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FLAIR User Guide

1. 00 41 3 2 1 Cabinets SUING CO sacs ctaeencts baspaniansnessin Saroanectiosset cea paseaue aeseeneseavoceaausbaneteaeoce ae 41 3 2 2 A e qic gu e 6 21e 0 game ane nee ne eee Rar ee nee ee ene eee nee eee 44 3 2 3 ENING SUIS CG CLO xe ctesecsscetena stab oreasgce oaecne aepacnascseadel yswaneseeasasee aepeccseenessaebyapasect anes 45 3 2 4 Perforated Plates subdirectory cceeecccecceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeaeeeeceeesseaeeeeeesaeeeeeesaaaaes 46 3 3 How to import the HVAC ObjeCtS cccccccceseceeeeeenseeeseseeseeenesonseneneeoeaes 47 3 3 1 Using the Object Management dialog DOX ccccsseeeceeeceeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeseaeeeeeeeeaaaees 47 3 3 2 BICC EQUUS Sse ctges qetcased sae smessduatisogeceiecaqeuseeseaeetbeeaqencteccusesseet seueseneges eeeeeesndscaane 49 3 3 8 Exporning an ODJSClceccscensdsevantexseacdasdsaaeniadsceuseadsavesecsineweaysdisaseneadacseseadcexesacdacuadsancncs 49 3 3 4 Object sizing scaling and positioning cccecseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeesseaeeeeeesaaaeeeess 50 3 3 5 Object Colouring and Rotation Options ccccccceseccesessseeeeeeeeeeeesseeceeseeeeaeeesees 50 3 3 6 Import CUSTOM QEOMETTIY cccccseeeccccesececceeseecceaseeecsaeeecsauseecseaeeesseaseeessaneeessaaeees 50 A4 HVAC WS At Models sian seca vaca se ese naaa saeco crs es 51 4 1 Main Menu Top Panel a nnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 51 4 2 SV SLOT CUVE sorrera E
2. e Click on C select a variable button El on the main control panel to bring up the Viewer options dialog box as shown below Viewer Options Contours Vectors Surface Plat lirite aje m Es Current variable Temperature Minimum Value al 1 999960 MHasimum Value al Reset esoo _ Contour 4ppearance T Lines T Continuous W Transparent Greyscale W Averaged I Boxed key Opaqueness 100 74 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Set the Maximum value to 24 C e Click on Streamline management button EA e Move the probe position to X 26 Y 6 0 Z 2 46 e Click on Object menu and click on Options to bring up the Stream Options dialog box and choose the following settings Velocity 1 00000e 01 471 00000e 010 Ll om abant patrit a a and pait e Click on OK to return to the Streamline management dialog box e Click on Object and select New as shown below Streamline Management Oro ere The following streamlines will be displayed on the screen 75 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR YR Viewer bonnie Bong Wencs ela S Fars Fe r r Temperature C Probe value 2 402E 01 2 242E 01 327E 01 251E 01 176E 01 101E 01 026E 01 951E 01 876E 01 801E 01 726E 01 651E 01 576E 01 500E 01 425E 01 350E 01 275E 01 200E
3. 129 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Click on Select temperature toggle T and click on Contour toggle button Cil The following picture will appear FLAIR YR Viewer O x File Settings View Run Options Compie Suid Demos Help MALERE Fa Fa Fs Fe F7 Fe Ean Ean Temperature C probe value 3 001E 01 2 017E 01 2 939E 01 Average value 2 876E 01 2 037E 01 2 813E 01 2 751E 01 M 2 688E 01 2 626E 01 2 563E 01 2 501E 01 2 438E 01 2 375E 01 2 313E 01 2 250E 01 2 1868E 01 2 125E 01 2 063E 01 2 000E 01 FLAIR A cabinet with a fan e Use File menu and select Open file for Editing and Result output file to open the result file e Near the end of the result file you will find information about the operating point of your fan system as follows Final result System mass flow rate Fan Name FAN FAN FAN FAN FAN Fan Type mass flow rate Operating point data volume flow rate velocity pressure drop 6 6 4 Saving the case 6 2970E 01 kg h FAN1 1 on Zs La 1642E 02 kg h T896Et01 m 3 f 4494E 01 m s 6325E O01 Pa Once a case has been completed it can be saved to disk as a new Q1 file by File Save working files The Q1 and associated output files can be saved more permanently by File Save as a case 130 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 7 Tutorial 7 A computer room This tutorial involves
4. Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 1 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 2 0m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 9 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General button and Define TYPE OPENING Use the default attributes settings for the door Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box add the diffuser Click on the Object pull down menu select New and then select Import Object This will bring up the following dialog box Look in 3 flair amp Til ce perforated plates Files of type Object Files pob Cancel Open as read only Locate and select the round pob file a round diffuser from the directory flair diffuser Click on Open button In Position of Imported Assembly window set Position of the object as X 4 5 m Y 14 0 m Z 2 9 m Click on OK In the Object specification dialog box Change name to Diffuser 132 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 1 0 m E 1 0 m Z 0 1 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 4 5 m Y 14 0 m Z 2 9 m Click on Attributes and then set the supply temperature to 20 degree C and Supply volume to 500 L s Click on OK to return to the Object specification dialog box Click OK again add the array of desks
5. Z 0 0 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General and select PLATE from the object Type list Click on Attributes Set the roughness to 0 0002 same as for the inlet wind profile and select Fully rough for the Wall function coefficient Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box add the side boundaries Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to SSIDE Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 100 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 50 0 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Ya 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General and select OPENING from the object Type list Click on OK to close the object specification dialog box Highlight SSIDE object and click on duplicate object button al on the control panel Refresh the Object management dialog box Double click on the newly duplicated object to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change the name to NSIDE Click on Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y 100 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on OK to close the object specification dialog box 143 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 4 To activate the physical model
6. of the object as X 0 1 m 19 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Y 0 98 m Z 0 87 m e Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y 1 28 m Z 0 0 m e Click on the General button and define the object Type as BLOCKAGE e Click on Attributes this will bring up the following dialog box Object Attributes 2a x Material 198 Solid with smooth wall friction Types Other Materials Heat source on Side EAST No NORTH No HIGH No e Click on Types Other material and select Solids The following list of solids will appear on the screen Select Maternal x ALUMINIUM at 27 deg c 101 BAKELITE at 270 deg c 102 BRICK at 20 deg c 103 COPPER at 27 deg C 104 EPOXY at 27 deg C 105 FIBREGLASS at 27 deg C 106 GLASS at 20 deg co 107 GOLD at 27 deg C 108 WICKEL at 27 deg C POLYSTYREWE at 27 deg C SILVER at 27 deg C TIN at 27 deg C 113 Asbestos cement sheet OEKE Cancel e Highlight 111 STEEL at 27 deg C and click on OK This will bring up the following dialog box 80 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Object Attributes 1 000000 ee Click on Energy source and select Fixed heat flux total heat flux Set Value to 500 W as shown below Click on OK to return to the Object specification dialog box Click on OK again Object Attributes 50
7. B18 4 PLATE cube ori VES if B23 10 BLOCKAGE cubed orl VES ie Al 11 Rl ACK amp teF cuheR nr TER ff Kr e You may double click on each of those objects and investigate their attributes For example you double click on object IN37 reference no 36 This will bring up the Object specification dialog box as shown below 12 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Object Specification General Options Scale Place Shape Mame N37 Type INLET z _Hierarchy_ Cancel Reset Apply Click on Attributes button to bring up the Object attributes panel as shown below The settings show that the air is coming into the theatre at the speed of 0 16 m s with the temeparture of 18 degree C Object Attributes 2 xi Nett area ratio 1 000000 Inlet density is Domain fluid Temperature jis 00000 aC Method Velocities X Direction 0 160000 m s Y Direction 0 000000 m s Z Direction 0 000000 m s You can investigate the physical model settings by clicking on Main menu button Menu and click on each model panel for example Models as shown below As can be seen the pressure velocities and temperature are solved The constant effective turbulence viscosity is used for the turbulence modelling Domain Settings 21x Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Numerics Output Lagrangian Particle Tracker GENTRA OFF Solution for velocit
8. Change Name to Spray Select Spray head from the object Type list and click on OK to activate GENTRA Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 1 m Y 0 1 m Z 0 0 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 1 44 m Y 1 44 m Z 2 10m Click on General and then click on attributes Set the input as shown below Please refer to section 3 3 2 for the definition of each entry Spray head Attributes 21x Active all the time No Start at Lo 00000 S End at 15 00000 s Spray axis direction z Spray position Xpos 1 490000 m Ypos 1 400000 m Zpos 2 100000 m Spray radius 0 050000 m Number of ports O 8o Total volume flowrate 60 00000 l min Total injection velocity 1 000000 m s Spray angle from spray axis 135 0000 deg Injection temperature 8 000000 ZC Volume_median diameter 0 800000 mm Number of size ranges O a Dmin 0 000000 mm Dmax 2 500000 mm Rosin Rammler spread exponent 1 700000 Calculate link temperature No OK Cancel Click on OK to return to the Object management dialog box The GENTRA particle Tracker will be turned on automatically with all the correct settings for the spray model Only the spray start and end times need to be set 150 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide b add the fire source Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object
9. Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box g add the wall at x 3m The wall object with the PLATE type is used to set the wall friction and the surface temperature The window objects created above have the same effect Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to WALL1 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 0 m yY 5 0 m Z 2 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 3 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General button and set value of Type to be PLATE Click on Attributes button and select Surface temperature for Energy source Set Value to 20 degree C Click on OK to close the Attributes panel and click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box 82 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide h add the wall at y 5m e Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box e Change name to WALL2 e Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 3 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 2 m e Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m y 5 0 m Z 0 0 m e Click on General button and set value of Type to be
10. Click on the Duplicate object or group button and then refresh the Object management dialog box Double click on the newly duplicated object to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change the name to CHIP2 Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 3 m Y 0 15 m Z 0 35 m Click on General button Click on Attributes and change the total heat flux value to 0 7 Click on OK to return to the attributes dialog Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog f add the PCB Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to PCB Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 3 m E 0 3 m Z 0 01 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 1 m Y 0 1 m Z 0 34 m Click on General and select PCB from the list of geometry type Click OK to return to Object Management Box Now we have 5 objects listed in the Object management dialog box as shown below 126 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Object Management Mi x Object Action View Group Affects grid Colour OPENING cube 2t 214 5 FAN fan BLOCKAGE cubed BLOCKAGE cubed PCB cube 4 To activate the physical models a The Main Menu panel e Click on the Main Menu button The top page of the main
11. Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X tick to end Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m f To set the grid numbers and set solver parameters e Click on the Mesh toggle H on the hand set or toolbar then click on the image to bring up the Grid mesh Settings dialog The default grid should look like this E iT a This is adequate for the purposes of the tutorial Click the mesh toggle again to remove the mesh display Click on the main Menu button and then click on Numerics e Change the Total number of iterations to 50 e Click on Relaxation control Scroll across the list of variables until temperature TEM1 is visible The maximum increment MAXINC for temperature has been automatically reduced from 1000 deg sweep to 10 deg sweep This gives much better stability when there are strong heat sources present e Click on Previous panel then Output Click on settings of the Field dumping and set Intermediate field dumps First step 0 Last step 0 Step frequency 1 the O values mean use all steps e Set the Start letter for PHI CSG1 to a 164 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Click on Previous panel Top menu and then OK g place the probe e Click the probe icon on the toolbar then set the probe position to X 5 0 No 5 0 Z 2 0 6 10 2 Running the solver To run the PHOENICS solver Earth cli
12. Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 100 0 m Y 100 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Yo 0 0 m Z 50 0 m Click on General and select OPENING from the object Type list Click on Attributes and set X velocity to 6 5m s which is the maximum wind speed according to the wind profile at the inlet boundary Click on OK to close the Attributes dialog Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box add the downstream boundary Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to OUT Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 0 m Y 100 0 m Z 50 0 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 100 0 m ae 0 0m Z 0 0 m Click on General and select OPENING from the object Type list Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box e add the ground Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box 142 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Change name to GROUND Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 100 0 m Y 100 0 m
13. PLATE e Click on Attributes button and select Surface temperature for Energy source e Set Value to 20 degree C e Click on OK to close the Attributes panel and click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box i add the wall at y 0 e Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box e Change name to WALLE e Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 2 0 m y 0 0 m Z 2 m e Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m yi 0 0 m Z 0 0 m e Click on General button and set value of Type to be PLATE e Click on Attributes button and select Surface temperature for Energy source e Set Value to 20 degree C e Click on OK to close the Attributes panel and click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box j add the adiabatic walls at x 0 e Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box 83 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Change name to WALLA Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 0 m Y 1 28 m Z 2 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Cli
14. Settings menu to change the scale factor to enlarge the vectors e Click on T Select temperature button T and Contour toggle button 2 The following picture will appear on the screen FLAIR YR Viewer 15 x File Settings View Run Options Compie Build Demos Help co Me S F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F3 cum Downy Temperature 7 POR ePF SSW We khPoOoOaan s 99E 02 341E 02 883E 02 424E 02 966E 02 508E 02 050E 02 591E 02 133E 02 675E 02 216E 02 758E 02 300E 02 642E 02 383E 02 251E 01 666E 01 FLAIR Probe value 2 833E 02 Average value 2 370E 02 Fire in a room Ready Z e Click on Contour toggle and Velocity Toggle buttons to clear the temperature contours and velocity vectors 109 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on C Select a variable plot options button and select current variable SMOK To display streamlines move the probe near the fire around X 10 6 Y 3 625 Z 0 65 Click on Streamline management button 2 This will bring up the streamline management dialog as shown below Streamline Management M Object Action Animate ftp iste O Options Select All Refresh rider Last Close Select the Options from the Object menu Select Stream line coloured by Current variable Select Stream line start Around a circle Click on OK to close the Option dialog Click on New under the Object menu This
15. Title dialogue box Then type in Fire and Smoke Modeling 159 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Click on Geometry to obtain the Grid Mesh Settings dialog e Change Time dependence from Steady to Transient e Click on Time step settings and set the input as shown below Time step settings 2 x Global settings Time at start of step 1 0 000000 s Time at end of last step 300 0000 s First step number 1 Last step number 30 Region settings Currently 1 regions Free all regions Free all Reg End Time Steps Distributn Power Symmetric Step powr 1 300 0000 30 Power law 1 000000 No Free Merge regions Split regions Cancel Apply ii aA e Click on OK twice to close the Geomeiry panel e Click on Models to obtain the Model menu page e Switch Solve smoke mass fraction to ON and then click on its settings Doms Setiya Smoke Settings Previous panel The solved smoke concentration equation SMOR has units of kg kg of mixture It is products of combustion Heat of combustion Hfu 1 3000E7 J kg fuel Update Rox Radiative heat fraction 0 333333 Qradiative Qtotal Particulate smoke yield Ys 0 022000 kg smoke particles kg fuel Stoichometric ratio Rox 0 992366 kg oxygen kg fuel Mass specific extinction coeff Km 7600 000 m 2 kg particulate smoke Visibility can be estimated from the function Sight length max 0 min Dma
16. m fi oooo Room parameters Room size Window is located Width Cy size m Height 2 size m E on vest wall j5 0000 2 7000 E on South well Length size m on Geeta 2 0000 N ilori wall C on ceiling sunlight parameters Window size Width y size m J1 0000 Height 2 size m J1 0000 Absorption factor of glass fo 1000 Surface shape Intensity of thermal radiation in wats per sg m fio oon0 Angle between the ray direction and awis ina plane deg in xe plane deg Jo 0000 30 0000 Save as POEB file Save as geo file Reset The Sunlight Object parameters e Click on Save as POB file button and in the Save POB as window click on save then click on Exit The resulting sunlight object will appear as shown below 115 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 9 Shape maker The Sunlight object e Click on File menu and Exit e Click on OK on the Position of Imported Assembly dialog box and the following picture will appear on the screen e Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box The type of the imported sunlight object appearing in the Object management dialog box is Assembly e Click on Action menu and Hide Object s e You may click on the projected shadows to check their attributes which should be as shown below 116 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Gui
17. 00903 1o07 Oz 0563 D440 Us 05o2 O00 Us 0 72 The Earth solver will perform a linear interpolation in the table to find the mass source for any particular time The time in the table is the time since ignition This option allows for any number of points in the table and should be used in preference to Piece wise Linear in time if there are more than 10 points In a transient case a file called smoke_sources csv will be created It will contain the product mass smoke source for each fire object for each time step An example is given here Time 4 OOOE 01 QOUCE 01 s DOUETOZ s LOOER 0Z e fOUE LOZ FIXMAS Boe Ne Pe Re IND JVO0H 02 VOUE O02Z sU00E 02 VO0E O02 s0U00E 02 POOL 3 PWLM FIXT 1 401E 01 3 125E 04 8 182E 05 24008017 9 3 759E 04 8 L0 2E 05 3 056E 01 Lle502E 03 8 102E 05 oe J0SH U1l 24 L8 E 03 8s LO07E 05 O24 T4E 01l 2 80 L12E 03 84 182E 05 The first column is the solver time at the mid point of each time step The subsequent columns are the mass release rates in kg s for the FIRE objects named in the first row Scalar Source The options for the Scalar source are Select Scalar Source No Source Mass Related Heat Related Fixed Value Figure 3 14 Fire smoke sources 35 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide The SMOK scalar is taken to be product of combustion the inlet value is therefore always 1 0 The parameters determining how the smoke conce
18. 112 6 5 1 Setting p the MOS veces ccnssacescce desvensedeaventeesatenccochscatseasvetcaesthadened ii aad iE 112 6 5 2 MUNNING the EX AMP scanciuszeccarecevinsadaneadientvatestvaasbcveeccdaleiasaueendaaaanvedeneags 120 6 5 3 VIEWING the TESUNS vseeres ceacsoumvcamoduvonsadanbed eain ea E Enara etai 120 6 5 4 Saving INe CaSe sensistema Rn Ea A A AE a RAET 122 6 6 Tutorial 6 A fan mounted at the boundary of a cabinet 008 123 6 6 1 oeng Up TS Modeks a dan ien ewubsseaicacemeauntatatacs 123 6 6 2 PLC WS SONET 2 are a Gata A teeta caton 128 6 6 3 MIC WING Ue Tss ulsa O 129 6 6 4 SAVING TNC CASS a ete atat r sees arate Set ban a ates etheasten ak tee 130 6 7 Tutorial 7 A computer FOOM ccceesceeeseeeeeeeeseeeneeenseseneeeeneeeeeeseneeoenes 131 6 7 1 SEWING UD the MOS heserisseteris satan ecda ett anaes eaten ewes Wigs 131 6 7 2 PURINA ING SOVG auien n a a e teas weit n 136 6 7 3 Viewing iNe TSS UNS aiia a a tna a a a a 136 6 7 4 Savino he CaSe e a a e a A aE 137 6 8 Tutorial 8 Flow over Big Ben cc cscsssccseseeeeseeeneeeneeeenseeeneeeeeeneaeeoeees 138 6 8 1 SENG UD NE MOE hrao a a ee 138 6 8 2 RUnMNG NS SOVE inis e ara N aoa 145 6 8 3 VIEWING TNS KESUNS nsii a aa a 145 6 8 4 SAVIN INE OISE eee o aeai 146 6 9 Tutorial 9 Fire spray in a COMPArtMeN ccccceeeeceeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeees 148 6 9 1 SetiNng Up the MOPS rinia a a Melee a 148 6 9 2 R nNINO tHE SOIVEL asa T E a gnmabiias 157 6 9 3 Viewing Me re
19. 5 A room with sunlight in section 6 5 shows how to use Shapemaker to create a sunlight object loaded into FLAIR VR Editor for the model building e Import CAD geometry from STL or DXF file enables the user to import CAD files from STL or DXF file Tutorial 8 How to import STL file in section 6 8 shows how to import STL geometry files The detailed operations about how to import custom geometry can be found in PHOENICS documentation TR326 50 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 4 HVAC Related Models As a special version of PHOENICS FLAIR has the following HVAC related models system curve fan operating point humidity calculation comfort index and smoke movement This chapter is to provide detailed descriptions about how to activate these models All these models can be set up through the Main Menu in FLAIR VR Editor The main menu is reached by clicking the Main Menu button Menu on the hand set This brings up the Main Menu top panel 4 1 Main Menu Top Panel Figure 4 1 is the top panel of the main menu and can be reached from any other panel by clicking on Top menu It is the panel displayed whenever the Main menu is activated from the hand set of the FLAIR VR Editor Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Numerics Output INFORM AEE EE EEEE EEEE EEEE EE EE EE EE EEEE EEEE E E E EE E EEEE EE EEEE E E EEE E EEE EE FLAIR VR MENU Version 2010 dated 26 11 1
20. Fan Operating Point option for a single fan mounted at a boundary of a cabinet 4 4 Comfort Index FLAIR provides for five comfort index calculations Dry resultant temperature TRES CIBSE Guide Predicted mean vote PMV ISO 7730 Predicted percentage dissatisfied PPD ISO 7730 Draught rating PPDR ISO 7730 Predicted productivity loss PLOSS Clicking on the Comfort Index button leads to a panel where any or all of the three calculations can be activated and relevant input parameters set 4 4 1 Dry resultant temperature TRES Thermal comfort index or dry resultant temperature is a standard index used to show the level of comfort within the occupied space It is a function of air temperature air velocity and mean radiant temperature The formula as defined in Volume A of the CIBSE Guide is Tres Trad Tair 10 vel 1 10 vel Where Tres is the resultant temperature Trad mean radiant temperature Tair air temperature vel air velocity The mean radiant temperature can be a user set constant value or can be taken to be the T3 radiation temperature of the IMMERSOL radiation model as shown in figure 4 6 56 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Domain Seitings ajx Comfort indices Previous panel The following quantities are available Dry Resultant Temperature TRES OFF Predicted Mean Vote PMV OFF Predicted Percent Dissatisfied PPD OFF Draught Rating
21. File Settings View Bun Options Compile Start Hew case Open Existing case Load from Libraries AN Loading a library case will wipe out pour current settings Reload Working files Load from libraries Enter a case number or select a case from PHUENICS Input Libraries Save Working files Case number Save s 4 Cage Save Window As EA Browse Print e lf you If you know the number of the case you want to load type it into the case number data entry box and click OK Open file for Editing a e Otherwise click on Browse and you will see the following dialog box PHOENICS Input Libraries x Eg Cases organized according to theme cf Core Library Esa Option Libraries Ese Virtual Feality cases w Special purpose program Hf Utilities ag ii users own library Cancel e Use the next to Special purpose programs to expand the library listings 70 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on Flair library and Large cases Case 1203 will be on the listings PHOERICS Input Libraries Special purpose programns FI Wo Chemical Vapour Deposition CVD I a FLAIR library _ H E Smaller cases a a Langer cases ae 1201 Room air flows l a Reactor room ventilation ve con EE EA 205 gt Temperatures in a computer room Ok ve 206 gt Air flows in a moultt stored building pee En cl207 Viking Ed compressor hazard me IMMERSOL test
22. Fire ina room This tutorial models a simple three dimensional room consisting of four open windows an open door a partial wall in the middle and a fire in the far side away from the door This case shows how to set a fire object and related numerical parameters such as initial guess values and relaxation control for solved variables Smoke movement is also simulated 6 4 1 Setting up the model 1 Start FLAIR with the default room e Click FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut created by the FLAIR installation program or e Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR e Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK The FLAIR VR Environment screen should appear which shows the default room with the dimensions 10m x 10m x 3m 2 Resizing the room e Change the size to 12m in x direction 6m in y direction and 2 5m in z direction respectively on the control panel e Click on Reset button Reset on the movement panel and then click Fit to window The resized room shown in the following figure will appear on the screen FLAIR R Editor of x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help OIS fa amp deel bes I F7 fenm ponnrN FLAIR No title has been set for this run Ready The resized room You can rotate translate or zoom in and out from the room by clicking the Mouse button on
