IP address subnet mask and IP gateway from a server The Ringswitch supports RARP as specified in RFC 903 Configure a RARP server with the MAC address of the Ringswitch port that will communicate with the server and the IP address you want to allocate to the Ringswitch The enable rarp command enables RARP support Command gt enable rarp The disable rarp command disables RARP support Command gt disable rarp The Ringswitch supports BOOTP as specified in RFC 951 Configure a BOOTP server with the MAC address of the Ringswitch port that will communicate with the server and the IP address you want to allocate to the Ringswitch 240 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The enable bootp command enables BOOTP support Command gt enable bootp The disable bootp command disables BOOTP support Command gt disable bootp The Ringswitch supports DHCP as specified in RFC 1541 DHCP is a variant of BOOTP where IP stations lease IP addresses for a period of time determined by the DHCP server that is responsible for the addresses Typically a station receive
134. dules in Release 3 2 Module Filename Versions Run time Switch 1 Module SRSW358R BIN 3 58 Switch 2 Module SRSW358R BIN Switch 3 Module SRPW358R BIN Smart Ringswitch Express SRPW358R BIN Flash boot Switch 1 Module SRSB3308 BIN 3 03 08 Switch 2 Module SRST3308 BIN Switch 3 Module SRPB3308 BIN Smart Ringswitch Express SRPB3308 BIN FDDI firmware SRSF215R BIN 2 15 ATM firmware SRSA2058 BIN 2 05 08 326 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Features supported by Software Release 3 1 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 3 1 introduces support for the Switch 3 Module hardware For devices with a Switch 3 Module the following new features are supported e Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Copper Module e Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis The following table describes the modules in Software Release 3 1 Table H3 Ringswitch software in release 3 1 Module File name Versions Run time SRPW328R BIN 3 28 Flash boot SRPB3108 BIN 3 01 08 FDDI firmware SRSF213R BIN 2 13 ATM firmware SRSA205R BIN 2 05 se i o lt 0 O oc nn 100 291 07 327 Features supported by Software Release 3 0 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 3 0 introduces support for the Ringswitch ATM Module The following table describes the modules in Software Release 3 0 Table H4 Ringswitch software in release 3 0 Module File name Versions Run time SRSW306R BIN 3
135. e Chapter 7 Configuring the Smart GroupSwitch Module Note The Fault Manager is disabled if you insert multiple nodes into a port for example if you insert a local ringhub into the port There are four types of fault each controlled by a user set threshold e Ring Poll Failure Ring Poll failure requires the ring poll to fail consecutively times where 7 is the Threshold set by the user When the threshold for ring poll failure is exceeded the port is fault disabled If a good ring poll occurs the error counter is reset A good ring poll is defined as no NNNI Nearest Neighbour Notification Incomplete Frame sent within a twenty second period If the node causing the ring poll failure changes the error counter starts from one again ainpow o e c xe 0p e Excessive Ring Purging when the threshold for ring purges is exceeded from the same node within 20 seconds then the port will be fault disabled If any ring purges are seen from other nodes the counter is reset e Excessive Beaconing when a block of beaconing occurs from a node a counter is increased by one Every 60 seconds this counter is decreased by one If this counter ever exceeds the threshold the node is fault disabled e Isolating Errors when a Report Soft Error frame is seen on the ring then a node may be fault disabled If the sum of Internal Error and Abort Transmitted counts exceed the threshold the reporting node will be
136. e the FDDI Module will operate in 4 5K mode and all other modules will operate in 18K mode 242 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The enable 18k frames support command puts the Ringswitch into 18K maximum frame size mode Command gt enable 18k frames support The disable 18k frames support command puts the Ringswitch into 4 5K maximum frame size mode Command gt disable 18k frames support oO fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 243 Selecting the forwarding mode The Ringswitch offers Source Routing Transparent Source Route Transparent and Source Route Transparent Plus bridging techniques These bridging techniques enable you to select the mode that best matches the network environment The forwarding mode is set as a global parameter for each Ringswitch Note To support Transparent bridging Source Route Transparent bridging or Source Route i Transparent Plus bridging the Ringswitch must have a Switch 2 Module or Switch 3 Module installed For information about finding out the type of Switch Module hardware see Identifying the type of Switch Module hardware in Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family When you install a Ringswitch into a network that supports only source routing change the forwarding mode to source routing only This ensures the Ringswitch uses the IBM Spanning Tree protocol 244 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set bridge
137. e Ringswitch units Table J 1 Current ratings for Ringswitch units Model Maximum Maximum 5V dc load 12V dc load Smart Ringswitch Chassis 21 5A 2 1A Smart Ringswitch Plus 40 0A 1 5A Chassis Ringswitch Express 24 0A 1 0A 100 291 07 361 Ringswitch modules current ratings Refer to the following table to make sure that the sum of the current ratings for the modules you install does not exceed the maximum permissible rating for your Ringswitch To identify a module refer to the identification number printed on the metal carrier or to the number on the printed circuit board In the identification numbers shown in the following table the symbols xx represent the revision number of the hardware Table J 2 Current ratings for Ringswitch modules Modul Circuit board Metal carrier Maximum Maximum ae i d number i d number 5V dc load 12V dc load Switch 1 Module 157 039 xx Switch 111 4 3A 0 2A Switch 2 Module 157 159 xx Switch 112 4 3A 0 2A Switch 3 Module 157 662 xx Switch 113 8 0A 0 1A 157 957 xx Switch 113b 6 0A 0 1A Smart Ringswitch 4 Port 157 040 xx TRP 120 4 2A 0 2A TR Copper Module 157 047 xx TRP 121 Smart Ringswitch 4 Port 157 199 xx TRP 130 3 8A None TR Fiber Module Smart Ringswitch 8 Port 158 054 xx TRP 131 3 1A None TR Fiber Module 362 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Table J 2 Current ratings for Ringswitch modul
138. e Transparent 142 143 Source Route Transparent Plus 143 145 390 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Spanning Tree about 145 150 and SRT Plus forwarding 145 definition 379 IBM protocol in source routed network 244 in mixed network 147 path cost 264 port mode 263 root priority 246 Spanning Tree Explorer STE see STE SRB 378 ST optical connectors see fiber token ring port STE 378 STP see token ring port subnet mask setting 238 Switch Module default settings 18 identifying 15 switching about 131 133 System status LED 87 Third Layer Services 3 81 159 configuring using command line 278 307 TLS see Third Layer Services token ring port connecting devices 24 default settings 18 19 enabling and disabling 253 error timer 267 forwarding mode 260 getting information 316 high speed token ring port 43 LEDs 88 port path cost 264 ring number 259 ring speed 258 Spanning tree mode 263 troubleshooting 357 token ring RMON group 206 Traffic Matrix RMON group 204 Traffic Profiling 7 Translational Bridging 229 transparent filtering table 142 forwarding table 140 troubleshooting 359 100 291 07 391 Transparent bridging 140 142 troubleshooting 335 356 TrueView Ringswitch Manager about 9 preparing the Ringswitch 17 U UNI signalling 272 Unshielded Twisted Pair see token ring port Upgrading Ringswitch microcode 13 UTP see token ring port V virtual LAN a
139. e format between IEEE 802 5 for token ring and ISO 9314 with the addition of the RIF for FDDI as follows 1 The Ringswitch strips the Starting Delimiter SDEL Access Control AC Frame Copied FC Frame Check Sequence FCS Ending Delimiter EDEL and Frame Status FS and only the Destination Address DA Source Address SA Routing Information Field RIF and data DATA fields are bridged 2 The Frame Control FC field has a different meaning for token ring and FDDI frames so the Ringswitch converts the FC field when it bridges between different types of network The Ringswitch changes the FC of a token ring frame to 50h asynchronous LLC frame with 48 bit addressing when bridging to FDDI 3 The Ringswitch adds the Preamble PA SDEL FCS EDEL and FS fields to the frame and the protocol fixup engine see IP and IPX protocol fixup capabilities later in this chapter may modify the LLC field 4 Foran LLC frame the Ringswitch resets the A and C bits 5 The Ringswitch recalculates the FCS The maximum frame size that can be bridged from token ring to FDDI is 4491 bytes The maximum FDDI data field size as specified in IEEE 802 1d of 4399 bytes corresponds to a size 3 token ring frame However some token ring adapters set the size of the information field in a size 3 frame to 4472 bytes which means a frame with a Routing Information Field RIF is too large to fit ina FDDI frame If adapters on the ring use frame siz
140. e full duplex concentrators 44 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring ports Full duplex concentrator interface mode In full duplex concentrator interface mode you can connect to a port on a Madge HSTR module in another Ringswitch which has been set to full duplex node interface mode or you can connect to an HSTR adapter card If any copper HSTR node applies a phantom drive while inserting into a Ringswitch HSTR concentrator it will be correctly terminated by the Ringswitch This enables the node to detect wire fault Node interface mode In full duplex node interface mode the port may be inserted into another Ringswitch HSTR port in full duplex concentrator mode A Ringswitch port in full duplex mode will not generate a phantom drive Connecting devices To connect a workstation or server to a Ringswitch HSTR port you must set the port to full duplex concentrator mode To make an HSTR backbone link set one HSTR port on one Ringswitch to full duplex node interface mode and one HSTR port on another Ringswitch to full duplex concentrator mode and connect the two together Figure 5 1 shows how to connect devices suod YISH 100 291 07 45 Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring ports Figure5 1 Connecting devices to an HSTR module Ports connected to workstations SmartRAM Plus Port connected to workstation E
141. e functions by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager For information about the Ringswitch Management software refer to the booklet accompanying the Smart Ringswitch CD Re booting the switch You can force the Ringswitch to re boot and run its start up self test program To reset the Ringswitch 1 Press and hold the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to start normal boot 2 Release the Reset button The Ringswitch re boots 100 291 07 123 Chapter 12 Using the Ringswitch Reset button Erasing the management password You can reset the Ringswitch password which is implemented in the SNMP community string to the default password PUBLIC This will remove the security of a management password To erase the management password 1 Press and hold the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to start normal boot 2 Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to erase mgmt password 3 Release the Reset button The management password resets to PUBLIC Downloading new microcode Vv You can run the loader program which waits for code to be downloaded and then erases the old microcode Caution When you update to the latest version of microcode you must also upgrade to the most recent version of the TrueView Ringswitch Manager Make sure the code you download supports the s
142. e interface For information about the command line interface see Appendix G Using the command line interface i Note When you have configured IP subnets the Ringswitch stops IP switching on all ports which are not included in an IP subnet Configuring IP subnets using TrueView In the Trueview Ringswitch Manager the TLS Interface Port List represents physical ports on the Ringswitch To differentiate between IP subnets Trueview Ringswitch Manager gives each subnet a color Figure 10 2 shows a simple IP subnet configuration on a Smart Ringswitch Plus This Ringswitch contains Smart Ringswitch 4 Port TR Copper Modules in Slots 1 2 3 and 5 It also contains a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module in Slot 4 and Slot 6 is empty The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module is configured to route between two IP subnets Subnet 1 and Subnet 2 IP hosts for Subnet 1 are located on LANs attached to Ringswitch Ports 1 1 and 1 3 IP hosts for Subnet 2 are located on LANs o wn ce a 100 291 07 83 Chapter 10 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module attached to Ringswitch Ports 2 2 and 3 1 The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module is configured with two leg ports One is configured as an IP gateway for Subnet 1 and contains Ports 1 1 and 1 3 in its subnet group The other is configured as an IP gateway for Subnet 2 and contains Ports 2 2 and 3 1 in its subnet group Figure 10 2 Simple subnet configuration TLS Lag Port Liat ECTE
143. e link is down green The Ethernet port is enabled and a link has been established off The Ethernet port is disabled 100 291 07 97 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Reading the LCD View information about the status of the Ringswitch from the LCD display on its front panel Reading status messages on the LCD panel The Ringswitch has an LCD panel that shows status messages and alert messages that indicate changes in the status of the Ringswitch and each of the ports For information about port status see Module status messages on the LCD panel later in this chapter Press the paddle switch downwards to display information about each of the installed Ringswitch modules The LCD displays information about the modules in the order they are inserted into the Ringswitch chassis Click the paddle switch upwards to display more detailed individual port information about the currently selected module The default LCD screen displays the name of the Ringswitch which represents the switch module Smart Ringswitch Switch name Press the paddle down to display information about the first Ringswitch slot The LCD screen displays the number of the slot the type of module installed and the hardware version number Slot 1 TRP4 Rev 01 Continue pressing the down paddle to display information about the each of the Ringswitch modules Once information about all of the slots has been displayed the LC
144. e the interface mode of each token ring port on the Ringswitch for either node or concentrator mode at a ring speed of 4 or 16 Mbps or 100 Mbps for HSTR ports to support attachment to the lobe ports of standard workgroup hubs such as the Madge Smart CAU and Smart RAM Plus UTP intelligent stackable hubs For directly attached servers you can connect the server adapter card directly to a Ringswitch port without the need for a hub Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Full duplex token ring connections The Ringswitch supports centrally based network servers without degradation in network performance or user response times Centralized servers requiring greater network bandwidth can be directly attached to ports on the switch and have access to the full 16 Mbps bandwidth or to 100Mbps bandwidth if attached to a high speed token ring port Directly attached servers can also be attached in full duplex mode with a 16 Mbps bi directional transfer link between the server and the switch Full duplex mode provides an aggregate throughput of 32 Mbps between the switch and the server 3 e 2 fa o a e gt Server operating systems that can handle concurrent read write operations can take advantage of full duplex connections mode of operation i Note Madge Networks provides a range of network adapters that support the full duplex DTR Active Broadcast Control AB
145. eable virtual LAN 216 interface configuring the interface mode 254 default mode 18 19 enabling and disabling 253 IP address setting 238 IP ARP address caching 171 IP routing 81 159 IPArp ABC filter 171 IPX RIP SAP suppression 176 IPX Type 20 filtering 176 IPX20 ABC filter 176 IPXRip ABC filter 176 L LAM 375 token ring port 26 LAM management cables connecting to CAUs 26 386 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide LCD alert messages 337 342 during self test 349 350 352 port status messages 105 106 port status messages for FDDI module 108 109 reading 98 status message for Fast Failover 115 status message for TLS module 113 status messages for Ethernet ports 117 status messages for GroupSwitch Module 112 Switch Module status messages 99 token ring port status messages 101 106 LEC associating with an ELAN 273 definition 374 Ethernet LEC 223 LECS definition 374 LED after self test 353 ATM port 91 during self test 348 Ethernet ports 97 Fast Failover 96 FDDI port 90 GroupSwitch port 93 reading 87 System status 87 TLS module 94 token ring port 88 Liquid Crystal Display see LCD loop back in draft standard IEEE 802 5 35 management TrueView 9 also see MIBs MAU about 375 token ring port 26 max age 375 maximum frame support 18k frame support 242 4 5k frame support 242 100 291 07 387 MIBs about 375 supported 10 microcode revision history 323 334 upgrading 13 mirror port 21
146. ents of the Source Routing Statistics Table RMON mode Support All Frames Fully supports the Source Routing Statistics Table All counters provide accurate data in a pure source route bridging environment MAC Frames Only Does not provide data for the Source Routing Statistics Table All Frames to Address Provides data for the specified snoop address only Since the table contains Source Routing statistics this means many of the statistics are inaccurate Enabling a mirror port The Ringswitch MIB provides support for a mirror port which allows LLC traffic to be copied from selected rings to a specified port that is connected to an external RMON probe or network analyzer This enables the external monitor to log all traffic from multiple network segments except MAC frames which continue to be processed by the internal probe Note You can set up one mirror port per Ringswitch When you set up a mirror port make sure all forwarding modes are disabled on that port Using a mirror port reduces the processing demands placed on the Ringswitch See TrueView online help for instructions to enable a mirror port 212 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Appendix E About virtual LANs 0 The Ringswitch supports broadcast filtering and port to port blocking This enables you to block or enable the forwarding of packets between specified ports on a Ringswitch to include or exclude particular rings by
147. er Guide When an IPX broadcast frame is received by Port 1 1 it is forwarded to Port 1 2 the other port in the same domain Similarly when an IPX frame is received by Port 1 3 it is forwarded to Port 1 4 the other port in the same domain NetBIOS frames are unaffected by the filter so Ring 125 can see Server B but not Server C a D 3 gO 1090 01d 100 291 07 185 The Matrix method An advanced feature of the Filter Domain Dialog is Show matrix Figure C 7 shows the Filter Domain Dialog with Show matrix activated Using Show matrix enables the network manager to fine tune filtering The matrix displays all permutations of where a broadcast frame can travel from each port By clicking with your mouse on the matrix you can select where a broadcast frame from any port will travel Figure C 6 shows what you see if you select to view the matrix of domains that are configured in Figure C 1 Figure C 6 Filter Domain Dialog showing matrix view of domains from Figure C1 Filter Domain Dialog Filter name Fiter 2 Forwarding type Allframes C SR ony TB only the ede al alee ea el lel W2 iE 1 4 4 2i 2 2 Zel 24 zi Cancel Reset Protocol Help 186 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide In Figure C 7 the filtering that you can see in Figure C 1 has been fine tuned to additionally define Ports 1 2 and 1 3 to be in different
148. er displayed 100 291 07 335 3 D o fe fe d 5 dO If the module is functioning correctly the LCD will display the slot number module type and microcode version of the selected module as shown in the following table Table I 1 The LCD message displayed by a correctly functioning FDDI Module Message Description Slot lt n gt FDDI Rev XX XX XX Correctly functioning FDDI Module The following messages will be displayed if the microcode in the currently displayed module needs updating Table 1 2 Microcode related messages on the LCD panel Message Description FDDI messages Slot lt n gt FDDI Rev Unknown Disabled The FDDI Module is running microcode older than v 2 08 The module must be moved to any of the top three slots before it can be upgraded Slot lt n gt FDDI Rev xx xx xx No Open The FDDI Module is running microcode older than v 2 08 The module must be upgraded before the FDDI interface is enabled The upgrade must occur via a port other than FDDI Module s port 336 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Table 1 2 Microcode related messages on the LCD panel Message Description Slot lt n gt FDDI Rev xx xx xx No Fwd The FDDI Module is running microcode older than v 2 10 The module must be upgraded before the FDDI interface is enabled for bridging This upgrade can occur via t
149. ertisement address resolution and route discovery packets that originate on aring that does belong to a virtual LAN are not received by stations on rings that do not belong to the same virtual LAN Configuring source routing virtual LANs You can define several overlapping virtual LANs that share common resources like file servers and print servers In Figure E 1 the workgroup rings are divided into two virtual LANs that both include the centrally located server ring 203 The Marketing virtual LAN includes rings 203 and 204 and the Finance virtual LAN includes rings 003 004 101 and 203 Although the virtual LANs share the ring on which the servers are located broadcast frames are not forwarded from either virtual LAN onto rings that only belong to the other 214 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Figure E 1 Example of a source routing virtual LAN Rimgawiteh A Ringswaich B Jenya qnoqy Marketing virtual LAN Finae Virtial LAN If the workgroups move to a new physical location the administrator can redefine the virtual LAN to ensure that the workgroup can continue to access the ring to which the server is attached 100 291 07 215 The Ringswitch supports the permeable and impermeable virtual LANs Configure these using TrueView Ringswitch Manager e Impermeable You can define impermeable virtual LANs by specifying an explicit list of the ring numbers that belong to the virtual LAN Define impermeable virtual
150. es Modul Circuit board Metal carrier Maximum Maximum nes i d number i d number 5V dc load 12V dc load Smart Ringswitch 8 Port 157 615 xx TRP 122 5 6A None TR Copper Module 157 930 xx TRP 123 2 5A 0 1A Smart Ringswitch FDDI 157 050 xx FDDI 140 3 8A None Module Ringswitch ATM 157 532 xx ATM 160 5 25A 0 25A Module MMF Ringswitch ATM 157 785 xx ATM 161 Module SMF Smart GroupSwitch 157 514 xx Group 150 3 7A None Module Smart Ringswitch 4 Port 157 959 xx HSTR 171 4A None HSTR Copper Module Smart Ringswitch 2 Port 157 980 xx HSTR 172 4A None HSTR Fiber Module Smart Ringswitch 8 Port 158 094 xx HSTR100 174 3 5A None HSTR Copper Module Smart Ringswitch 8 Port 158 095 xx HSTR100 175 5 3A None HSTR Fiber Module 100 291 07 363 i 3 3 D gt gO 2 Table J 2 Current ratings for Ringswitch modules Modul Circuit board Metal carrier Maximum Maximum a i d number i d number 5V dc load 12V dc load Smart Ringswitch TLS 158 015 xx TLS 180 5 25A 0 25A Module Smart Ringswitch 2 Port 158 046 xx Ethernet 2 5A 0 25A Ethernet Module 10 100 190 364 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Appendix K Technical support services World Wide Web WWW To access the Madge Networks service on the web use either a web browser or FTP software Using a web browser To access
