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IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User's Guide

1. 52 Variable alignment i aoe Applying variable definition attributes to multiple variables aaa a a 52 Custom Variable Attributes 53 Customizing Variable View 55 Spell checking 56 Entering data s co 56 To enter numeric data 56 To enter non numeric data 57 To use value labels for dataentry 57 Data value restrictions in the data editor 57 Editing data amp E we 2 OL Replacing or modifying data val es ao roop w sD Cutting copying and aaa data values 57 Inserting new cases eh 2 amp oe e BB Inserting new variables 58 To change datatype 59 Finding cases variables or imputations 59 Finding and replacing data and attribute values 60 Obtaining Descriptive Statistics for Selected Variables oo 60 Case selection stat s in the Data Editor bo ow ce Ol Data Editor display options 61 Data Editor printing oe 4 ma e 4 OL To print Data Editor coniterits e Ros a a e e 62 Chapter 6 Working with Multiple Data Sources soa st 63 Basic Handling of Multiple Data eas p 6 we 63 Working with Multiple Datasets in Command Syntax 63 Copying and Pasting lifonmation henween Datasets 63 Renaming Datasets lt 4 E 2 4564 Suppressing Multiple Datasets al de amp om amp ce O4 iii Chapter 7 Data pre
2. i e a e209 Scripting in Basic 4 255 Compatibility with Versions Prior to 16 0 255 The scriptContext Object 257 Startup Scripts Chapter 24 TABLES and IGRAPH Command Syntax Converter Chapter 25 Encrypting data files output documents and syntax files Notices Trademarks Index Contents 258 261 263 265 267 269 vii viii IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 1 Overview What s new in version 22 Automated output modification Automated output modification applies formatting and other changes to the contents of the active Viewer window Changes that can be applied include e All or selected viewer objects e Selected types of output objects for example charts logs pivot tables e Pivot table content that is based on conditional expressions e Outline navigation pane content The types of changes you can make include e Delete objects e Index objects add a sequential numbering scheme e Change the visible property of objects e Change the outline label text e Transpose rows and columns in pivot tables e Change the selected layer of pivot tables e Change the formatting of selected areas or specific cells in a pivot table based on conditional expressions For example make all significance values less than 0 05 bold For more information see the topic Chapter 13 Automated Output Modification on page 15
3. You can include the same variable more than once in the variable group variables are copied rather than moved from the source variable list its values are repeated in the new file To Specify Multiple Restructured Variables 1 Select the first target variable that you want to define from the Target Variable drop down list 2 Put the variables that make up the variable group that you want to transform into the Variable to be Transposed list All of the variables in the group must be of the same type numeric or string You can include the same variable more than once in the variable group A variable is copied rather than moved from the source variable list and its values are repeated in the new file 3 Select the next target variable that you want to define and repeat the variable selection process for all available target variables e Although you can include the same variable more than once in the same target variable group you cannot include the same variable in more than one target variable group e Each target variable group list must contain the same number of variables Variables that are listed more than once are included in the count e The number of target variable groups is determined by the number of variable groups that you specified in the previous step You can change the default variable names here but you must return to the previous step to change the number of variable groups to restructure e You must defin
4. score_a score_b 1014 864 684 636 810 638 You want to do an independent samples t test You have a column group consisting of score_a and score_b but you don t have the grouping variable that the procedure requires Select Restructure selected variables into cases in the Restructure Data Wizard restructure one variable group into a new variable named score and create an index named group The new data file is shown in the following figure Table 13 New restructured data for variables to cases group score SCORE_A 1014 SCORE_B 864 SCORE_A 684 SCORE_B 636 SCORE_A 810 SCORE_B 638 When you run the independent samples t test you can now use group as the grouping variable Example of Cases to Variables In this example test scores are recorded twice for each subject before and after a treatment Table 14 Current data for cases to variables id scor time 1 1014 bef 1 864 aft 2 684 bef 2 636 aft 110 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide You want to do a paired samples t test Your data structure is case groups but you don t have the repeated measures for the paired variables that the procedure requires Select Restructure selected cases into variables in the Restructure Data Wizard use id to identify the row groups in the current data and use time to create the variable group in the new file Table 15 New restructured data for cases to variabl
5. 265 Licensees of this program who wish to have information about it for the purpose of enabling i the exchange of information between independently created programs and other programs including this one and ii the mutual use of the information which has been exchanged should contact IBM Software Group ATTN Licensing 200 W Madison St Chicago IL 60606 U S A Such information may be available subject to appropriate terms and conditions including in some cases payment of a fee The licensed program described in this document and all licensed material available for it are provided by IBM under terms of the IBM Customer Agreement IBM International Program License Agreement or any equivalent agreement between us Any performance data contained herein was determined in a controlled environment Therefore the results obtained in other operating environments may vary significantly Some measurements may have been made on development level systems and there is no guarantee that these measurements will be the same on generally available systems Furthermore some measurements may have been estimated through extrapolation Actual results may vary Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment Information concerning non IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of those products their published announcements or other publicly available sources IBM has not tested those products and cann
6. An example of the generated command syntax would be FREQUENCIES VARIABLES varl var2 FORMAT NOTABLE STATISTICS MEAN STDDEV BARCHART The syntax template to generate this might look like FREQUENCIES VARIABLES target_list FORMAT NOTABLE Sstats_group s BARCHART e target_list is the value of the Identifier property for the target list control and stats_group is the value of the Identifier property for the item group control The following table shows one way to specify the Syntax properties of the item group and the check boxes contained within it in order to generate the correct result The Syntax property of the target list would be set to ThisValue as described in the previous example Syntax property of item group STATISTICS ThisValue Checked Syntax property of mean check box MEAN Checked Syntax property of stddev check box STDDEV Checked Syntax property of min check box MINIMUM Checked Syntax property of max check box MAXIMUM 214 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide At run time stats_group will be replaced by the current value of the Syntax property for the item group control Specifically ThisValue will be replaced by a blank separated list of the values of the Checked or Unchecked Syntax property of each check box depending on its state checked or unchecked Since we only specified values for the Checked Syntax property only checked boxes will contribute to
7. Compare Datasets Compare tab The Matched fields list displays a list of fields that have the same name and same basic type string or numeric in both datasets 1 Select one or more fields variables to compare The comparison of the two datasets is based on the selected fields only 2 To see a list of fields that either do no have matching names or are not the same basic type in both datasets click Unmatched fields Unmatched fields are excluded from the comparison of the two datasets 36 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 3 Optionally select one or more case record ID fields that identify each case e If you specify multiple case ID fields each unique combination of values identifies a case e Both files must be sorted in ascending order of the case ID fields If the datasets are not already sorted select check Sort Cases to sort both datasets in case ID order e If you do not include any case ID fields cases are compared in file order That is the first case record in the active dataset is compared to the first case in the other dataset and so on Compare Datasets Unmatched Fields The Unmatched Fields dialog displays a list of fields variables that are considered unmatched in the two datasets An unmatched field is a field that either is missing from one of the datasets or is not the same basic type string or numeric in both files Unmatched fields are excluded from the comparison of the two datase
8. Excel 2 1 xls Microsoft Excel 2 1 spreadsheet file The maximum number of variables is 256 and the maximum number of rows is 16 384 1 2 3 Release 3 0 wk3 Lotus 1 2 3 spreadsheet file release 3 0 The maximum number of variables that you can save is 256 1 2 3 Release 2 0 wk1 Lotus 1 2 3 spreadsheet file release 2 0 The maximum number of variables that you can save is 256 1 2 3 Release 1 0 wks Lotus 1 2 3 spreadsheet file release 1A The maximum number of variables that you can save is 256 SYLK slk Symbolic link format for Microsoft Excel and Multiplan spreadsheet files The maximum number of variables that you can save is 256 dBASE IV dbf dBASE IV format dBASE III dbf dBASE III format dBASE II dbf dBASE II format SAS v9 Windows sas7bdat SAS versions 9 for Windows You can save files in Unicode UTF 8 or local code page encoding SAS v9 UNIX sas7bdat SAS versions 9 for UNIX You can save files in Unicode UTF 8 or local code page encoding SAS v7 8 Windows short extension sd7 SAS versions 7 8 for Windows short filename format SAS v7 8 Windows long extension sas7bdat SAS versions 7 8 for Windows long filename format SAS v7 8 for UNIX sas7bdat SAS v8 for UNIX SAS v6 for Windows sd2 SAS v6 file format for Windows OS2 SAS v6 for UNIX ssd01 SAS v6 file format for UNIX Sun HP IBM SAS v6 for Alpha OSF ssd04 SAS v6 file format for Alph
9. Interactive The interactive syntax rules are e Each command begins on a new line e Each command ends with a period Production mode The Production Facility and commands in files accessed via the INCLUDE command in a different command file use production mode syntax rules e Each command must begin in the first column of a new line e Continuation lines must be indented at least one space e The period at the end of the command is optional If your command files use production mode syntax rules and don t contain periods at the end of each command you need to include the command line switch b or b when you run SyntaxConverter exe as in syntaxconverter exe b myfiles oldfile sps myfiles newfile sps SyntaxConverter Script Windows Only On Windows you can also run the syntax converter with the script SyntaxConverter wwd located in the Samples directory of the installation directory 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Run Script 2 Navigate to the Samples directory and select SyntaxConverter wwd This will open a simple dialog box where you can specify the names and locations of the old and new command syntax files 262 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 25 Encrypting data files output documents and syntax files You can protect confidential information stored in a data file an output document or a syntax file by encrypting the file with a password Once encrypted the file can
10. 3 For the output destination select File but leave the File field blank 4 Click Add The selected output will be excluded from the Viewer while all other output will be displayed in the Viewer in the normal fashion Note This setting has no effect on OMS output saved to external formats or files including the Viewer SPV and SPW formats It also has no effect on output saved to SPV format in a batch job executed with the Batch Facility available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server Routing output to IBM SPSS Statistics data files A data file in IBM SPSS Statistics format consists of variables in the columns and cases in the rows which is essentially the format in which pivot tables are converted to data files e Columns in the table are variables in the data file Valid variable names are constructed from the column labels e Row labels in the table become variables with generic variable names Varl1 Var2 Var3 and so on in the data file The values of these variables are the row labels in the table e Three table identifier variables are automatically included in the data file Command_ Subtype_ and Label_ All three are string variables The first two variables correspond to the command and subtype identifiers See the topic Command identifiers and table subtypes on page 241 for more information Label_ contains the table title text e Rows in the table become cases in the data file Data files created from multipl
11. Help gt Tutorial 6 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 2 Getting Help Help is provided in many different forms Help menu The Help menu in most windows provides access to the main Help system plus tutorials and technical reference material e Topics Provides access to the Contents Index and Search tabs which you can use to find specific Help topics Tutorial Illustrated step by step instructions on how to use many of the basic features You don t have to view the whole tutorial from start to finish You can choose the topics you want to view skip around and view topics in any order and use the index or table of contents to find specific topics e Case Studies Hands on examples of how to create various types of statistical analyses and how to interpret the results The sample data files used in the examples are also provided so that you can work through the examples to see exactly how the results were produced You can choose the specific procedure s that you want to learn about from the table of contents or search for relevant topics in the index e Statistics Coach A wizard like approach to guide you through the process of finding the procedure that you want to use After you make a series of selections the Statistics Coach opens the dialog box for the statistical reporting or charting procedure that meets your selected criteria e Command Syntax Reference Detailed command syntax reference inf
12. To read data from a IBM SPSS Data Collection data source 1 In any open IBM SPSS Statistics window from the menus choose File gt Open IBM SPSS Data Collection Data 2 On the Connection tab of Data Link Properties specify the metadata file the case data type and the case data file 3 Click OK 4 In the IBM SPSS Data Collection Data Import dialog box select the variables that you want to include and select any case selection criteria 22 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 5 Click OK to read the data Data Link Properties Connection tab To read a IBM SPSS Data Collection data source you need to specify Metadata Location The metadata document file mdd that contains questionnaire definition information Case Data Type The format of the case data file Available formats include e Quancept Data File DRS Case data in a Quancept drs drz or dru file e Quanvert Database Case data in a Quanvert database e IBM SPSS Data Collection Database MS SQL Server Case data in a relational database in SQL Server e IBM SPSS Data Collection XML Data File Case data in an XML file Case Data Location The file that contains the case data The format of this file must be consistent with the selected case data type Note The extent to which other settings on the Connection tab or any settings on the other Data Link Properties tabs may or may not affect reading IBM SPSS Data Collection data into IBM SPSS Stati
13. 3 From the menus choose 134 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Edit gt Sort rows 4 Select Ascending or Descending from the submenu If the row dimension contains groups sorting only affect the group that contains the selection e You cannot sort across group boundaries e You cannot sort tables with more than one item in the row dimension Note This feature is not available in legacy tables See the topic Legacy tables on page 145 for more information Inserting rows and columns To insert a row or column in a pivot table 1 Activate the table 2 Select any cell in the table 3 From the menus choose Insert Before or Insert After From the sub menu choose Row or Column e A plus sign is inserted in each cell of the new row or column to prevent the new row or column from being automatically hidden because it is empty e Ina table with nested or layered dimensions a column or row is inserted at every corresponding dimension level Note This feature is not available in legacy tables See the topic Legacy tables on page 145 for more information Controlling display of variable and value labels If variables contain descriptive variable or value labels you can control the display of variable names and labels and data values and value labels in pivot tables 1 Activate the pivot table 2 From the menus choose View gt Variable labels or View gt Value labels 3 Select on
14. Chapter 5 Data Editor 51 To define missing values 1 Click the button in the Missing cell for the variable that you want to define 2 Enter the values or range of values that represent missing data Roles Some dialogs support predefined roles that can be used to pre select variables for analysis When you open one of these dialogs variables that meet the role requirements will be automatically displayed in the destination list s Available roles are Input The variable will be used as an input e g predictor independent variable Target The variable will be used as an output or target e g dependent variable Both The variable will be used as both input and output None The variable has no role assignment Partition The variable will be used to partition the data into separate samples for training testing and validation Split Included for round trip compatibility with IBM SPSS Modeler Variables with this role are not used as split file variables in IBM SPSS Statistics e By default all variables are assigned the Input role This includes data from external file formats and data files from versions of IBM SPSS Statistics prior to version 18 e Role assignment only affects dialogs that support role assignment It has no effect on command syntax To assign roles 1 Select the role from the list in the Role cell for the variable Column width You can specify a number of characters for the column width Column
15. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide all Note Before using this information and the product it supports read the information in Notices on page 265 Product Information This edition applies to version 22 release 0 modification 0 of IBM SPSS Statistics and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions Contents Chapter 1 Overview What s new in version 22 Windows Designated Window versus patie window Status Bar Dialog boxes Variable names and variable labels in dialog bee lists Resizing dialog boxes Dialog box controls Selecting variables Data type measurement i vel aad varable listi icons Getting information about variables in dialog boxes Basic steps in data analysis Statistics Coach Finding out more Chapter 2 Getting Help Getting Help on Output Terms Chapter 3 Data files Opening data files To open data files Data file types Opening file options Reading Excel Files Reading older Excel files and other spreadsheets Reading dBASE files Reading Stata files Reading Database Files Text Wizard 3 Reading Cognos data Reading IBM SPSS Data Collection Data File information Saving data files To save modified data files Saving data files in external formats Saving data files in Excel format Saving data files in SAS format Saving data files in Stata format Saving Subsets of Variable
16. Z scores in Rank Cases 89 Index 275 276 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Printed in USA
17. e Data View This view displays the actual data values or defined value labels e Variable View This view displays variable definition information including defined variable and value labels data type for example string date or numeric measurement level nominal ordinal or scale and user defined missing values In both views you can add change and delete information that is contained in the data file Data View Many of the features of Data View are similar to the features that are found in spreadsheet applications There are however several important distinctions e Rows are cases Each row represents a case or an observation For example each individual respondent to a questionnaire is a case e Columns are variables Each column represents a variable or characteristic that is being measured For example each item on a questionnaire is a variable e Cells contain values Each cell contains a single value of a variable for a case The cell is where the case and the variable intersect Cells contain only data values Unlike spreadsheet programs cells in the Data Editor cannot contain formulas e The data file is rectangular The dimensions of the data file are determined by the number of cases and variables You can enter data in any cell If you enter data in a cell outside the boundaries of the defined data file the data rectangle is extended to include any rows and or columns between that cell and the file boundarie
18. e For other numeric variables Contains Begins with and Ends with search formatted values For example with the Begins with option a search value of 123 for a Dollar format variable will find both 123 00 and 123 40 but not 1 234 With the Entire cell option the search value can be formatted or unformatted simple F numeric format but only exact numeric values to the precision displayed in the Data Editor are matched e The numeric system missing value is represented by a single period To find system missing values enter a single period as the search value and select Entire cell e If value labels are displayed for the selected variable column the label text is searched not the underlying data value and you cannot replace the label text Variable View e Find is only available for the Name Label Values Missing and custom variable attribute columns e Replace is only available for the Label Values and custom attribute columns e In the Values value labels column the search string can match either the data value or a value label Note Replacing the data value will delete any previous value label associated with that value Obtaining Descriptive Statistics for Selected Variables To obtain descriptive statistics for selected variables 1 Right click the selected variables in either Data View or Variable View 2 From the pop up menu select Descriptive Statistics By default frequency tables tables of counts ar
19. preparation features that you may find useful including the ability to e Assign variable properties that describe the data and determine how certain values should be treated e Identify cases that may contain duplicate information and exclude those cases from analyses or delete them from the data file e Create new variables with a few distinct categories that represent ranges of values from variables with a large number of possible values Variable properties Data entered in the Data Editor in Data View or read from an external file format such as an Excel spreadsheet or a text data file lack certain variable properties that you may find very useful including e Definition of descriptive value labels for numeric codes for example 0 Male and 1 Female e Identification of missing values codes for example 99 Not applicable e Assignment of measurement level nominal ordinal or scale All of these variable properties and others can be assigned in Variable View in the Data Editor There are also several utilities that can assist you in this process e Define Variable Properties can help you define descriptive value labels and missing values This is particularly useful for categorical data with numeric codes used for category values See the topic Defining Variable Properties for more information Set Measurement Level for Unknown identifies variables fields that do not have a defined measurement level and
20. Encrypted syntax files cannot be opened in versions of IBM SPSS Statistics prior to version 22 172 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 15 Overview of the chart facility High resolution charts and plots are created by the procedures on the Graphs menu and by many of the procedures on the Analyze menu This chapter provides an overview of the chart facility Building and editing a chart Before you can create a chart you need to have your data in the Data Editor You can enter the data directly into the Data Editor open a previously saved data file or read a spreadsheet tab delimited data file or database file The Tutorial selection on the Help menu has online examples of creating and modifying a chart and the online Help system provides information about creating and modifying all chart types Building Charts The Chart Builder allows you to build charts from predefined gallery charts or from the individual parts for example axes and bars You build a chart by dragging and dropping the gallery charts or basic elements onto the canvas which is the large area to the right of the Variables list in the Chart Builder dialog box As you are building the chart the canvas displays a preview of the chart Although the preview uses defined variable labels and measurement levels it does not display your actual data Instead it uses randomly generated data to provide a rough sketch of how the chart will look Usin
21. IBM SPSS Statistics data file format sav Viewer file format spv web report format spw XML HTML and text See the topic OMS options on page 242 for more information To use the Output Management System Control Panel 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt OMS Control Panel You can use the control panel to start and stop the routing of output to various destinations e Each OMS request remains active until explicitly ended or until the end of the session e A destination file that is specified on an OMS request is unavailable to other procedures and other applications until the OMS request is ended e While an OMS request is active the specified destination files are stored in memory RAM so active OMS requests that write a large amount of output to external files may consume a large amount of memory e Multiple OMS requests are independent of each other The same output can be routed to different locations in different formats based on the specifications in different OMS requests e The order of the output objects in any particular destination is the order in which they were created which is determined by the order and operation of the procedures that generate the output Limitations e For Output XML format the specification for the Headings output type has no effect If any output from a procedure is included the procedure title output is included e If the OMS specification results in nothing other th
22. In the alert dialog that appears for the procedure click Assign Manually or 2 From the menus choose Data gt Set Measurement Level for Unknown 3 Move variables fields from the source list to the appropriate measurement level destination list e Nominal A variable can be treated as nominal when its values represent categories with no intrinsic ranking for example the department of the company in which an employee works Examples of nominal variables include region postal code and religious affiliation e Ordinal A variable can be treated as ordinal when its values represent categories with some intrinsic ranking for example levels of service satisfaction from highly dissatisfied to highly satisfied Examples of ordinal variables include attitude scores representing degree of satisfaction or confidence and preference rating scores e Continuous A variable can be treated as scale continuous when its values represent ordered categories with a meaningful metric so that distance comparisons between values are appropriate Examples of scale variables include age in years and income in thousands of dollars Multiple Response Sets Custom Tables and the Chart Builder support a special kind of variable called a multiple response set Multiple response sets aren t really variables in the normal sense You can t see them in the Data Editor and other procedures don t recognize them Multiple response sets use multiple variables to rec
23. Polish pt_BR Brazilian Portuguese ru Russian zh_CN Simplified Chinese zh_TW Traditional Chinese Note Localization of custom dialogs requires a different mechanism See the topic Creating Localized Versions of Custom Dialogs on page 227 for more information Installing local extension bundles To install an extension bundle that is stored on your local computer 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt Install Local Extension Bundle 2 Select the extension bundle Extension bundles have a file type of spe If the extension bundle contains any extension commands you will need to restart IBM SPSS Statistics to use those commands or run the EXTENSION command to add the commands to the set of commands that are recognized by SPSS Statistics To view details for the currently installed extension bundles choose Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt View Installed Extension Bundles You can also install extension bundles with a command line utility that allows you to install multiple bundles at once See the topic Batch installation of extension bundles on page 190 for more information Installing extension bundles in distributed mode If you work in distributed mode then you will need to install the extension bundle on the associated IBM SPSS Statistics Server using the command line utility If the extension bundle contains a custom dialog then you must also install the extension bundle on your local
24. ThisValue For example if the user checks the mean and standard deviation boxes the run time value of the Syntax property for the item group will be STATISTICS MEAN STDDEV If no boxes are checked then the Syntax property for the item group control will be empty and the generated command syntax will not contain any reference to stats_group This may or may not be desirable For example even with no boxes checked you may still want to generate the STATISTICS subcommand This can be accomplished by referencing the identifiers for the check boxes directly in the syntax template as in FREQUENCIES VARIABLES target_list FORMAT NOTABLE STATISTICS stats_mean stats_stddev stats_min stats_max BARCHART Previewing a Custom Dialog You can preview the dialog that is currently open in the Custom Dialog Builder The dialog appears and functions as it would when run from the menus within IBM SPSS Statistics e Source variable lists are populated with dummy variables that can be moved to target lists e The Paste button pastes command syntax into the designated syntax window e The OK button closes the preview e Ifa help file is specified the Help button is enabled and will open the specified file If no help file is specified the help button is disabled when previewing and hidden when the actual dialog is run To preview a custom dialog 1 From the menus in the Custom Dialog Builder choose File gt Previe
25. are exported as graphics for more information Note For HTML you can also control the image file format for exported charts See the topic Graphics format options on page 129 To set HTML export options 1 Select HTML as the export format 2 Click Change Options Web report options A web report is an interactive document that is compatible with most browsers Many of the interactive features of pivot tables available in the Viewer are also available in web reports Report Title The title that is displayed in the header of the report By default the file name is used You can specify a custom title to use instead of the file name Format There are two options for report format e SPSS Web Report HTML 5 This format requires a browser that is compatible with HTML 5 e Cognos Active Report mht This format requires a browser that supports MHT format files or the Cognos Active Report application Exclude Objects You can exclude selected object types from the report e Text Text objects that are not logs This option includes text objects that contain information about the active dataset e Logs Text objects that contain a listing of the command syntax that was run and warnings and error messages that are encountered by commands that do not produce any Viewer output for example commands that define variable properties and data transformation commands e Notes Tables Output from statistical and charting proced
26. e Included lt Cases with the value specified in the Value cell are included in the binned category For example if you specify values of 25 50 and 75 cases with a value of exactly 25 will go in the first bin since this will include all cases with values less than or equal to 25 e Excluded lt Cases with the value specified in the Value cell are not included in the binned category Instead they are included in the next bin For example if you specify values of 25 50 and 75 cases with a value of exactly 25 will go in the second bin rather than the first since the first bin will contain only cases with values less than 25 Make Cutpoints Generates binned categories automatically for equal width intervals intervals with the same number of cases or intervals based on standard deviations This is not available if you scanned zero cases See the topic Automatically Generating Binned Categories for more information Make Labels Generates descriptive labels for the sequential integer values of the new binned variable based on the values in the grid and the specified treatment of upper endpoints included or excluded Reverse scale By default values of the new binned variable are ascending sequential integers from 1 to n Reversing the scale makes the values descending sequential integers from n to 1 Copy Bins You can copy the binning specifications from another variable to the currently selected variable or from the
27. e When you export output to HTML or a web report the comment text is used as alt text Contents The text of logs titles and text objects You can replace the text or add information to the text For more information see the topic Style Output Labels and Text Font The font for logs titles and text objects Font Size The font size for logs titles and text objects Text Color Text color for logs titles and text objects Chart Template The chart template that is used for charts except charts that are created with the Graphboard Template Chooser Graphboard Stylesheet The style sheet used for charts that are created with the Graphboard Template Chooser Size The size of charts and tree diagrams Chapter 13 Automated Output Modification 155 Special Variables in Comment Text You can include special variables to insert date time and other values in the Comment Text field DATE Current date in the form dd mmm yyyy ADATE Current date in the form mm dd yyyy SDATE Current date in the form yyyy mm dd JEDATE Current date in the form dd mm yyyy TIME Current 12 hour clock time in the form hh mm ss JETIME Current 24 hour clock time in the form hh mm ss INDEX The defined index value For more information see the topic Style Output Indexing TITLE The text of the outline label for the table PROCEDURE The name of the procedure that created the table DATASET The name of the dataset used
28. exporting output 242 performance 39 caching data 39 pivot tables 119 123 130 133 134 136 137 138 139 140 143 144 145 200 alignment 141 alternating row colors 139 background color 141 borders 140 captions 141 cell formats 139 cell properties 141 cell widths 143 changing display order 133 134 changing the look 137 continuation text 140 controlling number of rows to display 139 controlling table breaks 144 creating charts from tables 145 default column width adjustment 200 default look for new tables 200 deleting group labels 134 displaying hidden borders 143 editing 133 exporting as HTML 123 fast pivot tables 200 fonts 141 footnote properties 139 footnotes 141 142 143 general properties 138 grid lines 143 grouping rows or columns 134 hiding 119 inserting group labels 134 inserting rows and columns 135 language 136 layers 136 legacy tables 145 manipulating 133 margins 141 moving rows and columns 134 pasting as tables 123 pasting into other applications 123 pivoting 133 printing large tables 144 printing layers 130 properties 138 render tables faster 200 rotating labels 134 scaling to fit page 138 140 selecting rows and columns 144 showing and hiding cells 137 sorting rows 134 transposing rows and columns 134 undoing changes 136 ungrouping rows or columns 134 using icons 133 value labels 135 variable labels 135 pivoting controlling with OMS for exported output 246 PNG files 123 129 exporting ch
29. formatting syntax 168 indenting syntax 168 line numbers 163 multiple views panes 163 options 203 syntax files encrypting 171 SYSTAT files 9 opening 9 T T4253H smoothing 96 tab delimited files 9 10 17 24 25 27 opening 9 reading variable names 10 saving 24 25 writing variable names 27 table breaks 144 table chart 145 table subtypes 241 vs labels 242 TableLooks 137 138 applying 138 creating 138 tables 144 alignment 141 background color 141 cell properties 141 controlling table breaks 144 converting TABLES command syntax to CTABLES 261 fonts 141 margins 141 TABLES converting TABLES command syntax to CTABLES 261 target lists 185 templates 52 53 176 198 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide templates continued charts 176 in charts 198 using an external data file as a template 71 variable definition 52 53 temporary active file 39 temporary directory 202 setting location in local mode 202 SPSSTMPDIR environment variable 202 temporary disk space 38 39 text 17 121 123 128 adding a text file to the Viewer 121 adding to Viewer 121 data files 17 exporting output as text 123 128 242 TIFF files 129 exporting charts 123 129 time series data creating new time series variables 95 data transformations 94 defining date variables 94 replacing missing values 97 transformation functions 96 titles 121 adding to Viewer 121 charts 175 toolbars 207 208 creating 207 208 creating new tools
30. the string should give hints about how the input should be formatted An example is as follows Enter a Quarter Q1 Q2 Q3 Allow user to select value from list If this check box is selected you can limit the user to the values that you place here Ensure that your values are separated by returns Data type Choose the data type here Number String or Date Date and time values must be entered in special manner e Date values must use the general form yyyy mm dd e Time values must use the general form hh mm ss e Date time values timestamps must use the general form yyyy mm dd hh mm ss Aggregating Data If you are in distributed mode connected to a remote server available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server you can aggregate the data before reading it into IBM SPSS Statistics You can also aggregate data after reading it into IBM SPSS Statistics but preaggregating may save time for large data sources 1 To create aggregated data select one or more break variables that define how cases are grouped 2 Select one or more aggregated variables 3 Select an aggregate function for each aggregate variable 4 Optionally create a variable that contains the number of cases in each break group Note If you use IBM SPSS Statistics random sampling aggregation is not available Defining Variables Variable names and labels The complete database field column name is used as the variable label Unless you modify the varia
31. this dialog box to paste selected command and subtype identifiers into a command syntax window To use the oms identifiers dialog box 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt OMS Identifiers 2 Select one or more command or subtype identifiers Use Ctrl click to select multiple identifiers in each list 3 Click Paste Commands and or Paste Subtypes e The list of available subtypes is based on the currently selected command s If multiple commands are selected the list of available subtypes is the union of all subtypes that are available for any of the selected commands If no commands are selected all subtypes are listed e The identifiers are pasted into the designated command syntax window at the current cursor location If there are no open command syntax windows a new syntax window is automatically opened e Each command and or subtype identifier is enclosed in quotation marks when pasted because OMS command syntax requires these quotation marks e Identifier lists for the COMMANDS and SUBTYPES keywords must be enclosed in brackets as in IF COMMANDS Crosstabs Descriptives SUBTYPES Crosstabulation Descriptive Statistics Copying OMS identifiers from the viewer outline You can copy and paste OMS command and subtype identifiers from the Viewer outline pane 1 In the outline pane right click the outline entry for the item 2 Choose Copy OMS Command Identifier or Copy OMS Table Subtype This method diff
32. you can reset all cells to the cell formats that are defined by the current TableLook This resets any cells that have been edited If As Displayed is selected in the TableLook Files list any edited cells are reset to the current table properties e Only table properties defined in the Table Properties dialog are saved in TableLooks TableLooks do not include individual cell modifications See the topic To edit or create a TableLook on page 138 for more information Chapter 11 Pivot tables 137 Note TableLooks created in earlier versions of IBM SPSS Statistics cannot be used in version 16 0 or later To apply a TableLook 1 Activate a pivot table 2 From the menus choose Format gt TableLooks 3 Select a TableLook from the list of files To select a file from another directory click Browse 4 Click OK to apply the TableLook to the selected pivot table To edit or create a TableLook 1 In the TableLooks dialog box select a TableLook from the list of files Click Edit Look Adjust the table properties for the attributes that you want and then click OK Pon Click Save Look to save the edited TableLook or click Save As to save it as a new TableLook Editing a TableLook affects only the selected pivot table An edited TableLook is not applied to any other tables that uses that TableLook unless you select those tables and reapply the TableLook e Only table properties defined in the Table Properties dialog are saved
33. 137 footnotes 142 results 119 rows or columns 137 titles 137 toolbars 207 sizes 121 in outline 121 smoothing function 96 sorting pivot table rows 134 variables 100 sorting cases 99 sorting variables 100 space delimited data 17 speed 39 caching data 39 spelling 55 56 dictionary 195 split file processing 105 split model viewer 151 splitting tables 144 controlling table breaks 144 spp files converting to spj files 237 spreadsheet files 9 10 11 27 opening 11 reading ranges 10 reading variable names 10 writing variable names 27 SPSSTMPDIR environment variable 202 Stata files 11 opening 9 11 reading 9 saving 24 Statistics Coach 6 status bar 3 string format 49 string variables 51 57 breaking up long strings in earlier releases 25 computing new string variables 82 entering data 57 in dialog boxes 4 missing values 51 recoding into consecutive integers 87 style output 154 274 subsets of cases random sample 107 selecting 106 107 subtitles charts 175 subtypes 241 vs labels 242 syntax 161 169 208 231 accessing Command Syntax Reference 7 journal file 170 171 output log 162 pasting 162 Production jobs rules 231 running 169 running command syntax with toolbar buttons 208 syntax rules 161 Unicode command syntax files 170 syntax converter 261 syntax editor 163 auto completion 165 bookmarks 163 167 breakpoints 163 166 169 color coding 165 command spans 163 commenting or uncommenting text 168
34. 138 138 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 142 142 142 142 143 143 143 Selecting rows columns and cells in a pivot table Printing pivot tables Controlling table breaks for wide avid long tables F Creating a chart tom a pivot table Legacy tables Chapter 12 Models Interacting with a model tn A Working with the Model Viewer Printing a model T Exporting a model Saving fields used in the model to a new dataset Saving predictors to a new dataset based on importance Ensemble Viewer Models for Ensembles Split Model Viewer Chapter 13 Automated Output Modification Style Output Select Style Output Style Output Labels and Text Style Output Indexing Style Output TableLooks Style Output Size Table Style Table Style Conditien Table Style Format Chapter 14 Working with Command Syntax Syntax Rules Pasting Syntax from Dialog Boxes To Paste Syntax from Dialog Boxes Copying Syntax from the Output Log To Copy Syntax from the a as Log Using the Syntax Editor Syntax Editor Window Terminology Auto Completion Color Coding Breakpoints Bookmarks Commenting or Uncommenting Text Formatting Syntax Running Command Syntax Unicode Syntax Files Multiple Execute Commands Unicode Syntax Files Multiple Execute Commands Encrypting syntax files Chapter 15 Overview of the chart facility Building
35. 48 for more information Value The value assigned to the attribute for the selected variable e Attribute names that begin with a dollar sign are reserved and cannot be modified You can view the contents of a reserved attribute by clicking the button in the desired cell e The text Array displayed in a Value cell indicates that this is an attribute array an attribute that contains multiple values Click the button in the cell to display the list of values Copying Variable Properties The Apply Labels and Level dialog box is displayed when you click From Another Variable or To Other Variables in the Define Variable Properties main dialog box It displays all of the scanned variables that match the current variable s type numeric or string For string variables the defined width must also match 1 Select a single variable from which to copy value labels and other variable properties except variable label or 2 Select one or more variables to which to copy value labels and other variable properties 3 Click Copy to copy the value labels and the measurement level e Existing value labels and missing value categories for target variable s are not replaced e Value labels and missing value categories for values not already defined for the target variable s are added to the set of value labels and missing value categories for the target variable s e The measurement level for the target variable is always replaced e The rol
36. A case is similar to a record in a database For example each respondent to questionnaire is a case The first case of data begins on which line number Indicates the first line of the data file that contains data values If the top line s of the data file contain descriptive labels or other text that does not represent data values this will not be line 1 How many lines represent a case Controls how the Text Wizard determines where each case ends and the next one begins Each variable is defined by its line number within the case and its column location You need to specify the number of lines for each case to read the data correctly How many cases do you want to import You can import all cases in the data file the first n cases n is a number you specify or a random sample of a specified percentage Since the random sampling routine makes an independent pseudo random decision for each case the percentage of cases selected can only approximate the specified percentage The more cases there are in the data file the closer the percentage of cases selected is to the specified percentage Text Wizard Step 4 Delimited Files This step displays the Text Wizard s best guess on how to read the data file and allows you to modify how the Text Wizard will read variables from the data file Which delimiters appear between variables Indicates the characters or symbols that separate data values You can select any combination of spaces commas
37. Autofit does not wrap any column contents and each column is as wide as the widest label or value in that column Custom sets a maximum column width that is applied to all columns in the table and values that exceed that width wrap onto the next line in that column e Row Column Border Character Controls the characters used to create row and column borders To suppress display of row and column borders enter blank spaces for the values Layers in pivot tables By default inclusion or exclusion of pivot table layers is controlled by the table properties for each pivot table You can override this setting and include all layers or exclude all but the currently visible layer See the topic Table properties printing on page 140 for more information Include footnotes and captions Controls the inclusion or exclusion of all pivot table footnotes and captions Views of Models By default inclusion or exclusion of model views is controlled by the model properties for each model You_can override this setting and include all views or exclude all but the currently visible view See the topic F Model properties on page 146 for more information Note all model views including tables are exported as graphics To set text export options 1 Select Text as the export format 2 Click Change Options 128 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Graphics only options The following options are available for exporting graphics only
38. DO IF END IF DO REPEAT END REPEAT INPUT PROGRAM END INPUT PROGRAM and MATRIX END MATRIX blocks are treated as single commands when using Step Through You can not step into one of these blocks e Continue Continues a run stopped by a breakpoint or Step Through Progress Indicator The progress of a given syntax run is indicated with a downward pointing arrow in the gutter spanning the last set of commands run For instance you choose to run all commands in a syntax window that contains breakpoints At the first breakpoint the arrow will span the region from the first command in the window to the command prior to the one containing the breakpoint At the second breakpoint the arrow will stretch from the command containing the first breakpoint to the command prior to the one containing the second breakpoint Run time Behavior with Breakpoints Chapter 14 Working with Command Syntax 169 e When running command syntax containing breakpoints execution stops at each breakpoint Specifically the block of command syntax from a given breakpoint or beginning of the run to the next breakpoint or end of the run is submitted for execution exactly as if you had selected that syntax and chosen Run gt Selection e You can work with multiple syntax windows each with its own set of breakpoints but there is only one queue for executing command syntax Once a block of command syntax has been submitted such as the block of command syntax up to the
39. Distribution functions e Random variable functions e Missing value functions e Scoring functions For more information and a detailed description of each function type functions on the Index tab of the Help system Missing Values in Functions Functions and simple arithmetic expressions treat missing values in different ways In the expression varltvar2 var3 3 the result is missing if a case has a missing value for any of the three variables In the expression MEAN varl var2 var3 the result is missing only if the case has missing values for all three variables For statistical functions you can specify the minimum number of arguments that must have nonmissing values To do so type a period and the minimum number after the function name as in MEAN 2 varl var2 var3 82 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Random Number Generators The Random Number Generators dialog box allows you to select the random number generator and set the starting sequence value so you can reproduce a sequence of random numbers Active Generator Two different random number generators are available e Version 12 Compatible The random number generator used in version 12 and previous releases If you need to reproduce randomized results generated in previous releases based on a specified seed value use this random number generator e Mersenne Twister A newer random number generator that is more reliable for simulation p
40. List of Attributes Displays a list of custom attributes already defined for the dataset Attribute names that begin with a dollar sign are reserved attributes that cannot be modified Displaying and Editing Custom Variable Attributes Custom variable attributes can be displayed and edited in the Data Editor in Variable View e Custom variable attribute names are enclosed in square brackets e Attribute names that begin with a dollar sign are reserved and cannot be modified e A blank cell indicates that the attribute does not exist for that variable the text Empty displayed in a cell indicates that the attribute exists for that variable but no value has been assigned to the attribute for that variable Once you enter text in the cell the attribute exists for that variable with the value you enter e The text Array displayed in a cell indicates that this is an attribute array an attribute that contains multiple values Click the button in the cell to display the list of values To Display and Edit Custom Variable Attributes 1 In Variable View from the menus choose View gt Customize Variable View 2 Select check the custom variable attributes you want to display The custom variable attributes are the ones enclosed in square brackets Once the attributes are displayed in Variable View you can edit them directly in the Data Editor Variable Attribute Arrays The text Array displayed in a cell for a custom variable att
41. Microsoft Windows operating systems and is only available in local analysis mode This feature is not available in distributed analysis mode using IBM SPSS Statistics Server To write IBM SPSS Data Collection metadata files you must have the following items installed e NET framework To obtain the most recent version of the NET framework go tofhttp e IBM SPSS Data Collection Survey Reporter Developer Kit An installable version of IBM SPSS Data Collection Survey Reporter Developer Kit is available with the installation media Comparing datasets Compare Datasets compares the active dataset to another dataset in the current session or an external file in IBM SPSS Statistics format To compare datasets 1 Open a data file and make sure it is the active dataset You can make a dataset the active dataset by clicking on the Data Editor window for that dataset 2 From the menus choose Data gt Compare Datasets 3 Select the open dataset or IBM SPSS Statistics data file that you want to compare to the active dataset 4 Select one or more fields variables that you want to compare Optionally you can e Match cases records based on one or more case ID values e Compare data dictionary properties field and value labels user missing values measurement level etc e Create a flag field in the active dataset that identifies mismatched cases e Create new datasets that contain only matched cases or only mismatched cases
42. Numeric variables cannot be merged with string variables e String variables of unequal width The defined width of a string variable must be the same in both data files Variables in New Active Dataset Variables to be included in the new merged data file By default all of the variables that match both the name and the data type numeric or string are included on the list e You can remove variables from the list if you do not want them to be included in the merged file Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations 101 e Any unpaired variables included in the merged file will contain missing data for cases from the file that does not contain that variable Indicate case source as variable Indicates the source data file for each case This variable has a value of 0 for cases from the active dataset and a value of 1 for cases from the external data file 1 Open at least one of the data files that you want to merge If you have multiple datasets open make one of the datasets that you want to merge the active dataset The cases from this file will appear first in the new merged data file 2 From the menus choose Data gt Merge Files gt Add Cases 3 Select the dataset or external IBM SPSS Statistics data file to merge with the active dataset Remove any variables that you do not want from the Variables in New Active Dataset list A 5 Add any variable pairs from the Unpaired Variables list that represent the same info
43. TABLES and IGRAPH commands in the syntax file Other commands in the file are not altered e Retain the original TABLES and IGRAPH syntax in commented form e Identify the beginning and end of each conversion block with comments e Identify TABLES and IGRAPH syntax commands that could not be converted e Convert command syntax files that follow either interactive or production mode syntax rules This utility cannot convert commands that contain errors The following other limitations also apply TABLES Limitations The utility program may convert TABLES commands incorrectly under some circumstances including TABLES commands that contain e Parenthesized variable names with the initial letters sta or lab in the TABLES subcommand if the variable is parenthesized by itself for example varl by statvar by labvar These will be interpreted as the STATISTICS and LABELS keywords e SORT subcommands that use the abbreviations A or D to indicate ascending or descending sort order These will be interpreted as variable names The utility program cannot convert TABLES commands that contain e Syntax errors e OBSERVATION subcommands that refer to a range of variables using the T0 keyword for example var01 TO var05 e String literals broken into segments separated by plus signs for example TITLE My Title e Macro calls that in the absence of macro expansion would be invalid TABLES syntax Since the converter does not exp
44. Values cell for the variable that you want to define 2 For each value enter the value and a label 3 Click Add to enter the value label 4 Click OK Inserting line breaks in labels Variable labels and value labels automatically wrap to multiple lines in pivot tables and charts if the cell or area isn t wide enough to display the entire label on one line and you can edit results to insert manual line breaks if you want the label to wrap at a different point You can also create variable labels and value labels that will always wrap at specified points and be displayed on multiple lines 1 For variable labels select the Label cell for the variable in Variable View in the Data Editor 2 For value labels select the Values cell for the variable in Variable View in the Data Editor click the button in the cell and select the label that you want to modify in the Value Labels dialog box 3 At the place in the label where you want the label to wrap type n The n is not displayed in pivot tables or charts it is interpreted as a line break character Missing values Missing Values defines specified data values as user missing For example you might want to distinguish between data that are missing because a respondent refused to answer and data that are missing because the question didn t apply to that respondent Data values that are specified as user missing are flagged for special treatment and are excluded from most calculations
45. View menu Building a Custom Dialog The basic steps involved in building a custom dialog are 1 Specify the properties of the dialog itself such as the title that appears when the dialog is launched and the location of the new menu item for the dialog within the IBM SPSS Statistics menus See the topic Dialog Properties for more information 2 Specify the controls such as source and target variable lists that make up the dialog and any sub dialogs See the topic Control Types on page 217 for more information 3 Create the syntax template that specifies the command syntax to be generated by the dialog See the topic Building the Syntax Template on page 212 for more information 4 Install the dialog to IBM SPSS Statistics and or save the specification for the dialog to a custom dialog package spd file See the topic Managing Custom Dialogs on page 215 for more information You can preview your dialog as you re building it See the topic Previewing a Custom Dialog on page for more information Dialog Properties To view and set Dialog Properties 1 Click on the canvas in an area outside of any controls With no controls on the canvas Dialog Properties are always visible Dialog Name The Dialog Name property is required and specifies a unique name to associate with the dialog This is the name used to identify the dialog when installing or uninstalling it To minimize the possibility of
46. Views of Models By default inclusion or exclusion of model views is controlled by the model properties for each model You_can override this setting and include all views or exclude all but the currently visible view See the topic Model properties on page 148 for more information Note all model views including tables are exported as graphics Graphics format options For HTML and text documents and for exporting charts only you can select the graphic format and for each graphic format you can control various optional settings To select the graphic format and options for exported charts 1 Select HTML Text or None Graphics only as the document type 2 Select the graphic file format from the drop down list 3 Click Change Options to change the options for the selected graphic file format JPEG Chart Export Options e Image size Percentage of original chart size up to 200 percent e Convert to grayscale Converts colors to shades of gray BMP chart export options e Image size Percentage of original chart size up to 200 percent e Compress image to reduce file size A lossless compression technique that creates smaller files without affecting image quality PNG chart export options Image size Percentage of original chart size up to 200 percent Color Depth Determines the number of colors in the exported chart A chart that is saved under any depth will have a minimum of the number of colors that are actu
47. Wizard Cases to Variables Select Variables Restructure Data Wizard Cases to Variables Sort Data Restructure Data Wizard Cases to Variables Options Restructure Data Wizard Finish Chapter 10 Working with ene Working with output Viewer Showing aad hiding jesulis Moving deleting and copying output Changing initial alignment Changing alignment of output items Viewer outline Adding items to the Viewer Finding and replacing information in ithe Viewer 123 123 124 125 125 126 127 127 128 Copying output into other applications Export output eS os HTML options Web report options Word RTF options Excel options PowerPoint options PDF options Text options 99 99 i eg 100 101 101 101 gt 102 104 105 105 105 106 107 107 107 107 108 108 108 111 gt I 112 113 114 114 115 115 gt 115 116 119 119 119 119 119 120 120 120 121 122 Graphics only options Graphics format options Viewer printing x To print output and charts y Print Preview Page Attributes Headers and Fo t rs Page Attributes Options Saving output To save a Viewer document Chapter 11 Pivot tables Pivot tables k Manipulating a pivot table Activating a pivot table Pivoting a table Changing display order of elemens within a dimension Moving rows and alain within
48. a dimension element Transposing rows and col mns Grouping rows or columns Ungrouping rows or columns Rotating row or column labels Sorting rows Inserting rows and colam Controlling display of variable and value labels Changing the output language Navigating large tables Undoing changes Working with layers s Creating and displaying layers Go to layer category Showing and hiding items Hiding rows and columns in a table Showing hidden rows and columns in a table Hiding and showing dimension labels Hiding and showing table titles TableLooks To apply a TableLook g To edit or create a TableLook Table properties P To change pivot table properties Table properties general Table properties notes Table properties cell formats Table properties borders Table properties printing Cell properties Font and background Format value A Alignment and margins Footnotes and captions Adding footnotes and captions To hide or show a caption To hide or show a footnote in a table Footnote marker Renumbering footnotes Editing footnotes in legacy tables Data cell widths oe Changing column width Displaying hidden borders in a pivot table 129 129 130 130 130 130 e431 A381 132 133 133 133 133 133 133 134 134 134 134 134 134 lt 135 135 136 136 136 136 136 137 137 137 137 137 137 137 138
49. a main view and only one main view You can also specify that all available model views are printed These include all the main views and all the auxiliary views except for auxiliary views based on selection in the main view these are not printed Note that you can also print individual model views within the Model Viewer itself See the A Ea more information Copying model views From the Edit menu within the Model Viewer you can copy the currently displayed main view or the currently display auxiliary view Only one model view is copied You can paste the model view into the output Viewer where the individual model view is subsequently rendered as a visualization that can be edited in the Graphboard Editor Pasting into the output Viewer allows you to display multiple model views simultaneously You can also paste into other applications where the view may appear as an image or a table depending on the target application Printing a model Printing from the Model Viewer You can print a single model view within the Model Viewer itself 1 Activate the model in the Model Viewer See the topic Interacting with a model on page 147 for more information 2 From the menus choose View gt Edit Mode if available 3 On the General toolbar palette in the main or auxiliary view depending on which one you want to print click the print icon If this palette is not displayed choose Palettes gt General from the View menu N