23. Geometry to obtain the Grid Mesh Settings Dialog Change Time dependence from Steady to Transient Click on Time step settings and set the input as shown below Global settings Time at start of step 1 0 000000 S Time at end of last step 15 00000 s First step number 1 Last step number 15 Region settings Currently 1 regions Free all regions Free all Reg End Time Steps Distributn Power Symmetric Step _powr 1 15 00000 15 Power law 1 000000 No Free Merge regions Split regions Cancel Apply l Click on OK twice to close the Geometry panel Click on Models to obtain the Model menu page Click on the Turbulence models button and select KEMODL Click on the Radiation model button and select IMMERSOL model and then click on settings Set Store radiative energy fluxes to ON and then click on Previous panel Switch Solve smoke mass fraction to ON and click on its settings button Switch Sight length SLEN to ON and set constants A 1 0 B 150 0 and C 0 0 Click on Previous panel Click on Top menu and OK to close the main menu 149 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 4 Adding the object to the calculation domain a add the spray head Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box
24. Guide E for a fast t squared fire Click on OK to return to the Object management dialog box c add the floor Click on Object New New object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to FLOOR Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X tick to end Y tick to end Z 0 0 m Select PLATE from the object Type list Click on General and then attributes Click on Adiabatic next to Energy source and select Surface temperature from the list Set the surface temperature to 20C d create the first opening The four vertical faces of the domain are open to atmosphere 162 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on Object New New object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to OPENT Click on the Size button and set Object size of the object as X tick to end Y 0 0m Z tick to end Select OPENING from the object Type list Click on General and then attributes Set the external temperature to 20 and the external turbulence to User set Click on OK to exit from the object specification dialog e create the remaining openings by copying the first Make sure OPEN1 is highlighted in the Object management list Click on the Object pull down men
25. Output on the main menu For this case set the monitor cell location to 5 13 4 6 3 2 Running the Solver To run the PHOENICS solver Earth click on Run then Solver then click on OK to confirm running Earth These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth monitoring screen As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses To the end of the calculation the monitoring display would be as shown below w Errer Cut eff 1 HOOE O1 Hin Hax Spet Valus change Variable Hax w Err r changi 2 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 74E 00 3 46E 06 Bl 1 00E 05 1 33E 01 7 21E 02 2 00E 02 0 00E 00 6 04E 03 2 66E 05 ul 1 00E 16 8 46E 04 7 75E 01 0 00E 00 3 00E 02 9 61E 03 1 07E 6 1 1 00E 16 1 39E 05 8 34E 01 0 00E 00 2 00E 02 1 S53E 83 932E 06 WL 1 00E 09 1 68E 02 1 51E 01 2 00E 01 6 00E 01 2 96E 01 3 81E 06 T3 1 00E 03 1 72E E 02 1 42E 05 2 00E 01 7 00E 01 2 29E 01 6 10E 05 TEM1 1 00E 02 3 51E 02 42E 05 HX HY HZ ISWEEP LH Time new 13 45 200 40 TESTER OFF im s est 13 4 6 3 3 Viewing the results Click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment When the File names d
26. PPDR OFF Percent Productivity loss PLOS OFF Mean Age of Air AGE OFF Figure 4 6 The Comfort index dialog box Comfortable values of Tres are typically in the range 16 28 deg C depending on the external conditions and type of occupancy 4 4 2 Predicted mean vote PMV PMV is an index defined in ISO 7730 that predicts the mean value of the votes of a large group of people on a 7 point thermal sensation scale 3 hot 2 warm 1 slightly warm 0 neutral 1 slightly cool 2 cool 3 cold Domain Seliimyt Comfort indices Previous panel The following quantities are available Dry Resultant Temperature TRES GHEE AS eee Ys Predicted Mean Vote PMV OH Predicted Percent Dissatisfied PPD OFF Draught Rating PPDR OFF Percent Productivity loss PLOS OFF Mean Age of Air AGE OFF Radiant temperature User set 25 00000 deg C Clothing insulation 0 600000 clo Metabolic rate Sedentary activity External work 0 000000 met Relative humidity User set 50 00000 57 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Figure 4 7 PMV dialog box For the PMV option the following input parameters are required The radiant temperature this can be a user set constant value or can be taken to be the T3 radiation temperature of the IMMERSOL radiation model The clothing insulation clothing insulation is measured in clo clothing unit tog European unit of thermal insulation or m k
27. TR313 FLAIR User Guide Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on OK to exit from the object specification dialog Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to BLK2 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 1 m Y 1 05 m Z 2 2 M Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 2 8 m Y 1 75 m Z 0 0 m Click on OK to exit from the object specification dialog Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to BLK3 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 1 m Ye 0 72 m Z 0 37 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 2 8 m Ya 1 03 m Z 1 83 m Click on OK to exit from the object specification dialog add the wall on the high Y side Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to WALL1 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 2 8 m Y 0 0 m Z 2 2 M Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Me 2 8 m Z 0 0 m 152
28. Yol Flow Rate Rate 0 004900 m 3 s Inlet turbulence Intensity Turb intensity 5 000000 5 Object side High Figure 3 22b The default attributes of an inlet of the rackunit assembly 43 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Object Attributes 1 000000 0 000000 30 00000 0 009800 5 000000 _ K Figure 3 22c The default attributes of an inlet of the rackunit assembly 3 2 2 Jetfans subdirectory Jetfans subdirectory contains the following model files e fan x20 pob is an assembly consisting of 5 components a fan and 4 plates forming a duct as shown in figure 3 23 ASSEMBLY Al FLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE Figure 3 23 The Fan x20 assembly 4a FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide The internal fan is located in the middle of the duct and Its attributes are shown in figure 3 24 Fan Yelocities X Direction 20 00000 m s Y Direction Jo 000000 m s z Direction fo 000000 m s Include in matching Ho Change to circular fan with swirl Apply Figure 3 24 The attributes of the fan e fan x20 pob is the same as fan x20 pob except for the X direction velocity which is set to 20m s 3 2 3 Living subdirectory Living subdirectory contains the following model files e sitting man pob is a single object file and is used to set the heat source for a sitting man as shown on the left in figure 3 25 The material of the sitting man is the domain mat
29. and computers Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to DESK Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 2 0 m Y 1 2 m Z 1 2 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 2 0 m Yo 2 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on Shape and select the desk object from the directory d_object public furnture for the geometry Click on OK to close the object specification dialog box Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to MONITR Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 8 m Y 0 8 m Z 0 8m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 2 6 m yi 2 0 m Z 1 2 m Click on Shape and select the monitor object from the directory d_object public furnture for the geometry Click on OK to close the object specification dialog box 133 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Highlight the DESK and MONITR objects on the Object management dialog box e Click on Group menu and click on Save This will produce a GROUP object listed on the Object management dialog box e Highlight all three objects GROUP DESK and MONITR e Click on Object menu and select Array obj
30. appears change Use intermediate step files to Yes and click OK to accept the current result files Click on the Macro button on the control panel Change MACRO file to GHIS and then click on OK Click on the Y Slice direction Y button and move the probe position Y to 1 45m Click on T Select temperature button T followed by the Contour toggle button Cil 157 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Click on the Run animation button j l The animation will start which shows that the temperature increases with time first and then decreases as soon as the spray has started e Click on the Streamline management button and click on Animate option e Use the Animation control and activate the streamline animation A typical picture is shown below FLAIR VR Vi Compile Buia Demos S F3 ra rs re F7 ra 6 9 4 Saving the case Once a case has been completed it can be saved to disk as a new Q1 file by File Save working files The Q1 and associated output files can be saved more permanently by File Save as a case 6 10 Tutorial 10 Fire and Smoke Modelling This example provides step by step instructions on how to activate a FIRE object for a typical t squared fire and set the relevant smoke production and visibility parameters In the second part of the tutorial a pair of jetfans is introduced to try to blow the smoke away from one side of the domain
31. be switched on or off and is a separate source 28 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Figure 3 9 Displacement diffuser 4 sides and top face active Diffuser Attributes All diffuser types can be rotated freely about any axis or combination of axes Note however that if Grille Round Vortex or 4 way rectangular diffusers are rotated out of the plane of the grid they must lie on the face of a BLOCKAGE object otherwise they will produce no flow Diffuser position for all diffusers other than displacement these set the coordinates of the centre of the mounting face of the diffuser For displacement diffusers it sets the low x y z corner Diffuser diameter for round and vortex diffusers this sets the diameter of the diffuser Diffuser size for rectangular diffusers sets the length of the faces Plane This allows the user to place the diffuser in the X Y or Z planes Side When the diffuser is mounted internally in the solution domain the diffuser itself can be on the decreasing coordinate low or the increasing coordinate high side of the mounting face The position boxes set the location of the mounting face this controls whether the diffuser is above or below to the left or right X Y Z Faces For 4 way directional and displacement diffusers these control which faces of the diffuser are active The supply volume is divided uniformly amongst the active faces The face directions and deflection an
32. buttons 2 3 2 2 Resizing the room e Change the size to 3m in x direction 5m in y direction and 2 7m in z direction respectively on the control panel as shown in figure 2 4 9 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide YR Editor E4 A Y Fi a Y Fa 2 700000 aie Figure 2 4 Resize the default room to 3mx5mx2 7m on the control panel e Click on Reset button Reset on the movement panel and then click Fit to window The resized room shown in figure 2 5 will appear on the screen FLAIR R Editor Iof x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help oema ed i Fd VL Vd ponnn o FLAIR My first flow simulation Ready WY Figure 2 5 The resized room 2 3 2 3 Adding objects to the room a add the first object which will act as a person in the room e Click on the Object button on the control panel and then click on Object pull down menu on the Object management dialog as shown in figure 2 6 10 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Object Management Figure 2 6 The Object management dialog Box e Choose the New Object option which will bring the Object specification dialog e Change name to MAN e Define TYPE select PERSON from the type list as shown in figure 2 7 Object pecification Figure 2 7 The Object specification dialog box e Click on the Attributes button This will bring up the Person Attributes dialog box as shown in
33. dialog and choose the New Object option e Change name to FIRE e Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 5 m Y 0 5 m Z 0 5 m e Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 10 5 m Y 3 5 m Z 0 0 m e Click on General button and use the default TYPE FIRE e Click on Attributes and set the Fixed Power value to 5 E5 W e Set Scalar Source to Fixed Value e Set the variable SMOK to the fixed value of 1 0 Fire Attributes Mass Source No Source Heat Source Fixed Power Power 500000 0 W Pre combustion Temperature 25 00000 gC Scalar Source Fixed Value Setting scalar SMOK Inlet value 1 000000 Set Fire s attributes Click OK to return to the object specification dialog box Click OK again 5 To set the grid numbers and to solver parameters e Inthe main Menu panel click on Geometry 105 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Set the number of cells in X direction to 25 cells in Y direction to 17 cells in Z direction to 10 cells Grid Mesh Settings 0 001000 2 500000 10 1 0 500000 Geometry menu page e Click on OK to apply the changes and click on top menu and then OK to close the Grid mesh Settings You can click on the Mesh toggle button pil on the main control panel to view the grid distribution on the screen FLAIR R Editor pjsjajmaja Ae IR Fire in a ro
34. face is encountered the integration is stopped and the intensity ratio is set to 0 0 as the probe cannot be seen from further along that path For a fine grid the calculation can be quite lengthy as in principle the number of integrations is NX NY NZ 1 If some areas can be guaranteed not to be visible e g other floors some time can be saved by restricting the plotting range to exclude the unwanted areas To do this go to the Plot Limits tab of the Viewer Options dialog and set the volume for plotting and integrating The steps in activating and displaying the light reduction ratio are e Place the probe at the point to be looked at This will often be the middle of the fire object e Click the Main Menu icon Micon on the Tool Bar to bring up the Viewer s Domain Dialog Domain Dialogue Box No title has been set for this run Type Cartesian Domain Size Probe Position Scale X 10 00000 4 750000 1 000000 Z 3 000000 2 025000 1 000000 Increment 0 010000 m Beer Lambert Visibility reduction Go Display unit system SI Cancel e Click Go to calculate the distribution of light intensity reduction 65 FLAIR User Guide Light 100 23 eT 81 75 GF 2 36 50 43 aT 1 25 13 12 6 2 0 0 FLATE 4 6 4 TR313 FLAIR User Guide A new variable called Light Ratio is created and added to the end of the list of variables available for plotting The light inten
35. figure 2 8 Person Attributes _Toathest eooo Figure 2 8 The PERSON s attributes panel Select Posture Standing Set Body width 0 6m Body depth 0 3m 11 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Body height 1 76m Set Heat Source total heat 80 W as shown in figure 2 9 Person Attributes E x Posture Standing Facing X Body width 0 600000 m Body depth o 300000 m Body height 1 760000 m Heat source Total heat a0 00000 W Cancel OE Figure 2 9 The standing man s attributes Click on OK to return to Object Specification dialog box e Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 1 5 m Y 2 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on OK to close the dialog box Next add a vent Click on the Object pull down menu on the Object management dialog box and choose the New Object option Change name to VENT Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 8 m Ya 0 0 m Z 0 5 m e Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 3 2 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m e Click on the General button and define TYPE INLET e Click on Attributes and then click on Method select Vol flow rate and then enter 0 2 m s for the volume flow rate The negative sign means that air will be extracted at this rate e Set temperature to 20 degree C although as this is an extraction zone the value will not be use
36. management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to Fire Select User Defined from the object Type list Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 5 m Y 0 5 m Z 0 3 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 1 25 m Y 1 25 m Z 0 0 m Click on General and then attributes Enter FIRESR in the New box and click on Apply Change Type to VOLUME Set ITF to 1 the first time step and ITL to 15 the last time step Click on the Edit Inform 13 button to bring up the Inform Editor Type the following statements between inform13begin and inform13end as follows informl3begin source of teml at firesr is 0 2e6 exp 10 MH20 tim tim source of smok at firesr is 1 with fixv informl3end Please note that the above function is only for the purpose of demonstration Click on File Save inform Click on File and Exit c to create the wall with a door The wall is made of three blockages Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to BLK1 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 1 m Y 1 03 m Z 2 2 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 2 8 m 151 FLAIR User Guide
37. menu will appear on the screen e Click on the Title dialogue box Type in A cabinet with a fan b To activate K E turbulence model e Click on Models to obtain the Model menu page FLAIR always solves pressure and velocities The temperature is also solved as the default setting Domain Settings Geometry Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Numerics Output Lagrangian Particle Tracker GENTRA OFF Solution for velocities and pressure On Energy Equation TEMPERATURE STATIC Turbulence models KEMODL settings Radiation models OFF Fan operating point OFF System Curve OFF Comfort indices settings Solve Specific humidity OFF Solve smoke mass fraction OFF Solution control Extra variables settings InForm Group 7 Edit InForm 7 Line Dn The Models page of the Main Menu e Click on the Turbulence models button to bring up a list of available turbulence models Select the KEMODL from it e Click on OK 5 To set the grid numbers and to solver parameters e Click on Geometry 127 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Set the number of cells In X direction to 20 cells In Y direction to 20 cells in Z direction to 30 cells e Click on OK to apply the changes and click on Top Menu and OK to close the Grid mesh Settings You can click on the Mesh toggle button on the main control panel to view
38. of coefficient comfort zone comfort zone 0 15397397 3 8820297 25 176447 26 641366 13 110120 00 o 3 1296854 000 0 29260920 4 4 6 Mean Age of Air This quantity represents the time since entry at each point in the domain The units are seconds In dead zones such as in recirculation areas the time since entry will tend to a large value as the air will be trapped there These values should be treated as indicative rather than exact In regions where there is a reasonable exchange of air the values will be correct 59 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide The variable name for plotting in the Viewer is AGE 4 5 Solve specific humidity If the Solve Specific humidity button is switched to On the specific humidity equation MH20 will be solved The variable MH2O has units of kg water vapour kg mixture It is a mass fraction of water vapour By clicking on settings the dialog box shown in figure 4 8 will appear Doman Sailings Humidity Settings Previous panel The solved specific humidity equation MH20 has units of kg kg of mixture It is the mass fraction of water Vapour The following derived quantities can also be activated Humidity Ratio HRAT off g kg Relative Humidity RELH off Figure 4 8 Humidity Ratio and Relative humidity can be derived Several derived quantities can be displayed These are Humidity ratio which has units of g kg If the Humi
39. products of combustion C in kg smoke kg The mass concentration of particulate smoke Cs is computed from Cop p Ys Cs 1 Rox 3 where p is the mixture density Y is the particulate smoke yield in kg smoke kg fuel and R is the stoichometric coefficient in kg oxygen kg fuel The value of Rox can be derived by assuming that Hiu B Rox 4 where Hiu is the heat of combustion of the fuel J kg and B is an empirical constant reported to be within 5 of 13 1MJ kg fuel for most common combustible species Babrauskas et al 1985 1992 From equations 1 to 3 it follows that the smoke optical density is given by D Km Cs p 2 3 Km p Ys Cs 2 3 1 Rox 5 In the literature it has been established empirically that the value of Km can be considered as a constant the order of 7000 to 8000 m kg 4 For example these references suggest the value of 7600 m kg for the flaming combustion of both wood and plastics The optical density is made available for plotting in the Viewer as the variable OPTD 63 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 4 6 2 Visibility Sight length or Visibility distance The visibility in smoke is defined as the furthest distance 6 at which an object can be perceived and it is computed from 4 5 A Km Cep 6 where A is an empirical coefficient with A 3 for light reflecting signs and A 8 for light emitting signs Light emitting objects such as electric lights or i
40. rate in Watts as a function of time is read from a file containing a table of values The file must contain two columns The first column is the time in seconds the second is the total heat release rate in Watts An example might be Time Ot 0 0 6073530000 1203 TOO0VO L307 1050000 24071400000 30071400000 3607 1400000 4203 1400000 480 1400000 540 1400000 600 2055000 The Earth solver will perform a linear interpolation in the table to find the heat source for any particular time The time in the table is the time since ignition This option allows for any number of points in the table and should be used in preference to Piece wise Linear in time if there are more than 10 points In a transient case a file called heat sources csv will be created It will contain the convective heat source for each fire object for each time step An example is given here Time FIXMAS POOL PWLM FIXT SSU00E EU y Ly LOOE EOS Ta hones les PLORSOUS Ue VOU R00 Oo OOD POs abs TOORFO Ss LeS4ontruee SolS ORFS 2 VATERS 1 500E 02 1 100E 05 2 011E 06 8 594F 03 2 747E 05 2 100E 02 1 100F 05 2 753E 06 1 203E 04 2 747E 05 2 700E 02 1 100F 05 3 561E 06 1 547E 04 5 493E 05 33 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide The first column is the solver time at the mid point of each time step The subsequent columns are the heat release rates in Watts for the FIRE objects named in the first row Mass Source The options for the
41. the grid distribution on the screen as shown below FLAIR R Editor oO x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Cy al al S F3 F4 F5 F6lF7 F8 enms ponarN FLAIR A cabinet with a fan Ready e Click on main Menu on Numerics then set the Total number of iterations to 200 e Click on Top menu e Click on Output then set Monitor cell location to IXMON 9 IYMON 9 IZMON 18 e Click on Top Menu and then OK to close the top panel 6 6 2 Running the Solver To run the PHOENICS solver Earth click on Run then Solver then click OK to confirm running Earth Select YES to all on Geometry Replacement Window These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth monitoring screen As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses To the end of the calculation the monitoring display would be as shown below 128 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Spot Values at 9 9 18 Error Cut off 1 000E 01 Min Max Spot Value Change Yariable Max Error Change 2 00E 00 1 00E 00 9 22E 02 2 70E 05 P1 1 00E 09 1 47E 02 1 65E 00 4 00E 02 4 00E 02 6 12E 04 1 05E 05 U1 1 00E 22 2 36E 0
42. the results Tutorial 2 A room with two radiators shows how to activate the IMMERSOL radiation model The Duplicate object function is used for the creation of the second window and radiator The material of the radiators is selected from the property data base A fixed heat flux is used as the heat source for the radiators Tutorial 3 Comfort indices in a room is similar to tutorial 2 but adds a chair and a sitting person into the room This tutorial demonstrates how to activate the comfort index option Tutorial 4 Fire in a room shows how to use the Fire object for simulating a fire ina room Smoke movement is also simulated Tutorial 5 A room with sunlight describes how to use Shapemaker to create a sunlight object in the model building Tutorial 6 A cabinet with a fan illustrates how to use the fan working point option and how to create a fan data file for the simulation Tutorial 7 Flow in a computer room shows how to use Group and Arraying objects features add the desks and computers The case also shows how to load a round diffuser from the predefined HVAC object library Tutorial 8 Flow over Big Ben demonstrates how to import a CAD file in STL format into the FLAIR VR Editor to create the geometry This tutorial also shows how to use a Wind_profile object to describe the wind profile at the upstream boundary The Paint object capability in the VR Viewer is used to draw the pressure contours on the object surfa
43. the movement control panel and then using left or right mouse buttons 100 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 3 Adding objects to the room a add a door Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to DOOR Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 0 m Y 1 0 m Z 2 0 m Click on the Place button and leave the default Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General button and Define TYPE OPENING Click on Attributes and then switch the external temperature to User set Set the external temperature to 24 degree C as shown in the following figure Object Attributes 21x Nett area ratio 1 000000 External pressure jo 000000 Pa Relative to 1 000E 05 Pa Coefficient 1 000000 External values used ONLY when inflow External temperature is User set Text 24 00000 C External turbulence is In cell Velocity X User set fo 000000 m s Velocity Y User set fo 000000 m s Velocity Z User set fo 000000 m s OK Set Attributes to the DOOR Click OK to return to the Object specification dialog box Click OK again b add the first window Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialo
44. variables can be probed or monitored as the solution runs The monitor point is shown as the red pencil probe It can be moved interactively with the X Y Z position up and down buttons as long as no object is currently selected For example x position 2 1m y position 3 0m and z position 1 2m for this case as shown in figure 2 18 Si 2 100000 i 3 000000 dol z 1 200000 NFI Figure 2 18 Monitoring position lt can also be set by clicking on Output on the main menu For this case the monitor cell location 11 19 7 will be displayed 2 3 3 Running the Example FLAIR uses the PHOENICS solver called Earth To run Earth click on Run and then Solver followed by clicking OK to confirm running Earth These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth screen appearing 18 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of pressure velocity and temperature at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses As a converged solution is approached the values of the variables in the left hand graph should become constant With each successive sweep number the values of the errors shown in the right hand window should decrease steadily Figure 2 19 shows the EARTH monitoring scre
45. various regulatory bodies and safety consultants FLAIR provides a state of art Virtual Reality User Interface for rapid model creation and visualisation of the results including various thermal comfort parameters Little CFD knowledge is therefore required to operate FLAIR or to understand this guide 4 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 1 2 What FLAIR can do Dimensionality FLAIR allows the simulation of systems which are two or three dimensional in space and either time dependent or steady Geometrical features FLAIR uses a Virtual Reality VR Graphical Interface for creating the geometry The geometry can be imported from a CAD file in STL format or created by importing objects such as fans persons blocks and openings etc from the predefined object library into the coordinate system chosen The geometry is defined before and independent of the computational grid except for Body Fitted Coordinates Air properties FLAIR uses air as a default flow medium with temperature dependent properties Library of materials Buildings rooms and equipment can be built up from different materials and these can be selected from a built in property data base In addition FLAIR allows the user add materials to the existing data base if this does not meet the requirements for a particular simulation Boundary conditions boundary conditions may be linked to geometrical features objects they are then independent of the comput