151. es different to those specified in IEEE 802 1d use TrueView Ringswitch Manager to change the maximum frame size to accommodate the larger frames For information about TrueView Ringswitch Manager refer to the booklet accompanying the Smart Ringswitch CD g z z fa a D 100 291 07 65 Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module IP and IPX protocol fixup capabilities Protocols like IP and IPX store MAC addresses canonically in FDDI frames and non canonically in token ring frames The FDDI Module can fix up IP and IPX frames by reading the protocol and locating embedded MAC addresses within the protocol header or the data field This enables the Ringswitch to translate the bit order from canonical to non canonical or vice versa depending on the direction in which the frame is being bridged Note Make sure the protocol fixups setting is the same for all the Ringswitch devices on the same LAN To enable or disable protocol fixups use one of the following methods e connect a terminal to the serial port on the front of the Ringswitch and enter the enable port fixups or disable port fixups serial management command For more information see Appendix G Using the command line interface e use TrueView Ringswitch Manager For information about TrueView Ringswitch Manager refer to the booklet accompanying the Smart Ringswitch CD If you use the module to connect the Ringswitch to another R
152. ess 0 0 0 0 IP Subnet Mask 0 0 0 0 IP Gateway 0 0 0 0 Spanning Tree Root Priority 32768 If an FDDI Module or ATM module is installed the show bridge characteristics command also displays the version numbers of FDDI Module and ATM module components The show bridge counters command displays the number of frames and bytes that the Ringswitch receives transmits and discards Use the show port counters command to show the information for a specific port 2 3 Command gt show bridge counters z or Example Total Frames Transmitted 12 999 5 Total Frames Received 13 533 2 Frames Per Second 0 Bytes Per Second 80 Input Broadcast Discards 0 Output Broadcast Discards 0 Switched Frame Discards 0 100 291 07 249 Showing the slot status The show slots status command displays the status of all the modules in the Ringswitch chassis There are four possible states as shown in the following example Command gt show slots status Example Slot 1 Card in this slot is OK Slot 2 Can t open port in this slot Slot 3 Can t boot the card in this slot Slot 4 No card connected to this slot Slot 5 No card connected to this slot Slot 6 No card connected to this slot If you attempt to enable an ATM or FDDI interface on a card that is reported as Can t open port in this slot then the open will fail and the following alert will appear on the Ringswitch LCD Slot lt n gt FDDI ATM Rev xx xx xx No Open This is becau
153. et when they are forwarded onto token ring and de encapsulating BPDUs when they are forwarded from token ring onto Ethernet Command gt set Ethernet port STP encapsulation mode lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 2 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Enable 2 Disable 314 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Clearing the Ethernet port RIF Cache The set Ethernet port RIF cache cleared command deletes the RIF cache for the specified Ethernet port The cache is used when translating transparently forwarded Ethernet frames to source routed token ring frames Command gt set Ethernet port RIF cache cleared lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Clear Displaying Ethernet port information The show Ethernet port information command displays all relevant Ethernet port information including the outcome of any Auto mode settings when an Ethernet link is established Command gt show Ethernet port information lt slot gt lt port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 100 291 07 315 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 Viewing information about the port You can get information about a port by using the show port all command Alternatively you can display subsets of that information by using the show port characteristics show port status and show port counters commands The show port all command displays all the information about the interfa
154. ew Ringswitch Manager can be fully integrated into a range of third party management systems including IBM NetView 6000 and HP OpenView for UNIX To obtain management applications for third party management systems contact your Madge vendor Note For information about installing and using TrueView Ringswitch Manager to manage the Ringswitch refer to the booklet accompanying the Ringswitch Software CD The Ringswitch supports industry standard Management Information Bases MIBs as well as three MIBs that are specifically designed for use with the Ringswitch Madge Box MIB MDGBOX TXT Madge Smart Ringswitch MIB MDGRSW TXT and Madge Active Broadcast Control MIB MDGABC TXT and one MIB designed for use with the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Madge TLS MIB MDGTLS TXT The Ringswitch supports the following MIBs e Madge Box MIB MDGBOX TXT e Madge Smart Ringswitch MIB MDGRSW TXT e MIB II RFC 1213 e IEEE 802 5 Token Ring MIB RFC 1231 RFC 1239 e Definitions for Managed Objects for Bridges RFC 1493 e Definitions for Managed Objects for Source Routing Bridges RFC 1525 e FDDI MIB RFC 1512 only supported if an FDDI module is installed e Madge Active Broadcast Control MIB MDGABC TXT e ATM MIB RFC 1695 only supported if an ATM module is installed e SONET SDH MIB RFC 1595 e LAN Emulation Client Management DRAFT Version 1 0 Specification e Smart Ringswitch TLS Module has a separate MIB II and Madge TLS MIB
155. examine the first four letters in the file name as shown in Table H 1 The remaining characters in the file name denote the version number of the software For the most up to date information about version numbers refer to the README TXT file on the accompanying CD Table H1 Ringswitch software modules in Release 4 0 Microcode module Switch module Ringswitch File name Versions Run time Switch 3 Module SRPW406R BIN 4 06 g 3 Multi Download file Switch 3 Module REL4_0 BIN 4 0 amp FDDI firmware Switch 3 Module SRSF216R BIN 2 16 100 291 07 323 Features supported by Software Release 3 3 Ringswitch Software Release 3 3 supports the Smart Ringswitch Plus and the Smart Ringswitch Express and introduces support for the Smart Ringswitch 4 Port HSTR Copper Module the Smart Ringswitch 2 Port HSTR Fiber Module and Multi Download Multi Download will greatly simplify the future upgrades of your Ringswitch software by combining most downloadable files into a single file including Switch bootcode Switch microcode HSTR microcode and ATM microcode You only need to download the one file and your Ringswitch is upgraded Madge strongly recommends you upgrade to Release 3 3 to be ready for Multi Download Note To identify files containing boot code and run time microcode examine the first four letters in the file name as shown in Table 12 1 The remaining characters in the file name denote the
156. fault disabled If the sum of AC Burst and Line exceeds the Threshold the node upstream from the reporting node will be fault disabled Note We recommend that when the Fault Manager reports that a node is sending isolating errors or ring purges you set the actions on these two errors to Inform and not Remove 100 291 07 59 Chapter 7 Configuring the Smart GroupSwitch Module Port modes Table 7 1 Port Modes Port mode Fault finding Fault manager Five port hub Yes Yes Auto concentrator No No DTR concentrator No No 60 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module About the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module The FDDI Module is an optional unit that you can use to extend the functionality of the Ringswitch The FDDI Module enables you to connect the Ringswitch to file servers routers concentrators or other Ringswitch devices on Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI networks The FDDI Module provides dual ISO 9314 3 fiber Media Interface Connectors MICs and supports Single Attach or Dual Attach with Dual Homing modes of operation The FDDI Module implements source route transparent and source route transparent bridging between token ring and FDDI networks and has protocol fixup capabilities to enable the conversion of IP and IPX protocols g z z a a D 100 291 07 61 Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module
157. forwarding state When a port is in the blocked state it does not forward transparent bridged frames or source routed STE frames but continues to forward source routed All Routes Explorer ARE and non broadcast frames In the example there are duplicate paths between device A and device B A port on Ringswitch 1 is put into the blocking state to prevent the duplicate connection 146 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Figure A 7 Spanning tree operation A ON Ringswitch 1 V Re X iE ca Cae eB e Fwd fo OP ee cease 002 O l Device A N 7 J E ci C 7 J Fwd 7 s Fwa E eD DI ken m BG Fwd Fwd amp a cee e me ae ae hed el K fe gae MlM oo D ZIS 5 Zz 0 amp aS nO S oe Ma no a ga Ringswitch 2 Bridge 3 root bridge if i 7 I Device B Spanning Tree operation in a mixed network The Ringswitch can use either the IBM or IEEE 802 1D Spanning Tree Protocol to determine the best path for frames when there are multiple path routes in a network The Ringswitch uses a common Spanning Tree process to determine paths between rings for both Source Route Bridging and Transparent Bridging
158. frame type specific modifications Add or remove any necessary Ethernet padding Recalculate the CRC ND UB WD 100 291 07 229 Protocol fixup capabilities Protocols such as IP and IPX store MAC addresses canonically in Ethernet frames and non canonically in token ring frames To link Ethernet and token ring networks the Translational Bridge must fix up frames by reading the protocol and attempting to locate embedded MAC addresses within the protocol header or the data field The Translational Bridge can then translate the bit order from canonical to non canonical or vice versa depending on the direction in which the frame is being bridged Source routing Ethernet unlike token ring does not support source route environments and will not expect or resolve a Route Information Field RIF Any token ring RIF field must be removed when forwarding frames to an Ethernet network Madge products using Translational Bridging store the RIF within their cache and index against the corresponding source address of the originating device Thus when frames are received from the Ethernet network the Translational Bridge adds the correct RIF value into the frame before transmission onto the token ring network 230 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide IP Translational Bridging IP frames are always converted between Ethernet II format on Ethernet and SNAP format on token ring IP is transparent to the network topology and therefore
159. frames described in Table D 2 and the frames addressed to or coming from the Ringswitch The PStats table is not supported All Frames to Address All MLStats counters are accurate except the MacOctets and MacPkts counters which only count the frames described in Table D 2 and the frames addressed to or coming from the snoop address The PStats statistics are gathered for the snooped frames only Certain frames sent to the snoop address may not be processed by the probe for the ring to which they have been forwarded See Restrictions to the Segment Statistics group in the All Frames to Address mode later in this chapter for more information about this restriction 196 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The frames counted in the MAC Frames Only and All Frames to Address mode are shown in Table D 2 Table D2 Frames counted for MacOctets and MacPkts statistics in MAC Frames Only mode and All Frames to Address mode Frame i MIB entries affected Ring Purge Broadcast RingPurgeEvents RingPurgePackets Beacon BeaconEvents Beacon Time BeaconPkts Active Monitor Present RingPollEvents BeaconTime Standby Monitor Present BeaconTime Claim Token Claim TokenEvents Claim TokenPkts NAUN Change CRS NAUNChanges Report Error REM LineErrors InternalErrors BurstErrors ACErrors AbortErrors FrameErrors CongestionErrors FrameCopiedErrors FrequencyErrors TokenError
160. gh switching Cut through switching The Ringswitch transfers non broadcast packets between rings without buffering the entire frame into memory Instead the Ringswitch analyses the packet header and determines the destination of a packet when it has received the first few bytes of a frame When the Ringswitch has determined the destination it establishes a connection between the input and output ports and when the token becomes available the Ringswitch transmits the packet onto the destination ring In accordance with specification ISO IEC 10038 the Ringswitch uses Access Priority 4 to gain priority access to the token on the output ring This increases the proportion of packets that can be cut through and makes it possible for the Ringswitch to reduce latency However in certain circumstances the cut through technique cannot be applied and the Ringswitch must buffer packets into memory Buffering must be performed when e the Ringswitch has two packets to transmit onto the same ring one packet is buffered while the other is sent e apacket is switched between rings at different speeds e the destination ring is beaconing 100 291 07 135 Z 2 S 0O S 23 oa no D m Source Route Bridging Source Route Bridging SRB is a method for token ring bridging that involves using endstations for path control Source routing bridges are traditionally used to connect token ring LANs Source routing bridges do
161. gs that belong to either virtual LAN and the ring is treated as a third generic virtual LAN Figure E 2 Example of an impermeable source routing virtual LAN Runs ch A gt on fa Cc S lt 3 a v Ringswiteh A Marketing virtual LAN Fian virial LAM 100 291 07 217 Permeable source routing virtual LANs In a permeable virtual LAN any ring that is connected directly to a ring that belongs to the virtual LAN can forward broadcast frames onto the virtual LAN and receive broadcast frames from inside the virtual LAN In Figure E 3 a permeable virtual LAN includes rings 003 004 101 and 203 However because the virtual LAN is permeable rings 001 and 002 can forward broadcast frames onto the virtual LAN and receive broadcast frames from inside the virtual LAN Ring 204 is not directly connected to a ring that is included in the virtual LAN Therefore the stations on the ring cannot forward broadcast frames onto the virtual LAN or receive broadcast frames from inside the virtual LAN 218 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Figure E 3 Example of a permeable source routing virtual LAN Ringswitch A Ringswich B gt on fa Cc S lt 3 a v Marketing virtual LAN Finance virtual LAN 100 291 07 219 Transparent virtual LANs The Ringswitch supports up to 31 transparent virtual LANs which are applied to all transparent bridged frames A virtual LAN consists of one or more toke
162. h a 25 pin D type connector When the Ringswitch is switched on it puts the modem into auto answer mode Note ETA TIA 232 and EIA TIA 449 are equivalent to recommended standards RS 232 and RS 449 which have been since accepted as standards by the Electronics Industries Association EIA and Telecommunications Industry Association TIA c fe 3 3 D SD ro 5 1 Start a Telnet session 2 Type the password at the sign on message This is the community string of the Ringswitch You need to use a password if you want to write information to the device If you do not supply a password you will only be able to use read only commands 3 Type help and press Return 4 You see the Ringswitch commands If you only have read access you see a subset of commands 5 Type a command from the list and press Return 100 291 07 233 Serial port pinouts Figure G 1 illustrates the pin connections to use when you connect the Ringswitch to a terminal using a null modem EIA TIA 232 cable or to a modem using a straight through ETA TIA 232 cable FigureG 1 Pin connections for the serial port Ringswitch Terminal 7 7 2 3 3 2 4 5 5 4 6 20 8 6 20 8 Ringswitch Modem o Ny Aua A UDN NN O NOAUA RAUN 234 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Entering commands When you connect to the seria
163. he entries in the forwarding database If the Ringswitch finds a match in the table of remote addresses it passes the frame to the corresponding destination port If the location of the destination MAC address is not known the Ringswitch forwards the frame to every port To ensure that frames sent to an unknown address do not get continuously propagated the Spanning Tree algorithm is used to ensure that only one path to the destination exists In this mode ring numbers are not involved in the forwarding process so the Ringswitch imposes no constraints on how they are assigned Use Transparent Bridging where all endstations servers switches and bridges support Transparent Bridging 100 291 07 141 Transparent filtering table The Ringswitch supports the configuration of a filtering table that applies to transparent bridged frames You can define up to 255 entries in the transparent filtering table each specifying a destination address and the allowed ports on which frames can be transmitted Addresses in the filtering table will override defined virtual LANs when forwarding to allowed ports Source Route Transparent Bridging Source Route Transparent SRT is a technique that enables Source Route Bridging and Transparent Bridging to co exist in the same network Frames that contain routing information are forwarded using the Source Route Bridging technique and frames that do not contain routing information are forwarded using the Tra
164. he module s own port ATM messages Slot lt n gt MMF ATM Rev xx xx xx No Fwd The ATM Module is running microcode older than v 2 00 The module must be upgraded before the ATM interface is enabled for bridging This upgrade can occur via the module s own port The following alert messages may also be displayed on the LCD Table 1 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel Message Description General messages Manager requested load of new code A management station running TrueView Ringswitch Manager has sent a request to the Ringswitch to download new code 100 291 07 337 3 E D o fe fe ad y Table 1 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel Message Description Burnt in Address is not valid To confirm the problem reset the Ringswitch to start the self test program which tests the burnt in addresses of the Ringswitch and each token ring port Record any failures Token ring messages Port lt slot port gt Open success The Ringswitch successfully connected the port to the ring Port lt slot port gt Open failed Check cable The Ringswitch failed to connect the token ring port to the ring Check that the cables are not loose or wrongly connected Port lt slot port gt Open failed Check ring speed The Ringswitch failed to connect the token ring port to the ring Check that the ring speed is correct fo
165. he port uses its own Spanning Tree State as per normal operation Command gt clear port master lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number The set port hop count command sets the port hop count which is the total number of hops that an All Routes Explorer ARE broadcast frame can make Command gt set port hop count lt slot port gt lt hopcount gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number hopcount Port hop count 1 13 262 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set port spanning tree mode command sets the port Spanning Tree Explorer Forwarding mode to auto disabled or forced The mode determines whether the Ringswitch forwards Spanning Tree Explorer STE frames Command gt set port spanning tree mode lt slot port gt lt auto disabled forced gt Parameter slot port auto disabled forced Slot number Port number The Ringswitch determines whether to forward STE frames by communicating with source route bridges on the network using the spanning tree protocol The Ringswitch does not forward STE frames The Ringswitch always forwards STE frames between segments 100 291 07 263 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 The set port path cost command sets the port spanning tree path cost The port path cost enables the Spanning Tree protocol to determine the most efficient path between segments This path will be used when forwarding transparent bridged frames or
166. he required slot Then press the paddle up to provide detailed information about each of the ports in the selected slot The LCD displays the status messages shown in Table 11 13 Table 11 13 Token ring port status messages on the LCD panel D _ 2 a8 ga EF oA ox Cc n Message Description Slot lt n gt XXX XXX The location of the card what the card is and the Rev 0 hardware revision number 1 2 SR 402 Fwds TB Disa 1 2 The slot and port number of the token ring port 02 Conc 16 Normal SR 402 Fwds The forwarding mode number of the ring attached to the port and the source routing status see Table 11 14 TB Disa The transparent status of the port see Table 11 15 02 Conc 16 The total port number the interface mode see Table 11 16 and the speed of the port Normal The status of the port see Table 11 17 100 291 07 101 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators The LCD displays the source routing status messages shown in Table 11 14 Table 11 14 Source routing status messages on the LCD panel Message Description Disa Source routing is disabled Down Source routing is enabled but the port interface is disabled Test The bridge test is running on the port Fwd The port forwards source routed frames but does not forward Spanning Tree Explorer STE frames Fwds The port forwards source routed frames and STE f
167. hooting management problems 0 0 ceeseseceecrceseeeeseesceeeesesaeseeseceaeseeseesesaeeaeeeee 356 Appendix J Quirent Mating aseiivinac heen ealatainad tila dih dead eo dicaidi a heh aie 361 Ringswitch chassis current rating eseeseeeeceeseseeeeeeecsececesseseceeeececceaesaseacenesseseesseseeseeaseseees 361 Ringswitch modules Current ratings cscs ssesseeeeseeececeeeseesecsecaceaessesaeeaeeeesaenaeseeseseaeaeeseees 362 Appendix K Technical support Services 2aci n again a hhaie Sita ddd oti ates anthers 365 World Wide Web CW W W iiciieciticicions Hel aeiitlevinere ie ai iain ews emma iaie 365 CG OSS ALY neii oa a ei a aa eae budtiaday ctategtans a Meat vale dias leqaseniteatends Seda aaseeatbenns deeds 369 Ind xictaenni eit A T alana EEE ds wigh Ma eres autem orbits Rivets 383 100 291 07 ix Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide List of commands A add card tls BOOTPRA server 293 add card tls OSPF area id 301 add card tls RIP neighbor 298 add card tls static route 303 add port leg RIP reject 289 add port leg subnet group port 281 add port leg VRRP VRTR ip vrid 295 Cc clear card tls RIP flags 299 clear port leg OSPF area id 290 clear port leg RIP flags 286 clear port leg RIPv2 authentication 287 clear port master 262 create port lec 275 create port leg 278 D delete filters 247 delete port lec 276 delete port leg 278 disable 18k frames support 243 disable bootp 241 disable card tls OSPF 302 di