50. a new row You delete a row by selecting it and pressing Delete The user is responsible for downloading any required Python modules and copying them to the extensions directory under the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory or to an alternate location specified by their SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH environment variable Translation Catalogues Folder You can include a folder containing translation catalogues This allows you to provide localized messages and localized output from Python or R programs that implement an extension command included in the extension bundle You can also provide localized versions of the Summary and Description fields for the extension bundle that are displayed when end users view the extension bundle details from Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt View Installed Extension Bundles The set of all localized files for an extension bundle should be in a folder named lang Browse to the lang folder that contains the localized files and select that folder For information on localizing output from Python and R programs see the topics on the Integration Plug in for Python and the Integration Plug in for R in the Help system To provide localized versions of the Summary and Description fields create a file named lt extension bundle name gt _ lt anguage identifier gt properties for each language for which a translation is being provided At run time if the properties file for the current user interface language cannot be fo
51. alternate locations for installed dialogs using the SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH environment variable then the copy should reside in the lt Dialog Name gt folder at the appropriate alternate location See the topic Managing Custom Dialogs on page 215 for more information 2 Rename the copy to lt Help File gt _ lt language identifier gt using the language identifiers in the table below For example if the help file is myhelp htm and you want to create a German version of the file then the localized help file should be named myhelp_de htm Localized help files must be manually added to any custom dialog package files you create for the dialog A custom dialog package file is simply a zip file that can be opened and modified with an application such as WinZip on Windows If there are supplementary files such as image files that also need to be localized you will need to manually modify the appropriate paths in the main help file to point to the localized versions which should be stored along with the original versions When the dialog is launched IBM SPSS Statistics will search for a help file whose language identifier matches the current language as specified by the Language drop down on the General tab in the Options dialog box If no such help file is found the help file specified for the dialog the file specified in the Help File property of Dialog Properties is used Language Identifiers de German en English es Spanish
52. applied to a selected cell You can change the font value format alignment margins and colors Cell properties override table properties therefore if you change table properties you do not change any individually applied cell properties To change cell properties 1 Activate a table and select the cell s in the table 2 From the Format menu or the pop up menu choose Cell Properties Font and background The Font and Background tab controls the font style and color and background color for the selected cells in the table Format value The Format Value tab controls value formats for the selected cells You can select formats for numbers dates time or currencies and you can adjust the number of decimal digits that are displayed Note The list of Currency formats contains Dollar format numbers with a leading dollar sign and five custom currency formats By default all custom currency formats are set to the default numeric format which contains no currency or other custom symbols For information on defining custom currency formats see Currency options on page 197 Alignment and margins The Alignment and Margins tab controls horizontal and vertical alignment of values and top bottom left and right margins for the selected cells Mixed horizontal alignment aligns the content of each cell according to its type For example dates are right aligned and text values are left aligned Footnotes and captions You
53. as you would in the Syntax Editor The Syntax Template dialog box supports the auto completion and color coding features of the Syntax Editor See the topic Using the Syntax Editor on page 163 for more information 3 Add control identifiers of the form Identifier at the locations where you want to insert command syntax generated by controls where Identifier is the value of the Identifier property for the control You can select from a list of available control identifiers by pressing Ctrl Spacebar The list contains the control identifiers followed by the items available with the syntax auto completion feature If you manually enter identifiers retain any spaces since all spaces in identifiers are significant 212 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide At run time and for all controls other than check boxes and check box groups each identifier is replaced with the current value of the Syntax property of the associated control For check boxes and check box groups the identifier is replaced by the current value of the Checked Syntax or Unchecked Syntax property of the associated control depending on the current state of the control checked or unchecked See the topic Control Types on page 217 for more information Note The syntax generated at run time automatically includes a command terminator period as the very last character if one is not present Example Including Run time Values in the Syntax Template Co
54. assign to the parameter To enter or edit a value double click its cell in the table Values are not validated here any invalid values are detected at run time Automatically remove invalid parameters from table This option is selected by default and will remove any invalid parameters found within the data object or report Changing variable names For IBM Cognos Business Intelligence data packages package field names are automatically converted to valid variable names You can use the Fields tab of the Read Cognos Data dialog to override the default names Names must be unique and must conform to variable naming rules See the topic Variable for more information Reading IBM SPSS Data Collection Data On Microsoft Windows operating systems you can read data from IBM SPSS Data Collection products Note This feature is only available with IBM SPSS Statistics installed on Microsoft Windows operating systems To read IBM SPSS Data Collection data sources you must have the following items installed e NET framework To obtain the most recent version of the NET framework go to http e IBM SPSS Data Collection Survey Reporter Developer Kit An installable version of IBM SPSS Data Collection Survey Reporter Developer Kit is available with the installation media You can read IBM SPSS Data Collection data sources only in local analysis mode This feature is not available in distributed analysis mode using IBM SPSS Statistics Server
55. be in Python e The startup script must be named StartClient_ py for Python or StartClient_ wwd for Basic e The script that runs when switching servers must be named StartServer_ py for Python or StartServer_ wwd for Basic e The scripts must be located in the scripts directory of the installation directory located at the root of the installation directory for Windows and Linux and under the Contents directory in the application bundle for Mac Note that regardless of whether you are working in distributed mode all scripts including the StartServer_ scripts must reside on the client machine e On Windows if the scripts directory contains both a Python and a Basic version of StartClient_ or StartServer_ then both versions are executed The order of execution is the Python version followed by the Basic version e If your system is configured to start up in distributed mode then at the start of each session any StartClient_ scripts are run followed by any StartServer_ scripts Note The StartServer_ scripts also run each time you switch servers but the StartClient_ scripts only run at the start of a session Example This is an example of a StartServer_ script that maps a drive letter to a shared network resource specified by a UNC identifier This allows users working in distributed mode to access data files on the network resource from the Open Remote File dialog box 258 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide StartServer_
56. be the same type You cannot recode numeric and string variables together To Recode Values of a Variable into a New Variable 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Recode into Different Variables 2 Select the variables you want to recode If you select multiple variables they must be the same type numeric or string 3 Enter an output new variable name for each new variable and click Change 4 Click Old and New Values and specify how to recode values Optionally you can define a subset of cases to recode The If Cases dialog box for doing this is the same as the one described for Count Occurrences Recode into Different Variables Old and New Values You can define values to recode in this dialog box Old Value The value s to be recoded You can recode single values ranges of values and missing values System missing values and ranges cannot be selected for string variables because neither concept applies to string variables Old values must be the same data type numeric or string as the original variable Ranges include their endpoints and any user missing values that fall within the range e Value Individual old value to be recoded into a new value The value must be the same data type numeric or string as the variable s being recoded e System missing Values assigned by the program when values in your data are undefined according to the format type you have specified when a numeric field is blank or when a val
57. before any other autoscripts are applied Specify the script file to be used as the base autoscript as well as the language whose executable will be used to run the script To Apply Autoscripts to Output Items 1 In the Command Identifiers grid select a command that generates output items to which autoscripts will be applied The Objects column in the Objects and Scripts grid displays a list of the objects associated with the selected command The Script column displays any existing script for the selected command 2 Specify a script for any of the items shown in the Objects column click the corresponding Script cell Enter the path to the script or click the ellipsis button to browse for the script 3 Specify the language whose executable will be used to run the script Note The selected language is not affected by changing the default script language 4 Click Apply or OK To remove autoscript associations 1 In the Objects and Scripts grid click the cell in the Script column corresponding to the script to dissociate 2 Delete the path to the script and then click any other cell in the Objects and Scripts grid 3 Click Apply or OK Syntax editor options Syntax Color Coding You can turn color coding of commands subcommands keywords keyword values and comments off or on and you can specify the font style and color for each Error Color Coding Chapter 18 Options 203 You can turn color coding of certai
58. button is a property of the radio button and is set in the Radio Group Properties dialog box Note You can also open the Radio Group Properties dialog by double clicking the Radio Group control on the canvas Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated by this control at run time and can be inserted in the syntax template e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks e The value ThisValue specifies the run time value of the radio button group which is the value of the Syntax property for the selected radio button This is the default If the Syntax property includes ThisValue and no syntax is generated by the selected radio button then the radio button group does not generate any command syntax Defining Radio Buttons The Radio Button Group Properties dialog box allows you to specify a group of radio buttons Identifier A unique identifier for the radio button Name The name that appears next to the radio button The name is a required field ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control Mnemonic Key An optional character in the name to use as a mnemonic The specified character must exist in the name Nested Group Specifies whether other controls can be nested under this radio button The default is false When the nested group property is set to true a rectangular drop zone is displayed nested and indented under the associated radio button Th
59. chart Colors are used whenever you select a choice that includes color in the Style Cycle Preference group in the main Chart Options dialog box For example if you create a clustered bar chart with two groups and you select Cycle through colors then patterns in the main Chart Options dialog box the first two colors in the Grouped Charts list are used as the bar colors on the new chart To Change the Order in Which Colors Are Used 1 Select Simple Charts and then select a color that is used for charts without categories 2 Select Grouped Charts to change the color cycle for charts with categories To change a category s color select a category and then select a color for that category from the palette Optionally you can e Insert a new category above the selected category e Move a selected category e Remove a selected category e Reset the sequence to the default sequence e Edit a color by selecting its well and then clicking Edit Data Element Lines Specify the order in which styles should be used for the line data elements in your new chart Line styles are used whenever your chart includes line data elements and you select a choice that includes patterns in the Style Cycle Preference group in the main Chart Options dialog box For example if you create a line chart with two groups and you select Cycle through patterns only in the main Chart Options dialog box the first two styles in the Grouped Charts list are used as the
60. check box group At run time the identifiers are replaced with the syntax generated by the controls e The value ThisValue can be used in either the Checked Syntax or Unchecked Syntax property It generates a blank separated list of the syntax generated by each control in the check box group in the order in which they appear in the group top to bottom e By default the Checked Syntax property has a value of ThisValue and the Unchecked Syntax property is blank File Browser The File Browser control consists of a text box for a file path and a browse button that opens a standard IBM SPSS Statistics dialog to open or save a file The File Browser control has the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control This is the identifier to use when referencing the control in the syntax template Title An optional title that appears above the control For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control Mnemonic Key An optional character in the title to use as a keyboard shortcut to the control The character appears underlined in the title The shortcut is activated by pressing Alt mnemonic key The Mnemonic Key property is not supported on Mac 224 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide File System Operation Specifies whether the dialog launched by the browse button is appropriate for opening files or for saving
61. continue execution when ready e Breakpoints are set at the level of a command and stop execution prior to running the command e Breakpoints cannot occur within LOOP END LOOP DO IF END IF DO REPEAT END REPEAT INPUT PROGRAM END INPUT PROGRAM and MATRIX END MATRIX blocks They can however be set at the beginning of such blocks and will stop execution prior to running the block e Breakpoints cannot be set on lines containing non IBM SPSS Statistics command syntax such as occur within BEGIN PROGRAM END PROGRAM BEGIN DATA END DATA and BEGIN GPL END GPL blocks e Breakpoints are not saved with the command syntax file and are not included in copied text e By default breakpoints are honored during execution You can toggle whether breakpoints are honored or not from Tools gt Honor Breakpoints To Insert a Breakpoint 1 Click anywhere in the gutter to the left of the command text or 2 Position the cursor within the command 3 From the menus choose Tools gt Toggle Breakpoint The breakpoint is represented as a red circle in the gutter to the left of the command text and on the same line as the command name Clearing Breakpoints 166 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide To clear a single breakpoint 1 Click the icon representing the breakpoint in the gutter to the left of the command text or 2 Position the cursor within the command 3 From the menus choose Tools gt Toggle Breakpoint To clear all break
62. data definition file or some other written description that specifies the line and column location for each variable Text Wizard Step 5 This steps controls the variable name and the data format that the Text Wizard will use to read each variable and which variables will be included in the final data file Chapter 3 Data files 19 Variable name You can overwrite the default variable names with your own variable names If you read variable names from the data file the Text Wizard will automatically modify variable names that don t conform to variable naming rules Select a variable in the preview window and then enter a variable name Data format Select a variable in the preview window and then select a format from the drop down list Shift click to select multiple contiguous variables or Ctrl click to select multiple noncontiguous variables The default format is determined from the data values in the first 250 rows If more than one format e g numeric date string is encountered in the first 250 rows the default format is set to string Text Wizard Formatting Options Formatting options for reading variables with the Text Wizard include Do not import Omit the selected variable s from the imported data file Numeric Valid values include numbers a leading plus or minus sign and a decimal indicator String Valid values include virtually any keyboard characters and embedded blanks For delimited files you can specify the nu
63. data values in the Data Editor cannot be changed while there are pending transformations Any command that reads the data such as a statistical or charting procedure will execute the pending transformations and update the data displayed in the Data Editor Alternatively you can use Run Pending Transforms on the Transform menu e With the default setting of Calculate values immediately when you paste command syntax from dialogs an EXECUTE command is pasted after each transformation command See the topic Multiple Execute Commands on page 170 for more information Display Format for New Numeric Variables Controls the default display width and number of decimal places for new numeric variables There is no default display format for new string variables If a value is too large for the specified display format first decimal places are rounded and then values are converted to scientific notation Display formats do not affect internal data values For example the value 123456 78 may be rounded to 123457 for display but the original unrounded value is used in any calculations Set Century Range for 2 Digit Years Defines the range of years for date format variables entered and or displayed with a two digit year for example 10 28 86 29 OCT 87 The automatic range setting is based on the current year beginning 69 years prior to and ending 30 years after the current year adding the current year makes a total range of 100 years For a cust
64. editing 41 235 logging in 41 relative paths 44 removing group labels 134 renaming datasets 64 reordering rows and columns 134 replacing missing values linear interpolation 97 linear trend 97 mean of nearby points 97 median of nearby points 97 series mean 97 Reset button 4 restricted numeric format 49 restructuring data 108 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 and weighted data 116 creating a single index variable for variables to cases 113 creating index variables for variables to cases 112 creating multiple index variables for variables to cases 114 example of cases to variables 110 example of one index for variables to cases 112 example of two indices for variables to cases 113 example of variables to cases 110 options for cases to variables 115 options for variables to cases 114 overview 108 selecting data for cases to variables 115 selecting data for variables to cases 111 sorting data for cases to variables 115 types of restructuring 108 variable groups for variables to cases 111 roles Data Editor 52 rotating labels 134 rows 144 selecting in pivot tables 144 running median function 96 S sampling random sample 107 SAS files opening 9 reading 9 saving 24 SAV file format routing output to IBM SPSS Statistics data file 242 routing output to IBM SPSS Statistics data files 245 Savage scores 89 saving charts 123 129 BMP files 123 129 EMF files 123 EPS files 123 129 JPEG files 123 129 metafiles 123 PICT
65. example If you specify a bold font as a cell format of column labels the column labels will appear bold no matter what information is currently displayed in the column dimension If you move an item from the column dimension to another dimension it does not retain the bold characteristic of the column labels e If you make column labels bold simply by highlighting the cells in an activated pivot table and clicking the Bold button on the toolbar the contents of those cells will remain bold no matter what dimension you move them to and the column labels will not retain the bold characteristic for other items moved into the column dimension To change cell formats 1 Select the Cell Formats tab 2 Select an Area from the drop down list or click an area of the sample 3 Select characteristics for the area Your selections are reflected in the sample 4 Click OK or Apply Alternating row colors To apply a different background and or text color to alternate rows in the Data area of the table 1 Select Data from the Area drop down list 2 Select check Alternate row color in the Background Color group 3 Select the colors to use for the alternate row background and text Alternate row colors affect only the Data area of the table They do not affect row or column label areas Table properties borders For each border location in a table you can select a line style and a color If you select None as the style there will be
66. example you could match a table in which there are only a few records representing data values and associated descriptive labels with values in a table containing hundreds or thousands of records representing survey respondents A left outer join includes all records from the table on the left and from the table on the right includes only those records in which the related fields are equal In a right outer join the join imports all records from the table on the right and from the table on the left imports only those records in which the related fields are equal Computing New Fields If you are in distributed mode connected to a remote server available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server you can compute new fields before you read the data into IBM SPSS Statistics You can also compute new fields after you read the data into IBM SPSS Statistics but computing new fields in the database can save time for large data sources 14 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide New Field Name The name must comply with IBM SPSS Statistics variable name rules Expression Enter the expression to compute the new field You can drag existing field names from the Fields list and functions from the Functions list Limiting Retrieved Cases The Limit Retrieved Cases step allows you to specify the criteria to select subsets of cases rows Limiting cases generally consists of filling the criteria grid with criteria Criteria consist of two expressi
67. field s selected all of its fields will be visible in the following Database Wizard windows but only fields that are selected in this step will be imported as variables This enables you to create table joins and to specify criteria by using fields that you are not importing Chapter 3 Data files 13 Displaying field names To list the fields in a table click the plus sign to the left of a table name To hide the fields click the minus sign to the left of a table name To add a field Double click any field in the Available Tables list or drag it to the Retrieve Fields In This Order list Fields can be reordered by dragging and dropping them within the fields list To remove a field Double click any field in the Retrieve Fields In This Order list or drag it to the Available Tables list Sort field names If this check box is selected the Database Wizard will display your available fields in alphabetical order By default the list of available tables displays only standard database tables You can control the type of items that are displayed in the list e Tables Standard database tables e Views Views are virtual or dynamic tables defined by queries These can include joins of multiple tables and or fields derived from calculations based on the values of other fields e Synonyms A synonym is an alias for a table or view typically defined in a query e System tables System tables define database properties In
68. files and output documents cannot be opened in versions of IBM SPSS Statistics prior to version 21 Encrypted syntax files cannot be opened in versions prior to version 22 Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 263 264 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Notices This information was developed for products and services offered in the U S A IBM may not offer the products services or features discussed in this document in other countries Consult your local IBM representative for information on the products and services currently available in your area Any reference to an IBM product program or service is not intended to state or imply that only that IBM product program or service may be used Any functionally equivalent product program or service that does not infringe any IBM intellectual property right may be used instead However it is the user s responsibility to evaluate and verify the operation of any non IBM product program or service IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter described in this document The furnishing of this document does not grant you any license to these patents You can send license inquiries in writing to IBM Director of Licensing IBM Corporation North Castle Drive Armonk NY 10504 1785 U S A For license inquiries regarding double byte DBCS information contact the IBM Intellectual Property Department in your country or send inquiries in w
69. footnotes using the Format subdialog See the topic font and color seting for more information A single background color is applied to all footnotes and can be changed in the Font and Background tab of the Cell Properties dialog See the topic fon more intoumition Visible All footnotes are visible by default Deselect clear the Visible checkbox to hide a footnote Footnote font and color settings For legacy tables you can use the Format dialog to change the font family style size and color for one or more selected footnotes 1 In the Edit Footnotes dialog select click one or more footnotes in the Footnotes grid 2 Click the Format button The selected font family style size and colors are applied to all the selected footnotes Background color alignment and margins can be set in the Cell Properties dialog and_apply to all footnotes You cannot change these settings for individual footnotes See the topic Font and background on page 141 for more information Data cell widths Set Data Cell Width is used to set all data cells to the same width To set the width for all data cells 1 From the menus choose Format gt Set Data Cell Widths 2 Enter a value for the cell width Changing column width 1 Click and drag the column border Displaying hidden borders in a pivot table For tables without many visible borders you can display the hidden borders This can simplify tasks like changing co
70. for the Frequencies procedure is Frequencies and the underlying command name is also the same There are however some cases where the procedure name and the command identifier and or the command name are not all that similar For example all of the procedures on the Nonparametric Tests submenu from the Analyze menu use the same underlying command and the command identifier is the same as the underlying command name Npar Tests Table subtypes Table subtypes are the different types of pivot tables that can be produced Some subtypes are produced by only one command other subtypes can be produced by multiple commands although the tables may not look similar Although table subtype names are generally descriptive there can be many names to choose from particularly if you have selected a large number of commands also two subtypes may have very similar names To find command identifiers and table subtypes When in doubt you can find command identifiers and table subtype names in the Viewer window 1 Run the procedure to generate some output in the Viewer 2 Right click the item in the outline pane of the Viewer 3 Choose Copy OMS Command Identifier or Copy OMS Table Subtype 4 Paste the copied command identifier or table subtype name into any text editor such as a Syntax Editor window Chapter 22 Output Management System 241 Labels As an alternative to table subtype names you can select tables based on the tex
71. for the new variable and click New Name Rank Cases The Rank Cases dialog box allows you to create new variables containing ranks normal and Savage scores and percentile values for numeric variables New variable names and descriptive variable labels are automatically generated based on the original variable name and the selected measure s A summary table lists the original variables the new variables and the variable labels Note The automatically generated new variable names are limited to a maximum length of 8 bytes Optionally you can e Rank cases in ascending or descending order e Organize rankings into subgroups by selecting one or more grouping variables for the By list Ranks are computed within each group Groups are defined by the combination of values of the grouping variables For example if you select gender and minority as grouping variables ranks are computed for each combination of gender and minority To Rank Cases 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Rank Cases 88 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 2 Select one or more variables to rank You can rank only numeric variables Optionally you can rank cases in ascending or descending order and organize ranks into subgroups Rank Cases Types You can select multiple ranking methods A separate ranking variable is created for each method Ranking methods include simple ranks Savage scores fractional ranks and percentiles You c
72. for the variable should match the basic data type of the database field If there is a data type mismatch that cannot be resolved by the database an error results and no data is exported to the database For example if you export a string variable to a database field with a numeric data type for example double real integer an error will result if any values of the string variable contain non numeric characters The letter a in the icon next to a variable denotes a string variable e You cannot modify the field name type or width The original database field attributes are preserved only the values are replaced Chapter 3 Data files 33 Adding New Fields To add new fields to an existing database table 1 In the Choose how to export the data panel of the Export to Database Wizard select Add new fields to an existing table 2 In the Select a table or view panel select the database table 3 In the Match cases to records panel match the variables that uniquely identify each case to the corresponding database field names 4 Drag and drop the variables that you want to add as new fields to the Source of values column For information on field names and data types see the section on creating database fields from IBM SPSS Statistics variables in Exporting to a Database on page 30 Show existing fields Select this option to display a list of existing fields You cannot use this panel in the Export to Database Wizard to re
73. gt Mark File Read Only If you make subsequent modifications to the data and then try to save the data file you can save the data only with a different filename so the original data are not affected You can change the file permissions back to read write by choosing Mark File Read Write from the File menu Virtual Active File The virtual active file enables you to work with large data files without requiring equally large or larger amounts of temporary disk space For most analysis and charting procedures the original data source is reread each time you run a different procedure Procedures that modify the data require a certain amount of temporary disk space to keep track of the changes and some actions always require enough disk space for at least one entire copy of the data file Actions that don t require any temporary disk space include e Reading IBM SPSS Statistics data files e Merging two or more IBM SPSS Statistics data files e Reading database tables with the Database Wizard e Merging IBM SPSS Statistics data files with database tables e Running procedures that read data for example Frequencies Crosstabs Explore Actions that create one or more columns of data in temporary disk space include e Computing new variables e Recoding existing variables e Running procedures that create or modify variables for example saving predicted values in Linear Regression Actions that create an entire copy of the data file
74. included in PNG format Graphics Images For HTML and Output XML formats you can include charts tree diagrams and model views as image files A separate image file is created for each chart and or tree e For HTML document format standard lt IMG SRC filename gt tags are included in the HTML document for each image file e For Output XML document format the XML file contains a chart element with an ImageFile attribute of the general form lt chart imageFile filepath filename gt for each image file e Image files are saved in a separate subdirectory folder The subdirectory name is the name of the destination file without any extension and with _files appended to the end For example if the destination file is julydata htm the images subdirectory will be named julydata_files Format The available image formats are PNG JPG and BMP Size You can scale the image size from 10 to 200 Include Imagemaps For HTML document format this option creates image map ToolTips that display information for some chart elements such as the value of the selected point on a line chart or bar on a bar chart Table Pivots For pivot table output you can specify the dimension element s that should appear in the columns All other dimension elements appear in the rows For IBM SPSS Statistics data file format table columns become variables and rows become cases Chapter 22 Output Management System 243 e If you specify multiple di
75. information Syntax files Production jobs use command syntax files to tell IBM SPSS Statistics what to do A command syntax file is a simple text file containing command syntax You can use the syntax editor or any text editor to create the file You can also generate command syntax by pasting dialog box selections into a syntax window See the topic Chapter 14 Working with Command Syntax on page 161 for more information Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 231 If you include multiple command syntax files the files are concatenated together in the order they appear in the list and run as a single job Syntax format Controls the form of the syntax rules used for the job e Interactive Each command must end with a period Periods can appear anywhere within the command and commands can continue on multiple lines but a period as the last nonblank character on a line is interpreted as the end of the command Continuation lines and new commands can start anywhere on a new line These are the interactive rules in effect when you select and run commands in a syntax window e Batch Each command must start at the beginning of a new line no blank spaces before the start of the command and continuation lines must be indented at least one space If you want to indent new commands you can use a plus sign dash or period as the first character at the start of the line and then indent the actual command The period at the en
76. is the rank e Tukey Uses the formula r 1 3 w 1 3 where r is the rank and w is the sum of the case weights e Rankit Uses the formula 1 1 2 w where w is the number of observations and r is the rank ranging from 1 to w e Van der Waerden Van der Waerden s transformation defined by the formula r w 1 where w is the sum of the case weights and r is the rank ranging from 1 to w Rank Cases Ties This dialog box controls the method for assigning rankings to cases with the same value on the original variable The following table shows how the different methods assign ranks to tied values Table 7 Ranking methods and results Value Mean Low High Sequential 10 1 1 1 1 15 3 2 4 2 15 3 2 4 2 Chapter 8 Data Transformations 89 Table 7 Ranking methods and results continued Value Mean Low High Sequential 15 3 2 4 2 16 5 5 5 3 20 6 6 6 4 Date and Time Wizard The Date and Time Wizard simplifies a number of common tasks associated with date and time variables To Use the Date and Time Wizard 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Date and Time Wizard 2 Select the task you want to accomplish and follow the steps to define the task e Learn how dates and times are represented This choice leads to a screen that provides a brief overview of date time variables in IBM SPSS Statistics By clicking on the Help button it also provides a link to more detailed information e Create a date time variable
77. labels into a sas file in the Save Data As dialog box For information on exporting data to database tables see Exporting to a Database on page 30 Saving data Data file types You can save data in the following formats IBM SPSS Statistics sav IBM SPSS Statistics format e Data files saved in IBM SPSS Statistics format cannot be read by versions of the software prior to version 7 5 Data files saved in Unicode encoding cannot be read by releases of IBM SPSS Statistics prior to version 16 0 See the topic General options on page 193 for more information e When using data files with variable names longer than eight bytes in version 10 x or 11 x unique eight byte versions of variable names are used but the original variable names are preserved for use in release 12 0 or later In releases prior to 10 0 the original long variable names are lost if you save the data file e When using data files with string variables longer than 255 bytes in versions prior to release 13 0 those string variables are broken up into multiple 255 byte string variables IBM SPSS Statistics Compressed zsav Compressed IBM SPSS Statistics format e ZSAV files have the same features as SAV files but they take up less disk space e ZSAV files may take more or less time to open and save depending on the file size and system configuration Extra time is needed to de compress and compress ZSAV files However because ZSAV files are smaller
78. line patterns on the new chart To Change the Order in Which Line Styles Are Used 1 Select Simple Charts and then select a line style that is used for line charts without categories 2 Select Grouped Charts to change the pattern cycle for line charts with categories To change a category s line style select a category and then select a line style for that category from the palette Optionally you can e Insert a new category above the selected category e Move a selected category e Remove a selected category e Reset the sequence to the default sequence Data Element Markers Specify the order in which symbols should be used for the marker data elements in your new chart Marker styles are used whenever your chart includes marker data elements and you select a choice that includes patterns in the Style Cycle Preference group in the main Chart Options dialog box Chapter 18 Options 199 For example if you create a scatterplot chart with two groups and you select Cycle through patterns only in the main Chart Options dialog box the first two symbols in the Grouped Charts list are used as the markers on the new chart To Change the Order in Which Marker Styles Are Used 1 Select Simple Charts and then select a marker symbol that is used for charts without categories 2 Select Grouped Charts to change the pattern cycle for charts with categories To change a category s marker symbol select a category and then select a symbol for
79. locale encoding regardless of current mode Unicode or code page In Unicode mode SAS 9 files are saved in UTF 8 format In code page mode SAS 9 files are saved in the current locale encoding A maximum of 32 767 variables can be saved to SAS 6 8 SAS data file names can be up to 32 characters in length Blank spaces and non alphanumeric characters other than the underscore _ are not allowed and names have to start with a letter or an underscore numbers can follow Save Value Labels You have the option of saving the values and value labels associated with your data file to a SAS syntax file This syntax file contains proc format and proc datasets commands that can be run in SAS to create a SAS format catalog file This feature is not supported for the SAS transport file Variable Types The following table shows the variable type matching between the original data in IBM SPSS Statistics and the exported data in SAS Table 3 How SAS variable types and formats map to IBM SPSS Statistics types and formats IBM SPSS Statistics Variable Type SAS Variable Type SAS Data Format Numeric Numeric 12 Comma Numeric 12 Dot Numeric 12 Scientific Notation Numeric 12 Date Numeric Date for example MMDDYY10 Date Time Numeric Time18 Dollar Numeric 12 Custom Currency Numeric 12 String Character 8 Saving data files in Stata format 28 Data can be written in Stata 5 8 format and in both Intercooled and SE format ver
80. missing values with the mean of valid surrounding values The span of nearby points is the number of valid values above and below the missing value used to compute the mean Median of nearby points Replaces missing values with the median of valid surrounding values The span of nearby points is the number of valid values above and below the missing value used to compute the median Linear interpolation Replaces missing values using a linear interpolation The last valid value before the missing value and the first valid value after the missing value are used for the interpolation If the first or last case in the series has a missing value the missing value is not replaced Linear trend at point Replaces missing values with the linear trend for that point The existing series is regressed on an index variable scaled 1 to n Missing values are replaced with their predicted values Chapter 8 Data Transformations 97 98 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations File handling and file transformations Data files are not always organized in the ideal form for your specific needs You may want to combine data files sort the data in a different order select a subset of cases or change the unit of analysis by grouping cases together A wide range of file transformation capabilities is available including the ability to Sort data You can sort cases based on the value of one o
81. mmiss Specify Result of Adding or Subtracting a Duration from a Date Time Variable 1 Enter a name for Result Variable This cannot be the name of an existing variable Optionally you can e Assign a descriptive variable label to the new variable Subtract Date Format Variables To subtract two date format variables 92 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 1 Select Calculate the number of time units between two dates on the screen of the Date and Time Wizard labeled Do Calculations on Dates Select Date Format Variables to Subtract 1 Select the variables to subtract 2 Select the unit for the result from the drop down list 3 Select how the result should be calculated Result Treatment Result Treatment The following options are available for how the result is calculated Truncate to integer Any fractional portion of the result is ignored For example subtracting 10 28 2006 from 10 21 2007 returns a result of 0 for years and 11 for months e Round to integer The result is rounded to the closest integer For example subtracting 10 28 2006 from 10 21 2007 returns a result of 1 for years and 12 for months e Retain fractional part The complete value is retained no rounding or truncation is applied For example subtracting 10 28 2006 from 10 21 2007 returns a result of 0 98 for years and 11 76 for months For rounding and fractional retention the result for years is based on average number of days in
82. mode available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server OLE DB data sources are available only on Windows servers and both NET and IBM SPSS Data Collection Survey Reporter Developer Kit must be installed on the server To add an OLE DB data source 1 Click Add OLE DB Data Source 2 In Data Link Properties click the Provider tab and select the OLE DB provider 3 Click Next or click the Connection tab 4 Select the database by entering the directory location and database name or by clicking the button to browse to a database A user name and password may also be required 5 Click OK after entering all necessary information You can make sure the specified database is available by clicking the Test Connection button 6 Enter a name for the database connection information This name will be displayed in the list of available OLE DB data sources 7 Click OK This takes you back to the first screen of the Database Wizard where you can select the saved name from the list of OLE DB data sources and continue to the next step of the wizard Deleting OLE DB Data Sources To delete data source names from the list of OLE DB data sources delete the UDL file with the name of the data source in drive Documents and Settings user login Local Settings Application Data SPSS UDL Selecting Data Fields The Select Data step controls which tables and fields are read Database fields columns are read as variables If a table has any
83. must follow variable naming rules See the topic Variable names on page 48 for more information 5 Define the binning criteria for the new variable See the topic Binning Variables on page 76 for more information 6 Click OK Chapter 7 Data preparation 75 Binning Variables The Visual Binning main dialog box provides the following information for the scanned variables Scanned Variable List Displays the variables you selected in the initial dialog box You can sort the list by measurement level scale or ordinal or by variable label or name by clicking on the column headings Cases Scanned Indicates the number of cases scanned All scanned cases without user missing or system missing values for the selected variable are used to generate the distribution of values used in calculations in Visual Binning including the histogram displayed in the main dialog box and cutpoints based on percentiles or standard deviation units Missing Values Indicates the number of scanned cases with user missing or system missing values Missing values are not included in any of the binned categories See the topic User Missing Values i Visual Binning on page 79 for more information Current Variable The name and variable label if any for the currently selected variable that will be used as the basis for the new binned variable Binned Variable Name and optional variable label for the new binned variable e Name You must ente
84. name conflicts you may want to prefix the dialog name with an identifier for your organization such as a URL Menu Location Click the ellipsis button to open the Menu Location dialog box which allows you to specify the name and location of the menu item for the custom dialog Title The Title property specifies the text to be displayed in the title bar of the dialog box Help File The Help File property is optional and specifies the path to a help file for the dialog This is the file that will be launched when the user clicks the Help button on the dialog Help files must be in HTML format A copy of the specified help file is included with the specifications for the dialog when the dialog is installed or saved to a custom dialog package file The Help button on the run time dialog is hidden if there is no associated help file 210 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Any supporting files such as image files and style sheets must be stored along with the main help file once the custom dialog has been installed By default the specifications for an installed custom dialog are stored in the ext lib lt Dialog Name gt folder of the installation directory for Windows and Linux For Mac specifications are stored under the Library Application Support BM SPS S Statistics lt version gt CustomDialogs lt Dialog Name gt folder where lt version gt is the two digit IBM SPSS Statistics version for example 22 Supporting fil
85. new variable 86 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Output variables are strings Defines the new recoded variable as a string alphanumeric variable The old variable can be numeric or string Convert numeric strings to numbers Converts string values containing numbers to numeric values Strings containing anything other than numbers and an optional sign or are assigned the system missing value Old gt New The list of specifications that will be used to recode the variable s You can add change and remove specifications from the list The list is automatically sorted based on the old value specification using the following order single values missing values ranges and all other values If you change a recode specification on the list the procedure automatically re sorts the list if necessary to maintain this order Automatic Recode The Automatic Recode dialog box allows you to convert string and numeric values into consecutive integers When category codes are not sequential the resulting empty cells reduce performance and increase memory requirements for many procedures Additionally some procedures cannot use string variables and some require consecutive integer values for factor levels e The new variable s created by Automatic Recode retain any defined variable and value labels from the old variable For any values without a defined value label the original value is used as the label for the re
86. of cases with the system missing value at the end of the series is equal to the order value Smoothing New series values based on a compound data smoother The smoother starts with a running median of 4 which is centered by a running median of 2 It then resmoothes these values by applying a running median of 5 a running median of 3 and hanning running weighted averages Residuals are computed by subtracting the smoothed series from the original series This whole process is then repeated on the computed residuals Finally the smoothed residuals are computed by subtracting the smoothed values obtained the first time through the process This is sometimes referred to as T4253H smoothing 96 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Replace Missing Values Missing observations can be problematic in analysis and some time series measures cannot be computed if there are missing values in the series Sometimes the value for a particular observation is simply not known In addition missing data can result from any of the following e Each degree of differencing reduces the length of a series by 1 e Each degree of seasonal differencing reduces the length of a series by one season e If you create new series that contain forecasts beyond the end of the existing series by clicking a Save button and making suitable choices the original series and the generated residual series will have missing data for the new observations e Some tra
87. of files and click OK or Apply You can use one of the TableLooks provided with IBM SPSS Statistics or you can create your own in the Pivot Table Editor choose TableLooks from the Format menu e Browse Allows you to select a TableLook from another directory e Set TableLook Directory Allows you to change the default TableLook directory Use Browse to navigate to the directory you want to use select a TableLook in that directory and then select Set TableLook Directory Note TableLooks created in earlier versions of IBM SPSS Statistics cannot be used in version 16 0 or later 200 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Column Widths These options control the automatic adjustment of column widths in pivot tables e Adjust for labels and data except for extremely large tables For tables that don t exceed 10 000 cells adjusts column width to whichever is larger the column label or the largest data value For tables with more than 10 000 cells adjusts column width to the width of the column label Note This option is only available if you select the option to render as legacy tables e Adjust for labels only Adjusts column width to the width of the column label This produces more compact tables but data values wider than the label may be truncated e Adjust for labels and data for all tables Adjusts column width to whichever is larger the column label or the largest data value This produces wider tables but it ensu
88. on disk they reduce the time needed to read and write from disk As the file size gets larger this time savings surpasses the extra time needed to de compress and compress the files e Only IBM SPSS Statistics version 21 or higher can open ZSAV files e The option to save the data file with your local code page encoding is not available for ZSAV files These files are always saved in UTF 8 encoding Version 7 0 sav Version 7 0 format Data files saved in version 7 0 format can be read by version 7 0 and earlier versions but do not include defined multiple response sets or Data Entry for Windows information SPSS PC sys SPSS PC format If the data file contains more than 500 variables only the first 500 will be saved For variables with more than one defined user missing value additional user missing values will be recoded into the first defined user missing value This format is available only on Windows operating systems IBM SPSS Statistics Portable por Portable format that can be read by other versions of IBM SPSS Statistics and versions on other operating systems Variable names are limited to eight bytes and are automatically converted to unique eight byte names if necessary In most cases saving data in portable format is no longer necessary since IBM SPSS Statistics data files should be platform operating system independent You cannot save data files in portable file in Unicode mode See the topic General optional lon
89. on other operating systems e SYSTAT data files SYSTAT SYZ files are not supported e SAS data files e Stata data files e IBM Cognos Business Intelligence data packages and list reports Opening data files In addition to files saved in IBM SPSS Statistics format you can open Excel SAS Stata tab delimited and other files without converting the files to an intermediate format or entering data definition information e Opening a data file makes it the active dataset If you already have one or more open data files they remain open and available for subsequent use in the session Clicking anywhere in the Data Editor window for an open data file will make it the active dataset See the topic Chapter 6 Working with Multiple Data Sources on page 63 for more information e In distributed analysis mode using a remote server to process commands and run procedures the available data files folders and drives are dependent on what is available on or from the remote server The current server name is indicated at the top of the dialog box You will not have access to data files on your local computer unless you specify the drive as a shared device and the folders containing your data files as shared folders See the topic Chapter 4 Distributed Analysis Mode on page 41 for more information To open data files 1 From the menus choose File gt Open gt Data 2 In the Open Data dialog box select the file that you wa
90. only be opened by providing the password The option to encrypt a file is provided on the Save As dialogs for data files output documents and syntax files You can also encrypt a data file when sorting it and saving the sorted file e Passwords cannot be recovered if they are lost If the password is lost the file cannot be opened e Passwords are limited to 10 characters and are case sensitive Creating strong passwords e Use eight or more characters e Include numbers symbols and even punctuation in your password e Avoid sequences of numbers or characters such as 123 and abc and avoid repetition such as lilaaa e Do not create passwords that use personal information such as birthdays or nicknames e Periodically change the password Modifying encrypted files e If you open an encrypted file make modifications to it and choose File gt Save the modified file will be saved with the same password e You can change the password on an encrypted file by opening the file repeating the steps for encrypting it and specifying a different password in the Encrypt File dialog box e You can save an unencrypted version of an encrypted data file or output document by opening the file choosing File gt Save As and deselecting Encrypt file with password in the associated Save As dialog box For an encrypted syntax file select Syntax from the Save as type drop down list to save an unencrypted version of the file Note Encrypted data
91. open the builder by double clicking on the Sub dialog button Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 225 Mnemonic Key An optional character in the title to use as a keyboard shortcut to the control The character appears underlined in the title The shortcut is activated by pressing Alt mnemonic key The Mnemonic Key property is not supported on Mac Note The Sub dialog Button control cannot be added to a sub dialog Dialog Properties for a Sub dialog To view and set properties for a sub dialog 1 Open the sub dialog by double clicking on the button for the sub dialog in the main dialog or single click the sub dialog button and click the ellipsis button for the Sub dialog property 2 In the sub dialog click on the canvas in an area outside of any controls With no controls on the canvas the properties for a sub dialog are always visible Sub dialog Name The unique identifier for the sub dialog The Sub dialog Name property is required Note If you specify the Sub dialog Name as an identifier in the Syntax Template as in My Sub dialog Name it will be replaced at run time with a blank separated list of the syntax generated by each control in the sub dialog in the order in which they appear top to bottom and left to right Title Specifies the text to be displayed in the title bar of the sub dialog box The Title property is optional but recommended Help File Specifies the path to an optional help file
92. or from an external Python process such as a Python IDE or the Python interpreter e Python scripts can be run as autoscripts e Python scripts run on the machine where the IBM SPSS Statistics client is running Complete documentation of the IBM SPSS Statistics classes and methods available for Python scripts can be found in the Scripting Guide for IBM SPSS Statistics available under Integration Plug in for Python in the Help system Python Programs Python programs make use of the interface exposed by the Python spss module They operate on the IBM SPSS Statistics processor and are used to control the flow of a command syntax job read from and write to the active dataset create new datasets and create custom procedures that generate their own pivot table output e Python programs are run from command syntax within BEGIN PROGRAM END PROGRAM blocks or from an external Python process such as a Python IDE or the Python interpreter Chapter 23 Scripting Facility 253 e Python programs cannot be run as autoscripts e In distributed analysis mode available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server Python programs execute on the computer where IBM SPSS Statistics Server is running More information about Python programs including complete documentation of the IBM SPSS Statistics functions and classes available for them can be found in the documentation for the Python Integration Package for IBM SPSS Statistics available under Integration Plu
93. or its associated value e Custom Attribute Populate the list items with the union of the attribute values associated with variables in the target list control that contain the specified custom attribute e Syntax Displays the Syntax property of the associated combo box or list box control allowing you to make changes to the property See the topic Combo Box and List Box Controls on page 219 for more information 220 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Text Control The Text control is a simple text box that can accept arbitrary input and has the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control This is the identifier to use when referencing the control in the syntax template Title An optional title that appears above the control For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control Mnemonic Key An optional character in the title to use as a keyboard shortcut to the control The character appears underlined in the title The shortcut is activated by pressing Alt mnemonic key The Mnemonic Key property is not supported on Mac Text Content Specifies whether the contents are arbitrary or whether the text box must contain a string that adheres to rules for IBM SPSS Statistics variable names Default Value The default contents of the text box Required for execution Specifies whether a value is requi
94. order and is not necessarily the same as the numerical order of the character codes The default locale is the operating system locale You can control the locale with the Language setting on the General tab of the Options dialog box Edit menu To Sort Cases 1 From the menus choose Data gt Sort Cases 2 Select one or more sorting variables Optionally you can do the following Index the saved file Indexing table lookup files can improve performance when merging data files with STAR JOIN Save the sorted file You can save the sorted file with the option of saving it as encrypted Encryption allows you to protect confidential information stored in the file Once encrypted the file can only be opened by providing the password assigned to the file Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 99 To save the sorted file with encryption Select Save file with sorted data and click File Select Encrypt file with password in the Save Sorted Data As dialog box Click Save In the Encrypt File dialog box provide a password and re enter it in the Confirm password text box Passwords are limited to 10 characters and are case sensitive OF OV go Warning Passwords cannot be recovered if they are lost If the password is lost the file cannot be opened Creating strong passwords e Use eight or more characters e Include numbers symbols and even punctuation in your password e Avoid sequences of numbers or characters such as
95. page 193 for more information Tab delimited dat Text files with values separated by tabs Note Tab characters embedded in string values are preserved as tab characters in the tab delimited file No distinction is made between tab characters embedded in values and tab characters that separate values You can save files in Unicode encoding or local code page encoding Chapter 3 Data files 25 Comma delimited csv Text files with values separated by commas or semicolons If the current IBM SPSS Statistics decimal indicator is a period values are separated by commas If the current decimal indicator is a comma values are separated by semicolons You can save files in Unicode encoding or local code page encoding Fixed ASCII dat Text file in fixed format using the default write formats for all variables There are no tabs or spaces between variable fields You can save files in Unicode encoding or local code page encoding Excel 2007 xlsx Microsoft Excel 2007 XLSX format workbook The maximum number of variables is 16 000 any additional variables beyond the first 16 000 are dropped If the dataset contains more than one million cases multiple sheets are created in the workbook Excel 97 through 2003 xls Microsoft Excel 97 workbook The maximum number of variables is 256 any additional variables beyond the first 256 are dropped If the dataset contains more than 65 356 cases multiple sheets are created in the workbook
96. pooling diagnostics will also display However you can suppress any output you do not want to see 204 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide To Set Multiple Imputation Options From the menus choose Edit gt Options Click the Multiple Imputation tab Chapter 18 Options 205 206 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 19 Customizing Menus and Toolbars Customizing Menus and Toolbars Menu Editor You can use the Menu Editor to customize your menus With the Menu Editor you can e Add menu items that run customized scripts e Add menu items that run command syntax files e Add menu items that launch other applications and automatically send data to other applications You can send data to other applications in the following formats IBM SPSS Statistics Excel Lotus 1 2 3 tab delimited and dBASE IV To Add Items to Menus 1 From the menus choose View gt Menu Editor 2 In the Menu Editor dialog box double click the menu or click the plus sign icon to which you want to add a new item 3 Select the menu item above which you want the new item to appear 4 Click Insert Item to insert a new menu item 5 Enter the text for the new item On Windows operating systems an ampersand amp before a letter specifies that letter should be used as the underlined mnemonic key 6 Select the file type for the new item script file command syntax file or external application 7 C