46. w Where 1 clo 0 155 m k w 1 tog 0 645 clo The practical range is between 0 clo no clothing and 4 clo Eskimo clothing 1lb 0 454kg corresponds roughly to 0 15 clo with 0 6 clo and 1 0 clo being typical of summer and winter clothing respectively The default value is 0 6 clo The Metabolic Rate is measured in met metabolic units or W m 1 met 58 15 W m 2 The appropriate value depends on the activity being undertaken see ISO 7730 and ISO 8996 0 8 met reclining 1 0 met seated relaxed 1 2 met sedentary activity office dwelling school laboratory 1 6 met standing light activity shopping laboratory light industry 2 0 met standing medium activity shop assistant domestic work machine work 1 9 met walking on the level at 2 km h 2 4 met walking on the level at 3 km h 2 8 met walking on the level at 4 km h 3 4 met walking on the level at 5 km h The default value is 1 2 met The external work is the part of the metabolic rate that is used up in the activity being performed rather than contributing to the heat balance of the individual concerned It is usually taken as zero and should always be less than the metabolic rate The default value is 0 0 The relative humidity individual comfort is influenced by the humidity of the air which affect the heat loss through the skin It is often sufficient to specify a reasonable value for a particular environment but it is als
47. 0 HEFFHE ERR EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE E EEE EEEE EEE Title of current Simulation No title has been set for this run 51 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Figure 4 1 Main menu top panel The buttons along the top of the panel allow the setting and modification of the case Some of those buttons have been used for the simple example described in section 2 3 above and more buttons will be used in Chapter 6 Tutorials a complete description of functions for each button can be found in PHOENICS documentation TR826 This section uses Models button only 4 2 System curve During the design stage it may be useful to know the system characteristic in order to be able to choose the appropriate Fan for the equipment Click on Models button will bring up the panel shown in figure 4 2 Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Humerics Output Equation formulation Elliptic Staggered Lagrangian Particle Tracker GENTRA OFF Solution for velocities and pressure On Energy Equation TEMPERATURE TOTAL Turbulence models eee KECHEN By settings Radiation models OFF Fan operating point OFF System Curve OFF Comfort indices settings Solve Specific humidity Se a T Solve smoke mass fraction OFF solution control Extra variables settings InForm Group 7 Edit InForm 7 InForm Group 8 Edit InForm amp Figure 4 2 The Model panel
48. 0 0000 1 000000 e add the second radiator by duplicating the first radiator Highlight the RADIAT1 object on the Object management dialog Click on the Duplicate object button al followed by clicking OK to confirm duplicating Please note that the duplicated object is at the same place as that of the original object Click on Object menu and select Refresh on the Object Management dialog box This will bring the newly duplicated object into the list of objects Double click on the newly duplicated object to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change the name to RADIAT2 81 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m y 2 92 m Z 0 0 m Click OK to return to the Object Management dialog box f add a vent Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to VENT Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 3 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 27 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 2 48 m Ya 0 0 m Z 2 15 m Click on General button and set value of Type to be OPENING The user can click on Attributes to examine the default settings which are used
49. 01 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hackney hall 1203 76 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide 6 2 Tutorial 2 A room with two radiators This case models a three dimensional room consisting of two closed windows a door The radiators underneath each window produce a total heat flux of 500W and the walls are fixed at 20 degree C The IMMERSOL model is used The Duplicate object function is used for the creation of the second window and radiator The material of the radiators is selected from the property database The following picture shows the geometry FLAIR R Editor Iof x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Cy co Fs SS a fan laa e l A room with two radiators 6 2 1 Setting up the model 1 Start FLAIR with the default room Click FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut created by the FLAIR installation program or Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK The FLAIR VR Environment screen should appear which shows the default room with the dimensions 10m x 10m x 3m 2 Resizing the room Change the size to 3m in x direction 5m in y direction and 2 7m in z direction respectively on the control panel Alternatively the user may click on the main Menu and then bring up the Geometry panel t
50. 0e 010 sec C Along a line Streamline coloured by Flight time Total time Track time Current variable Velocity z Around a circle 2d Circle radius 10 e00000 m Cancel o c00000 o co0000 o c00000 c00000 5 000000 f 5 Q00000 M Showy e Click on OK to close the Stream Options dialog box e Click on Object menu on the Streamline management dialog box and click on New You will see the following picture on the screen FLAIR YR Viewer File Settings View Aun Options Compile Buld Demos Help MEARE Fa Fa Fs Fe F7 Fe enms Velocity 2 FLAIR HENUA N OBE eB eB eee pe m s 022E 00 896E 00 T69E 00 643E 00 517E 00 390E 00 264E 00 138E 00 012E 00 654E 01 591E 01 328E 01 O65E 01 803E 01 540E 01 277E O1 432E 03 5 x A computer room pomas Probe value 3 542E 01 6 7 4 Saving the case Once a case has been completed it can be saved to disk as a new Q1 file by File Save working files The Qi and associated output files can be saved more permanently by File Save as a case 137 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 8 Tutorial 8 Flow over Big Ben This is a 3D simulation of the flow over Big Ben The case is to show how to import the STL of Big Ben into the FLAIR VR Editor The size of the Big Ben object used in the simulation is 6m long 6m wide and 30m high whereas the size of the calculation domain is set
51. 1 00E 01 4 00E 02 9 92E 03 1 89E 05 W1 1 00E 12 4 43E 01 1 61E 01 0 00E 00 2 00E 00 1 10E 00 1 86E 04 KE 1 00E 07 2 37E 03 5 46E 00 0 00E 00 2 00E 01 9 83E 02 6 04E 05 EP 1 00E 07 3 06E 03 1 13E 01 0 00E 00 4 00E O1 3 73E 01 2 16E 05 SMOK 1 00E 19 1 35E 01 5 30E 02 0 00E 00 4 00E 03 2 83E 02 2 29E 03 TEM1 1 00E 14 5 31E 00 2 54E 02 NX NY NZ ISWEEP 600 T IME 25 17 10 IZSTEP OFF Working EARTH monitoring screen 6 4 3 Viewing the results e Click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment e When the File names dialog appears click OK to accept the current result files The screen shown in the following figure should appear 108 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR YR Viewer TR3813 FLAIR User Guide 5 x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help 7 co Kd 2 F3 Fa rs ro F7 re enms poan Pressure 587E 00 568E 00 548E 00 529E 00 509E 00 490E 00 471E 00 513E 01 681E 01 567E 00 607E 00 626E 00 646E 00 665E 00 6684E 00 704E 00 23E 00 FLATR Pa Probe value 2 841E 00 Fire in a room e Click on the Slice direction Y button This will display the result on the Y plane e Click on the V Select velocity button 4 followed by the Vector toggle button You will see the velocity vectors displaying on the Y plane You may use Vector option in the
52. 1 73E 02 1 00E 02 4 00E 02 1 95SE 02 1 39E 06 Hl 1 00E 12 4 40E 04 2 47E 02 6 00E 02 7 00E 02 6 07E 02 3 73E 09 KE 1 00E 09 3 71E 01 1 396E 01 2 00E 03 3 00E O03 2 26E 03 2 33E 18 EB 1 00E 09 1 40E 02 7 35E 01 HX Hy HZ ISWEEP 500 TIHE 50 50 24 IZSTEP OFF Werking aep ede a Bee 6 8 3 Viewing the results e Click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment e When the File names dialog appears click OK to accept the current result files e Click on the V Select velocity button F followed by the Contour toggle button Lil You will see the velocity contours displaying on Y plane as shown below 145 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR VR Viewer File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Help TR3813 FLAIR User Guide S F3 F4 Fs F6 F7 F8 cnm Velocity m s 4 654139 369736 085332 800929 516526 232122 947719 663316 378912 094509 810106 525702 241299 956896 672493 388089 103686 OOOORFRPRFRFNNNNUWWWE EB pots FLAIR Flow over Big Ben Probe value 3 289676 Average value 2 834007 FLAIR VR Viewer Click on P the Select pressure button File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Help Click on Contour toggle button to clear the velocity contours Select the BIGBEN object by clicking on it Click the right mouse button From the context menu which a
53. 1E 01 499E 01 899E 01 430E 02 970E 02 510E 02 O50E 02 590E 02 130E 02 670E 02 210E 02 F50E 02 FLATR Probe value 5 582E 01 Average value 3 216E 00 A room with two radiators FLAIR YR iewer The radiation heat flux in the Y direction QRY 15 x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help WEEE F3 Fa rs ro F7 Fe enms pomm QRZ BPHEWOHASCH HEHEHE HENNANDN 900E 02 719E 02 538E 02 356E 02 175E 02 994E 02 813E 02 631E 02 450E 02 269E 02 O88E 02 063E 01 250E 01 438E 01 625E 01 813E 01 000E 10 FLAIR Probe value 1 201E 02 Average value 5 182E 01 A room with two radiators The radiation heat flux in the Z direction QRZ 6 2 4 Saving the case Once a case has been completed it can be saved to disk as a new Q1 file by File Save working files The Q1 and associated output files can be saved more permanently by File Save as a case 0 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 3 Tutorial 3 Comfort index in a room This tutorial is similar to tutorial 2 but with an added person sitting on a chair as shown in the following figure The case is to show how to activate the comfort index calculation FLAIR R Editor iof x Fie Settings Yiew Run Options Compile Build Demos Help pemakela F3 F4 F5 Fe FLAIR Comfort index in a Room Ready 6 3 1 Setting up the model Follow the step by step instruction
54. 2 1 5008 01 Figure 1 1 The temperature distribution in Hackney Hall e Working offices analysing heat released for example by computers in a computer room of a working office Temperature C Probe value 2 290E 01 2 002E 01 i Average value 2 029E 01 2 054E 01 2 036E 01 2 018E 01 2 000E 01 Figure 1 2 The temperature distribution in a computer room e Safety issues related to smoke and fire analysing smoke movement and possible fire spreading 3 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Figure 1 3 Temperature contours of the hot gases from a fire on a plane through the central space of a multi storey car park all temperatures above 100 degree C are shown in red e Large architectural structures adapting the design to reduce uncomfortable high air soeed zone and assessing the effect on temperature of large crowds VY Wind Figure 1 4 Wind test over Melbourne cricket ground e Underground or tunnels ventilation Aircraft or train cabins analysing transportation comfort under normal condition in a train cabin or temperature distribution and flow pattern under an accidental condition as a fire in an underground As seen from the above examples FLAIR can be used during the design process to detect and avoid uncomfortable air soeeds or temperatures In addition it can predict the effect of any gaseous pollutant helping to achieve safe design of buildings underground systems etc It can also be used by
55. 26 This document uses the FLAIR VR Environment for this simple example 2 2 Accessing the FLAIR on line help and user Guide HELP Button on FLAIR VR Environment Top menu The Help button on the Help menu leads directly to this document and other documentation section of POLIS PHOENICS On line Information system as shown below FLAIR A Editor File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Ml AAE em we About Search Bubble help in VR interface hand set In FLAIR VR information on the various hand set control buttons can be displayed when the cursor is held stationary over any relevant control button For example when the cursor is held stationary over the Menu button Domain attributes menu will be displayed as shown below 6 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide YR Editor Help in the 2D menu of the FLAIR VR and Object dialog boxes The following additional on line help is available in the main menu of the FLAIR VR Environment e Click on the Help button in the top menu for help on the main menu e Click on the in the top right corner of any dialog box then click on any input window or button to get information on the parameter which is set in it For example if you want to obtain the information about Energy Equation Temperature click on the in the top right corner of any dialog box then click TEMPERATURE oe on Temperature button the f
56. 4 2 96E 02 0 00E 00 3 00E 01 2 50E 01 8 37E 05 1 1 00E 09 1 11E 04 1 02E 02 2 00E O1 2 00E 01 7 02E 03 1 40E 05 W1 1 00E 11 2 64E 03 3 61E 01 0 00E 00 3 00E 02 6 06E 04 7 77E 06 KE 1 00E 07 1 00E 04 6 19E 01 0 00E 00 3 00E 02 2 12E 04 2 38E 06 EP 1 00E 07 6 67E 03 5 96E 01 0 00E 00 3 00E 02 2 00E 01 1 34E 05 TEM1 1 00E 07 9 38E 01 1 48E 02 200 Ce Pee C 6 6 3 Viewing the results e Click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment e When the File names dialog appears click OK to accept the current result files You may use the Object management dialog box to hide some of objects e Click on the V Select velocity button x followed by the Vector toggle button eal You will see the velocity vector displaying on X plane Moving the X position to 0 25m you will see the following picture on the screen FLAIR R Viewer iof x File Settings View Aun Options Compile Build Demos Help EAE Fa Fa Fs Fe F7 Fe Ean fea Velocity m s Probe value 4 531E 01 4 429E 01 254E 01 978E 01 FOLE O1 OPI I ea 424E 01 ee 148E 01 871E 01 595E 01 318E 01 O41E 01 765E 01 488E 01 212E 01 350E 02 584E 02 6818E 02 052E 02 BP Wa Wor erErrERNYOENHENNH WWW WwW A FLAIR A cabinet with a fan e Click on Velocity toggle button to clear the velocity vectors e Click on Slice direction Z button and move the probe position to Z 0 36
57. 5 Click on Apply to apply the changes and then OK to close the Grid mesh Settings Click on Top menu to return to the top menu 144 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Click on Initialisation button e Set FIINIT value for U1 to 1 0 e Click on Top menu button e Click on Main menu on Numerics then set the Total number of iterations to 1000 e Click on Output button and set the monitor cell location to 32 19 8 e Click on Top menu and then click on OK to close the main menu panel 6 8 2 Running the Solver To run the PHOENICS solver Earth click on Run then Solver then click on OK to confirm running Earth These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth monitoring screen As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses To the end of the calculation the monitoring display would be as shown below Spat Values at i 10 Ll Bf w Errer Cut eff 1 HOHE H1L O Hin Hax Spet Valus Change Variable Hax w Err r chang 2 00E 01 5 00E 01 2 72E 01 3 48E 05 P1 1 00E 03 1 23E 01 8 27E 02 00E 08 6 00E 00 amp 22E 00 2 38E 06 ul 1 00E 12 3 46E 02 2 32E 00 00E 02 5 00E 02 S 08E 82 3 62E 06 1 1 00E 12 2 43E 04
58. 7991 11 00547 6310343 256594 882155 5307716 132276 758847 38434398 009959 Sem wom mw te FLAIR Fire and Smoke Modelling Save the results as a case 170 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 10 6 Setting up the model for stage 3 We now want the jetfans to be controlled by a temperature sensor We want them to activate when the temperature at 5 5 2 9 reaches 60deg C This can be done by adding an InForm command to the Jjetfans j Add the InForm statements select the FAN1 object and doubl click it to open its dialog CLick Attributes Click on In Form Commands The Inform Sources dialog will appear Click Add Inform Click the empty button under Keyword and select SOURCE Click the empty button under Var and select V1 The jetfans point along the Y axis so it is the V1 velocity which needs to be fixed If the fans were at an angle to the grid both U1 and V1 would have to be fixed appropriately Click the empty button under Formula An editing window will appear In the input window type 22 then click File Save amp Exit Click the empty button under Condition An editing window will appear In the input window type if TEM Oey 560726 9 ce 60 lrixval then click File Save amp Exit The fixval condition tells InForm that a fixed value is to be set Without this setting the source would be treated as a fixed flux of 22 Newtons m The
59. 8 regions in Z direction e Click OK to apply the changes and to close the Grid mesh Settings You can click on the mesh toggle button HH on the main control panel to view the grid distribution on the screen as shown below File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Di co S allea Fo 7 a erm pomar EE ER ERRAN NENE EENH iRENE Bil EERE ane ptt tT CER 1 T Gall eee ee Ease ene Bese aESe ee et Se eaeseae e Click on Initialisation then set the following initial values Variable W1 TEM1 FIINIT Value 0 01 20 The above initial settings are used to secure the convergence e Click on Top menu to return to the top menu e Click on Main menu on Numerics e Set the Total number of iterations to 1000 e Click on Limits on variables then set the following values Variables T3 TEMI1 95 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide VARMIN 15 15 The above settings are used to secure the convergence Click on Previous panel Click on Top menu back to the top menu panel Next a point in the flow domain should be set where the flow variables can be probed or monitored as the solution runs The monitor point is shown as the red pencil probe It can be moved interactively with the X Y Z position up and down buttons as long as no object is currently selected For example set the x position 0 67 the y position 1 85m and the z position 0 44m It can also be set by clicking on
60. AE EEE EE 52 4 3 Fan operating point s ssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn 53 4 4 COMTO NAE K asis EAE 56 4 4 1 Dry resultant temperature TRES ccccccccsseeeccesseeeceeseeeceeecesseaseeessaseeessaaeees 56 4 4 2 Predicted Mean vote PMV cccccssseseceeceeeseeeeeceeeeceeesseueeceeseeaaeeeeessuaeeeeessaaaes 57 4 4 3 Predicted percentage dissatisfied PPD cccccsccccceccssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeseeeeseaaees 59 4 4 4 Draught Rating UP PDA vcsitiacsenneinesianierentahebasipbodsanitabiacttiupieanmitakestsiadecerntantaeiehin 59 4 4 5 Predicted productivity LOSS PLOS cccccsecccceeceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeeeesseeeeeeeseaaaes 59 4 4 6 Mean Age Ol Ail ccxcaiasnsncasiaincmensalbenneciutunicosalentienanitncawonlentscsnieaiiaiaienteataithiaantetunnceadwsnen 59 4 5 Solve specific NUMICITY ccccceeeeeeeseeeeneeeeeeeecenseeeneeeeeneesenseseeneesennenes 60 l FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 4 6 Solve smoke mass fraction including Visibility calculation 61 4 6 1 Optical SMOKE GENS micie a A a A 63 4 6 2 Visibility Sight length or Visibility GiStANCE ccccceeeceecseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeseeenaees 64 4 6 3 KHigNtiNtensity REGU CHOI se n a a a a todeoneadadctiads 65 4 6 4 Denved guantes sgeir a a A 66 4 6 5 Fre PodUCtodal aal a a a eae 67 9 REfEreNCES ririri e e E e a E a ee ene 68 TUNAS a Age AOE eS ACE EEE een Ae 69 6 1 Tutoria
61. Boundary conditions for particles button This will bring up the Boundary conditions panel as shown below 156 FLAIR User Guide 6 9 2 TR313 FLAIR User Guide GENTRA Boundary conditions Previous panel Inlet conditions Particle Exits Symmetry planes Wall obstacle treatment REMOVE_PARTICLE Threshold for obstacle porosity gporos Currently o 000000 Tracks active at all times No Global track start time GTSTRT 10 00000 s Global track end time GTEND 5 00000 s Set Tracks active at all times to NO and set the Global track start time to 10s and the Global track end time to 15s Click on Previous panel Click on Previous panel to return to the Models panel then Top menu and OK Running the solver To run the PHOENICS solver Earth click on Run then Solver then click on OK to confirm running Earth These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth monitoring screen As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses 6 9 3 Viewing the results Click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment When the File names dialog
62. Documentation for PHOENICS TR 313 FLAIR User Guide Version 2010 Title FLAIR User s Guide CHAM Ref CHAM TR313 Document rev 05 Doc release date 10 December 2010 Software version PHOENICS 2010 Responsible author J Z Wu Other contributors J C Ludwig Editor J C Ludwig Published by CHAM Confidentiality Classification Unclassified The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduction and distribution including reprints photographic reproductions microform or any other reproductions of similar nature and translations No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic electrostatic magnetic tape mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without permission in writing from the copyright holder Copyright Concentration Heat and Momentum Limited 2010 CHAM Bakery House 40 High Street Wimbledon London SW19 5AU UK Telephone 020 8947 7651 Fax 020 8879 3497 E mail phoenics cham co uk Web site http www cham co uk TR313 FLAIR User Guide Computer Simulation of fluid flow heat flow chemical reaction and stresses in solids CHAM FLAIR User Guide TR 313 Contents 1 MIRO QUCUOR siosan paas 3 1 1 VV VCS FLAIR cbc te ce ccecesacdenceoeeeceeceuedceceoenestedevccevecavescncteqstcavesseecgeeerscusteence 3 1 2 What FLAIR can CO ss erties decrees ccrstes cugiarnecenestwadeavecsacencutondacdavecceucetsuceamw
63. EC Streamline start Track time Current variable Pressure f From probe Along aline Around a circle Humber of streamlines fis Circle radius 0 025000 m start point 0 000000 0 000000 4 c coo000 ga W Show points a E oa a r P End point 1 000000 1 000000 0 500000 Figure 2 21 Stream Options dialog box e Click on Stream line start button twice to select Around a circle and set the circle radius to 0 5 m and number of streamlines to 20 Click OK to close the dialog e Generate a circle of streamlines by left clicking on Object and New Typical displays of a vector contour and a streamlines plot are shown below in figures 2 22 a c respectively 21 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR VR Viewer lol x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Help G S om fossa ra rs ro r7 re x Al Ol afe mlo x x z of gt lelg mela el rfv cl alele olele n y e vi Velocity m s Probe value 0 357254 0 179180 334983 312713 290443 268173 245903 223633 201363 179093 156822 134552 112282 090012 067742 045472 023202 314E 4 We fo fe elie fe le fe te fe fer lel fe be fe fe SP R pR a y pB oO se 9g et ak E E E E A ches a T ee th a 0 so Ghee ee Samer ai An Ae ge NNR IN Moneta tle Ree Re ee oe ee ane a eS AS Oy SS ee eee O jel ete eNO mate er if shots este amp oe O
64. FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on General and select PLATE from the object Type list Click on Attributes Change Energy source from Adiabatic to Surface temperature and enter the value to 300 C Click on OK twice to close the object specification dialog box e add the wall on the low Y side This wall is made by the duplicating method Click on the wall object WALL1 Click on the Duplicate object button on the control panel and OK to confirm the action Move the position of the duplicated object to X 0 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Double click on the duplicated object to bring up the object specification dialog box Change the Name to WALL2 and click on OK f add the wall on the low X side Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to WALL3 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 0 m Ya 2 8 m Z 2 2 M The Position of the object will be left to its default X 0 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General and select PLATE from the object Type list Click on Attributes Change Energy source from Adiabatic to Surface temperature and enter the value to 300 C Click on OK twice to close the object specification dialog box g add the floor Cl
65. Guide 6 6 Tutorial6 A fan mounted at the boundary of a cabinet This case shows how to activate the Fan Operating Point option for a single fan mounted at the boundary of a cabinet as shown below FLAIR R Editor Oj x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Cy co Cl S dleie Rala lE FLAIR Ready 6 6 1 Setting up the model Start FLAIR with the default room 1 Click FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut created by the FLAIR installation program or Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK The FLAIR VR Environment screen should appear which shows the default domain with the dimensions 10mx10mx3m 2 Set the cabinet size On the control panel Change the X size to 0 5m Change the Y size to 0 5m Change the Z size to 0 7m Click on Reset button ESSE on the movement panel then click Fit to window and then the OK button Adding objects to the cabinet add the top vent Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box 123 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Change name to VENT Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 3 m Y 0 2 m Z 0 0 m Click on the Place butt
66. If you set the System curve button to ON Settings button will appear The Settings dialog box is shown in figure 4 3 which enables you to perform simulation of the flow through your system using different flow rates and obtaining several pairs of data flow rate vs pressure drop allowing you to plot the system curve 52 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Domain Seilings system Curve Calculation Settings Previous panel Minimum Fan flow rate 1 000000 m 3 h Maximum Fan flow rate m 3 h Number of points between Min Max fo Number of sweeps for each flow rate 500 Figure 4 3 The System curve dialog box The Settings allow the user to specify e the minimum flow rate in m h through the system for which the user want to obtain pressure drop Note that minimum value is 1 0 If the user has provided for two or more fans the flow rate should be specified the total for all fans e the maximum flow rate in m h through the system e The number of points between minimum and maximum values of the flow rate The overall number of points is the number the user enters plus 2 e The number of iteration for each flow rate FLAIR initially sets at least 500 iterations for each flow rate The user may overwrite this number using the Numerics control option from the Main menu penal A smaller number may produce less accurate results The file hotdata generated at the end of the system curve calculation will provid
67. In the third stage In Form is used to modify the jetfans so that they activate when the temperature at a monitor point rises above a trigger value The geometry of the case is shown in the figure below 158 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Fire and Smoke Modelling The size of the domain is 10m long x 10 m wide x 3 m high A fire is located on the floor in the middle of the domain All four vertical faces of the domain are open to atmosphere The fire obeys a t law Q a t where the a constant is set for a fast fire as per Table10 1 of the CIBSE Guide E Fire Engineering The heat of combustion smoke particulate yield and CO yield are set for Timber from Table 10 7 of CIBSE Guide E The entire simulation lasts for 300 seconds 6 10 1 Setting up the model for stage 1 Start FLAIR with the default mode of operation e Click FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut created by the FLAIR installation program or e Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR The VR screen shown in Fig 2 should appear e Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK The FLAIR VR Environment screen should appear which shows the default domain with the dimensions 10mx10mx3m To activate the physical models a The Main Menu panel e Click on the Main Menu button The top page of the main menu will appear on the screen e Click on the