168. ht LED flashing red An error has been detected by fault finding and the port has been disabled by the management program 100 291 07 93 ps _ 2 D gt a8 Sa PF oA ox Cc n Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Reading LEDs on the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Each Smart Ringswitch TLS Module has two LEDs that indicate the status of the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module The lower LED displays configuration information as shown in Table 11 8 Table 11 8 Lower LED states for Smart Ringswitch TLS Module LED state Description off No leg ports configured yellow One leg port is enabled The LED will flash if the leg port connections into the bridge are not in the forwarding mode green Two or more leg ports are enabled The LED will flash if the leg port connections into the bridge are not in the forwarding mode red Fatal fault detected 94 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators When the lower LED is yellow or green the upper LED provides an indication of the traffic activity a during the preceding 1 10th of a second as shown in Table 11 9 za Table 11 9 Upper LED states for Smart Ringswitch TLS Module 8 0 Oe a a LED state Description 5 off No activity green lt 50 000 pps throughput yellow gt 50 000 and lt 100 000 pps throughput red 100 000 pps throughput 100 291 07 95 Chapter
169. iate w r t speed when trying to establish a link HD The port is open and in half duplex mode if Lk Up else it will try and establish a half duplex link if Lk Down FD The port is open and in full duplex mode if Lk Up else it will try and establish a full duplex link if Lk Down AD The port will auto negotiate w r t duplex mode when trying to establish a link 118 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Module status messages on the LCD panel When the Ringswitch re boots the LCD displays information about each of the modules in the chassis Press the paddle switch downwards to display information about each of the installed modules Information about each of the modules is displayed in the order they are inserted into the chassis reading from top to bottom If no specific message is given contact your customer service representative quoting the error number displayed D _ 2 a8 ga PF oA ox Cc n The following table includes the messages displayed if the microcode in the selected slot needs updating Table 11 28 Module status messages on the LCD panel Message Description Token ring messages Slot lt n gt TRP4 Correctly functioning token ring Module Rev XX XX XX Slot lt n gt GroupSwitch Correctly functioning GroupSwitch Module Rev XX XX XX Slot lt n gt HSTR4 Correctly functioning Smart Ringswitch 4 Port HSTR Copper Module Rev XX XX XX
170. idging e Source Route Transparent Plus bridging The following table describes the modules in Software Release 2 0 Table H6 Ringswitch software in release 2 0 Module File name Versions Run time SRSW204R BIN 2 04 Flash boot SRSB2104 BIN 2 01 04 SRST2104 BIN 2 01 04 FDDI firmware SRSF107R BIN 1 07 330 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Features supported by Software Release 1 4 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 1 4 adds the following features e Ringswitch FDDI Module e Ringswitch Fiber Token Ring Port Module The following table describes the modules in Software Release 1 4 Table H 7 Ringswitch software in release 1 4 Module File name Versions Run time SRSW158R BIN 1 58 Flash boot SRSB1406 BIN 1 04 06 FDDI firmware SRSF106R BIN 1 04 23 100 291 07 331 x D D D A D C v aS D lt fe c o Features supported by Software Release 1 3 Smart Ringswitch Software Release 1 3 adds the following features e IEEE 802 5r draft 3 full duplex or Dedicated Token Ring DTR connections e Ring Parameter Server RPS feature e ASIC Token Ring Port Module The following table describes the modules in Software Release 1 3 Table H8 Ringswitch software in release 1 3 Module File name Versions Run time SRSW135R BIN 1 35 Flash boot SRSB1305 BIN 1 03 05 332 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide
171. ient LEC with a specified ELAN Command gt set port atm elan lt slot port gt lt elan_name gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number Parameter elan_name The name of the Emulated LAN The ELAN name can be up to 32 alphanumeric characters This parameter is case sensitive 100 291 07 273 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 Enabling a particular LEC The enable port lec command enables an individual LEC Command gt enable port lec lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number Disabling a particular LEC The disable port lec command disables an individual LEC Command gt disable port lec lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number Enabling a particular ATM module s physical interface The enable interface command enables the specified ATM card s physical interface Command gt enable interface lt slot interface gt Parameter slot Slot number interface Physical interface number 274 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Disabling a particular ATM module s physical interface The disable interface command disables the specified ATM module s physical interface Command gt disable interface lt slot interface gt Parameter slot Slot number interface Physical interface number i Note The ATM Module only has one physical interface so the interface parameter will always be 1 Creating LECs The create port lec creates a LEC on the
172. iew Ringswitch Manager Note Ifthe Ringswitch is reset any existing RMON groups are lost and must be re enabled For each port on the Ringswitch you can either disable RMON or enable one of a range of modes of operation The modes of RMON operation are e All Frames e MAC Frames Only e All Frames to Address To fully support RMON on all ports it would be necessary to put each port into All Frames mode and the resulting processing and storage demand would significantly affect the performance of the Ringswitch 192 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide All Frames The MAC Frames Only and All Frames to Address modes of operation are provided to enable you to limit the demands placed on the Ringswitch while retaining the ability to gather useful RMON data NONY ynoqy Note When you enable RMON on a Ringswitch port the port closes and re opens to enable the Ring Error Monitor REM and Configuration Report Server CRS functional addresses When you disable RMON the port closes and re opens to disable the functional addresses The port does not need to close and re open when you change the RMON mode In standard mode all MAC and LLC frames appearing on the port interface are passed to the RMON probe for processing including frames forwarded to the port by the Ringswitch MAC Frames Only If you configure ports to process MAC frames only the REM and CRS functional addresses are enabled The RPS functio
173. ike a token ring station or adapter card and generates ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 signalling keys Table 4 1 describes the devices you can connect to a port in node mode Table 4 1 Fiber port in node interface mode Attached device Connector on device Wiring concentrator such as a SmartCAU Plus Controlled Access Unit CAU or Multistation Access Unit MAU Fiber optic port conforming to ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 Fiber LAM for example a Raylan LAM Fiber optic token ring port Ringswitch Any fiber token ring port in concentrator mode Smart DeskStream Token Ring Switch Any fiber token ring port in concentrator mode 34 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports You can connect a port to a wiring concentrator such as a Controlled Access Unit CAU or Multistation Access Unit MAU conforming to ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 Many modern concentrators are designed to ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 The difference between conforming and non conforming concentrators is in the way the adapter enters the ring The ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 standard provides for a loop back test that enables an adapter card to detect a faulty lobe cable before entering the ring If the concentrator does not conform to ANSI IEEE 802 5j 1997 it may not support the feature and the adapter will need to perform the loop back test locally Figure 4 1 shows the devices you can connect to a
174. ination ring has the correct routing information C630 401 1 402 0 All Routes Broadcast ARB frame Source address 0000F65E02F1 Destination address Any address Routing information 8270 The frame appears on rings 401 and 402 The frame that is passed to the RMON probe for the destination ring has the correct routing information 8630 401 1 402 0 100 291 07 199 History MIB object ID mib 2 16 2 The History group provides historical views of the information in the Segment Statistics group The group allows you to define sample intervals for trend analysis The History group comprises the History Control Table which controls the periodic sampling of data from various types of networks The table controls the sampling of data from token ring networks Note No data will appear in the table until the sample interval expires For example if the sample interval is 60 minutes no data will be collected until one hour after sampling begins The sampled data is collected and stored in the following tables e Token ring MAC Layer History Table which collects the same statistics as the MAC Layer Statistics Table but for a sampled period only The mode requirements are the same as those for the Segment Statistics group shown in Table D 1 e Token ring Promiscuous History Table which collects the same statistics as the Token ring Promiscuous Statistics Table but for a sampled period only The mode requirements are the same a
175. ined list of rings that do not restrict the forwarding of broadcast traffic to an explicit list of the rings Define permeable virtual LANs when Ringswitch devices are installed in a large source routed network to define logical workgroups without explicitly specifying the rings that belong to each virtual LAN phantom drive The signal that an adapter card sends to a concentrator to activate the port into which it is attempting to insert When the token ring switch ports of the Smart Ringswitch are configured as node ports they send a phantom drive to insert into the connected device When they are configured as concentrator ports they receive phantom drive from the connected device Phantom drives are only applicable to copper based half duplex token ring ring number A three digit hexadecimal number in the range 001 to FFF that identifies the token ring to which the port is attached 376 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide router A device that connects two or more LANs at the network layer of the OSI model Like bridges routers operate in store and forward mode buffering each packet into memory before determining the destination of the frame A router also amends the header on each frame once it buffered the frame into memory to reflect the routing decision that was made Routing Information Field RIF The field in the header of an incoming source routed frame that the Smart Ringswitch uses to determine the correct out
176. ing with a LEC 273 definition 372 ELEC 223 Emulated LAN see ELAN erasing Ringswitch configuration 125 Ethernet connecting Ethernet and token ring 158 223 connecting Ethernet ports 51 Ethernet LANE 72 76 223 Ethernet LEC 223 Events RMON group 205 F Fast Failover 47 FDDI port about the FDDI module 61 configuring 270 getting information 316 LCD messages 108 109 LEDs 90 protocol fixups 66 270 source routed token ring 64 Fiber HSTR ports see high speed token ring ports Fiber LAM fiber token ring port 34 fiber MIC connectors on FDDI module 62 Fiber token ring port connecting devices 33 see token ring port Fiber Trunk Link see FTL filtering see Protocol Filtering Filters RMON group 205 forward delay 372 forwarding about modes 129 bridge number 246 default mode 18 setting the mode 260 100 291 07 385 frame size maximum frame size mode 242 FTL about 372 in SmartCAU Plus or SmartRAM 39 full duplex 254 G GroupSwitch port LEDs 93 H hello time 373 high speed token ring ports 43 and path cost 152 and Spanning Tree 152 Fast Failover see Fast Failover flash memory 49 History 200 History RMON group 200 hop count 373 setting 262 Host Table RMON group 201 Host TopN RMON group 204 HSTR modules see high speed token ring ports IBM 8230 Token Ring CAU connecting to fiber Token Ring port 40 IBM Spanning Tree protocol 145 IEEE 802 1D see Spanning Tree IEEE Spanning Tree protocol 145 imperm
177. ingswitch 1 collecting routing information consisting of ring numbers and the bridge number 001 1 002 The ARE frame continues around Ring 002 and crosses Bridge 2 increasing the routing information 001 1 002 2 003 The ARE frame finds Device B and is returned to Device A using the same route Because the frame was copied when it crossed Bridge 1 the other copy of the frame continued around Ring 1 and crossed Bridge 3 increasing the routing information 001 3 003 This frame finds Device B and is returned to Device A using the same route The ARE frame found two possible routes between Devices A and B In this example the route that is used is the first that returns to A and this may not necessarily be the shortest route However end systems can select the first last or shortest route The routing information is put into the RIF in the 802 5 frame and that route is used for the duration of the session 138 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Figure A4 Source Route Bridging cf b Ringswitch 1 a oS 5 g 002 re e woe amp 2 EH P m m come cm cme Ce com G J Devise A ae J z 3 S
178. ingswitch TLS Module and the firmware revision level Slot lt n gt TLS Unsupported in slots 1 3 The location of a disabled Smart Ringswitch TLS Module within the Ringswitch The Smart Ringswitch TLS Module is not supported in Slots 1 3 of the Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis Slot lt n gt TLS 2nd TLS card unsupported The location of a disabled Smart Ringswitch TLS Module within the Ringswitch The Ringswitch does not support multiple Smart Ringswitch TLS Modules TLS Forward Rate xxxxxx CPU xx xx FreeMem xxxxk The current IP forwarding rate the CPU utilization and the free memory 100 291 07 113 ps _ 2 D gt E Sa EF oA ox Cc wn Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Table 11 23 Smart Ringswitch TLS Module status messages on the LCD panel Message Description x xx SR 409 Fwds TB Disa 49 Xxxx XX XX XX XX X XX The slot and leg number SR 409 Fwds The source route forwarding mode number of the ring attached to the port and the status see Table 11 14 TB Disa The transparent status of the port see Table 11 15 49 The total port number XXXX The status which can be Fault Opening Down Up XX XX XX XX If status is Up this is the IP number of the leg port x xx LEG port inactive X XX The slot and leg number of an inactive port 114 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicato
179. ingswitch over a FDDI backbone and you do not connect the Ringswitch to other devices on FDDI networks make sure protocol fixups are disabled In Figure 8 3 protocol fixups are disabled and the FDDI interface functions in the same way as a token ring port This enables the workstations and servers connected to Ringswitch A to communicate with token ring stations connected to Ringswitch B 66 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module Figure8 3 Connecting Ringswitch devices with a FDDI backbone __Ringswitch A oe __ Ringswitch B FDDI Ring communication between workstations and servers connected to token ring networks and stations on FDDI networks i Note Disabling protocol fixups improves the performance of the Ringswitch but prevents To provide communication between devices on token ring networks and FDDI networks enable protocol fixups In Figure 8 4 protocol fixups enable communication between token ring stations connected to the Ringswitch and stations and NetWare servers on the FDDI ring 100 291 07 67 g z z O a D Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module Figure 8 4 Connecting the Ringswitch to FDDI concentrators ___ Smart Ringswitch FDDI Concentrator A When you enable protocol fixups enable them for every Ringswitch on the same LAN Caution If you have multiple Ringswitch devices with FDDI Modu
180. ingswitch to the network immediately use the command line interface to perform the minimum number of configuration tasks that will enable you to connect the Ringswitch to a device on the network For information about the command line interface see Appendix G Using the command line interface Preparing to use TrueView Ringswitch Device Manager To prepare the Ringswitch for management with the TrueView Ringswitch Manager connect a port to a device that will interoperate with that port in the default configuration The default port configurations for the Ringswitch are summarized in Table 2 1 on page 18 For an explanation of the default modes refer to the chapter in this guide which deals with the appropriate module If you do not have a device that will interoperate with a Ringswitch port in the default configuration configure one of the Ringswitch ports by connecting a terminal to the serial port on the front of the Ringswitch and using the command line interface For information about installing and using TrueView Ringswitch Manager refer to the TrueView online help or the booklet accompanying the Smart Ringswitch Software CD 100 291 07 17 D 5 go 0 fma 2 y SULNBYUOD Chapter 2 Configuring the Ringswitch The factory default settings are shown in Table 2 1 Table 2 1 Factory default settings Module Setting Description All Switch Modules Password PUBLIC Switch 1 Module Ringswitch Source
181. irst of the these is the LEC The LEC is used in any device that provides an interface into the A TM network such as a PC or workstation that has an ATM module It is also used in a token ring switch that has an ATM uplink The LEC in the Ringswitch resides in the ATM Module and this resolves MAC to ATM addresses or next hop ring to ATM addresses and performs the required SAR functions see the section on Token ring to ATM bridging earlier in this chapter The other three services that make up LANE are the LAN Emulation Server LES the LAN Emulation Configuration Server LECS and the Broadcast and Unknown Server BUS 78 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module LAN Emulation Server LES The LES maintains a list of all active LECs on the ATM network as well as their associated MAC addresses If the LEC is a port on a bridging device then the LEC can register as a proxy indicating that it is a transparent bridging port If a token ring LEC is part of a source routing bridge it can register the ring numbers directly attached to the other ports of the bridge LAN Emulation Configuration Server LECS Before a LEC can join an emulated LAN it must get the ATM address of the LES from the LECS The LECS decides which LES to direct a LEC to on the basis of the information that the LEC gives it For example the LEC may provide the name of the emulated LAN it expects to join
182. is supported the configured MAC address of the LEC interfaces the actual MAC address assigned by the LAN Emulation Server LES a range of LEC frame counters 100 291 07 317 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 When a LEC joins the ELAN it can request the configured MAC address but the LES may give it an alternate address Accordingly the actual MAC address may not be the same as the configured MAC address Command Parameter Example gt show port characteristics lt slot port gt slot Slot number port Port number Interface Admin Status Port Forwarding Mode S R Port Segment Number S R Port Spanning Tree Mode S R Port Hop Count S R Port Spanning Tree Path Cost Elan Name Configured Ring Number Actual Ring Number Configured Mac Address Actual Mac Address LEC Rx Discards LEC Tx Discards LEC Tx Quota Discards LEC Tx BUS Broadcasts LEC Tx BUS Unknowns LEC Rx BUS Filtered Enabled SR Mode FFC Automatic 7 100 Dave FFC FFC 0000f64301C9 0000f64301C9 0 oooo o 318 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide If the port being displayed is a TLS leg port then the command also displays the leg port s configuration information Command Parameter Example gt show port characteristics lt slot port gt slot Slot number port Port number Interface Admin Status Port Forwarding Mode S R Port Segment Number S R Port Spanning Tree Mode
183. itch RMON probe The group consists of the Event Table and the Log Table Support for this group depends on the event that is tracked The event is any one of the MIB variables provided by the RMON probe refer to the other groups to determine the RMON mode requirements for specific MIB variables To set an event the event must exist within the RMON probe 100 291 07 205 RFC 1513 groups supported by RMON modes RFC 1513 defines a Token Ring group MIB object ID mib 2 16 10 which comprises of a series of specific token ring tables The tables are e Ring Station Control Table e Ring Station Table e Ring Station Order Table e Ring Station Config Control Table e Ring Station Config Table e Source Routing Statistics Table Ring Station Control Table The Ring Station Control Table controls which interfaces the Ring Station Tables apply to and collects data that provides a summary of the configuration of each ring The following statistics are collected e Table Size e Active Stations e Ring State e Beacon Sender e Beacon NAUN e Active Monitor e Order Changes The Ring Station Control Table is fully supported by each of the RMON modes and all counters are accurate 206 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Ring Station Table The Ring Station Table contains a list of entries associated with stations discovered on the local ring The table is generated automatically when a Ring Station Control Table
184. ken ring lobe stations e a workstation or server that has a token ring adapter card e a Madge Local Ringhub e atoken ring port on a Smart DeskStream Token Ring Switch 100 291 07 23 Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports Selecting the port interface mode The port interface mode affects how the port behaves and determines the devices you can connect to the port Each token ring port on the Ringswitch can act in node or concentrator port interface mode In node mode a port behaves like a token ring adapter and generates a phantom drive signal to insert into the device that is connected In concentrator mode a port behaves like a MAU or LAM port and detects the phantom drive signal that is generated when the connected device attempts to insert For information about how to configure the port interface mode see Appendix G Using the command line interface The default port interface mode of the token ring ports on a Ringswitch with a Switch 1 Module or a Switch 2 Module installed is node mode However the right hand port in the first slot port1 4 defaults to concentrator mode The default port interface mode of the token ring ports on a Ringswitch with a Switch 3 Module installed is node mode However the right hand port of each of the installed modules defaults to concentrator mode Factory default settings for all Option Modules are summarized in Chapter 2 Configuring the Ringswitch in Table 2 1 Connecting devices
185. kstation server Token Ring adapter 4 e gt x 0 gt ya Local Ringhub La Centre port SE 100 291 07 29 Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports Connecting another Ringswitch Connect multiple Ringswitch devices by their token ring ports with one in concentrator interface mode and one in node interface mode as shown in Figure 3 3 Figure3 3 Connecting Ringswitch devices together Smart Ringswitch Token Ring switch port in concentrator mode S Q A Ha ol o T o o Smart Ringswitch Token Ring switch port in node mode When you connect two Ringswitch devices by their token ring ports and you are using source route bridging make sure the ring number is identical for both ports 30 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Connecting fiber token ring ports There are two fiber token ring port modules e Smart Ringswitch 4 Port TR Fiber Module e Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Fiber Module Fiber token ring port modules are optional units th