97. receive the same value for a new aggregate variable that represents average age Break Variable s Cases are grouped together based on the values of the break variables Each unique combination of break variable values defines a group When creating a new aggregated data file all break variables are saved in the new file with their existing names and dictionary information The break variable if specified can be either numeric or string Aggregated Variables Source variables are used with aggregate functions to create new aggregate variables The aggregate variable name is followed by an optional variable label the name of the aggregate function and the source variable name in parentheses You can override the default aggregate variable names with new variable names provide descriptive variable labels and change the functions used to compute the aggregated data values You can also create a variable that contains the number of cases in each break group To Aggregate a Data File 1 From the menus choose Data gt Aggregate 2 Optionally select break variables that define how cases are grouped to create aggregated data If no break variables are specified then the entire dataset is a single break group 3 Select one or more aggregate variables 4 Select an aggregate function for each aggregate variable Saving Aggregated Results You can add aggregate variables to the active dataset or create a new aggregated data file e A
98. required in this control in order for execution to proceed If True is specified the OK and Paste buttons will be disabled until a value is specified for this control If False is specified the absence of a value in this control has no effect on the state of the OK and Paste buttons The default is True Variable Filter Allows you to constrain the types of variables that can be transferred to the control You can constrain by variable type and measurement level and you can specify whether multiple response 218 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide sets can be transferred to the control Click the ellipsis button to open the Filter dialog You can also open the Filter dialog by double clicking the Target List control on the canvas See the topic Wariable Lists riable Lists for more information Syntax Specifies command syntax that is generated by this control at run time and can be inserted in the syntax template e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks e The value 2 ThisValue specifies the run time value of the control which is the list of variables transferred to the control This is the default Note The Target List control cannot be added to a sub dialog Filtering Variable Lists The Filter dialog box associated with source and target variable lists allows you to filter the types of variables from the active dataset that can appear in the lists You can also spec
99. same attribute name exists in both data files the named attribute in the active dataset is unchanged Weight Specification Weights cases by the current weight variable in the source data file if there is a matching variable in the active dataset This overrides any weighting currently in effect in the active dataset File Label Descriptive label applied to a data file with the FILE LABEL command Results The last step in the Copy Data Properties Wizard provides information on the number of variables for which variable properties will be copied from the source data file the number of new variables that will be created and the number of dataset file properties that will be copied Chapter 7 Data preparation 73 You can also choose to paste the generated command syntax into a syntax window and save the syntax for later use Identifying Duplicate Cases Duplicate cases may occur in your data for many reasons including e Data entry errors in which the same case is accidentally entered more than once e Multiple cases share a common primary ID value but have different secondary ID values such as family members who all live in the same house e Multiple cases represent the same case but with different values for variables other than those that identify the case such as multiple purchases made by the same person or company for different products or at different times Identify Duplicate Cases allows you to define duplicate alm
100. same column location on the same record line for each case in the data file No delimiter is required between variables In fact in many text data files generated by computer programs data values may appear to run together without even spaces separating them The column location determines which variable is being read Note The Text Wizard cannot read fixed width Unicode text files You can use the DATA LIST command to read fixed width Unicode files Are variable names included at the top of your file If the first row of the data file contains descriptive labels for each variable you can use these labels as variable names Values that don t conform to variable naming rules are converted to valid variable names Text Wizard Step 3 Delimited Files This step provides information about cases A case is similar to a record in a database For example each respondent to a questionnaire is a case The first case of data begins on which line number Indicates the first line of the data file that contains data values If the top line s of the data file contain descriptive labels or other text that does not represent data values this will not be line 1 How are your cases represented Controls how the Text Wizard determines where each case ends and the next one begins e Each line represents a case Each line contains only one case It is fairly common for each case to be contained on a single line row even though this can be a very long li
101. same defined length as the source variable are displayed This option is not available if the active dataset contains no variables Note You cannot create new variables in the active dataset with this option Apply dataset properties only no variable selection Only file properties for example documents file label weight will be applied to the active dataset No variable properties will be applied This option is not available if the active dataset is also the source data file Choosing Variable Properties to Copy You can copy selected variable properties from the source variables to the target variables Undefined empty properties in the source variables do not overwrite defined properties in the target variables Value Labels Value labels are descriptive labels associated with data values Value labels are often used when numeric data values are used to represent non numeric categories for example codes of 1 and 2 for Male and Female You can replace or merge value labels in the target variables e Replace deletes any defined value labels for the target variable and replaces them with the defined value labels from the source variable e Merge merges the defined value labels from the source variable with any existing defined value label for the target variable If the same value has a defined value label in both the source and target variables the value label in the target variable is unchanged Custom Attributes User defined c
102. selected variable to multiple other variables See the topic Categories on page 78 for more information Automatically Generating Binned Categories The Make Cutpoints dialog box allows you to auto generate binned categories based on selected criteria To Use the Make Cutpoints Dialog Box 1 Select click a variable in the Scanned Variable List 2 Click Make Cutpoints 3 Select the criteria for generating cutpoints that will define the binned categories 4 Click Apply Note The Make Cutpoints dialog box is not available if you scanned zero cases Equal Width Intervals Generates binned categories of equal width for example 1 10 11 20 and 21 30 based on any two of the following three criteria e First Cutpoint Location The value that defines the upper end of the lowest binned category for example a value of 10 indicates a range that includes all values up to 10 e Number of Cutpoints The number of binned categories is the number of cutpoints plus one For example 9 cutpoints generate 10 binned categories e Width The width of each interval For example a value of 10 would bin age in years into 10 year intervals Chapter 7 Data preparation 77 Equal Percentiles Based on Scanned Cases Generates binned categories with an equal number of cases in each bin using the aempirical algorithm for percentiles based on either of the following criteria e Number of Cutpoints The number of binned categories is the numb
103. software If you need to change the location of the temporary directory contact your system administrator Recently Used File List This controls the number of recently used files that appear on the File menu Python Location This setting specifies the installation of Python 2 7 that is used by the IBM SPSS Statistics Integration Plug in for Python when you are running Python from SPSS Statistics By default the version of Python 2 7 that is installed with SPSS Statistics as part of IBM SPSS Statistics Essentials for Python is used It is in the Python directory under the directory where SPSS Statistics is installed To use a different installation of Python 2 7 on your computer specify the path to the root directory of that installation of Python The setting takes effect in the current session unless Python was already started by running a Python program a Python script or an extension command that is implemented in Python In that case the setting will be in effect in the next session This setting is only available in local analysis mode In distributed analysis mode requires IBM SPSS Statistics Server the Python location on the remote server is set from the IBM SPSS Statistics Administration Console Contact your system administrator for assistance 202 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Script options Use the Scripts tab to specify the default script language and any autoscripts you want to use You can use scr
104. some cases standard database tables may be classified as system tables and will only be displayed if you select this option Access to real system tables is often restricted to database administrators Note For OLE DB data sources available only on Windows operating systems you can select fields only from a single table Multiple table joins are not supported for OLE DB data sources Creating a Relationship between Tables The Specify Relationships step allows you to define the relationships between the tables for ODBC data sources If fields from more than one table are selected you must define at least one join Establishing relationships To create a relationship drag a field from any table onto the field to which you want to join it The Database Wizard will draw a join line between the two fields indicating their relationship These fields must be of the same data type Auto Join Tables Attempts to automatically join tables based on primary foreign keys or matching field names and data type Join Type If outer joins are supported by your driver you can specify inner joins left outer joins or right outer joins e Inner joins An inner join includes only rows where the related fields are equal In this example all rows with matching ID values in the two tables will be included e Outer joins In addition to one to one matching with inner joins you can also use outer joins to merge tables with a one to many matching scheme For
105. structure You may have information about a variable in more than one column in your data for example a column for each level of a factor or you may have information about a case in more than one row for example a row for each level of a factor The Restructure Data Wizard helps you to restructure files with a complex data structure The structure of the current file and the structure that you want in the new file determine the choices that you make in the wizard How are the data arranged in the current file The current data may be arranged so that factors are recorded in a separate variable in groups of cases or with the variable in groups of variables e Groups of cases Does the current file have variables and conditions recorded in separate columns For example Table 10 Data with variables and conditions in separate columns var factor 8 1 9 1 3 2 1 2 In this example the first two rows are a case group because they are related They contain data for the same factor level In IBM SPSS Statistics data analysis the factor is often referred to as a grouping variable when the data are structured this way e Groups of columns Does the current file have variables and conditions recorded in the same column For example Table 11 Data with variables and conditions in same column var_1 var_2 8 3 9 1 In this example the two columns are a variable group because they are related They contain data for the same variable
106. successive values in the series The order is the number of previous values used to calculate the difference Because one observation is lost for each order of difference system missing values appear at the beginning of the series For example if the difference order is 2 the first two cases will have the system missing value for the new variable Seasonal difference Difference between series values a constant span apart The span is based on the currently defined periodicity To compute seasonal differences you must have defined date variables Data menu Define Dates that include a periodic component such as months of the year The order is the number of seasonal periods used to compute the difference The number of cases with the system missing value at the beginning of the series is equal to the periodicity multiplied by the order For example if the current periodicity is 12 and the order is 2 the first 24 cases will have the system missing value for the new variable Centered moving average Average of a span of series values surrounding and including the current value The span is the number of series values used to compute the average If the span is even the moving average is computed by averaging each pair of uncentered means The number of cases with the system missing value at the beginning and at the end of the series for a span of n is equal to n 2 for even span values and n 1 2 for odd span values For example if the span is
107. system administrator for information about available servers a user ID and password domain names and other connection information If your site is running IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services 3 5 or later you can click Search to view a list of servers that are available on your network If you are not logged on to a IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository you will be prompted to enter connection information before you can view the list of servers Adding and Editing Server Login Settings Use the Server Login Settings dialog box to add or edit connection information for remote servers for use in distributed analysis mode Contact your system administrator for a list of available servers port numbers for the servers and additional connection information Do not use the Secure Socket Layer unless instructed to do so by your administrator Server Name A server name can be an alphanumeric name that is assigned to a computer for example NetworkServer or a unique IP address that is assigned to a computer for example 202 123 456 78 Port Number The port number is the port that the server software uses for communications Description You can enter an optional description to display in the servers list Connect with Secure Socket Layer Secure Socket Layer SSL encrypts requests for distributed analysis when they are sent to the remote server Before you use SSL check with your administrator For this
108. tab oa Ron gt Enter the data in the column for the newly defined variable To use value labels for data entry 1 If value labels aren t currently displayed in Data View from the menus choose View gt Value Labels 2 Click the cell in which you want to enter the value 3 Choose a value label from the drop down list The value is entered and the value label is displayed in the cell Note This process works only if you have defined value labels for the variable Data value restrictions in the data editor The defined variable type and width determine the type of value that can be entered in the cell in Data View e If you type a character that is not allowed by the defined variable type the character is not entered e For string variables characters beyond the defined width are not allowed e For numeric variables integer values that exceed the defined width can be entered but the Data Editor displays either scientific notation or a portion of the value followed by an ellipsis to indicate that the value is wider than the defined width To display the value in the cell change the defined width of the variable Note Changing the column width does not affect the variable width Editing data With the Data Editor you can modify data values in Data View in many ways You can e Change data values e Cut copy and paste data values e Add and delete cases e Add and delete variables e Change the order of va
109. the specified number Custom Variable Attributes In addition to the standard variable attributes for example value labels missing values measurement level you can create your own custom variable attributes Like standard variable attributes these custom attributes are saved with IBM SPSS Statistics data files Therefore you could create a variable attribute that identifies the type of response for survey questions for example single selection multiple selection fill in the blank or the formulas used for computed variables Creating Custom Variable Attributes To create new custom attributes 1 In Variable View from the menus choose Data gt New Custom Attribute Chapter 5 Data Editor 53 2 Drag and drop the variables to which you want to assign the new attribute to the Selected Variables list 3 Enter a name for the attribute Attribute names must follow the same rules as variable names See the topic Variable names on page 48 for more information 4 Enter an optional value for the attribute If you select multiple variables the value is assigned to all selected variables You can leave this blank and then enter values for each variable in Variable View Display attribute in the Data Editor Displays the attribute in Variable View of the Data Editor For information on controlling the display of custom attributes see Displaying and Editing Custom Variable Attributes below Display Defined
110. the default location Custom dialogs will be installed to the first writable location Note that Mac users may also utilize the SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH environment variable For multiple locations separate each with a semicolon on Windows and a colon on Linux and Mac The specified locations must exist on the target machine After setting SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH you will need to restart IBM SPSS Statistics for the changes to take effect To create the SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH environment variable on Windows from the Control Panel Windows XP and Windows 8 1 Select System 2 Select the Advanced tab and click Environment Variables For Windows 8 the Advanced tab is accessed from Advanced system settings 3 In the User variables section click New enter SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH in the Variable name field and the path s in the Variable value field Windows Vista or Windows 7 1 Select User Accounts 2 Select Change my environment variables 3 Click New enter SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH in the Variable name field and the path s in the Variable value field To view the current locations for custom dialogs run the following command syntax SHOW EXTPATHS Opening an Installed Custom Dialog You can open a custom dialog that you have already installed allowing you to modify it and or save it externally so that it can be distributed to other users 1 From the menus in the Custom Dialog Builder choose File gt Open Installed Note If you are opening an ins
111. the dialog box To create a custom tool to open a file to run a command syntax file or to run a script 7 Click New Tool in the Edit Toolbar dialog box 8 Enter a descriptive label for the tool 9 Select the action you want for the tool open a file run a command syntax file or run a script 10 Click Browse to select a file or application to associate with the tool New tools are displayed in the User Defined category which also contains user defined menu items Toolbar Properties Use Toolbar Properties to select the window types in which you want the selected toolbar to appear This dialog box is also used for creating names for new toolbars To Set Toolbar Properties 1 From the menus choose View gt Toolbars gt Customize 2 For existing toolbars click Edit and then click Properties in the Edit Toolbar dialog box w For new toolbars click New Tool 4 Select the window types in which you want the toolbar to appear For new toolbars also enter a toolbar name Edit Toolbar Use the Edit Toolbar dialog box to customize existing toolbars and create new toolbars Toolbars can contain any of the available tools including tools for all menu actions They can also contain custom tools that launch other applications run command syntax files or run script files To Change Toolbar Images 1 Select the tool for which you want to change the image on the toolbar display 2 Click Change Image 3 Select the image fil
112. the extension bundle If the extension bundle provides a wrapper for a function from an R package then that should be mentioned here Author The author of the extension bundle You may want to include an email address Version A version identifier of the form x x x where each component of the identifier must be an integer as in 1 0 0 Zeros are implied if not provided For example a version identifier of 3 1 implies 3 1 0 The version identifier is independent of the IBM SPSS Statistics version Minimum IBM SPSS Statistics Version The minimum version of IBM SPSS Statistics required to run the extension bundle Note You can include localized versions of the Summary and Description fields with the extension bundle For more information see the topic Optional fields for extension bundles Optional fields for extension bundles Release Date An optional release date No formatting is provided Links An optional set of URL s to associate with the extension bundle for example the author s home page The format of this field is arbitrary so be sure to delimit multiple URL s with spaces commas or some other reasonable delimiter Categories An optional set of keywords with which to_associate the extension bundle when authoring an extension bundle for posting to the SPSS community http www ibm com developerworks spssdevcentral Enter one or more values For example you might enter extension_command spss and python Look a
113. the previous session is used as the default at the start of the next session This applies to both data and other non data files These settings apply only to dialog boxes for opening and saving files and the last folder used is determined by the last dialog box used to open or save a file Files opened or saved via command syntax have no effect on and are not affected by these settings These settings are only available in local analysis mode In distributed analysis mode connected to a remote server requires IBM SPSS Statistics Server you cannot control the startup folder locations Session Journal You can use the session journal to automatically record commands run in a session This includes commands entered and run in syntax windows and commands generated by dialog box choices You can edit the journal file and use the commands again in other sessions You can turn journaling off and on append or overwrite the journal file and select the journal filename and location You can copy command syntax from the journal file and save it in a syntax file Temporary Folder This specifies the location of temporary files created during a session In distributed mode available with the server version this does not affect the location of temporary data files In distributed mode the location of temporary data files is controlled by the environment variable SPSSTMPDIR which can be set only on the computer running the server version of the
114. the variable from the drop down list Imputations 1 From the menus choose Edit gt Go to Imputation 2 Select the imputation or Original data from the drop down list Alternatively you can select the imputation from the drop down list in the edit bar in Data View of the Data Editor Relative case position is preserved when selecting imputations For example if there are 1000 cases in the original dataset case 1034 the 34th case in the first imputation displays at the top of the grid If you select imputation 2 in the dropdown case 2034 the 34th case in imputation 2 would display at the top of the grid If you select Original data in the dropdown case 34 would display at the top of the grid Column position is also preserved when navigating between imputations so that it is easy to compare values between imputations Chapter 5 Data Editor 59 Finding and replacing data and attribute values To find and or replace data values in Data View or attribute values in Variable View 1 Click a cell in the column you want to search Finding and replacing values is restricted to a single column 2 From the menus choose Edit gt Find or Edit gt Replace Data View e You cannot search up in Data View The search direction is always down e For dates and times the formatted values as displayed in Data View are searched For example a date displayed as 10 28 2007 will not be found by a search for a date of 10 28 2007
115. there are in the data file the closer the percentage of cases selected is to the specified percentage e Exactly Selects a random sample of the specified number of cases from the specified total number of cases If the total number of cases specified exceeds the total number of cases in the data file the sample will contain proportionally fewer cases than the requested number Chapter 3 Data files 15 Note If you use random sampling aggregation available in distributed mode with IBM SPSS Statistics Server is not available Prompt For Value You can embed a prompt in your query to create a parameter query When users run the query they will be asked to enter information based on what is specified here You might want to do this if you need to see different views of the same data For example you may want to run the same query to see sales figures for different fiscal quarters 3 Place your cursor in any Expression cell and click Prompt For Value to create a prompt Creating a Parameter Query Use the Prompt for Value step to create a dialog box that solicits information from users each time someone runs your query This feature is useful if you want to query the same data source by using different criteria To build a prompt enter a prompt string and a default value The prompt string is displayed each time a user runs your query The string should specify the kind of information to enter If the user is not selecting from a list
116. this when the data aren t sorted by the identification variables or when you aren t sure This choice requires a separate pass of the data but it guarantees that the rows are correctly ordered for restructuring e No The wizard will not sort the current data Choose this when you are sure that the current data are sorted by the variables that identify case groups Restructure Data Wizard Cases to Variables Options Note The wizard presents this step if you choose to restructure case groups into columns In this step specify options for the new restructured file Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations 115 How should the new variable groups be ordered in the new file e By variable The wizard groups the new variables created from an original variable together e By index The wizard groups the variables according to the values of the index variables Example The variables to be restructured are w and h and the index is month w h month Grouping by variable results in wan w feb hjan Grouping by index results in wjan hjan w feb Create a count variable The wizard can create a count variable in the new file It contains the number of rows in the current data that were used to create a row in the new data file Create indicator variables The wizard can use the index variables to create indicator variables in the new data file It creates one new variable for each unique value of the index variable The indicato
117. to remain on and does not have to remain connected to the remote server You can disconnect and retrieve the results later Note Running a production job on a remote server requires access to a server running IBM SPSS Statistics Server Creating and running production jobs To create and run a production job 1 From the menus in any window choose Utilities gt Production Job 2 Click New to create a new production job or 3 Select a production job to run or modify from the list Click Browse to change the directory location for the files that will appear in the list Note Production Facility job files spp created in releases prior to 16 0 will not run in release 16 0 or later A conversion utility is available to convert Windows and Macintosh Production Facility job files to production jobs spj See the topic Converting Production Facility files on page 237 for more information 4 Specify one or more command syntax files to include in the job Click the button with the plus sign icon to select command syntax files 5 Select the output file name location and format 6 Click Run to run the production job interactively or in the background on a server Default encoding By default IBM SPSS Statistics runs in Unicode mode You can run production jobs in Unicode mode or the current local encoding The encoding affects how data and syntax files are read See the topic General options on page 193 for more
118. to set the options and make other changes to a chart The tabs that you see in the Properties dialog box are based on your current selection Some tabs include a preview to give you an idea of how the changes will affect the selection when you apply them However the chart itself does not reflect your changes until you click Apply You can make changes on more than one tab before you click Apply If you have to change the selection to modify a different element on the chart click Apply before changing the selection If you do not click Apply before changing the selection clicking Apply at a later point will apply changes only to the element or elements currently selected Depending on your selection only certain settings will be available The help for the individual tabs specifies what you need to select to view the tabs If multiple elements are selected you can change only those settings that are common to all the elements Toolbars The toolbars provide a shortcut for some of the functionality in the Properties dialog box For example instead of using the Text tab in the Properties dialog box you can use the Edit toolbar to change the font and style of the text Saving the Changes Chart modifications are saved when you close the Chart Editor The modified chart is subsequently displayed in the Viewer Chart definition options When you are defining a chart in the Chart Builder you can add titles and change options for the chart c
119. to three words and is not case sensitive Characters are restricted to seven bit ASCII To minimize the possibility of name conflicts you may want to use a multi word name where the first word is an identifier for your organization such as a URL Files Click Add to add the files associated with the extension bundle An extension bundle must at least include a custom dialog specification spd file or an XML specification file for an extension command If an XML specification file is included then the bundle must include at least one Python R or Java code file specifically a file of type py pyc pyo R class or jar e Translation files for extension commands implemented in Python or R included in the extension bundle are added from the Translation Catalogues Folder field on the Optional tab See the topic for more information e You can add a readme file to the extension bundle Specify the filename as ReadMe txt Userss will be able to access the readme file from the dialog that displays the details for the extension bundle You can include localized versions of the readme file specified as ReadMe_ lt language identifier gt txt as in ReadMe_fr txt for a French version Summary A short description of the extension bundle intended to be displayed as a single line Description A more detailed description of the extension bundle than that provided for the Summary field For example you might list the major features available with
120. truncated Converting string into numeric or date String values that contain acceptable characters for the numeric or date format of the target cell are converted to the equivalent numeric or date value For example a string value of 25 12 91 is converted to a valid date if the format type of the target cell is one of the day month year formats but the value is converted to system missing if the format type of the target cell is one of the month day year formats Converting date into numeric Date and time values are converted to a number of seconds if the target cell is one of the numeric formats for example numeric dollar dot or comma Because dates are stored internally as the number of seconds since October 14 1582 converting dates to numeric values can yield some extremely large numbers For example the date 10 29 91 is converted to a numeric value of 12 908 073 600 Converting numeric into date or time Numeric values are converted to dates or times if the value represents a number of seconds that can produce a valid date or time For dates numeric values that are less than 86 400 are converted to the system missing value Inserting new cases Entering data in a cell in a blank row automatically creates a new case The Data Editor inserts the system missing value for all other variables for that case If there are any blank rows between the new case and the existing cases the blank rows become new cases with the system missing va
121. valid Certain commands contain blocks of text that are not command syntax such as BEGIN DATA END DATA BEGIN GPL END GPL and BEGIN PROGRAM END PROGRAM Unmatched values are not detected within such blocks e Long lines Long lines are lines containing more than 251 characters e End statements Several commands require either an END statement prior to the command terminator for example BEGIN DATA END DATA or require a matching END command at some point later in the command stream for example LOOP END LOOP In both cases the command will be colored red by default until the required END statement is added Note You can navigate to the next or previous syntactical error by choosing Next Error or Previous error from the Validation Errors submenu of the Tools menu From the Syntax Editor tab in the Options dialog box you can change default colors and text styles and you can turn color coding off or on You can also turn color coding of commands subcommands keywords and keyword values off or on by choosing Tools gt Color Coding from the menus You can turn color coding of syntactical errors off or on by choosing Tools gt Validation Choices made on the Tools menu override settings in the Options dialog box but do not persist across sessions Note Color coding of command syntax within macros is not supported Breakpoints Breakpoints allow you to stop execution of command syntax at specified points within the syntax window and
122. var_1 for factor level 1 and var_2 for factor level 2 In IBM SPSS Statistics data analysis the factor is often referred to as a repeated measure when the data are structured this way How should the data be arranged in the new file This is usually determined by the procedure that you want to use to analyze your data Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations 109 e Procedures that require groups of cases Your data must be structured in case groups to do analyses that require a grouping variable Examples are univariate multivariate and variance components with General Linear Model Mixed Models and OLAP Cubes and independent samples with T Test or Nonparametric Tests If your current data structure is variable groups and you want to do these analyses select Restructure selected variables into cases e Procedures that require groups of variables Your data must be structured in variable groups to analyze repeated measures Examples are repeated measures with General Linear Model time dependent covariate analysis with Cox Regression Analysis paired samples with T Test or related samples with Nonparametric Tests If your current data structure is case groups and you want to do these analyses select Restructure selected cases into variables Example of Variables to Cases In this example test scores are recorded in separate columns for each factor A and B Table 12 Test scores recorded in separate columns for each factor
123. variables and reselect them in the new order you can move variables up and down on the target list using the Ctrl key Macintosh Command key with the up and down arrow keys You can move multiple variables simultaneously if they are contiguous grouped together You cannot move noncontiguous groups of variables Extension bundles Extension bundles package custom components such as custom dialogs and extension commands so that they can be easily installed For example IBM SPSS Statistics Essentials for Python which is installed by default with IBM SPSS Statistics includes a set of Python extension commands that are packaged in extension bundles and installed with SPSS Statistics And IBM SPSS Statistics Essentials for R available from the SPSS Community website includes a set of R extension commands that are packaged in extension bundles Many more extension bundles hosted on the SPSS Community website are available from the Download Extension Bundles dialog which is accessed from Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt Download and Install Extension Bundles The components for an extension bundle might require the Integration Plug in for Python or the Integration Plug in for R or both For more information see the topic How to Get Integration Plug Ins under Core System gt Frequently Asked Questions in the Help system You can also create your own extension bundles For example if you have created a custom dialog for an exte
124. variables in the dataset or the none of the selected variables is a string variable the Spelling option on the Utilities menu is disabled Entering data In Data View you can enter data directly in the Data Editor You can enter data in any order You can enter data by case or by variable for selected areas or for individual cells e The active cell is highlighted e The variable name and row number of the active cell are displayed in the top left corner of the Data Editor e When you select a cell and enter a data value the value is displayed in the cell editor at the top of the Data Editor e Data values are not recorded until you press Enter or select another cell e To enter anything other than simple numeric data you must define the variable type first If you enter a value in an empty column the Data Editor automatically creates a new variable and assigns a variable name To enter numeric data 1 Select a cell in Data View 2 Enter the data value The value is displayed in the cell editor at the top of the Data Editor 3 To record the value press Enter or select another cell 56 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide To enter non numeric data Double click a variable name at the top of the column in Data View or click the Variable View tab Click the button in the Type cell for the variable Select the data type in the Variable Type dialog box Click OK Double click the row number or click the Data View
125. version 16 0 and above the scripting facility will continue to support running and editing scripts with a file type of sbs By default new Basic scripts created with the IBM SPSS Statistics Basic Script Editor have a file type of wwd Using External COM Clients For version 16 0 and above the program identifier for instantiating IBM SPSS Statistics from an external COM client is SPSS Application16 Application objects should be declared as spsswinLib Application16 For example Dim objSpssApp As spsswinLib Application16 Set objSpssApp CreateObject SPSS Application16 To connect to a running instance of the IBM SPSS Statistics client from an external COM client use Dim objSpssApp As spsswinLib Application1l6 Set objSpssApp GetObject SPSS Application16 If more than one client is running GetObject will connect to the most recently launched one Note For post 16 0 versions the identifier is still Application16 The scriptContext Object Detecting When a Script is Run as an Autoscript Chapter 23 Scripting Facility 257 Using the scriptContext object you can detect when a script is being run as an autoscript This allows you to code a script so that it functions in either context autoscript or not This trivial script illustrates the approach Sub Main If scriptContext Is Nothing Then MsgBox I m not an autoscript Else MsgBox I m an autoscript End If End Sub e When a script is not run as an autoscript the
126. want to use See the topic Selecting scoring functions on page 179 for more information Select a Scoring Model The model file can be an XML file or a compressed file archive zip file that contains model PMML The list only displays files with a zip or xml extension the file extensions are not displayed in the list You can use any model file created by IBM SPSS Statistics You can also use Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 177 some model files created by other applications such as IBM SPSS Modeler but some model files created by other applications cannot be read by IBM SPSS Statistics including any models that have multiple target fields variables Model Details This area displays basic information about the selected model such as model type target if any and predictors used to build the model Since the model file has to be read to obtain this information there may be a delay before this information is displayed for the selected model If the XML file or zip file is not recognized as a model that IBM SPSS Statistics can read a message indicating that the file cannot be read is displayed Matching model fields to dataset fields In order to score the active dataset the dataset must contain fields variables that correspond to all the predictors in the model If the model also contains split fields then the dataset must also contain fields that correspond to all the split fields in the model e By default
127. where each autoscript was specific to a particular output item Some of the autoscripts installed with pre 16 0 versions are available as a set of separate script files located in the Samples subdirectory of the directory where IBM SPSS Statistics is installed They are identified by a filename ending in Autoscript with a file type of wwd By default they are not associated with any output items The association is done from the Scripts tab of the Options dialog See the topic Script options on page 203 for more information Any custom autoscripts used in pre 16 0 versions must be manually converted and associated with one or more output items from the Scripts tab of the Options dialog The conversion process involves the following steps 1 Extract the subroutine specifying the autoscript from the legacy Autoscript sbs file and save it as a new file with an extension of wwd or sbs The name of the file is arbitrary 2 Change the name of the subroutine to Main and remove the parameter specification keeping track of which parameters are required by the script such as a pivot table that triggers the autoscript 3 Use the scriptContext object always available to get the values required by the autoscript such as the output item that triggered the autoscript 4 From the Scripts tab of the Options dialog associate the script file with the output object To illustrate the converted code consider the autoscript Descriptives_Table_
128. whether to use the ensemble or a reference model for scoring If the ensemble is used for scoring you can also select the combining rule These changes do not require model re execution however these choices are saved to the model for scoring and or downstream model evaluation They also affect PMML exported from the ensemble viewer Chapter 12 Models 149 Combining Rule When scoring an ensemble this is the rule used to combine the predicted values from the base models to compute the ensemble score value e Ensemble predicted values for categorical targets can be combined using voting highest probability or highest mean probability Voting selects the category that has the highest probability most often across the base models Highest probability selects the category that achieves the single highest probability across all base models Highest mean probability selects the category with the highest value when the category probabilities are averaged across base models e Ensemble predicted values for continuous targets can be combined using the mean or median of the predicted values from the base models The default is taken from the specifications made during model building Changing the combining rule recomputes the model accuracy and updates all views of model accuracy The Predictor Importance chart also updates This control is disabled if the reference model is selected for scoring Show All Combining rules When selected results for a
129. widths can also be changed in Data View by clicking and dragging the column borders e Column width for proportional fonts is based on average character width Depending on the characters used in the value more or fewer characters may be displayed in the specified width e Column width affect only the display of values in the Data Editor Changing the column width does not change the defined width of a variable Variable alignment Alignment controls the display of data values and or value labels in Data View The default alignment is right for numeric variables and left for string variables This setting affects only the display in Data View Applying variable definition attributes to multiple variables After you have defined variable definition attributes for a variable you can copy one or more attributes and apply them to one or more variables Basic copy and paste operations are used to apply variable definition attributes You can e Copy a single attribute for example value labels and paste it to the same attribute cell s for one or more variables e Copy all attributes from one variable and paste them to one or more other variables e Create multiple new variables with all the attributes of a copied variable 52 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Applying variable definition attributes to other variables To Apply Individual Attributes from a Defined Variable 1 In Variable View select the attribute cell th
130. will turn off filtering applied by this dialog Weight cases Weight Cases gives cases different weights by simulated replication for statistical analysis e The values of the weighting variable should indicate the number of observations represented by single cases in your data file e Cases with zero negative or missing values for the weighting variable are excluded from analysis e Fractional values are valid and some procedures such as Frequencies Crosstabs and Custom Tables will use fractional weight values However most procedures treat the weighting variable as a replication weight and will simply round fractional weights to the nearest integer Some procedures ignore the weighting variable completely and this limitation is noted in the procedure specific documentation Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations 107 Once you apply a weight variable it remains in effect until you select another weight variable or turn off weighting If you save a weighted data file weighting information is saved with the data file You can turn off weighting at any time even after the file has been saved in weighted form Weights in Crosstabs The Crosstabs procedure has several options for handling case weights Weights in scatterplots and histograms Scatterplots and histograms have an option for turning case weights on and off but this does not affect cases with a zero negative or missing value for the weight variable These
131. you are not logged on to a IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository you will be prompted to enter connection information before you can view the list of servers Adding and Editing Server Login Settings Use the Server Login Settings dialog box to add or edit connection information for remote servers for use in distributed analysis mode Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 41 Contact your system administrator for a list of available servers port numbers for the servers and additional connection information Do not use the Secure Socket Layer unless instructed to do so by your administrator Server Name A server name can be an alphanumeric name that is assigned to a computer for example NetworkServer or a unique IP address that is assigned to a computer for example 202 123 456 78 Port Number The port number is the port that the server software uses for communications Description You can enter an optional description to display in the servers list Connect with Secure Socket Layer Secure Socket Layer SSL encrypts requests for distributed analysis when they are sent to the remote server Before you use SSL check with your administrator For this option to be enabled SSL must be configured on your desktop computer and the server To Select Switch or Add Servers 1 From the menus choose File gt Switch Server To select a default server 2 In the server list select the box next to the server t
132. 0 0 number 100 decimals 1 gt lt category gt lt dimension gt lt category gt lt group gt lt category text Total gt lt dimension axis column text Statistics gt lt category text Frequency gt lt cell text 474 number 474 gt lt category gt lt category text Percent gt lt cell text 100 0 number 100 decimals 1 gt lt category gt lt category text Valid Percent gt lt cell text 100 0 number 100 decimals 1 gt lt category gt lt dimension gt lt category gt lt group gt lt dimension gt lt pivotTable gt lt command gt lt outputTree gt Figure 3 Output XML for the simple frequency table As you may notice a simple small table produces a substantial amount of XML That s partly because the XML contains some information that is not readily apparent in the original table some information that might not even be available in the original table and a certain amount of redundancy e The table contents as they are or would be displayed in a pivot table in the Viewer are contained in text attributes An example is as follows lt command text Frequencies command Frequencies gt 248 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e Text attributes can be affected by both output language and settings that affect the display of variable names labels and values value labels In this example the text attribute value will differ depending on th
133. 03 e Use MATCH FILES to merge multiple files that don t contain key variables or multiple files already sorted on key variable values e Use STAR JOIN to merge multiple files where there is one case data file and multiple table lookup files Files do not need to be sorted in order of key variable values and each table lookup file can use a different key variable Aggregate Data Aggregate Data aggregates groups of cases in the active dataset into single cases and creates a new aggregated file or creates new variables in the active dataset that contain aggregated data Cases are aggregated based on the value of zero or more break grouping variables If no break variables are specified then the entire dataset is a single break group e If you create a new aggregated data file the new data file contains one case for each group defined by the break variables For example if there is one break variable with two values the new data file will contain only two cases If no break variable is specified the new data file will contain one case If you add aggregate variables to the active dataset the data file itself is not aggregated Each case with the same value s of the break variable s receives the same values for the new aggregate variables For example if gender is the only break variable all males would receive the same value for a new aggregate variable that represents average age If no break variable is specified all cases would
134. 123 and abc and avoid repetition such as lilaaa e Do not create passwords that use personal information such as birthdays or nicknames e Periodically change the password Note Storing encrypted files to an IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository is not supported Note Encrypted data files and output documents cannot be opened in versions of IBM SPSS Statistics prior to version 21 Encrypted syntax files cannot be opened in versions prior to version 22 Sort variables You can sort the variables in the active dataset based on the values of any of the variable attributes e g variable name data type measurement level including custom variable attributes e Values can be sorted in ascending or descending order e You can save the original pre sorted variable order in a custom variable attribute e Sorting by values of custom variable attributes is limited to custom variable attributes that are currently visible in Variable View For more information on custom variable attributes see Custom Variable Attributes on page 53 To Sort Variables In Variable View of the Data Editor 1 Right click the attribute column heading and from the pop up menu choose Sort Ascending or Sort Descending or 2 From the menus in Variable View or Data View choose Data gt Sort Variables 3 Select the attribute you want to use to sort variables 4 Select the sort order ascending or descending e
135. 2 Modify the general options Details about these follow 3 Click Apply User Missing Values Break Variables If there are missing values for the variables used to define categories or subgroups select Include so that the category or categories of user missing values values identified as missing by the user are included in the chart These missing categories also act as break variables in calculating the statistic The missing category or categories are displayed on the category axis or in the legend adding for example an extra bar or a slice to a pie chart If there are no missing values the missing categories are not displayed If you select this option and want to suppress display after the chart is drawn open the chart in the Chart Editor and choose Properties from the Edit menu Use the Categories tab to move the categories that you want to suppress to the Excluded list Note however that the statistics are not recalculated if you hide the missing categories Therefore something like a percent statistic will still take the missing categories into account Note This control does not affect system missing values These are always excluded from the chart Summary Statistics and Case Values You can choose one of the following alternatives for exclusion of cases having missing values e Exclude listwise to obtain a consistent base for the chart If any of the variables in the chart has a missing value for a given case t
136. 208 customizing 207 208 displaying in different windows 208 showing and hiding 207 transposing rows and columns 134 transposing variables and cases 101 trigger events 252 autoscripts 252 Tukey estimates 89 U Unicode 9 24 196 Unicode command syntax files 170 unknown measurement level 68 user missing values 51 V value labels 51 57 61 65 135 198 applying to multiple variables 68 copying 68 in Data Editor 61 in merged data files 102 in outline pane 198 in pivot tables 198 inserting line breaks 51 saving in Excel files 24 using for data entry 57 Van der Waerden estimates 89 variable attributes 52 53 copying and pasting 52 53 custom 53 variable information 183 variable labels 51 135 193 198 variable labels continued in dialog boxes 4 193 in merged data files 102 in outline pane 198 in pivot tables 198 inserting line breaks 51 variable lists 185 reordering target lists 185 variable names 48 193 generated by OMS 246 in dialog boxes 4 193 mixed case variable names 48 portable files 25 rules 48 truncating long variable names in earlier releases 25 wrapping long variable names in output 48 variable pairs 108 creating 108 variable sets 184 defining 184 using 184 Variable View 47 customizing 54 55 196 variables 5 48 58 59 108 183 184 193 defining 48 defining variable sets 184 definition information 183 display order in dialog boxes 193 finding in Data Editor 59 in dialog boxes 4 insert
137. 3 Web reports A web report is an interactive document that is compatible with most browsers Many of the interactive features of pivot tables available in the Viewer are also available in web reports You can distribute results in a single HTML file that can be viewed and explored on most mobile devices For more information see the topic Web report options on page 125 Simulation enhancements e You can now simulate data without a predictive model e Associations between categorical fields can now be captured from historical data and used when simulating data for those fields e There is now full support for simulating categorical string fields Nonparametric tests NPTESTS enhancements e As an alternative to model viewer output you can create pivot table and chart output for nonparametric tests e Ordinal fields can now be used in nonparametric tests Essentials for Python IBM SPSS Statistics Essentials for Python is now installed by default with IBM SPSS Statistics and it also now includes Python 2 7 for all supported operating systems By default the IBM SPSS Statistics Integration Plug in for Python uses the version of Python 2 7 that is installed by IBM SPSS Statistics but Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 1 you can configure the plug in to use a different version of Python 2 7 on your computer Downloading extension bundles You can now search for and download extension bundles hosted on the SPSS Co
138. 3 format for release 3 0 2 0 or 1A of Lotus SYLK Opens data files saved in SYLK symbolic link format a format used by some spreadsheet applications dBASE Opens dBASE format files for either dBASE IV dBASE III or III PLUS or dBASE II Each case is a record Variable and value labels and missing value specifications are lost when you save a file in this format SAS SAS versions 6 9 and SAS transport files Stata Stata versions 4 8 Opening file options Read variable names For spreadsheets you can read variable names from the first row of the file or the first row of the defined range The values are converted as necessary to create valid variable names including converting spaces to underscores Worksheet Excel 95 or later files can contain multiple worksheets By default the Data Editor reads the first worksheet To read a different worksheet select the worksheet from the drop down list Range For spreadsheet data files you can also read a range of cells Use the same method for specifying cell ranges as you would with the spreadsheet application Reading Excel Files Reading Excel 95 or Later Files The following rules apply to reading Excel 95 or later files Data type and width Each column is a variable The data type and width for each variable are determined by the data type and width in the Excel file If the column contains more than one data type for example date and numeric the data type is set to stri
139. 5 the number of cases with the system missing value at the beginning and at the end of the series is 2 Prior moving average Average of the span of series values preceding the current value The span is the number of preceding series values used to compute the average The number of cases with the system missing value at the beginning of the series is equal to the span value Running medians Median of a span of series values surrounding and including the current value The span is the number of series values used to compute the median If the span is even the median is computed by averaging each pair of uncentered medians The number of cases with the system missing value at the beginning and at the end of the series for a span of n is equal to n 2 for even span values and n 1 2 for odd span values For example if the span is 5 the number of cases with the system missing value at the beginning and at the end of the series is 2 Cumulative sum Cumulative sum of series values up to and including the current value Lag Value of a previous case based on the specified lag order The order is the number of cases prior to the current case from which the value is obtained The number of cases with the system missing value at the beginning of the series is equal to the order value Lead Value of a subsequent case based on the specified lead order The order is the number of cases after the current case from which the value is obtained The number
140. 7 breakpoints 163 166 169 color coding 165 command spans 163 commenting or uncommenting text 168 formatting syntax 168 indenting syntax 168 line numbers 163 multiple views panes 163 options 203 command syntax files 170 comparing datasets 36 computing variables 81 computing new string variables 82 conditional transformations 81 continuation text 140 for pivot tables 140 controlling number of rows to display 138 copy special 123 copying and pasting output into other applications 123 counting occurrences 83 Crosstabs fractional weights 107 CSV format reading data 17 saving data 25 CTABLES converting TABLES command syntax to CTABLES 261 cumulative sum function 96 currency formats 197 custom attributes 53 custom currency formats 49 197 Custom Dialog Builder 209 check box 219 check box group 224 combo box 219 combo box list items 220 custom dialog package spd files 215 custom dialogs for extension commands 226 dialog properties 210 file browser 224 file type filter 225 filtering variable lists 219 help file 210 installing dialogs 215 269 Custom Dialog Builder continued item group control 222 layout rules 212 list box 219 list box list items 220 localizing dialogs and help files 227 menu location 211 modifying installed dialogs 215 number control 221 opening dialog specification files 215 preview 215 radio group 223 radio group buttons 223 saving dialog specifications 215 source list 217 static text contro
141. 9 you cannot add or delete missing values categories for that variable with Define Variable Properties You can use Variable View in the Data Editor to modify the missing values categories for variables with missing values ranges See the topic Missing values on page 51 for more information e Changed Indicates that you have added or changed a value label 66 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Note If you specified 0 for the number of cases to scan in the initial dialog box the Value Label grid will initially be blank except for any preexisting value labels and or defined missing values categories for the selected variable In addition the Suggest button for the measurement level will be disabled Measurement Level Value labels are primarily useful for categorical nominal and ordinal variables and some procedures treat categorical and scale variables differently so it is sometimes important to assign the correct measurement level However by default all new numeric variables are assigned the scale measurement level Thus many variables that are in fact categorical may initially be displayed as scale If you are unsure of what measurement level to assign to a variable click Suggest Role Some dialogs support the ability to pre select variables for analysis based on defined roles See the topic Roles on page 52 for more information Copy Properties You can copy value labels and other variable properties fro
142. 989 2013 65 To Define Variable Properties 1 From the menus choose Data gt Define Variable Properties 2 Select the numeric or string variables for which you want to create value labels or define or change other variable properties such as missing values or descriptive variable labels 3 Specify the number of cases to scan to generate the list of unique values This is particularly useful for data files with a large number of cases for which a scan of the complete data file might take a significant amount of time 4 Specify an upper limit for the number of unique values to display This is primarily useful to prevent listing hundreds thousands or even millions of values for scale continuous interval ratio variables 5 Click Continue to open the main Define Variable Properties dialog box 6 Select a variable for which you want to create value labels or define or change other variable properties 7 Enter the label text for any unlabeled values that are displayed in the Value Label grid 8 If there are values for which you want to create value labels but those values are not displayed you can enter values in the Value column below the last scanned value 9 Repeat this process for each listed variable for which you want to create value labels 10 Click OK to apply the value labels and other variable properties Defining Value Labels and Other Variable Properties The Define Variable Properties main dialog box provide
143. Attributes 3 Click the Header Footer tab 4 Enter the header and or footer that you want to appear on each page Page Attributes Options This dialog box controls the printed chart size the space between printed output items and page numbering e Printed Chart Size Controls the size of the printed chart relative to the defined page size The chart s aspect ratio width to height ratio is not affected by the printed chart size The overall printed size of a chart is limited by both its height and width When the outer borders of a chart reach the left and right borders of the page the chart size cannot increase further to fill additional page height e Space between items Controls the space between printed items Each pivot table chart and text object is a separate item This setting does not affect the display of items in the Viewer e Number pages starting with Numbers pages sequentially starting with the specified number e Make Default This option uses the settings specified here as the default settings for new Viewer documents Note this makes the current settings on both the Header Footer tab and the Options tab the default settings To change printed chart size page numbering and space between printed Items 1 Make the Viewer the active window click anywhere in the window 2 From the menus choose File gt Page Attributes 3 Click the Options tab 4 Change the settings and click OK Saving output T