68. InForm sources dialog should now look like this 1 Keyword Var Formula Condition source of vijis _ with if teml 5 5 Del Add InForm Cancel oR Click OK to exit from the In Form Sources dialog then OK to exit from the Object Dialogue Box Repeat the procedure for FAN2 The solver can now be run as before The solution at step 5 should be 171 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Temperature gC Time 50 00000 s 91 T8909 49 26318 33648 88387 43127 97866 52605 07345 62085 24169 Probe value Average value 35 27696 FLAIR Fire and Smoke Modeling and on step 6 the jetfans should have activated Temperature gC Time 60 00000 s 91 78909 63 36329 33648 88387 43127 97866 52605 07345 62085 FLALE 24169 Probe value Average value 32 23470 Fire and Smoke Modeling Once again save the case 172 FLAIR User Guide
69. Mass source are Select Mass Source w x No Source Heat related Fixed Rate Pool Fire Piece wise Linear in time From table file OK Cancel Figure 3 13 Fire mass sources The mass released is taken to be the products of combustion 1kg Fuel Rox kg Oxygen 1 R kg Product No Mass Source the fire is a source of heat and possibly smoke only Heat Related the mass source is deduced from the total heat source by dividing by a heat of combustion Mass Q 1 R x Heat of Combustion Fixed Mass Source the mass source in kg s is fixed for the duration of the fire POOL Fire the mass source in kg s is calculated from the nominal area of the fire as a function of time t Area a b t Mass Area 1 exp B Area Piece wise Linear in time the mass source in kg s varies linearly with time over set time periods Up to 10 time intervals can be specified over the duration of the fire Within each time segment the mass flow is Mass M n 1 t t n 1 t n t n 1 M n M n 1 From table file the product mass release rate in kg s as a function of time is read from a file containing a table of values The file must contain two 34 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide columns The first column is the time in seconds the second is the product mass source in kg s An example might be Time Mass 0y 0 00 DU03 120 002193 LGU 00303 240 0 051 300 O03203 OUy UeISe3 420
70. Max Error Change 1 00E 00 3 00E 00 8 82E 02 8 01E 06 P1 1 00E 05 1 43E 02 9 32E 01 1 00E 03 1 00E 02 7 11E 04 1 06E 05 Ul 1 00E 19 1 21E 05 4 64E 02 6 00E 02 0 00E 00 5 32E 02 1 02E 04 1 1 00E 19 1 74E 05 6 45E 02 3 00E 03 4 00E 03 3 68E 03 1 05E 04 W1 1 00E 09 5 18E 03 8 21E 00 0 00E 00 6 00E 04 5 23E 04 4 42E 06 KE 1 00E 07 1 36E 04 8 85E 01 0 00E 00 2 00E 05 1 59E 05 2 30E 07 EP 1 00E 07 7 03E 03 2 77E 02 2 Q00E 01 3 00E 01 2 07E 01 9 38E 04 TEM1 1 00E 04 3 84E 00 9 65E 03 300 Se Pn 6 7 3 Viewing the results e Click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment e When the File names dialog appears click OK to accept the current result files You may use the Object management dialog box to hide some of objects e Click on the V Select velocity button kil e Click on Streamline management button E e Move the probe position to X 5 Y 14 5 Z 2 8 e Click on Object menu and click on Options to bring up the Stream Options dialog box e Choose the following settings 136 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Streamline options Streamline mode Lines C Arrows C Ribbons Streamline width Flight time Streamline start i From probe Number of streamlines Start pait End port Streamline direction Downstream Upstream Both i pixels 1 00000e 01 i O000
71. Number of copies li pipigi Cancel Print range amp All C Fages from fo to E C Selection Figure 2 23a Print Dialog Box Alternatively the screen image can be saved to a file by clicking on File then on Save window as from the main environment screen 23 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide When Save window as has been pressed the dialog box shown in figure 2 23b opens Save Window as file Destination image size pixels width 1074 Height 768 H W Maintain aspect ratio of 1 402089 to 1 Animation fame options Frames per second m Start End Interval Save individual frames as M Use virtual screen to save image Filename vrpic Browse supported file types C gif C px C bmp amp jpg Cancel Reset Figure 2 23b Save Window as Dialog Box The Save as file dialog offers a choice between GIF PCX BMP and JPG file formats and allows the image to be saved with a higher or lower resolution than the screen image The graphics files are dumped in the selected folder directory with the given name In all cases the background colour of the saved image is that selected from Options Background colour from the VR Editor main environment screen 2 3 6 Summary The above example has been designed to show how to use FLAIR to solve a very simple problem More examples are provided in chapter 6 Tutorials where how to
72. Ready The size of the compartment is 2 8m long x 2 8 m wide x 2 2 m high A sprinkler is mounted at the ceiling of the middle of the compartment A fire source is located on the floor facing the sprinkler There is a wall on the right with a door to the open space The simulation starts with a growing fire source for 6 seconds 6 time steps before the water spray starts The entire simulation lasts for 15 seconds 6 9 1 Setting up the model 1 Start FLAIR with the default mode of operation e Click FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut created by the FLAIR installation program or e Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR The VR screen shown in Fig 2 should appear e Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK The FLAIR VR Environment screen should appear which shows the default domain with the dimensions 10m x 10m x 3m 2 Resizing the domain 148 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Change the size to 5m in x direction 2 8m in y direction and 2 2m in z direction on the control panel Click on Reset button Reset on the movement panel and then click Fit to window 3 To activate the physical models a The Main Menu panel Click on the Main Menu button The top page of the main menu will appear on the screen Click on the Title dialogue box Then type in Fire spray in a compartment Click on
73. a computer room with an array of computers sitting on desks A door is open and air is injected through a diffuser on the far right side of the ceiling as shown in the following picture The case shows how to use Group and Arraying objects features add the desks and computers A round diffuser is loaded from the predefined HVAC object library FLAIR R Editor Iof x Fie Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help EAE Fal F4siF5IF6lF7IFi FLAIR A computer room Ready 6 7 1 Setting up the model 1 Start FLAIR with the default room e Click FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut created by the FLAIR installation program or e Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR e Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK The FLAIR VR Environment screen should appear which shows the default room with the dimensions 10m x 10m x 3m 2 Resizing the room e Change the size to 15m in y direction on the control panel e Click on Reset button Reset on the movement panel and then click Fit to window e Click on OK to exit Movement Panel 3 Adding objects to the room 131 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide a add a door Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to DOOR
74. ad Attributes 21x Spray axis direction A Spray position Xpos 5 000000 m pos 5 000000 m Zpos 3 000000 m Spray radius 0 100000 m Number of ports 8 Total volume flowrate 60 00000 1 min Total injection velocity 2 000000 m s Spray angle from spray axis 90 00000 deg Injection temperature 8 000000 gC Volume median diameter 0 800000 mm Number of size ranges ooo 3 FLAIR Dmin 0 000000 mm Dmax 2 500000 mm Rosin Rammler spread exponent 1 700000 OK Cancel Figure 3 16 The default spray head object The following specifications can be defined in the attributes dialog box Ready Spray axis direction This sets the axis of the spray to be along the positive X Y or Z axis The spray head disk is normal to the selected axis Spray position This sets the location of the centre of the spray head disk The disk is always normal to the spray axis Spray radius This sets the radius of the spray head disk The droplet injection ports are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the disk Number of ports This sets the number of the injection ports around the circumference of the spray disk Total volume flow rate This sets the total volumetric flow rate of the water to be injected from the spray The total amount is divided equally among the injection ports The units are always litres second Total injection velocity This sets the velocity with which the droplets are deemed to be injected Spray a
75. age FLAIR always solves pressure and velocities The temperature is also solved as the default setting Domain Settings 2 x Geometry em Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Nume Output Lagrangian Particle Tracker GENTRA OFF Solution for velocities and pressure OH Energy Equation TEMPERATURE STATIC Turbulence models KEMODL settings Radiation models OFF Fan operating point OFF System Curve OFF Comfort indices settings Solve Specific humidity OFF Solve smoke mass fraction OFF Solution control Extra variables settings InForm Group 7 Edit InForm 7 The Models page of the Main Menu b To activate LVEL turbulence model e Click on the Turbulence models button to bring up a list of available turbulence models Select the LVEL from it e Click on OK c To activate IMMERSOL radiation model 85 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Click on Radiation models button The following dialog box will appear Select radiation model x Off ae f Cancel e Select Immersol and click OK to activate the IMMERSOL model e Click on the settings button next to the text IMMERSOL and set radiation settings QRX QRY QRZ to On 5 To set the grid numbers and to solver parameters e Click on Geometry e Set the number of cells in X direction to 20 cells in Y direction to 30 cells in Z direction to 15 cells e Click OK to app
76. ailable Geometry dat Cancel Open as read only select WINDOW1 from d_object public furnture and click on Save Click on General button and select PLATE from the object Type list Click on Attributes and then set the Energy source to Surface temperature and value to 15 degree C Click on OK to return to the Object specification dialog box Click on OK again to exit from the Object specification dialog c add the second window by duplicating the first window Click on the WIND1 object to highlight it on the Object management dialog Click on Duplicate object button ol followed by clicking OK to confirm duplicating Note that the newly duplicated object will be at the same place as the original one Click on Object menu and select Refresh on the Object Management dialog box This will bring the newly duplicated object into the list of objects Double click on the newly duplicated object to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change the name to WIND2 Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m y 2 92 m Z 1 0m Click on OK d add the first radiator Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to RADIAT 1 Click on the Size button and set Size
77. an from Setting List Fans included in Setting currently 1 Show All defined Fans Update Frequency aoo Figure 4 5 The Fan Operating Point Settings panel 55 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e The Edit button opens the fandata file with the current file editor If there is no fandata file in the current working directory the default file is copied in from phoenics d_earth d_spe d_hotbox inplib Any further fan specifications can now be added following the format given above e The Add button shows a list of fans which are not included in the matching and allows the selection of a fan from the fandata file e The remove button allows selected fans to be removed from the matching They will then operate at their set flowrates e The List button gives a list of fans included in the matching together with the selected fan type e The Show button shows a list of all the currently defined fan objects To use the Fan Operating point option you need to do the following e Create at least one Fan object using the Object Management dialog e f necessary modify the fandata file in the working directory to include any specific fans required The form of the fandata file is as exemplified above The fandata file can be edited from the Main Menu Models panel e Create further fan objects as required In section 7 5 there is a tutorial example which provides step by step instructions on how to activate the
78. an operating point to On the Click Settings to show the following dialog Domain Settings 2 x Fan Settings Edit Fan data file Add Fan to setting Remove Fan from Setting List Fans included in Setting currently 1 Show All defined Fans Update Frequency 1 Click Edit to inspect the fandata file Scroll down to FAN1 and check that the values are as follows FAN1 5 on 295 50 Tos 100 ON amp OV Save and exit the file editor add the first chip Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to CHIP1 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 05 m Y 0 07 m Z 0 02 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 15 m Y 0 15 m Z 0 35 m Click on General button Click on Attributes button to bring up the attributes dialog Change Types to Solids Change the Material to 100 ALUMINIUM at 27 deg C 125 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Change the Energy source to Fixed Heat Flux and Total Heat Flux Change the Value to 0 5 W Click on OK to return to the Object specification dialog box Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box e add the second chip by duplicating CHIP1 Highlight the CHIP1 object on the Object management dialog box
79. ar jetfan the diameter is taken as 0 5 Height Width When No the jetfan has no direct impact on the turbulence field other than by creating additional velocity gradients The default setting is No When switched to Yes a value of 22 is set Heat load Sets the heat gain or loss through the jetfan The default setting of 0 0 ensures there is no heat gain or loss Positive values represent a heat gain as through a heater negative values represent a loss as through a cooler Angle to X axis Sets the inclination of the jetfan X co ordinate to the domain X axis The resulting flow direction is as shown in the table below Jet Direction oOo n 0 re Yo X 90 Angle to Z axis Sets the inclination of the jetfan X co ordinate to the domain Z axis The default angle of 90 directs the jet parallel to the floor Angles gt 90 incline the jet towards the floor angles lt 90 incline the jet towards the ceiling 3 1 4 Spray head The spray head is the sprinkler designed for fire extinction It works with the GENTRA module see Encyclopaedia in POLIS The spray head can be loaded through the Object management in the same way as described in section 3 1 1 above for the diffuser The default spray head object and its attributes are shown in figure 3 16 below 37 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR R Editor iol x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Hel Ci co Cl E Spray he
80. asing with time To see how visibility changes click on the isosurface toggle El Now right click the same icon select SLEN as the variable and set the surface value to 10 166 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide SLEH Time 300 0000 s 30 00000 Probe value 28 15135 6 445267 26 30271 Surface value 24 45406 10 00000 22 60542 20 75677 18 90812 17 05948 15 21084 13 3621 11 51254 9 664891 7 816245 5 967599 4 118952 2 270306 0 421660 FLATTER Fire and Smoke Modelling e Regions within the surface have a visibility of lt 10m showing a clear smoke layer by the ceiling 6 10 4 Saving the case Once a case has been completed it can be saved to disk as a new Q1 file by File Save working files The Q1 and associated output files can be saved more permanently by File Save as a case File Settings View Aun Options Compie Build De Start Hew case Open Existing case Load frora Libraries Reload Working files Open file for Editing F csi Veli ra les Save Window ds Print Exit 6 10 5 Setting up the model for stage 2 Adding the jetfans Jetfans are commonly used in car parks and tunnels to control smoke and air movement We will now introduce two jetfans on one side of the fire h Create the first Jetfan 167 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Return to the VR Editor by clicking Run Preprocessor GUI e Bring up the Object Mana
81. atell d_vrgeom replace I st click on the YES to all button to continue As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses To the end of the calculation the monitoring display would be as shown below Spot Values at 4 3 3 Error Cut off 1 000E 01 Min Max Spot Value Change Yariable Max Error Change 2 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 75E 00 2 38E 07 P1 1 00E 05 4 75E 00 1 98E 02 1 00E 02 0 00E 00 9 05E 03 5 03E 06 U1 1 00E 16 5 25E 04 6 08E 01 3 00E 03 6 00E 03 1 58E 03 2 72E 06 1 1 00E 16 7 46E 04 7 95E 01 3 00E 03 6 00E 03 2 20E 03 8 33E 07 W1 1 00E 08 4 63E 01 4 84E 02 2 00E 01 3 00E 01 2 40E 01 1 91E 06 T3 1 00E 03 9 66E 03 1 60E 04 0 00E 00 3 00E 01 2 36E 01 5 72E 05 TEM1L 1 00E 02 1 62E 02 1 60E 04 NX NY NZ ISWEEP 1000 Time now 1 12 20 30 15 IZSTEP OFF h m est 1 12 EARTH monitoring screen 6 2 3 Viewing the results e Click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment 87 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e When the File names dialog appears click OK to accept the current result files You may use the Object management dialog box to hide some of object
82. ational grid Boundary conditions can be set in values or described by mathematical formula Predicted quantities The simulation performed by FLAIR computes values of pressure temperature velocity turbulent quantities and smoke concentration within the flow domain of interest Gravity FLAIR has a built in gravity force model this acts in the z direction as the default which is activated as long as temperature is solved Turbulence modelling FLAIR uses the unique LVEL turbulence model which is most useful in circumstances in which many solids are immersed in the fluid making conventional two equation models impractical as described in section 1 4 5 Radiation modelling The default radiation model in FLAIR is the unique IMMERSOL radiation model which is especially convenient when radiating surfaces are so numerous and variously arranged that the use of the view factor tyoe model is impracticably expensive Post processing The post processor FLAIR VR Viewer enables the user to view the results graphically by displaying velocity vectors streamlines iso surfaces and contours of pressure temperature smoke concentration relative humidity and thermal comfort parameters There is also macro facility for animation All the pictures displayed can be exported Units FLAIR works in SI units kilograms seconds Watts and degrees Celsius Kelvin On line help a user guide including tutorial examples All the functions that are r
83. bounding box the domain size will be automatically stretched to be big enough just to catch the object sitting at the domain edge The user might have to click Reset button on the movement control panel and then click Fit to window in order to bring the whole picture back to the screen Once the user has clicked OK the selected object will appear on the screen and at the same time the object specification dialog box shown in figure 3 31 with the default of General will also appear on the screen which enables the user to continue his settings 48 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Object Specification El x General Options Size Place Name E ha E sport Attributes Type ASSEM BLY Hierarchy Cancel Reset Apply Figure 3 31 The object specification dialog box 3 3 2 Object attributes For a single object simply click on the Attributes button on the General dialog box and an object attributes dialog box will appear on the screen For an assembly object the user needs to click on Name to select a component of the assembly object and the user can examine or modify the default attributes as shown in figure 3 32 for the component B4 of the casing assembly Internal Plate 2x Fully blocked No Porosity jo 500000 Velocity used in correlation Device velocity Pressure drop formulation Velocity squared dP 0 5 Coeffiecient density velocity 2 Resistance Coeff
84. calculation Click on Sources Set the Reference density to 1 189 kg m This is the density of air at 1 atmosphere and 20C The value is used to calculate the buoyancy force relative to this value Click on Top menu and OK to close the main menu b add the FIRE object Click on Eosin the VR Editor panel or the O icon on the tool bar to bring up the Object Management Dialog and then on Object New New object Change Name to FIRE Select FIRE from the object Type list Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 4 5 m y 4 5 m Z 0 0 m Click on General and then click on attributes Set the rest of input as shown below Please refer to section 3 1 2 of TR313 Flair User Guide for the definition of each entry 161 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide I re Attubutes Active all the time Yes Start at 0 0 s End at 3 000E 02 s Initial temperature set _ No Mass Source Heat related Product Mass Source Heat 1 Rox Heat_of combustion Rox 0 992366 kg Oxygen kg Fuel Hemb 1 3000E7 J Kg Heat Source Power of time Radiative fraction 33333 Heat min Qmax a t t0 b Fast a aes b 2 000000 tO 0 000000 Qmax 2 0000E7 Pre combustion Temperature User 20 00000 ac Scalar Source Heat Related Setting scalar SMOK Inlet value 1 000000 InForm Commands The value of 46 9 for the a constant is recommended by the CIBSE
85. ce Tutorial 9 Fire spray in a compartment shows how to use the spray head object and GENTRA module for the simulation of the fire spray in a compartment This kind of application of the sprinkler is commonly adopted in a car park for the fire extinction Tutorial 10 Fire modelling gives an example of the FIRE object for a typical t fire in a simple configuration It also shows how the operation of jetfans can be controlled by a temperature sensor using InForm 69 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 1 Tutorial 1 Investigating library case 1203 This tutorial is to illustrate how to load case 1203 Ventilation of Hackney Hall from the FLAIR library and investigate its settings run the case and view the results However this is a 3D real application and the user does not have to run through the case as it may take a few hours to complete 1 Starting FLAIR with the default room e Click FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut created by the FLAIR installation program or e Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR e Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK The FLAIR VR Environment screen should appear which shows the default room with the dimensions 10m x 10m x 3m 2 Loading the library case 1203 e Click on the File Load from libraries This will bring up the load from library dialog as shown below
86. ces settings Solve Specific humidity OFF Solve smoke mass fraction OFF Solution control Extra variables settings InForm Group 7 Edit InForm 7 ji TIAE The Models page of the Main Menu b To activate LVEL turbulence model e Click on the Turbulence models button to bring up a list of available turbulence models Select the LVEL from it e Click on OK c To activate IMMERSOL radiation model e Click on Radiation models button The following dialog box will appear Select radiation model oft e Select Immersol and the click OK to return to the Models panel as shown below 93 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide d To activate Comfort indices e Locate Comfort indices and then click on its Settings button e Switch on Predicted Mean Vote PMV as shown below We use a Fixed radiant temperature of 25 C for this case 25 00000 0 600000 0 000000 50 00000 e Click on Previous panel followed by clicking on Top pane 5 To set the grid numbers and to solver parameters e Click on Geometry e Set the number of cells in X direction to 20 cells in Y direction to 40 cells in Z direction to 22 cells with the following sub region s modifications 94 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Region Cell number X Y Z 1 1 5 7 2 4 2 1 3 1 2 6 4 2 2 1 5 1 1 1 6 4 8 2 7 3 5 2 8 2 7 2 9 2 8 n a Note that there are only
87. ck on General button and set value of Type to be PLATE Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box Use the left mouse button to select WALLA Oo Click on Duplicate object button El followed by clicking OK to confirm duplicating Click on the Object menu and select Refresh on the Object management dialog box as shown below This will bring the new object name to the list of objects on the Object management dialog box Object Acton Yew Group New F feference Copy objectis Array object s Select All Refresh Close Double click on the new object to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change the name to WALLB Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 0 m Y 1 1 m Z 2 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y 3 9 m Z 0 0 m Repeat the duplicate process to create the following WALLS WALLC Size Position X 0 00 m X 0 0 m 84 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Y 0 66 m Y 2 26 m Z 1 87 m Z 0 0 m WALLD Size Position X 0 00 m X 0 00 m Y 2 62 m Y 1 28 m Z 0 83 m Z 1 87 m 4 To activate the physical models a The Main Menu panel e Click on the main Menu button The top page of the main menu will appear on the screen e Click on the Title dialogue box Then type in A room with two radiators e Click on Models to obtain the Model menu p
88. ck on Run then Solver then click on OK to confirm running Earth These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth monitoring screen As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses 6 10 3 Viewing the results Once the solver has completed step 1 and has started on step2 we can start to plot the results of step 1 e Click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment e When the File names dialog appears change Use intermediate step files to Yes and click OK to accept the result files of step 1 e Click on T Select temperature button T hollowed by the Contour toggle button w The solution after step 1 should look like this 165 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Temperature C Time 10 00000 s FLALIE 28365 Probe value 01592 20 73300 74819 48046 _21274 94501 67728 SS aa 14182 7410 60637 33864 07091 _ 80318 53546 26773 00000 Average value 20 21204 Fire and Smoke Modelling Once the solver run has finished the solutions can be animated Click on the Run animation button BI The animation will start showing the temperature incre
89. ck on the Main Menu button Menu The top page of the main menu as shown in figure 2 12 will appear on the screen The menu date may differ from that shown Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Numerics Output A RAAT TEAR TERA T RATATAT ERAT TTR R TREAT TERETE TERE FLAIR VR MENU Version 2010 dated 26 11 10 FHHTHRARATHATTA TARTAR TARTAR TARA AAT ERAT ATER ETAT ARERR ARETE RT Title of current Simulation TITLE No title has been set for this run Figure 2 12 The Main Menu top page 15 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide While this panel is on the screen you may set the title for this simulation click on the Title dialogue box Then type in a suitable title for example My first flow simulation e Click on Models to obtain the Model menu page shown in figure 2 13 FLAIR always solves pressure and velocities The temperature is also solved as the default setting Domain Settings 21x Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Numerics Output Lagrangian Particle Tracker GENTRA OFF Solution for velocities and pressure OW Energy Equation TEMPERATURE STATIC Turbulence models KEMODL settings Radiation models OFF Fan operating point OFF System Curve OFF Comfort indices settings Solve Specific humidity OFF Solve smoke mass fraction OFF Solution control Extra variables settings InForm Group 7 Ed