186. l boot 2 Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to erase mgmt password 3 Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to load new microcode 100 291 07 127 Chapter 12 Using the Ringswitch Reset button 4 Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to erase stored config Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to force boot from ROM Release the Reset button The Ringswitch re boots using the boot code stored in ROM 128 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Appendix A Network design issues This appendix describes the network design issues concerning how the Ringswitch implements token ring switching and describes the frame forwarding techniques that the Ringswitch uses The Ringswitch offers four bridging techniques e Source Route Bridging e Transparent Bridging e Source Route Transparent Bridging e Source Route Transparent Plus Bridging This choice of bridging techniques enables you to select the mode that best matches your network environment With a Switch 3 Module and a Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module installed you can also use the Ringswitch to connect token ring LAN segments to Ethernet LAN segments The Ethernet Module perfo
187. l interface using the Ringswitch password or when no password is set you can gain access to read commands such as show bridge status and write commands such as set port ifmode If you do not enter the correct password you can only enter read commands and you cannot change the configuration of the Ringswitch If you have read only access to the device the help command displays only those commands that are available to you Whether you have read only or read write access to the Ringswitch you can enter commands by typing only the first part of the command and pressing the Space Bar or the Return key Depending on the combination of command lines that can result from the part that you have entered pressing the Space Bar completes the remaining part of the command line for you For example to enter the command show bridge characteristics 1 Atthe prompt type sh and press the Space Bar The word show is added to the command line 2 Type pb and press the Space Bar The word bridge is added to the command line 3 Type ch and press the Space Bar The command line show bridge characteristics is complete Press the Return key to display all the possible commands based on the part that you have entered C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 235 General commands Use the general commands described in Table G 1 Table G 1 General commands Command Description gt help Displays a list of the commands that you c
188. le FFO S P Q A Fast Failover switch over has taken place because the Link Swapped active link failed Check the cable 100 291 07 343 Table 1 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel Message Description ATM messages Slot lt n gt ATM Rev xx xx xx No Open You see this message if you have enabled 18k mode on the Ringswitch and the ATM microcode needs upgrading Upgrade the ATM microcode to version 3 09 or later LEC lt slot port gt Open failed Can t find LECS The ATM module has failed to discover the LECS using the enabled methods The permissible methods are using ILMI using the Well Known Address or using PVC 17 Make sure that LECS is active and that ATM routing is functioning correctly LEC lt slot port gt Open failed Config failed The LECS is not configured with an ELAN of the name or type that the ATM module is requesting Check that the LECS and the ATM module are configured correctly that the ELAN name is correct and that the default token ring LES is correctly specified in the LECS configuration LEC lt slot port gt Open failed LES connect failed The ATM module has failed to connect to the LES Check that the LES is active If it is not active ATM routing may not be functioning correctly Check that the local switch has a good route to the LES and the Ringswitch 344 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Table 1 3 Alert messages on the
189. le shows the benefit of applying ARE filtering Table B 2 and Figure B 1 show the number of ARE frames generated and filtered when a frame is sent from a user ring to a user ring from a server ring to a user ring and from a directly attached server to a user ring Table B2 ARE frames generated with ARE filtering enabled and disabled Frames generated with Frames generated with ARE Same ARE filtering disabled ARE filtering enabled User ring 023 to user ring 013 40 2 Server ring 001 to user ring 012 8 Z Server ring 123 to user ring 010 36 2 168 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide FigureB 1 ARE filtering broadcast control in a mesh network gt To OS 3 2m Oc 5 5 oD o ma a gt Directly armched n nerwah server i The use of ARE filtering reduces the number of frames arriving at each ring to two per broadcast 100 291 07 169 ARE conversion AreConv Source routing stations discover routes using one of the following broadcast techniques e All Routes Explorer ARE Frames are sent out that traverse every possible route to the destination e Spanning Tree Explorer STE The Spanning Tree algorithm ensures that only one path between the source and destination rings is used The use of STE frames significantly reduces the amount of broadcast traffic However some protocol stacks only support ARE frames so the ARE conversion broadcast control feature can be used to sele
190. les installed enable protocol y fixups on the Ringswitch furthest from the management station first and the Ringswitch closest to the management station last For example if you change the settings for a Ringswitch that connects the management station to the network you will be unable to communicate with subsequent Ringswitch devices to enable protocol fixups 68 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module About the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module The ATM Module is an optional unit used to extend the functionality of the Ringswitch It enables you to connect token ring LANs to a high speed ATM Network thereby giving token ring workstations access to ATM based resources The ATM module provides a dual redundant OC 3 STS 3c STM 1 155Mbps connection supporting ATM Forum specified LAN Emulation Madge supplies two versions of the module the MMF Multi Mode Fiber and SMF Single Mode Fiber modules each have two female full duplex SC Snap Connection sockets The ATM module implements source route transparent bridging between token ring and ATM networks Physical and bridging interfaces in the ATM Module The ATM Module enables you to connect bridging ports into an ATM network through a single physical interface To connect bridging ports the ATM Module supports multiple LAN Emulation Clients LECs and by assigns a virtual bridge port to each of these LECs gt oo z z 2 S y SULINSIJ
191. ll fail to become active if the spanning tree protocol detects a loop in the network Note that if the user has requested both source route and transparent bridging on a port the LED will be yellow if either fail to become active 100 291 07 89 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Reading FDDI port LEDs Each FDDI port has two LEDs that indicate the status of the port The lower LED displays the information in Table 11 4 when the lower LED is green the upper LED provides the information in Table 11 3 Table 11 4 Lower LED states for FDDI ports LED state Description red Port is not connected green Port is open yellow Port is twisted This means the cables are connected incorrectly For example port type A of a dual attach station is connected to port type A on the FDDI module off Port is disabled 90 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Reading ATM port LEDs Each ATM port has two LEDs that indicate the status of the ATM interface The lower LED displays the information in Table 11 5 Table 11 5 Lower LED states for ATM ports LED state Description flashing yellow Interface is attempting to connect to the ATM switch red Interface has failed to connect to the ATM switch green Interface has successfully connected to the ATM switch yellow Interface is enabled but not currently active off The physical i
192. ll show what sort of network it opens on to that is either Token Ring TRN or Ethernet ETH Jackson The name of the ELAN 100 291 07 111 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators LCD status messages for the GroupSwitch Module The LCD panel displays the following information messages when you install a GroupSwitch Module Table 11 22 LCD status messages for the GroupSwitch Message Description Slot lt n gt GroupSwitch The location of the GroupSwitch within the Ringswitch and the Rev 0 hardware revision number 3 1 SR 992 Disa TB Fwd 3 1 The slot and port number in the GroupSwitch 09 DTRc Normal SR 992 Disa The forwarding mode the number of the ring attached to the port and the source routing status TB Fwd The transparent status of the port 09 DT Re The total port number and the mode and ring speed of the port Normal The status of the port see Table 11 17 112 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators LCD status messages for the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module The LCD panel displays additional status messages when you install a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Status messages for the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module are described in Table 11 23 Table 11 23 Smart Ringswitch TLS Module status messages on the LCD panel Message Description Slot lt n gt TLS Rev XX XX XX The location of the Smart R
193. mart Ringswitch TLS Module is connected In this command enter the flags as a comma separated list If you do not want to use any flags enter lt gt to denote an empty list Command gt add card tls lt slot gt OSPF area id lt area id gt address lt ip address gt mask lt subnetmask gt flags lt aar ara xrc gt Parameter slot Slot number area id The OSPF area id in dot notation for example 0 0 0 0 ip address IP address in dot notation of the IP network covered by this area for example 192 168 16 0 subnet mask IP subnet mask in dot notation of the IP network covered by this area for example 255 255 255 0 aar Indicates that the area address range is enabled ara Indicates that the advertising of summary routes to external areas is enabled C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 xrc Enables the flooding of Autonomous System external advertisements into throughout the area If AS advertisements are excluded from an area it is called a stub 100 291 07 301 Command gt remove card tls lt slot gt OSPF area id lt area id gt Parameter slot Slot number area id The OSPF area id in dot notation for example 0 0 0 0 The enable card tts OSPF command enables the OSPF protocol Command gt enable card tls lt slot gt OSPF Parameter slot Slot number The disable card tls OSPF command disables the OSPF protocol Command gt disable card tls lt slot gt OSPF Parameter slot Slot number
194. meter Command Parameter gt set port leg lt slot port gt IP MTU lt mtu size gt slot Slot number port Leg port number mtu size Size of IP MTU supported by the leg port This measures the maximum LLC header IP header and IP data payload size gt set port leg lt slot port gt IP multicast over lt bcst mcst func gt slot Slot number port Leg port number best Send IP multicast control traffic over broadcast MAC address FF FF FF FF FF FF func Send IP multicast control traffic over IP functional MAC address C0 00 00 04 00 00 mest Send IP multicast control traffic over IP multicast MAC address as specified in RFC1112 280 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Managing the IP subnet port group Before a leg port can start routing on an IP subnet you must configure the group of Ringswitch ports that belong to the IP subnet The add port leg subnet group port command adds a Ringswitch port to the IP subnet group of a leg port Command gt add port leg lt slot port gt subnet group port lt p_slot p_port gt Parameter slot Slot number of Smart Ringswitch TLS Module port Leg port number p_slot Slot number of physical port p_port Physical port number The remove port leg subnet group port command removes a Ringswitch port from the IP subnet group of a leg port gp 3 Command gt remove port leg lt slot port gt subnet group port lt p_slot p_port gt 3 a Parameter slot Slot numbe
195. modes the Ringswitch provides and how to configure the port interface mode see Appendix G Using the command line interface For information on the default state of each token ring port refer to Preparing to use TrueView Ringswitch Device Manager in Chapter 2 Configuring the Ringswitch 32 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports Connecting devices Token ring networks are resilient to the temporary disruption of network signals that occur when nodes insert into and de insert from the network Therefore you do not need to switch off the Ringswitch when connecting and disconnecting cables Make sure you e configure the token ring port to support the correct ring speed or you may cause ring disruption or beaconing e configure the token ring port for the correct port interface mode connecting a token ring port in concentrator mode to another device that detects token ring fiber keys causes the port to remain in the Ready state as shown on the LCD connecting a token ring port in node mode to another device that generates token ring fiber keys causes the port to repeatedly fail the open process The LCD displays the port status as OpenFail and the upper LED for the port flashes red a a 0 Oa Sg 2 0 os go 100 291 07 33 Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports Node interface mode In node interface mode the port behaves l
196. n release 1 0 Module File name Versions Run time SRSW103R BIN 1 03 334 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Appendix I Troubleshooting rt If the Ringswitch does not work correctly when the installation is complete use the procedures described in this appendix to diagnose the cause of the problem Also read the chapters in this guide which describe how to use correctly the modules installed in your Ringswitch The section Troubleshooting management problems describes problems that may occur when you use TrueView Ringswitch Manager to manage the Ringswitch For information about using TrueView Ringswitch Manager refer to the booklet accompanying the Ringswitch CD Warning The Ringswitch does not contain any user serviceable components Do not open the unit except when installing a module Troubleshooting messages on the LCD panel When a Ringswitch re boots the LCD displays alert messages as well as information about each of the modules in the chassis Press the paddle switch downwards to display information about each of the installed modules Information about each of the modules is displayed in the order they are inserted into the chassis reading from top to bottom Click the paddle switch upwards to display more detailed individual port information about the currently selected module If no specific message is given contact your customer service representative quoting any error numb
197. n ring ports on a single Ringswitch where ports can only forward frames to other ports that are part of the same virtual LAN The result is that traffic originating on any port is only received by ports that belong to the same virtual LAN The ports that do not belong to any virtual LAN are treated as a generic virtual LAN and may forward frames to other ports that do not belong to any virtual LANs i Note Addresses in the transparent bridge static address table always override defined virtual LANs when forwarding to allowed ports 220 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide In Figure E 4 two transparent virtual LANs are configured on each of two Ringswitch devices All transparently bridged traffic is restricted to the explicit list of ports that belong to each virtual LAN This minimizes traffic on user rings Table E 1 Transparent virtual LANs in Figure E 4 Ringswitch name Virtual LAN name Ports in virtual LAN z Switch A VLAN W 1 2 3 VLAN X 2 4 E Switch B VLAN Y 3 5 VLAN Z 3 10 Port 8 on Switch B is not included in any virtual LANs Therefore the stations connected to the port cannot forward transparently bridged frames onto the virtual LANs or receive transparently bridged frames from inside the virtual LANs 100 291 07 221 Figure E 4 Example of transparent virtual LANs W X Y and Z Sua Par Swnch Ere af i Ti T T i Swich A ER VLANY
198. nal address can be enabled or disabled independently if RMON and RPS are enabled RPS frames are processed by the RMON probe The ports also pass MAC frames addressed to the Ringswitch port address and sent from the Ringswitch port address to the RMON probe All MAC frames with the following functional addresses are passed to the RMON probe e Ring Error Monitor REM address C00000000008 e Configuration Report Server CRS address C00000000010 e Functional broadcast address COOOFFFFFFF e Ring Parameter Server RPS address C00000000002 100 291 07 193 All Frames to Address You can configure ports to process all frames to an address known as the snoop address Note Earlier releases of the Token Ring Port Module hardware do not support the All Frames to Address mode This RMON mode means frames addressed to or coming from the snoop address that are received by the Ringswitch are passed to the RMON probe for processing All MAC frames are also processed Note Certain frames sent to the snoop address may not be processed by the probe for the ring to which they have been forwarded See Restrictions to the Segment Statistics group in the All Frames to Address mode later in this chapter for more information about this restriction 194 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide RFC 1757 groups supported by RMON modes RFC 1757 defines a range of groups that consist of a series of tables The support
199. ng the port interface mode Use the port interface mode for each token ring port on the Ringswitch to control how the port behaves and determine the devices you can connect to the port For information about configuring the port interface mode according to the device you plan to connect to the Ringswitch e for copper token ring ports see Chapter 3 Connecting token ring ports e for high speed token ring ports see Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring ports e for fiber optic token ring ports see Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports In Node mode the port behaves like an adapter card and generates a phantom drive signal if it is a copper token ring port or IEEE 802 5j signalling keys if it is a fiber token ring port to insert into the connected device In Concentrator mode the port behaves like a Lobe Attachment Module LAM port and detects the phantom drive signal if it is a copper token ring port or IEEE 802 5j signalling keys if it is a fiber token ring port that are generated when the connected device attempts to insert The Ringswitch also supports full duplex or Dedicated Token Ring DTR connections to Ringswitch devices and other hardware designed to meet draft specification IEEE 802 5r draft 3 If you configure a full duplex connection the token passing protocol is omitted and the connection operates as a serial link running at 16 Mbps in both directions at the same time providing an aggregate bandwidth of 32 Mbp
200. ngle port or a group of ports To define domains choose a color from the list on the left side of the dialog box and apply the color by clicking on the boxes that represent the ports 5 Define the filter protocol to be used on the selected frame type and domains by clicking Protocol 188 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide AppendixD About Remote Monitoring RMON The Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Remote Monitoring RMON standard provides a method for gathering and reporting information such as status data and traffic profiles to a network management station The RMON Management Information Base MIB typically resides in an RMON probe which may be a stand alone device a software component embedded in a device such as a hub or a bridge or a software application that runs on a workstation An RMON probe is typically required to exist on each network segment where it monitors and processes the data on the segment and stores the results in the RMON MIB The network administrator can browse the contents of the MIB from either a SNMP management station or a specialized management system NONY ynoqy Note Smart Ringswitch Software Releases 2 0 and later include RMON agent software To use the RMON agent you must obtain a Smart Ringswitch RMON License part number 84 27 from Madge Networks 100 291 07 189 You can enable RMON support in the Ringswitch and in one or more ports using TrueView Ringswitch M
201. ngswitch TLS Module To configure RIP OSPF VRRP BootP DHCP Relay Agent or static routes you must use either the command line or TrueView Madge recommends that you use TrueView For detailed information about using TrueView refer to the online help For information about using RIP OSPF VRRP and BootP DHCP Relay Agent see Appendix A Network design issues 86 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 ps _ 2 D gt a8 Sa PF oA ox Cc no Reading status indicators The Ringswitch indicates status information on its LEDs and displays information on its LCD Alternatively view the LEDs and LCD display from the management station by running TrueView Ringswitch Manager For more information on how to run the TrueView Ringswitch Manager refer to the booklet accompanying the Smart Ringswitch CD Reading LEDs Each port has a LED which indicates its status Reading the system status LED The Ringswitch has a system status LED near the Reset button which indicates whether the Ringswitch passed the start up self test The LED displays the information in Table 11 1 Table 11 1 System status LED states LED state Description green Ringswitch is operating normally red A system self test failure occurred yellow This is a warning condition The Ringswitch failed one or more non critical tests during the start up sequence 100 291 07 87 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators
202. nline help 100 291 07 271 Note In most cases you do not need to specify the ATM address since the ATM Module will automatically locate the LECS Setting ATM UNI signalling version The set card atm uni command sets the ATM User to Network Interface UND signalling version of a particular card Command gt set card atm uni lt slot gt lt 3 0 3 1 auto gt Parameter slot Slot number Parameter 3 0 Selects UNI 3 0 signalling 3 1 Selects UNI 3 1 signalling auto Automatically selects the UNI signalling The new version will only take effect when the ATM physical interface is next brought up This means if the ATM physical interface is enabled it must be disabled for 15 seconds and then re enabled for the new signalling version to take effect This can be done using the enable interface and disable interface commands see Enabling a particular ATM module s physical interface later in this chapter or by resetting the Ringswitch 272 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Setting the physical framing mode The set card atm mode command sets the physical framing mode of a particular card Command gt set card atm mode lt slot gt lt sonet sdh gt Parameter slot Slot number Parameter sonet Selects SONET Synchronous Optical Network framing mode sdh Selects SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy framing mode Associating LEC with ELANs The set port atm elan command associates a specified LAN Emulation Cl
203. nning tree dialog box When the Ringswitch uses Auto Path Cost the path cost becomes 1000 X where x is the speed of the media connected to the port Hence e when the speed is 4Mbps the path cost is 250 e when the speed is 16Mbps the path cost is 62 e when the speed is 100Mbps the path cost is 10 Madge recommends that you use Auto Path Cost If your Ringswitch was manufactured with Release 3 3 or above the default is Auto Path Cost enabled If you upgrade your Ringswitch to Release 3 3 or above unless you default the configuration or set the path cost to Auto Path Cost by using TrueView your ports will inherit the existing path cost value 152 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Advanced configuration of Virtual LANs Overriding the Spanning Tree Protocol allows Transparent Virtual LANs VLANs to be extended across an entire network rather than confined to a single switch By extending the VLANS across the links between the switches frames on each VLAN can be transferred between the switches while maintaining the separation of each VLAN s frames This is displayed in the following diagram Figure A11 Extended VLANs across the links between two switches