144. Bundle Results of the request to install or only download each selected extension bundle are displayed in the Extension Bundles Download Log in the Viewer Important e Extension bundles are always installed or downloaded to your local computer If you work in distributed analysis mode then see the topic Installing local extension bundles on page 188 for further details e For users of Windows Vista and later versions of Windows installing an updated version of an existing extension bundle might require running IBM SPSS Statistics with administrator privileges You can start IBM SPSS Statistics with administrator privileges by right clicking the icon for IBM SPSS Statistics and choosing Run as administrator In particular if you receive an error message that states that one or more extension bundles could not be installed then try running with administrator privileges Filter by search terms Enter one or more terms to filter the list of displayed extension bundles For example to restrict the list to extension bundles associated with regression analysis enter regression as the search term and click Filter e Searches are not case sensitive e Matching of an exact phrase is not supported Each specified search term is treated separately For example specifying boosted regression returns all extension bundles that match boosted or regression e The asterisk is treated as any other character and does not indicate a
145. Category allows you to change layers in a pivot table This dialog box is particularly useful when there are many layers or the selected layer has many categories Showing and hiding items Many types of cells can be hidden including e Dimension labels e Categories including the label cell and data cells in a row or column e Category labels without hiding the data cells e Footnotes titles and captions Hiding rows and columns in a table Showing hidden rows and columns in a table 1 From the menus choose View gt Show All Categories This displays all hidden rows and columns in the table If Hide empty rows and columns is selected in Table Properties for this table a completely empty row or column remains hidden Hiding and showing dimension labels 1 Select the dimension label or any category label within the dimension 2 From the View menu or the pop up menu choose Hide Dimension Label or Show Dimension Label Hiding and showing table titles To hide a title TableLooks A TableLook is a set of properties that define the appearance of a table You can select a previously defined TableLook or create your own TableLook e Before or after a TableLook is applied you can change cell formats for individual cells or groups of cells by using cell properties The edited cell formats will remain intact even when you apply a new TableLook See the topic Cell properties on page 141 for more information e Optionally
146. Controls the location within the worksheet for the exported output By default exported output will be added after the last column that has any content starting in the first row without modifying any existing contents This is a good choice for adding new columns to an existing worksheet Adding exported output after the last row is a good choice for adding new rows to an existing worksheet Adding exported output starting at a specific cell location will overwrite any existing content in the area where the exported output is added Layers in pivot tables By default inclusion or exclusion of pivot table layers is controlled by the table properties for each pivot table You can override this setting and include all layers or exclude all but the currently visible layer See the topic Table properties printing on page 140 for more information Include footnotes and captions Controls the inclusion or exclusion of all pivot table footnotes and captions 126 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Views of Models By default inclusion or exclusion of model views is controlled by the model properties for each model You_can override this setting and include all views or exclude all but the currently visible view See the topic Model properties on page 148 for more information Note all model views including tables are exported as graphics To set Excel export options 1 Select Excel as the export format 2 Click Change Optio
147. Datasets are available for subsequent use in the same session but are not saved as files unless explicitly saved_prior to the end of the session Dataset names must conform to variable naming rules See the topic Variable names on page 48 for more information Saving predictors to a new dataset based on importance You can save predictors to a new dataset based on the information in the predictor importance chart 1 Activate the model in the Model Viewer See the topic Interacting with a model on page 147 for more information 2 From the menus choose Generate gt Field Selection Predictor Importance Top number of variables Includes or excludes the most important predictors up to the specified number Importance greater than Includes or excludes all predictors with relative importance greater than the specified value 3 After you click OK the New Dataset dialog appears Dataset name Specify a valid dataset name Datasets are available for subsequent use in the same session but are not saved as files unless explicitly saved_prior to the end of the session Dataset names must conform to variable naming rules See the topic Variable names on page 48 for more information Ensemble Viewer Models for Ensembles The model for an ensemble provides information about the component models in the ensemble and the performance of the ensemble as a whole The main view independent toolbar allows you to choose
148. Date Time Variables Extract Part of a Date Time Variable Time Series Data Transformations Define Dates Create Time Series Replace Missing Values iv IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 65 65 65 66 66 67 68 68 68 69 69 71 lt ZA 74 75 75 76 hil 78 79 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 83 84 84 84 85 86 87 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 94 94 94 95 97 Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations 2 on File handling and file transformations Sort cases Sort variables Transpose Merging Data Files Add Cases Add Variables Aggregate Data g Aggregate Data Ageregate Function Aggregate Data Variable Name and Label Split file A a p mo e a 4 4 Select cases Select cases If Select cases Random sample Select cases Range Weight cases Restructuring Data To Restructure Data Restructure Data Wizard Select Type Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Number of Variable Groups Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Select Variables Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Create Index Variables Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Create One Index Variable Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Create Multiple Index Variables Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Options Restructure Data
149. DescriptiveStatistics_Create from the legacy Autoscript sbs file Sub Descriptives_ Table DescriptiveStatistics Create _ objPivotTable As Object objOutputDoc As Object ngIndex As Long Autoscript Trigger Event DescriptiveStatistics Table Creation after running Descriptives procedure Purpose Swaps the Rows and Columns in the currently active pivot table Assumptions Selected Pivot Table is already activated Effects Swaps the Rows and Columns in the output Inputs Pivot Table OutputDoc Item Index Dim objPivotManager As ISpssPivotMgr Set objPivotManager objPivotTable PivotManager objPivotManager TransposeRowsWithColumns End Sub Following is the converted script Sub Main Purpose Swaps the Rows and Columns in the currently active pivot table Effects Swaps the Rows and Columns in the output Dim objOutputItem As ISpssItem Dim objPivotTable as PivotTable Set objOutputItem scriptContext GetOutputItem Set objPivotTable objOutputItem ActivateTable Dim objPivotManager As ISpssPivotMgr 256 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Set objPivotManager objPivotTable PivotManager objPivotManager TransposeRowsWithColumns objOutputItem Deactivate End Sub e Notice that nothing in the converted script indicates which object the script is to be applied to The association between an output item and an autoscript is set from the Scripts tab of the Options dialog and maintained across sessions
150. GIN PROGRAM END PROGRAM block in command syntax The command syntax can be run from the IBM SPSS Statistics client or from the IBM SPSS Statistics Batch Facility a separate executable provided with IBM SPSS Statistics Server Python Program Run from an External Python Process You can run a Python program from any external Python process such as a Python IDE or the Python interpreter In this mode the Python program starts up a new instance of the IBM SPSS Statistics processor without an associated instance of the IBM SPSS Statistics client You can use this mode to debug your Python programs using the Python IDE of your choice Invoking Python Scripts from Python Programs and Vice Versa Python Script Run from Python Program You can run a Python script from a Python program by importing the Python module containing the script and calling the function in the module that implements the script You can also call Python script methods directly from within a Python program These features are not available when running a Python program from an external Python process or when running a Python program from the IBM SPSS Statistics Batch Facility available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server Python Autoscript Triggered from Python Program A Python script specified as an autoscript will be triggered when a Python program executes the procedure containing the output item associated with the autoscript For example you associate an autoscript with the Descri
151. PSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e PowerPoint file Pivot tables are exported as Word tables and are embedded on separate slides in the PowerPoint file with one slide for each pivot table All formatting attributes of the pivot table are retained for example cell borders font styles and background colors Charts tree diagrams and model views are exported in TIFF format Text output is not included Export to PowerPoint is available only on Windows operating systems e Text Text output formats include plain text UTF 8 and UTF 16 Pivot tables can be exported in tab separated or space separated format All text output is exported in space separated format For charts tree diagrams and model views a line is inserted in the text file for each graphic indicating the image filename Print Viewer file on completion Sends the final Viewer output file to the printer on completion of the production job This option is not available when running a production job in the background on a remote server HTML options Table Options No table options are available for HTML format All pivot tables are converted to HTML tables Image Options The available image types are EPS JPEG TIFF PNG and BMP On Windows operating systems EMF enhanced metafile format is also available You can also scale the image size from 1 to 200 PowerPoint options Table Options You can use the Viewer outline entries as slide titles Each slide con
152. Print Preview with all formatting attributes intact e PowerPoint file Pivot tables are exported as Word tables and are embedded on separate slides in the PowerPoint file with one slide for each pivot table All formatting attributes of the pivot table are retained for example cell borders font styles and background colors Charts tree diagrams and model views are exported in TIFF format Text output is not included Export to PowerPoint is available only on Windows operating systems e Text Text output formats include plain text UTF 8 and UTF 16 Pivot tables can be exported in tab separated or space separated format All text output is exported in space separated format For charts tree diagrams and model views a line is inserted in the text file for each graphic indicating the image filename e None Graphics Only Available export formats include EPS JPEG TIFF PNG and BMP On Windows operating systems EMF enhanced metafile format is also available Open the containing folder Opens the folder that contains the files that are created by the export Output Management System You can also automatically export all output or user specified types of output as Word Excel PDF HTML text or IBM SPSS Statistics format data files See the topic Chapter 22 Output Management System on page 239 for more information HTML options HTML export requires a browser that is compatible with HTML 5 The following options are avail
153. The list of variable attributes matches the attribute column names displayed in Variable View of the Data Editor e You can save the original pre sorted variable order in a custom variable attribute For each variable the value of the attribute is an integer value indicating its position prior to sorting so by sorting variables based on the value of that custom attribute you can restore the original variable order 100 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Transpose Transpose creates a new data file in which the rows and columns in the original data file are transposed so that cases rows become variables and variables columns become cases Transpose automatically creates new variable names and displays a list of the new variable names e Anew string variable that contains the original variable name case_Ibl is automatically created e If the active dataset contains an ID or name variable with unique values you can use it as the name variable and its values will be used as variable names in the transposed data file If it is a numeric variable the variable names start with the letter V followed by the numeric value e User missing values are converted to the system missing value in the transposed data file To retain any of these values change the definition of missing values in the Variable View in the Data Editor To Transpose Variables and Cases 1 From the menus choose Data gt Transpose 2 Select one or
154. To Read Text Data Files 1 From the menus choose File gt Read Text Data 2 Select the text file in the Open Data dialog box 3 If necessary select the encoding of the file The encoding can be either Unicode UTF 8 or Local encoding which is the code page encoding of the current locale If the file contains a UTF 8 byte order mark it will be read as that encoding regardless of the encoding you select 4 Follow the steps in the Text Wizard to define how to read the data file Chapter 3 Data files 17 Show me Text Wizard Step 1 The text file is displayed in a preview window You can apply a predefined format previously saved from the Text Wizard or follow the steps in the Text Wizard to specify how the data should be read Text Wizard Step 2 This step provides information about variables A variable is similar to a field in a database For example each item in a questionnaire is a variable How are your variables arranged To read your data properly the Text Wizard needs to know how to determine where the data value for one variable ends and the data value for the next variable begins The arrangement of variables defines the method used to differentiate one variable from the next e Delimited Spaces commas tabs or other characters are used to separate variables The variables are recorded in the same order for each case but not necessarily in the same column locations e Fixed width Each variable is recorded in the
155. Wizard Variables to Cases Select Variables Note The wizard presents this step if you choose to restructure variable groups into rows In this step provide information about how the variables in the current file should be used in the new file You can also create a variable that identifies the rows in the new file How should the new rows be identified You can create a variable in the new data file that identifies the row in the current data file that was used to create a group of new rows The identifier can be a sequential case number or it can be the values of the variable Use the controls in Case Group Identification to define the identification variable in the new file Click a cell to change the default variable name and provide a descriptive variable label for the identification variable What should be restructured in the new file In the previous step you told the wizard how many variable groups you want to restructure The wizard created one new variable for each group The values for the variable group will appear in that variable in the new file Use the controls in Variable to be Transposed to define the restructured variable in the new file To Specify One Restructured Variable Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations 111 1 Put the variables that make up the variable group that you want to transform into the Variable to be Transposed list All of the variables in the group must be of the same type numeric or string
156. a OSF DEC UNIX 26 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide SAS Transport xpt SAS transport file Stata Version 8 Intercooled dta Stata Version 8 SE dta Stata Version 7 Intercooled dta Stata Version 7 SE dta Stata Version 6 dta Stata Versions 4 5 dta Note SAS data file names can be up to 32 characters in length Blank spaces and non alphanumeric characters other than the underscore _ are not allowed and names have to start with a letter or an underscore numbers can follow Saving file options For spreadsheet tab delimited files and comma delimited files you can write variable names to the first row of the file Saving data files in Excel format You can save your data in one of three Microsoft Excel file formats Excel 2 1 Excel 97 and Excel 2007 e Excel 2 1 and Excel 97 are limited to 256 columns so only the first 256 variables are included e Excel 2007 is limited to 16 000 columns so only the first 16 000 variables are included e Excel 2 1 is limited to 16 384 rows so only the first 16 384 cases are included e Excel 97 and Excel 2007 also have limits on the number of rows per sheet but workbooks can have multiple sheets and multiple sheets are created if the single sheet maximum is exceeded Variable Types The following table shows the variable type matching between the original data in IBM SPSS Statistics and the exported data in Excel Table 2 How Excel data
157. a year 365 25 and the result for months is based on the average number of days in a month 30 4375 For example subtracting 2 1 2007 from 3 1 2007 m d y format returns a fractional result of 0 92 months whereas subtracting 3 1 2007 from 2 1 2007 returns a fractional difference of 1 02 months This also affects values calculated on time spans that include leap years For example subtracting 2 1 2008 from 3 1 2008 returns a fractional difference of 0 95 months compared to 0 92 for the same time span in a non leap year Table 8 Date difference for years Date 1 Date 2 Truncate Round Fraction 10 21 2006 10 28 2007 1 1 1 02 10 28 2006 10 21 2007 0 1 98 2 1 2007 3 1 2007 0 0 08 2 1 2008 3 1 2008 0 0 08 3 1 2007 4 1 2007 0 0 08 4 1 2007 5 1 2007 0 0 08 Table 9 Date difference for months Date 1 Date 2 Truncate Round Fraction 10 21 2006 10 28 2007 12 12 12 22 10 28 2006 10 21 2007 11 12 11 76 2 1 2007 3 1 2007 1 1 92 2 1 2008 3 1 2008 1 1 95 3 1 2007 4 1 2007 1 1 1 02 4 1 2007 5 1 2007 1 1 99 Specify Result of Subtracting Two Date Format Variables 1 Enter a name for Result Variable This cannot be the name of an existing variable Optionally you can Chapter 8 Data Transformations e Assign a descriptive variable label to the new variable Subtract Duration Variables To subtract two duration variables 1 Select Subtract two durations
158. able for exporting output in HTML format Layers in pivot tables By default inclusion or exclusion of pivot table layers is controlled by the table properties for each pivot table You can override this setting and include all layers or exclude all but the currently visible layer See the topic e 140 for more information 124 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Export layered tables as interactive Layered tables are displayed as they appear in the Viewer and you can interactively change the displayed layer in the browser If this option is not selected each table layer is displayed as a separate table Tables as HTML This controls style information included for exported pivot tables e Export with styles and fixed column width All pivot table style information font styles background colors etc and column widths are preserved e Export without styles Pivot tables are converted to default HTML tables No style attributes are preserved Column width is determined automatically Include footnotes and captions Controls the inclusion or exclusion of all pivot table footnotes and captions Views of Models By default inclusion or exclusion of model views is controlled by the model properties for each model You_can override this setting and include all views or exclude all but the currently visible view See the topic Model properties on page 148 for more information Note all model views including tables
159. able to you or other users of your dialog 2 Select the menu item above which you want the item for the new dialog to appear Once the item is added you can use the Move Up and Move Down buttons to reposition it 3 Enter a title for the menu item Titles within a given menu or sub menu must be unique 4 Click Add Optionally you can Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 211 e Add a separator above or below the new menu item e Specify the path to an image that will appear next to the menu item for the custom dialog The supported image types are gif and png The image cannot be larger than 16 x 16 pixels Laying Out Controls on the Canvas You add controls to a custom dialog by dragging them from the tools palette onto the canvas To ensure consistency with built in dialogs the canvas is divided into three functional columns in which you can place controls Left Column The left column is primarily intended for a source list control All controls other than target lists andsub dialog buttons can be placed in the left column Center Column The center column can contain any control other than source lists and sub dialog buttons Right Column The right column can only contain sub dialog buttons Although not shown on the canvas each custom dialog contains OK Paste Cancel and Help buttons positioned across the bottom of the dialog The presence and locations of these buttons is automatic however the Help but
160. above the source variable list the default selection of None sorts the list in file order Resizing dialog boxes You can resize dialog boxes just like windows by clicking and dragging the outside borders or corners For example if you make the dialog box wider the variable lists will also be wider Dialog box controls There are five standard controls in most dialog boxes OK or Run Runs the procedure After you select your variables and choose any additional specifications click OK to run the procedure and close the dialog box Some dialogs have a Run button instead of the OK button 4 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Paste Generates command syntax from the dialog box selections and pastes the syntax into a syntax window You can then customize the commands with additional features that are not available from dialog boxes Reset Deselects any variables in the selected variable list s and resets all specifications in the dialog box and any subdialog boxes to the default state Cancel Cancels any changes that were made in the dialog box settings since the last time it was opened and closes the dialog box Within a session dialog box settings are persistent A dialog box retains your last set of specifications until you override them Help Provides context sensitive Help This control takes you to a Help window that contains information about the current dialog box Selecting variables To select a si
161. abs for the settings that you want to change 3 Change the settings 4 Click OK or Apply General options Variable Lists These settings control the display of variables in dialog box lists You can display variable names or variable labels Names or labels can be displayed in alphabetical or file order or grouped by measurement level Display order affects only source variable lists Target variable lists always reflect the order in which variables were selected Roles Some dialogs support the ability to pre select variables for analysis based on defined roles See the topic Roles on page 52 for more information e Use predefined roles By default pre select variables based on defined roles e Use custom assignments By default do not use roles to pre select variables You can also switch between predefined roles and custom assignment within the dialogs that support this functionality The setting here controls only the initial default behavior in effect for each dataset Windows Look and feel Controls the basic appearance of windows and dialog boxes If you notice any display issues after changing the look and feel try shutting down and restarting the application Open syntax window at startup Syntax windows are text file windows used to enter edit and run commands If you frequently work with command syntax select this option to automatically open a syntax window at the beginning of each session This is useful pr
162. al indicator and number of decimal places displayed This option is ignored for string variables Alignment This affects only alignment left right center in Data View in the Data Editor Data Editor Column Width This affects only column width in Data View in the Data Editor 72 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Copying Dataset File Properties You can apply selected global dataset properties from the source data file to the active dataset This is not available if the active dataset is the source data file Multiple Response Sets Applies multiple response set definitions from the source data file to the active dataset e Multiple response sets that contain no variables in the active dataset are ignored unless those variables will be created based on specifications in step 2 Selecting Source and Target Variables in the Copy Data Properties Wizard e Replace deletes all multiple response sets in the active dataset and replaces them with the multiple response sets from the source data file e Merge adds multiple response sets from the source data file to the collection of multiple response sets in the active dataset If a set with the same name exists in both files the existing set in the active dataset is unchanged Variable Sets Variable sets are used to control the list of variables that are displayed in dialog boxes Variable sets are defined by selecting Define Variable Sets from the Utilities menu e Se
163. ally e Specify any selection criteria for your data e Add a prompt for user input to create a parameter query e Save your constructed query before running it Connection Pooling If you access the same database source multiple times in the same session or job you can improve performance with connection pooling 1 In the last step of the wizard paste the command syntax into a syntax window 2 At the end of the quoted CONNECT string add Pool ing true To Edit Saved Database Queries 1 From the menus choose File gt Open Database gt Edit Query 2 Select the query file spq that you want to edit 3 Follow the instructions for creating a new query To Read Database Files with Saved Queries 1 From the menus choose File gt Open Database gt Run Query 2 Select the query file spq that you want to run ga If necessary depending on the database file enter a login name and password 4 If the query has an embedded prompt enter other information if necessary for example the quarter for which you want to retrieve sales figures Selecting a Data Source Use the first screen of the Database Wizard to select the type of data source to read ODBC Data Sources If you do not have any ODBC data sources configured or if you want to add a new data source click Add ODBC Data Source e On Linux operating systems this button is not available ODBC data sources are specified in odbc ini and the ODBCINI env
164. ally you can define a subset of cases for which to count occurrences of values Count Values within Cases Values to Count The value of the target variable on the main dialog box is incremented by 1 each time one of the selected variables matches a specification in the Values to Count list here If a case matches several specifications for any variable the target variable is incremented several times for that variable Value specifications can include individual values missing or system missing values and ranges Ranges include their endpoints and any user missing values that fall within the range Count Occurrences If Cases The If Cases dialog box allows you to count occurrences of values for a selected subset of cases using conditional expressions A conditional expression returns a value of true false or missing for each case Chapter 8 Data Transformations 83 Shift Values Shift Values creates new variables that contain the values of existing variables from preceding or subsequent cases Name Name for the new variable This must be a name that does not already exist in the active dataset Get value from earlier case lag Get the value from a previous case in the active dataset For example with the default number of cases value of 1 each case for the new variable has the value of the original variable from the case that immediately precedes it Get value from following case lead Get the value from a subsequent c
165. ally used and a maximum of the number of colors that are allowed by the depth For example if the chart contains three colors red white and black and you save it as 16 colors the chart will remain as three colors e If the number of colors in the chart exceeds the number of colors for that depth the colors will be dithered to replicate the colors in the chart e Current screen depth is the number of colors currently displayed on your computer monitor EMF and TIFF chart export options Image size Percentage of original chart size up to 200 percent Note EMF enhanced metafile format is available only on Windows operating systems EPS chart export options Image size You can specify the size as a percentage of the original image size up to 200 percent or you can specify an image width in pixels with height determined by the width value and the aspect ratio The exported image is always proportional to the original Include TIFF preview image Saves a preview with the EPS image in TIFF format for display in applications that cannot display EPS images on screen Fonts Controls the treatment of fonts in EPS images Chapter 10 Working with output 129 e Use font references If the fonts that are used in the chart are available on the output device the fonts are used Otherwise the output device uses alternate fonts e Replace fonts with curves Turns fonts into PostScript curve data The text itself is no longer editable a
166. alog 156 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Style Output TableLooks A TableLook is a set of properties that define the appearance of a table You can select a previously defined TableLook or create your own TableLook e Before or after a TableLook is applied you can change cell formats for individual cells or groups of cells by using cell properties The edited cell formats will remain intact even when you apply a new TableLook See the topic Cell properties on page 141 for more information e Optionally you can reset all cells to the cell formats that are defined by the current TableLook This resets any cells that have been edited If As Displayed is selected in the TableLook Files list any edited cells are reset to the current table properties e Only table properties defined in the Table Properties dialog are saved in TableLooks TableLooks do not include individual cell modifications See the topic To edit or create a TableLook on page 138 for more information Style Output Size The Style Output Size dialog controls the size of charts and tree diagrams You can specify the height and width in centimeters inches or points Table Style The Table Style dialog specifies conditions for automatically changing properties of pivot tables based on specific conditions For example you can make all significance values less than 0 05 bold and red The Table Style dialog can be accessed from the Style Out
167. an Headings objects or a Notes tables being included for a procedure then nothing is included for that procedure Adding new OMS requests 1 Select the output types tables charts etc that you want to include See the topic Output object pes on page 210 es on page 240 for more information 2 Select the commands to include If you want to include all output select all items in the list See the topic Command identifiers and table subtypes on page 241 for more information 3 For commands that produce pivot table output select the specific table types to include The list displays only the tables that are available in the selected commands any table type that is available in one or more of the selected commands is displayed in the list If no commands are selected all table types are displayed See the topic Command identifiers and table subtypes on page 241 for more information 4 To select tables based on text labels instead of subtypes click Labels See the topic Labels on page 242 for more information 5 Click Options to specify the output format for example IBM SPSS Statistics data file XML or HTML By default Output XML format is used See the topic OMS options on page 242 for more information 6 Specify an output destination e File All selected output is routed to a single file 239 e Based on object names Output is routed to multiple destination files based on object
168. an also create rankings based on proportion estimates and normal scores Rank Simple rank The value of the new variable equals its rank Savage score The new variable contains Savage scores based on an exponential distribution Fractional rank The value of the new variable equals rank divided by the sum of the weights of the nonmissing cases Fractional rank as percent Each rank is divided by the number of cases with valid values and multiplied by 100 Sum of case weights The value of the new variable equals the sum of case weights The new variable is a constant for all cases in the same group Ntiles Ranks are based on percentile groups with each group containing approximately the same number of cases For example 4 Ntiles would assign a rank of 1 to cases below the 25th percentile 2 to cases between the 25th and 50th percentile 3 to cases between the 50th and 75th percentile and 4 to cases above the 75th percentile Proportion estimates Estimates of the cumulative proportion of the distribution corresponding to a particular rank Normal scores The z scores corresponding to the estimated cumulative proportion Proportion Estimation Formula For proportion estimates and normal scores you can select the proportion estimation formula Blom Tukey Rankit or Van der Waerden e Blom Creates new ranking variable based on proportion estimates that uses the formula 1 3 8 w 1 4 where w is the sum of the case weights and r
169. and editing a aie Building Charts Editing Charts Contents 144 144 144 145 145 147 147 147 148 149 149 149 149 149 151 153 153 154 156 156 157 157 157 158 158 161 161 162 162 162 163 163 163 164 165 165 166 167 168 168 169 170 170 170 171 171 173 173 173 174 Vv Chart definition options Adding and Editing Titles ad Footnotes Setting General Options i Chapter 16 Scoring data with predictive models Scoring Wizard Matching model fields t dataset fields Selecting scoring functions Scoring the active dataset 2 Merging model and transformation XML files Chapter 17 Utilities Utilities Variable informati n j Data file comments Variable sets Defining variable sets s Using variable sets to show and hide variables Reordering target variable lists Extension bundles Creating and editing extensio b ndi s Installing local extension bundles Viewing installed extension bundles Downloading extension bundles Chapter 18 Pona Options General options Viewer Options Data Options f Changing the default variables view Language options Currency options To create custom currency formats Output options Chart options SG Data Element Colors Data Element Lines Data Element Markers Data Element Fills Pivot table options File locations o
170. and syntax file with user prompt symbols GET FILE datafile check the Quote value option to quote file specifications FREQUENCIES VARIABLES varlist do not check the Quote value option Run options You can run production jobs in two different ways Interactively The program runs unattended in a separate session on either your local computer or a remote server Your local computer must remain on and connected to the remote server if applicable until the job is complete In the background on a server The program runs in a separate session on a remote server Your local computer does not have to remain on and does not have to remain connected to the remote server You can disconnect and retrieve the results later 234 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Note Running a production job on a remote server requires access to a server running IBM SPSS Statistics Server Statistics server If you select to run the production job in the background on a remote server you must specify the server on which it will run Click Select Server to specify the server This applies only to jobs run in the background on a remote server not jobs run interactively on a remote server Server login Use the Server login dialog to add and modify remote servers and to select the server to use to run the current production job Remote servers usually require a user ID and password and a domain name may also be necessary Contact your
171. and the macro calls it treats them as if they were simply part of the standard TABLES syntax The utility program will not convert TABLES commands contained in macros All macros are unaffected by the conversion process IGRAPH Limitations IGRAPH changed significantly in release 16 Because of these changes some subcommands and keywords in IGRAPH syntax created before that release may not be honored See the IGRAPH section in the Command Syntax Reference for the complete revision history Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 261 The conversion utility program may generate additional syntax that it stores in the INLINETEMPLATE keyword within the GGRAPH syntax This keyword is created only by the conversion program Its syntax is not intended to be user editable Using the Conversion Utility Program The conversion utility program SyntaxConverter exe can be found in the installation directory It is designed to run from a command prompt The general form of the command is syntaxconverter exe path inputfilename sps path outputfilename sps You must run this command from the installation directory If any directory names contain spaces enclose the entire path and filename in quotation marks as in syntaxconverter exe myfiles oldfile sps new files newfile sps Interactive versus Production Mode Command Syntax Rules The conversion utility program can convert command files that use interactive or production mode syntax rules
172. any fields in the active dataset that have the same name and type as fields in the model are automatically matched e Use the drop down list to match dataset fields to model fields The data type for each field must be the same in both the model and the dataset in order to match fields e You cannot continue with the wizard or score the active dataset unless all predictors and split fields if present in the model are matched with fields in the active dataset Dataset Fields The drop down list contains the names of all the fields in the active dataset Fields that do not match the data type of the corresponding model field cannot be selected Model Fields The fields used in the model Role The displayed role can be one of the following e Predictor The field is used as a predictor in the model That is values of the predictors are used to predict values of the target outcome of interest e Split The values of the split fields are used to define subgroups which are each scored separately There is a separate subgroup for each unique combination of split field values Note splits are only available for some models e Record ID Record case identifier Measure Measurement level for the field as defined in the model For models in which measurement level can affect the scores the measurement level as defined in the model is used not the measurement level as defined in the active dataset For more information on measurement lev
173. are not the folders and drives on your computer they are the folders and drives on the remote server In distributed analysis mode you will not have access to data files on your local computer unless you specify the drive as a shared device or specify the folders containing your data files as shared folders If the server is running a different operating system for example you are running Windows and the server is running UNIX you probably won t have access to local data files in distributed analysis mode even if they are in shared folders Distributed analysis mode is not the same as accessing data files that reside on another computer on your network You can access data files on other network devices in local analysis mode or in distributed analysis mode In local mode you access other devices from your local computer In distributed mode you access other network devices from the remote server Chapter 4 Distributed Analysis Mode 43 If you re not sure if you re using local analysis mode or distributed analysis mode look at the title bar in the dialog box for accessing data files If the title of the dialog box contains the word Remote as in Open Remote File or if the text Remote Server server name appears at the top of the dialog box you re using distributed analysis mode Note This situation affects only dialog boxes for accessing data files for example Open Data Save Data Open Database and Apply Data Dictionary For all
174. are sorted by ascending values of the break variables Sort file before aggregating In very rare instances with large data files you may find it necessary to sort the data file by values of the break variables prior to aggregating This option is not recommended unless you encounter memory or performance problems Aggregate Data Aggregate Function This dialog box specifies the function to use to calculate aggregated data values for selected variables on the Aggregate Variables list in the Aggregate Data dialog box Aggregate functions include e Summary functions for numeric variables including mean median standard deviation and sum e Number of cases including unweighted weighted nonmissing and missing e Percentage fraction or count of values above or below a specified value e Percentage fraction or count of values inside or outside of a specified range Aggregate Data Variable Name and Label Aggregate Data assigns default variable names for the aggregated variables in the new data file This dialog box enables you to change the variable name for the selected variable on the Aggregate Variables list and provide a descriptive variable label See the topic Variable names on page 48 for more information Split file Split File splits the data file into separate groups for analysis based on the values of one or more grouping variables If you select multiple grouping variables cases are grouped by each variable wit
175. are used in each word This option is the default e Right to left Text flows right to left e Left to right Text flows left to right Currency options You can create up to five custom currency display formats that can include special prefix and suffix characters and special treatment for negative values The five custom currency format names are CCA CCB CCC CCD and CCE You cannot change the format names or add new ones To modify a custom currency format select the format name from the source list and make the changes that you want Prefixes suffixes and decimal indicators defined for custom currency formats are for display purposes only You cannot enter values in the Data Editor using custom currency characters Chapter 18 Options 197 To create custom currency formats 1 Click the Currency tab 2 Select one of the currency formats from the list CCA CCB CCC CCD and CCE 3 Enter the prefix suffix and decimal indicator values 4 Click OK or Apply Output options Output options control the default setting for a number of output options Outline labeling Controls display of variable names variable labels data values and value labels in the outline pane of the Viewer Pivot table labeling Controls display of variable names variable labels data values and value labels in pivot tables Descriptive variable and value labels Variable view in the Data Editor Label and Values columns often ma
176. arts 123 129 port numbers 41 235 portable files variable names 25 post processing output 153 154 156 157 158 PostScript files encapsulated 123 129 exporting charts 123 129 PowerPoint 127 exporting output as PowerPoint 127 PowerPoint format exporting output 123 printing 61 130 131 138 140 144 chart size 131 charts 130 controlling table breaks 144 data 61 headers and footers 130 layers 130 138 140 models 148 page numbers 131 pivot tables 130 print preview 130 scaling tables 138 140 space between output items 131 text output 130 prior moving average function 96 Production Facility 193 converting files to production jobs 237 using command syntax from journal file 193 Production jobs 231 235 236 command line switches 236 converting Production Facility files 237 exporting charts 231 output files 231 running multiple production jobs 236 scheduling production jobs 236 syntax rules 231 programming with command language 161 properties 138 pivot tables 138 tables 138 proportion estimates in Rank Cases 89 Python scripts 253 Q Quancept 22 Quanvert 22 R random number seed 83 random sample 15 databases 15 random sample continued random number seed 83 selecting 107 ranking cases 88 fractional ranks 89 percentiles 89 Savage scores 89 tied values 89 Rankit estimates 89 recoding values 75 84 85 86 87 remote servers 41 43 44 235 adding 41 235 available procedures 44 data file access 43
177. ary information from the other dataset is used e If the active dataset contains any defined value labels or user missing values for a variable any additional value labels or user missing values for that variable in the other dataset are ignored Merging More Than Two Data Sources Using command syntax you can merge up to 50 datasets and or data files For more information see the ADD FILES command in the Command Syntax Reference available from the Help menu Add Variables Add Variables merges the active dataset with another open dataset or external IBM SPSS Statistics data file that contains the same cases rows but different variables columns For example you might want to merge a data file that contains pre test results with one that contains post test results e If you are not matching cases based on the values of key variables file order determines how cases are matched 102 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e If one or more key variables are used to match cases and you indicate that the files are already sorted the two datasets must be sorted by ascending order of the key variable s e Variable names in the second data file that duplicate variable names in the active dataset are excluded by default because Add Variables assumes that these variables contain duplicate information Indicate case source as variable Indicates the source data file for each case This variable has a value of 0 for cases from the ac
178. ase Sequential values based on the time interval are assigned to subsequent cases Periodicity at higher level Indicates the repetitive cyclical variation such as the number of months in a year or the number of days in a week The value displayed indicates the maximum value you can enter For hours minutes and seconds the maximum is the displayed value minus one A new numeric variable is created for each component that is used to define the date The new variable names end with an underscore A descriptive string variable date_ is also created from the components For example if you selected Weeks days hours four new variables are created week_ day_ hour_ and date_ If date variables have already been defined they are replaced when you define new date variables that will have the same names as the existing date variables To Define Dates for Time Series Data 1 From the menus choose Data gt Define Dates 2 Select a time interval from the Cases Are list 3 Enter the value s that define the starting date for First Case Is which determines the date assigned to the first case Date Variables versus Date Format Variables Date variables created with Define Dates should not be confused with date format variables defined in the Variable View of the Data Editor Date variables are used to establish periodicity for time series data Date format variables represent dates and or times displayed in various date time formats Dat
179. ase in the active dataset For example with the default number of cases value of 1 each case for the new variable has the value of the original variable from the next case Number of cases to shift Get the value from the nth preceding or subsequent case where n is the value specified The value must be a non negative integer e If split file processing is on the scope of the shift is limited to each split group A shift value cannot be obtained from a case in a preceding or subsequent split group e Filter status is ignored e The value of the result variable is set to system missing for the first or last n cases in the dataset or split group where n is the value specified for Number of cases to shift For example using the Lag method with a value of 1 would set the result variable to system missing for the first case in the dataset or first case in each split group e User missing values are preserved e Dictionary information from the original variable including defined value labels and user missing value assignments is applied to the new variable Note Custom variable attributes are not included e A variable label is automatically generated for the new variable that describes the shift operation that created the variable To Create a New Variable with Shifted Values 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Shift Values Select the variable to use as the source of values for the new variable Enter a name for the new va
180. assword Once encrypted the document can only be opened by providing the password IBM SPSS Smartreader users will also be required to provide the password in order to open the file To encrypt a Viewer document Select Encrypt file with password in the Save Output As dialog box Click Save In the Encrypt File dialog box provide a password and re enter it in the Confirm password text box Passwords are limited to 10 characters and are case sensitive Warning Passwords cannot be recovered if they are lost If the password is lost the file cannot be opened Creating strong passwords Use eight or more characters Include numbers symbols and even punctuation in your password Avoid sequences of numbers or characters such as 123 and abc and avoid repetition such as I1laaa Do not create passwords that use personal information such as birthdays or nicknames Periodically change the password Note Storing encrypted files to an IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository is not supported Modifying encrypted files If you open an encrypted file make modifications to it and choose File gt Save the modified file will be saved with the same password You can change the password on an encrypted file by opening the file repeating the steps for encrypting it and specifying a different password in the Encrypt File dialog box You can save an unencrypted version of an encrypted file by opening the file choosing F
181. asted from dialog boxes or copied from the log or the journal may contain EXECUTE commands When you run commands from a syntax window EXECUTE commands are generally unnecessary and may slow performance particularly with larger data files because each EXECUTE command reads the entire data file For more information see the EXECUTE command in the Command Syntax Reference available from the Help menu in any IBM SPSS Statistics window Lag Functions One notable exception is transformation commands that contain lag functions In a series of transformation commands without any intervening EXECUTE commands or other commands that read the data lag functions are calculated after all other transformations regardless of command order For example COMPUTE lagvar LAG varl COMPUTE varl varlx2 and COMPUTE lagvar LAG varl EXECUTE COMPUTE varl varlx2 yield very different results for the value of lagvar since the former uses the transformed value of var1 while the latter uses the original value Encrypting syntax files You can protect your syntax files by encrypting them with a password Encrypted files can be opened only by providing the password Note Encrypted syntax files cannot be used in production jobs or with the IBM SPSS Statistics Batch Facility available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server To save the contents of the syntax editor as an encrypted syntax file 1 Make the Syntax Editor the active window click anywhere
182. at you want to apply to other variables 2 From the menus choose Edit gt Copy 3 Select the attribute cell s to which you want to apply the attribute You can select multiple target variables 4 From the menus choose Edit gt Paste If you paste the attribute to blank rows new variables are created with default attributes for all attributes except the selected attribute To apply all attributes from a defined variable 1 In Variable View select the row number for the variable with the attributes that you want to use The entire row is highlighted 2 From the menus choose Edit gt Copy 3 Select the row number s for the variable s to which you want to apply the attributes You can select multiple target variables 4 From the menus choose Edit gt Paste Generating multiple new variables with the same attributes 1 In Variable View click the row number for the variable that has the attributes that you want to use for the new variable The entire row is highlighted 2 From the menus choose Edit gt Copy 3 Click the empty row number beneath the last defined variable in the data file 4 From the menus choose Edit gt Paste Variables 5 In the Paste Variables dialog box enter the number of variables that you want to create 6 Enter a prefix and starting number for the new variables 7 Click OK The new variable names will consist of the specified prefix plus a sequential number starting with
183. ata files or running the same set of commands for different sets of variables For example you could define the runtime value datafile to prompt you for a data filename each time you run a production job that uses the string datafile in place of a filename in the command syntax file Symbol The string in the command syntax file that triggers the production job to prompt the user for a value The symbol name must begin with an sign and must conform to variable naming rules See the sopiel Variable narnes on page 46 or more information Default Value The value that the production job supplies by default if you don t enter a different value This value is displayed when the production job prompts you for information You can replace or modify the value at runtime If you don t provide a default value don t use the silent keyword when running the production job with command line switches unless you also use the symbol switch to specify runtime values See the topic Running production jobs from a command line on page 239 for more information User Prompt The descriptive label that is displayed when the production job prompts you to enter information For example you could use the phrase What data file do you want to use to identify a field that requires a data filename Quote Value Encloses the default value or the value entered by the user in quotes For example file specifications should be enclosed in quotes Example comm
184. ate file create a chart with the attributes that you want and save it as a template choose Save Chart Template from the File menu Chart Aspect Ratio The width to height ratio of the outer frame of new charts You can specify a width to height ratio from 0 1 to 10 0 Values less than 1 make charts that are taller than they are wide Values greater than 1 make charts that are wider than they are tall A value of 1 produces a square chart Once a chart is created its aspect ratio cannot be changed Current Settings Available settings include Font Font used for all text in new charts e Style Cycle Preference The initial assignment of colors and patterns for new charts Cycle through colors only uses only colors to differentiate chart elements and does not use patterns Cycle through patterns only uses only line styles marker symbols or fill patterns to differentiate chart elements and does not use color 198 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e Frame Controls the display of inner and outer frames on new charts e Grid Lines Controls the display of scale and category axis grid lines on new charts Style Cycles Customizes the colors line styles marker symbols and fill patterns for new charts You can change the order of the colors and patterns that are used when a new chart is created Data Element Colors Specify the order in which colors should be used for the data elements such as bars and markers in your new
185. automatic indentation You can change the indent size from the Syntax Editor tab in the Options dialog box e Note that using the Tab key in the Syntax Editor does not insert a tab character It inserts a space To indent text 1 Select the text or position the cursor on a single line that you want to indent 2 From the menus choose Tools gt Indent Syntax gt Indent You can also indent a selection or line by pressing the Tab key To outdent text 1 Select the text or position the cursor on a single line that you want to outdent 2 From the menus choose Tools gt Indent Syntax gt Outdent 168 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide To automatically indent text 1 Select the text 2 From the menus choose Tools gt Indent Syntax gt Auto Indent When you automatically indent text any existing indentation is removed and replaced with the automatically generated indents Note that automatically indenting code within a BEGIN PROGRAM block may break the code if it depends on specific indentation to function such as Python code containing loops and conditional blocks Syntax formatted with the auto indent feature may not run in batch mode For example auto indenting an INPUT PROGRAM END INPUT PROGRAM LOOP END LOOP DO IF END IF or DO REPEAT END REPEAT block will cause the syntax to fail in batch mode because commands in the block will be indented and will not start in column 1 as required for batch mode You can howev
186. ays runtime errors from the most previous run e The information for each error contains the starting line number of the command containing the error e You can use the Up and Down arrow keys to move through the list of errors e Clicking on an entry in the list will position the cursor on the first line of the command that generated the error e You can show or hide the error pane by choosing View gt Show Error Pane from the menus Using Multiple Views You can split the editor pane into two panes arranged with one above the other 1 From the menus choose Window gt Split Actions in the navigation and error panes such as clicking on an error act on the pane where the cursor is positioned You can remove the splitter by double clicking it or choosing Window gt Remove Split Terminology Commands The basic unit of syntax is the command Each command begins with the command name which consists of one two or three words for example DESCRIPTIVES SORT CASES or ADD VALUE LABELS 164 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Subcommands Most commands contain subcommands Subcommands provide for additional specifications and begin with a forward slash followed by the name of the subcommand Keywords Keywords are fixed terms that are typically used within a subcommand to specify options available for the subcommand Keyword Values Keywords can have values such as a fixed term that specifies an option or a numeric valu
187. ber for the variable in Variable View 2 Drag and drop the variable to the new location 3 If you want to place the variable between two existing variables In Data View drop the variable on the variable column to the right of where you want to place the variable or in Variable View drop the variable on the variable row below where you want to place the variable To change data type You can change the data type for a variable at any time by using the Variable Type dialog box in Variable View The Data Editor will attempt to convert existing values to the new type If no conversion is possible the system missing value is assigned The conversion rules are the same as the rules for pasting data values to a variable with a different format type If the change in data format may result in the loss of missing value specifications or value labels the Data Editor displays an alert box and asks whether you want to proceed with the change or cancel it Finding cases variables or imputations The Go To dialog box finds the specified case row number or variable name in the Data Editor Cases 1 For cases from the menus choose Edit gt Go to Case 2 Enter an integer value that represents the current row number in Data View Note The current row number for a particular case can change due to sorting and other actions Variables 1 For variables from the menus choose Edit gt Go to Variable 2 Enter the variable name or select
188. ble name the Database Wizard assigns variable names to each column from the database in one of two ways e If the name of the database field forms a valid unique variable name the name is used as the variable name e If the name of the database field does not form a valid unique variable name a new unique name is automatically generated Click any cell to edit the variable name 16 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Converting strings to numeric values Select the Recode to Numeric box for a string variable if you want to automatically convert it to a numeric variable String values are converted to consecutive integer values based on alphabetical order of the original values The original values are retained as value labels for the new variables Width for variable width string fields This option controls the width of variable width string values By default the width is 255 bytes and only the first 255 bytes typically 255 characters in single byte languages will be read The width can be up to 32 767 bytes Although you probably don t want to truncate string values you also don t want to specify an unnecessarily large value which will cause processing to be inefficient Minimize string widths based on observed values Automatically set the width of each string variable to the longest observed value Sorting Cases If you are in distributed mode connected to a remote server available with IBM SPSS Statistics Serv
189. bles created in the session as the values for existing fields but you cannot add new fields or change the names of existing fields To add new fields to a database table see Adding New Fields e Any excluded database fields or fields not matched to a variable will have no values for the added records in the database table If the Source of values cell is empty there is no variable matched to the field Creating a New Table or Replacing a Table To create a new database table or replace an existing database table 1 In the Choose how to export the data panel of the export wizard select Drop an existing table and create a new table of the same name or select Create a new table and enter a name for the new table If the table name contains any characters other than letters numbers or an underscore the name must be enclosed in double quotes 2 If you are replacing an existing table in the Select a table or view panel select the database table w Drag and drop variables into the Variables to save column 4 Optionally you can designate variables fields that define the primary key change field names and change the data type 34 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Primary key To designate variables as the primary key in the database table select the box in the column identified with the key icon e All values of the primary key must be unique or an error will result e If you select a single variable as
190. bles in the chart You can also add distribution curves and fit interpolation and reference lines e Flexible templates for consistent look and behavior You can create customized templates and use them to easily create charts with the look and options that you want For example if you always want a specific orientation for axis labels you can specify the orientation in a template and apply the template to other charts How to View the Chart Editor 1 Create a chart in IBM SPSS Statistics or open a Viewer file with charts 2 Double click a chart in the Viewer Chart Editor Fundamentals The Chart Editor provides various methods for manipulating charts Menus Many actions that you can perform in the Chart Editor are done with the menus especially when you are adding an item to the chart For example you use the menus to add a fit line to a scatterplot After adding an item to the chart you often use the Properties dialog box to specify options for the added item Properties Dialog Box Options for the chart and its chart elements can be found in the Properties dialog box To view the Properties dialog box you can 1 Double click a chart element or 2 Select a chart element and then from the menus choose Edit gt Properties Additionally the Properties dialog box automatically appears when you add an item to the chart 174 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide The Properties dialog box has tabs that allow you