90. created by the FLAIR installation program or e Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR e Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK The FLAIR VR Environment screen should appear which shows the default room with the dimensions 10m x 10m x 3m 2 Resizing the room e Change the size to 3m in x direction 5m in y direction and 2 7m in z direction respectively on the control panel e Click on Reset button Reset on the movement panel and then click Fit to window 3 Adding objects to the room a add a door 112 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to DOOR Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 1 0 m Ye 0 0 m Z 2 0 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Ya 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General button and Define TYPE OPENING Click on Attributes and then switch the external temperature to User set Set the external temperature to 20 degree C Click on OK to return to the object specification dialog box Click OK again b add the open window Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to brin
91. d 12 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Click on OK to return to the Object specification dialog box Click on OK again Next add an Opening e Click on the Object pull down menu on the Object management dialog box and choose the New Object option e Change name to OPEN e Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 8 m A 0 0 m Z 1 0 m e Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 1 19 m Y 5 0 m Zs 1 5m e Click on the General button and Define TYPE OPENING e Click on Attributes and set External temperature to 20 degree C e Click on OK to return to the Object specification dialog box Click on OK again Next add the adiabatic Floor e Click on the Object pull down menu on the Object management dialog and choose the New Object option e Change name to FLOOR e Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 4 0 m Ya 5 0 m Z 0 0 m e Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Ya 0 0 m Z 0 0 m e Click on the General button and Define TYPE PLATE e Click on OK to return to the Object specification dialog box Click on OK again Next add the wall at x 0 e Click on the Object pull down menu on the Object management dialog and choose the New Object option e Change nam
92. d EPext to 1 E 10 Set the External radiative link to Yes and set the T external to 300 K Click on OK twice to close the object specification dialog box Now we create other openings by the duplicating method Make sure that the above created opening is highlighted Click on the Duplicate object button and OK to confirm duplicating 154 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Move the duplicated object to X 2 9 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Double click on the duplicated object to bring up the object specification dialog box Change the Name to OPN2 Click on Duplicate object and OK Double click on the duplicated object to bring up the object specification dialog box Change the Name to OPN3 Click on the Size button and set the size of OPN3 to X 0 0 m Y 2 8 m Z 2 2 M Click on the Place button and set the position of OPN3 to X 5 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on OK to close the object specification dialog box Click on the Duplicate object button and OK Double click on the duplicated object to bring up the object specification dialog box Change the Name to OPN4 Click on the Size button and set the size of OPN4 to X 2 1 m Y 2 8 m Z 0 0 m Click on the Place button and set the position of OPN4 to X 2 9 m Y 0 0 m Z 2 2 M Click on OK to close the object specification dialog box Exit from the Object management dialog box as all the objects for this
93. de 5 x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Temperature 2 088E 01 083E 01 077E 01 NN NNNNENE DNN NENDNDAEDANADBDEDANEDNADD 094E 01 071E 01 065E 01 059E 01 053E 01 OATE O1 O41E 01 O35E 01 029E 01 024E 01 018E 01 012E 01 006E 01 000E 01 FLAIR EEE Fa Fa Fs Fe F7 Fe enan Downy a Probe value 2 Q001E 01 Average value 2 007E 01 A room with sunlight e Click on Contour toggle and Vector toggle to clear the contours and vectors e Click on Ilso surface toggle button and move the probe position to X 2 92m Y 1 05m and Z 0 54m This will display the iso surface at temperature 20 12 degree C as shown below FLAIR YR Yiewer 5 x File Settings View Aun Options Compile Build Demos Help Temperature 2 2 068E 01 2 0863E 01 2 077E 01 2 071E 01 2 065E 01 2 059E 01 2 053E 01 ae 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 O94E 01 OATE O01 O41E 01 035E 01 029E 01 024E 01 018E 01 012E 01 006E 01 000E 01 FLAIR EEE Fa Fa Fs Fe F7 Fe enms ponnn o Probe value 2 012E 01 A room with sunlight The iso surface contours at temperature of 20 12 degree C 6 5 4 Saving the case Once a case has been completed it can be saved to disk as a new Q1 file by File Save working files The Q1 and associated output files can be saved more permanently by File Save as a case 122 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User
94. de e Then click on object and close to close the Object Management box External Plate O Surface Heat Flux _ Per unit Area 0 000000 0 000000 4 To activate the physical models a The Main Menu panel e Click on the Main Menu button e Click on the Title dialogue box Then type in A room with sunlight e Click on Models to obtain the Model menu page FLAIR always solves pressure and velocities The temperature is also solved as the default setting The Models page of the Main Menu b To activate LVEL turbulence model e Click on the Turbulence models button to bring up a list of available turbulence models Select the LVEL from it 117 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Select LVEL turbulence model e Click on OK e Click on Top menu 5 To set the grid numbers and to solver parameters e Click on Geometry e Set the number of cells in X direction to 20 cells in Y direction to 30 cells in Z direction to 15 cells Grid Mesh Settings cartesian steady O as 3 000000 5 000000 2 700000 n pt 1 0 840000 1 000000 0 267950 1 000000 1 000000 1 000000 The Geometry panel 118 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Click on OK to apply the changes and close the Grid mesh Settings and on OK to close the Main Menu You can click on the Mesh toggle button l on the main control panel to view the
95. dialog box This will bring the newly duplicated object into the list of objects Double click on the newly duplicated object to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to WIND3 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 1 5 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 8 m 102 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 1 0 m Y 6 0 m Z 1 0m Click OK to return to the Object management dialog box e add the fourth window Highlight the WINDS object on the Object management dialog box Click on Duplicate object button al followed by clicking OK to confirm duplicating Click on Object menu and select Refresh on the Object Management dialog box This will bring the newly duplicated object into the list of objects Double click on the newly duplicated object to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to WIND4 Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 4 0 m Y 6 0 m Z 1 0 m Click OK to return to the Object management dialog box f add the partition Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to PART Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 0 m Y 3 0 m Z 1 8 m Click o
96. dity ratio button is set on On the humidity ratio in g kg will be derived The variable name for plotting in the Viewer is HRAT Relative humidity If the Relative humidity button is set to On the relative humidity in will be derived In this case the water vapour saturation pressure partial pressure and mole fraction are also made available for storage as shown in figure 4 9 60 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Doman ellings Humidity Settings Previous panel The solved specific humidity equation MH20 has units of kg kg of mixture It is the mass fraction of water Vapour The following derived quantities can also be activated Humidity Ratio HRAT On g kg Relative Humidity RELH On Water vapour Saturation Pressure PSAT oft Pa Water vapour Partial Pressure PVAP oft Pa Water Vapour mole fraction XH20 off Figure 4 9 Relative humidity dialog box The variable name for plotting in the Viewer is RELH As seen from figure 4 9 if the relative humidity is activated the following quantities which are used in the derivation of relative humidity can also be stored e Water vapour saturation pressure Pa The variable name for plotting in the Viewer is PSAT e Water vapour partial pressure Pa The variable name for plotting in the Viewer is PVAP e Water vapour mole fraction The variable name for plotting in the Viewer is XH20 The units used to specify boundary sources inlet
97. e a ae ee ee tayo een i raae FLAIR My first flow simulation Ready Z Figure 2 22a Vector plot FLAIR YR Yiewer dof x Fie Settings View Run Options Compie Build Help Clem 2 S fom pomm Sa ra F5 r r7 rel pe al wlolafe mio x x z o gt les elol Miki efr vic zlejelo eleis e Temperature C Probe value 22 95304 20 00141 22 76845 Average value 22 58387 20 66668 FLAIR My first flow simulation Ready Z Figure 2 22b Contour plot 22 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR VR Viewer File Settings View Run Options Compie Build Help S fom poan Sa ars Fo r7 ra a al Olafe mjo xfy z o a ujuja e z vic alejolol elein x Total 397 T 347 322 296 rf ja 246 221 196 171 146 121 96 71 46 oda A 3 FLAIR Ready vy 0930 0 327106 0666 0402 0138 9874 9609 9345 9081 8817 8553 8289 8025 77608 74968 72327 69686 329545 _ TR3813 FLAIR User Guide time s Probe value Z _ AK a E tS dma My first flow simulation Figure 2 22c Streamlines 2 3 9 Printing from VR screen images such as figures 2 22 a c can be sent directly to a printer by clicking on File then on Print from the main environment screen A dialog similar to that shown in figure 2 23a opens Properties Status Type HF Color LaserJet 3500 Where HP laseet S500 Comment T Print to file Copies
98. e fire can be loaded through the Object management in the same way as described in section 3 1 1 above for the diffuser FLAIR VR Editor File Settings View Run Options Compe Buld Heb Z Dc hale S fas Jp a feal HO Al lol cola alejes eleni a J j l j r Vv O S Mass Source No Source Heat Source Fixed Power l of Radiative fraction 0 333333 Power 0 000000 W Scalar Source No Source InForm Commands OK Figure 3 11 The fire and its default attributes 31 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide The default fire object and its attributes are shown in figure 3 11 above The dialog will change as different options are selected showing input boxes for the various parameters Heat Source The heat source set here is the total heat source Qi Qconvective Qradiative If the radiation model is not active the heat source reported in the solution as Source of TEM1 is reduced by the Radiative fraction R to be just the convective part The Radiative factor is set on the Smoke settings panel of the Main Menu and is defaulted to 0 3333 The total heat release rate is still used to derive the smoke mass source The options for the Heat source are Select Heat Source Mass Related Fixed Temp Fixed Power Linear with Temperature Power of time Piece wise Linear in time From table file OK Cancel Figure 3 12 Fire heat sourc
99. e information about how well results have converged The user may also find extracted date and a line printer plot of the curve in his result file Note that Fan setting cannot be active at the same time as system curve calculation therefore if when the user activates system curve Fan setting is active it will automatically become de activated 4 3 Fan operating point Although the user can specify a constant total mass flow rate in FLAIR in real world applications the performance of a fan is described by its characteristic curve The relationship between volumetric flow rate and the pressure drop across the fan static pressure is described by the fan characteristic curve which is usually supplied by the fan manufacturer as shown in figure 4 4 The total volumetric flow rate is plotted against fan static pressure 53 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Fan flow characteristics A mi pasur et 7 et lew pods S pm ysl ro i 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 BO YO 100 110 114 Volume flow rate m 3 s Figure 4 4 An example of the Fan flow characteristics lf your requirement is to choose the fan which will be appropriate for the equipment you are designing you may need to perform system curve simulation see section 4 1 1 in order to obtain the system characteristics which would then be used to determine the fan operating point which occurs at the intersection of the system curve wit
100. e smoke mass source but is multiplied by 1 R for use as the convective heat source Strictly speaking the radiative part of the heat release should be spread over the surrounding surfaces but this is rarely done in practice lf the radiation model is used R is set to 0 0 as the partitioning between radiative and convective transfer is being modelled 4 6 1 Optical smoke density The smoke resulting from a fire is associated with reduced visibility owing to the light scattering and absorption properties of the soot particles Therefore only a certain fraction of light can pass through the smoke and the optical density of smoke provides a measure of the light obscuration properties of the solid particles The fraction of light passing through a smoke layer of a given thickness L is given by the Beer Lambert law Tuomisaari 1997 which can be expressed as l l 10 1 where is the intensity of light in the presence of smoke I is the intensity in the absence of smoke L is the optical path length and D is the optical density with units of m 1 The above equation can also be expressed in terms of natural logarithms Tuomisaari 1997 so that I eSm s p 2 where Km is the mass specific extinction coefficient of the smoke aerosol in m kg and CG is the mass concentration of the smoke aerosol in kg m PHOENICS FLAIR solves for the mass fraction variable SMOK which represents the mass fraction of smoke as
101. e thin plates and four plates as shown in figure 3 19 FLAIR R Editor lo0j x File Settings View Run Options Ci ca S 31 Fe JAssEmpLY Object Management _ O x Object Action View Group B3 2 THINPLT cubel1 on yes FLAT B4 3 THINPLT cubel1 on yes B5 4 THINPLT cubel1 on yes BE 5 PLATE cubet on yes 31 100 Ready B7 6 PLATE cubet on yes 31 100 A _ BS 7 PLATE cubet on yes A mic 4 I i Figure 3 19 The casing assembly A double click on each component brings up the object specification dialog and then a click on Attributes button brings up the panel showing that the material of all the thin plates and the plates as shown in figure 3 20a and figure 3 20b respectively Object Attributes i e 2 x Material 111 STEEL at 27 deg co C 1 Types Solids Thickness jo 002000 m Fully blocked Yes OK Figure 3 20a The default attributes of the thin plate of the casing assembly 41 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide nternal Plate Tix Fully blocked Ho Porosity jo 250000 Yelocity used in correlation Device velocity Pressure drop formulation Yelocity squared dP 0 5 Coeffiecient density velocity Resistance Coefficient 1 800000 Heat sources Sources on Hoth sides Low Side Parameters High Side Parameters Figure 3 20b The default attributes of the plate of the casing assembly The user can scale the casing assembly and place it in a desired
102. e to Wall 13 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide e Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 0 m Y 5 0 m Z 2 M e Click on the Place button and leave the default Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on the General button and Define TYPE PLATE Click on Attributes and set energy source to Surface heat flux of 5W m2 as shown in figure 2 10 Select Energy Source Linear Heat Source Quadratic Heat Source User Defined Source OE Cancel External Plate 2x Energy Source Surface Heat Flux Per Unit Area Value 5 000000 W m 2 Slide Yelocity Y direction 0 000000 m s Z direction 0 000000 m s Figure 2 10 The attributes of the wall at x 0 Click on OK to close the Attributes dialog Click on Option menu on the Object specification dialog box and choose colour code 5 Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box and exit the Object management dialog box The picture shown in figure 2 11 should appear 14 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR R Editor sol x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Ci ce ea S Fa Fa Fe Fe ey Fe cum porn R My first flow simulation Ready YW Figure 2 11 The screen picture after all the object were created 2 3 2 4 To activate the physical models a The Main Menu panel e Cli
103. ects option This will bring up the Array settings dialog box on the screen e Set dimension and pitch values as shown below Array Settings 2 x Group Name lol XPos 2 000000 m XSize 2 000000 m YPos 2 000000 m YSize 1 200000 m ZPos 0 000000 m ZSize 2 000000 m Dimension Pitch 2 5 500000 m x fs 2500000 2 1 o o00000 a Cancel Apply OK e Click on OK to complete the arraying objects operation 4 To activate the physical models a The Main Menu panel e Click on the main Menu button e Click on the Title dialogue box Then type in Flow in a computer room e Click on Models to obtain the Model menu page FLAIR always solves pressure and velocities The temperature is also solved as the default setting 134 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Geometry gt Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources z Output Lagrangian Particle Tracker GENTRA OFF Solution for velocities and pressure ON Energy Equation TEMPERATURE STATIC Turbulence models KEMODL settings Radiation models OFF Fan operating point OFF System Curve OFF Comfort indices settings Solve Specific humidity OFF Solve smoke mass fraction OFF Solution control Extra variables settings InForm Group 7 Edit InForm 7 The Models page of the Main Menu b To activate K E turbulence model Click on the Turbulence models button to bring up a list of available turb
104. en at the end of the calculation My first flow simulation 1 Spot Values at 14 12 9 Error Cut off 1 000E 01 Min Max Spot Value Change Variable Max Error Change 4 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 08E 00 5 23E 05 Pl 1 00E 05 2 09E 01 6 27E 03 3 00E 02 1 00E 02 2 20E 02 3 59E 06 Ul 1 00E 19 4 42E 04 3 01E 01 5 00E 02 0 00E 00 2 87E 02 1 12E 04 v1 1 00E 20 4 29E 04 5 85E 01 1 00E 02 3 00E 02 2 11E 02 3 06E 05 W1 1 26E 09 1 17E 03 3 09E 00 0 00E 00 2 00E 02 2 07E 01 1 96E 04 TEM1 1 58E 09 1 89E 00 2 10E 03 NX NY NZ ISWEEP 300 TIME Press a character key 19 20 19 IZSTEP OFF Working to interrupt Figure 2 19 The EARTH run screen at the end of calculation Runs can be stopped at any point by following the procedure outlined below e Press a character key e Click on Endjob e Wait while the solver completes the current iteration and writes out the results files Please note if the solver is stopped before the values of the variables in the left hand graph of the convergence monitor approach a constant value the solution may not be fully converged and the resulting flow field parameters may not be reliable 2 3 4 Viewing the Results with VR Viewer The results of the flow simulation can be viewed with the FLAIR VR post processor called VR Viewer In the VR Viewer the results of a flow simulation are displayed graphically The post processing capabilities of the VR Viewer that will be used in thi
105. equired to create a FLAIR model to solve the problem to examine the results and On line help can be accessed through a single integrated FLAIR VR interface 5 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 2 Getting started This chapter gives instructions for starting the FLAIR application Following a simple example you will use FLAIR to set up a problem solve the problem and view the results This is only a basic introduction to the features of FLAIR Working through more tutorials described in Chapter 6 will provide a more complete demonstration of the program s features 2 1 The Modes of FLAIR operation The FLAIR pre processor has several modes of operation These are 2 1 1 Satellite The VR Environment provides a graphical working environment in which users can run the FLAIR modules they wish including Satellite VR Editor Solver and VR Viewer It also provides mechanisms for 1 managing input and output files 2 running the AC3D program 3 access to the on line help 2 1 2 Satellite The Satellite is suitable for experienced users who do not wish to use the file handling facilities provided by the VR Environment and are happy to run the individual modules from the system command line The input Q1 file is read and the EARDAT file for Earth is written after an optional interactive PIL command session For details about how to start FLAIR in the Satellite mode the user is referred to PHOENICS document TR3
106. ere the flow variables can be probed or monitored as the solution runs The monitor point is shown as the red pencil probe It can be moved interactively with the X Y Z position up and down buttons as long as no object is currently selected For example set the x position 8 3m the y position 3 6m and the z position 0 9m It can also be set by clicking on Output on the main menu For this case set the monitor cell location to 18 12 4 and then click on Top Menu and OK 107 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 4 2 Running the Solver To run the PHOENICS solver Earth click on Run then Solver then click OK to confirm running Earth These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth monitoring screen As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses To the end of the calculation the monitoring display would be as shown below Spot Values at 18 12 4 Error Cut off 1 000E 00 Min Max Spot Value Change Yariable Max Error Change 6 00E 00 1 00E 00 2 85E 00 6 84E 05 P1 1 00E 05 8 80E 01 2 74E 01 1 00E 01 3 00E 01 8 67E 02 1 40E 05 UL 1 00E 16 3 96E 02 1 51E 00 0 00E 00 4 00E O1 9 92E 02 4 59E 05 1 1 00E 16 3 62E 02 1 44E 00
107. erial and its default attributes are shown in figure 3 26 49 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR R Editor _ lolx File Settings View Aun Options Compile Build Demo Help KEE Fa a Fe ea eala cum poarN ad FLATR Ho title has been set for this run Figure 3 25 The sitting man and the standing man Person Attributes EIE Posture Sitting Facing X Body width jo 400000 m Body depth jo 500000 m Body height 1 440000 m Heat source Total heat 58 00000 W Cancel Figure 3 26 The attributes of the sitting man e standing man pob is shown on the right in figure 3 25 and its default attributes are the same as those for the sitting man except for the dimensions 3 2 4 Perforated Plates subdirectory Perforated Plates subdirectory contains e perfplate pob is a single object plate and its default attributes are shown in figure 3 27 below 46 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide nternal Plate 7a x Fully blocked Ho Porosity fo 500000 Yelocity used in correlation Device velocity Pressure drop formulation CIBSE perforated plate Heat sources Sources on Both sides Low Side Parameters High Side Parameters Figure 3 27 The default attributes of the perforated plate 3 3 How to import the HVAC objects 3 3 1 Using the Object Management dialog box e Click Object button on the Main controls the Object management dialog box will appear on the screen as shown in figu
108. es e Mass related the rate of heat release is a function of the mass release rate Q mass Heat of Combustion 1 Rox e Fixed Temperature the temperature at the fire location remains fixed e Fixed Power the heat release rate in W remains fixed e Linear with Temperature the heat release rate is a linear function of the average temperature in the fire Q a b T TEMPO where TEMPO is the reference temperature If T is below Tmin or above Tmax these values are used in the formula e Power of Time the heat release rate in Watts varies as time raised to a power Q MIN Qmax a t to 32 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide where Qmax IS the maximum permitted heat release rate t is the time at the start of the fire and a and b are constants It has been found that the heat release rate grows approximately as the square of the time i e the b constant above is 2 0 Characteristic growth times and constants for various classes of fire are given in Table 10 1 of the CIBSE Guide E Fire Engineering Ref 4 Fire class Characteristic growth time s Constant a W s Medium 300 11 7 e Piece wise Linear in time the heat release rate in W varies linearly with time over set time periods Up to 10 time intervals can be specified over the duration of the fire Within each time segment the heat source is Q Q n 1 t t n 1 t n t n 1 Q n Q n 1 e From table file the total heat release
109. esane 5 GUNN Stared scrinia e E E E 6 2 1 The Modes of FLAIR operation ccccssccssscseseeceseeeneeeesesenseeeseeeesenaseneaes 6 2 1 1 odel eee ee eee eee ees 6 2 1 2 SE 2 een ee en en eee 6 2 2 Accessing the FLAIR on line help and user Guide csccseeseeeeeeeees 6 2 3 A simple example eciccsicccicecicccicccswen seen winiccencenscccnwenieccsceuiecnewenscosncciecsawensancs 7 2 3 1 Problem descrip esiaine p Eea EEan RAE a ERRAR RA de ERTER RRE 7 29 2 SEUNG Up ihe Mode lsrinin eaid er E E daia Eni an EREN anin 8 29a Running the Example ccccccssscccccesececcesseecceaseeccsegececsaseeeeeseeessseeessneeessaeees 18 2 3 4 Viewing the Results with VR Viewer ccccccccecsseeceeeeeeeeeeeeseeesaeeeeeseeaeeeesaeeeeesaees 19 2 9 0 PUA OMI V en E E E E EE 23 2 3 6 MIN ANY E E E E E E E A E E 24 3 The HVAC specific object files and object types cccsssecssseseseeeeeeeeeees 25 3 1 The HVAC specific objects cccccesseeeeseeeseeeesesenseeenesensesenseoeseseeseneneens 25 3 1 1 ETS Ci asen nese eenecesoupesvees aecdncs a eee ssaneeecqucconae dausaece ase voce acs ouese piasseseaeeeceen as 25 3 1 2 FMS e a a r 31 3 1 3 pS AU E E E A P EEEE A A A A 36 3 1 4 Spray CAG ircccteunecas tvneenanteaneneaMeinnd sandekaasaatcamentuiteanawtetammncinivseadielyamentuitrananeatunecauineten 37 3 1 5 POr O en A E E ER O 39 3 1 6 FOODIE eee danse E E E R 40 3 2 The HVAC specific objects and their default attributes
110. etry r nyet geometry M Outline Facets The List of shapes A double click on the Sunlight object will bring up the Object parameters dialog box for the Sunlight The Room parameters should be defined first It is important that the room size should be the same as that in VR Editor otherwise the window shadows could be in the middle of the room as internal plates and the heat source on the shadows will be lost For this case set the room size Length X 3m Width Y 5m Height Z 2 7m 114 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Set the window size Width Y 1m Height Z 1m e Set the window position Y coordinate 1m Z coordinate 1m e Set the Angle between the ray direction and X axis in XZ plane 30 degrees Please note that the wall where the window is located is largely controlled by the Angle between the ray direction and X axis as follows It is obvious that the window can be only on the West wall if 0 degree in XY plane is specified and on the East wall if 180 degree in XY plane is specified e The right bottom entry box in the sunlight parameters panel enables the user to specify the intensity of the thermal radiation through the window and the Shapemaker will calculate the heat source heat on the window shadows For this case Set the intensity of thermal radiation to 10 W m SUNLIGHT object parameters Ei Ei Window parameters Window position r coordinate m J1 0000 Z coordinate
111. g box Change name to WIND1 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 0 m 101 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Y 1 5m Z 0 8m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 12 0 m NG 1 0m Z 1 0m Click on General button and Define TYPE OPENING Click on Attributes and then switch the external temperature to User set Set the external temperature to 20 degree C Click on OK to return to the object specification dialog box Click on OK again add the second window Highlight the WIND1 object on the Object management dialog box Click on Duplicate object button al followed by clicking OK to confirm duplicating Click on Object menu and select Refresh on the Object Management dialog box This will bring the newly duplicated object into the list of objects Double click on the newly duplicated object to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to WIND2 Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 12 0 m Y 4 0 m Z 1 0 m Click OK to return to the Object management dialog box d add the third window Highlight the WIND1 object on the Object management dialog box Click on Duplicate object button al followed by clicking OK to confirm duplicating Click on Object menu and select Refresh on the Object Management