204. normal operation will begin 48 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring ports Troubleshooting Upgrading flash memory Madge HSTR modules have a programmable flash memory device to store the programmable hardware image To upgrade flash memory use TrueView If during an upgrade this image becomes invalid the Ringswitch LCD displays the following error message at regular intervals Upgrade S W slot xx In this case perform the upgrade again suod YISH 100 291 07 49 Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring ports 50 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 6 Connecting Ethernet ports suod jausayuly The Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module enables you to connect your Ringswitch to an Ethernet network The Translation Bridging solution provided in the Ringswitch allows for any to any connectivity permitting Ethernet and token ring end stations to talk directly without the need for any special drivers in these end stations For more information about the conversion process see Appendix F Token ring and Ethernet conversion You can install the module into any slot of the Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis or into the Smart Ringswitch Express Connecting ports The Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module has two Ethernet ports each with an RJ 45 connector for copper UTP cabling It is wired as an adapter workstation You can connect an Ethernet
205. nsparent Bridging technique When the SRT mode is enabled the Ringswitch performs in the same way as a source route bridge and a transparent bridge in parallel The Ringswitch examines incoming frames to find out whether the Routing Information Indicator RII bit is set If the RII bit is set the frame also contains a Routing Information Field RIF Incoming frames with the RII bit set are treated as source route frames while frames without routing information are treated as a transparent bridged frames Although SRT enables Source Route Bridging and Transparent Bridging to co exist on the same network it does not enable communication between stations on source routed token ring LANs and stations on Ethernet LANs 142 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide In SRT mode all Ringswitch ports must have a unique ring number so that source routed frames can be forwarded to the appropriate port Use SRT bridging where all switches and bridges support SRT bridging or in conjunction with source route bridges and transparent bridges Ensure that the Spanning Tree algorithm will generate a valid path for all frame types under all conditions see Spanning Tree Protocol later in this chapter Source Route Transparent Plus Bridging Source Route Transparent Plus SRT Bridging is a bridging technique developed by Madge Networks that combines the benefits of Source Route Bridging and Transparent Bridging while allowing the same ring number to be
206. nterface is disabled 100 291 07 91 ps _ 2 D gt E Sa EF oA ox Cc n Chapter 11 Reading status indicators When the lower LED is green the upper LED provides the information in Table 11 6 Table 11 6 Upper LED states for ATM ports LED state Description off No LEGCs are currently open or forwarding green Port is open and forwarding frames in all requested forwarding modes yellow There is no forwarding requested on any LEC bridge port on this module or some of the requested forwarding is not active Source route bridging will fail to become active when requested if the port fails its source route bridge test Transparent bridging will fail to become active if the spanning tree protocol detects a loop in the network Note that if either source route or transparent bridging fails to become active on any LAN Emulation Client LEC where requested then the LED will be yellow 92 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Reading GroupSwitch port LEDs Each GroupSwitch port has two LEDs on either side of the port to indicate the status of the port see Table 11 7 Table 11 7 LED states for GroupSwitch ports LED state Description both LEDs off The port is not currently in use left LED steady green The port is inserted left LED flashing green The port has been disabled by the management program rig
207. ntinues until the frame is delivered to the final destination 100 291 07 159 Z 2 S 0O S 23 Ma N D m Address Resolution Protocol ARP When a router has determined the IP address of the next hop it must determine the MAC address of the hop to build the MAC header of the frame The router maintains a table of mappings between IP addresses and MAC addresses In a source routing environment the table also includes the RIF for the path to the IP node IP routers and end nodes dynamically maintain the ARP table When a router requires a MAC address for an IP address that is not in the table the router broadcasts an ARP request frame onto the local subnet The end node with the assigned IP address sends the router an ARP response frame containing the MAC address to be used and the router records this in the ARP table The router also learns any corresponding RIF information for the IP node from the ARP response frame ARP tables have associated aging timers which remove entries that have not been referenced for a certain period of time These timers are typically set to ten minutes Routing Information Protocol RIP RIP is one of the routing control protocols used by IP routers to exchange information about the current network topology A router running RIP broadcasts a message every thirty seconds containing information about the router s current routing database The information describes which networks the router kno
208. number The show card tls OSPF setup command displays the currently configured OSPF setup Command gt show card tls lt slot gt OSPF setup Parameter slot Slot number Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The show port leg OSPF setup command displays the currently configured OSPF setup for a leg port Command gt show port leg lt slot gt lt port gt OSPF setup Parameter slot Slot number port Port number C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 305 The show card tls RIP setup command displays the currently configured RIP setup Command gt show card tls lt slot gt RIP setup Parameter slot Slot number The show card tls static routes command displays the currently configured static routes Command gt show card tls lt slot gt static routes Parameter slot Slot number The show card tls all command shows all the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module configuration Command gt show card tls lt slot gt all Parameter slot Slot number The show card tls BOOTPRA servers command shows the BOOTP Relay Agent servers for the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Command gt show card tls lt slot gt BOOTPRA servers Parameter slot Slot number Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The show port leg VRRP setup command shows the VRRP setup for a leg port on the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Command gt show port leg lt slot gt lt port gt VRRP setup Parameter slot Slot number port Po
209. o determine which is the appropriate output port The Ringswitch forwards frames that do not contain routing information using the transparent bridging technique The Ringswitch also uses transparent bridging to forward frames between ports that have the same ring number 144 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Use SRT bridging where all switches and bridges support source route bridging SRT bridging or SRT bridging Ensure that the Spanning Tree process will generate a valid path for all frame types under all conditions Note Some source routing bridges that check the ring number in IBM Spanning Tree protocol frames do not interoperate with the Ringswitch in SRT forwarding modes Spanning Tree Protocol The Ringswitch can use either the IBM or IEEE 802 1D Spanning Tree Protocol to determine the best path for frames when there are multiple path routes in a network The Ringswitch uses a common Spanning Tree process to determine paths between rings for both source route bridging and transparent bridging This means that where multiple paths exist between rings one of the paths will be selected and it will be used for both source route Spanning Tree Explorer STE frames and transparent bridged frames The Spanning Tree protocol is selected as follows the IBM compatible Spanning Tree Protocol is supported widely by source routing bridges and switches If the forwarding mode allows source routing only the Ringswitch uses
210. odule ThisDup The Ringswitch cannot enable the FDDI interface The connection has failed the duplicate address test because there are two ports on the network with the same Locally Administered Address LAA Check the address that is configured for the FDDI interface and the addresses of nodes on the ring 108 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Table 11 19 FDDI port status messages on the LCD panel Message Description OtherDup There are two ports on the network with the same LAA Check the address that is configured for the FDDI interface and the addresses of nodes on the ring StkBypass The Ringswitch cannot enable the FDDI interface The optical bypass is stuck and the Ringswitch is not on the ring 100 291 07 109 ps _ 2 D gt a8 Sa PF oA ox Cc n Chapter 11 Reading status indicators LCD status messages for the ATM Module The LCD panel displays additional status messages when you install an ATM Module ATM interface status messages are described in Table 11 20 The possible values of each item are up down or disa disabled Table 11 20 ATM interface status messages on the LCD panel Message Description Slot lt n gt ATM ATM The location of the card within the Ringswitch the type of Rev XX xx xx card and the hardware revision number 3 1 SONET Down ATM Down SONET Describes the statu
211. odule into any slot of the Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis or into the Smart Ringswitch Express Install the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Fiber Module into any of the bottom three slots of the Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis or into the Smart Ringswitch Express suod YISH 100 291 07 43 Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring ports Selecting the port interface mode The port interface mode affects how the port behaves and determines the devices you can connect to the port Each token ring port on the Ringswitch can act in full duplex node mode or full duplex concentrator port interface mode For information about the port interface modes the Ringswitch provides and how to configure the port interface mode see Appendix G Using the command line interface The default port interface mode of the HSTR module ports on a Ringswitch with a Switch 3 Module installed is listed below Smart Ringswitch 4 Port HSTR Copper Module e the two left hand ports are full duplex nodes e the two right hand ports are full duplex concentrators Smart Ringswitch 2 Port HSTR Fiber Module e the left hand port is a full duplex node e the right hand port is a full duplex concentrator Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Copper Module e the four left hand ports are full duplex nodes e the four right hand ports are full duplex concentrators Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Fiber Module e the four left hand ports are full duplex nodes e the four right hand ports ar
212. ol ARP address associated minutes for each with an IP address connection Netbios Add Name Netbios stations Ensures no When a Netbios Query duplicate name based application is exists loaded Netbios Name Learns the MAC Query address 164 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Active Broadcast Control techniques Active Broadcast Control ABC features enable the Ringswitch to determine where certain types of broadcast frame should be sent This means the Ringswitch can avoid sending those frames elsewhere which reduces the amount of broadcast traffic on the LANs interconnected by the device Note When you enable an ABC filter it applies to all the broadcast traffic received by the Ringswitch You cannot define ABC filters for specific ports or virtual LANs TrueView Ringswitch Manager enables you to configure seven filters that each filter a particular kind of broadcast frame All the ABC filters except for the All Routes Explorer ARE filters apply to all forwarding modes The ARE Filtering and ARE Conversion features only apply to source routed networks i Note You cannot configure ABC techniques using the command line interface gt DO exe 3 E ae S FA 4 100 291 07 165 The ABC filters are listed below together with the abbreviated name that is shown in TrueView Ringswitch Manager e Workstation Ring Filtering e Token Ring ARE Filter AreFilter e Token
213. on The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to start normal boot Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to erase mgmt password Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to load new microcode Continue to hold down the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to erase stored config Release the Reset button The stored configuration is erased 126 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 12 Using the Ringswitch Reset button Forcing the switch to boot from ROM Y You can force the Ringswitch to restart using the boot code stored in Read Only Memory ROM If the current boot code is the same as the code stored in ROM this does not affect the operation of the Ringswitch so the step does not appear in the reset sequence Caution The boot code stored in ROM may not support the same set of features as boot code that has been subsequently downloaded to the Ringswitch uopnq S 4 Before booting from the code stored in ROM check the version that is running on the device by reading the LCD panel or by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager To force the Ringswitch to re boot using the boot code in ROM 1 Press and hold the Reset button The LCD display shows the following message Release reset now to start norma
214. on information comprises e Location e Microcode Group Address e Functional Address If the Ring Station Config Control table has been activated full support is provided for the Ring Station Config Table by each of the RMON modes 210 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Source Routing Statistics Table The Source Routing Statistics Table is gathered from information in each token ring packet The information is valid only in a pure source route bridging environment In a transparent bridging or mixed bridging environment the information may not be accurate NONY ynoqy The source routing statistics apply to a single interface and use the ring number that is configured for the Ringswitch port Make sure you configure a valid ring number for the Ringswitch port Note Ifyou change the ring number for the Ringswitch port disable and re enable the RMON probe to make the Source Routing Statistics Table uses the new number The source routing statistics are e Ring Number e Inand Out Frames e Through Frames e All Routes Broadcast Frames e Single Route Broadcast Frames e Inand Out Octets e Through Octets e All Routes Broadcast Octets e Single Route Broadcast Octets e Local LLC frames e Frames with 1 hop 2 hops through 8 hops e Frames with more than 8 hops 100 291 07 Support for the Source Routing Statistics Table provided by each mode is shown in Table D 4 Table D 7 Mode requirem
215. on the ring Wire The port is configured in node interface mode and a problem exists with the port or the device attached to the port If the port is configured in concentrator interface mode this message does not appear 100 291 07 105 ps _ 2 D gt a8 Sa PF oA ox Cc n Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Table 11 17 Token ring port status messages on the LCD panel Message Description Signal The port is not receiving a valid token ring signal from the ring Check that the cable is not disconnected or broken Beacon The port is configured in node interface mode and the ring to which the port is attached is beaconing If the token ring port is configured in concentrator interface mode there is a problem with the port or with the attached device HardErr A hard error condition exists on the ring to which the port is connected Single The port is the only node on the ring This message does not represent an error condition unless you expect more nodes to appear on the ring 106 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators LCD status messages for the FDDI Module a The LCD panel displays the following information messages when you install a FDDI Module 28 a5 Table 11 18 FDDI port status messages on the LCD panel da O o g Message Description a Slot lt n gt FDDI Rev 0 FDDI The location of the
216. only applies to fiber token ring ports In CAU RI RO interface mode the port behaves like the Ring In RI or Ring Out RO port on a Controlled Access Unit CAU For example it enables you to connect to the RI or RO port of a Madge Smart CAU Plus that has a FTL module installed The FTL module is an optional unit that extends the functionality of the Madge Smart CAU Plus or Madge Smart RAM Plus UTP The FTL module has two female ST optical connectors for connection to the main and backup signal cables Note You should only use the CAU RI RO mode to connect the Ringswitch to the RI or RO port of a Madge Smart CAU Plus To connect the Ringswitch to the access port of a Madge Smart RAM Plus UTP STP with an FTL Module installed use concentrator interface mode The Madge Smart CAU Plus supports dual attachment so you can improve network resilience by installing FTL modules in both the RI and RO ports and connecting the ports to two different Ringswitch devices using fiber optic cable a a io Oa Sg 2 4 gt os 3 go Note Fiber token ring modules do not support the IEEE 802 5c dual reconfiguring ring feature D Note The lobe test cable checking function of token ring is disabled in CAU RI RO mode 100 291 07 39 Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports Table 4 3 describes the devices you can connect to a port in CAU RI RO mode Table 4 3 Fiber port in CAU RIRO interface mode
217. ontinue using the Ringswitch until a replacement is available If the unit is a Smart Ringswitch Plus the fault may indicate the failure of a PSU Module A green LED on the PSU Module indicates that it is working A red LED on the PSU Module indicates that the module is faulty 100 291 07 347 Running the self test program To run the self test program reset the Ringswitch During the self test the system status LED indicates the status of the test as described in Table I 8 Table 1 4 System status LED states during the startup self test LED state Description green The startup self test is running yellow This is a warning condition The Ringswitch failed one or more non critical tests The self test continues automatically after approximately three seconds red The Ringswitch has failed the self test The LCD displays a warning message see Table I 7 for approximately three seconds then the Ringswitch resets and the self test restarts Record the failed test number 348 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Self test procedure When you start up the Ringswitch 1 The program tests the low level hardware functions If the Ringswitch fails the low level self test the self test program halts the startup process the high level functions are not tested If the Ringswitch fails the low level self test contact your customer service representative see the section Reporting
218. ort number 3 D ip address IP address of the VRRP virtual router a 5 D 100 291 07 295 The set port leg VRRP VRTR mac command sets the MAC address of a VRRP virtual router Command gt set port leg lt slot gt lt port gt VRRP VRTR lt ip address gt mac lt word gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number ip address IP address of the VRRP virtual router word MAC address of the VRRP virtual router 296 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The set port leg VRRP VRTR interval command sets the VRRP virtual router advertisement interval and the dead interval in seconds Command gt set port leg lt slot gt lt port gt VRRP VRTR lt ip address gt interval lt number gt dead lt Dnumber gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number ip address IP address of the VRRP virtual router number number of seconds of the VRRP virtual router advertisement interval Dnumber number of seconds of the VRRP virtual router dead interval That is the number of seconds after which if no advertisement is received then the virtual router transitions to backup state The set port leg VRRP VRTR priority command sets the VRRP virtual router priority for becoming master router S 5 Command gt set port leg lt slot gt lt port gt VRRP VRTR lt ip address gt priority lt number gt o 2 Parameter slot Slot number a port Leg port number ip address IP address of the VRRP virtual router number the priority level of the VR
219. p by DTR Express with HSTR Module Port in Node mode mode Ports in Concentrator Server H IEEE 802 5t compliant token ring adapter gt CAD CAM station IEEE 802 5t compliant token ring adapter _ Ports in Concentrator mode CAD CAM station IEEE 802 5t compliant token ring adapter Server IEEE 802 5t compliant token ring adapter 46 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring ports Fast Failover A feature that Madge provides with Ringswitch Software Release 4 0 and later is Fast Failover This provides increased resilience for an HSTR link between two Ringswitches by combining two parallel connections into one Fast Failover link Fast Failover is available in all Madge HSTR modules To use Fast Failover you combine two adjacent ports on an HSTR Module as one Fast Failover link going to two adjacent ports on an HSTR module in a different Ringswitch When you use Fast Failover on the Ringswitch one port is the active port while the other is the standby port If the active port fails the Ringswitch immediately re directs frames over the standby port The failed port now becomes the standby port The switch over takes between one and three seconds which is quick enough to avoid aborts and retries The standby port adopts all the characteristics
220. port to port frame counts a Table 1 1 Traffic Profiling on the Ringswitch Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3 Module Frame type Module Module Ringswitch Express Global source route frame counts Specifically routed frames in out Yes Yes Yes All routes explorer frames in out Yes Yes Yes Single route explorer frames in out Yes Yes Yes Global transparent frame counts Frames in out No Yes Yes Unicast frames in out No No Yes Broadcast frames in out No No Yes Multicast frames in out No No Yes Miscellaneous frames in out No No Yes 100 291 07 7 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Table 1 1 Traffic Profiling on the Ringswitch Pies Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3 Module ryP Module Module Ringswitch Express Global bad frame counter total No No Yes number of discarded frames Equivalent counters per port No No Yes Port to port counters Source route specifically routed No No Yes frames Transparent unicast frames No No Yes Note Miscellaneous frames are frames that do not fall into any other categories for example frames with a destination address that has not yet been learned Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Protocol Filtering The Ringswitch Software Release 3 2 and later support Protocol Filtering You can only configure this feature using T rueVie