191. can add footnotes and captions to a table You can also hide footnotes or captions change footnote markers and renumber footnotes Adding footnotes and captions To add a caption to a table 1 From the Insert menu choose Caption A footnote can be attached to any item in a table To add a footnote 1 Click a title cell or caption within an activated pivot table 2 From the Insert menu choose Footnote 3 Insert the footnote text in the provided area To hide or show a caption To hide a caption 1 Select the caption 2 From the View menu choose Hide Chapter 11 Pivot tables 141 To show hidden captions 1 From the View menu choose Show All To hide or show a footnote in a table To hide a footnote 1 Right click the cell that contains the footnote reference and select Hide Footnotes from the pop up menu or 2 Select the footnote in the footnote area of the table and select Hide from the pop up menu Note For legacy tables select the footnote area of the table select Edit Footnote from the pop up menu and then deselect clear the Visible property for any footnotes you want to hide If a cell contains multiple footnotes use the latter method to selectively hide footnotes To hide all footnotes in the table 1 Select all of the footnotes in the footnote area of the table use click and drag or Shift click to select the footnotes and select Hide from the View menu Note For legacy tables select the footno
192. cases remain excluded from the chart even if you turn weighting off from within the chart To Weight Cases 1 From the menus choose Data gt Weight Cases 2 Select Weight cases by 3 Select a frequency variable The values of the frequency variable are used as case weights For example a case with a value of 3 for the frequency variable will represent three cases in the weighted data file Restructuring Data Use the Restructure Data Wizard to restructure your data for the procedure that you want to use The wizard replaces the current file with a new restructured file The wizard can e Restructure selected variables into cases e Restructure selected cases into variables e Transpose all data To Restructure Data 1 From the menus choose Data gt Restructure 2 Select the type of restructuring that you want to do 3 Select the data to restructure Optionally you can e Create identification variables which allow you to trace a value in the new file back to a value in the original file e Sort the data prior to restructuring e Define options for the new file e Paste the command syntax into a syntax window Restructure Data Wizard Select Type Use the Restructure Data Wizard to restructure your data In the first dialog box select the type of restructuring that you want to do e Restructure selected variables into cases Choose this when you have groups of related columns in your data and you want them
193. choose Tools gt Next Bookmark or Tools gt Previous Bookmark To navigate to a specific bookmark 1 From the menus choose Tools gt Go To Bookmark 2 Select the bookmark Commenting or Uncommenting Text You can comment out entire commands as well as text that is not recognized as command syntax and you can uncomment text that has previously been commented out To comment out text 1 Select the text Note that a command will be commented out if any part of it is selected 2 From the menus choose Tools gt Toggle Comment Selection You can comment out a single command by positioning the cursor anywhere within the command and choosing Tools gt Toggle Comment Selection To uncomment text 1 Select the text to uncomment Note that a command will be uncommented if any part of it is selected 2 From the menus choose Tools gt Toggle Comment Selection You can uncomment a single command by positioning the cursor anywhere within the command and choosing Tools gt Toggle Comment Selection Note that this feature will not remove comments within a command text set off by and or comments created with the COMMENT keyword Formatting Syntax You can indent or outdent selected lines of syntax and you can automatically indent selections so that the syntax is formatted in a manner similar to syntax pasted from a dialog box e The default indent is four spaces and applies to indenting selected lines of syntax as well as to
194. cifies that the value for datafile should be quoted Quote Value checkbox on the Runtime Values tab so no quotes are necessary when specifying the data file on the command line Otherwise you would need to specify something like data July_data sav to include quotes with the data file specification since file specifications should be quoted in command syntax e The directory path for the location of the production job uses the Windows back slash convention On Macintosh and Linux use forward slashes The forward slashes in the quoted data file specification will work on all operating systems since this quoted string is inserted into the command syntax file and forward slashes are acceptable in commands that include file specifications for example GET FILE GET DATA SAVE on all operating systems e The silent keyword suppresses any user prompts in the production job and the symbol switch inserts the quoted data file name and location wherever the runtime symbol datafile appears in the command syntax files included in the production job Converting Production Facility files Production Facility job files spp created in releases prior to 16 0 will not run in release 16 0 or later For Windows and Macintosh Production Facility job files created in earlier releases you can use prodconvert located in the installation directory to convert those files to new production job files spj Run prodconvert from a command window using the fol
195. cify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks e You can include identifiers for any controls contained in the item group At run time the identifiers are replaced with the syntax generated by the controls e The value ThisValue generates a blank separated list of the syntax generated by each control in the item group in the order in which they appear in the group top to bottom This is the default If the Syntax property includes ThisValue and no syntax is generated by any of the controls in the item group then the item group as a whole does not generate any command syntax 222 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Radio Group The Radio Group control is a container for a set of radio buttons each of which can contain a set of nested controls The Radio Group control has the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control This is the identifier to use when referencing the control in the syntax template Title An optional title for the group If omitted the group border is not displayed For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control Radio Buttons Click the ellipsis button to open the Radio Group Properties dialog box which allows you to specify the properties of the radio buttons as well as to add or remove buttons from the group The ability to nest controls under a given radio
196. ck distance will be used Applies only to nearest neighbor models Field Name Each selected scoring function saves a new field variable in the active dataset You can use the default names or enter new names If fields with those names already exist in the active dataset they will be replaced For information on field naming rules see Variable names on page 48 Value See the descriptions of the scoring functions for descriptions of functions that use a Value setting Scoring the active dataset On the final step of the wizard you can score the active dataset or paste the generated command syntax to a syntax window You can then modify and or save the generated command syntax Merging model and transformation XML files Some predictive models are built with data that have been modified or transformed in various ways In order to apply those models to other datasets in a meaningful way the same transformations must also be performed on the dataset being scored or the transformations must also be reflected in the model file Including transformations in the model file is a two step process 1 Save the transformations in a transformation XML file This can only be done using TMS BEGIN and TMS END in command syntax 2 Combine the model file XML file or zip file and the transformation XML file in a new merged model XML file To combine a model file and a transformation XML file in a new merged model file 3 From the menus ch
197. cluding tables are exported as graphics Page Setup for Export This opens a dialog where you can define the page size and margins for the exported document The document width used to determine wrapping and shrinking behavior is the page width minus the left and right margins To set PowerPoint export options 1 Select PowerPoint as the export format 2 Click Change Options Note Export to PowerPoint is available only on Windows operating systems PDF options The following options are available for PDF Embed bookmarks This option includes bookmarks in the PDF document that correspond to the Viewer outline entries Like the Viewer outline pane bookmarks can make it much easier to navigate documents with a large number of output objects Embed fonts Embedding fonts ensures that the PDF document will look the same on all computers Otherwise if some fonts used in the document are not available on the computer being used to view or print the PDF document font substitution may yield suboptimal results Chapter 10 Working with output 127 Layers in pivot tables By default inclusion or exclusion of pivot table layers is controlled by the table properties for each pivot table You can override this setting and include all layers or exclude all but the currently visible layer See the topic Table properties printing on page 140 for more information Views of Models By default inclusion or exclusion of model views is contro
198. coded value A table displays the old and new values and value labels e String values are recoded in alphabetical order with uppercase letters preceding their lowercase counterparts e Missing values are recoded into missing values higher than any nonmissing values with their order preserved For example if the original variable has 10 nonmissing values the lowest missing value would be recoded to 11 and the value 11 would be a missing value for the new variable Use the same recoding scheme for all variables This option allows you to apply a single autorecoding scheme to all the selected variables yielding a consistent coding scheme for all the new variables If you select this option the following rules and limitations apply e All variables must be of the same type numeric or string e All observed values for all selected variables are used to create a sorted order of values to recode into sequential integers e User missing values for the new variables are based on the first variable in the list with defined user missing values All other values from other original variables except for system missing are treated as valid Treat blank string values as user missing For string variables blank or null values are not treated as system missing This option will autorecode blank strings into a user missing value higher than the highest nonmissing value Templates You can save the autorecoding scheme in a template file and then ap
199. command pasted from dialog boxes 170 171 export data 24 exporting models 149 exporting charts 123 129 231 automated production 231 exporting data 207 adding menu items to export data 207 exporting output 123 127 128 Excel format 123 126 242 HTML 124 HTML format 123 OMS 239 PDF format 123 127 242 PowerPoint format 123 text format 242 web report 125 Word format 123 125 242 extension bundles creating extension bundles 185 downloading extension bundles 191 installing extension bundles 188 viewing installed extension bundles 191 extension commands custom dialogs 226 F fast pivot tables 200 file information 24 file locations controlling default file locations 202 file transformations 108 aggregating data 104 merging data files 101 102 restructuring data 108 sorting cases 99 split file processing 105 transposing variables and cases 101 weighting cases 107 files 121 adding a text file to the Viewer 121 opening 9 filtered cases 61 in Data Editor 61 find and replace Viewer documents 122 fixed format 17 fonts 61 121 141 in Data Editor 61 in the outline pane 121 footers 130 footnotes 139 141 142 143 charts 175 markers 139 renumbering 142 freefield format 17 functions 82 missing value treatment 82 G GET DATA 38 versus DATA LIST command 38 versus GET CAPTURE command 38 GGRAPH converting IGRAPH to GGRAPH 261 grid lines 143 pivot tables 143 group labels 134 grouping rows or colu
200. con on the Outlining toolbar The open book Show icon becomes the active icon indicating that the item is now hidden To hide procedure results 1 Click the box to the left of the procedure name in the outline pane This hides all results from the procedure and collapses the outline view Moving deleting and copying output You can rearrange the results by copying moving or deleting an item or a group of items To move output in the Viewer 1 Select the items in the outline or contents pane 2 Drag and drop the selected items into a different location 119 To delete output in the Viewer 1 Select the items in the outline or contents pane 2 Press the Delete key or 3 From the menus choose Edit gt Delete Changing initial alignment By default all results are initially left aligned To change the initial alignment of new output items 1 From the menus choose Edit gt Options 2 Click the Viewer tab 3 In the Initial Output State group select the item type for example pivot table chart text output 4 Select the alignment option you want Changing alignment of output items 1 In the outline or contents pane select the items that you want to align 2 From the menus choose Format gt Align Left or Format gt Center or Format gt Align Right Viewer outline The outline pane provides a table of contents of the Viewer document You can use the outline pane to navigate through your results and
201. control the display Most actions in the outline pane have a corresponding effect on the contents pane e Selecting an item in the outline pane displays the corresponding item in the contents pane e Moving an item in the outline pane moves the corresponding item in the contents pane e Collapsing the outline view hides the results from all items in the collapsed levels Controlling the outline display To control the outline display you can e Expand and collapse the outline view e Change the outline level for selected items e Change the size of items in the outline display e Change the font that is used in the outline display To collapse and expand the outline view 1 Click the box to the left of the outline item that you want to collapse or expand or 2 Click the item in the outline 3 From the menus choose View gt Collapse or View gt Expand 120 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide To change the outline level 1 Click the item in the outline pane 2 Click the left arrow on the Outlining toolbar to promote the item move the item to the left or Click the right arrow on the Outlining toolbar to demote the item move the item to the right or 3 From the menus choose Edit gt Outline gt Promote or Edit gt Outline gt Demote Changing the outline level is particularly useful after you move items in the outline level Moving items can change the outline level of the items and you can use the le
202. cs 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 16 Scoring data with predictive models The process of applying a predictive model to a set of data is referred to as scoring the data IBM SPSS Statistics has procedures for building predictive models such as regression clustering tree and neural network models Once a model has been built the model specifications can be saved in a file that contains all of the information necessary to reconstruct the model You can then use that model file to generate predictive scores in other datasets Note Some procedures produce a model XML file and some procedures produce a compressed file archive zip file Example The direct marketing division of a company uses results from a test mailing to assign propensity scores to the rest of their contact database using various demographic characteristics to identify contacts most likely to respond and make a purchase Scoring is treated as a transformation of the data The model is expressed internally as a set of numeric transformations to be applied to a given set of fields variables the predictors specified in the model in order to obtain a predicted result In this sense the process of scoring data with a given model is inherently the same as applying any function such as a square root function to a set of data The scoring process consists of two basic steps 1 Build the model and save the model file You build the model using a dataset for which the o
203. d be placed in the extensions directory under the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory For Mac the XML and code files should be placed in the Library Application Support IBM SPSS Statistics 22 extensions directory e For Windows and Linux if you do not have write permissions to the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory or would like to store the XML file and the implementation code elsewhere you can specify one or more alternate locations by defining the SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH environment variable When present the paths specified in SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH take precedence over the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory Note that Mac users may also utilize the SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH environment variable For multiple locations separate each with a semicolon on Windows and a colon on Linux and Mac To create the SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH environment variable on Windows follow the same general steps used to create the SPSS CDIALOGS _PATH variable See the section on Installing a Custom Dialog To view the samen igeations for man Oe run the following command syntax SHOW EXTPATHS e For an extension command implemented in Python you can always store the associated Python module s to a location on the Python search path such as the Python site packages directory Note To use a new extension command restart IBM SPSS Statistics Creating Localized Versions of Custom Dialogs You can create localized versions of custom dialogs for an
204. d and re enter it in the Confirm password text box Passwords are limited to 10 characters and are case sensitive D Warning Passwords cannot be recovered if they are lost If the password is lost the file cannot be opened Creating strong passwords e Use eight or more characters e Include numbers symbols and even punctuation in your password e Avoid sequences of numbers or characters such as 123 and abc and avoid repetition such as lilaaa e Do not create passwords that use personal information such as birthdays or nicknames e Periodically change the password Note Storing encrypted files to an IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository is not supported Modifying encrypted files e If you open an encrypted file make modifications to it and choose File gt Save the modified file will be saved with the same password e You can change the password on an encrypted file by opening the file repeating the steps for encrypting it and specifying a different password in the Encrypt File dialog box e You can save an unencrypted version of an encrypted file by opening the file choosing File gt Save As and deselecting Encrypt file with password in the Save Data As dialog box Note Encrypted data files and output documents cannot be opened in versions of IBM SPSS Statistics prior to version 21 Encrypted syntax files cannot be opened in versions prior to version 22 Exporting to a Database You can us
205. d data sources in distributed analysis mode see your system administrator An ODBC data source consists of two essential pieces of information the driver that will be used to access the data and the location of the database you want to access To specify data sources you must have the appropriate drivers installed Drivers for a variety of database formats are included with the installation media Some data sources may require a login ID and password before you can proceed to the next step Choosing How to Export the Data After you select the data source you indicate the manner in which you want to export the data The following choices are available for exporting data to a database e Replace values in existing fields Replaces values of selected fields in an existing table with values from the selected variables in the active dataset See the topic for more information e Add new fields to an existing table Creates new fields in an existing table that contain the values of selected variables in the active dataset See the tope Adding New Fields on page 34 for more information This option is not available for Excel files e Append new records to an existing table Adds new records rows to an existing table containing the values from cases in the active dataset See the topic Appending New Records Cases on page 34 for more information e Drop an existing table and create a new table of the same name Deletes the spec
206. d name of a new script 3 Browse to the location where the new script will be stored enter a file name and click Open The editor for the default script language opens You_can change the default script language from the Scripts tab on the Options dialog See the topic Script options on page 203 for more information 4 Type the code For help with converting custom Sax Basic autoscripts used in pre 16 0 versions see Compatibility with Versions Prior to 16 0 on page 255 Note By default the executable associated with the default script language will be used to run the autoscript You can change the executable from the Scripts tab in the Options dialog 252 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide If the selected object is already associated with an autoscript the script is opened in the script editor associated with the language in which the script is written Associating Existing Scripts with Viewer Objects You can use existing scripts as autoscripts by associating them with a selected object in the Viewer for instance a frequency table 1 In the Viewer select an object to associate with an autoscript multiple Viewer objects can trigger the same autoscript but each object can only be associated with a single autoscript 2 From the menus choose Utilities gt Associate AutoScript If the selected object does not have an associated autoscript the Select Autoscript dialog opens 3 Browse for the scr
207. d of the command is optional This setting is compatible with the syntax rules for command files included with the INCLUDE command Note Do not use the Batch option if your syntax files contain GGRAPH command syntax that includes GPL statements GPL statements will only run under interactive rules Error Processing Controls the treatment of error conditions in the job e Continue processing after errors Errors in the job do not automatically stop command processing The commands in the production job files are treated as part of the normal command stream and command processing continues in the normal fashion e Stop processing immediately Command processing stops when the first error in a production job file is encountered This is compatible with the behavior of command files included with the INCLUDE command Output These options control the name location and format of the production job results The following format options are available e Viewer file spv Results are saved in IBM SPSS Statistics Viewer format in the specified file location You can store to disk or to an IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository Storing to an IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository requires the Statistics Adapter e Web Reports spw Results are stored to an IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository This requires the Statistics Adapter e Word RTF Pivot tables are exported as Word tabl
208. d optional value labels for each bin e Value The values that define the upper endpoints of each bin You can enter values or use Make Cutpoints to automatically create bins based on selected criteria By default a cutpoint with a value of HIGH is automatically included This bin will contain any nonmissing values above the other cutpoints The bin defined by the lowest cutpoint will include all nonmissing values lower than or equal to that value or simply lower than that value depending on how you define upper endpoints e Label Optional descriptive labels for the values of the new binned variable Since the values of the new variable will simply be sequential integers from 1 to n labels that describe what the values represent can be very useful You can enter labels or use Make Labels to automatically create value labels To Delete a Bin from the Grid 76 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 1 Right click either the Value or Label cell for the bin 2 From the pop up menu select Delete Row Note If you delete the HIGH bin any cases with values higher than the last specified cutpoint value will be assigned the system missing value for the new variable To Delete All Labels or Delete All Defined Bins 1 Right click anywhere in the grid 2 From the pop up menu select either Delete All Labels or Delete All Cutpoints Upper Endpoints Controls treatment of upper endpoint values entered in the Value column of the grid
209. d variables identifies unlabeled values and provides an auto label feature This method is particularly useful for categorical variables that use numeric codes to represent categories for example 0 Male 1 Female To display or define variable attributes Ie 2 3 4 Make the Data Editor the active window Double click a variable name at the top of the column in Data View or click the Variable View tab To define new variables enter a variable name in any blank row Select the attribute s that you want to define or modify Variable names The following rules apply to variable names Each variable name must be unique duplication is not allowed Variable names can be up to 64 bytes long and the first character must be a letter or one of the characters or Subsequent characters can be any combination of letters numbers nonpunctuation characters and a period In code page mode sixty four bytes typically means 64 characters in single byte languages for example English French German Spanish Italian Hebrew Russian Greek Arabic and Thai and 32 characters in double byte languages for example Japanese Chinese and Korean Many string characters that only take one byte in code page mode take two or more bytes in Unicode mode For example is one byte in code page format but is two bytes in Unicode format so r sum is six bytes in a code page file and eight bytes in Unicode mode Note Letters incl
210. d variables Command_ Subtype_ and Label_ are not removed e If more than one element is in the column dimension variable names are constructed by combining category labels with underscores between category labels Group labels are not included For example if VarB is nested under VarA in the columns you would get variables like CatA1_CatB1 not VarA_CatA1_VarB_CatB1 OXML table structure Output XML OXML is XML that conforms to the spss output schema For a detailed description of the schema see the Output Schema section of the Help system e OMS command and subtype identifiers are used as values of the command and subType attributes in OXML An example is as follows lt command text Frequencies command Frequencies gt lt pivotTable text Gender label Gender subType Frequencies gt e OMS command and subType attribute values are not affected by output language or display settings for variable names labels or values value labels e XML is case sensitive A subType attribute value of frequencies is not the same as a subType attribute value of Frequencies 246 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e All information that is displayed in a table is contained in attribute values in OXML At the individual cell level OXML consists of empty elements that contain attributes but no content other than the content that is contained in attribute values e Table structure in OXML is represented ro
211. data there is one variable group width and one factor time Width was measured three times and recorded in w1 w2 and w3 Table 16 Current data for one index subject wl w2 w3 1 6 7 4 3 5 7 2 7 1 5 9 5 6 112 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide We ll restructure the variable group into a single variable width and create a single numeric index The new data are shown in the following table Table 17 New restructured data with one index subject index width 6 7 4 3 5 7 ZA 5 9 5 6 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 Index starts with 1 and increments for each variable in the group It restarts each time a new row is encountered in the original file We can now use index in procedures that require a grouping variable Example of Two Indices for Variables to Cases When a variable group records more than one factor you can create more than one index however the current data must be arranged so that the levels of the first factor are a primary index within which the levels of subsequent factors cycle In the current data there is one variable group width and two factors A and B The data are arranged so that levels of factor B cycle within levels of factor A Table 18 Current data for two indices subject w_alb1 w_alb2 w_a2b1 w_a2b2 1 5 5 6 4 5 8 5 9 2 7 4 ZA 5 6 6 7 We ll restructure the variable group into a single variable w
212. dataset that are not present in the other dataset the value is 1 e The default name of the new field is CasesCompare You can specify a different field name The name must conform to field variable naming rules See the topic Variable names on page 48 for more information Copy matched cases to a new dataset Creates a new dataset that contains only cases records from the active dataset that have matching values in the other dataset The dataset name must conform to field variable naming rules If the dataset already exists it will be overwritten Copy mismatched cases to a new dataset Creates a new dataset that contains only cases from the active dataset that have different values in the other dataset The dataset name must conform to field variable naming rules If the dataset already exists it will be overwritten Chapter 3 Data files 37 Limit the case by case table For cases records in the active dataset that also exist in the other dataset and also have the same basic type numeric or string in both datasets the case by case table provides details on the mismatched values for each case By default the table is limited to the first 100 mismatches You can specify a different value or deselect clear this item to include all mismatches Protecting original data To prevent the accidental modification or deletion of your original data you can mark the file as read only 1 From the Data Editor menus choose File
213. dd aggregated variables to active dataset New variables based on aggregate functions are added to the active dataset The data file itself is not aggregated Each case with the same value s of the break variable s receives the same values for the new aggregate variables e Create a new dataset containing only the aggregated variables Saves aggregated data to a new dataset in the current session The dataset includes the break variables that define the aggregated cases and all aggregate variables defined by aggregate functions The active dataset is unaffected 104 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e Write a new data file containing only the aggregated variables Saves aggregated data to an external data file The file includes the break variables that define the aggregated cases and all aggregate variables defined by aggregate functions The active dataset is unaffected Sorting Options for Large Data Files For very large data files it may be more efficient to aggregate presorted data File is already sorted on break variable s If the data have already been sorted by values of the break variables this option enables the procedure to run more quickly and use less memory Use this option with caution e Data must by sorted by values of the break variables in the same order as the break variables specified for the Aggregate Data procedure e If you are adding variables to the active dataset select this option only if the data
214. der percent 25 50 75 bar are both acceptable alternatives that generate the same results INCLUDE Files For command files run via the INCLUDE command batch mode syntax rules apply The following rules apply to command specifications in batch mode e All commands in the command file must begin in column 1 You can use plus or minus signs in the first column if you want to indent the command specification to make the command file more readable e If multiple lines are used for a command column 1 of each continuation line must be blank e Command terminators are optional e A line cannot exceed 256 characters any additional characters are truncated Unless you have existing command files that already use the INCLUDE command you should probably use the INSERT command instead since it can accommodate command files that conform to either set of rules If you generate command syntax by pasting dialog box choices into a syntax window the format of the commands is suitable for any mode of operation See the Command Syntax Reference available in PDF format from the Help menu for more information Pasting Syntax from Dialog Boxes The easiest way to build a command syntax file is to make selections in dialog boxes and paste the syntax for the selections into a syntax window By pasting the syntax at each step of a lengthy analysis you can build a job file that allows you to repeat the analysis at a later date or run an automated j
215. determined by your Options settings and is configurable from the Edit menu choose Options and click the Data tab e Dashes periods commas slashes or blanks can be used as delimiters in day month year formats e Months can be represented in digits Roman numerals or three character abbreviations and they can be fully spelled out Three letter abbreviations and fully spelled out month names must be in English month names in other languages are not recognized Duration variables Duration variables have a format representing a time duration such as hh mm They are stored internally as seconds without reference to a particular date e In time specifications applies to date time and duration variables colons can be used as delimiters between hours minutes and seconds Hours and minutes are required but seconds are optional A period is required to separate seconds from fractional seconds Hours can be of unlimited magnitude but the maximum value for minutes is 59 and for seconds is 59 999 Current date and time The system variable TIME holds the current date and time It represents the number of seconds from October 14 1582 to the date and time when the transformation command that uses it is executed Create a Date Time Variable from a String To create a date time variable from a string variable 1 Select Create a date time variable from a string containing a date or time on the introduction screen of the Date and Time Wiza
216. double click the table in the Viewer 2 From the menus choose View gt Show All or 3 If the pivoting trays aren t displayed from the menus choose Pivot gt Pivoting Trays The element labels are dispalyed in the pivoting trays Logging You can record OMS activity in a log in XML or text format 244 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e The log tracks all new OMS requests for the session but does not include OMS requests that were already active before you requested a log e The current log file ends if you specify a new log file or if you deselect clear Log OMS activity How to specify OMS logging To specify OMS logging 1 Click Logging in the Output Management System Control Panel Excluding output display from the viewer The Exclude from Viewer check box affects all output that is selected in the OMS request by suppressing the display of that output in the Viewer window This process is often useful for production jobs that generate a lot of output and when you don t need the results in the form of a Viewer document spv file You can also use this functionality to suppress the display of particular output objects that you simply never want to see without routing any other output to some external file and format To suppress the display of certain output objects without routing other output to an external file 1 Create an OMS request that identifies the unwanted output 2 Select Exclude from Viewer
217. dual family members such as sex age education and the other file contains overall family information such as total income family size location you can use the file of family data as a table lookup file and apply the common family data to each individual family member in the merged data file 1 Open at least one of the data files that you want to merge If you have multiple datasets open make one of the datasets that you want to merge the active dataset 2 From the menus choose Data gt Merge Files gt Add Variables 3 Select the dataset or external IBM SPSS Statistics data file to merge with the active dataset To Select Key Variables 1 Select the variables from the external file variables on the Excluded Variables list 2 Select Match cases on key variables in sorted files 3 Add the variables to the Key Variables list The key variables must exist in both the active dataset and the other dataset Add Variables Rename You can rename variables from either the active dataset or the other data file before moving them to the list of variables to be included in the merged data file This is primarily useful if you want to include two variables with the same name that contain different information in the two files or if a key variable has different names in the two files Merging More Than Two Data Sources Using command syntax you can merge more than two data files Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations 1
218. e Example CODEBOOK gender jobcat salary VARINFO VALUELABELS MISSING OPTIONS VARORDER MEASURE e The name of the command is CODEBOOK e VARINFO and OPTIONS are subcommands e VALUELABELS MISSING and VARORDER are keywords e MEASURE is a keyword value associated with VARORDER Auto Completion The Syntax Editor provides assistance in the form of auto completion of commands subcommands keywords and keyword values By default you are prompted with a context sensitive list of available terms as you type Pressing Enter or Tab will insert the currently highlighted item in the list at the position of the cursor You can display the list on demand by pressing Ctrl Spacebar and you can close the list by pressing the Esc key The Auto Complete menu item on the Tools menu toggles the automatic display of the auto complete list on or off You can also enable or disable automatic display of the list from the Syntax Editor tab in the Options dialog box Toggling the Auto Complete menu item overrides the setting on the Options dialog but does not persist across sessions Note The auto completion list will close if a space is entered For commands consisting of multiple words such as ADD FILES select the command before entering any spaces Color Coding The Syntax Editor color codes recognized elements of command syntax such as commands and subcommands as well as various syntactical errors like unmatched quotes or parentheses Unrecogni
219. e Title An optional title for the group If omitted the group border is not displayed For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks Checkbox Title An optional label that is displayed with the controlling check box Supports n to specify line breaks ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control Mnemonic Key An optional character in the title to use as a keyboard shortcut to the control The character appears underlined in the title The shortcut is activated by pressing Alt mnemonic key The Mnemonic Key property is not supported on Mac Default Value The default state of the controlling check box checked or unchecked Checked Unchecked Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated when the control is checked and when it is unchecked To include the command syntax in the syntax template use the value of the Identifier property The generated syntax whether from the Checked Syntax or Unchecked Syntax property will be inserted at the specified position s of the identifier For example if the identifier is checkboxgroup1 then at run time instances of checkboxgroup1 in the syntax template will be replaced by the value of the Checked Syntax property when the box is checked and the Unchecked Syntax property when the box is unchecked e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks e You can include identifiers for any controls contained in the
220. e variables are simple integers representing the number of days weeks hours and so on from a user specified starting point Internally most date format variables are stored as the number of seconds from October 14 1582 Create Time Series The Create Time Series dialog box allows you to create new variables based on functions of existing numeric time series variables These transformed values are useful in many time series analysis procedures Default new variable names are the first six characters of the existing variable used to create it followed by an underscore and a sequential number For example for the variable price the new variable name would be price_1 The new variables retain any defined value labels from the original variables Available functions for creating time series variables include differences moving averages running medians lag and lead functions To Create New Time Series Variables 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Create Time Series 2 Select the time series function that you want to use to transform the original variable s Chapter 8 Data Transformations 95 3 Select the variable s from which you want to create new time series variables Only numeric variables can be used Optionally you can e Enter variable names to override the default new variable names e Change the function for a selected variable Time Series Transformation Functions Difference Nonseasonal difference between
221. e you cannot modify a derived field add fields to a view or replace a view e Synonyms A synonym is an alias for a table or view typically defined in a query 32 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e System tables System tables define database properties In some cases standard database tables may be classified as system tables and will be displayed only if you select this option Access to real system tables is often restricted to database administrators Selecting Cases to Export Case selection in the Export to Database Wizard is limited either to all cases or to cases selected using a previously defined filter condition If no case filtering is in effect this panel will not appear and all cases in the active dataset will be exported For information on defining a filter condition for case selection see Select cases on page 106 Matching Cases to Records When adding fields columns to an existing table or replacing the values of existing fields you need to make sure that each case row in the active dataset is correctly matched to the corresponding record in the database e In the database the field or set of fields that uniquely identifies each record is often designated as the primary key e You need to identify which variable s correspond to the primary key field s or other fields that uniquely identify each record e The fields don t have to be the primary key in the database but the field value
222. e To specify multiple elements from multiple dimensions separate each dimension with a space for example R1 C2 e The dimension letter followed by ALL indicates all elements in that dimension in their default order For example CALL is the same as the default behavior using all column elements in their default order to create columns e CALL RALL LALL or RALL CALL LALL and so on will put all dimension elements into the columns For IBM SPSS Statistics data file format this creates one row case per table in the data file List of dimension names As an alternative to positional arguments you can use dimension element names which are the text labels that appear in the table For example a simple two dimensional crosstabulation contains a single row dimension element and a single column dimension element each with labels based on the variables in those dimensions plus a single layer dimension element labeled Statistics if English is the output language e Dimension element names may vary based on the output language and or settings that affect the display of variable names and or labels in tables e Each dimension element name must be enclosed in single or double quotation marks To specify multiple dimension element names include a space between each quoted name The labels that are associated with the dimension elements may not always be obvious To see all dimension elements and their labels for a pivot table 1 Activate
223. e Variable name field and the path s in the Variable value field Windows Vista or Windows 7 1 Select User Accounts 2 Select Change my environment variables 3 Click New enter the name of the environment variable for instance SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH in the Variable name field and the path s in the Variable value field To view the current locations for extension bundles the same locations as for extension commands and custom dialogs run the following command syntax SHOW EXTPATHS Important For users of Windows Vista and later versions of Windows installing an updated version of an existing extension bundle might require running IBM SPSS Statistics with administrator privileges You can start IBM SPSS Statistics with administrator privileges by right clicking the icon for IBM SPSS Statistics and choosing Run as administrator In particular if you receive an error message that states that one or more extension bundles could not be installed then try running with administrator privileges Chapter 17 Utilities 189 Required R packages The extension bundle installer attempts to download and install any R packages that are required by the extension bundle and not found on your machine If you do not have internet access you will need to obtain the necessary packages from someone who does Packages can be downloaded from ies rupee on ead then installed from within R For details see the R Installation and Administration guide distr
224. e active dataset was created from a IBM SPSS Data Collection data source e The new metadata file is created by merging the original metadata attributes with metadata attributes for any new variables plus any changes to original variables that might affect their metadata attributes for example addition of or changes to value labels Chapter 3 Data files 35 e For original variables read from the IBM SPSS Data Collection data source any metadata attributes not recognized by IBM SPSS Statistics are preserved in their original state For example IBM SPSS Statistics converts grid variables to regular IBM SPSS Statistics variables but the metadata that defines these grid variables is preserved when you save the new metadata file e If any IBM SPSS Data Collection variables were automatically renamed to conform to IBM SPSS Statistics variable naming rules the metadata file maps the converted names back to the original IBM SPSS Data Collection variable names The presence or absence of value labels can affect the metadata attributes of variables and consequently the way those variables are read by IBM SPSS Data Collection applications If value labels have been defined for any nonmissing values of a variable they should be defined for all nonmissing values of that variable otherwise the unlabeled values will be dropped when the data file is read by IBM SPSS Data Collection This feature is only available with IBM SPSS Statistics installed on
225. e and the value label for the counted value is different for each variable e Use variable label as set label If you select Label of counted values you can also use the variable label for the first variable in the set with a defined variable label as the set label If none of the variables in the set have defined variable labels the name of the first variable in the set is used as the set label 70 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Copy Data Properties Copying Data Properties The Copy Data Properties Wizard provides the ability to use an external IBM SPSS Statistics data file as a template for defining file and variable properties in the active dataset You can also use variables in the active dataset as templates for other variables in the active dataset You can e Copy selected file properties from an external data file or open dataset to the active dataset File properties include documents file labels multiple response sets variable sets and weighting e Copy selected variable properties from an external data file or open dataset to matching variables in the active dataset Variable properties include value labels missing values level of measurement variable labels print and write formats alignment and column width in the Data Editor e Copy selected variable properties from one variable in either an external data file open dataset or the active dataset to many variables in the active dataset e Create ne
226. e displayed for all variables with 24 or fewer unique values Summary statistics are determined by variable measurement level and data type numeric or string e String No summary statistics are calculated for string variables e Numeric nominal or unknown measurement level Range minimum maximum mode e Numeric ordinal measurement level Range minimum maximum mode mean median e Numeric continuous scale measurement level Range minimum maximum mode mean median standard deviation You can also obtain bar charts for nominal and ordinal variables histograms for continuous scale variables and_change the cut off value that determines when to display frequency tables See the topic Output options on page 198 for more information 60 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Case selection status in the Data Editor If you have selected a subset of cases but have not discarded unselected cases unselected cases are marked in the Data Editor with a diagonal line slash through the row number Figure 1 Filtered cases in the Data Editor Data Editor display options The View menu provides several display options for the Data Editor Fonts This option controls the font characteristics of the data display Grid Lines This option toggles the display of grid lines Value Labels This option toggles between the display of actual data values and user defined descriptive value labels This option is a
227. e displayed with an embedded E and a signed power of 10 exponent The Data Editor accepts numeric values for such variables with or without an exponent The exponent can be preceded by E or D with an optional sign or by the sign alone for example 123 1 23E2 1 23D2 1 23E 2 and 1 2342 Date A numeric variable whose values are displayed in one of several calendar date or clock time formats Select a format from the list You can enter dates with slashes hyphens periods commas or blank spaces as delimiters The century range for two digit year values is determined by your Options settings from the Edit menu choose Options and then click the Data tab Dollar A numeric variable displayed with a leading dollar sign commas delimiting every three places and a period as the decimal delimiter You can enter data values with or without the leading dollar sign Custom currency A numeric variable whose values are displayed in one of the custom currency formats that you have defined on the Currency tab of the Options dialog box Defined custom currency characters cannot be used in data entry but are displayed in the Data Editor String A variable whose values are not numeric and therefore are not used in calculations The values can contain any characters up to the defined length Uppercase and lowercase letters are considered distinct This type is also known as an alphanumeric variable Restricted numeric A variable whose values are rest
228. e following controls can be nested under a radio button check box text static text number combo box list box and file browser Default Specifies whether the radio button is the default selection Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated when the radio button is selected e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks e For radio buttons containing nested controls the value ThisValue generates a blank separated list of the syntax generated by each nested control in the order in which they appear under the radio button top to bottom You can add a new radio button in the blank line at the bottom of the existing list Entering any of the properties other than the identifier will generate a unique identifier which you can keep or modify You can delete a radio button by clicking on the Identifier cell for the button and pressing delete Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 223 Check Box Group The Check Box Group control is a container for a set of controls that are enabled or disabled as a group by a single check box The following types of controls can be contained in a Check Box Group check box combo box text control number control static text radio group and file browser The Check Box Group control has the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control This is the identifier to use when referencing the control in the syntax templat
229. e for the target variable is always replaced e If either the source or target variable has a defined range of missing values missing values definitions are not copied Setting measurement level for variables with unknown measurement level For some procedures measurement level can affect the results or determine which features are available and you cannot access the dialogs for these procedures until all variables have a defined measurement level The Set Measurement Level for Unknown dialog allows you to define measurement level for any variables with an unknown measurement level without performing a data pass which may be time consuming for large data files Under certain conditions the measurement level for some or all numeric variables fields in a file may be unknown These conditions include e Numeric variables from Excel 95 or later files text data files or data base sources prior to the first data pass e New numeric variables created with transformation commands prior to the first data pass after creation of those variables 68 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide These conditions apply primarily to reading data or creating new variables via command syntax Dialogs for reading data and creating new transformed variables automatically perform a data pass that sets the measurement level based on the default measurement level rules To set the measurement level for variables with an unknown measurement level 1
230. e not logged on to a IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository you will be prompted for connection information 13 Select one or more available servers and click OK The servers will now appear in the Server Login dialog box 14 To connect to one of the servers follow the instructions To switch to another server 42 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Searching for Available Servers Use the Search for Servers dialog box to select one or more servers that are available on your network This dialog box appears when you click Search on the Server Login dialog box Select one or more servers and click OK to add them to the Server Login dialog box Although you can manually add servers in the Server Login dialog box searching for available servers lets you connect to servers without requiring that you know the correct server name and port number This information is automatically provided However you still need the correct logon information such as user name domain and password Opening Data Files from a Remote Server In distributed analysis mode the Open Remote File dialog box replaces the standard Open File dialog box e The contents of the list of available files folders and drives depends on what is available on or from the remote server The current server name is indicated at the top of the dialog box e In distributed analysis mode you will not have access to files on your local compute
231. e of the follow options from the submenu e Name or Value Only variable names or values are displayed Descriptive labels are not displayed e Label Only descriptive labels are displayed Variable names or values are not displayed e Both Both names or values and descriptive labels are displayed Note This feature is not available for legacy tables See the topic Legacy tables on page 145 for more information To control the_default label display for pivot tables and other output objects use Edit gt Options gt Output See the topic Output options on page 198 for more information Chapter 11 Pivot tables 135 Changing the output language To change the output language in a pivot table 1 Activate the table 2 From the menus choose View gt Language 3 Select one of the available languages Changing the language affects only text generated by the application such as table titles row and column labels and footnote text Variable names and descriptive variable and value labels are not affected Note This feature is not available for legacy tables See the topic Legacy tables on page 145 for more information To control the default language for pivot tables and other output objects use Edit gt Options gt General See the topic General options on page 193 for more information Navigating large tables To use the navigation window to navigate large tables 1 Activate the table 2 From the me
232. e output language whereas the command attribute value remains the same regardless of output language e Wherever variables or values of variables are used in row or column labels the XML will contain a text attribute and one or more additional attribute values An example is as follows lt dimension axis row text Gender label Gender varName gender gt lt category text Female label Female string f varName gender gt e For a numeric variable there would be a number attribute instead of a string attribute The label attribute is present only if the variable or values have defined labels e The lt cell gt elements that contain cell values for numbers will contain the text attribute and one or more additional attribute values An example is as follows lt cell text 45 6 number 45 569620253165 decimals 1 gt The number attribute is the actual unrounded numeric value and the decimals attribute indicates the number of decimal positions that are displayed in the table e Because columns are nested within rows the category element that identifies each column is repeated for each row For example because the statistics are displayed in the columns the element lt category text Frequency gt appears three times in the XML once for the male row once for the female row and once for the total row OMS identifiers The OMS Identifiers dialog box is designed to assist you in writing OMS command syntax You can use
233. e parts of the final date time variable you re creating Variables that make up the parts of the new date time variable must be integers The Chapter 8 Data Transformations 91 exception is the allowed use of an existing date time variable as the Seconds part of the new variable Since fractional seconds are allowed the variable used for Seconds is not required to be an integer e Values for any part of the new variable that are not within the allowed range result in a value of system missing for the new variable For instance if you inadvertently use a variable representing day of month for Month any cases with day of month values in the range 14 31 will be assigned the system missing value for the new variable since the valid range for months in IBM SPSS Statistics is 1 13 Specify Date Time Variable Created by Merging Variables 1 Enter a name for the Result Variable This cannot be the name of an existing variable 2 Select a date time format from the Output Format list Optionally you can e Assign a descriptive variable label to the new variable Add or Subtract Values from Date Time Variables To add or subtract values from date time variables 1 Select Calculate with dates and times on the introduction screen of the Date and Time Wizard Select Type of Calculation to Perform with Date Time Variables e Add or subtract a duration from a date Use this option to add to or subtract from a date format variable You can add or subt
234. e path to a folder containing extension bundles or you can specify a list of filenames of extension bundles If you specify a folder all extension bundles files of type spe found in the folder will be installed Separate multiple filenames with one or more spaces Enclose paths with double quotes if they contain spaces Note When running installextbundles sh on IBM SPSS Statistics Server for UNIX the Bash shell must be present on the server machine 190 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Viewing installed extension bundles To view details for the extension bundles installed on your machine 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt View Installed Extension Bundles 2 Click the highlighted text in the Summary column for the extension bundle The Extension Bundle Details dialog box displays the information provided by the author of the extension bundle In addition to required information such as Summary Description and Version the author may have included URL s to locations of relevance such as the author s home page If the extension bundle was downloaded from the Download Extension Bundles dialog then it includes terms of use that can be viewed by clicking View terms of use Components The Components group lists the custom dialog if any and the names of any extension commands included in the extension bundle Extension commands included with the bundle can be run from the syntax editor in t
235. e scriptContext GetOutputItem gets the output item an ISpssItem object that triggered the autoscript e The object returned by scriptContext GetOutputItem is not activated If your script requires an activated object you ll need to activate it as done in this example with the ActivateTable method When you re finished with any table manipulations call the Deactivate method For version 16 0 there is no distinction between scripts that are run as autoscripts and scripts that aren t run_as autoscripts Any script appropriately coded can be used in either context See the topic scriptContext Object for more information Note To trigger a script from the application creation event see Startup Scripts on page 258 Script Editor For version 16 0 and above the script editor for Basic no longer supports the following pre 16 0 features e The Script Analyze Graph Utilities and Add Ons menus e The ability to paste command syntax into a script window The IBM SPSS Statistics Basic Script Editor is a standalone application that is launched from within IBM SPSS Statistics via File gt New gt Script FilesOpen gt Script or Utilities gt Create Edit AutoScript from a Viewer window It allows you to run scripts against the instance of IBM SPSS Statistics from which it was launched Once opened the editor will remain open after exiting IBM SPSS Statistics but scripts that use IBM SPSS Statistics objects will no longer run File Types For
236. e tables When multiple tables are routed to the same data file each table is added to the data file in a fashion that is similar to merging data files by adding cases from one data file to another data file Data menu Merge Files Add Cases e Each subsequent table will always add cases to the data file e If column labels in the tables differ each table may also add variables to the data file with missing values for cases from other tables that don t have an identically labeled column Chapter 22 Output Management System 245 e If any tables do not have the same number of row elements as the other tables no data file will be created The number of rows doesn t have to be the same the number of row elements that become variables in the data file must be the same For example a two variable crosstabulation and a three variable crosstabulation contain different numbers of row elements because the layer variable is actually nested within the row variable in the default three variable crosstabulation display Controlling column elements to control variables in the data file In the Options dialog box of the Output Management System Control Panel you can specify which dimension elements should be in the columns and therefore will be used to create variables in the generated data file This process is equivalent to pivoting the table in the Viewer For example the Frequencies procedure produces a descriptive statistics table with sta
237. e that you want to use for the tool The following image formats are supported BMP PNG GIF JPG e Images should be square Images that are not square are clipped to a square area e Images are automatically scaled to fit For optimal display use 16x16 pixel images for small toolbar images or 32x32 pixel images for large toolbar images Create New Tool Use the Create New Tool dialog box to create custom tools to launch other applications run command syntax files and run script files 208 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs The Custom Dialog Builder allows you to create and manage custom dialogs for generating command syntax Using the Custom Dialog Builder you can e Create your own version of a dialog for a built in IBM SPSS Statistics procedure For example you can create a dialog for the Frequencies procedure that only allows the user to select the set of variables and then generates command syntax with pre set options that standardize the output e Create a user interface that generates command syntax for an extension command Extension commands are user defined IBM SPSS Statistics commands that are implemented in the Python prosrarmning language Or leva See fie topiel Custom Dialogs or Extension Commands onpagd for more information e Open a file containing the specification for a custom dialog perhaps created by another user and add the dialog to your in