112. g point is found This option works in the same manner for a single fan and for multiple fans each having different characteristic curve Fans in parallel are treated as separate fans with the combined characteristics of each fan Fans in series are treated as a single fan with the combined characteristics 54 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide At the end of the result file you will find information about the operating point of your fan system combination Note that fan setting cannot be active at the same time as system curve calculation Therefore when you activate fan setting if system curve is active it will be automatically de activated At least one FAN object must exist before this option can be activated How FLAIR stores the fan flow characteristic curve The fan flow characteristic curve is stored in a file called FANDATA The file can contain information for up to 50 fans The format for each fan is Fan title up to 16 characters Number of data pairs for the fan single integer up to 100 Two columns of numbers first column is flow rate in m h and second column is pressure drop in Pa Example of Fan data FAN1 5 Ue a3 OU 0s L20 ONAA It shall reside at the working directory when the Fan matching performs When Fan operating point is active a Settings button appears which leads to this page Domain Settings 2x Fan Settings Edit Fan data file Add Fan to setting Remove F
113. g up the Object specification dialog box Change name to WIND Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 1 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 1 0 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 84 m Yo 5 0 m Z 1 2 m Click on General button and Define TYPE OPENING Click on Attributes and then switch the external temperature to User set Set the external temperature to 20 degree C Click on OK to return to the object specification dialog box Click OK again c add the sunlight window Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Click on the Shape button and then click on Shapemaker button will activate the Shapemaker program 113 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Shapemaker Iof x File Edit View Help The Shapemaker default screen Click on Edit menu and choose Select object This brings up the list of shapes Scroll down and find the Sunlight object in the list as shown below List of shapes El Ei Double click below in order to select shape Flat spiral bar Flat spiral pipe junction bar junction pipe Joukowsky Alto NACA 4 Digit Airfoil Design Workshop File Ferforated rectangular plate Rectangular plate Assembly SuUface property f pague C Transparent Geom
114. gement dialog Eosin the VR Editor panel or the O icon on the tool bar e Click on Object New New object e Change Name to FAN1 e Select JETFAN from the object Type list e Click on General and then click on attributes Jet Fan Atinibutes e Set the inputs as shown above The position boxes set the coordinates of the centre of the jetfan Click OK twice to close the dialogs The new jetfan should look like this 168 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR Fire and Smoke Modelling i Create the second Jetfan by copying the first e Make sure FAN1 is selected in the Object Management Dialog e Click on the Object pull down menu and select the Copy object option on the Object management dialog box Click OK to allow the FAN1 object to be copied A new object will appear at the bottom of the object list e Double click it to bring up the Object specification dialog box e Change Name to FAN2 e Click on General and then click on attributes Change Xpos to 6 667 and close the dialogs There should now be two jetfans 169 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR Fire and Smoke Modelling Run the solver then view the results as before The solution on step 1 should look like this Velocity m s Time 10 00000 s 22 00099 Probe value 20 62655 0 140892 19 25711 Average value Se unre 1 805209 16 50327 15 12879 13 75435 12 3
115. gles referred to below are always in the coordinate system of the diffuser itself not taking into account any rotations For example consider a 4 way directional diffuser in the X Y plane which has been rotated 90deg about Z The high X face of the diffuser will now point along Y Supply pressure This sets the pressure of the supply air relative to the Reference Pressure set on the Properties panel of the Main menu usually 1 01325E5 Pa It is used together with the supply temperature to calculate the density of the supplied air 29 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide By default it is set to the ambient pressure which is also set on the Properties panel Any other value can be entered by switching to User Supply temperature This sets the temperature of the supply air in degree C By default it is set to the ambient temperature which is set on the Properties panel of the Main menu Any other value can be entered by switching to User Supply volume This sets the volumetric flow rate for the supply air in L s or m s Set throw or effective area The diffuser can be defined either in terms of the Effective area or Throw and terminal velocity These factors are usually obtained from manufacturer s data sheets The Effective area can be deduced by dividing the supply volume flow rate by the discharge velocity It is always less than the nominal plan area lf the Throw and terminal Velocity are set the discha
116. grid distribution on the screen FLAIR VR Editor O x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Cy co Cal S j enan ponnrN SRRRESAERRE RARER HERE Zea eRe ERASER RRSP SERIA RASERR CRAKE RARE PTT TTT TTT TT eT TT ETT EEEEEE bat Mee En AT Dl Ltt tT TTT TTT TT TT TTT Ty EeSeee SERRE ER eee ERBBES BERRA EROERERR See ET SS eee Pt it TTT TE TE TTT CHIE EEE EEE EEE SHMRSRRE RE REE REE eee l A room with sunlight The grid distribution e Click on main Menu button to bring up the Top menu panel e Click on Numerics button and then set the Total number of iterations to 300 Domain Settings 21x Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Numerics Output Total number of iterations 300 Global convergence criterion 0 100000 Relaxation control Iteration control Limits on Yariables Differencing Schemes Multi Grid Accelerator MIGAL Edit InForm Group 15 16 17 18 Convergence accelerator for highly compressible flow DENPCO F _Line pn Set the total number of iterations to 300 on the Numerics panel e Click on Top menu e Click on Output button and set monitorcell location s to IXMON 4 IYMON 3 IZMON 4 e Click on Top menu and then click on OK to close the Main menu panel 119 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 5 2 Running the Example To run the PHOENICS solver Ea
117. gular this represents a rectangular ceiling mounted diffuser which ejects air uniformly in the horizontal plane This diffuser type automatically creates 4 4 regions in the plane of the diffuser giving a total of 16 separate sources The depth is determined from the settings made eS JT MY Figure 3 6 4 way rectangular diffuser e 4 way directional this represents a rectangular ceiling mounted diffuser which ejects air from each of the four faces Each face can be individually switched on or off and is a separate source The depth is determined from the settings made 27 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide k w Figure 3 7 4 way directional diffuser all faces active e Grille nozzle this represents a wall mounted grille Deflection angles in the horizontal and vertical planes can be specified The grille automatically creates 2 2 regions in the plane of the grille a i er a i _ att mae Z gt ee 7 al H a aa 2 A eji j i a i Z j N sa s P E Si r Pa Figure 3 8 Grille diffuser 45 deg symmetrical deflection e Displacement this represents a diffuser which is placed at a low level in the room and supplies its air at a low velocity the idea being that air flows out across the floor and then rises thus displacing the air above it upwards A description can be found at http www jdhigginscompany com highlights_thermal_displacement htm Each face of the diffuser can
118. h the fan characteristic curve The Fan operating point option in Models menu in FLAIR automates this procedure you are only required to specify the fan characteristic curve in tabulated form and FLAIR will calculate the operation point When the Fan operating point option is activated FLAIR will compute the fan operating point for a given fan characteristic curve using iterative method as follows 1 Take an internally determined initial value of flow rate according to the flow rate range of the given fan type In this respect FLAIR will ignore any initial flow rate or velocity assigned to the fan by users In the calculation a constant velocity corresponding to the given flow rate is assumed over the area of the fan 2 For an internal fan an averaged pressure difference between the front cell centres and the rear cell centres of the fan will be resulted and for the fan at a boundary of the domain the averaged pressure difference is calculated between the cell centres immediately adjacent to the fan and the outside which is default assumed zero pressure 3 This pressure difference is different from the static pressure extracted from the fan characteristic curve at the same volume flow rate when the simulation is not convergent 4 FLAIR will try to reduce the difference using an adjusted flow rate according to the fan flow characteristic curve 5 Repeat step 2 until the simulation is convergent and then the fan operatin
119. ialog appears click OK to accept the current result files You may use the Object management dialog box to hide some of objects 96 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide e Click on the V Select velocity button followed by the Vector toggle eal You will see the velocity vector displaying on X plane Move the X position to 0 1m near the radiators and use Vector option in the Settings menu to change the scale factor to 0 02 You will see the following picture on the screen FLAIR YR Viewer File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help 5 x co Kd 2 F3 Fa r5 re F7 Fe enms Velocity 2 HENW NAN OEP EB Eee ee 048E 01 920E 01 792E 01 664E 01 536E 01 409E 01 281E 01 153E 01 025E 01 9TOE 02 692E 02 413E 02 134E 02 655E 02 57T6E 02 297E 02 655E 04 FLATR m s Comfort Indices in a Room pomar Probe value 5 239E 02 Velocity vectors at X 0 1m plane e Click on Vector toggle button a to clear the velocity vectors e Click on T select temperature button and move the probe close to the sitting person at x position 0 88m y position 1 02m and z position 0 78m where the temperature is 23 12 degree C e Click on iso surface toggle to display the iso surface contours as shown in the figure below 97 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR YR Yiewer File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help EAE Fa Fa Fs Fe F7 Fe e
120. icient 1 800000 Heat sources Sources on Both sides Low Side Parameters High Side Parameters Figure 3 32 The object attributes dialog box 3 3 3 Exporting an Object Clicking on the Export button brings up the dialog box shown in figure 3 33 which is used to export an object file The user has the options to save the attributes or the geometry data or both The user has the browser to find the directory where he puts the object file otherwise the object file will be in your working directory A3 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Export Object Enter file name myobject pob Browse for file Save the attributes Yes Save the facets Yes Cancel Figure 3 33 The object export dialog box 3 3 4 Object sizing scaling and positioning The Size button is used to check the size of the imported object and then scale or re size it The Place button is used to see the position of the imported object and re position or rotate it about its own axis 3 3 5 Object Colouring and Rotation options The Option button is used to change the colour of the imported object and to choose the rotation centre and rotation mode 3 3 6 Import custom geometry The Shape button is used to import custom shapes as follows e Geometry enables the user to import a geometry from the supplied geometry library e Import geometry from Shapemaker enables the user to import a geometry from Shapemaker Tutorial
121. ick on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box 153 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Change Name to FLOOR Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 5 0 m Y 2 8 m Z 0 0 m The Position of the object will be left to its default X 0 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General and select PLATE from the object Type list Click on Attributes Change Energy source from Adiabatic to Surface temperature and enter the value to 300 C Click on OK to close the object specification dialog box h add the openings These objects will provide the boundary conditions to the open space Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to OPN1 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 2 1 m Ya 0 0 m Z 2 2 M The Position of the object will be left to its default X 2 9 m Y 2 8 m Z 0 0 m Click on General and select OPENING from the object Type list Click on Attributes Click on External temperature and change In Cell to User set Enter the value to 303 C Change External turbulence from In Cell to User set and set KEext to 1 E 10 an
122. ies and pressure ON Energy Equation TEMPERATURE TOTAL Turbulence models CONSTANT EFFECTIYE settings Radiation models OFF Fan operating point OFF System Curve OFF Comfort indices settings Solve Specific humidity OFF Solve smoke mass fraction OFF Solution control Extra variables settings InForm Group 7 Edit InForm 7 Page Dn Line Dn 73 FLAIR User Guide 4 Running the solver TR313 FLAIR User Guide e To obtain a solution for the loaded case click Run Solver as shown below Then click OK to confirm FLAIR A Editor File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Hell KAE Commander Fre processar Post processor Utilities b As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses A 3D real application like this requires 5 6 hours of computing time on a 3Mhz PC 5 Viewing the results e To run the Viewer click on Run Post processor GUI post processor VR Viewer e When the File names dialog appears click OK to accept the current result files You may use the Object management dialog box to hide some of objects e Click on the T Select temperature button 21 on the main control panel
123. igben dat Create the geometry file in The current working directory Yes C PHOENICS flair The central geometry store No phoenics d_ satell d_ object fromst1 Cancel Clicking OK will bring up the Geometry Import dialog box as shown below Toggle Take size from Geometry file button to Yes This will enable you to make CAD X Y Z align with VR coodinates In this case the original size shows that the upright direction is Y in the original geometry file dy 28 5m and it should be align with the Z direction upright in FLAIR VR So we set CAD X Y Z align with VR Y ZX Geometry Import x Read 32973 points and 10991 facets The original size and position are dx 5 282E 00 dy 2 850E 01 dz 5 282E 00 x0 2 641E 00 y0 1 765E 01 z0 2 641E 00 Take size from Geometry file Take position from Geometry file No Origin of CAD co ordinate system Xorg 2 640808 m Yorg 17 64972 m Zorg 2 640996 m Geometry scaling factor 1 000000 CAD X Y Z align with YR Y2 xX Cancel 140 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on OK to convert the import STL file to the VR data file bigben dat Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 6 0 m Y 6 0 m Z 30 0 m Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box b to create the inlet boundary with a wind profile In order to create a wind profile we use a Wind_profile object Click on
124. it InForm 7 Figure 2 13 The Models page of the Main Menu b To activate LVEL turbulence model Click on the Turbulence models button to bring up a list of available turbulence models Select the LVEL Turbulence model from it as shown in figure 2 14 2 x Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Numerics Output Lagrangian Particle Tracker GENTRA OFF Solution for velocities and pressure ON Energy Equation TEMPERATURE STATIC Select Turbulence Model El Turbulence mode LYEL settings Radiation model OFF Fan operating p OFF System Curve KEMODL OFF KOMODL USER Comfort indices KE variants settings Solve Specific g OFF Solve smoke mas OFF Solution contro i Cancel settings Edit InForm 7 InForm Group Page Dn Line Dn Figure 2 14 Select LVEL on the Turbulence Models page of the Main Menu 16 FLAIR User Guide Click on OK Click on Top menu TR313 FLAIR User Guide 2 3 2 5 To set the grid numbers and solver parameters Click on Geometry as shown in figure 2 16 The grid settings are all defaulted to Auto which gives a mesh of e 19 cells in the X direction e 20 cells in the Y direction e 19 cells in the Z direction Grid Mesh Settings Co ordinate system Cartesian Partial solids treatment Domain size Number of cells Tolerance No of regions Modify region Size Dist
125. ived from experiments on the burning of a car vehicle using a Heat Release Rate Q of 6MW and a Heat of Combustion H of 25 MJ kg A was 1 for light reflecting objects and 2 5 for light emitting objects Comparing the sight length formulae we see that Ys A B 14 Ro A Km Taking A 3 B 137 R 1 923 A 1 0 and Km 7600 we get Y 0 158 Further smoke potential values can be found in the literature see for example Drysdale 2000 and Hushed 2004 The visibility coefficient C is now Dmax 64 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 4 6 3 Light Intensity Reduction An alternative to sight length is to calculate the reduction in light intensity due to the smoke The Beer Lambert Law can be used to deduce the effect of the smoke on light intensity LR 100 Iz lo 100 e 2 Cs p Km dz where dz is the distance along the path from a point to the point being looked at Iz is the light intensity at the current point and lo is the intensity at the origin LR is then the percentage reduction in light intensity When the light intensity is reduced to less than 0 16 of the original the object is no longer visible In Flair this has been implemented as a post processing option in the Viewer Starting at the probe an integration is carried out along straight lines between the probe and each cell centre A variant of the particle tracking routine is used for this purpose Whenever a solid cell or blocked
126. ject specification dialog box Change name to MAN Select PERSON from the list of the object Type as shown below Object Specification Ed ES General Options Scale Flace Shape Name MAN E sport Attributes PERSON Hierarchy Cancel Reset Apply Click on Attributes and select Sitting person Set the total heat source to 50 W and then click OK to close the Attributes dialog box Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 88 m Y 0 74 m Z 0 0 m Click on OK to close the object specification dialog box Use the Rotate object up button be to rotate the MAN object until the man faces the positive y direction 92 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide 4 To activate the physical models a The Main Menu panel e Click on the main Menu button e Click on the Title dialogue box Then type in Comfort indices in a room e Click on Models to obtain the Model menu page FLAIR always solves pressure and velocities The temperature is also solved as the default setting Domain Settings Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Geometry Sources ume rice Output Lagrangian Particle Tracker GENTRA OFF Solution for velocities and pressure On Energy Equation TEMPERATURE STATIC Turbulence models KEMODL settings Radiation models OFF Fan operating point OFF System Curve OFF Comfort indi
127. kg fuel 4 6 5 Fire products data For various fire materials Table 4 6 3 1 provides suggested values of heats of combustion and yields of smoke particulates and carbon monoxide see CIBSE Guide E 2003 Material Hiu MJ kg Yoo kg kg Ys kg kg Timber 13 0 0 020 lt 0 01 0 025 PVC Polyvinyl chloride 5 7 0 063 0 12 0 17 PU Polyurethane flexible 19 0 0 042 lt 0 01 0 23 PU Polyurethane rigid 17 9 0 18 0 09 0 11 PS Polystyrene 27 0 0 060 0 15 0 17 PP Polypropylene 38 6 0 050 0 016 0 1 Table 4 6 3 1 Fire data for flaming combustion Heat release rates heats of combustion and yields for other materials can be found in the literature For example Babrauskas et al 1985 1992 examined the fire behaviour of upholstered furniture and found that the data reported varied considerably with the component materials for the frame cushioning material and upholstery fabric Typical values for a traditional upholstered easy chair are Hiu 18Md kg Yoo 0 05kg kg and Y 0 025kg kg NFPA 92B 20056 lists heats of combustion and heat release rates for a large number of combustible materials The stoichometric ratio R can be estimated from the heat release rate Q by assuming that the heat released per unit mass of oxygen is constant Huggett 1980 In the literature this ratio H Rox is taken as 13 1 MJ kg and varies by only 5 for almost any common combustibles Babrauskas et al 1985 1992 67 FLAIR U
128. l 1 Investigating library Case 1203 cccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 70 6 2 Tutorial 2 A room with two radiators ccccceeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneneens 77 6 2 1 Setting up the MOAE l ccccseesccccceesecececaeeeceeeceueeeeeesseesseeeesseaeeeeeesseeeeeesssaeeeess 77 6 2 2 RUNNING the Solver cccccseeeccccceeseeceeecaeesecececaeuececesseaseceeeeeeaeceesseeeeeeesssaaneeeeeeeas 87 6 2 3 Viewing the results cccccccseseeccceseeecceeseeeceeeeecseuseecseaeeeeseuseeessageeessageeessenseesseags 87 6 2 4 DAVING INE CaSO citiin ag e aiaia a a anaa eai 90 6 3 Tutorial 3 Comfort index in a room ssssssnsnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn 91 6 3 1 CHING WO THE MMOGs sec oua a 91 6 3 2 RUANMO TNE SONE ie vse Soret ions oe choked a O Sencar a EN a 96 6 3 3 VIEWING INEOS URNS amcar a a e a toss Pataneusametsnsiat cals 96 6 3 4 Saving the CASE cccceccesseceescccsceceeccceneeceeccuseeceescceseceeescceseeeeeccceeneeessocessesesscaeeeees 98 6 4 Tutorial 4 Fire in a rOOM sssssnnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnna 100 6 4 1 Setting up the MOE lcs 5e secant wiancceeesaeneatbetaedousstieveaccantedeebanccs deuce ieee 100 6 4 2 RUNNIN THE SOVE thts shen cc te lane rs a a a a a a AaS 108 6 4 3 VIEWING METES aeni i a a wheter inca 108 6 4 4 Savino iNe CAS Esee a a a a a ace ee ess 111 6 5 Tutorial 5 A room with SUNIIGNTH ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeneeeeneseeeeseneeeeaes
129. le Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help co Oa S F3 Fa rs re F7 re enms Downy Pre ssure Pa 172E 00 029F 00 857E 01 426E 01 995E 01 564E 01 133E 01 702E 01 708E 02 160E 01 591E 01 022E 01 453E 01 884E 01 315E 01 746E 01 118E 00 FLATR Probe value 6 481E 01 No title has been set for this run e Click on the V Select velocity button followed by the Vector toggle button eal You will see the velocity vector displaying on X plane You may use Vector option in the Settings menu to enlarge the vectors e Use the slice position button to move the slice plane to X 2 8m in the projected shadows of the sunlight as shown below FLAIR R Viewer 5 x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help co Ma S F3 Fa rs re F7 Fe enan ponnn Velocity 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 6 3 5 316E 01 964E 01 652E 01 321E 01 989E 01 657E O1 325E 01 993E 01 661E 01 329E 01 997E O1 665E 01 333E 01 001E 01 695E 02 37T6E 02 709E 04 FLAIR m s Probe value 3 359E 03 8 a ss p o o in a e n os o A room with sunlight e Click on T Select temperature button T and Contour toggle button Cil The following picture will appear on the screen 121 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR YR iewer TR3813 FLAIR User Gui
130. lluminated signs are more easily perceived than light reflecting objects which receive ambient illumination The relationship between visibility distance and optical smoke density can be deduced from equations 5 and 6 as 5 2 3 A D 7 The CIBSE fire engineering guide suggests that people are reluctant to proceed through smoke if the visibility is less than 8m and so for the purposes of escape the visibility should be at least this value In PHOENICS FLAIR the sight length or visibility is calculated according to SLEN min Dmax 5 The visibility coefficient Dmax is defaulted to 30 0m and this simply ensures that the sight length has a finite rather than infinite value in smoke free regions Two sight length variables are provided SLEN which has A defaulted to 3 0 and SLN2 which has A defaulted to 8 0 In earlier versions of Flair pre 2008 the sight length was defined as SLEN min C A B p SMOk The default values employed by PHOENICS for the visibility coefficients A and B were related to car fires in parking garages with sufficient supply of air The smoke production amp potential in an air poor environment a car in a small garage or several cars burning together will be significantly higher The coefficient B which took the value of 137 was computed from a smoke potential SP of 400m kg and a stoichometric ratio Rox of 1 923 kg oxygen per kg of fuel B SP 1 R The values of SP and Rox were der
131. location or modify the attributes of individual components It is also possible for the size and the location of individual component to be modified if the component is disconnected from the assembly e RackUnit is an assembly of four components a blockage and three inlets as shown in figure 3 21 FLAIR R Editor aa joj x File Settings View Run Optone Compile Build Demos Help KEE a Al a Fee er ea INLET ia Ee Object Management 15 x Object Action View Group Affects grid Colour j ASSEMBLY default ori yeg FLAIR 52 1 INLET cubest ori YES 192 5 B3 2 INLET cube st on VES 192 5 B4 3 INLET cube St on VES 192 5 BS 4 BLOCKAGE cubel 4 on VES 1110 Ready Figure 3 21 The rackunit assembly 42 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide The default attributes of the individual inlets are shown in figure 3 22 a c respectively Hett area ratio 1 000000 Inlet density is Domain fluid at a pressure of 0 000000 Pa relative to 1 000E 05 Pa Temperature 20 00000 ie Method Yol Flow Rate Rate 0 014700 m 3 s Inlet turbulence Intensity Turb intensity 5 000000 By Object side Low Figure 3 22a The default attributes of an inlet of the rackunit assembly Object Attributes Nett area ratio 1 000000 o Inlet density is Domain fl id at a pressure of 0 000000 Pa relative to 1 00 00E 0 05 Pa Temperature 30 00000 gC Method
132. ly the changes e Click on Top menu then OK to close the Grid mesh Settings You can click on the mesh toggle button pil on the main control panel to view the grid distribution on the screen as shown below FLAIR R Editor O x File Settings Yiew Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Di co ea S wea bel bea bee tee bee cums powarn aS ES a e sao F aka FLAIR A room with two radiators Ready e Click on Main menu on Numerics 86 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Set the Total number of iterations to 1000 e Click on Top menu back to the top menu panel e Next a point in the flow domain should be set where the flow variables can be probed or monitored as the solution runs The monitor point is shown as the red pencil probe It can be moved interactively with the X Y Z position up and down buttons as long as no object is currently selected For example set x position 0 5m y position 0 45m and z position 0 54m It can also be set by clicking on Output on the main menu For this case set the monitor cell location to 4 3 3 6 2 2 Running the Solver To run the PHOENICS solver Earth click on Run then Solver followed by clicking OK to confirm running Earth These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth monitoring screen A window will appear which says Warning message The geometry for object no 2 has been found in phoenics d_s