221. port to the following MDI X devices e an Ethernet switch e an Ethernet hub By using Ethernet crossover cable you can connect an Ethernet port to the following MDI devices e an Ethernet port on a Smart DeskStream e an Ethernet port on another Ringswitch e a workstation with an Ethernet network adapter 100 291 07 51 Chapter 6 Connecting Ethernet ports Table 6 1 Physical specification for the Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module Copper Interface Ethernet IEEE 802 3 10BASE T and 100BASE TX 10BASE T Cable Type Cat5 UTP Cat3 UTP Connectors Shielded RJ 45 Shielded RJ 45 Port Attributes Auto Negotiation enabled Auto Negotiation disabled Full and Half Duplex Full and Half Duplex Port Speed 10Mbit s or 100Mbit s 10Mbit s Recommended 100m 100m Maximum Cable Length 52 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 6 Connecting Ethernet ports Connecting a Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module to any MDI X device When you connect to a standard hub or standard switch configured and marked with X you must use straight though Twisted Pair TP cable with RJ 45 connectors The cables can be shielded or unshielded we recommend that you use shielded suod jeausayuly A straight though cable is one where the pins of one connector are connected to the same pins of the other connector Table 6 2 Schematic of a straight through cable
222. ports on a Ringswitch For more information about Fast Failover see Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring ports Command gt enable interface ffomode lt slot gt lt port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number The disable interface ffomode command disables Fast Failover on a port Command gt disable interface fiomode lt slot gt lt port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 268 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The show interface ffomode command will display the status of the Fast Failover link Command gt show interface ffomode lt slot gt lt port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number oO fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 269 Configuring FDDI protocol fixups If you have an FDDI Module installed the enable port fixups command enables protocol fixups When protocol fixups are enabled the Ringswitch configures IP and IPX frames by reading the protocol and converting the bit order of embedded MAC addresses from canonical to non canonical or vice versa depending on the direction in which the frame is being bridged For more information about protocol fixups see IP and IPX protocol fixup capabilities in Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module Command gt enable port fixups lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number If you attempt to enable protocol fixups for a token ring port you will see an error message
223. psulation mode The set Ethernet port TRN IPX encapsulation mode command sets the encapsulation type on token ring for all IPX frames forwarded from Ethernet Command gt set Ethernet port TRN IPX encapsulation mode lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 2 3 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Auto 2 IEEE8022 3 SNAP 310 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Setting the Ethernet port Ethernet IPX encapsulation mode The set Ethernet port ETH IPX encapsulation mode command sets the encapsulation type on Ethernet for all IPX frames forwarded from token ring Command gt set Ethernet port ETH IPX encapsulation mode lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 2 3 4 5 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Auto 2 IEEE8022 3 SNAP 4 IEEE8023 5 Ethernet IT DIX oO fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 311 Setting the Ethernet port IPX address The set Ethernet port IPX address command specifies the IPX network number for the port If this is zero then the IPX network number is learned automatically by the Ethernet port Command gt set Ethernet port IPX address lt slot gt lt port gt lt number gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number number IPX network number Setting the Ethernet port IP mode The set Ethernet port IP mode command enables or disables the translational bridging of IP frames Command gt set Ethernet port IP mode lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 2 gt
224. put port run time microcode The software that the Ringswitch needs to enable it to perform switching functions You can download upgrade software to the Ringswitch using TrueView Ringswitch Manager segment mismatch discards SDH If the Ringswitch receives an All Routes Broadcast ARE or Spanning Tree Explorer STE frame where the last ring number in the Routing Information Field RIF does not match the configured ring number it increments the segment mismatch discards counter for the receiving port Segment mismatch discards indicate that there is a bridge switch or server on the same ring segment with a different configured ring number Synchronous Digital Hierarchy A physical framing mode used by the ATM card 100 291 07 377 Single Route Broadcast SRB or Spanning Tree Explorer STE SNMP SONET A communication addressed to all of the LANs on an internetwork or to all the segments of a virtual LAN The Smart Ringswitch buffers each frame into memory then copies it to the token ring switch port subject to defined virtual LANs The token ring switch port updates the frame in memory with its ring number to reflect that the frame has been copied to the attached ring Simple Network Management Protocol A protocol designed to enable network management programs to communicate with MIBs on networked devices Synchronous Optical Network A physical framing mode used by the ATM module during which cells an
225. r for ARP frames and issue an ARP frame before replying to a frame from another station 172 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Netbios ADD_NAME_QUERY retry control NBAdd The Netbios ADD_NAME_QUERY retry control enables you to make the Ringswitch control the forwarding of multiple copies of ADD_NAME_QUERY frames Every station on a network running the Netbios protocol has several names There are two kinds of name e unique names identify individual stations on the network e group names are used to identify groups of stations For example a group name may identify a logical workgroup When stations on a network running the Netbios protocol start up they transmit ADD_NAME_QUERY frames Netbios ID X 01 as STE frames to check that no other station is using the same name To ensure reliability most Netbios implementations transmit multiple copies of the same frame On a large network the STE frames can cause significant traffic particularly if a large proportion of the stations start up simultaneously The Netbios ADD_NAME_QUERY retry control allows the Ringswitch to limit the number of retries issued by a station You can configure the number of retries that are permitted to reduce congestion and maximize network performance gt Da OOQ ae 55 oe ie T D 100 291 07 173 Netbios name caching NBName Beside the ADD_NAME QUERY frame see Netbios ADD_NAME_QUERY retry control NBAdd stations on a net
226. r of Smart Ringswitch TLS Module i port Leg port number p_slot Slot number of physical port p_port Physical port number 100 291 07 281 Enabling and disabling a leg port The enable port leg command enables an individual leg port Command gt enable port leg lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number The disable port leg command disables an individual leg port Command gt disable port leg lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number 282 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring RIP on a leg port By default when you create a leg port RIP is disabled The following commands configure and manage the various aspects of RIPv1 and RIPv2 operation Note If you execute any of the following RIP configuration commands the new configuration takes immediate effect The set port leg RIP receive type command selects the action a leg port performs when it receives a RIP packet Command gt set port leg lt slot port gt RIP receive type lt donotreceive rip1 rip2 rip1 orrip2 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number O donotreceive Do not process any received RIP frames on S this leg port 3 a ript Only process received RIPv1 frames on this 5 leg port P rip2 Only process received RIPv2 frames on this leg port riptorrip2 Process received RIPv1 and RIPv2 frames on this leg port 100 291 07 283 The set port leg RIP send type comman
227. r stations on the LAN Almost all networking protocols use broadcasts to implement operational and administrative mechanisms such as enabling clients to register with servers and allowing networked resources to advertise their services Because LAN switches enable the interconnection of many LAN segments the number of broadcast frames generated on a switched LAN can be high Source routing also uses source route explorer frames which can be replicated when there are multiple paths through a bridged network In a large corporate network designed with considerations such as fault tolerance and load balancing in mind a means of controlling these frames is required to reduce the proportion of bandwidth occupied by broadcast traffic and to minimize the likelihood of broadcast storms 3gv i e gO e z gt ma 100 291 07 163 Table B 1 LAN broadcast protocols Some common broadcast protocols are described in Table B 1 Broadcast protocol Source Purpose Typical frequency Service Advertising NetWare servers Informs other Once per minute Protocol SAP NetWare servers from each server about available services NetWare clients Locates nearest When client shell is server loaded Routing IPX routers Informs other Once per minute Information routers about from each router Protocol RIP network topology Address Resolution IP stations Learns the MAC Once every five Protoc
228. r the ring by using the serial interface or TrueView Ringswitch Manager Port lt slot port gt Open failed Signal loss The Ringswitch failed to connect the token ring port to the ring because the port is not receiving a valid token ring signal from the ring Check that the cable is not disconnected or broken Port lt slot port gt Open failed Duplicate address The Ringswitch failed to connect the token ring port to the ring because there are two ports on the ring with the same Locally Administered Address LAA Check the node addresses of the port and nodes on the ring 338 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Table 1 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel z E e Message Description p 3 3 S Port lt slot port gt Open failed The Ringswitch failed to connect the token ring port to the Ei Beacon on open ring because the ring is beaconing Check your network i connections Port lt slot port gt Open failed The Ringswitch failed to connect the token ring port to the No reply from RPS ring because there is no response from the Ring Parameter Server RPS Check your network management software and ensure that other bridges on your network are functioning correctly Port lt slot port gt Open failed A management program prevented a token ring port from Remove received opening onto the ring because it detected a fault Check the alert event log on the management program Port
229. rame DA SA LENGTH DLC HEADER DATA PAD dSAP sSAP CTRL Figure F5 802 3 Raw IPX frame DA SA LENGTH FF FF rest of IPX HEADER DATA PAD Figure F6 802 3 SNAP frame DA SA LENGTH SNAP HEADER DATA PAD AA AA CTRL OUI TYPE bytes 2 bytes 226 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide An Ethernet frame contains the following fields DA and SA Destination and Source Addresses are each six bytes long and contain the MAC address of the destination and source devices in canonical format The first three bytes indicate the network vendor the last three bytes are specified by the network vendor The source address is always a unicast MAC address The destination address is either unicast multicast group or broadcast all nodes TYPE The Type field is used in Ethernet II formatted frames It specifies the upper layer protocol that is to receive the data Examples are IP uses a value of 0800 ARP uses 0806 RARP uses 8035 and IPX 8137 LENGTH Length indicates the number of bytes of data that follow this field It can be distinguished from a TYPE value because the length field is always less than 0600 hex and TYPE values are always greater m ot gt oO 53 D gt o gt pue Bui u yoL HEADER In an 802 2 format frame the dSAP and sSAP values indicate the higher level protocol for example EO for IPX and FO for Netbios In a SNAP form
230. rames Fail The bridge test for the port has failed Two token ring ports are connected to the same ring or a device with the same bridge number as the Ringswitch exists between two rings that are attached to token ring ports or two ports are configured with the same ring number but cannot correctly form a Source Routing Transparent Plus SRT Ring This could be because one or more ports is not enabled for SRT operation or because the Ringswitch is not globally enabled for SRT operation 102 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators The LCD displays the transparent status messages shown in Table 9 11 a Table 11 15 Transparent status messages on the LCD panel 2 a 8 we o Message Description S S m on Disa Transparent bridging is disabled Lis The port is listening to prepare to forward frames using transparent bridging It is not yet learning addresses because the spanning tree topology may be undergoing change Lea The port is learning addresses to prepare to forward frames using transparent bridging Fwd The port is forwarding frames using transparent bridging Down Transparent bridging is enabled but the port interface is disabled Blk The port is blocking because the spanning tree protocol detected a parallel path 100 291 07 103 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators The LCD displays the token ring port interface mo
231. requires fewer alterations than IPX translation during bridging between Ethernet and token ring domains As token ring frames can support a larger MTU frame size than Ethernet the Translational Bridge can use IP fragmentation to split up a token ring frame into one or more Ethernet frames using the maximum of 1500 bytes that an Ethernet network can support An IP frame has a single bit in its header which informs a device whether or not to fragment the frame If a frame cannot be fragmented then the Translational Bridge sends an ICMP message back to the originator to tell it the maximum frame size it can use ARP RARP BOOTP and DHCP frames contain embedded MAC addresses within the frame Therefore the Translational Bridge recognizes these frames and fixes up all the embedded MAC addresses m ot gt oO 53 D gt o gt pue Bui u yol 100 291 07 231 IPX Translational Bridging In most networks IPX over token ring uses 802 2 format it can also use SNAP format Ethernet may use one of three formats 802 2 802 3 or Ethernet II To use one of these formats on token ring and one on Ethernet you must configure the Translational Bridge It will then convert between these formats Some IPX based protocols use MAC addresses embedded within the data field This makes the task of conversion to the correct frame type extremely complex In most NetWare Server applications the MAC addresses are held in the IPX header and allow Translational
232. riority lt slot port gt Use normal token priority handling mechanism gt show interface alternate priority lt slot port gt Show which token priority handling mechanism is in use If enabled the switch port uses a different token priority handling mechanism Some other token ring devices do not interoperate with the Ringswitch when lowering the token priority This alternative method fixes the incompatibility C fe 3 D gt 2 5 gt enable interface frame status setting lt slot port gt Set the frame status bits of transparently forwarded frames gt disable interface frame status setting lt slot port gt Do not alter the frame status bits of transparently forwarded frames 100 291 07 265 Table G 3 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Copper Module Command Description gt show interface frame status setting lt slot port gt Show how the frame status bits are dealt with for transparent frames Certain applications expect the Frame Status Address Recognized and Frame Copied bits to be set on transparently forwarded frames This can be enabled by this command but it only applies to TRP123 cards 266 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring the token ring port error timer The set port softerr timer command sets the value of the Soft Error Report Timer Value that the Ringswitch token ring port provides to other stations when it is configured to act as a Ring
233. rms translational bridging between the token ring and Ethernet segments With a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module and a Switch 3 Module installed the Ringswitch can also route IP traffic Z 2 S nO S 23 oa no D m 100 291 07 129 To support Transparent Bridging Source Route Transparent Bridging or Source Route Transparent Plus Bridging the Ringswitch must have a Switch 2 or Switch 3 Module installed To support routing between these bridging environments the Ringswitch must have a Switch 3 Module and a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module installed For information about finding out the type of Switch Module hardware you have in your Ringswitch see Identifying the type of Switch Module hardware in Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Note If you mix Source Route Bridging and Transparent Bridging in the same network configure all Ringswitches and their modules to support SRT or SRT bridging 130 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide About token ring switching Bridges and This section describes the benefits of token ring switching and how the Ringswitch performs cut through switching to forward frames without incurring excessive latency or making the network difficult to administer This section also describes some broadcast control features that will improve network performance routers Large token ring Local Area Networks LANs are divided into smaller rings usually by the u
234. rnet port IP mode 312 set Ethernet port IP multicast mode 313 set Ethernet port IPX address 312 set Ethernet port IPX mode 309 set Ethernet port RIF cache cleared 315 set Ethernet port speed negotiation mode 308 set Ethernet port STP encapsulation mode 314 set Ethernet port TRN IPX encapsulation mode 310 set Ethernet port VLAN ID 314 set Ethernet port VLAN tagging mode 313 set port atm elan 273 set port forwarding 260 set port hop count 262 set port ifmode 257 set port ifspeed 258 set port leg IP address 279 set port leg IP MTU 280 set port leg IP multicast over addresses 280 set port leg IP subnet mask 279 set port leg OSPF area id 290 set port leg OSPF cost 291 set port leg OSPF interval hello dead 292 xii Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide set port leg OSPF priority 291 set port leg RIP flags 285 set port leg RIP receive type 283 set port leg RIP send type 284 set port leg RIPv2 authentication 287 set port leg VRRP VRTR interval 297 set port leg VRRP VRTR mac 296 set port leg VRRP VRTR priority 297 set port master 261 set port path cost 264 set port segment 259 set port softerr timer 267 set port spanning tree mode 263 set port tb force 261 show bridge characteristics 249 show bridge counters 249 show bridge status 248 show card atm interface 277 show card tls all 306 show card tls BOOTPRA servers 306 show card tls OSPF areas 304 show card tls OSPF setup 304 show card tls RIP setup
235. rs LCD status messages for Fast Failover on HSTR modules The LCD panel displays additional status messages when you configure a Fast Failover link on an HSTR module There are two LCD screens which display Fast Failover information The first screen displays bridging information the second displays information for the standby port D _ 2 a8 ga EF oA ox Cc n Status messages regarding bridging information for the Fast Failover link are described in Table 11 24 Status messages regarding information for the standby port in the Fast Failover link are described in Table 11 25 Table 11 24 Bridging information for the Fast Failover link Message Description S P SR nnn FwdS TB Fwd S Slot number nn Active P_status FFO P Port number SR nnn Fwds The source route forwarding mode number of the ring attached to the port and the status see Table 11 14 TB Fwd The transparent status of the port see Table 11 15 nn The total port number Active Indicates that this LCD display is giving you information about the active link P_status Port status See Table 11 17 for port statuses FFO Indicates the Fast Failover link 100 291 07 115 Chapter 11 Reading status indicators Table 11 25 Standby port information for the Fast Failover link Message Description S P Active Q L_status S Slot number StandbyPort status FFO P amp Q Port numbers in the
236. rt number oO fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 307 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module If you have a Smart Ringswitch 2 Port Ethernet Module installed you can use additional commands to configure of the card Setting the Ethernet port speed The set Ethernet port speed negotiation mode command sets the speed at which an Ethernet port will attempt a successful link with another Ethernet interface Command gt set Ethernet port speed negotiation mode lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 2 3 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Auto 2 10Mbps 3 100Mbps 308 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Setting the Ethernet port duplex mode The set Ethernet port duplex negotiation mode command sets the duplex mode at which an Ethernet port will attempt a successful link with another Ethernet interface Command gt set Ethernet port duplex negotiation mode lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 2 3 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Auto 2 Half duplex mode 3 Full duplex mode Setting the Ethernet port IPX mode The set Ethernet port IPX mode command enables or disables the translational bridging of IPX frames Command gt set Ethernet port IPX mode lt slot gt lt port gt lt 1 2 gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number 1 Enable 2 Disable 100 291 07 309 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 Setting the Ethernet port token ring IPX enca
237. s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 8 4 C 2 As6 E 1 9 5 D 3 BI 7 F 228 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Note Some byte values such as 3C 7E and EE remain the same after conversion between the two i formats By using six of the bytes that stay the same you can specify a Locally Administered Address LAA which is the same on Ethernet and token ring LAAs like this are known as palindromic addresses They can be useful for such devices as directly attached IPX printers which can otherwise cause problems in translationally bridged networks Translational Bridging To ensure that the correct frame formats for both token ring and Ethernet are transmitted by a Translational Bridge the bridge itself must perform a number of conversions and alterations to the received frame The exact changes necessary depend upon whether the frame is received from an Ethernet or a token ring network and on whether the token ring network is using source routing m f gt gt D gt oO pue Sul u yoL Frame conversion within the Translational Bridge The Translational Bridge may do the following processes Add or remove the token ring AC and FC bytes Fix up bit swap the destination and source MAC addresses Add or remove the Ethernet type or 802 3 length field Remove or add the correct Routing Information Field RIF Modify the frame encapsulation and do various
238. s The port type determines whether the port operates in classic half duplex or full duplex mode and whether the port operates in Node or Concentrator interface mode 254 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Note In most conditions configure the port type to be Automatic Node or Automatic Concentrator depending on the device you connect to the port The port will determine whether to use full duplex mode by communicating with the connected device If the port fails to resolve the port type in this way force the port type to be classic or full duplex The port interface modes are described in Table G 2 Table G 2 Interface modes for token ring ports Interface mode Description Classic Node The port behaves like an adapter card in classic half duplex mode and inserts into the connected device Classic The port behaves like a LAM port in classic half duplex mode and detects Concentrator when the connected device attempts to insert Full Duplex Node The port behaves like an adapter card and provides a full duplex or DTR connection Full Duplex Concentrator The port behaves like a LAM port and provides a full duplex or DTR connection Automatic Node The port behaves like an adapter card and determines whether to operate in classic or full duplex mode by communicating with the connected device 100 291 07 c fe 3 3 D SD ror 5 TableG 2 Interf