238. e the Export to Database Wizard to e Replace values in existing database table fields columns or add new fields to a table e Append new records rows to a database table e Completely replace a database table or create a new table To export data to a database 1 From the menus in the Data Editor window for the dataset that contains the data you want to export choose File gt Export to Database 2 Select the database source 3 Follow the instructions in the export wizard to export the data Creating Database Fields from IBM SPSS Statistics Variables When creating new fields adding fields to an existing database table creating a new table replacing a table you can specify field names data type and width where applicable Field name The default field names are the same as the IBM SPSS Statistics variable names You can change the field names to any names allowed by the database format For example many databases 30 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide allow characters in field names that aren t allowed in variable names including spaces Therefore a variable name like CallWaiting could be changed to the field name Call Waiting Type The export wizard makes initial data type assignments based on the standard ODBC data types or data types allowed by the selected database format that most closely matches the defined IBM SPSS Statistics data format but databases can make type distinctions that have no direc
239. e variable groups by selecting variables in the source list for all available target variables before you can proceed to the next step What should be copied into the new file Variables that aren t restructured can be copied into the new file Their values will be propagated in the new rows Move variables that you want to copy into the new file into the Fixed Variable s list Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Create Index Variables Note The wizard presents this step if you choose to restructure variable groups into rows In this step decide whether to create index variables An index is a new variable that sequentially identifies a row group based on the original variable from which the new row was created How many index variables should be in the new file Index variables can be used as grouping variables in procedures In most cases a single index variable is sufficient however if the variable groups in your current file reflect multiple factor levels multiple indices may be appropriate e One The wizard will create a single index variable e More than one The wizard will create multiple indices and enter the number of indices that you want to create The number that you specify affects the next step in which the wizard automatically creates the specified number of indices e None Select this if you do not want to create index variables in the new file Example of One Index for Variables to Cases In the current
240. e writing system of the operating system The application gets this information from the operating system each time you start the application The locale setting is primarily relevant in code page mode but it can also affect how some characters are rendered in Unicode mode There are a number of important implications for Unicode mode and Unicode files e IBM SPSS Statistics data files and syntax files that are saved in Unicode encoding should not be used in releases of IBM SPSS Statistics before 16 0 For syntax files you can specify the encoding when you save the file For data files you should open the data file in code page mode and then resave it if you want to read the file with earlier versions e When code page data files are read in Unicode mode the defined width of all string variables is tripled To automatically set the width of each string variable to the longest observed value for that variable select Minimize string widths based on observed values in the Open Data dialog box Bidirectional Text If you use a combination of right to left for example Arabic or Hebrew languages and left to right languages for example English select the direction for text flow Individual words will still flow in the correct direction based on the language This option controls only the text flow for complete blocks of text for example all the text that is entered in an edit field e Automatic Text flow is determined by characters that
241. eakpoints gt Clear Breakpoint or Group Note For legacy tables choose Format gt Remove Keep Together All breakpoints and keep together groups are automatically cleared when you pivot or reorder any row or column This behavior does not apply to legacy tables Creating a chart from a pivot table 1 Double click the pivot table to activate it 2 Select the rows columns or cells you want to display in the chart 3 Right click anywhere in the selected area 4 Choose Create Graph from the pop up menu and select a chart type Legacy tables You can choose to render tables as legacy tables referred to as full featured tables in release 19 which are then fully compatible with IBM SPSS Statistics releases prior to 20 Legacy tables may render slowly and are only recommended if compatibility with releases prior to 20 is required For information on how to create legacy tables see Pivot table options on page 200 Chapter 11 Pivot tables 145 146 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 12 Models Some results are presented as models which appear in the output Viewer as a special type of visualization The visualization displayed in the output Viewer is not the only view of the model that is available A single model contains many different views You can activate the model in the Model Viewer and interact with the model directly to display the available model views You can also choose to print and exp
242. ed You can use these scripts as they are or you can customize them to your needs To Create a New Script 1 From the menus choose File gt New gt Script The editor associated with the default script language opens To Run a Script 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Run Script 2 Select the script you want 3 Click Run Python scripts can be run in a number of ways other than from Utilities gt Run Script See the topic To Edit a Script 1 From the menus choose File gt Open gt Script 2 Select the script you want 3 Click Open The script is opened in the editor associated with the language in which the script is written 251 Autoscripts Autoscripts are scripts that run automatically when triggered by the creation of specific pieces of output from selected procedures For example you can use an autoscript to automatically remove the upper diagonal and highlight correlation coefficients below a certain significance whenever a Correlations table is produced by the Bivariate Correlations procedure Autoscripts can be specific to a given procedure and output type or apply to specific output types from different procedures For example you might have an autoscript that formats the ANOVA tables produced by One Way ANOVA as well as ANOVA tables produced by other statistical procedures On the other hand Frequencies produces both a frequency table and a table of statistics and you might choose to have a di
243. ed Title in the outline pane of the Viewer Logs Log text objects Log objects contain certain types of error and warning messages Depending on your Options settings Edit menu Options Viewer tab log objects may also contain the command syntax that is executed during the session Log objects are labeled Log in the outline pane of the Viewer Models Output objects displayed in the Model Viewer A single model object can contain multiple views of the model including both tables and charts Tables Output objects that are pivot tables in the Viewer includes Notes tables Tables are the only output objects that can be routed to IBM SPSS Statistics data file sav format Texts Text objects that aren t logs or headings includes objects labeled Text Output in the outline pane of the Viewer Trees Tree model diagrams that are produced by the Decision Tree option Warnings Warning objects contain certain types of error and warning messages Command identifiers and table subtypes Command identifiers Command identifiers are available for all statistical and charting procedures and any other commands that produce blocks of output with their own identifiable heading in the outline pane of the Viewer These identifiers are usually but not always the same or similar to the procedure names on the menus and dialog box titles which are usually but not always similar to the underlying command names For example the command identifier
244. ed by a small symbol Title Controls the font style size and color for new output titles Page Title Controls the font style size and color for new page titles and page titles that are generated by TITLE and SUBTITLE command syntax or created by New Page Title on the Insert menu Text Output Font that is used for text output Text output is designed for use with a monospaced fixed pitch font If you select a proportional font tabular output does not align properly Default Page Setup Controls the default options for orientation and margins for printing 194 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Data Options Transformation and Merge Options Each time the program executes a command it reads the data file Some data transformations such as Compute and Recode and file transformations such as Add Variables and Add Cases do not require a separate pass of the data and execution of these commands can be delayed until the program reads the data to execute another command such as a statistical or charting procedure e For large data files where reading the data can take some time you may want to select Calculate values before used to delay execution and save processing time When this option is selected the results of transformations you make using dialog boxes such as Compute Variable will not appear immediately in the Data Editor new variables created by transformations will be displayed without any data values and
245. ed source dataset variables to matching active dataset variables Variable properties are copied from one or more selected source variables to matching variables in the active dataset Variables match if both the variable name and type string or numeric are the same For string variables the defined length must also be the same By default only matching variables are displayed in the two variable lists e Create matching variables in the active dataset if they do not already exist This updates the source list to display all variables in the source data file If you select source variables that do not exist in the active dataset based on variable name new variables will be created in the active dataset with the variable names and properties from the source data file If the active dataset contains no variables a blank new dataset all variables in the source data file are displayed and new variables based on the selected source variables are automatically created in the active dataset Chapter 7 Data preparation 71 Apply properties from a single source variable to selected active dataset variables of the same type Variable properties from a single selected variable in the source list can be applied to one or more selected variables in the active dataset list Only variables of the same type numeric or string as the selected variable in the source list are displayed in the active dataset list For string variables only strings of the
246. el see measurement level on page 49 Type Data type as defined in the model The data type in the active dataset must match the data type in the model Data type can be one of the following e String Fields with a data type of string in the active dataset match the data type of string in the model e Numeric Numeric fields with display formats other than date or time formats in the active dataset match the numeric data type in the model This includes F numeric Dollar Dot Comma E scientific notation and custom currency formats Fields with Wkday day of week and Month month of year formats are also considered numeric not dates For some model types date and time fields in the active dataset are also considered a match for the numeric data type in the model e Date Numeric fields with display formats that include the date but not the time in the active dataset match the date type in the model This includes Date dd mm yyyy Adate mm dd yyyy Edate dd mm yyyy Sdate yyyy mm dd and Jdate dddyyyy e Time Numeric fields with display formats that include the time but not the date in the active dataset match the time data type in the model This includes Time hh mm ss and Dtime dd hh mm ss 178 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e Timestamp Numeric fields with a display format that includes both the date and the time in the active dataset match the timestamp data type in the model This corresponds t
247. el by right clicking the variable and choosing an option b If you need to change statistics or modify attributes of the axes or legends such as the scale range click Element Properties 173 c In the Edit Properties Of list select the item you want to change For information about the specific properties click Help d After making any changes click Apply e If you need to add more variables to the chart for example for clustering or paneling click the Groups Point ID tab in the Chart Builder dialog box and select one or more options Then drag categorical variables to the new drop zones that appear on the canvas 4 If you want to transpose the chart for example to make the bars horizontal click the Basic Elements tab and then click Transpose 5 Click OK to create the chart The chart is displayed in the Viewer Editing Charts The Chart Editor provides a powerful easy to use environment where you can customize your charts and explore your data The Chart Editor features e Simple intuitive user interface You can quickly select and edit parts of the chart using menus and toolbars You can also enter text directly on a chart e Wide range of formatting and statistical options You can choose from a full range of styles and statistical options e Powerful exploratory tools You can explore your data in various ways such as by labeling reordering and rotating it You can change chart types and the roles of varia
248. er you can sort the data before reading it into IBM SPSS Statistics You can also sort data after reading it into IBM SPSS Statistics but presorting may save time for large data sources Results The Results step displays the SQL Select statement for your query e You can edit the SQL Select statement before you run the query but if you click the Back button to make changes in previous steps the changes to the Select statement will be lost e To save the query for future use use the Save query to file section e To paste complete GET DATA syntax into a syntax window select Paste it into the syntax editor for further modification Copying and pasting the Select statement from the Results window will not paste the necessary command syntax Note The pasted syntax contains a blank space before the closing quote on each line of SQL that is generated by the wizard These blanks are not superfluous When the command is processed all lines of the SQL statement are merged together in a very literal fashion Without the space there would be no space between the last character on one line and first character on the next line Text Wizard The Text Wizard can read text data files formatted in a variety of ways e Tab delimited files e Space delimited files e Comma delimited files e Fixed field format files For delimited files you can also specify other characters as delimiters between values and you can specify multiple delimiters
249. er use the i switch in batch mode to force the Batch Facility to use interactive syntax rules See the topic Syntax Rules on page 161 for more information Running Command Syntax 1 Highlight the commands that you want to run in the syntax window 2 Click the Run button the right pointing triangle on the Syntax Editor toolbar It runs the selected commands or the command where the cursor is located if there is no selection or 3 Choose one of the items from the Run menu e All Runs all commands in the syntax window honoring any breakpoints e Selection Runs the currently selected commands honoring any breakpoints This includes any partially highlighted commands If there is no selection the command where the cursor is positioned is run e To End Runs all commands starting from the first command in the current selection to the last command in the syntax window honoring any breakpoints If nothing is selected the run starts from the command where the cursor is positioned e Step Through Runs the command syntax one command at a time starting from the first command in the syntax window Step Through From Start or from the command where the cursor is positioned Step Through From Current If there is selected text the run starts from the first command in the selection After a given command has run the cursor advances to the next command and you continue the step through sequence by choosing Continue LOOP END LOOP
250. er of cutpoints plus one For example three cutpoints generate four percentile bins quartiles each containing 25 of the cases e Width Width of each interval expressed as a percentage of the total number of cases For example a value of 33 3 would produce three binned categories two cutpoints each containing 33 3 of the cases If the source variable contains a relatively small number of distinct values or a large number of cases with the same value you may get fewer bins than requested If there are multiple identical values at a cutpoint they will all go into the same interval so the actual percentages may not always be exactly equal Cutpoints at Mean and Selected Standard Deviations Based on Scanned Cases Generates binned categories based on the values of the mean and standard deviation of the distribution of the variable e If you don t select any of the standard deviation intervals two binned categories will be created with the mean as the cutpoint dividing the bins e You can select any combination of standard deviation intervals based on one two and or three standard deviations For example selecting all three would result in eight binned categories six bins in one standard deviation intervals and two bins for cases more than three standard deviations above and below the mean In a normal distribution 68 of the cases fall within one standard deviation of the mean 95 within two standard deviations and 99 wit
251. ers from the OMS Identifiers dialog box method in one respect The copied identifier is not automatically pasted into a command syntax window The identifier is simply copied to the clipboard and you can then paste it anywhere you want Because command and subtype identifier Chapter 22 Output Management System 249 values are identical to the corresponding command and subtype attribute values in Output XML format OXML you might find this copy paste method useful if you write XSLT transformations Copying OMS labels Instead of identifiers you can copy labels for use with the LABELS keyword Labels can be used to differentiate between multiple graphs or multiple tables of the same type in which the outline text reflects some attribute of the particular output object such as the variable names or labels There are however a number of factors that can affect the label text e If split file processing is on split file group identification may be appended to the label e Labels that include information about variables or values are affected by the settings for the display of variable names labels and values value labels in the outline pane Edit menu Options Output Labels tab e Labels are affected by the current output language setting Edit menu Options General tab To copy OMS labels 1 In the outline pane right click the outline entry for the item 2 Choose Copy OMS Label As with command and subtype identifiers the label
252. es id aft bef 1 864 1014 2 636 684 When you run the paired samples t test you can now use bef and aft as the variable pair Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Number of Variable Groups Note The wizard presents this step if you choose to restructure variable groups into rows In this step decide how many variable groups in the current file that you want to restructure in the new file How many variable groups are in the current file Think about how many variable groups exist in the current data A group of related columns called a variable group records repeated measures of the same variable in separate columns For example if you have three columns in the current data w1 w2 and w3 that record width you have one variable group If you have an additional three columns h1 h2 and h3 that record height you have two variable groups How many variable groups should be in the new file Consider how many variable groups you want to have represented in the new data file You do not have to restructure all variable groups into the new file e One The wizard will create a single restructured variable in the new file from one variable group in the current file e More than one The wizard will create multiple restructured variables in the new file The number that you specify affects the next step in which the wizard automatically creates the specified number of new variables Restructure Data
253. es or replace the values of existing variables For new variables you can also specify the variable type and label e You can compute values selectively for subsets of data based on logical conditions e You can use a large variety of built in functions including arithmetic functions statistical functions distribution functions and string functions To Compute Variables 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Compute Variable 2 Type the name of a single target variable It can be an existing variable or a new variable to be added to the active dataset 3 To build an expression either paste components into the Expression field or type directly in the Expression field e You can paste functions or commonly used system variables by selecting a group from the Function group list and double clicking the function or variable in the Functions and Special Variables list or select the function or variable and click the arrow adjacent to the Function group list Fill in any parameters indicated by question marks only applies to functions The function group labeled All provides a listing of all available functions and system variables A brief description of the currently selected function or variable is displayed in a reserved area in the dialog box e String constants must be enclosed in quotation marks or apostrophes e If values contain decimals a period must be used as the decimal indicator e For new string variables you mus
254. es should be located at the root of the folder and not in sub folders They must be manually added to any custom dialog package files you create for the dialog If you have specified alternative locations for installed dialogs using the SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH environment variable then store_any supporting files under the lt Dialog Name gt folder at the appropriate alternate location See the topic Managing Custom Dialogs on page 215 for more information Note When working with a dialog opened from a custom dialog package spd file the Help File property points to a temporary folder associated with the spd file Any modifications to the help file should be made to the copy in the temporary folder Web Deployment Properties Allows you to associate a properties file with this dialog for use in building thin client applications that are deployed over the web Modeless Specifies whether the dialog is modal or modeless When a dialog is modal it must be closed before the user can interact with the main application windows Data Output and Syntax or with other open dialogs Modeless dialogs do not have that constraint The default is modeless Syntax The Syntax property specifies the syntax template used to create the command syntax generated the dialog at run time Click the ellipsis button to open the Syntax Template See the topic Building the Syntax Template on page 212 for more information Required Add Ons Specifie
255. es to legacy tables e Control the placement of row labels which can be in the upper left corner or nested 138 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e Control maximum and minimum column width expressed in points To change general table properties 1 Click the General tab 2 Select the options that you want 3 Click OK or Apply Set rows to display Note This feature only applies to legacy tables By default tables with many rows are displayed in sections of 100 rows To control the number of rows displayed in a table 1 Select Display table by rows 2 Click Set Rows to Display or 3 From the View menu of an activated pivot table choose Display table by rows and Set Rows to Display Rows to display Controls the maximum number of rows to display at one time Navigation controls allow you move to different sections of the table The minimum value is 10 The default is 100 Widow orphan tolerance Controls the maximum number of rows of the inner most row dimension of the table to split across displayed views of the table For example if there are six categories in each group of the inner most row dimension specifying a value of six would prevent any group from splitting across displayed views This setting can cause the total number of rows in a displayed view to exceed the specified maximum number of rows to display Table properties notes The Notes tab of the Table Properties dialog controls footnote
256. es to fit the defined page size To specify row and column breaks for printed pivot tables To specify rows or columns to keep together 1 Select the labels of the rows or columns that you want to keep together Click and drag or Shift click to select multiple row or column labels 2 From the menus choose Format gt Breakpoints gt Keep Together Note For legacy tables choose Format gt Keep Together To view breakpoints and keep together groups You can toggle whether breakpoints and keep together groups are displayed 1 From the menus choose Format gt Breakpoints gt Display Breakpoints 144 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Breakpoints are shown as vertical or horizontal lines Keep together groups appear as greyed out rectangular regions enclosed by a darker border Note Displaying breakpoints and keep together groups is not supported for legacy tables To clear breakpoints and keep together groups To clear a breakpoint 1 Click any cell in the column to the left of a vertical breakpoint or click any cell in the row above a horizontal breakpoint Note For legacy tables you must click a column label or row label cell 2 From the menus choose Format gt Breakpoints gt Clear Breakpoint or Group Note For legacy tables choose Format gt Remove Break Here To clear a keep together group 3 Select the column or row labels that specify the group 4 From the menus choose Format gt Br
257. es with all formatting attributes intact for example cell borders font styles and background colors Text output is exported as formatted RTF Charts tree diagrams and model views are included in PNG format Note Microsoft Word may not display extremely wide tables properly e Excel Pivot table rows columns and cells are exported as Excel rows columns and cells with all formatting attributes intact for example cell borders font styles and background colors Text output is exported with all font attributes intact Each line in the text output is a row in the Excel file with the entire contents of the line contained in a single cell Charts tree diagrams and model views are included in PNG format Output can be exported as Excel 97 2004 or Excel 2007 and higher e HTML Pivot tables are exported as HTML tables Text output is exported as preformatted HTML Charts tree diagrams and model views are embedded in the document in the selected graphic format A browser compatible with HTML 5 is required for viewing output exported in HTML format e Web Report A web report is an interactive document that is compatible with most browsers Many of the interactive features of pivot tables available in the Viewer are also available in web reports You can also export a web report as an IBM Cognos Active Report e Portable Document Format All output is exported as it appears in Print Preview with all formatting attributes intact 232 IBM S
258. estores the affected areas of the table to their default format Apply new formatting Applies the specified format changes Format changes include font style and color background color format for numeric values including dates and times and number of decimals displayed Apply to Specifies the area of the table to which to apply the changes e Cells only Applies changes only to table cells that meet the condition e Entire column Applies changes to the entire column that contains a cell that meet the condition This option includes the column label e Entire row Applies changes to the entire row that contains a cell that meets the condition This option includes the row label 158 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Replace value Replaces values with the specified new value For Cells only this option replaces individual cell values that meet the condition For Entire row and Entire column this option replaces all values in the row or column Chapter 13 Automated Output Modification 159 160 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 14 Working with Command Syntax The powerful command language allows you to save and automate many common tasks It also provides some functionality not found in the menus and dialog boxes Most commands are accessible from the menus and dialog boxes However some commands and options are available only by using the command language The command language also allow
259. f 0 and 1 representing No and Yes respectively All five variables in the list are coded the same way and the value of 1 the code for Yes is the counted value for the multiple dichotomy set Categories A multiple category set consists of multiple variables all coded the same way often with many possible response categories For example a survey item states Name up to three nationalities that best describe your ethnic heritage There may be hundreds of possible responses but for coding purposes the list is limited to the 40 most common nationalities with everything else relegated to an other category In the data file the three choices become three variables each with 41 categories 40 coded nationalities and one other category In the sample data file ethmult and mltcars are multiple category sets Category Label Source For multiple dichotomies you can control how sets are labeled e Variable labels Uses the defined variable labels or variable names for variables without defined variable labels as the set category labels For example if all of the variables in the set have the same value label or no defined value labels for the counted value for example Yes then you should use the variable labels as the set category labels e Labels of counted values Uses the defined value labels of the counted values as set category labels Select this option only if all variables have a defined value label for the counted valu
260. f 0 for unselected cases e Copy selected cases to a new dataset Selected cases are copied to a new dataset leaving the original dataset unaffected Unselected cases are not included in the new dataset and are left in their original state in the original dataset e Delete unselected cases Unselected cases are deleted from the dataset Deleted cases can be recovered only by exiting from the file without saving any changes and then reopening the file The deletion of cases is permanent if you save the changes to the data file Note If you delete unselected cases and save the file the cases cannot be recovered To Select a Subset of Cases 106 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 1 From the menus choose Data gt Select Cases 2 Select one of the methods for selecting cases 3 Specify the criteria for selecting cases Select cases If This dialog box allows you to select subsets of cases using conditional expressions A conditional expression returns a value of true false or missing for each case e If the result of a conditional expression is true the case is included in the selected subset e If the result of a conditional expression is false or missing the case is not included in the selected subset e Most conditional expressions use one or more of the six relational operators lt gt lt gt and on the calculator pad e Conditional expressions can include variable names constant
261. fferent autoscript for each Each output type for a given procedure can only be associated with a single autoscript You can however create a base autoscript that is applied to all new Viewer items prior to the application of any autoscripts for specific output types See the topic Script options on page 203 for more information The Scripts tab in the Options dialog box accessed from the Edit menu displays the autoscripts that have been configured on your system and allows you to set up new autoscripts or modify the settings for existing ones Optionally you can create and configure autoscripts for output items directly from the Viewer Events that Trigger Autoscripts The following events can trigger autoscripts e Creation of a pivot table e Creation of a Notes object e Creation of a Warnings object You can also use a script to trigger an autoscript indirectly For example you could write a script that invokes the Correlations procedure which in turn triggers an autoscript registered to the resulting Correlations table Creating Autoscripts You can create an autoscript by starting with the output object that you want to serve as the trigger for instance a frequency table 1 In the Viewer select the object that will trigger the autoscript 2 From the menus choose Utilities gt Create Edit AutoScript If the selected object does not have an associated autoscript an Open dialog prompts you for the location an
262. file format These formats are available only on Windows operating systems RTF rich text format Multiple selected objects text output and pivot tables can be copied and pasted in RTF format For pivot tables in most applications this means that the tables are pasted as tables that can then be edited in the other application Pivot tables that are too wide for the document width will either be wrapped scaled down to fit the document width or left unchanged depending on the pivot table options settings See the topic Pivot table options on page 200 for more information Note Microsoft Word may not display extremely wide tables properly Image JPG and PNG image formats BIFF Pivot tables and text output can be pasted into a spreadsheet in BIFF format Numbers in pivot tables retain numeric precision This format is available only on Windows operating systems Text Pivot tables and text output can be copied and pasted as text This process can be useful for applications such as e mail where the application can accept or transmit only text If the target application supports multiple available formats it may have a Paste Special menu item that allows you to select the format or it may automatically display a list of available formats Copying and Pasting Multiple Output Objects The following limitations apply when pasting multiple output objects into other applications e RTF format In most applications pivot tables are
263. files A value of Open indicates that the browse dialog validates the existence of the specified file A value of Save indicates that the browse dialog does not validate the existence of the specified file Browser Type Specifies whether the browse dialog is used to select a file Locate File or to select a folder Locate Folder File Filter Click the ellipsis button to open the File Filter dialog box which allows you to specify the available file types for the open or save dialog By default all file types are allowed Note You can also open the File Filter dialog by double clicking the File Browser control on the canvas File System Type In distributed analysis mode this specifies whether the open or save dialog browses the file system on which IBM SPSS Statistics Server is running or the file system of your local computer Select Server to browse the file system of the server or Client to browse the file system of your local computer The property has no effect in local analysis mode Required for execution Specifies whether a value is required in this control in order for execution to proceed If True is specified the OK and Paste buttons will be disabled until a value is specified for this control If False is specified the absence of a value in this control has no effect on the state of the OK and Paste buttons The default is False Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated by this control at run time and can be
264. files 123 PNG files 129 PostScript files 129 TIFF files 129 saving files 24 25 controlling default file locations 202 data files 24 25 database file queries 17 IBM SPSS Statistics data files 24 saving output 123 127 128 Excel format 123 126 HTML 123 124 HTML format 123 PDF format 123 127 PowerPoint format 123 127 text format 123 128 web report 125 Word format 123 125 scale 49 measurement level 49 67 scale variables binning to create categorical variables 75 scaling pivot tables 138 140 scientific notation 49 193 suppressing in output 193 scoring 177 matching dataset fields to model fields 178 merging model and transformation XML files 180 missing values 178 models supported for export and scoring 177 scoring functions 179 scripts 207 208 251 adding to menus 207 autoscripts 252 Basic 255 creating 251 default language 203 251 editing 251 languages 251 Python 253 running 251 running with toolbar buttons 208 startup scripts 258 search and replace Viewer documents 122 seasonal difference function 96 Index 273 select cases 106 selecting cases 106 based on selection criteria 107 date range 107 random sample 107 range of cases 107 time range 107 selection methods 144 selecting rows and columns in pivot tables 144 servers 41 235 adding 41 235 editing 41 235 logging in 41 names 41 235 port numbers 41 235 session journal 202 Shift Values 84 showing 119 137 207 captions 141 dimension labels
265. first breakpoint no other block of command syntax will be executed until the previous block has completed regardless of whether the blocks are in the same or different syntax windows e With execution stopped at a breakpoint you can run command syntax in other syntax windows and inspect Data Editor or Viewer windows However modifying the contents of the syntax window containing the breakpoint or changing the cursor position in that window will cancel the run Unicode Syntax Files In Unicode mode the default format for saving command syntax files created or modified during the session is also Unicode UTF 8 Unicode format command syntax files cannot be read by versions of IBM SPSS Statistics prior to 16 0 For more information on Unicode mode see General options on page 193 To save a syntax file in a format compatible with earlier releases 1 From the syntax window menus choose File gt Save As 2 In the Save As dialog from the Encoding drop down list choose Local Encoding The local encoding is determined by the current locale See SET command LOCALE subcommand for more information Multiple Execute Commands Syntax pasted from dialog boxes or copied from the log or the journal may contain EXECUTE commands When you run commands from a syntax window EXECUTE commands are generally unnecessary and may slow performance particularly with larger data files because each EXECUTE command reads the entire data file For more i
266. for the sub dialog This is the file that will be launched when the user clicks the Help button on the sub dialog and may be the same help file specified for the main dialog Help files must be in HTML format See the description of the Help File property for for more information Syntax Click the ellipsis button to open the Syntax Template See the topic Building the Syntax Template on page 212 for more information Custom Dialogs for Extension Commands Extension commands are user defined IBM SPSS Statistics commands that are implemented in the Python programming language R or Java Once deployed to an instance of IBM SPSS Statistics an extension command is run in the same manner as any built in IBM SPSS Statistics command You can use the Custom Dialog Builder to create dialogs for extension commands and you can install custom dialogs for extension commands created by other users Creating Custom Dialogs for Extension Commands Whether an extension command was written by you or another user you can create a custom dialog for it The syntax template for the dialog should generate the command syntax for the extension command If the custom dialog is only for your use install the dialog Assuming the extension command is already deployed on your system you will be able to run the command from the installed dialog If you are creating a custom dialog for an extension command and want to share it with other users you should f
267. formation 2 For the currently open data file choose Working File 3 For other data files choose External File and then select the data file The data file information is displayed in the Viewer Saving data files In addition to saving data files in IBM SPSS Statistics format you can save data in a wide variety of external formats including e Excel and other spreadsheet formats e Tab delimited and CSV text files e SAS e Stata e Database tables To save modified data files 1 Make the Data Editor the active window click anywhere in the window to make it active 2 From the menus choose File gt Save The modified data file is saved overwriting the previous version of the file Saving data files in external formats 1 Make the Data Editor the active window click anywhere in the window to make it active 2 From the menus choose File gt Save As 3 Select a file type from the drop down list 4 Enter a filename for the new data file To write variable names to the first row of a spreadsheet or tab delimited data file 24 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 1 Click Write variable names to spreadsheet in the Save Data As dialog box To save value labels instead of data values in Excel files 1 Click Save value labels where defined instead of data values in the Save Data As dialog box To save value labels to a SAS syntax file active only when a SAS file type is selected 1 Click Save value
268. formats map to IBM SPSS Statistics variable types and formats IBM SPSS Statistics Variable Type Excel Data Format Numeric 0 00 4 0 00 Comma 0 00 0 00 Dollar SH HHO Date d mmm yyyy Time hh mm ss String General Saving data files in SAS format Special handling is given to various aspects of your data when saved as a SAS file These cases include e Certain characters that are allowed in IBM SPSS Statistics variable names are not valid in SAS such as and These illegal characters are replaced with an underscore when the data are exported e IBM SPSS Statistics variable names that contain multibyte characters for example Japanese or Chinese characters are converted to variables names of the general form Vnnn where nnn is an integer value Chapter 3 Data files 27 IBM SPSS Statistics variable labels containing more than 40 characters are truncated when exported to a SAS v6 file Where they exist IBM SPSS Statistics variable labels are mapped to the SAS variable labels If no variable label exists in the IBM SPSS Statistics data the variable name is mapped to the SAS variable label SAS allows only one value for system missing whereas IBM SPSS Statistics allows numerous user missing values in addition to system missing As a result all user missing values in IBM SPSS Statistics are mapped to a single system missing value in the SAS file SAS 6 8 data files are saved in the current IBM SPSS Statistics
269. formatting and table comment text Footnotes The properties of footnote markers include style and position in relation to text e The style of footnote markers is either numbers 1 2 3 or letters a b c e The footnote markers can be attached to text as superscripts or subscripts Comment Text You can add comment text to each table Comment text is displayed in a tooltip when you hover over a table in the Viewer e Screen readers read the comment text when the table has focus e The tooltip in the Viewer displays only the first 200 characters of the comment but screen readers read the entire text e When you export output to HTML or a web report the comment text is used as alt text You can automatically add comments to all tables when they are created For more information see Pivot table options on page 200 Table properties cell formats For formatting a table is divided into areas title layers corner labels row labels column labels data caption and footnotes For each area of a table you can modify the associated cell formats Cell formats include text characteristics such as font size color and style horizontal and vertical alignment background colors and inner cell margins Cell formats are applied to areas categories of information They are not characteristics of individual cells This distinction is an important consideration when pivoting a table Chapter 11 Pivot tables 139 For
270. fr French it Italian ja Japanese ko Korean pl Polish pt_BR Brazilian Portuguese ru Russian 228 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide zh_CN Simplified Chinese zh_TW Traditional Chinese Note Text in custom dialogs and associated help files is not limited to the languages supported by IBM SPSS Statistics You are free to write the dialog and help text in any language without creating language specific properties and help files All users of your dialog will then see the text in that language Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 229 230 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 21 Production jobs Production jobs provide the ability to run IBM SPSS Statistics in an automated fashion The program runs unattended and terminates after executing the last command so you can perform other tasks while it runs or schedule the production job to run automatically at scheduled times Production jobs are useful if you often run the same set of time consuming analyses such as weekly reports You can run production jobs in two different ways Interactively The program runs unattended in a separate session on either your local computer or a remote server Your local computer must remain on and connected to the remote server if applicable until the job is complete In the background on a server The program runs in a separate session on a remote server Your local computer does not have
271. from a string containing a date or time Use this option to create a date time variable from a string variable For example you have a string variable representing dates in the form mm dd yyyy and want to create a date time variable from this e Create a date time variable from variables holding parts of dates or times This choice allows you to construct a date time variable from a set of existing variables For example you have a variable that represents the month as an integer a second that represents the day of the month and a third that represents the year You can combine these three variables into a single date time variable e Calculate with dates and times Use this option to add or subtract values from date time variables For example you can calculate the duration of a process by subtracting a variable representing the start time of the process from another variable representing the end time of the process e Extract a part of a date or time variable This option allows you to extract part of a date time variable such as the day of the month from a date time variable which has the form mm dd yyyy e Assign periodicity to a dataset This choice takes you to the Define Dates dialog box used to create date time variables that consist of a set of sequential dates This feature is typically used to associate dates with time series data Note Tasks are disabled when the dataset lacks the types of variables required to accomplish the ta
272. ft and right arrow buttons on the Outlining toolbar to restore the original outline level To change the size of outline items 1 From the menus choose View gt Outline Size 2 Select the outline size Small Medium or Large To change the font in the outline 1 From the menus choose View gt Outline Font 2 Select a font Adding items to the Viewer In the Viewer you can add items such as titles new text charts or material from other applications To add a title or text Text items that are not connected to a table or chart can be added to the Viewer 1 Click the table chart or other object that will precede the title or text 2 From the menus choose Insert gt New Title or Insert gt New Text 3 Double click the new object 4 Enter the text To add a text file 1 In the outline pane or contents pane of the Viewer click the table chart or other object that will precede the text 2 From the menus choose Insert gt Text File 3 Select a text file To edit the text double click it Chapter 10 Working with output 121 Pasting Objects into the Viewer Objects from other applications can be pasted into the Viewer You can use either Paste After or Paste Special Either type of pasting puts the new object after the currently selected object in the Viewer Use Paste Special when you want to choose the format of the pasted object Finding and replacing information in the Viewer i To find
273. fy the number of levels for each index variable You can also specify a name and a label for the new index variable See the topic Example of Two Indices for Variables to Cases on page 113 for more information How many levels are recorded in the current file Consider how many factor levels are recorded in the current data A level defines a group of cases that experienced identical conditions If there are multiple factors the current data must be arranged so that the levels of the first factor are a primary index within which the levels of subsequent factors cycle How many levels should be in the new file Enter the number of levels for each index The values for multiple index variables are always sequential numbers The values start at 1 and increment for each level The first index increments the slowest and the last index increments the fastest Total combined levels You cannot create more levels than exist in the current data Because the restructured data will contain one row for each combination of treatments the wizard checks the number of levels that you create It will compare the product of the levels that you create to the number of variables in your variable groups They must match Names and labels Click a cell to change the default variable name and provide a descriptive variable label for the index variables Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Options Note The wizard presents this step if you choose t
274. g or hiding the error tracking pane when run time errors are found Optimize for right to left languages Check this box for the best user experience when working with right to left languages Paste syntax from dialogs Specifies the position at which syntax is inserted into the designated syntax window when pasting syntax from a dialog After last command inserts pasted syntax after the last command At cursor or selection inserts pasted syntax at the position of the cursor or if a block of syntax is selected then the selection will be replaced by the pasted syntax Multiple imputations options The Multiple Imputations tab controls two kinds of preferences related to Multiple Imputations Appearance of Imputed Data By default cells containing imputed data will have a different background color than cells containing nonimputed data The distinctive appearance of the imputed data should make it easy for you to scroll through a dataset and locate those cells You can change the default cell background color the font and make the imputed data display in bold type Analysis Output This group controls the type of Viewer output produced whenever a multiply imputed dataset is analyzed By default output will be produced for the original pre imputation dataset and for each of the imputed datasets In addition for those procedures that support pooling of imputed data final pooled results will be generated When univariate pooling is performed
275. g in for Python in the Help system Running Python Scripts and Python programs Both Python scripts and Python programs can be run from within IBM SPSS Statistics or from an external Python process such as a Python IDE or the Python interpreter Python Scripts Python Script Run from IBM SPSS Statistics You can run a Python script from Utilities gt Run Script or from the Python script editor which is launched when opening a Python file py from File gt Open gt Script Scripts run from the Python editor that is launched from IBM SPSS Statistics operate on the IBM SPSS Statistics client that launched the editor This allows you to debug your Python code from a Python editor Python Script Run from an External Python Process You can run a Python script from any external Python process such as a Python IDE that is not launched from IBM SPSS Statistics or the Python interpreter The script will attempt to connect to an existing IBM SPSS Statistics client If more than one client is found a connection is made to the most recently launched one If an existing client is not found the Python script starts up a new instance of the IBM SPSS Statistics client By default the Data Editor and Viewer are invisible for the new client You can choose to make them visible or work in invisible mode with datasets and output documents Python Programs Python Program Run from Command Syntax You can run a Python program by embedding Python code within a BE
276. g the gallery is the preferred method for new users For information about using the gallery see Building a Chart from the Gallery How to Start the Chart Builder 1 From the menus choose Graphs gt Chart Builder Building a Chart from the Gallery The easiest method for building charts is to use the gallery Following are general steps for building a chart from the gallery 1 Click the Gallery tab if it is not already displayed 2 In the Choose From list select a category of charts Each category offers several types 3 Drag the picture of the chart you want onto the canvas You can also double click the picture If the canvas already displays a chart the gallery chart replaces the axis set and graphic elements on the chart a Drag variables from the Variables list and drop them into the axis drop zones and if available the grouping drop zone If an axis drop zone already displays a statistic and you want to use that statistic you do not have to drag a variable into the drop zone You need to add a variable to a zone only when the text in the zone is blue If the text is black the zone already contains a variable or statistic Note The measurement level of your variables is important The Chart Builder sets defaults based on the measurement level while you are building the chart Furthermore the resulting chart may also look different for different measurement levels You can temporarily change a variable s measurement lev
277. gacy tables you can use the Edit Footnotes dialog to enter and modify footnote text and font settings change footnote markers and selectively hide or delete footnotes When you insert a new footnote in a legacy table the Edit Footnotes dialog automatically opens To use the Edit Footnotes dialog to edit existing footnotes without creating a new footnote 1 Double click the footnote area of the table or from the menus choose Format gt Edit Footnote 142 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Marker By default standard footnote markers are sequential letters or numbers depending on the table properties settings To assign a special marker simply enter the new marker value in the Marker column Special markers are not affected when you renumber footnotes or switch between numbers and letters for standard markers The display of numbers or letters for standard markers and the subscript or superscript position of footnote markers are controlled by the Footnotes tab of the Table Properties dialog See the topic Table properties notes on page 139 for more information To change a special marker back to a standard marker right click on the marker in the Edit Footnotes dialog select Footnote Marker from the pop up menu and select Standard marker in the Footnote Marker dialog box Footnote The content of the footnote The display reflects the current font and background settings The font settings can be changed for individual
278. gh the order of the categories is interpreted as high low medium which is not the correct order In general it is more reliable to use numeric codes to represent ordinal data For new numeric variables created with transformations data from external sources and IBM SPSS Statistics data files created prior to version 8 default measurement level is determined by the conditions in the following table Conditions are evaluated in the order listed in the table The measurement level for the first condition that matches the data is applied Table 6 Rules for determining measurement level Condition Measurement Level All values of a variable are missing Nominal Format is dollar or custom currency Continuous Format is date or time excluding Month and Wkday Continuous Variable contains at least one non integer value Continuous Variable contains at least one negative value Continuous Variable contains no valid values less than 10 000 Continuous Variable has N or more valid unique values Continuous Variable has no valid values less than 10 Continuous Variable has less than N valid unique values Nominal N is a user specified cut off value The default is 24 e You can change the cutoff value in the Options dialog box See the topic Data Options on page 195 for more information e The Define Variable Properties dialog box available from the Data menu can help you assign the correct meas
279. h UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries Java and all Java based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and or its affiliates Notices 267 268 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Index A Access Microsoft 12 active file 38 39 caching 39 creating a temporary active file 39 virtual active file 38 active window 3 adding group labels 134 aggregating data 104 aggregate functions 105 variable names and labels 105 algorithms 7 alignment 52 120 194 in Data Editor 52 output 120 194 alternating row colors pivot tables 139 aspect ratio 198 attributes custom variable attributes 53 automated output modification 153 154 156 157 158 automated production 231 automatic output modification 153 autoscripts 203 252 associating with viewer objects 253 Basic 257 creating 252 trigger events 252 background color 141 banding 75 basic steps 6 bi directional text 196 binning 75 Blom estimates 89 BMP files 123 129 exporting charts 123 129 bookmarks syntax editor 167 borders 140 143 displaying hidden borders 143 break variables in Aggregate Data 104 breakpoints syntax editor 166 C caching 39 active file 39 Cancel button 4 captions 141 cases 58 108 finding duplicates 74 finding in Data Editor 59 inserting new cases 58 restructuring into variables 108 cases continued selecting subsets sorting 99 weig
280. hat you want to use 3 If the server is configured for single sign on then simply ensure that Set Credentials is unchecked Otherwise select Set Credentials and enter the user ID domain name and password that were provided by your administrator Note You are automatically connected to the default server when you start a new session To switch to another server 4 Select the server from the list 5 If the server is configured for single sign on then simply ensure that Set Credentials is unchecked Otherwise select Set Credentials and enter the user ID domain name and password if necessary Note When you switch servers during a session all open windows are closed You will be prompted to save changes before the windows are closed To add a server 6 Get the server connection information from your administrator 7 Click Add to open the Server Login Settings dialog box 8 Enter the connection information and optional settings and then click OK To edit a server 9 Get the revised connection information from your administrator 10 Click Edit to open the Server Login Settings dialog box 11 Enter the changes and click OK To search for available servers Note The ability to search for available servers is available only if you are licensed to use the Statistics Adapter and your site is running IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services 3 5 or later 12 Click Search to open the Search for Servers dialog box If you ar
281. he AGGREGATE command Password protection and encryption for syntax files For more information see the topic ypting syntax files on page 171 Expanded support for reading password protected encrypted data files These commands now support a PASSWORD keyword for reading encrypted data files e ADD FILES e APPLY DICTIONARY e COMPARE DATASETS e INCLUDE e INSERT e MATCH FILES e STAR JOIN e SYSFILE INFO e UPDATE Windows There are a number of different types of windows in IBM SPSS Statistics 2 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Data Editor The Data Editor displays the contents of the data file You can create new data files or modify existing data files with the Data Editor If you have more than one data file open there is a separate Data Editor window for each data file Viewer All statistical results tables and charts are displayed in the Viewer You can edit the output and save it for later use A Viewer window opens automatically the first time you run a procedure that generates output Pivot Table Editor Output that is displayed in pivot tables can be modified in many ways with the Pivot Table Editor You can edit text swap data in rows and columns add color create multidimensional tables and selectively hide and show results Chart Editor You can modify high resolution charts and plots in chart windows You can change the colors select different type fonts or sizes switch the horizontal a
282. he contents of the Viewer can be saved to in several formats e Viewer Files spv The format that is used to display files in the Viewer window e SPSS Web Report htm A web report is an interactive document that is compatible with most browsers Many of the interactive features of pivot tables available in the Viewer are also available in web reports This format requires a browser that is compatible with HTML 5 e Cognos Active Report mht This format requires a browser that supports MHT format files or the Cognos Active Report application To control options for saving web reports or save results in other formats for example text Word Excel use Export on the File menu Chapter 10 Working with output 131 To save a Viewer document 1 P From the Viewer window menus choose File gt Save Enter the name of the document and then click Save Optionally you can do the following Lock files to prevent editing in IBM SPSS Smartreader If a Viewer document is locked you can manipulate pivot tables swap rows and columns change the displayed layer etc but you cannot edit any output or save any changes to the Viewer document in IBM SPSS Smartreader a separate product for working with Viewer documents This setting has no effect on Viewer documents opened in IBM SPSS Statistics Encrypt files with a password You can protect confidential information stored in a Viewer document by encrypting the document with a p
283. he general form t hh mm ss e Date time literals timestamps should be specified using the general form ts yyyy mm dd hh mm ss e The entire date and or time value must be enclosed in single quotes Years must be expressed in four digit form and dates and times must contain two digits for each portion of the value For example January 1 2005 1 05 AM would be expressed as ts 2005 01 01 01 05 00 Functions A selection of built in arithmetic logical string date and time SQL functions is provided You can drag a function from the list into the expression or you can enter any valid SQL function See your database documentation for valid SQL functions A list of standard functions is available at Use Random Sampling This option selects a random sample of cases from the data source For large data sources you may want to limit the number of cases to a small representative sample which can significantly reduce the time that it takes to run procedures Native random sampling if available for the data source is faster than IBM SPSS Statistics random sampling because IBM SPSS Statistics random sampling must still read the entire data source to extract a random sample e Approximately Generates a random sample of approximately the specified percentage of cases Since this routine makes an independent pseudorandom decision for each case the percentage of cases selected can only approximate the specified percentage The more cases
284. he same manner as built in IBM SPSS Statistics commands Help for an extension command may be available by running CommandName HELP in the syntax editor Note Installing an extension bundle that contains a custom dialog might require a restart of IBM SPSS Statistics in order to see the entry for the dialog in the Components group Dependencies The Dependencies group lists add ons that are required to run the components included in the extension bundle e Integration Plug Ins for Python and R The components for an extension bundle may require the Integration Plug in for Python or the Integration Plug in for R or both The Integration Plug in for Java is installed with the Core system and does not require separate installation e R packages Lists any R packages required by the extension bundle During installation of the extension bundle the installer attempts to download and install the necessary packages on your machine If this process fails you will be alerted and will need to manually install the packages See the topic Required R packages on page 190 for more information e Python modules Lists any Python modules required by the extension bundle Any such modules may be available from the SPSS Community at http www ibm com developerworks spssdevcentral For Windows and Linux the modules should be copied to the extensions directory under the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory or to a location specified for extensio