133. m Ycen 5 000000 m Zcen 3 000000 m Diffuser size Xsiz 1 000000 m Ysiz 1 000000 m Apply Plane Z Side Low Supply pressure 0 000000 Pa Ambient relative to 1 013E 05 Pa Supply temperature 20 00000 oC Ambient Supply Volume 250 0000 l s Inlet turbulence Intensity Turb intensity 5 000000 Set effective area Effective area 0 500000 m 2 Cancel Figure 3 2 The default diffuser and its attributes 25 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide The following specifications can be defined through the attributes panel Diffuser type there are 5 different types as shown in figure 3 3 Each type has its own shape Select diffuser type 4 way rectangular 4 way directional Grille Nozzle Displacement Figure 3 3 The select diffuser type panel The diffuser types have the following characteristics e Round this represents a circular ceiling mounted diffuser which ejects air uniformly in the horizontal plane This diffuser type automatically creates 4 4 regions in the plane of the diffuser giving a total of 16 separate sources The depth is determined from the settings made 5 ee i i pee ata Pl ei i ip FLAII Square Cistiumer on KY pler Figure 3 4 Round diffuser e Vortex this is similar to a round diffuser except that the air has a swirl component 26 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Figure 3 5 Vortex diffuser 45deg swirl angle e 4 way rectan
134. n the Place button and set Position of the object as X 7 0 m Y 3 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General button and Define TYPE PLATE Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box Please note that we leave the creation of the fire object until after the next section To activate the physical models as the attribute setting for the smoke movement will be available only after the smoke movement model has been activated 103 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 4 To activate the physical models a The Main Menu panel e Click on the main Menu button e Click on the Title dialogue box Then type in Fire in a room e Click on Models to obtain the Model menu page FLAIR always solves pressure and velocities The temperature is also solved as the default setting The Models page of the Main Menu b To activate K E turbulence model Click on the Turbulence models button to bring up turbulence models Select the KEMODL from it o a list of available KE variants KECHEN Select KEMODL Click on OK 104 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide c to activate smoke movement e Click on Solve smoke mass fraction button and switch to ON e Click on Settings and then activate smoke concentration to be in PPM e Click on Previous panel d add the fire e Click on the Object pull down menu on the Object management
135. ne is The default value of 0 0 means no deflection the flow comes out normal to the diffuser surface Positive values mean deflection in the axis direction negative values mean deflection in the axis direction The deflection is limited to 89 degrees When the Symmetric Yes No switch is set to Yes the flow is divided symmetrically in the positive and negative axis directions It is as if the grille were made up of two grilles with opposite deflection angles When set to No both halves use the same deflection angle As the grille is divided horizontally and vertically there are actually four sources for each grille Effective area ratio for displacement type only For a displacement diffuser this is the ratio between the true flow area and the modelled area It is the same for all active faces 3 1 2 Fire The fire object is used to create an area or volumetric heat source representing a fire There are several options for setting the heat mass and smoke sources at the fire It is assumed that the mass released by the fire is the products of combustion and that the SMOK variable represents the local mass fraction of combustion product some combinations require the Heat of Combustion Hiu and the stoichometric ratio Rx to be set If the product mass fraction SMOK is solved these values are set in Main menu Solve smoke mass fraction settings If SMOK is not solved these settings can be made on the Fire object dialog Th
136. ngle from spray axis This sets the angle between the spray and the spray axis When set to 0 0 the droplets will be injected in the direction of the positive spray axis Usually this will mean vertically upwards When set to 90 the droplets will be injected normal to the axis Usually this will mean horizontally When sets to 180 the droplets will be injected in the direction of the negative spray axis Usually this will mean vertically downwards Injection temperature This sets the temperature of the injected droplets The units are always degree C Volume median diameter 50 of the water by volume is contained in droplets of this or greater diameter Other 50 is contained in smaller droplets 38 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Number of size ranges This sets number of droplet size to be considered When sets to 1 the droplets will take volume median diameter When sets to greater than 1 the sizes used will lie between the set minimum and maximum values and will be distributed according to the Rosin Ramler droplet distribution function Calculate link temperature appears for transient run only This determines whether the link temperature for the spray will be calculated or not If Calculate link temperature is set to Yes then two more entries Activation temperature and Response time Index will appear The Track start and end times will be reset to Auto on and a new data entry box will appear for
137. nms Temperature 4 SNHNOSONMUENHSNHMWWWWW We be A 630E 01 ATTE 01 323E 01 170E 01 017E 01 863E 01 710E 01 556E 01 403E 01 249E 01 O96E 01 942E 01 789E 01 636E 01 482E 01 329E 01 175E 01 BC porn TR3813 FLAIR User Guide 15 x Probe value 2 312E 01 Click on iso surface toggle to clear the iso surface of the temperature contour Click on C Select a variable button and select PMV Clcik on T contour toggle The following figure showing Predicted Mean Vote will appear on the screen FLAIR YR Viewer File Settings View Run Options Compile MERE F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F3 cums PMY NO amp amp 065E 02 096E 02 127E 02 159E 02 901E 03 779E 02 f47E 02 16E 02 684E 02 653E 02 162E 01 359E 01 556E 01 7 53E 01 950E 01 147E 01 343E 01 FLAIR oomtN ioj x Probe value 3 530E 02 Average value 4 223E 03 Comfort Indices in a Room 6 3 4 Saving the case The value of predicted PMV is between 1 slightly warm and 1 slightly cool Once a case has been completed it can be saved to disk as a new Q1 file by File Save working files The Q1 and associated output files can be saved more permanently by File Save as a case FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR YR Editor a ey eae eae ea eo 3 F4 Fs Fe F7 Fe 99 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 4 Tutorial 4
138. ntration affect visibility are all set in Main menu Solve smoke mass fraction settings e No source There is no associated scalar source e WMass related the rate of scalar release is linked to the mass release rate e Heat related the rate of scalar release is linked to the heat release rate A mass source is deduced from the heat release rate using the expression mass Q 1 Rox Heat of Combustion This is then used to set the scalar source e Fixed Value the scalar value at the fire location remains fixed Note that some of the source types are only available for transient simulations Not all source types are mutually compatible for example if the mass source is heat related the heat source cannot be mass related Such incompatible combinations will be flagged up as errors when trying to set them InForm InForm sources are set through the InForm Commands button This leads to a dialog from which a selection of InForm commands can be attached to this object 3 1 3 Jetfan The jetfan object is used to create a volume of fixed velocity representing the effects of a jetfan The velocity components in the domain X Y and Z axes are calculated internally to give the set total velocity and direction The jetfan can be loaded through the Object management in the same way as described in section 3 1 1 above for the diffuser The default jetfan object and its attributes are shown in figure 3 15 below Fan
139. o change the room size Click on Reset button Reset on the movement panel and then click on Fit to window and OK 77 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 3 Adding objects to the room a add a door Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to DOOR Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 1 0 m Ne 0 0 m Z 2 0 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 2 0 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 0 m Click on General button and set value of Type to be PLATE Click on Attributes and leave the default setting Adiabatic Click on OK to return to the Object specification dialog box Click on OK again b add the first window Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to WIND1 Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 00 m Y 0 98 m Z 0 87 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y 1 28 m Z 1 0m Click on Shape and a click on Geometry selection will bring up the following dialog box 78 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Save As ki x Save in E D_object Tl ce Save as type Av
140. o possible to calculate the humidity as part of the simulation lf humidity is calculated it is important to specify realistic conditions at domain inlets and at sources people surfaces The default value is 50 58 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 4 4 3 Predicted percentage dissatisfied PPD PPD is an index defined in ISO 7730 that predicts the percentage of a large group of people who are likely to feel too warm or too cool i e the percentage of a large group of people who would vote for values other than 0 1 or 1 on the thermal sensation scale used for PMV The required input parameters are the same as for PMV 4 4 4 Draught Rating PPDR PPDR is defined in ISO 7730 as the percentage of people dissatisfied due to draught using the following equation PPDR 34 T V 0 05 0 37 V 1 3 14 where T is the local air temperature V is the local air velocity and is the local turbulence intensity in In Flair it is derived from the local turbulence quantities and the local absolute velocity 100 k V where k is the local turbulent kinetic energy KE 4 4 5 Predicted productivity Loss PLOS PLOS the loss in performance in by people occupying the space is defined by Roelofsen as PLOS by b PMV bsPMV bsPMV bg PMV bsPMV bgPMV where PMV is the local Predicted Mean Vote and the regression coefficients b4 bg are given in the table below Regression Warm side
141. ollowing information will be displayed Energy Equation The energy equation can be solved in one of two forms Enthalpy H1 H 2 or Temperature TEM1 TEM The enthalpy form is often more suited to combustion applications the temperature form to conjugate heat transfer E Cancel 2 3 A simple example 2 3 1 Problem description Figure 2 1 shows the geometry of the example The problem solved involves a room containing an air opening a vent a standing person floor and walls held at a constant temperature The room is 5m long 3m wide and 2 7m high The opening measures 0 8 m x 1 0 m and introduces a cold air jet into the room to ventilate it The vent is 0 8 m x 0 5 m The interaction of inertial forces buoyancy forces and turbulent mixing is important in affecting the penetration and trajectory of the supply air 7 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Figure 2 1 The simple example We will take the following steps to set up the model or OO N gt 6 T to start the FLAIR application with the default room to re size the room add objects to the room to activate the physical models to specify the grid number in each direction the grid will be generated automatically and specify solver parameters to calculate a solution to examine the results The remaining sections provide step by step instructions on how to set up the model 2 3 2 Setting up the model 2 3 2 1 Star
142. om X The grid distribution 106 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Instead of using Geometry menu you may also set the grid numbers on the screen as follows Click on the Mesh toggle button HH The default mesh shown as orange lines will appear on the screen Click anywhere on the image and the Grid mesh settings dialog box will appear Change the Grid Dimension to 25 cells in X 17 cells in Y and 10 cells in Z e Click on main Menu button and then on Initialisation then set the following Initial values Variable W1 KE EP TEM1 FIINIT Value 0 01 0 01 0 001 20 e Click on Top menu to return to the top menu e Click on Main menu on Numerics e Set the Total number of iterations to 600 Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Ti Output Total number of iterations 600 Global convergence criterion 0 100000 3 Relaxation control Iteration control Limits on Yariables Differencing Schemes Multi Grid Accelerator MIGAL Edit InForm Group 15 16 17 18 Convergence accelerator for highly compressible flow DENPCO F Page Dn Line Dn Set the Total number of iterations to 600 e Click on Relaxation control then set the following values Variable P1 U1 V1 W1 TEM1 DENI DTFALS 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 E3 0 3 e Click on Previous pane l e Click on Top menu back to the top menu panel e Next a point in the flow domain should be set wh
143. on and set Position of the object as X 0 1 m Y 0 15 m Z 0 7 m Click on General button and Define TYPE OPENING Click on Attributes set External Temperature to User Set and then set the external temperature to 20 degree C Click on OK to return to the object specification dialog box Click OK again b add the fan object Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to FAN Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 2 m Ya 0 0 m Z 0 3 m Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 15 m Y 0 0 m Z 0 2m Click on General button and Define TYPE FAN Click on Attributes button to bring up the attributes dialog Change the Fan Velocities Method to Fan Flow Rate and then the Rate to 0 025 m3 s Change the Temperature to 20 degree C Change Include in matching to YES Change Fan Type to FAN1 Click on OK to return to the object specification dialog box Click on Shape button Click on Geometry selection Select fan from d_object public equipmt and then click on save button to return to the object specification dialog box Click OK again check the fan data file 124 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on Main menu and Models Turn F
144. ppears select surface contour De select BIGBEN by clicking on the background The pressure distribution upon the Big Ben will be displayed as shown below S F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F3 cum Pressure Pa 360593 6 140605 4 920618 3 700630 gt 1 480642 260654 0 040667 1 179321 2 399309 3 619296 4 839284 6 059272 7 279260 8 499248 B 9 719234 10 93922 12 15921 FLAIR Flow over Big Ben posrn Probe value 0 432501 Re ady 6 8 4 Saving the case 146 Once a case has been completed it can be saved to disk as a new Q1 file by File Save working files The Q1 and associated output files can be saved more permanently by File Save as a case FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 147 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 9 Tutorial 9 Fire spray in a compartment This example provides step by step instructions on how to activate GENTRA module which solves the dispersed phase equations using Lagrangian methods and how to load and define the spray head object for the simulation of fire extinction In Form is used to define the transient fire source which is the function of time and the concentration of the water vapour The geometry of the case is shown in the figure below FLAIR R Editor olx File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help KAE cran ponmnrN FLAIR Fire Spray in a compartment
145. r Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Person Attributes Posture Standing Facing X Body width 0 400000 m Body depth 0 250000 m Body height 1 800000 m Heat source Total heat 58 00000 W cancel Figure 3 17 The default Person object The Posture button allows a choice of Standing as in the image above Sitting or User If User is selected the Size and Position dialogs on the Object Specification dialog can be used to size and rotate the image The Facing button toggles through X X Y and Y to determine which direction the person faces The heat source can be Total heat in W of fixed temperature in Centigrade 3 1 6 People The People object is used to represent the heat load of a large number of people for example the audience in a theatre It does not apply a resistance to motion People Attributes 21x Heat source Total heat 58 00000 W cancel Figure 3 18 The default People object 40 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide 3 2 The HVAC specific objects and their default attributes The predefined HVAC specific object files contain both geometry information and the default attributes of the object or assembly They are stored in the directory phoenics d_satell d_object public flair and its subdirectories as described below 3 2 1 Cabinets subdirectory Cabinets subdirectory contains the following object files e Casing is an assembly of seven components thre
146. rature 4 SNHNOSONNHS WW WWWW We be A 692E 01 545E 01 398E 01 251E 01 104E 01 957E 01 810E 01 663E 01 K17E 01 370E 01 223E 01 076E 01 929E 01 782E 01 635E 01 486E 01 341E 01 FLATR BC porn Probe value 2 387E 01 A room with two radiators e Click on iso surface toggle to clear the iso surface contours e Click on C selct a variable button and select from the Viewer Options dialog box the radiation heat flux in the X direction QRX e Move the probe to X position 0 18m and click on Contour toggle to display the QRX contours as shown below two radiator objects were hiden FLAIR YR iewer File Settings View Run Options Compile Bold Demas Help o x EE Fa Fa Fs Fe F7 Fe enan re Ri NNN amp HOR RFP RP RP DSHS DSNS WW WW 5T6E 02 339E 02 102E 02 665E 02 626E 02 391E 02 154E 02 917TE 02 680E 02 443E 02 206E 02 685E 01 314E 01 944E 01 5T3E 01 026E 00 168E 01 FLAIR Downy Probe value 2 755E 01 Average value 4 352E 01 A room with two radiators The radiation heat flux in the X direction QRX e Similarly you can draw QRY and QRZ contours as shown below 89 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR YR iewer 15 xi File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help co Kd 2 F3 Fa rs re F7 Fe cums ponn oa ORY ar 2 2 a 1 T 890E 02 350E 02 810E 02 270E 02 300E 01 90
147. re 3 28 Pile Es Object Management Object Acton View Group ial eee Affects grid Colour Copy abject s Import Object E cubetl ae ves 176 5 Array object s DRAG LIFT drag an no AQ Select All Retresh Close Figure 3 28 The Object Management dialog box e Click Object pull down menu Object on the Object Management The selection of New and Import will bring you straight to the prepared HVAC data base as shown in figure 3 29 47 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Ci 2 Look in E flair cil cabinets diffusers L jet fans L living perforated plates Files of type Object Files pob Cancel Open as read only Figure 3 29 The Import Object dialog box All the object files pob file are kept in the directory d_object public flair and its subdirectories The supplied objects are divided into a number of classes with fairly self explanatory names for example a casing can be found in flair cabinets directory Enter the directory and select the desired object then a click on Open brings up the dialog box shown in figure 3 30 which allows the user to define the position of the selected object relative to the domain origin 0 0 0 Position of Imported Assembly ki x XPOS fa 500000 m YPos fa 500000 m Pos 2 900000 m Cancel Figure 3 30 The default position of the selected object If the origin defined is outside the domain
148. rge velocity and hence Effective area are deduced using a jet formula and the jet decay constant The depth of the diffuser except grille and displacement is deduced by dividing the Effective area by the active perimeter Swirl angle for Vortex type only This sets the amount of swirl induced by the diffuser A value of zero gives no swirl equivalent to a round diffuser the flow is purely radial A value of 90 means the flow is purely tangential Positive angles produce anti clockwise swirl when looking down on the diffuser This is usually the angle the diffuser blades are set to Angles from Z axis for Grille Nozzle type only Diffucer Abtnbube Diffuser type Grille Nozzle Diffuser position Keen 0 500000 m Ycen fo 500000 m Zcen 0 300000 m Diffuser size Ysiz 1 000000 m Zsiz 0 000000 m Apply Plane X Side Low Supply pressure 0 000000 Pa Ambient relative to 1 013E 05 Pa Supply temperature 20 00000 C Ambient Supply Volume 250 0000 l s Inlet turbulence Intensity Turb intensity 5 000000 Set effective area Effective area Angles from X axis In Y X plane V dir 0 000000 deg Symmetric Yes In Z X plane W dir 0 000000 deg Symmetric Yes Cancel eon Figure 3 10 The Grille diffuser and its attributes 30 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide This specifies the deflection from the normal to the plane of the diffuser in each of the other two directions If the pla
149. ribution Cell power Cells in region Power ratio Symmetric Edit all regions in Cancel Time dependence Steady on Settings X Auto Y Auto Z Auto 3 000000 5 000000 2 700000 m Pe eS ee 1 000E 3 1 000E 3 1 000z 3 m Power law Power law Power law Free Set Set oe ce pee Ho Ho Ho X direction XY direction Z direction apply Figure 2 16 Geometry menu page This mesh is adequate for the example but would need to be refined for a more accurate solution The function of the Grid Mesh Settings dialog is explained in TR326 Click on OK to apply the changes and close the Grid mesh Settings Click on Main menu on Numerics then on Total number of iterations Set the number of sweeps in this window to 500 as shown in figure 2 17 17 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide Domain Settings 21x Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Numerics Output Total number of iterations 500 Global convergence criterion 0 100000 Relaxation control Iteration control Limits on Yariables Differencing Schemes Multi Grid Accelerator MIGAL Edit InForm Group 15 16 17 18 Convergence accelerator for highly compressible flow DENPCO F Line Dn Figure 2 17 Set the Total number of iterations to 500 Click on Top menu back to the top menu panel e Next a point in the flow domain should be set where the flow
150. ring up the Object specification dialog box e Change name to BIGBEN e Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 40 0 m Y 40 0 m Z 0 0 m Object Specification zX General Options Scale Place Shape Rotation angle about asis deg x ooo w om0 5 z om0 Object position m x ooon w soo z om0 5 Cancel Reset Apply e Click on Shape button This will bring up the Shape dialog box as shown below Object Specification Ei General Options Scale Place Shape Geometry Import geomet from Shapemaker Import CAD geometry fron STL File DAF File Cancel Reset Apply e Click on the Import CAD geometry from STL File button This will bring up a Open file dialog box initially diaplying STL files in the working direction e Locate the bigben stl in the directory phoenics d_intfac d_cadpho d_stl as shown below 139 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide a Gl ef e Bigben Ship Club Skiff_s Firject Turbine Pipes Scheu File name Bigben Files of type STL Files stl Cancel Open as read only We Click on Open button to load the bigben stl file The Import STL data dialog will appear on the screen as shown below Import STL Data 2 xi The STL file C PHOENICS D INTFAC D CADPHO D STL B igben s is to be converted into the R geometry file b
151. rth click on Run then Solver then click on OK to confirm running Earth These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth monitoring screen To the end of the calculation the monitoring display would be as shown below Spot Values at 4 3 4 Error Cut off 1 000E 01 Min Max Spot Value Change Yariable Max Error Change 2 00E 00 0 00E 00 6 47E 01 9 24E 06 P1 1 00E 05 1 03E 01 2 37E 02 0 00E 00 2 00E 01 1 59E 02 1 03E 05 U1 1 00E 18 6 96E 04 4 77E 01 0 00E 00 6 00E 01 3 42E 01 3 93E 06 1 1 00E 18 2 99E 04 4 10E 01 0 00E 00 4 00E 01 7 02E 02 2 47E 05 W1 1 00E 09 9 30E 02 9 53E 01 0 00E 00 3 00E 02 2 00E 01 0 00E 00 TEM1 1 00E 086 4 59E 01 5 84E 05 NX NY NZ ISWEEP 300 T IME 20 30 15 IZSTEP OFF Working EARTH monitoring screen As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses 6 5 3 Viewing the results e Click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment e When the File names dialog appears click OK to accept the current result files The screen shown in the following figure should appear 120 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR YR Viewer TR3813 FLAIR User Guide 15 x Fi
152. s e Click on the V Select velocity button followed by the Vector toggle F You will see the velocity vectors displaying on the X plane Move the X position to 0 05m and use Vector option in the Settings menu to change the scale factor to 0 02 You will see the following picture on the screen FLAIR YR Yiewer iof x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help MEARE Fa Fa Fs Fe F7 Fe enan poan Velocity m s Probe value 1 954E 01 1 312E 02 1 832E 01 1 710E 01 1 588E O01 1 466E 01 1 344E 01 1 222E 01 1 099E 01 9 774E 02 553E 02 333E 02 112E 02 892E 02 671E 02 451E 02 1 230E 02 9 489E 05 A w gmp gr l co v m 2 Fa P a ae A Wom amp m war 8 N N He aaa m Se e Oe L n n ee ee ee T O Pa A M A DA R _ yos _ _ w K FLAIR A room with two radiators e Click on V toggle to clear the velocity vectors e Move the probe to the middle of the room i e x position 1 1m y position 2 6m z position 1 2m e Click on T Select temperature button 2 and iso surface toggle button 4 The following picture will appear on the screen which shows the iso surface contours at the temperature of 23 87 deg C 88 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR YR Viewer File Settings View Run Options Compile Bod Wenas Help TR3813 FLAIR User Guide 5 x 7 co Md 2 F3 Fa r5 ro F7 Fe enms Tempe
153. s Cancel Select case 1203 and click OK to confirm the selected case number and then OK to load it There will be a display window which provides a link to the description Click on the link you will see the following details The case was three dimensional and the flow was steady The geometry within the domain was created using PHOENICS VR As the auditorium was very nearly symmetrical only half of the domain was modelled The theatre includes balconies modelled as a series of stepped Cartesian blockages and a new object was created to model the curved roof and stage The computational domain is 33m long by 11 4m wide by 12 7m high a 60 20 50 cells Cartesian grid was used and PARSOL technique was used to map the non Cartesian elements of the geometry e g the curved roof and stage The domain is filled with air and ideal gas law was used in calculating pressure temperature density relationships The roof floors and walls were modelled using a material with the following properties density 1700kg m specific heat 800J kg deg K thermal conductivity 0 62W m deg K The effects of gravity were included by way of sources of momentum in the equations for the z component velocity using the built in buoyancy facilities available in PHOENICS The LVEL model of turbulence is used to close the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations The air supply under the balcony on the long side of the theatre is introduced a
154. s a The Main Menu panel Click on the Main Menu button The top page of the main menu will appear on the screen Click on the Title dialogue box Then type in Flow over Big Ben Click on Models to obtain the Model menu page Click on Temperature button and switch energy equation OFF as shown below Geometry Models Properties Initialisation Help Top menu Sources Numerics Output Lagrangian Particle Tracker GENTRA OFF Solution for velocities and pressure ON Energy Equation OFF Turbulence models KEMODL settings Radiation models OFF Fan operating point OFF System Curve OFF Comfort indices settings Solve Specific humidity OFF Solve smoke mass fraction OFF Solution control Extra variables settings InForm Group 7 Edit InForm 7 Page Dn Line Dn b To activate K E turbulence model Click on the Turbulence models button to bring up a list of available turbulence models Select the KEMODL from it Click on OK Click on Top menu 5 To set the grid numbers and to solver parameters Click on Geometry Click on X Auto to switch to X Manual Do the same for Y and Z We will set the cell numbers ourselves Set the number of cells In X direction to 50 cells in Y direction to 50 cells in Z direction to 24 cells Modify region 2 in X direction and change Cell in region to 5 Modify region 2 in Y direction and change Cell in region to