239. s SoftErrorReports 100 291 07 197 NONY ynoqy Restrictions to the Segment Statistics group in the All Frames to Address mode In the All Frames to Address mode some frames that are forwarded to the Ringswitch are not passed to the probe for the ring to which they have been forwarded For example RMON is enabled for ports 1 ring 401 and port 2 ring 402 in the All Frames to Address mode The snoop address is set to OOOOF65E02F 1 This means frames addressed to or coming from that address that are received by the Ringswitch are to be passed to the RMON probe for processing The Ringswitch forwards the following four frames from port 1 to port 2 1 Source routed frame Source address O0000F65E02F 1 Destination address Any address Routing information 0600 401 1 402 0 The frame appears on rings 401 and 402 The frame is passed to the RMON probe for source ring 401 only 2 Transparent bridged frame Source address 0000F65E02F1 Destination address Any address 198 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The frame appears on rings 401 and 402 The frame is passed to the RMON probe for source gt ring 401 only o a f D Single Route Broadcast SRB frame Z Source address 0000F65E02F1 Destination address Any address Routing information C270 The frame is passed to the RMON probe for both source ring 401 and destination ring 402 The frame that is passed to the RMON probe for the dest
240. s and discards for all frames Command Parameter Example gt show port counters lt slot port gt slot Slot number port Port number Bytes Transmitted Bytes Received Specifically Routed Frames Transmitted Specifically Routed Frames Received All Routes Explorer Frames Received All Routes Explorer Frames Transmitted Spanning Tree Explorer Frames Received Spanning Tree Explorer Frames Transmitted Receiving Segment Mismatch Discards Duplicate Segment Mismatch Discards ARE Hop Count Exceeded Discards Transparent bridged Frames Transmitted Transparent bridged Frames Received 2 076 520 710 2 254 416 704 6 103 083 12 348 042 1 35 3 796 9 623 0 2 0 8 627 458 15 559 074 100 291 07 321 C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 322 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide AppendixH Features of previous software releases Features supported by Software Release 4 0 Ringswitch Software Release 4 0 supports the Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis and the Smart Ringswitch Express and introduces support for the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port Fiber Module the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Copper Module and the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port HSTR Fiber Module Ringswitch Software Release 4 0 introduces 18K frame support Fast Failover for HSTR ports and Ethernet LEC for the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module Note To identify files containing boot code and run time microcode
241. s an IP address from a range of possible addresses For reliable operation make sure the Ringswitch uses a fixed entry and always acquires the same IP address from the DHCP server The enable dhcp command enables DHCP support Command gt enable dhcp The disable dhcp command disables DHCP support C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 Command gt disable dhcp 100 291 07 241 Selecting the maximum frame size mode O lt The Ringswitch offers two maximum frame size modes 4 5K and 18K enabling you to choose the maximum frame size which best suits your network requirements When you select to use 18K mode on a Ringswitch it applies to all the modules in the Ringswitch see below Caution Changing the Ringswitch maximum frame size causes the Ringswitch to reboot Note When the Ringswitch is in 18K mode all 4Mbps ports will be disabled The IEEE standard does not allow 4Mbps links to support frame sizes greater than 4 5K The Ringswitch LCD will display the message Unsupported Ring Speed for those 4Mbps ports that are enabled Note Only ATM cards with code versions greater than or equal to 3 09 00 will operate in 18K mode All other ATM cards with code versions less than this will be disabled The Ringswitch LCD will display the message No open Note The Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module only supports frame sizes of 4 5K If you select to use 18K mode on a Ringswitch containing an FDDI Modul
242. s are changed from non canonical token ring to canonical Ethernet 3 If the packet contains a Routing Information Field RIF it must be removed because Ethernet uses transparent bridging The RIF is removed and cached alongside the source MAC address 4 The frame is changed to the correct frame type and other specific Ethernet requirements are met See Appendix F for details 5 The MAC address now in canonical format is extracted and resolved to an ATM address of a LEC in either an ATM endestation or in a transparent bridge edge device A LEC indicates that it is part of a transparent bridge by registering as a proxy device 6 The resolution of a MAC address is performed by the LES Upon joining an ELAN a LEC registers with the LES indicating its ATM and MAC address At registration a LEC can also indicate that it is a transparent bridge by registering as a proxy 7 Ifan SVC does not already exist the LEC creates an SVC between itself and the destination ATM address gt oo z z 2 a O y SULINBIJUOD 100 291 07 75 Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module 8 The Ethernet packet is encapsulated and passed down to the SAR layer which splits the packet down into multiple 53 byte cells and transmits the individual cells 9 Atthe destination the cells are re assembled and the reconstituted packet passed to the LEC where it is de encapsulated If the destination MAC address is that of the LEC
243. s in the network are detected and removed by automatically blocking the required number of ports on one or more switches However the Ringswitch can be configured to override the standard Spanning Tree Protocol settings to extend the scope of Transparent Virtual LANS in cases where the network topology is thoroughly understood Warning Do not attempt to override the Spanning Tree Protocol unless you understand thoroughly A the topology of the network Misconfiguration can lead to the creation of duplicate paths between Ringswitches which can flood the network with broadcast frames causing endstations to become unstable or crash Therefore the override options are not suitable for networks that undergo constant change or that are not under the strict control of the Network Manager Zz 2 Z aS S 23 Da N n m 100 291 07 151 Path cost The Spanning Tree Protocol has a weighting mechanism used to determine the optimum path for forwarding traffic If there is a parallel path in a network where one is an HSTR link and the other a 16Mbit link it is important that the HSTR link is chosen by the spanning tree to forward the frames This is done by lowering its path cost In software releases before Release 3 3 the default spanning tree path cost was 100 In Release 3 3 and above Madge has added a new feature called Auto Path Cost To configure this use Trueview and enable Automatically select cost in the Spa
244. s of the SONET Synchronous Optical ILMI Down SIG Auto Dow NETwork ATM physical link layer SDH Describes the status of the SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ATM physical link layer ATM Describes the status of the ATM interface ILMI Describes the status of the Interim Local Management Interface ILMI SIG Auto Describes the status of the automatically selected signalling version SIG 3 0 Describes the status of the ATM User to Network Interface UNI signalling version 3 0 SIG 3 1 Describes the status of the ATM User to Network Interface UNI signalling version 3 1 110 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 11 Reading status indicators The LCD also displays information about each of the LECs currently supported by the module a These are described in Table 11 21 zg Table 11 21 ATM LEC status messages on the LCD panel 8 a8 Message Description D Slot lt n gt ATM ATM The location of the card within the Ringswitch the Rev xx XX XX type of card and the hardware revision number 3 1 SR 409 Fwds TB Disa 3 1 The slot and LEC number of the ATM port 09 xxx Jackson SR 409 Fwds The forwarding mode number of the ring attached to the port and the source routing status see Table 11 14 TB Disa The transparent status of the port see Table 11 15 09 The total port number LEC status The status can be either Fault Closed or Opening If the display reads Opening it wi
245. s those for the Segment Statistics group shown in Table D 1 Alarms MIB object ID mib 2 16 3 The Alarms group periodically takes statistical samples from variables in the probe and compares them to previously configured thresholds If the monitored variable crosses a threshold an event is generated The group consists of the Alarm Table and requires implementation of the Events MIB object ID mib 2 16 9 group 200 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Support for this group depends on the alarmVariable that has been set The alarmVariable is any one of the MIB variables provided by the RMON probe to determine the RMON mode requirements for specific MIB variables refer to the other groups To set an alarmVariable the alarmVariable must exist within the RMON probe For example if the alarmVariable is to be set to tokenringMLStatsBeaconEvents the MLStats table must be present NONY ynoqy Host Table MIB object ID mib 2 16 4 0 The Host Table contains information associated with each host discovered on the network The group discovers hosts on the network by keeping a list of source and destination MAC addresses found in good packets promiscuously received from the network The Host Table group contains the Host Control Table and the Host Time Table The Host Control Table controls which interfaces the function is performed on and contains some information about the process For each host data is collected on an interfa
246. sable dhcp 241 disable interface 253 275 disable interface alternate priority 265 disable interface ffomode 268 disable interface frame status setting 265 disable port fixups 270 disable port lec 274 disable port leg 282 disable port leg BOOTPRA 293 disable rarp 240 E enable 18k frames support 243 enable bootp 241 enable card tls OSPF 302 enable dhcp 241 enable interface 253 274 enable interface alternate priority 265 enable interface ffomode 268 enable interface frame status setting 265 enable port fixups 270 100 291 07 xi enable port lec 274 enable port leg 282 enable port leg BOOTPRA 293 enable rarp 240 P port leg RIP advertise 288 R remove card tls BOOTPRA server 294 remove card tls OSPF area id 302 remove card tls RIP neighbor 298 remove card tls static route 303 remove port leg RIP advertise 288 remove port leg RIP reject 289 remove port leg subnet group port 281 remove port leg VRRP VRTR ip 295 S set bridge forwarding 245 set bridge gateway 239 set bridge hop limit 264 set bridge ip address 238 set bridge name 237 set bridge number 246 set bridge password 238 set bridge root priority 246 set bridge subnet 238 set card atm lecs 271 set card atm mode 273 set card atm uni 272 set card tls BOOTPRA server name 294 set card tls OSPF router id 300 set card tls RIP flags 299 set Ethernet port duplex negotiation mode 309 set Ethernet port ETH IPX encapsulation mode 311 set Ethe
247. se of bridges and routers because the number of stations that can be connected to any single ring is limited Furthermore since stations must contend for the token with other stations on the same ring attaching fewer stations to a ring gives each one a greater number of opportunities to transmit and receive information The traditional method of connecting multiple token ring networks is by using a source routing bridge For example bridges are often used to link workgroup rings to the backbone ring However the introduction of the bridge can significantly reduce performance at the user s workstation In Figure A 1 Bridges 2 and 3 that connect local rings to the backbone ring reduce the performance of Rings 123 and 024 that access Server A Further problems may be introduced by aggregate traffic loading on the backbone ring 100 291 07 131 Z 2 S 0O S 23 oa no D ma Figure A I Bridges connecting local rings to a backbone ring ps Server A Z oe ff S _ _ 3 I occ m e Backbone c Loc im a lod fod LEE E g ring 5 cg EE q gt m E J j Bridge 1 i A Bridg
248. se the module s microcode must be upgraded before the interface can be enabled For further troubleshooting information refer to Table I 2 on page 336 If a card is reported as Can t boot the card in this slot then it must be moved to one of the top three slots before new code can be downloaded to it 250 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring ports When you have configured the Ringswitch the next step is to enable the ports and set up the interface mode ring number ring speed forwarding mode and Spanning Tree parameters for each port Identifying ports A bridging port is a channel which the Ringswitch forwards data to or from A physical interface is the Ringswitch s logical connection to a particular physical network There may be more than one bridge port per physical interface For example each ATM module consists of a single physical interface but may connect to a number of different emulated LANs each of which will have its own bridging port on the switch The serial management interface refers to both bridging ports and physical interfaces using a two level method The first number represents the slot number of the module and the second number represents the offset of the port or interface within this module On token ring and FDDI modules where there is only one bridge port per physical interface the bridge port number for each port is the same as the physical interface number For example the command en
249. sed down to the SAR layer which splits the packet down in to multiple 53 byte cells and transmits the individual cells 7 At the destination the cells are re assembled and the reconstituted packet passed to the LEC where it is de encapsulated If the destination MAC address is that of the LEC then the packet is passed to the higher layer software for decoding and processing If the LEC is part of an edge device then the packet is forwarded to another port on the device The maximum frame size that can be bridged from token ring to ATM is 18k which includes the RIF The ATM module can support up to 16 LECs each of which acts as a separate bridge port to the ATM network within the Ringswitch The ATM adapter does not provide any LANE services For more information on LANE see the section LAN Emulation Fundamentals later in this chapter 74 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 9 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch ATM Module Detail on Ethernet LANE Figure 94 ATM Ethernet LANE frame format LE DA SA TYPE DATA ETHERNET AAL5 CTRL LGTH CRC LENGH PAD PAD Figure 9 5 Token ring frame format SDEL AC FC DA SA RIF DATA FCS EDEL FS The bridging process from token ring to ATM networks running Ethernet LANE can be summarized as follows 1 The token ring frame is passed down to the LEC 2 The destination and source MAC addres
250. seeeeeecsessecaseeesensecneenes 12 Identifying the type of Switch Module hardware ce eeecsecseeseseceeceeeeeeseesesseeaeseeseeseeneeaes 15 Chapter 2 Configuring the Rites witch cecereccsshdsisedesceteceedeateshsdeteteseateseegetdea teides e e e 17 Preparing to use TrueView Ringswitch Device Managet ou eeesesesseeseeeeeeeeceeceeseeeecneeaes 17 Chapter 3 Gonne cting tokem rine ports sii aeed dented Ear E A a a a liee debate 23 Selecting the port interface Modei tinirima i eaaa iiaii ai 24 Connecting devices nuiia varira aiiin ad aa a e a a a aa a aa aA 24 Chapter 4 Connecting fiber token ring ports ose eeeecsseceseesececeseeseaeeseecsaeseeseeseceecaeeseeaecaseneeecsaseasaes 31 Selecting the port interface MOC cee ssesecsececeeceseceseecenesseseescesecseeacessesecaceaceaesaeeesenseaeeaes 32 Connecting devicesyinit usted ani nant aed daa ae edad Geet 33 Chapter 5 Connecting high speed token ring Ports eee eseeeeseeseeeceececescesessecaseaessesaeeaeeecsecaaeeesecneeaee 43 Selecting the port interface MOC ce tare iEn EE RR A R AA 44 Fast Bailover ist n de eed nai e e a r e e a a e dea aee N aeaa N 47 Tro bleshootin t niuyneim elas a a E A a eN Tiai 49 100 291 07 v Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Connecting Ethernet ports is cesicus asad aed es aE AEREA AAAA A ANNE 51 Connecting portsys whitest antec aa ena iaee acd aie A E A wees 51 Port intertace attributes ncetieilani nied ei a
251. software was released Flash Token Ring Switch The Ringswitch is starting up with a flash boot 2 00 10 08 96 14 45 upgrade that has been downloaded to the switch During the self test the LCD may display the messages shown in Table I 6 Table 1 6 LCD display during self test Startup stage LED Description System Self Test Running green Displays the number of each stage in the Test lt test number gt self test Normally the tests are carried out too quickly for the numbers to be visible Test lt test number gt Failed red The specified test caused the lt additional information gt Ringswitch to fail the self test 350 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Table 1 6 LCD display during self test Startup stage LED Description Test lt test number gt Warning lt additional information gt yellow A non critical test such as a fan failure was found The self test continues automatically after approximately three seconds 100 291 07 351 3 E D o fe fe ad 5 y When the self test is complete the LCD may display the messages shown in Table I 7 Table I 7 LCD display after completion of self test Startup stage LED Description System Self Test PASSED green Indicates that the self test is complete and the Ringswitch has passed the test System Self Test Failed yellow Indicates that you have s
252. ssecsesseeeeeseeseeeceeceseseeseceecneeseesesaeeatees 324 Features supported by Software Release 3 2 oe esesssecsesseeeesseeseeececeseseeseceecneeaeeseeaeeaeees 326 Features supported by Software Release 3 1 oe ceeeesecsesseeeesseeseeeeeeceseseeseceecaeeseesesaeeaeees 327 Features supported by Software Release 3 0 ceeeesscseseeecsseeeeeeceeceseseeseceecneeseesesaeeasees 328 Features supported by Software Release 2 1 oe ceeeesecsesseeeesseeseeececeseseeseceecneeseesesaeeatees 329 Features supported by Software Release 2 0 cece csesesecsssseeeeeseeseeeceeceseseesecsecaeeaeesesaeeatees 329 Features supported by Software Release 1 4 oii cceeesecsesseeeesseeseseceeceseneeseceecneeseesesaeeaeees 331 Features supported by Software Release 1 3 occ eeeeesscseseeeesseeseeececeaeseesecnecaeeaeesesaeeatees 332 Features supported by Software Release 1 2 ceeeeesecsesseeeeeseeseeececeaeseeseceecneeseeseeasensees 333 Features supported by Software Release 1 1 eee eeeesecseeseeeeeseeeeeeceeceeeseeseceecneeseesesaeeatees 334 Features supported by Software Release 1 0 eeeeesecseseeeceseeseeeceeceaesceseceecaeeseeseeaseaeees 334 Appendix I Eroubleshootinpesiscccic4 non aici each edad eta densi nd a ded anette Giese 335 Troubleshooting messages on the LCD panel ou cece eceeeneeseeseeseceeeeeeseaeeeeeeceecneeenseenees 335 Troubleshooting hardware faults 00 cscs eescsseeeseceecesesceeceecaeeseesessecasenessesaseaesecseceaeenseseeed 347 Troubles
253. sses The list comprises all the local hosts on the interface For entries of a host address other than the Ringswitch port the in counters do not increment and the out counters only count frames that the host has sent to the broadcast functional or Ringswitch address For entries that contain the Ringswitch port address as the host address the statistics include all MAC traffic address to or destined for the Ringswitch All Frames to Address Provides the same support as MAC Frames Only mode and includes the hosts that are communicating with the specified address depending on the location of the host If the host is local all out counters are accurate but the in counters do not include certain frames forwarded from the snoop address onto the local ring 100 291 07 203 NONY ynoqy Host TopN MIB object ID mib 2 16 5 The Host TopN group is an extension of the host table where the information is sorted into a list For instance the group provides the top ten stations transmitting data and a list of stations generating network errors sorted by the number of errors generated All the base statistics are available over an interval specified by the management station The group consists of the Host TopN Control Table and the Host TopN Table The mode requirements are the same as those for the Host group shown in Table D 4 except that All Frames to Address mode cannot support the
254. tarted the Overridden by user Ringswitch by overriding the self test For information about overriding the self test see Overriding a self test failure System Self Test Failed red A test failed and the self test was halted Unit Resetting The LCD displays the message for approximately three seconds then the Ringswitch resets and the self test restarts 352 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Isolating faults If the Ringswitch fails the high level self test you can override the self test failure to start up the Ringswitch Use the information provided by the LCD and LEDs to determine whether you can continue using the Ringswitch until a replacement unit is available For information about overriding a self test failure see Overriding a self test failure Once the startup self test is complete the system status LED indicates the status of the test as described in Table 1 8 3 E D o fe fe ad 5 y Table I 8 System status LED states after the startup self test LED state Description green The Ringswitch is operating normally yellow This is a warning condition The Ringswitch failed the system self test but the system self test has been overridden by the user The Ringswitch may not operate as expected 100 291 07 353 To isolate the cause of a self test failure 1 Check the LCD panel If the Ringswitch fails on a test number less than 110
255. ternal fault the bypass switch routes incoming frames directly to the output line by connecting the inbound medium to the outbound medium without forwarding the frames to the isolated FDDI Module This means that dual ring operation continues without requiring the neighboring stations to reconfigure the FDDI ring g z z fa a D 100 291 07 63 Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module Bridging and the FDDI Module The FDDI Module supports standard source route transparent bridging between 802 5 token ring and FDDI There is no conversion performed between source routed and transparent frame formats To allow connectivity between FDDI stations and token ring stations across the Ringswitch configure all the communicating stations to support source routing or transparent frame formats as appropriate Token ring and FDDI have different rules for frame format and frame size so the Ringswitch converts the frame format when passing a frame from one type of network to the other Figure 8 2 Token ring and FDDI frame formats FDDI frame PA SDEL FC DA SA RIF DATA FCS EDEL FS SDEL AC FC DA SA RIF DATA FCS EDEL FS Token Ring frame 64 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Chapter 8 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch FDDI Module When bridging from token ring to FDDI networks the Ringswitch converts the fram