285. he whole case is excluded from the chart e Exclude variable by variable to maximize the use of the data If a selected variable has any missing values the cases having those missing values are excluded when the variable is analyzed Templates A chart template allows you to apply the attributes of one chart to another When you open a chart in the Chart Editor you can save it as a template You can then apply that template by specifying it at creation or later by applying it in the Chart Editor Default Template This is the template specified by the Options You can access these by choosing Options from the Edit menu in the Data Editor and then clicking the Charts tab The default template is applied first which means that the other templates can override it Template Files Click Add to specify one or more templates with the standard file selection dialog box These are applied in the order in which they appear Therefore templates at the end of the list can override templates at the beginning of the list Chart Size and Panels Chart Size Specify a percentage greater than 100 to enlarge the chart or less than 100 to shrink it The percentage is relative to the default chart size Panels When there are many panel columns select Wrap Panels to allow panels to wrap across rows rather than being forced to fit in a specific row Unless this option is selected the panels are shrunk to force them to fit in a row 176 IBM SPSS Statisti
286. hin categories of the preceding variable on the Groups Based On list For example if you select gender as the first grouping variable and minority as the second grouping variable cases will be grouped by minority classification within each gender category e You can specify up to eight grouping variables e Each eight bytes of a long string variable string variables longer than eight bytes counts as a variable toward the limit of eight grouping variables e Cases should be sorted by values of the grouping variables and in the same order that variables are listed in the Groups Based On list If the data file isn t already sorted select Sort the file by grouping variables Compare groups Split file groups are presented together for comparison purposes For pivot tables a single pivot table is created and each split file variable can be moved between table dimensions For charts a separate chart is created for each split file group and the charts are displayed together in the Viewer Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations 105 Organize output by groups All results from each procedure are displayed separately for each split file group To Split a Data File for Analysis 1 From the menus choose Data gt Split File 2 Select Compare groups or Organize output by groups 3 Select one or more grouping variables Select cases Select Cases provides several methods for selecting a subgroup of cases based on criteria tha
287. hin three standard deviations Creating binned categories based on standard deviations may result in some defined bins outside of the actual data range and even outside of the range of possible data values for example a negative salary range Note Calculations of percentiles and standard deviations are based on the scanned cases If you limit the number of cases scanned the resulting bins may not contain the proportion of cases that you wanted in those bins particularly if the data file is sorted by the source variable For example if you limit the scan to the first 100 cases of a data file with 1000 cases and the data file is sorted in ascending order of age of respondent instead of four percentile age bins each containing 25 of the cases you may find that the first three bins each contain only about 3 3 of the cases and the last bin contains 90 of the cases Copying Binned Categories When creating binned categories for one or more variables you can copy the binning specifications from another variable to the currently selected variable or from the selected variable to multiple other variables To Copy Binning Specifications 1 Define binned categories for at least one variable but do not click OK or Paste Select click a variable in the Scanned Variable List for which you have defined binned categories Click To Other Variables Select the variables for which you want to create new variables with the same binned categories Clic
288. hting 107 categorical data 67 converting interval data to discrete categories 75 cell properties 141 cells in pivot tables formats 139 hiding 137 selecting 144 showing 137 widths 143 centered moving average function 96 centering output 120 194 character encoding 196 Chart Builder gallery 173 Chart Editor properties 174 chart options 198 charts 119 123 145 198 aspect ratio 198 creating from pivot tables 145 exporting 123 hiding 119 missing values 176 overview 173 106 107 137 139 143 size 176 templates 176 198 wrapping panels 176 Cognos reading Cognos Business Intelligence data 20 Cognos active report 125 collapsing categories 75 color coding syntax editor 165 colors in pivot tables 140 borders 140 column width 52 138 143 200 controlling default width 200 controlling maximum width 138 controlling width for wrapped text 138 in Data Editor 52 pivot tables 143 columns 143 144 changing width in pivot tables 143 selecting in pivot tables 144 COMMA format 49 50 comma delimited files 17 command identifiers 241 command language 161 command line switches 236 Production jobs 236 command syntax 161 169 207 208 231 accessing Command Syntax Reference 7 adding to menus 207 command syntax continued journal file 170 171 output log 162 pasting 162 Production jobs rules 231 running 169 running with toolbar buttons 208 syntax rules 161 command syntax editor 163 auto completion 165 bookmarks 163 16
289. ibuted with R If installation of the packages fails you will be alerted with the list of required packages You can also view the list from the Extension Bundle Details dialog box once the bundle is installed See the topic Viewing installed extension bundles on page 191 for more information Note For UNIX including Linux users packages are downloaded in source form and then compiled This requires that you have the appropriate tools installed on your machine See the R Installation and Administration guide for details In particular Debian users should install the r base dev package from apt get install r base dev Permissions By default required R packages are installed to the library folder under the location where R is installed for example C Program Files R R 2 15 2 library on Windows If you do not have write permission to this location or would like to store R packages installed for extension bundles elsewhere you can specify one or more alternate locations by defining the SPSS_RPACKAGES_PATH environment variable When present the paths specified in SPSS_RPACKAGES_PATH are added to the R library search path and take precedence over the default location R packages will be installed to the first writable location For multiple locations separate each with a semicolon on Windows and a colon on Linux and Mac The specified locations must exist on the target machine After setting SPSS_RPACKAGES_PATH you will need to re
290. ic g Dot Numeric g Scientific Notation Numeric g Date Datetime Numeric Dm Y Time DTime Numeric g number of seconds Wkday Numeric g 1 7 Month Numeric g 1 12 Dollar Numeric g Custom Currency Numeric g String String S Date Adate Edate SDate Jdate Qyr Moyr Wkyr Saving Subsets of Variables The Save Data As Variables dialog box allows you to select the variables that you want saved in the new data file By default all variables will be saved Deselect the variables that you don t want to save or click Drop All and then select the variables that you want to save Visible Only Selects only variables in variable sets currently in use See the topic Using variable sets to fon ince INANON To Save a Subset of Variables 1 Make the Data Editor the active window click anywhere in the window to make it active 2 From the menus choose File gt Save As 3 Click Variables 4 Select the variables that you want to save Encrypting data files You can protect confidential information stored in a data file by encrypting the file with a password Once encrypted the file can only be opened by providing the password 1 Make the Data Editor the active window click anywhere in the window to make it active Chapter 3 Data files 29 2 From the menus choose File gt Save As 3 Select Encrypt file with password in the Save Data As dialog box Click Save 5 In the Encrypt File dialog box provide a passwor
291. icitly select Include hidden items In both cases the hidden or nonvisible element that contains the search text or value is displayed when it is found but the item is returned to its original state afterward Finding a range of values in pivot tables To find values that fall within a specified range of values in pivot tables i C1 oe a Activate a pivot table or select one or more pivot tables in the Viewer Make sure that only pivot tables are selected If any other objects are selected the Range option is not available From the menus choose Edit gt Find Click the Range tab Select the type of range Between Greater than or equal to or Less than or equal to Select the value or values that define the range If either value contains non numeric characters both values are treated as strings If both values are numbers only numeric values are searched You cannot use the Range tab to replace values This feature is not available for legacy tables See the topic Legacy tables on page 145 for more information 122 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Copying output into other applications Output objects can be copied and pasted into other applications such as a word processing program or a spreadsheet You can paste output in a variety of formats Depending on the target application and the selected output object s some or all of the following formats may be available Metafile WMF and EMF meta
292. ide Chapter 13 Automated Output Modification Automated output modification applies formatting and other changes to the contents of the active Viewer window Changes that can be applied include e All or selected viewer objects e Selected types of output objects for example charts logs pivot tables e Pivot table content based on conditional expressions e Outline navigation pane content The types of changes you can make include e Delete objects e Index objects add a sequential numbering scheme e Change the visible property of objects e Change the outline label text e Transpose rows and columns in pivot tables e Change the selected layer of pivot tables e Change the formatting of selected areas or specific cells in a pivot table based on conditional expressions for example make all significance values less than 0 05 bold To specify automated output modification 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Style Output 2 Select one or more objects in the Viewer 3 Select the options you want in the Select dialog You can also select objects before you open the dialog 4 Select the output changes you want in the Style Output dialog Style Output Select The Style Output Select dialog specifies basic selection criteria for changes that you specify on the Style Output dialog You can also select objects in the Viewer after opening the Style Output Select dialog Selected only Changes are applied only
293. idth and create two indices The new data are shown in the following table Table 19 New restructured data with two indices subject index_a index_b width 1 1 1 5 5 1 1 2 6 4 1 2 1 5 8 1 2 2 5 9 2 1 1 7 4 2 I 2 7 1 2 2 1 5 6 2 2 2 6 7 Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Create One Index Variable Note The wizard presents this step if you choose to restructure variable groups into rows and create one index variable Chapter 9 File handling and file transformations 113 In this step decide what values you want for the index variable The values can be sequential numbers or the names of the variables in an original variable group You can also specify a name and a label for the new index variable See the topic Example of One Index for Variables to Cases on page 112 for more information e Sequential numbers The wizard will automatically assign sequential numbers as index values e Variable names The wizard will use the names of the selected variable group as index values Choose a variable group from the list e Names and labels Click a cell to change the default variable name and provide a descriptive variable label for the index variable Restructure Data Wizard Variables to Cases Create Multiple Index Variables Note The wizard presents this step if you choose to restructure variable groups into rows and create multiple index variables In this step speci
294. ified table and creates a new table of the same name that contains selected variables from the active dataset All information from the original table including definitions of field properties for example primary keys data types is lost See the topic Creating a New Table or Replacing a Table on page 34 for more information e Create a new table Creates a new table in the database containing data from selected variables in the active dataset The name can be any value that is allowed as a table name by the data source The name cannot duplicate the name of an existing table or view in the database See the topic Creating a New Table or Replacing a Table on page 34 for more information Selecting a Table When modifying or replacing a table in the database you need to select the table to modify or replace This panel in the Export to Database Wizard displays a list of tables and views in the selected database By default the list displays only standard database tables You can control the type of items that are displayed in the list e Tables Standard database tables e Views Views are virtual or dynamic tables defined by queries These can include joins of multiple tables and or fields derived from calculations based on the values of other fields You can append records or replace values of existing fields in views but the fields that you can modify may be restricted depending on how the view is structured For exampl
295. ify whether multiple response sets associated with the active dataset are included Numeric variables include all numeric formats except date and time formats Check Box The Check Box control is a simple check box that can generate different command syntax for the checked versus the unchecked state The Check Box control has the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control This is the identifier to use when referencing the control in the syntax template Title The label that is displayed with the check box For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control Mnemonic Key An optional character in the title to use as a keyboard shortcut to the control The character appears underlined in the title The shortcut is activated by pressing Alt mnemonic key The Mnemonic Key property is not supported on Mac Default Value The default state of the check box checked or unchecked Checked Unchecked Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated when the control is checked and when it is unchecked To include the command syntax in the syntax template use the value of the Identifier property The generated syntax whether from the Checked Syntax or Unchecked Syntax property will be inserted at the specified position s of the identifier For example if the identifier is checkbox1 then at run time instances of checkbox1 in
296. ile gt Save As and deselecting Encrypt file with password in the Save Output As dialog box Note Encrypted data files and output documents cannot be opened in versions of IBM SPSS Statistics prior to version 21 Encrypted syntax files cannot be opened in versions prior to version 22 132 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 11 Pivot tables Pivot tables Many results are presented in tables that can be pivoted interactively That is you can rearrange the rows columns and layers Note If you require tables that are compatible with IBM SPSS Statistics releases prior to 20 then it is recommended to render them as legacy tables See the topic Legacy tables on page 145 for more information Manipulating a pivot table Options for manipulating a pivot table include e Transposing rows and columns e Moving rows and columns e Creating multidimensional layers e Grouping and ungrouping rows and columns e Showing and hiding rows columns and other information e Rotating row and column labels e Finding definitions of terms Activating a pivot table Before you can manipulate or modify a pivot table you need to activate the table To activate a table 1 Double click the table or 2 Right click the table and from the pop up menu choose Edit Content 3 From the sub menu choose either In Viewer or In Separate Window e By default activating the table by double clicking will activate all b
297. imarily for experienced users who prefer to work with command syntax instead of dialog boxes Open only one dataset at a time Closes the currently open data source each time you open a different data source using the menus and dialog boxes By default every time you use the menus and dialog 193 boxes to open a new data source that data source opens in a new Data Editor window and any other data sources open in other Data Editor windows remain open and available during the session until explicitly closed When you select this option it takes effect immediately but does not close any datasets that were open at the time the setting was changed This setting has no effect on data sources opened using command syntax which relies on DATASET commands to control multiple datasets See the topic Chapter 6 Working vith Multiple Data Sources on page 63 ith Multiple Data Sources on page 63 for more information Output No scientific notation for small numbers in tables Suppresses the display of scientific notation for small decimal values in output Very small decimal values will be displayed as 0 or 0 000 Apply locale s digit grouping format to numeric values Applies the current locale s digit grouping format to numeric values in pivot tables and charts as well as in the Data Editor For example in a French locale with this setting enabled the value 34419 57 will be displayed as 34 419 57 The grouping format does not ap
298. in TableLooks TableLooks do not include individual cell modifications Table properties Table Properties allows you to set general properties of a table set cell styles for various parts of a table and save a set of those properties as a TableLook You can e Control general properties such as hiding empty rows or columns and adjusting printing properties e Control the format and position of footnote markers e Determine specific formats for cells in the data area for row and column labels and for other areas of the table e Control the width and color of the lines that form the borders of each area of the table To change pivot table properties 1 Activate the pivot table 2 From the menus choose Format gt Table Properties 3 Select a tab General Footnotes Cell Formats Borders or Printing 4 Select the options that you want 5 Click OK or Apply The new properties are applied to the selected pivot table To apply new table properties to a TableLook instead of just the selected table edit the TableLook Format menu TableLooks Table properties general Several properties apply to the table as a whole You can e Show or hide empty rows and columns An empty row or column has nothing in any of the data cells e Control the default number of rows to display in long tables To display all the rows in a table regardless of how long it is deselect clear Display table by rows Note This feature only appli
299. in temporary disk space include e Reading Excel files e Running procedures that sort data for example Sort Cases Split File e Reading data with GET TRANSLATE or DATA LIST commands e Using the Cache Data facility or the CACHE command e Launching other applications from IBM SPSS Statistics that read the data file for example AnswerTree DecisionTime Note The GET DATA command provides functionality comparable to DATA LIST without creating an entire copy of the data file in temporary disk space The SPLIT FILE command in command syntax does not sort the data file and therefore does not create a copy of the data file This command however requires 38 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide sorted data for proper operation and the dialog box interface for this procedure will automatically sort the data file resulting in a complete copy of the data file Command syntax is not available with the Student Version Actions that create an entire copy of the data file by default e Reading databases with the Database Wizard e Reading text files with the Text Wizard The Text Wizard provides an optional setting to automatically cache the data By default this option is selected You can turn it off by deselecting Cache data locally For the Database Wizard you can paste the generated command syntax and delete the CACHE command Creating a Data Cache Although the virtual active file can vastly reduce the amount of temporary d
300. in the window to make it active 2 From the menus choose File gt Save As 3 Select Encrypted Syntax from the Save as type drop down list 4 Click Save 5 In the Encrypt File dialog box provide a password and reenter it in the Confirm password text box Passwords are limited to 10 characters and are case sensitive Warning Passwords cannot be recovered if they are lost If the password is lost the file cannot be opened Creating strong passwords e Use eight or more characters e Include numbers symbols and even punctuation in your password Chapter 14 Working with Command Syntax 171 e Avoid sequences of numbers or characters such as 123 and abc and avoid repetition such as lilaaa e Do not create passwords that use personal information such as birthdays or nicknames e Periodically change the password Note Storing encrypted files to an IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services Repository is not supported Modifying encrypted files e If you open an encrypted file modify the file and choose File gt Save the modified file is saved with the same password e You can change the password on an encrypted file by opening the file repeating the steps for encrypting it and specifying a different password in the Encrypt File dialog box e You can save an unencrypted version of an encrypted file by opening the file choosing File gt Save As and selecting Syntax from the Save as type drop down list Note
301. individual table types the table subtype is also displayed Delete Specifies whether the selection should be deleted Visible Specifies whether the selection should be visible or hidden The default option is As Is which means that current visibility property of the selection is preserved Properties A summary of changes to apply to the selection Add Adds a row to the list and opens the Style Output Select dialog You can select other objects in the Viewer and specify the selection conditions Duplicate Duplicates the selected row Move Up and Move Down Moves the selected row up or down in the list The order can be important since changes specified in subsequent rows can overwrite changes that are specified in previous rows Create a report of the property changes Displays a table that summarizes the changes in the Viewer Object Properties You specify the changes that you want to make to each selection from the Selections and Properties section in the Object Properties section The available properties are determined by the selected row in the Selections and Properties section 154 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Command The name of the procedure if the selection refers to a single procedure The selection can include multiple instances of the same procedure Type The type of object Subtype If the selection refers to a single table type the table subtype name is displayed Outline Label The labe
302. ing new variables 58 moving 59 recoding 84 85 86 87 renaming for merged data files 102 restructuring into cases 108 selecting in dialog boxes 5 sorting 100 variable information in dialog boxes 5 vertical label text 134 Viewer 119 120 121 131 194 198 changing outline font 121 changing outline levels 121 changing outline sizes 121 collapsing outline 120 deleting output 120 display options 194 displaying data values 198 displaying value labels 198 displaying variable labels 198 displaying variable names 198 excluding output types with OMS 245 expanding outline 120 find and replace information 122 hiding results 119 moving output 119 outline 120 outline pane 119 results pane 119 saving document 131 search and replace information 122 space between output items 131 virtual active file 38 Visual Bander 75 W web report 125 exporting output 125 weighted data 116 and restructured data files 116 weighting cases 107 fractional weights in Crosstabs 107 wide tables pasting into Microsoft Word 123 window splitter Data Editor 61 syntax editor 163 windows 2 active window 3 designated window 3 Word format exporting output 123 125 242 wide tables 123 wrapping 138 controlling column width for wrapped text 138 variable and value labels 51 X XML OXML output from OMS 249 routing output to XML 242 saving output as XML 239 table structure in OXML 246 XSLT using with OXML 249 Y years 195 two digit values 195 Z
303. ing out of your use of the sample programs Each copy or any portion of these sample programs or any derivative work must include a copyright notice as follows your company name year Portions of this code are derived from IBM Corp Sample Programs Copyright IBM Corp _enter the year or years_ All rights reserved 266 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Trademarks IBM the IBM logo and ibm com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp registered in many jurisdictions worldwide Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at Copyright and trademark information at www ibm com legal copytrade shtml Adobe the Adobe logo PostScript and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and or other countries Intel Intel logo Intel Inside Intel Inside logo Intel Centrino Intel Centrino logo Celeron Intel Xeon Intel SpeedStep Itanium and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States other countries or both Microsoft Windows Windows NT and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States other countries or bot
304. inserted in the syntax template e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks e The value ThisValue specifies the run time value of the text box which is the file path specified manually or populated by the browse dialog This is the default e If the Syntax property includes ThisValue and the run time value of the text box is empty then the file browser control does not generate any command syntax File Type Filter The File Filter dialog box allows you to specify the file types displayed in the Files of type and Save as type drop down lists for open and save dialogs accessed from a File System Browser control By default all file types are allowed To specify file types not explicitly listed in the dialog box 1 Select Other 2 Enter a name for the file type 3 Enter a file type using the form suffix for example x1s You can specify multiple file types each separated by a semicolon Sub dialog Button The Sub dialog Button control specifies a button for launching a sub dialog and provides access to the Dialog Builder for the sub dialog The Sub dialog Button has the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control Title The text that is displayed in the button ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control Sub dialog Click the ellipsis button to open the Custom Dialog Builder for the sub dialog You can also
305. ion e The command terminator must be the last nonblank character in a command e In the absence of a period as the command terminator a blank line is interpreted as a command terminator Note For compatibility with other modes of command execution including command files run with INSERT or INCLUDE commands in an interactive session each line of command syntax should not exceed 256 characters e Most subcommands are separated by slashes The slash before the first subcommand on a command is usually optional e Variable names must be spelled out fully e Text included within apostrophes or quotation marks must be contained on a single line e A period must be used to indicate decimals regardless of your regional or locale settings e Variable names ending in a period can cause errors in commands created by the dialog boxes You cannot create such variable names in the dialog boxes and you should generally avoid them Command syntax is case insensitive and three or four letter abbreviations can be used for many command specifications You can use as many lines as you want to specify a single command You can Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 161 add space or break lines at almost any point where a single blank is allowed such as around slashes parentheses arithmetic operators or between variable names For example FREQUENCIES VARIABLES JOBCAT GENDER PERCENTILES 25 50 75 BARCHART and freq var jobcat gen
306. ions Production jobs with OUTPUT commands Runtime values Run options Server login Adding and Editing Server Login Settings User prompts a 4 Se 0 3 Background job status Running production jobs from a command line Converting Production Facility files Chapter 22 ee Management System Output object types Command identifiers and iable subtypes Labels OMS options Logging Excluding output display fron the viewer Routing output to IBM SPSS Statistics data files Data files created from multiple tables Controlling column elements to control variables in the data file Variable names in OMS generated data files OXML table structure OMS identifiers 209 210 210 210 211 212 gt 212 215 215 217 217 218 219 219 219 221 221 222 222 223 224 224 225 226 227 231 231 232 233 lt 233 233 233 234 234 234 lt 235 235 235 235 236 237 239 240 241 242 242 244 245 245 245 246 246 246 249 Copying OMS identifiers from the viewer outline ee 249 Chapter 23 ees FARNY s 251 Autoscripts 2 ew a amp 44252 Creating Autoseripts y oe 8 252 Associating Existing Scripts with Viewer Objects 253 Scripting with the Python Programming Language 253 Running Python Scripts and Python programs 254 Script Editor for the ee ee ami Language
307. ipt you want and select it 4 Click Apply If the selected object is already associated with an autoscript you are prompted to verify that you want to change the association Clicking OK opens the Select Autoscript dialog Optionally you can configure an existing script as an autoscript from the Scripts tab in the Options dialog box The autoscript can be applied to a selected set of output types or specified as the base autoscript that is applied to all new Viewer items See the topic Script options on page 203 for more information Scripting with the Python Programming Language IBM SPSS Statistics provides two separate interfaces for programming with the Python language on Windows Linux Mac OS and for IBM SPSS Statistics Server Use of these interfaces requires the IBM SPSS Statistics Integration Plug in for Python which is installed by default with your IBM SPSS Statistics product For help getting started_with the Python programming language see the Python tutorial available at http docs python org tut tut html Python Scripts Python scripts make use of the interface exposed by the Python SpssClient module They operate on user interface and output objects and can also run command syntax For instance you would use a Python script to customize a pivot table e Python scripts are run from Utilities gt Run Script from the Python editor launched from IBM SPSS Statistics accessed from File gt Open gt Script
308. ipts to automate many functions including customizing pivot tables Note Legacy Sax Basic users must manually convert any custom autoscripts The autoscripts installed with pre 16 0 versions are available as a set of separate script files located in the Samples subdirectory of the directory where IBM SPSS Statistics is installed By default no output items are associated with autoscripts You must manually associate all autoscripts with the output items as described below For information on converting legacy autoscripts see Compatibility with Versions Prior to 16 0 on page 255 Default script language The default script language determines the script editor that is launched when new scripts are created It also specifies the default language whose executable will be used to run autoscripts The available scripting languages depend on your platform For Windows the available scripting languages are Basic which is installed with the Core system and the Python programming language For all other platforms scripting is available with the Python programming language To use scripting with the Python programming language you need IBM SPSS Statistics Essentials for Python which is installed by default with your IBM SPSS Statistics product Enable Autoscripting This check box allows you to enable or disable autoscripting By default autoscripting is enabled Base Autoscript An optional script that is applied to all new Viewer objects
309. ironment variables must be set to the location of that file For more information see the documentation for your database drivers 12 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e In distributed analysis mode available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server this button is not available To add data sources in distributed analysis mode see your system administrator An ODBC data source consists of two essential pieces of information the driver that will be used to access the data and the location of the database you want to access To specify data sources you must have the appropriate drivers installed Drivers for a variety of database formats are included with the installation media To access OLE DB data sources available only on Microsoft Windows operating systems you must have the following items installed e NET framework To obtain the most recent version of the NET framework go to http e IBM SPSS Data Collection Survey Reporter Developer Kit For information on obtaining a compatible version of IBM SPSS Data Collection Survey Reporter Developer Kit go to www ibm com support The following limitations apply to OLE DB data sources e Table joins are not available for OLE DB data sources You can read only one table at a time e You can add OLE DB data sources only in local analysis mode To add OLE DB data sources in distributed analysis mode on a Windows server consult your system administrator e In distributed analysis
310. irst save the specifications for the dialog to a custom dialog package spd file You ll then want to create an extension bundle containing the custom dialog package file the XML file that specifies the syntax of the extension command and the implementation files written in Python R or Java The extension bundle is then what you share with other users See the topic Extension bundles on page 185 for more information Installing Extension Commands with Associated Custom Dialogs 226 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide An extension command with an associated custom dialog consists of three pieces an XML file that specifies the syntax of the command one or more code files Python R or Java that implement the command and a custom dialog package file that contains the specifications for the custom dialog If the extension command and its associated custom dialog are distributed in an extension bundle spe file then you can simply install the bundle from Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt Install Extension Bundle Otherwise you need to install the custom dialog and the extension command files separately as follows Custom Dialog Package File Install the custom dialog package file from Utilities Custom Dialogs gt Install Custom Dialog XML Syntax Specification File and Implementation Code For Windows and Linux the XML file specifying the syntax of the extension command and the implementation code Python R or Java shoul
311. is are typically more powerful and faster than your local computer distributed analysis mode can significantly reduce computer processing time Distributed analysis with a remote server can be useful if your work involves e Large data files particularly data read from database sources e Memory intensive tasks Any task that takes a long time in local analysis mode may be a good candidate for distributed analysis Distributed analysis affects only data related tasks such as reading data transforming data computing new variables and calculating statistics Distributed analysis has no effect on tasks related to editing output such as manipulating pivot tables or modifying charts Note Distributed analysis is available only if you have both a local version and access to a licensed server version of the software that is installed on a remote server Server Login The Server Login dialog box allows you to select the computer that processes commands and runs procedures You can select your local computer or a remote server You can add modify or delete remote servers in the list Remote servers usually require a user ID and password and a domain name may also be necessary If you are licensed to use the Statistics Adapter and your site is running IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services you may be able to connect to a remote server using single sign on Single sign on allows users to connect to a remote server without explicitly
312. is not available for boosted ensemble models nor is it shown for continuous targets Predictor Importance Typically you will want to focus your modeling efforts on the predictor fields that matter most and consider dropping or ignoring those that matter least The predictor importance chart helps you do this by indicating the relative importance of each predictor in estimating the model Since the values are relative the sum of the values for all predictors on the display is 1 0 Predictor importance does not relate to model accuracy It just relates to the importance of each predictor in making a prediction not whether or not the prediction is accurate Predictor importance is not available for all ensemble models The predictor set may vary across component models but importance can be computed for predictors used in at least one component model Predictor Frequency The predictor set can vary across component models due to the choice of modeling method or predictor selection The Predictor Frequency plot is a dot plot that shows the distribution of predictors across component models in the ensemble Each dot represents one or more component models containing the predictor Predictors are plotted on the y axis and are sorted in descending order of frequency thus the 150 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide topmost predictor is the one that is used in the greatest number of component models and the bottommost one is the one tha
313. isk space required the absence of a temporary copy of the active file means that the original data source has to be reread for each procedure For large data files read from an external source creating a temporary copy of the data may improve performance For example for data tables read from a database source the SQL query that reads the information from the database must be reexecuted for any command or procedure that needs to read the data Since virtually all statistical analysis procedures and charting procedures need to read the data the SQL query is reexecuted for each procedure you run which can result in a significant increase in processing time if you run a large number of procedures If you have sufficient disk space on the computer performing the analysis either your local computer or a remote server you can eliminate multiple SQL queries and improve processing time by creating a data cache of the active file The data cache is a temporary copy of the complete data Note By default the Database Wizard automatically creates a data cache but if you use the GET DATA command in command syntax to read a database a data cache is not automatically created Command syntax is not available with the Student Version To Create a Data Cache 1 From the menus choose File gt Cache Data 2 Click OK or Cache Now OK creates a data cache the next time the program reads the data for example the next time you run a statistical pr
314. ject and methods and properties associated with maps For additional information see Release Notes for Version 16 0 in the help system provided with the IBM SPSS Statistics Basic Script Editor The IBM SPSS Statistics specific help is accessed from Help gt IBM SPSS Statistics Objects Help in the script editor Global Procedures Prior to version 16 0 the scripting facility included a global procedures file For version 16 0 and above the scripting facility does not use a global procedures file although the pre 16 0 version of Global sbs renamed Global wwd is installed for backwards compatibility Chapter 23 Scripting Facility 255 To migrate a pre 16 0 version of a script that called functions in the global procedures file add the statement Uses lt install dir gt Samples Global wwd to the declarations section of the script where lt install dir gt is the directory where IBM SPSS Statistics is installed Uses is a special comment recognized by the Basic script processor If you re not sure if a script uses the global procedures file you should add the Uses statement You can also use Include instead of Uses Legacy Autoscripts Prior to version 16 0 the scripting facility included a single autoscript file containing all autoscripts For version 16 0 and above there is no single autoscript file Each autoscript is now stored in a separate file and can be applied to one or more output items in contrast to pre 16 0 versions
315. k Copy or oP ON 6 Select click a variable in the Scanned Variable List to which you want to copy defined binned categories 7 Click From Another Variable 8 Select the variable with the defined binned categories that you want to copy 9 Click Copy 78 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide If you have specified value labels for the variable from which you are copying the binning specifications those are also copied Note Once you click OK in the Visual Binning main dialog box to create new binned variables or close the dialog box in any other way you cannot use Visual Binning to copy those binned categories to other variables User Missing Values in Visual Binning Values defined as user missing values identified as codes for missing data for the source variable are not included in the binned categories for the new variable User missing values for the source variables are copied as user missing values for the new variable and any defined value labels for missing value codes are also copied If a missing value code conflicts with one of the binned category values for the new variable the missing value code for the new variable is recoded to a nonconflicting value by adding 100 to the highest binned category value For example if a value of 1 is defined as user missing for the source variable and the new variable will have six binned categories any cases with a value of 1 for the source variable will have a va
316. ke it easier to interpret your results However long labels can be awkward in some tables Changing labeling options here only affects the default display for new output One click descriptives Controls options for descriptive statistics generated for selected variables in the Data Editor See the topic Obtaining Descriptive Statistics for Selected Variables on page 60 for more information e Suppress tables with many categories For variables with more than the specified number of unique values frequency tables will not be displayed e Include a chart in the output For nominal and ordinal variables and variables with an unknown measurement level a bar chart is displayed For continuous scale variables a histogram is displayed Output display Controls which type of output is generated for procedures that can generate either Model Viewer output or pivot table and chart output For version 22 this setting only applies to the Generalized Linear Mixed Models and Nonparametric Tests procedures Screen Reader Accessibility Controls how pivot table row and column labels are read by screen readers You can read full row and column labels for each data cell or read only the labels that change as you move between data cells in the table Chart options Chart Template New charts can use either the settings selected here or the settings from a chart template file Click Browse to select a chart template file To create a chart templ
317. l 222 sub dialog button 225 sub dialog properties 226 syntax template 212 target list 218 text control 221 custom tables converting TABLES command syntax to CTABLES 261 custom variable attributes 53 D data analysis 6 basic steps 6 data dictionary applying from another file 71 Data Editor 47 48 52 56 57 58 59 61 207 alignment 52 changing data type 59 column width 52 data value restrictions 57 Data View 47 defining variables 48 descriptive statistics 60 descriptive statistics options 198 display options 61 editing data 57 58 entering data 56 entering non numeric data 57 entering numeric data 56 filtered cases 61 inserting new cases 58 inserting new variables 58 moving variables 59 multiple open data files 63 193 multiple views panes 61 printing 61 roles 52 sending data to other applications 207 Variable View 47 data entry 56 data files 9 10 17 24 25 29 39 43 108 adding comments 183 dictionary information 24 encrypting 29 file information 24 flipping 101 IBM SPSS Data Collection 22 270 data files continued improving performance for large files 39 multiple open data files 63 193 opening 9 10 protecting 38 Quancept 22 Quanvert 22 remote servers 43 restructuring 108 saving 24 25 saving output as IBM SPSS Statistics data files 239 saving subsets of variables 29 text 17 transposing 101 DATA LIST 38 versus GET DATA command 38 data transformations 195 computing variables 81 conditional
318. l in the outline pane that is associated with the selection You can replace the label text or add information to the label For more information see the topic Style Output Labels and Text Indexing Format Adds a sequential number letter or roman numeral to the objects in the selection For more information see the topic Style Output Indexing Table Title The title of table or tables You can replace the title or add information to the title For more information see the topic Style Output Labels and Text TableLook The TableLook used for tables For more information see the topic Style Output TableLooks Transpose Transposes rows and columns in tables Top Layer For tables with layers the category that is displayed for each layer Conditional styling Conditional style changes for tables For more information see the topic Table Style Sort Sorts table contents by the values of the selected column label The available column labels are displayed in a dropdown list This option is only available if the selection contains a single table subtype Sort Direction Specifies the sort direction for tables Comment Text You can add comment text to each table e Comment text is displayed in a tooltip when you hover over a table in the Viewer e Screen readers read the comment text when the table has focus e The tooltip in the Viewer displays only the first 200 characters of the comment but screen readers read the entire text
319. letters A B C are used for variable names for Excel and Lotus files For SYLK files and Excel files saved in R1C1 display format the software uses the column number preceded by the letter C for variable names C1 C2 C3 Reading dBASE files Database files are logically very similar to IBM SPSS Statistics data files The following general rules apply to dBASE files e Field names are converted to valid variable names e Colons used in dBASE field names are translated to underscores e Records marked for deletion but not actually purged are included The software creates a new string variable D_R which contains an asterisk for cases marked for deletion Reading Stata files The following general rules apply to Stata data files e Variable names Stata variable names are converted to IBM SPSS Statistics variable names in case sensitive form Stata variable names that are identical except for case are converted to valid variable names by appending an underscore and a sequential letter _A _B _C _Z AA _AB and so forth Variable labels Stata variable labels are converted to IBM SPSS Statistics variable labels e Value labels Stata value labels are converted to IBM SPSS Statistics value labels except for Stata value labels assigned to extended missing values e Missing values Stata extended missing values are converted to system missing values e Date conversion Stata date format values are conve
320. lick Browse to select a file to attach to the menu item You can also add entirely new menus and separators between menu items Optionally you can automatically send the contents of the Data Editor to another application when you select that application on the menu Customizing Toolbars You can customize toolbars and create new toolbars Toolbars can contain any of the available tools including tools for all menu actions They can also contain custom tools that launch other applications run command syntax files or run script files Show Toolbars Use Show Toolbars to show or hide toolbars customize toolbars and create new toolbars Toolbars can contain any of the available tools including tools for all menu actions They can also contain custom tools that launch other applications run command syntax files or run script files To Customize Toolbars 1 From the menus choose View gt Toolbars gt Customize 2 Select the toolbar you want to customize and click Edit or click New to create a new toolbar 3 For new toolbars enter a name for the toolbar select the windows in which you want the toolbar to appear and click Edit Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 207 4 Select an item in the Categories list to display available tools in that category 5 Drag and drop the tools you want onto the toolbar displayed in the dialog box 6 To remove a tool from the toolbar drag it anywhere off the toolbar displayed in
321. ll available combining rules are shown in the model quality chart The Component Model Accuracy chart is also updated to show reference lines for each voting method Model Summary The Model Summary view is a snapshot at a glance summary of the ensemble quality and diversity Quality The chart displays the accuracy of the final model compared to a reference model and a naive model Accuracy is presented in larger is better format the best model will have the highest accuracy For a categorical target accuracy is simply the percentage of records for which the predicted value matches the observed value For a continuous target accuracy is 1 minus the ratio of the mean absolute error in prediction the average of the absolute values of the predicted values minus the observed values to the range of predicted values the maximum predicted value minus the minimum predicted value For bagging ensembles the reference model is a standard model built on the whole training partition For boosted ensembles the reference model is the first component model The naive model represents the accuracy if no model were built and assigns all records to the modal category The naive model is not computed for continuous targets Diversity The chart displays the diversity of opinion among the component models used to build the ensemble presented in larger is more diverse format It is a measure of how much predictions vary across the base models Diversity
322. ll be modified for example create a new table add fields or records to an existing table e User Missing Values User missing values can be exported as valid values or treated the same as system missing for numeric variables and converted to blank spaces for string variables This setting is controlled in the panel in which you select the variables to export Exporting to IBM SPSS Data Collection The Export to IBM SPSS Data Collection dialog box creates IBM SPSS Statistics data files and IBM SPSS Data Collection metadata files that you can use to read the data into IBM SPSS Data Collection applications This is particularly useful when roundtripping data between IBM SPSS Statistics and IBM SPSS Data Collection applications To export data for use in IBM SPSS Data Collection applications 1 From the menus in the Data Editor window that contains the data you want to export choose File gt Export to IBM SPSS Data Collection 2 Click Data File to specify the name and location of the IBM SPSS Statistics data file 3 Click Metadata File to specify the name and location of the IBM SPSS Data Collection metadata file For new variables and datasets not created from IBM SPSS Data Collection data sources IBM SPSS Statistics variable attributes are mapped to IBM SPSS Data Collection metadata attributes in the metadata file according to the methods described in the SAV DSC documentation in the IBM SPSS Data Collection Developer Library If th
323. lled by the model properties for each model You_can override this setting and include all views or exclude all but the currently visible view See the topic Model properties on page 148 for more information Note all model views including tables are exported as graphics To set PDF export options 1 Select Portable Document Format as the export format 2 Click Change Options Other Settings That Affect PDF Output Page Setup Page Attributes Page size orientation margins content and display of page headers and footers and printed chart size in PDF documents are controlled by page setup and page attribute options Table Properties TableLooks Scaling of wide and or long tables and printing of table layers are controlled by table properties for each table These properties can also be saved in TableLooks Default Current Printer The resolution DPI of the PDF document is the current resolution setting for the default or currently selected printer which can be changed using Page Setup The maximum resolution is 1200 DPI If the printer setting is higher the PDF document resolution will be 1200 DPI Note High resolution documents may yield poor results when printed on lower resolution printers Text options The following options are available for text export Pivot Table Format Pivot tables can be exported in tab separated or space separated format For space separated format you can also control e Column Width
324. lly have full support for pivoting and editing in release 20 or later Default Editing Mode This option controls activation of pivot tables in the Viewer window or in a separate window By default double clicking a pivot table activates all but very large tables in the Viewer window You can choose to activate pivot tables in a separate window or select a size setting that will open smaller pivot tables in the Viewer window and larger pivot tables in a separate window Copying wide tables to the clipboard in rich text format When pivot tables are pasted in Word RTF format tables that are too wide for the document width will either be wrapped scaled down to fit the document width or left unchanged Chapter 18 Options 201 File locations options Options on the File Locations tab control the default location that the application will use for opening and saving files at the start of each session the location of the journal file the location of the temporary folder the number of files that appear in the recently used file list and the installation of Python 2 7 that is used by the IBM SPSS Statistics Integration Plug in for Python Startup Folders for Open and Save Dialog Boxes e Specified folder The specified folder is used as the default location at the start of each session You can specify different default locations for data and other non data files e Last folder used The last folder used to either open or save files in
325. lowing specifications installpath prodconvert filepath filename spp where installpath is the location of the folder in which IBM SPSS Statistics is installed and filepath is the folder t the original production job file is located A new file with the same name but with the extension spj is created in the same folder as the original file Note If the path contains spaces enclose each path and file specification in double quotes On Macintosh operating systems use forward slashes instead of back slashes Limitations e WME and EMF chart formats are not supported PNG format is used in place of these formats e The export options Output Document No Charts Charts Only and Nothing are not supported All output objects supported by the selected format are included e Remote server settings are ignored To specify remote server settings for distributed analysis you need to run the production job from a command line using command line switches to specify the server settings See the topic Running production jobs from a command line on page 236 for more information e Publish to Web settings are ignored Chapter 21 Production jobs 237 238 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 22 Output Management System The Output Management System OMS provides the ability to automatically write selected categories of output to different output files in different formats Formats include Word Excel PDF
326. lue for all variables You can also insert new cases between existing cases To insert new cases between existing cases 1 In Data View select any cell in the case row below the position where you want to insert the new case 2 From the menus choose Edit gt Insert Cases A new row is inserted for the case and all variables receive the system missing value Inserting new variables Entering data in an empty column in Data View or in an empty row in Variable View automatically creates a new variable with a default variable name the prefix var and a sequential number and a default data format type numeric The Data Editor inserts the system missing value for all cases for the new variable If there are any empty columns in Data View or empty rows in Variable View between the new variable and the existing variables these rows or columns also become new variables with the system missing value for all cases You can also insert new variables between existing variables To insert new variables between existing variables 1 Select any cell in the variable to the right of Data View or below Variable View the position where you want to insert the new variable 58 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 2 From the menus choose Edit gt Insert Variable A new variable is inserted with the system missing value for all cases To move variables 1 To select the variable click the variable name in Data View or the row num
327. lue of 106 for the new variable and 106 will be defined as user missing If the user missing value for the source variable had a defined value label that label will be retained as the value label for the recoded value of the new variable Note If the source variable has a defined range of user missing values of the form LO n where n is a positive number the corresponding user missing values for the new variable will be negative numbers Chapter 7 Data preparation 79 80 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 8 Data Transformations Data Transformations In an ideal situation your raw data are perfectly suitable for the type of analysis you want to perform and any relationships between variables are either conveniently linear or neatly orthogonal Unfortunately this is rarely the case Preliminary analysis may reveal inconvenient coding schemes or coding errors or data transformations may be required in order to expose the true relationship between variables You can perform data transformations ranging from simple tasks such as collapsing categories for analysis to more advanced tasks such as creating new variables based on complex equations and conditional statements Computing Variables Use the Compute dialog box to compute values for a variable based on numeric transformations of other variables e You can compute values for numeric or string alphanumeric variables e You can create new variabl
328. lumn widths 1 From the View menu choose Gridlines Chapter 11 Pivot tables 143 Selecting rows columns and cells in a pivot table You can select an entire row or column or a specified set of data and label cells To select multiple cells Select gt Data and Label Cells Notes e The visual highlight that indicates a selected row or column may span noncontiguous areas of the table e For legacy tables you can Ctrl Alt click the row or column label to select the row or column Printing pivot tables Several factors can affect the way that printed pivot tables look and these factors can be controlled by changing pivot table attributes e For multidimensional pivot tables tables with layers location of table breaks and page breaks See the topic more information e For tables that are too wide or too long for a single page you can control the location of table breaks between pages Use Print Preview on the File menu to see how printed pivot tables will look Controlling table breaks for wide and long tables Pivot tables that are either too wide or too long to print within the defined page size are automatically split and printed in multiple sections For wide tables multiple sections will print on the same page if there is room You can e Control the row and column locations where large tables are split e Specify rows and columns that should be kept together when tables are split e Rescale large tabl
329. lumns This has the same effect as dragging all of the row elements into the column dimension and dragging all of the column elements into the row dimension Grouping rows or columns 1 Select the labels for the rows or columns that you want to group together click and drag or Shift click to select multiple labels 2 From the menus choose Edit gt Group A group label is automatically inserted Double click the group label to edit the label text Note To add rows or columns to an existing group you must first ungroup the items that are currently in the group Then you can create a new group that includes the additional items Ungrouping rows or columns 1 Click anywhere in the group label for the rows or columns that you want to ungroup 2 From the menus choose Edit gt Ungroup Ungrouping automatically deletes the group label Rotating row or column labels You can rotate labels between horizontal and vertical display for the innermost column labels and the outermost row labels in a table 1 From the menus choose Format gt Rotate Inner Column Labels or Format gt Rotate Outer Row Labels Only the innermost column labels and the outermost row labels can be rotated Sorting rows To sort the rows of a pivot table 1 Activate the table 2 Select any cell in the column you want to use to sort on To sort just a selected group of rows select two or more contiguous cells in the column you want to use to sort on
330. m another variable to the currently selected variable or from the currently selected variable to one or more other variables Unlabeled Values To create labels for unlabeled values automatically click Automatic Labels Variable Label and Display Format You can change the descriptive variable label and the display format e You cannot change the variable s fundamental type string or numeric e For string variables you can change only the variable label not the display format e For numeric variables you can change the numeric type such as numeric date dollar or custom currency width maximum number of digits including any decimal and or grouping indicators and number of decimal positions e For numeric date format you can select a specific date format such as dd mm yyyy mm dd yy and yyyyddd e For numeric custom format you can select one of five custom currency formats CCA through CCE See the topic Currency options on page 197 for more information e An asterisk is displayed in the Value column if the specified width is less than the width of the scanned values or the displayed values for preexisting defined value labels or missing values categories e A period is displayed if the scanned values or the displayed values for preexisting defined value labels or missing values categories are invalid for the selected display format type For example an internal numeric value of less than 86 400 is invalid for a da
331. m is the default item displayed in the combo box For a list box specifies whether the list item is selected by default e Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated when the list item is selected e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks Note You can add a new list item in the blank line at the bottom of the existing list Entering any of the properties other than the identifier will generate a unique identifier which you can keep or modify You can delete a list item by clicking on the Identifier cell for the item and pressing delete Values based on the contents of a target list control Specifies that the list items are dynamically populated with values associated with the variables in a selected target list control Select an existing target list control as the source of the list items or enter the value of the Identifier property for a target list control into the text area of the Target List combo box The latter approach allows you to enter the Identifier for a target list control that you plan to add later e Variable Names Populate the list items with the names of the variables in the specified target list control e Value Labels Populate the list items with the union of the value labels associated with the variables in the specified target list control You can choose whether the command syntax generated by the associated combo box or list box control contains the selected value label
332. machine from the menus as described above If you don t know whether the extension bundle contains a custom dialog then it is 188 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide best to install the extension bundle on your local machine in addition to the IBM SPSS Statistics Server machine For information on using the command line utility see Batch installation of extension bundles on page 190 Important For users of Windows Vista and later versions of Windows installing an updated version of an existing extension bundle might require running IBM SPSS Statistics with administrator privileges You can start IBM SPSS Statistics with administrator privileges by right clicking the icon for IBM SPSS Statistics and choosing Run as administrator In particular if you receive an error message that states that one or more extension bundles could not be installed then try running with administrator privileges Installation locations for extension bundles For Windows XP and Linux and by default installing an extension bundle requires write permission to the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory for Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Vista and Mac extension bundles are installed to a general user writable location If you do not have write permission to the required location or would like to store extension bundles elsewhere you can specify one or more alternate locations by defining the SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH environment variable When pre