155. s for Tutorial 2 in section 6 2 1 from 1 Start FLAIR with the default room to 3 Adding objects to the room j add the adiabatic walls at the x plane west Then we add a sitting person and a chair as follows 1 Start FLAIR with the default room The same as for tutorial 2 2 Resize the room The same as for tutorial 2 3 Adding objects to the room a b c d e f g h i j sections are the same as for tutorial 2 k add a chair e Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box e Change name to CHAIR e Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 0 46 m Y 0 39 m Z 1 0 m 21 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 75 m Y 0 6 m Z 0 0 m Click on the Shape button and click on Geometry Select Chair2s from d_object public furnture and click on Save Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box Use the Rotate object up button located at top of Main Menu he to rotate the CHAIR object until the seat faces the positive y direction I add a sitting person The PERSON object is used to set the heat source Its material is the domain material air in this case Click on the Object menu and select New New Object on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Ob
156. s nlS asnan E a ateauienis 157 6 9 4 Gavino Te Ca Goonies eaa r A a N 158 6 10 Tutorial 10 Fire and Smoke Modelling ccccesseeessseseeseeeeneesenees 158 6 10 1 Setting up the Model for stage 1 20 ceeeesececcceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeseeeaeeeessseaeeeeessaeaess 159 6 10 2 RUNNING Ne SONER arnei tetas alee devel cdldatetul ots ean toed nce daul sleet R 165 6 10 3 Viewing te SSCS rite encarta shack Gel eld Cl tak tle et Rs ilar 165 6 10 4 Savino INS CaSe riaa eaters eek st etait ea a a e 167 6 10 5 Setting Up the model for stage 2 eeeecccccssssececccaeeeeeeecceeeeeeeseeeeeeeeseaeaeeeseeseaees 167 6 10 6 Setting up the Model for Stage 3 eee cecccseseeececeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeesseaeeeeeesaaaees 171 2 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 1 Introduction 1 1 What is FLAIR FLAIR is a special purpose program for Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning HVAC systems that are required to deliver thermal comfort health and safety air quality and contamination control FLAIR provides designers with a powerful and easy to use tool which can be used for the prediction of airflow patterns temperature distributions and smoke movement in buildings and other enclosed spaces For example e Commercial or residential buildings analysing flow pattern and thermal behaviour within single rooms or whole buildings Tespsrstars 7 S00 07 Z dIE L 2 J57E 01 7 Sethi 2 fd Oe OD 2 LaTe e L pJ L L S878 0
157. s openings volume sources can be set on the dialogs for the individual objects The options are e Specific Humidity Mass fraction kg kg kg s e Humidity ratio g kg g s e Relative humidity The default is Specific Humidity 4 6 Solve smoke mass fraction including Visibility calculation If the Solve smoke mass fraction button is switched to ON FLAIR will solve an equation for the mass fraction of a contaminant usually the smoke from a fire If the solve smoke mass fraction button is set to ON the parameters controlling the smoke production by the fire can be set from the settings menu as shown in figure 4 10 61 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Domain Seringas Smoke Settings Previous panel The solved smoke concentration equation SMOK has units of kg kg of mixture It is products of combustion Heat of combustion Hfu 2 5000E7 J kg fuel Update Rox Radiative heat fraction 0 333333 Qradiative Qtotal Particulate smoke yield Ys 0 157000 kg smoke particles kg fuel Stoichometric ratio Rox 1 908397 kg oxygen kg fuel Mass specific extinction coeff Km 7600 000 m 2Z kg particulate smoke Visibility can be estimated from the function Sight length max 0 min Dmax A Km Smoke particulate density Sight length for light reflecting objects SLEN off Sight length for light emitting objects SLN2Z off Optical density can be obtained from OD Km Smoke particula
158. s example are e vector plots e contour plots e streamlines 19 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide 2 3 4 1 Accessing the VR Viewer To access the VR Viewer simply click on the Run button then on Post processor then GUI Post processor VR Viewer in the FLAIR VR environment When the File names dialog appears click OK to accept the current result files The screen shown in figure 2 19 should appear File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Help Al Demmo feom pomar F3 F4 rs re F7 re p Al Olafe mjo x x z alale lela f Obj Macro m Bl amp e r vjc ajejelsjt e Nia R P P Prob 1 a l ressure Pa robe value d s 0 239302 1 084026 Ei Ha 0 091719 EJ 0 055864 e riyf ci 0 203447 Probe positio 0 351030 lt ST 0 498613 2 960000 4 gt ya 1 142857 4 gt 0 646196 0 793779 0 941363 1 088946 1 236529 1 384112 1 531695 1 679278 1 826861 1 974444 2 122027 2 tf Reset AR A NJ Of Mouse FLAIR My first flow simulation Ready 5 Figure 2 19 The VR Viewer screen picture as it appears for this case 2 3 4 2 Viewing the Results with VR Viewer The detailed description of the VR Viewer screen and hand set control buttons is provided in PHOENICS documentation TR326 This section simply gives instructions on how to view the results To view the results of the simple simulation just completed e Click on the Select velocit
159. ser Guide 5 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 TR313 FLAIR User Guide References CIBSE Guide Volume A Design Data ISO 7730 Second Edition 1994 12 15 Moderate thermal environments Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort Roelofsen Paul Journal of Facilities Management Volume 1 Number 3 November 2002 ISSN 1472 5967 The impact of office environments on employee performance The design of the workplace as a strategy for productivity enhancement Fire Engineering CIBSE Guide E ISBN 1 903287 31 6 CIBSE London 2003 T Jin Visibility through fire and smoke J Fire amp Flammability Vol 9 pp135 155 1978 NFPA 92B Standard for smoke management systems in malls atria and large spaces NFPA Quincy Massachusetts 02269 9101 USA 2005 G W Mulholland amp C Croarkin Specific extinction coefficient of flame generated smoke Fire amp Materials Vol 24 No 5 p227 2000 G W Mulholland Smoke production and properties Chapter 2 Section 13 p2 258 SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering 3rd Edition NFPA Quincy Massachusetts 02269 9101 2002 D Drysdale An Introduction to Fire Dynamics John Wiley 2000 B P Hushed Optical source units and smoke potential of different products DIFT report 2004 1 DIFT Denmark 2004 Babrauskas V Generation of CO in Bench Scale Fire Tests and the Predic
160. setting the duration of the spray after initiation Activation temperature is the temperature at which the track is to start Response Time Index RTI is a measure of the detector sensitivity The link temperature is calculated from dT dt v Vell T Ty RTI where T is the link temperature Vel is the gas velocity and T is the gas temperature The calculated link temperatures are written to the file tlink1 csv at the end of each time step If there are more than 20 sprays each group of 20 will be written to a separate tlinkn csv file where n is 1 2 3 etc A tutorial is provided in section 6 9 which shows how to use the Spray head object for the simulation of fire extinction lf GENTRA is not active at the time the first spray head object is created it will be automatically turned on with all settings made for the spray model Only the spray start and end times need be set for a transient case should the spray not be active all the time lf GENTRA is already turned on it will be assumed that all settings as correct and no default settings will be made The settings made for GENTRA are e Particle type Vaporising droplets all properties at default water e Inlet data file SPIN This file will be created automatically e Wall obstacle treatment Remove_particle 3 1 5 Person The Person object represents the heat load effect of a single human being It does not apply a resistance to motion 39 FLAIR Use
161. simulation were created To set the grid numbers and to solver parameters Click on the main Menu button and then click on Geometry set the number of cells as follows X Y Z Total number of cells 31 20 17 155 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Number of regions 7 6 4 Cells in region 1 10 Power 1 2 6 3 Cells in region 2 2 2 11 Cells in region 3 1 2 2 Cells in region 4 2 1 1 Cells in region 5 10 Power 1 2 2 n a Cells in region 6 1 7 n a Cells in region 7 5 Power 1 5 n a n a Note that the number of regions was generated automatically based on how the objects divide the domain in each direction Click on Apply to apply the changes and then OK to close the Grid mesh Settings Click on Property and set Reference temp K to 0 Click on Initialisation and set Variable P1 U1 Vi W1 T3 TEMI FIINIT value 1 0 01 0 01 0 01 298 293 Click on Output and set the Monitor cell location IXMON 8 IYMON 3 IZMON 8 Click on settings of the Field dumping and set Intermediate field dumps First step 1 Last step 15 Step frequency 1 Set the Start letter for PHI CSG1 to m Click on Models then on Settings for Lagrangian particle tracker GENTRA This will bring up the GENTRA main menu as shown below GENTRA Main Menu Particle type Boundary conditions for particles Numerical controls I O controls Help and information Click on the
162. sity ratio can be displayed as contour maps or iso surfaces of the Light Ratio variable Ratio Time 300 0000 s 0000 Probe value 75100 52 32637 Pozan Average value sca 1 479516 00400 75500 Surface value PERT 0 016000 25700 o0s00 753900 51000 26100 01200 76300 41400 65000 16000 QQ Single room with a fire 1101 2 Le In the above image the fire is not visibe from anywhere to the right of the iso surface either because the view is blocked by the plate object or because it is obscured by the smoke In transient mode the light ratio will be re calculated based on the current probe position each time the time step is changed by pressing F6 F7 F8 or z provided that the current plotting variable is Light Ratio For large grids there may be a noticeable delay between time steps as the integrations are performed Derived quantities In addition to the solved for combustion products mass fraction SMOK the two sight length variables SLEN and SLN2 and the optical density OPTD the following derived quantities can be calculated and stored Product density kg m 3 SDEN p SMOK Product concentration in parts per million PPM 10 SMOK Particulate concentration in parts per million PPPM 10 Y SMOK 1 Rox CO concentration in parts per million COPM 10 Yso SMOK 1 Rox 66 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide where Y is the CO yield in kg CO
163. t 12deg C The incoming air velocity from this long slot is fixed at 3m s giving a mass flow rate of about 2 5m s Further air is supplied under the seating at the rear of the auditorium only at 18deg C The inflow supply rate is 0 7m s providing by seven 70mm high inlets The occupant and light gains were modelled using heat sources respectively equivalent to 145W m and 50W m The ten outlets at the top of the domain were modelled as 500mm long by 250mm wide fixed pressure openings 71 FLAIR User Guide TR3813 FLAIR User Guide e You may close the window after viewing the description After successful loading the geometry of case 1203 will appear on the screen as shown below FLAIR R Editor Of x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Cy co ee 2 AAAA enms pomen E FLAIR Hackney hall 1203 This case was to simulate the air flow and thermal characteristics in the theartre influenced by the ventilation system 2 Investigating the model settings e Click on the Object management button Obj You will see all the objects listed on the object management dialog box as shown below Object Acton View Group B U BLOCKAGE cubeS ori WES if Be BLOCKAGE hhi or VES ef B3 2 BLOCKAGE cube5 or pez vie B4 a BLOCKAGE cube or peg vie BS 4 BLOCKAGE hhi ori Ves et B14 5 BLOCKAGE hh or VES ee B15 B BLOCKAGE cubes or pez fe B16 f BLOCKAGE cube ori WES 46 STAGE E BLOCKAGE cubet or pez Til
164. te density 2 3 Optical density OPTD On Derived quantities Figure 4 10 Further quantities derived from the smoke concentration The parameters are e Heat of Combustion Hiu in J kg fuel e Radiative heat fraction R e Particulate smoke yield Y in kg particulate smoke kg fuel e Stoichometric ratio Rox in kg oxygen kg fuel e Mass specific extinction coefficient Km in m kg particulate smoke The default values were derived from experiments on the burning of a car vehicle using a Heat Release Rate Q of 6MW and a Heat of Combustion Hu of 25 MJ kg The total heat release rate Q mass consumption rate of fuel M and heat of combustion Hy are linked by Q n M Hu where 1 is the combustion efficiency The Heat of Combustion to be entered is an effective Heat of Combustion in that it already includes n The mass generation rate of product is then derived from Mp 1 Rox Mi For example when the fire mass source is set to Heat related the following expression is used Mp Q i 1 R x Hiu If the radiation model is not used the heat release to the fluid domain should be reduced by the radiative fraction R the portion of heat which is transferred directly 62 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide by radiation The CIBSE Guide E 2003 indicates that 1 R is of the order 1 1 5 0 6667 i e R 0 33333 The heat release set for the FIRE object is the total heat Q This is used to deduce th
165. the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to IN Click on the Size button and set Size of the object as X 100 0 m Y 100 0 m Zi 0 0 m Click on the Place button and leave the default Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y 0 0m Z 0 0m Click on General and select Wind_ profile from the object Type list Click on Attributes button The dialog shown below should appear on the screen Wind Profile Attributes x Inlet density is Domain fluid at a pressure of jo 000000 Pa relative to 1 000E 05 Pa Temperature 25 00000 C Components of Wind Speed at Reference Height X direction 0 000000 m s Y direction 0 000000 m s Z direction 0 000000 m s Reference height 10 00000 m Profile Type Logarithmic Vertical direction z Effective roughness height 2 000E 4 m Set the X direction velocity component to 3 0 m s Set the reference height to 5 0 m 14 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Click on OK to close the Wind profile Attributes dialog box Click on OK to close the Object specification dialog box add the sky Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change name to SKY
166. ting FLAIR Click the FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut created by the FLAIR installation program or Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR The VR screen shown in Fig 2 should appear Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK as shown in figure 2 2a b 8 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide FLAIR A Editor File Settings View Aun Options Start Hew case Open Existing case Load from Libraries Reload Working files Choose SPP x Open file for Editing F Save Working files Save As 4 Case Save Window As Print Cancel Figure 2 2a The File menu Figure 2 2b Start New case dialog E sit The FLAIR VR Environment screen shown in figure 2 3 below should appear This consists of two components the Main window and the control panels on the right FLAIR YR Editor File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help DIS Gl amp AAAA cnma Downy Deven n Size lt aol Dim enon n x FLAIR No title has been set for this run Ready Figure 2 3 The FLAIR VR environment FLAIR will create a default room with the dimensions 10m x 10m x 3 m and display the room in the graphics window You can rotate translate or zoom in and out from the room by clicking the Mouse button on the movement control panel and then using left or right mouse
167. tion for Real Scale Fires Fire amp Materials Int Conf Arlington VA USA p155 1992 Babrauskas V J R Lawson W D Walton amp W H Twilley Upholstered furniture heat release rates measured with a furniture calorimeter NBSIR 82 2604 USA 1992 Babrauskas V amp Krasny J Fire Behaviour of Upholstered Furniture NBS Monograph 173 NBS USA 1985 C Huggett Estimation of rate of heat release by means of oxygen consumption measurements Fire amp Materials 4 61 5 1980 Srebric J Chen Q Simplified Diffuser Boudary Conditions for Numerical Room Airflow Analysis ASHRAE RP 1009 March 20 2001 M Tuomisaari Visibility of exit signs and low location lighting in smoky conditions VTT Publications 300 TRC of Finland Espoo 1997 G Heskestad amp R G Bill Quantification of Thermal Responsiveness of Automatic Sprinklers Including Conduction Effects Fire Safety Journal 14 113 125 1988 68 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 Tutorials In addition to the simple example described in chapter 2 this chapter provides further ten examples each of which gives step by step instructions combined with pictures show how to use various features in FLAIR to set up models to run the solver and to view the result These cases are Tutorial 1 Investigating library case 1203 illustrates how to load a case from the FLAIR library to investigate the model settings to run the case and to view
168. to 100m long 100m wide and 50m high as shown in the picture below This tutorial also shows how to use a Wind_profile object to describe the wind profile at the upstream boundary FLAIR YR Editor Iof x File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Cyc el S teed Viel Vie EH RAEG enms powarn 6 8 1 Setting up the model 1 Start FLAIR with the default mode of operation e Click FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut created by the FLAIR installation program or e Start the VR Editor by clicking on Start Programs FLAIR then FLAIR VR The VR screen shown in Fig 2 should appear e Click on the File button and then select Start new case followed by FLAIR and OK The FLAIR VR Environment screen should appear which shows the default domain with the dimensions 10m x 10m x 3m 2 Resizing the domain e Change the size to 100m in x direction 100m in y direction and 50m in z direction on the control panel e Click on Reset button Reset on the movement panel and then click Fit to window 3 Adding the object to the calculation domain a add Big Ben 138 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide The geometry of Big Ben is available in an STL file The following steps show how to use the Object management dialog box to import the STL file e Click on the Object pull down menu and select the New New Object option on the Object management dialog box to b
169. type Rectangular Xpos 5 000000 m Ypos 5 000000 m Zpos 5 875000 m Length 3 200000 m Width 0 250000 m Depth 0 250000 m Velocity 22 00000 m s Set turbulence intensity No Heat load 0 000000 W Angle to X axis 0 000000 deg Angle to Z axis 90 00000 deg InForm Commands Cancel Figure 3 15 The jetfan and its default attributes 36 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide Fan type The fan can be rectangular or circular in cross section Unless the grid is very fine the difference will be mainly visual Xpos Ypos Zpos Sets the location of the centre of the jetfan object Any rotations set will be about this point Length Sets the length of the jetfan in the X co ordinate direction of the jetfan Width Sets the width of a rectangular jetfan in the Y co ordinate direction of the jetfan Depth Sets the depth of a rectangular jetfan in the Z co ordinate direction of the jetfan Diameter Sets the diameter of a circular jetfan Velocity Sets the delivery velocity of the jetfan in the X co ordinate direction of the jetfan The jetfan always blows along its own X axis The jetfan can be rotated about its centre to point in any desired direction Set turbulence intensity when Yes sets the turbulence intensity for the jetfan Typical values may be in the range 20 25 The turbulence quantities are set from KE Intensity 100 Velocity EPje 0 1643 KE 0 1 diameter For a rectangul
170. u and select the Copy object option on the Object management dialog box Click OK to allow the OPEN1 object to be copied A new object will appear at the bottom of the object list Double click it to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to OPEN2 Click on the Place button and set Position of the object as X 0 0 m Y tick to end Z 0 0 m Click on OK to exit from the object specification dialog Make sure OPEN is highlighted in the Object management list Click on the Object pull down menu and select the Copy object option on the Object management dialog box Click OK to allow the OPEN1 object to be copied A new object will appear at the bottom of the object list Double click it to bring up the Object specification dialog box Change Name to OPENS Click on the Size button and set Object size as X untick to end and set 0 0 Y tick to end Z leave to end Click on OK to exit from the object specification dialog Make sure OPENS is highlighted in the Object management list Click on the Object pull down menu and select the Copy object option on the Object management dialog box Click OK to allow the OPENS object to be copied A new object will appear at the bottom of the object list Double click it to bring up the Object specification dialog box 163 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide e Change Name to OPEN4
171. ulence models Select the KEMODL from it Click on OK Click on Top menu To set the grid numbers and to solver parameters Click on Geometry Set the number of cells In X direction to 33 cells in Y direction to 46 cells in Z direction to 16 cells Click on OK to apply the changes and close the Grid mesh Settings Click on Initialisation then set the following initial values Variable TEM1 FIINIT Value 20 Click on Apply and then Top menu Click on Numerics then set the Total number of iterations to 300 Click on Top menu Click on Output button and set the monitor cell location to 16 13 3 Click on Top menu and then OK 135 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 7 2 Running the Solver To run the PHOENICS solver Earth click on Run then Solver then click on OK to confirm running Earth These actions should result in the PHOENICS Earth monitoring screen As the Earth solver starts and the flow calculations commence two graphs should appear on the screen The left hand graph shows the variation of solved variables at the monitoring point that was set during the model definition The right hand graph shows the variation of errors as the solution progresses To the end of the calculation the monitoring display would be as shown below Spot Values at 16 13 3 Error Cut off 1 000E 01 Min Max Spot Value Change fYariable
172. use the different modelling objects physical models and post processing capabilities that are available in FLAIR are described in more detail 24 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 3 The HVAC specific object files and object types 3 1 The HVAC specific objects FLAIR provides six HVAC specific object types Diffuser Fire Jetfan Spray head Person and People as described below 3 1 1 Diffuser The Diffuser is a single object representing a complex source of mass momentum and energy It is used to represent various types of diffusers found in rooms and buildings The detailed implementation is based on the Momentum method described in ASHRAE Report RP 1009 ref 15 The diffuser object can be accessed through the Object management dialog box To load a diffuser object click on the Obj button on the main control panel to bring up the Object management dialog box Then click on Object New and New object pull down menu to bring up the Object specification dialog box Select Diffuser from object Type as shown in figure 3 1 Object Specification General Options Size Place Shape Name B1 _ Epon Attributes Type DIFFUSER Hierarchy Reset Appl Figure 3 1 Selecting Diffuser from the object Type The default diffuser is thet 4 way diffuser Figure 3 2 shows the default diffuser attributes Diffuser type 4 way rectangular Diffuser position Xcen j5 000000
173. will display the streamlines as shown below Probe value 000000 0 421948 938568 7 4 R 877135 p VA i Z fe A 631406 569973 692838 385676 M 324244 poll 262812 ge EF pt i J j iE a a 201379 My Kz 139947 SSS 078514 017082 815703 508541 4 iif ALAN ix 7 f w 754270 447109 iS N PAN NN ooo o oo oo oo oo oc 0 Oo KF FLAIR Fire in a room 110 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 4 4 Saving the case Once a case has been completed it can be saved to disk as a new Q1 file by File Save working files The Q1 and associated output files can be saved more permanently by File Save as a case 111 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide 6 5 Tutorial 5 A room with sunlight This tutorial models a three dimensional room consisting of two windows one closed one open and an open door Sunlight is coming at 30 degrees in the Z X plane to the room through the closed window as shown below The patches showing on the floor and the wall are the projected sunlight shadows This case shows how to set the sunlight object FLAIR R Editor Ioj xi File Settings View Run Options Compile Build Demos Help Cy Cl S i pas par od be enan ponnrN FLAIR A room with Sunlight Ready 6 5 1 Setting up the model 1 Start FLAIR with the default room e Click FLAIR icon a desktop shortcut
174. x A Km Smoke particulate density Sight length for light reflecting objects SLEN on A 3 000000 Dmax 30 00000 m Sight length for light emitting objects SLH2 On A 8 000000 Dmax 30 0000 im Optical density can be obtained from OD Km Smoke particulate density 2 3 Optical density OPTD off Derived quantities e Set the Heat of combustion to 1 3E7 J kg Click Update Rox to update the Stoichiometric Ratio 160 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide The Radiative heat fraction specifies the fraction of the heat released which is supposed to be transferred by radiation it is therefore ignored in this calculation The CIBSE Guide E recommends a value of 1 3 for this Set the particulate smoke yield to 0 022 kg smoke particles kg fuel These values are recommended by CIBSE Guide E for flaming combustion of timber The help entries suggest values for other materials click the in the top right corner then click on the item for which you want help The Mass specific extinction coefficient is a fairly universal constant so can be left at the default value Switch both sight lengths on The panel should now look as shown above Click on Previous panel Click on Initialisation Click on gt next to the list of variable names to scroll sideways until the temperature variable TEM1 is visible Set the initial value FIINIT to 20 This sets the temperature everywhere to 20 at the start of the
175. y button followed by the Vector toggle This will display velocity vectors on the current result plane X plane You may use Vector option in the Settings menu to change the scale factor for veciors e Use of the probe X position arrow buttons will shift the location of the result plane along the x axis e Temperature contours can be viewed by first clicking on the Vector toggle to turn off the vector display mode and then clicking on the T Select temperature button T to set the current results variable to pressure Next 20 FLAIR User Guide TR313 FLAIR User Guide click on the Contour toggle Cil Contours of pressure are then displayed on the current result plane e To display streamlines move the probe nearer to the opening around X 1 62 Y 4 92 and Z 1 96 Left click on the Streamline management button to bring up the Streamline management dialog box Select Object and Options as shown in figure 2 20 will bring up the Stream Options dialog box shown in figure 2 21 Streamline Management Object Action Animate New Options Select All Refresh Undo llast Close Figure 2 20 The Streamline management dialog Streamline options x streamline mode streamline direction streamline coloured by f Lines Downstream Flight time Arrows C Upstream f Total time C Ribbons i Both streamline width I pixels Flight time E 000E10 1 000E10 S

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