256. th Africa 0800 991013 France 0800 90 82 50 South Korea 00 798 611 4025 Germany 00 800 8688 2800 Spain 900 974412 Hong Kong 800 933 127 Sweden 020 793127 toll free to Australia Indonesia 00 180 361403 Switzerland French 0800 55 6432 Israel 177 440 2530 Switzerland German 0800 55 1057 Italy 800 1678 72092 Taiwan 00 8061 1250 Japan 00 3161 6481 Thailand 001 800 611 4022 Latin South America 1 408 955 0970 United Kingdom 0345 125539 Indicates local telephone numbers where the calls are charged at the normal rate 367 n E Ke O e a 4 9 gt Q gt O o 368 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Glossary All Routes Broadcast ARB or All Routes Explorer ARE A communication that is addressed to all of the LANs on an internetwork or to all the segments of a virtual LAN The Smart Ringswitch buffers each frame into memory then copies it to each token ring switch port Each token ring switch port updates the Routing Information Field RIF of the frame in memory with the bridge number and ring number to reflect that the frame has been copied to the attached ring backbone network A network that connects several different networks together often using a high speed networking technology such as Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI or Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM beaconing A warning signal that a token ring station sends to
257. the IBM Spanning Tree Protocol the IEEE 802 1D Spanning Tree Protocol is backwardly compatible with most devices that support the IBM protocol but supports transparent and SRT forwarding modes If the forwarding mode is transparent SRT or SRT the Ringswitch uses the IEEE Spanning Tree Protocol 100 291 07 145 Zz 2 aS S 23 Da N a m Simple Spanning Tree operation If there are two bridges connecting the same two LANs for example to provide network resilience the Spanning Tree Algorithm STA ensures that duplicate frames do not appear see Figure A 7 When the network becomes active bridge ports exchange Spanning Tree messages to establish which bridge will become the root bridge When the root bridge is established one port of the bridges that occur in a duplicate path is put into the blocked state to prevent the duplicate connection Bridge ports that are not in a duplicate path are put into the forwarding state When the network is running all bridges periodically exchange messages to verify the integrity of the network configuration If the root bridge moves into the disabled state or is removed from the network the process to establish the root bridge restarts The bridges on the network reconfigure and remain in a stable and valid configuration The reconfiguration of the spanning tree may cause a loss of connectivity for a short period of time as ports move from the blocking state through to the
258. the configuration of logical workgroups known as virtual LANs Virtual LANs enable you to control the forwarding of broadcast frames on a network with distributed servers Note You cannot configure virtual LANs by editing MIBs from an SNMP MIB browser By defining virtual LANs you can e reduce the proportion of bandwidth occupied by broadcast traffic and the possibility of broadcast storms e create a logical network structure that is independent of the actual physical layout to make future moves and changes easier to support e improve network security The Ringswitch supports the configuration of virtual LANs that apply to source routed frames and a different kind of virtual LAN that applies to transparent bridged frames Note The proprietary implementation of virtual LANs in the Ringswitch software may not be interoperable with other implementations of virtual LANs 100 291 07 gt S Cc S S 3 v Source routing virtual LANs Source routing virtual LANs are defined for the whole network and can span one or more Ringswitch devices A virtual LAN consists of two or more token ring segments that are joined by Ringswitch devices where stations can only make connections to other stations or servers that are part of the same virtual LAN The result is that broadcast traffic originating on any ring is only received by stations on rings that belong to the same virtual LAN This means that service adv
259. tion about the name bridge number IP addresses and Spanning Tree parameters configured for the Ringswitch The command also displays version numbers for the hardware and software components and information about the number of frames and bytes that the Ringswitch receives transmits and discards C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 247 Show bridge status displays the Spanning Tree parameters of the Ringswitch and the version numbers of Ringswitch hardware and software components The show port status command shows the information for a specific port Command gt show bridge status Example Spanning Tree Bridge ID 00006F7A0803 Spanning Tree Designated Root Priority 32768 Spanning Tree Designated Root 00006F7A0803 Software Version 2 00 00 Boot EPROM Version 1 04 06 System Self Test Version 2 00 00 Boot Flash Version 2 01 00 Switch Hardware Version 3 01 22 Switch Software Version 1 03 29 MAC Software Version 2 09 00 Chassis Version 1 00 00 CPU Card Hardware Version 2 00 00 TRN Port Card Version 1 00 00 TRN Port Card Version 1 00 00 248 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide The show bridge characteristics command displays information about the name bridge number and IP addresses configured for the Ringswitch The show port characteristics command shows the information for a specific port Command gt show bridge characteristics Example Bridge Name Ringswitch A Bridge Number 1 IP Addr
260. tom drive signal that is generated when the connected device inserts 100 291 07 371 cut through The technique by which the Smart Ringswitch starts to forward a frame on the output port before the entire frame is received into memory Cut through switching incurs considerably less inter station latency than the store and forward technique associated with bridges and routers Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC A check to ensure that the data in a frame is not corrupted Bridges and routers perform a CRC on incoming data and typically discard corrupted frames Emulated LAN ELAN An Emulated LAN ELAN is a collection of services which enables legacy LAN applications to use an ATM transport medium transparently allowing existing Ethernet and Token Ring LANs to communicate with ATM end stations FTL module The Fiber Trunk Link FTL module is an optional unit that extends the functionality of the Madge Smart CAU Plus or Madge Smart RAM STP The FTL module has two female ST optical connectors for connection to the main and backup signal cables The FTL module enables you to connect the Ring In or Ring Out port of a Madge Smart CAU Plus to a fiber token ring port on the Smart Ringswitch Fault Finding The process by which a port detects and isolates a node causing continuous beaconing or if the node is in the claim token process continuously Only applicable when a GroupSwitch is in 5 port hub mode 372 Smart Ringswitch Family
261. ue to a problem with the LECS LEC lt slot port gt Open failed Insufficient memory The ATM module has insufficient memory TLS messages Slot lt n gt TLS Unsupported in slots 1 3 The location of a disabled Smart Ringswitch TLS Module within the Ringswitch The module is not supported in slots 1 3 of the Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis Slot lt n gt TLS 2nd TLS card unsupported The location of a disabled Smart Ringswitch TLS Module within the Ringswitch Multiple Smart Ringswitch TLS Modules are not supported Remove all but one of the Smart Ringswitch TLS Modules 346 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Troubleshooting hardware faults This section describes how to diagnose isolate and recover from hardware faults If a fault can be isolated to a module or port you can override the self test and continue using the Ringswitch until a replacement is available When you start up the Ringswitch or reset the device the resident self test program automatically checks that the Ringswitch is operating correctly If the Ringswitch fails the self test the information on the LCD and LEDs enables you to isolate the cause of a fault and determine whether you can continue using the Ringswitch until a replacement is available 3 z D o fe fe ad 5 y Caution Ifa cooling fan inside the Ringswitch fails the fault is reported on the LCD but the self y test is not halted You can c
262. ule leg port The create port leg command creates a new leg port on a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Command gt create port leg lt slot port gt name lt name gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number name Name for leg port The delete port leg command deletes an existing leg port from a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module Command gt delete port leg lt slot port gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number 278 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module leg port After creating a leg port you must configure it before you can enable it Use the following commands to configure the leg port Note If you execute the following two commands on an enabled leg port you must disable the port and then re enable it for the new values to take effect Command gt set port leg lt slot port gt IP address lt ip address gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number ip address IP address of leg port in dot notation for example 192 168 16 1 Command gt set port leg lt slot port gt IP subnet mask lt subnet mask gt Parameter slot Slot number port Leg port number subnet Subnet mask for the IP subnet to which the mask leg port is connected in dot notation for example 255 255 255 0 100 291 07 e fe 3 3 D SD ror 5 D Note Ifyou execute any of the following commands the new configuration takes immediate effect Command Para
263. unit CAU Management Information Base MIB The database of management information that resides in a device that is managed via SNMP max age Determines the maximum age of Spanning Tree information that a bridge learns from the network on any port before it is discarded measured in hundredths of a second Multistation Access Unit MAU A hub also known as a passive hub or a wiring concentrator that is used to attach nodes toa Token Ring network microcode See boot code run time microcode multiport bridge A bridge that has more than two ports Network Service Access Point NSAP Is a 20 byte address made up of the address of the ATM device 19 bytes plus a selector 1 byte The ATM device address consists of the prefix and the ESI The selector is used to identify an individual application on an end station 100 291 07 375 node mode The mode in which a port behaves like an adapter and generates a phantom drive signal to insert into the device that is connected path cost A 16 bit integer that determines the relative length of a path between two rings The port path cost can be used to select the shortest and most efficient path The port path cost applies when the port spanning tree mode is set to Auto or the Ringswitch is in Transparent Source Route Transparent or Source Route Transparent Plus forwarding mode permeable virtual LAN Permeable source routing virtual LANs are a user def
264. us indicators see Chapter 11 Reading status indicators for information about LCD alert messages see Table I 3 Alert messages on the LCD panel e connect a terminal to the serial port and use the command line interface For information about configuring the Ringswitch using the command line interface see Appendix G Using the command line interface You can also configure the Ringswitch and ports on the device by using TrueView Ringswitch Manager or the command line interface 356 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Cannot manage the Ringswitch If you cannot manage a Ringswitch using TrueView Ringswitch Manager 1 Check the protocol that Ringswitch Manager is using to manage the Ringswitch using the Ringswitch Manager Table 2 Check that the network connecting the management station to the Ringswitch supports the 3 E z D Q gt 5 a protocol 3 Ifthe Ringswitch is managed using IP check the IP address by reading the LCD panel You can set an IP address by connecting a terminal to the serial interface and using the set bridge ip address command in IrueView Ringswitch Manager add the Ringswitch to the database by specifying the IP address If already added delete icon and re add ping the Ringswitch from the DOS prompt to confirm IP connectivity Token ring port fails to open If a token ring port fails to open 1 Make sure the token ring port is connected to the correct connector on the atta
265. ust have a Switch 3 Module and a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module installed For more information about the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module see Chapter 10 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module For information about routing techniques see Appendix A Network design issues 100 291 07 3 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family Cut through switching Token ring switching provides a simple and efficient alternative to routing as a means of interconnecting multiple ring segments Unlike traditional store and forward devices which read entire packets into memory before making a decision about where to forward them the Ringswitch uses cut through switching This means the Ringswitch takes action as soon as it receives the first 20 to 30 bytes of the packets The Ringswitch analyzes information in the packet header and determines the appropriate destination port The Ringswitch makes an internal connection between the input and output ports and streams the packet onto the destination ring Cut through switching introduces a typical latency of only 30 microseconds in moving data from one ring to another in contrast store and forward devices such as bridges and routers can introduce delays of up to 4000 microseconds Cut through switching enables clients on different ring segments to communicate with almost the same performance as if both were attached to the same ring Configurable port interface mode You can configur
266. w Ringswitch Manager For more information about the management features available see the next section Management 3 a fe 2 fa S e e gt Currently you can configure your Ringswitch to reduce the number of redundant broadcast frames by using ABC filtering With Protocol Filtering you can further control and restrict the access of essential frames across the network For information about Protocol Filtering see Appendix C Protocol Filtering Management The Ringswitch incorporates a range of advanced management functions that provide management and control over the switched token ring environment The Ringswitch is managed from the Madge Networks graphical TrueView Ringswitch Manager or third party management systems using the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP over IP and IPX TCP IP stations using Telnet ora terminal or terminal emulator using the out of band serial port TrueView Ringswitch Manager enables you to e manage the Ringswitch bridging and routing e monitor traffic and view statistical counters e erase or download boot code and run time microcode e configure ABC features e configure Protocol Filtering e configure RMON support e manage virtual LANs to define a logical network structure that is independent of the actual layout e view the status of LEDs and change the LCD display on the Ringswitch 100 291 07 9 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Smart Ringswitch Family TrueVi
267. when forwarding spanning tree explorers when the spanning tree explorer forwarding mode is set to auto Command gt set port path cost lt slot port gt lt pathcost gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number pathcost Port path cost 1 65535 The set bridge hop limit command sets the maximum hop count that any frame forwarded by the bridge can have Command gt set bridge hop limit lt hop_count gt Parameter lt hop_count gt Port hop count 1 13 Unlike the set port hop count command this limit applies to spanning tree explorers and unicast frames as well as All Routes Explorer frames Note that if a global hop limit is set to a lower value than that configured on any of the individual ports then the port hop counts will be reset to match the global value If the global limit is subsequently increased then the port limits will remain at the lower value 264 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Configuring the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Copper Module The commands in Table G 3 only apply to the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Copper Module which has part number 157 930 xx and metal carrier ID TRP 123 In these commands slot is the slot number and port is the port number Table G 3 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch 8 Port TR Copper Module Command Description gt enable interface alternate priority lt slot port gt Use alternative token priority handling mechanism gt disable interface alternate p
268. work running the Netbios protocol use a range of other frames that are broadcast across the whole network The frames are used for locating other network resources and sending messages The address of the sending station is included in all frames The frames broadcast on a Netbios network are described in Table B 4 Table B4 Netbios broadcast frames Frame ID Purpose STATUS_QUERY X03 Requests the status of a named station DATAGRAM X08 Sends a message to a named station DATAGRAM_BROADCAST X09 Sends a message to all stations NAME_QUERY XOA Finds the location of a named station NAME_RECOGNISED X 0B Responds to a NAME_QUERY The Ringswitch uses the name of the sending station to build a cache of Netbios names In a source routing environment the Ringswitch maps Netbios names to ports In a transparent bridging environment the list maps Netbios names to MAC addresses Therefore when the Ringswitch receives a Netbios frame it can forward it directly to the port where the named device is located 174 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide When a NAME_QUERY frame is sent to a particular name 1 The Ringswitch looks up the name in the cache and only forwards the frame to associated ports 2 If there is no association for the Netbios name the Ringswitch broadcasts the frame 3 The Ringswitch waits to receive a NAME_RECOGNISED frame in response 4 Ifthe Ringswitch does not receive a NAME_
269. ws about and their distance expressed as the number of hops away from the router The original version of RIP v1 does not pass subnet information about networks in the RIP messages RIP v2 includes this information and has rudimentary security capabilities 160 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Open Shortest Path First OSPF OSPF is another routing control protocol which although more complicated than RIP has the benefit of scaling better in bigger networks by allowing networks to be partitioned into areas Unlike RIP which is a distance vector protocol OSPF is a link state protocol An OSPF router actively tests the status of the links to each of its neighbors This information is then exchanged with its neighbors which propagate it throughout the network Each router takes this link state information and builds a complete routing table Like RIPv2 OSPF supports subnets and simple authentication BootP DHCP Relay Agent BootP DHCP servers are usually required to provide IP addresses to BootP DHCP clients that are located on more than one IP subnet in a network To use the BootP DHCP Relay Agent you must enable BootP DHCP Relay Agent on any router s between the BootP DHCP server and the BootP DHCP clients The Relay Agent simply adds subnet information to the BootP DHCP client s request so that the BootP DHCP server knows from which subnet range to assign the client s IP address Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol VRRP
270. x node 6 la dtr conc Full duplex concentrator 3 cau rio CAU RI RO fiber token ring ports only a D gt D 100 291 07 257 Setting the ring speed The set port ifspeed command sets the ring speed for the port to 4 or 16 Mbps or 100Mbps for HSTR modules This only applies to token ring ports Command gt set port ifspeed lt slot port gt lt speed gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number speed Ring speed 4 or 16 Mbps or 100Mbps for HSTR modules i Note When you set the ring speed the port closes and re opens Note For HSTR modules this command is only included for completeness The HSTR ports run at 100Mbps 258 Smart Ringswitch Family User Guide Setting the ring number The set port segment command sets the ring number of the segment connected to the port Do not set the same ring number for multiple ports unless you are using Source Route Transparent Plus bridging see Appendix A Network design issues It is not possible to set the ring number for ATM ports as they obtain the ring number automatically from the LECS Command gt set port segment lt slot port gt lt segment gt Parameter slot Slot number port Port number segment Ring number 001 FFF hexadecimal C fe 3 3 D gt 2 5 100 291 07 259 Configuring port forwarding The set port forwarding command sets the forwarding mode for the port Command gt set port forwarding lt slot port gt
271. xcept for ADD_NAME_QUERY and ADD_GROUP_NAME_QUERY Netbios frames ARE filtering AreFilter On a source routing network when a device needs to establish a session with another device that is connected to a remote LAN it may send an All Routes Explorer ARE frame to discover all possible routes to the other device see Source Route Bridging in Appendix A Network design issues In many networks the use of ARE frames in the route discovery process can improve network performance because it results in load sharing However in a large switched network in a mesh pattern the use of ARE frames means that a very large number of frames arrive at each ring resulting in network congestion The traditional method for avoiding such network congestion is to set hop count limits for each port on the switch This is difficult to set up and manage and can result in loss of connectivity if it is set up incorrectly The ARE filtering broadcast control feature intelligently filters unnecessary ARE frames When you enable ARE filtering the Ringswitch compares each ARE frame it receives with historical information about the ARE frames it has already forwarded If the new frame has a worse route indicated by a longer Routing Information Field RIF than the last frame it is discarded If the frame has a better route indicated by a shorter RIF it is forwarded 100 291 07 167 gt wa OOQ _ 3 55 oe e T 9 The following examp
272. y User Guide Third Layer Services IP routing Installing a Smart Ringswitch TLS Module in a Smart Ringswitch Plus Chassis or a Smart Ringswitch Express allows you to separate IP subnets that share the same layer 2 interconnected network Filters in the Ringswitch check the subnet information of IP frames so as to partition traffic into a maximum of 16 directly attached subnets per TLS Module IP v4 traffic that needs to travel between subnets is routed by the TLS Module The TLS Module supports RIP and OSPF routing protocols It also supports Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol VRRP and BootP DHCP Relay Agent For information about using the TLS Module see Chapter 10 Configuring the Smart Ringswitch TLS Module or refer to TrueView Online help Unlike bridging which transports data from source to destination in one hop IP routing works by breaking the path between the source and destination into a series of hops across IP routers At each hop the receiving router chooses the router to which it will send the data by examining the final IP destination and the current topology of the network learned via management or routing control protocols such as RIP and OSPF When the sending router determines the IP address of the next hop it rebuilds the MAC header of the frame giving it the MAC address determined using the ARP protocol of the next hop as its destination It then transmits the frame to the next router This process co

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