333. mber of characters in the value up to a maximum of 32 767 By default the Text Wizard sets the number of characters to the longest string value encountered for the selected variable s in the first 250 rows of the file For fixed width files the number of characters in string values is defined by the placement of variable break lines in step 4 Date Time Valid values include dates of the general format dd mm yyyy mm dd yyyy dd mm yyyy yyyy mm dd hh mm ss and a variety of other date and time formats Months can be represented in digits Roman numerals or three letter abbreviations or they can be fully spelled out Select a date format from the list Dollar Valid values are numbers with an optional leading dollar sign and optional commas as thousands separators Comma Valid values include numbers that use a period as a decimal indicator and commas as thousands separators Dot Valid values include numbers that use a comma as a decimal indicator and periods as thousands separators Note Values that contain invalid characters for the selected format will be treated as missing Values that contain any of the specified delimiters will be treated as multiple values Text Wizard Step 6 This is the final step of the Text Wizard You can save your specifications in a file for use when importing similar text data files You can also paste the syntax generated by the Text Wizard into a syntax window You can then customize and or save the s
334. mension elements for the columns they are nested in the columns in the order in which they are listed For IBM SPSS Statistics data file format variable names are constructed by nested column elements See the topic Variable names in OMS generated data files on page 246 for more information e If a table doesn t contain any of the listed dimension elements all dimension elements for that table will appear in the rows e Table pivots that are specified here have no effect on tables that are displayed in the Viewer Each dimension of a table row column layer may contain zero or more elements For example a simple two dimensional crosstabulation contains a single row dimension element and a single column dimension element each of which contains one of the variables that are used in the table You can use either positional arguments or dimension element names to specify the dimension elements that you want to put into the column dimension All dimensions in rows Creates a single row for each table For IBM SPSS Statistics format data files this means each table is a single case and all the table elements are variables List of positions The general form of a positional argument is a letter indicating the default position of the element C for column R for row or L for layer followed by a positive integer indicating the default position within that dimension For example R1 would indicate the outermost row dimension element
335. mmunity at http www ibm com developerworks spssdevcentral from within SPSS Statistics Other enhancements New build options for Generalized Linear Mixed Models GLMM to set convergence criteria Screen reader accessibility for pivot tables Screen readers now read row and column labels with cell contents You_can control the amount of label information that is read for each cell For more information see the topic Output options on page 198 Database wizard enhancements In distributed mode connected to an IBM SPSS Statistics Server you can include calculations of new fields that are performed in the database before reading the database tables into IBM SPSS Statistics For more information see the topic Computing New Fields on page 14 Improved resilience of connections to IBM SPSS Statistics Server In distributed mode connected to IBM SPSS Statistics Server session state is paused if the connection is disrupted as might happen during a brief network outage When the connection is restored the connection is resumed automatically and no work is lost Unicode enhancements e Ability to save text data in more Unicode formats or specify a particular code page e Ability to save Unicode text data with or without a byte order mark See the SAVE TRANSLATE and WRITE commands Enhanced bidirectional text support For more information see the topic The AGGREGATE command now includes summary functions for counts See t
336. mns 134 grouping variables 108 creating 108 H headers 130 Help button 4 Help windows 7 hiding 119 137 207 captions 141 dimension labels 137 footnotes 142 procedure results 119 rows and columns 137 titles 137 toolbars 207 hiding excluding output from the Viewer with OMS 245 hiding variables Data Editor 184 dialog lists 184 HTML 123 124 exporting output 123 124 IBM SPSS Data Collection data 22 saving 35 IBM SPSS Statistics data file format routing output to a data file 242 245 icons in dialog boxes 5 IGRAPH converting IGRAPH to GGRAPH 261 import data 9 12 imputations finding in Data Editor 59 inner join 14 input formats 50 inserting group labels 134 J journal file 202 JPEG files 123 129 exporting charts justification 120 194 output 120 194 123 129 K keyed table 102 L labels 134 deleting 134 inserting group labels 134 vs subtype names in OMS 242 LAG function 96 lag function 84 language changing output language 136 language settings 196 layers 130 136 137 138 140 creating 136 displaying 136 137 in pivot tables 136 printing 130 138 140 lead function 84 96 legacy tables 145 level of measurement defining 49 line breaks variable and value labels 51 local encoding 170 logging in to a server 41 Lotus 1 2 3 files 9 24 25 207 adding menu item to send data to Lotus 207 opening 9 saving 24 25 49 67 M measurement level 49 67 default measurement le
337. more variables to transpose into cases Merging Data Files You can merge data from two files in two different ways You can e Merge the active dataset with another open dataset or IBM SPSS Statistics data file containing the same variables but different cases e Merge the active dataset with another open dataset or IBM SPSS Statistics data file containing the same cases but different variables To Merge Files 1 From the menus choose Data gt Merge Files 2 Select Add Cases or Add Variables Add Cases Add Cases merges the active dataset with a second dataset or external IBM SPSS Statistics data file that contains the same variables columns but different cases rows For example you might record the same information for customers in two different sales regions and maintain the data for each region in separate files The second dataset can be an external IBM SPSS Statistics data file or a dataset available in the current session Unpaired Variables Variables to be excluded from the new merged data file Variables from the active dataset are identified with an asterisk Variables from the other dataset are identified with a plus sign By default this list contains e Variables from either data file that do not match a variable name in the other file You can create pairs from unpaired variables and include them in the new merged file e Variables defined as numeric data in one file and string data in the other file
338. n Content For data displays the available data packages and filters For reports display the available reports Fields to import For data packages select the fields you want to include and move them to this list Report to import For reports select the list report you want to import The report must be a list report Filters to apply For data packages select the filters you want to apply and move them to this list Parameters If this button is enabled the selected object has parameters defined You can use parameters to make adjustments for example perform a parameterized calculation before importing the data If parameters are defined but no default is provided the button displays a warning triangle Aggregate data before performing import For data packages if aggregation is defined in the package you can import the aggregated data instead of the raw data Cognos connections The Cognos Connections dialog specifies the IBM Cognos Business Intelligence server URL and any required additional credentials Cognos server URL The URL of the IBM Cognos Business Intelligence server This is the value of the external dispatcher URI environment property of IBM Cognos Configuration on the server Contact your system administrator for more information Mode Select Set Credentials if you need to log in with a specific namespace username and password for example as an administrator Select Use Anonymous connection to log in with no
339. n commands as shown in the output from the SHOW EXTPATHS command For Mac the modules should be copied to the Library Application Support IBM SPSS Statistics 22 extensions directory If you have specified alternate locations for extension bundles with the SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH environment variable then copy the Python modules to one of those locations See the topic for more information Alternatively you can copy the modules to a location on the Python search path such as the Python site packages directory Downloading extension bundles The Download Extension Bundles dialog connects to the SPSS Community website on IBM developerWorks and lists the extension bundles that are available from the site You can select extension bundles to install now or you can download selected extension bundles and install them later You can also obtain updated versions of extension bundles that are already installed on your computer To download extension bundles 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt Download and Install Extension Bundles 2 Select the extension bundles that you want to download and click OK Chapter 17 Utilities 191 By default the selected extension bundles are downloaded and installed on your computer You can also choose to download the selected extension bundles to a specified location without installing them You can install them later by choosing Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt Install Local Extension
340. n for a bookmark displays the number of the bookmark and the name if any assigned to the bookmark e Command spans are icons that provide visual indicators of the start and end of a command You can show or hide command spans by choosing View gt Show Command Spans from the menus e The progress of a given syntax run is indicated with a downward pointing arrow in the gutter stretching from the first command run to the last command run This is most useful when running command syntax containing breakpoints and when stepping through command syntax See the topic Running Command Syntax on page 169 for more information Navigation Pane The navigation pane contains a list of all recognized commands in the syntax window displayed in the order in which they occur in the window Clicking on a command in the navigation pane positions the cursor at the start of the command e You can use the Up and Down arrow keys to move through the list of commands or click a command to navigate to it A double click will select the command e Command names for commands containing certain types of syntactical errors such as unmatched quotes are colored red and in bold text by default See the topic Color Coding on page 165 for more information e The first word of each line of unrecognized text is shown in gray e You can show or hide the navigation pane by choosing View gt Show Navigation Pane from the menus Error Pane The error pane displ
341. n scoring a case with a missing value Selecting scoring functions The scoring functions are the types of scores available for the selected model For example predicted value of the target probability of the predicted value or probability of a selected target value Scoring function The scoring functions available are dependent on the model One or more of the following will be available in the list e Predicted value The predicted value of the target outcome of interest This is available for all models except those that do not have a target Chapter 16 Scoring data with predictive models 179 e Probability of predicted value The probability of the predicted value being the correct value expressed as a proportion This is available for most models with a categorical target e Probability of selected value The probability of the selected value being the correct value expressed as a proportion Select a value from the drop down list in the Value column The available values are defined by the model This is available for most models with a categorical target e Confidence A probability measure associated with the predicted value of a categorical target For Binary Logistic Regression Multinomial Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes models the result is identical to the probability of the predicted value For Tree and Ruleset models the confidence can be interpreted as an adjusted probability of the predicted category and is alwa
342. n syntactical errors off or on and you can specify the font style and color used Both the command name and the text within the command containing the error are color coded and you can choose different styles for each See the topic Color Coding on page 165 for more information Auto Complete Settings You can turn automatic display of the auto complete control off or on The auto complete control can always be displayed by pressing Ctrl Spacebar See the topic Auto Completion on page 165 for more information Indent size Specifies the number of spaces in an indent The setting applies to indenting selected lines of syntax as well as to automatic indentation Gutter These options specify the default behavior for showing or hiding line numbers and command spans within the Syntax Editor s gutter the region to the left of the text pane that is reserved for line numbers bookmarks breakpoints and command spans Command spans are icons that provide visual indicators of the start and end of a command Panes Display the navigation pane This specifies the default for showing or hiding the navigation pane The navigation pane contains a list of all recognized commands in the syntax window displayed in the order in which they occur Clicking on a command in the navigation pane positions the cursor at the start of the command Automatically open Error Tracking pane when errors are found This specifies the default for showin
343. names A separate file is created for each output object with a filename based on either table subtype names or table labels Enter the destination folder name e New dataset For IBM SPSS Statistics data file format output you can route the output to a dataset The dataset is available for subsequent use in the same session but is not saved unless you explicitly save it as a file prior to the end of the session This option is available only for IBM SPSS Statistics data file format output Dataset names must conform to variable naming rules See the topic Variable names on page 48 for more information 7 Optionally e Exclude the selected output from the Viewer If you select Exclude from Viewer the output types in the OMS request will not be displayed in the Viewer window If multiple active OMS requests include the same output types the display of those output types in the Viewer is determined by the most recent OMS request that contains those output types See the topic Excluding output display from the iewer on page 245 for more information e Assign an ID string to the request All requests are automatically assigned an ID value and you can override the system default ID string with a descriptive ID which can be useful if you have multiple active requests that you want to identify easily ID values that you assign cannot start with a dollar sign Tips for selecting multiple items in a list The following tips are f
344. nd bottom of each page You can enter any text that you want to use as headers and footers You can also use the toolbar in the middle of the dialog box to insert e Date and time e Page numbers e Viewer filename e Outline heading labels e Page titles and subtitles e Make Default uses the settings specified here as the default settings for new Viewer documents Note this makes the current settings on both the Header Footer tab and the Options tab the default settings e Outline heading labels indicate the first second third and or fourth level outline heading for the first item on each page 130 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e Page titles and subtitles print the current page titles and subtitles These can be created with New Page Title on the Viewer Insert menu or with the TITLE and SUBTITLE commands If you have not specified any page titles or subtitles this setting is ignored Note Font characteristics for new page titles and subtitles are controlled on the Viewer tab of the Options dialog box accessed by choosing Options on the Edit menu Font characteristics for existing page titles and subtitles can be changed by editing the titles in the Viewer To see how your headers and footers will look on the printed page choose Print Preview from the File menu To Insert Page Headers and Footers 1 Make the Viewer the active window click anywhere in the window 2 From the menus choose File gt Page
345. nd vertical axes rotate 3 D scatterplots and even change the chart type Text Output Editor Text output that is not displayed in pivot tables can be modified with the Text Output Editor You can edit the output and change font characteristics type style color size Syntax Editor You can paste your dialog box choices into a syntax window where your selections appear in the form of command syntax You can then edit the command syntax to use special features that are not available through dialog boxes You can save these commands in a file for use in subsequent sessions Designated window versus active window If you have more than one open Viewer window output is routed to the designated Viewer window If you have more than one open Syntax Editor window command syntax is pasted into the designated Syntax Editor window The designated windows are indicated by a plus sign in the icon in the title bar You can change the designated windows at any time The designated window should not be confused with the active window which is the currently selected window If you have overlapping windows the active window appears in the foreground If you open a window that window automatically becomes the active window and the designated window Changing the designated window 1 Make the window that you want to designate the active window click anywhere in the window 2 Click the Designate Window button on the toolbar the plus sign icon or 3 F
346. ne for data files with a large number of variables If not all lines contain the same number of data values the number of variables for each case is determined by the line with the greatest number of data values Cases with fewer data values are assigned missing values for the additional variables e A specific number of variables represents a case The specified number of variables for each case tells the Text Wizard where to stop reading one case and start reading the next Multiple cases can be contained on the same line and cases can start in the middle of one line and be continued on the next line The Text Wizard determines the end of each case based on the number of values read regardless of the number of lines Each case must contain data values or missing values indicated by delimiters for all variables or the data file will be read incorrectly How many cases do you want to import You can import all cases in the data file the first n cases n is a number you specify or a random sample of a specified percentage Since the random sampling routine makes an independent pseudo random decision for each case the percentage of cases selected can only approximate the specified percentage The more cases there are in the data file the closer the percentage of cases selected is to the specified percentage 18 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Text Wizard Step 3 Fixed Width Files This step provides information about cases
347. nformation see the EXECUTE command in the Command Syntax Reference available from the Help menu in any IBM SPSS Statistics window Lag Functions One notable exception is transformation commands that contain lag functions In a series of transformation commands without any intervening EXECUTE commands or other commands that read the data lag functions are calculated after all other transformations regardless of command order For example COMPUTE lagvar LAG varl COMPUTE varl varlx2 and COMPUTE lagvar LAG varl EXECUTE COMPUTE varl varlx2 yield very different results for the value of lagvar since the former uses the transformed value of var1 while the latter uses the original value Unicode Syntax Files In Unicode mode the default format for saving command syntax files created or modified during the session is also Unicode UTF 8 Unicode format command syntax files cannot be read by versions of IBM SPSS Statistics prior to 16 0 For more information on Unicode mode see General options on page 193 To save a syntax file in a format compatible with earlier releases 170 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 1 From the syntax window menus choose File gt Save As 2 In the Save As dialog from the Encoding drop down list choose Local Encoding The local encoding is determined by the current locale See SET command LOCALE subcommand for more information Multiple Execute Commands Syntax p
348. ng and all values are read as valid string values Blank cells For numeric variables blank cells are converted to the system missing value indicated by a period For string variables a blank is a valid string value and blank cells are treated as valid string values 10 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Variable names If you read the first row of the Excel file or the first row of the specified range as variable names values that don t conform to variable naming rules are converted to valid variable names and the original names are used as variable labels If you do not read variable names from the Excel file default variable names are assigned Reading older Excel files and other spreadsheets The following rules apply to reading Excel files prior to Excel 95 and other spreadsheet data Data type and width The data type and width for each variable are determined by the column width and data type of the first data cell in the column Values of other types are converted to the system missing value If the first data cell in the column is blank the global default data type for the spreadsheet usually numeric is used Blank cells For numeric variables blank cells are converted to the system missing value indicated by a period For string variables a blank is a valid string value and blank cells are treated as valid string values Variable names If you do not read variable names from the spreadsheet the column
349. ngle value into which each old value or range of values is recoded You can enter a value or assign the system missing value e Value Value into which one or more old values will be recoded The value must be the same data type numeric or string as the old value e System missing Recodes specified old values into the system missing value The system missing value is not used in calculations and cases with the system missing value are excluded from many procedures Not available for string variables Old gt New The list of specifications that will be used to recode the variable s You can add change and remove specifications from the list The list is automatically sorted based on the old value specification using the following order single values missing values ranges and all other values If you change a recode specification on the list the procedure automatically re sorts the list if necessary to maintain this order Chapter 8 Data Transformations 85 Recode into Different Variables The Recode into Different Variables dialog box allows you to reassign the values of existing variables or collapse ranges of existing values into new values for a new variable For example you could collapse salaries into a new variable containing salary range categories e You can recode numeric and string variables e You can recode numeric variables into string variables and vice versa e If you select multiple variables they must all
350. ngle variable simply select it in the source variable list and drag and drop it into the target variable list You can also use arrow button to move variables from the source list to the target lists If there is only one target variable list you can double click individual variables to move them from the source list to the target list You can also select multiple variables e To select multiple variables that are grouped together in the variable list click the first variable and then Shift click the last variable in the group e To select multiple variables that are not grouped together in the variable list click the first variable then Ctrl click the next variable and so on Macintosh Command click Data type measurement level and variable list icons The icons that are displayed next to variables in dialog box lists provide information about the variable type and measurement level Table 1 Measurement level icons Numeric String Date Scale Continuous n a sa WA E a B ja je j amp e For more information on measurement level see Variable measurement level on page 49 e For more information on numeric string date and time data types see Variable type on page 49 Getting information about variables in dialog boxes Many dialogs provide the ability to find out more about the variables displayed in the variable lists 1 Right click a variable in the source or
351. no line at the selected location To change table borders 1 Click the Borders tab Select a border location either by clicking its name in the list or by clicking a line in the Sample area Select a line style or select None Select a color Click OK or Apply gi e ON Table properties printing You can control the following properties for printed pivot tables e Print all layers or only the top layer of the table and print each layer on a separate page e Shrink a table horizontally or vertically to fit the page for printing e Control widow orphan lines by controlling the minimum number of rows and columns that will be contained in any printed section of a table if the table is too wide and or too long for the defined page size Note If a table is too long to fit on the current page because there is other output above it but it will fit within the defined page length the table is automatically printed on a new page regardless of the widow orphan setting e Include continuation text for tables that don t fit on a single page You can display continuation text at the bottom of each page and at the top of each page If neither option is selected the continuation text will not be displayed To control pivot table printing properties 140 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 1 Click the Printing tab 2 Select the printing options that you want 3 Click OK or Apply Cell properties Cell properties are
352. ns PowerPoint options The following options are available for PowerPoint Layers in pivot tables By default inclusion or exclusion of pivot table layers is controlled by the table properties for each pivot table You can override this setting and include all layers or exclude all but the currently visible layer See the topic Table properties printing on page 140 for more information Wide Pivot Tables Controls the treatment of tables that are too wide for the defined document width By default the table is wrapped to fit The table is divided into sections and row labels are repeated for each section of the table Alternatively you can shrink wide tables or make no changes to wide tables and allow them to extend beyond the defined document width Include footnotes and captions Controls the inclusion or exclusion of all pivot table footnotes and captions Use Viewer outline entries as slide titles Includes a title on each slide that is created by the export Each slide contains a single item that is exported from the Viewer The title is formed from the outline entry for the item in the outline pane of the Viewer Views of Models By default inclusion or exclusion of model views is controlled by the model properties for each model You_can override this setting and include all views or exclude all but the currently visible view See the topic Model properties on page 148 for more information Note all model views in
353. nsformations for example the log transformation produce missing data for certain values of the original series Missing data at the beginning or end of a series pose no particular problem they simply shorten the useful length of the series Gaps in the middle of a series embedded missing data can be a much more serious problem The extent of the problem depends on the analytical procedure you are using The Replace Missing Values dialog box allows you to create new time series variables from existing ones replacing missing values with estimates computed with one of several methods Default new variable names are the first six characters of the existing variable used to create it followed by an underscore and a sequential number For example for the variable price the new variable name would be price_1 The new variables retain any defined value labels from the original variables To Replace Missing Values for Time Series Variables 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Replace Missing Values 2 Select the estimation method you want to use to replace missing values 3 Select the variable s for which you want to replace missing values Optionally you can e Enter variable names to override the default new variable names e Change the estimation method for a selected variable Estimation Methods for Replacing Missing Values Series mean Replaces missing values with the mean for the entire series Mean of nearby points Replaces
354. nsider a simplified version of the Frequencies dialog that only contains a source list control and a target list control and generates command syntax of the following form FREQUENCIES VARIABLES varl var2 FORMAT NOTABLE BARCHART The syntax template to generate this might look like FREQUENCIES VARIABLES target_list FORMAT NOTABLE BARCHART e target_list is the value of the Identifier property for the target list control At run time it will be replaced by the current value of the Syntax property of the control e Defining the Syntax property of the target list control to be ThisValue specifies that at run time the current value of the property will be the value of the control which is the set of variables in the target list Example Including Command Syntax from Container Controls Building on the previous example consider adding a Statistics sub dialog that contains a single group of check boxes that allow a user to specify mean standard deviation minimum and maximum Assume the check boxes are contained in an item group control as in the following figure Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 213 Custom Dialog Builder statistics_subdialog File Edit View Window Help SH A BET R Statistics C Mean C Std deviation C Minimum C Maximum Item Group Properties Identifier stats_group Title Statistics Required for execution False _LISTATISTICS ThisValue
355. nsion command and want to share this with other users then you can create an extension bundle that contains the custom dialog package spd file and the files associated with the extension command the XML file that specifies the syntax of the extension command and the implementation code file s written in Python R or Java The extension bundle is then what you share with other users Creating and editing extension bundles How to create an extension bundle 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt Create Extension Bundle Enter values for all fields on the Required tab Enter values for any fields on the Optional tab that are needed for your extension bundle Specify a target file for the extension bundle af on Click Save to save the extension bundle to the specified location This closes the Create Extension Bundle dialog box How to edit an existing extension bundle 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt Edit Extension Bundles 2 Open the extension bundle Chapter 17 Utilities 185 Modify values for any fields on the Required tab Modify values for any fields on the Optional tab Specify a target file for the extension bundle OO Pow Click Save to save the extension bundle to the specified location This closes the Edit Extension Bundle dialog box Required fields for extension bundles Name A unique name to associate with the extension bundle It can consist of up
356. nt to open 3 Click Open Optionally you can e Automatically set the width of each string variable to the longest observed value for that variable using Minimize string widths based on observed values This is particularly useful when reading code page data files in Unicode mode See the topic iGencil ecitens on pace o more information e Read variable names from the first row of spreadsheet files e Specify a range of cells to read from spreadsheet files e Specify a worksheet within an Excel file to read Excel 95 or later For information on reading data from databases see Reading Database Files on page 11 For information on reading data from text data files see Text Wizard on page 17 For information on reading IBM Cognos data see Reading Cognos data on page 20 Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 9 Data file types IBM SPSS Statistics Opens data files saved in IBM SPSS Statistics format and also the DOS product SPSS PC IBM SPSS Statistics Compressed Opens data files saved in IBM SPSS Statistics compressed format SPSS PC Opens SPSS PC data files This is available only on Windows operating systems SYSTAT Opens SYSTAT data files IBM SPSS Statistics Portable Opens data files saved in portable format Saving a file in portable format takes considerably longer than saving the file in IBM SPSS Statistics format Excel Opens Excel files Lotus 1 2 3 Opens data files saved in 1 2
357. ntax window at the cursor location To modify variable definitions use the Variable view in the Data Editor To Obtain Variable Information 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Variables 2 Select the variable for which you want to display variable definition information Data file comments You can include descriptive comments with a data file For IBM SPSS Statistics data files these comments are saved with the data file To add modify delete or display data file comments 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Data File Comments 2 To display the comments in the Viewer select Display comments in output Comments can be any length but are limited to 80 bytes typically 80 characters in single byte languages per line lines will automatically wrap at 80 characters Comments are displayed in the same font as text output to accurately reflect how they will appear when displayed in the Viewer Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 183 A date stamp the current date in parentheses is automatically appended to the end of the list of comments whenever you add or modify comments This may lead to some ambiguity concerning the dates associated with comments if you modify an existing comment or insert a new comment between existing comments Variable sets You can restrict the variables that are displayed in the Data Editor and in dialog box variable lists by defining and using variable sets This is particularly usef
358. nus choose View gt Navigation Undoing changes You can undo the most recent change or all changes to an activated pivot table Both actions only apply to changes made since the most recent activation of the table To undo the most recent change 1 From the menus choose Edit gt Undo To undo all changes 2 From the menus choose Edit gt Restore Note Edit gt Restore is not available for legacy tables Working with layers You can display a separate two dimensional table for each category or combination of categories The table can be thought of as stacked in layers with only the top layer visible Creating and displaying layers To create layers 1 Activate the pivot table 2 If pivoting trays are not already on from the Pivot Table menu choose Pivot gt Pivoting Trays 3 Drag an element from the row or column dimension into the layer dimension 136 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Moving elements to the layer dimension creates a multidimensional table but only a single two dimensional slice is displayed The visible table is the table for the top layer For example if a yes no categorical variable is in the layer dimension then the multidimensional table has two layers one for the yes category and one for the no category Changing the displayed layer 1 Choose a category from the drop down list of layers in the pivot table itself not the pivoting tray Go to layer category Go to Layer
359. o print Data Editor contents 1 Make the Data Editor the active window 2 Click the tab for the view that you want to print 3 From the menus choose File gt Print 62 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 6 Working with Multiple Data Sources Starting with version 14 0 multiple data sources can be open at the same time making it easier to e Switch back and forth between data sources e Compare the contents of different data sources e Copy and paste data between data sources e Create multiple subsets of cases and or variables for analysis e Merge multiple data sources from various data formats for example spreadsheet database text data without saving each data source first Basic Handling of Multiple Data Sources By default each data source that you open is displayed in a new Data Editor window See for information on changing the default behavior to only display one dataset at a time in a single Data Editor window e Any previously open data sources remain open and available for further use e When you first open a data source it automatically becomes the active dataset e You can change the active dataset simply by clicking anywhere in the Data Editor window of the data source that you want to use or by selecting the Data Editor window for that data source from the Window menu e Only the variables in the active dataset are available for analysis e You cannot change the active data
360. o restructure variable groups into rows In this step specify options for the new restructured file Drop unselected variables In the Select Variables step step 3 you selected variable groups to be restructured variables to be copied and an identification variable from the current data The data from the selected variables will appear in the new file If there are other variables in the current data you can choose to discard or keep them Keep missing data The wizard checks each potential new row for null values A null value is a system missing or blank value You can choose to keep or discard rows that contain only null values Create a count variable The wizard can create a count variable in the new file It contains the number of new rows generated by a row in the current data A count variable may be useful if you choose to discard null values from the new file because that makes it possible to generate a different number of 114 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide new rows for a given row in the current data Click a cell to change the default variable name and provide a descriptive variable label for the count variable Restructure Data Wizard Cases to Variables Select Variables Note The wizard presents this step if you choose to restructure case groups into columns In this step provide information about how the variables in the current file should be used in the new file What identifies case groups in
361. o the Datetime format dd mm yyyy hh mm ss in the active dataset Note In addition to field name and type you should make sure that the actual data values in the dataset being scored are recorded in the same fashion as the data values in the dataset used to build the model For example if the model was built with an Incomefield that has income divided into four categories and IncomeCategory in the active dataset has income divided into six categories or four different categories those fields don t really match each other and the resulting scores will not be reliable Missing Values This group of options controls the treatment of missing values encountered during the scoring process for the predictor variables defined in the model A missing value in the context of scoring refers to one of the following e A predictor contains no value For numeric fields variables this means the system missing value For string fields this means a null string e The value has been defined as user missing in the model for the given predictor Values defined as user missing in the active dataset but not in the model are not treated as missing values in the scoring process e The predictor is categorical and the value is not one of the categories defined in the model Use Value Substitution Attempt to use value substitution when scoring cases with missing values The method for determining a value to substitute for a missing value depends on the t
362. ob with the Production Facility In the syntax window you can run the pasted syntax edit it and save it in a syntax file To Paste Syntax from Dialog Boxes 1 Open the dialog box and make the selections that you want 2 Click Paste The command syntax is pasted to the designated syntax window If you do not have an open syntax window a new syntax window opens automatically and the syntax is pasted there By default the syntax is pasted after the last command You can choose to have syntax pasted at the position of the cursor or to overwrite selected syntax The setting is specified from the Syntax Editor tab in the Options dialog box Copying Syntax from the Output Log You can build a syntax file by copying command syntax from the log that appears in the Viewer To use this method you must select Display commands in the log in the Viewer settings Edit menu Options Viewer tab before running the analysis Each command will then appear in the Viewer along with the output from the analysis 162 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide In the syntax window you can run the pasted syntax edit it and save it in a syntax file To Copy Syntax from the Output Log 1 Before running the analysis from the menus choose Edit gt Options 2 On the Viewer tab select Display commands in the log As you run analyses the commands for your dialog box selections are recorded in the log 3 Open a previously saved syntax file or c
363. ocedure which is usually what you want because it doesn t require an extra data pass Cache Now creates a data cache immediately which shouldn t be necessary under most circumstances Cache Now is useful primarily for two reasons e A data source is locked and can t be updated by anyone until you end your session open a different data source or cache the data e For large data sources scrolling through the contents of the Data View tab in the Data Editor will be much faster if you cache the data To Cache Data Automatically You can use the SET command to automatically create a data cache after a specified number of changes in the active data file By default the active data file is automatically cached after 20 changes in the active data file 1 From the menus choose File gt New gt Syntax 2 In the syntax window type SET CACHE n where n represents the number of changes in the active data file before the data file is cached 3 From the menus in the syntax window choose Chapter 3 Data files 39 Run gt All Note The cache setting is not persistent across sessions Each time you start a new session the value is reset to the default of 20 40 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 4 Distributed Analysis Mode Distributed analysis mode allows you to use a computer other than your local or desktop computer for memory intensive work Because remote servers that are used for distributed analys
364. of variable labels and value labels 1 Select the Variable View tab in the Data Editor window 2 Right click the Labels or Values column and from the pop up menu choose Spelling or 3 In Variable View from the menus choose Utilities gt Spelling or 4 In the Value Labels dialog box click Spelling This limits the spell checking to the value labels for a particular variable Spell checking is limited to variable labels and value labels in Variable View of the Data Editor String data values To check the spelling of string data values 1 Select the Data View tab of the Data Editor 2 Optionally select one or more variables columns to check To select a variable click the variable name at the top of the column 3 From the menus choose Utilities gt Spelling e If there are no selected variables in Data View all string variables will be checked e If there are no string variables in the dataset or the none of the selected variables is a string variable the Spelling option on the Utilities menu is disabled Customizing Variable View You can use Customize Variable View to control which attributes are displayed in Variable View for example name type label and the order in which they are displayed e Any custom variable attributes associated with the dataset are enclosed in square brackets See the topic Creating Custom Variable Attributes on page 53 for more information e Customized display settings are
365. om range the ending year is automatically determined based on the value that you enter for the beginning year Random Number Generator Two different random number generators are available e Version 12 Compatible The random number generator used in version 12 and previous releases If you need to reproduce randomized results generated in previous releases based on a specified seed value use this random number generator e Mersenne Twister A newer random number generator that is more reliable for simulation purposes If reproducing randomized results from version 12 or earlier is not an issue use this random number generator Assigning Measurement Level For data read from external file formats older IBM SPSS Statistics data files prior to release 8 0 and new fields created in a session measurement level for numeric fields is determined by a set of rules including the number of unique values You can specify the minimum number of data values for a numeric variable used to classify the variable as continuous scale or nominal Variables with fewer than the specified number of unique values are classified as nominal There are numerous other conditions that are evaluated prior to applying the minimum number of data values rule when determining to apply the continuous scale or nominal measurement level Conditions are evaluated in the order listed in the table below The measurement level for the first condition that matches the data is ap
366. on the screen of the Date and Time Wizard labeled Do Calculations on Dates Select Duration Variables to Subtract 1 Select the variables to subtract Specify Result of Subtracting Two Duration Variables 1 Enter a name for Result Variable This cannot be the name of an existing variable 2 Select a duration format from the Output Format list Optionally you can e Assign a descriptive variable label to the new variable Extract Part of a Date Time Variable To extract a component such as the year from a date time variable 1 Select Extract a part of a date or time variable on the introduction screen of the Date and Time Wizard Select Component to Extract from Date Time Variable 1 Select the variable containing the date or time part to extract 2 Select the part of the variable to extract from the drop down list You can extract information from dates that is not explicitly part of the display date such as day of the week Specify Result of Extracting Component from Date Time Variable 1 Enter a name for Result Variable This cannot be the name of an existing variable 2 If you re extracting the date or time part of a date time variable then you must select a format from the Output Format list In cases where the output format is not required the Output Format list will be disabled Optionally you can e Assign a descriptive variable label to the new variable Time Series Data Transformations Several data tran
367. one or more Target List controls The Source List control has the following properties Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 217 Identifier The unique identifier for the control Title An optional title that appears above the control For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control The specified text only appears when hovering over the title area of the control Hovering over one of the listed variables will display the variable name and label Mnemonic Key An optional character in the title to use as a keyboard shortcut to the control The character appears underlined in the title The shortcut is activated by pressing Alt mnemonic key The Mnemonic Key property is not supported on Mac Variable Transfers Specifies whether variables transferred from the source list to a target list remain in the source list Copy Variables or are removed from the source list Move Variables Variable Filter Allows you to filter the set of variables displayed in the control You can filter on variable type and measurement level and you can specify that multiple response sets are included in the variable list Click the ellipsis button to open the Filter dialog You can also open the Filter dialog b double clicking the Source List control on the canvas See the topic for more information Note The Source List control cannot be added to a
368. ons and some relation between them The expressions return a value of true false or missing for each case e If the result is true the case is selected e If the result is false or missing the case is not selected e Most criteria use one or more of the six relational operators lt gt lt gt and lt gt e Expressions can include field names constants arithmetic operators numeric and other functions and logical variables You can use fields that you do not plan to import as variables To build your criteria you need at least two expressions and a relation to connect the expressions 1 To build an expression choose one of the following methods e In an Expression cell type field names constants arithmetic operators numeric and other functions or logical variables e Double click the field in the Fields list e Drag the field from the Fields list to an Expression cell e Choose a field from the drop down menu in any active Expression cell 2 To choose the relational operator such as or gt put your cursor in the Relation cell and either type the operator or choose it from the drop down menu If the SQL contains WHERE clauses with expressions for case selection dates and times in expressions need to be specified in a special manner including the curly braces shown in the examples e Date literals should be specified using the general form d yyyy mm dd e Time literals should be specified using t
369. oose Utilities gt Merge Model XML 4 Select the model XML file 180 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 5 Select the transformation XML file 6 Enter a path and name for the new merged model XML file or use Browse to select the location and name Note You cannot merge model zip files for models that contain splits separate model information for each split group or ensemble models with transformation XML files Chapter 16 Scoring data with predictive models 181 182 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 17 Utilities Utilities This chapter describes the functions found on the Utilities menu and the ability to reorder target variable lists e For information on the Scoring Wizard see Chapter 16 Scoring data with predictive models on page i77 e For information on merging model and transformation XML files see Merging model and transformation XML files on page 180 Variable information The Variables dialog box displays variable definition information for the currently selected variable including e Variable label e Data format e User missing values e Value labels e Measurement level Visible The Visible column in the variable list indicates if the variable is currently visible in the Data Editor and in dialog box variable lists Go To Goes to the selected variable in the Data Editor window Paste Pastes the selected variables into the designated sy
370. operties for each model You_can override this setting and include all views or exclude all but the currently visible view See the topic Model properties on page 148 for more information Note all model views including tables are exported as graphics Page Setup for Export This opens a dialog where you can define the page size and margins for the exported document The document width used to determine wrapping and shrinking behavior is the page width minus the left and right margins To set Word export options 1 Select Word RTF as the export format 2 Click Change Options Excel options The following options are available for exporting output in Excel format Create a worksheet or workbook or modify an existing worksheet By default a new workbook is created If a file with the specified name already exists it will be overwritten If you select the option to create a worksheet if a worksheet with the specified name already exists in the specified file it will be overwritten If you select the option to modify an existing worksheet you must also specify the worksheet name This is optional for creating a worksheet Worksheet names cannot exceed 31 characters and cannot contain forward or back slashes square brackets question marks or asterisks When exporting to Excel 97 2004 if you modify an existing worksheet charts model views and tree diagrams are not included in the exported output Location in worksheet
371. opic Text Control on page 221 for more information e Number control A text box that is restricted to numeric values as input See the topic Number Control on page 221 for more information e Static Text control A control for displaying static text See the topic Static Text Control on page 222 for more information e Item Group A container for grouping a set of controls such as a set of check boxes See the topic Item Group on page 222 for more information e Radio Group A group of radio buttons See the topic Radio Group on page 223 for more information e Check Box Group A container for a set of controls that are enabled or disabled as a group by a single check box See the topic Check Box Group on page 224 for more information e File Browser A control for browsing the file system to open or save a file See the topic File Browser on page 224 for more information e Sub dialog Button A button for launching a sub dialog See the topic Sub dialog Button on page for more information Source List The Source Variable List control displays the list of variables from the active dataset that are available to the end user of the dialog You can display all variables from the active dataset the default or you can filter the list based on type and measurement level for instance numeric variables that have a measurement level of scale Use of a Source List control implies the use of
372. option to be enabled SSL must be configured on your desktop computer and the server User prompts A production job prompts you for values whenever you run a production job that contains defined runtime symbols You can replace or modify the default values that are displayed Those values are then substituted for the runtime symbols in all command syntax files associated with the production job Background job status The background job status tab displays the status of production jobs that have been submitted to run in the background on a remote server Server name Displays the name of the currently selected remote server Only jobs submitted to that server are displayed in the list To display jobs submitted to a different server click Select Server Job status information Includes production job name current job status and start and end time Chapter 21 Production jobs 235 Refresh Updates the job status information Get job output Retrieves the output from the selected production job The output for each job resides on the server the job was run on so you must switch to the status for that server to select the job and retrieve the output This button is disabled if the job status is Running Cancel job Cancels the selected production job This button is only enabled if the job status is Running Remove job Removes the selected production job This removes the job from the list and removes the associated files from the
373. options are e Word RTF Pivot tables are exported as Word tables with all formatting attributes intact for example cell borders font styles and background colors Text output is exported as formatted RTF Charts tree diagrams and model views are included in PNG format Note Microsoft Word may not display extremely wide tables properly e Excel Pivot table rows columns and cells are exported as Excel rows columns and cells with all formatting attributes intact for example cell borders font styles and background colors Text output is exported with all font attributes intact Each line in the text output is a row in the Excel file with the entire contents of the line contained in a single cell Charts tree diagrams and model views are included in PNG format Output can be exported as Excel 97 2004 or Excel 2007 and higher e HTML Pivot tables are exported as HTML tables Text output is exported as preformatted HTML Charts tree diagrams and model views are embedded in the document in the selected graphic format A browser compatible with HTML 5 is required for viewing output exported in HTML format e Web Report A web report is an interactive document that is compatible with most browsers Many of the interactive features of pivot tables available in the Viewer are also available in web reports You can also export a web report as an IBM Cognos Active Report e Portable Document Format All output is exported as it appears in
374. or combination of field values must be unique for each case To match variables with fields in the database that uniquely identify each record 1 Drag and drop the variable s onto the corresponding database fields or 2 Select a variable from the list of variables select the corresponding field in the database table and click Connect To delete a connection line 3 Select the connection line and press the Delete key Note The variable names and database field names may not be identical since database field names may contain characters not allowed in IBM SPSS Statistics variable names but if the active dataset was created from the database table you are modifying either the variable names or the variable labels will usually be at least similar to the database field names Replacing Values in Existing Fields To replace values of existing fields in a database 1 In the Choose how to export the data panel of the Export to Database Wizard select Replace values in existing fields 2 In the Select a table or view panel select the database table 3 In the Match cases to records panel match the variables that uniquely identify each case to the corresponding database field names 4 For each field for which you want to replace values drag and drop the variable that contains the new values into the Source of values column next to the corresponding database field name e As a general rule the basic data type string or numeric
375. or linear models it is the number of coefficients for neural networks it is the number of synapses Records The weighted number of input records in the training sample Automatic Data Preparation This view shows information about which fields were excluded and how transformed fields were derived in the automatic data preparation ADP step For each field that was transformed or excluded the table lists the field name its role in the analysis and the action taken by the ADP step Fields are sorted by ascending alphabetical order of field names The action Trim outliers if shown indicates that values of continuous predictors that lie beyond a cutoff value 3 standard deviations from the mean have been set to the cutoff value Split Model Viewer The Split Model Viewer lists the models for each split and provides summaries about the split models Split The column heading shows the field s used to create splits and the cells are the split values Double click any split to open a Model Viewer for the model built for that split Accuracy Overall accuracy formatted as a percentage Chapter 12 Models 151 Model Size Model size depends on the modeling method for trees it is the number of nodes in the tree for linear models it is the number of coefficients for neural networks it is the number of synapses Records The weighted number of input records in the training sample 152 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Gu
376. or replace information in the Viewer from the menus choose Edit gt Find or Edit gt Replace You can use Find and Replace to Search the entire document or just the selected items Search down or up from the current location Search both panes or restrict the search to the contents or outline pane Search for hidden items These include any items hidden in the contents pane for example Notes tables which are hidden by default and hidden rows and columns in pivot tables Restrict the search criteria to case sensitive matches Restrict the search criteria in pivot tables to matches of the entire cell contents Restrict the search criteria in pivot tables to footnote markers only This option is not available if the selection in the Viewer includes anything other than pivot tables Hidden Items and Pivot Table Layers Layers beneath the currently visible layer of a multidimensional pivot table are not considered hidden and will be included in the search area even when hidden items are not included in the search Hidden items include hidden items in the contents pane items with closed book icons in the outline pane or included within collapsed blocks of the outline pane and rows and columns in pivot tables either hidden by default for example empty rows and columns are hidden by default or manually hidden by editing the table and selectively hiding specific rows or columns Hidden items are only included in the search if you expl
377. or selecting multiple items in a list e Press Ctrl A to select all items in a list e Use Shift click to select multiple contiguous items e Use Ctrl click to select multiple noncontiguous items To end and delete OMS requests Active and new OMS requests are displayed in the Requests list with the most recent request at the top You can change the widths of the information columns by clicking and dragging the borders and you can scroll the list horizontally to see more information about a particular request An asterisk after the word Active in the Status column indicates an OMS request that was created with command syntax that includes features that are not available in the Control Panel To end a specific active OMS request 1 In the Requests list click any cell in the row for the request 2 Click End To end all active OMS requests 1 Click End All To delete a new request a request that has been added but is not yet active 1 In the Requests list click any cell in the row for the request 2 Click Delete Note Active OMS requests are not ended until you click OK Output object types There are different types of output objects 240 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Charts This includes charts created with the Chart Builder charting procedures and charts created by statistical procedures for example a bar chart created by the Frequencies procedure Headings Text objects that are label
378. or the values Image Options The available image types are EPS JPEG TIFF PNG and BMP On Windows operating systems EMF enhanced metafile format is also available You can also scale the image size from 1 to 200 Chapter 21 Production jobs 233 Production jobs with OUTPUT commands Production jobs honor OUTPUT commands such as OUTPUT SAVE OUTPUT ACTIVATE and OUTPUT NEW OUTPUT SAVE commands executed during the course of a production job will write the contents of the specified output documents to the specified locations This is in addition to the output file created by the production job When using OUTPUT NEW to create a new output document it is recommended that you explicitly save it with the OUTPUT SAVE command A production job output file consists of the contents of the active output document as of the end of the job For jobs containing OUTPUT commands the output file may not contain all output created in the session For example suppose the production job consists of a number of procedures followed by an OUTPUT NEW command followed by more procedures but no more OUTPUT commands The OUTPUT NEW command defines a new active output document At the end of the production job it will contain output from only the procedures executed after the OUTPUT NEW command Runtime values Runtime values defined in a production job file and used in a command syntax file simplify tasks such as running the same analysis for different d
379. ord responses to questions where the respondent can give more than one answer Multiple response sets are treated like categorical variables and most of the things you can do with categorical variables you can also do with multiple response sets Multiple response sets are constructed from multiple variables in the data file A multiple response set is a special construct within a data file You can define and save multiple response sets in IBM SPSS Statistics data files but you cannot import or export multiple response sets from to other file formats You can copy multiple response sets from other IBM SPSS Statistics data files using Copy Data Properties which is accessed from the Data menu in the Data Editor window Defining Multiple Response Sets To define multiple response sets 1 From the menus choose Data gt Define Multiple Response Sets 2 Select two or more variables If your variables are coded as dichotomies indicate which value you want to have counted 3 Enter a unique name for each multiple response set The name can be up to 63 bytes long A dollar sign is automatically added to the beginning of the set name 4 Enter a descriptive label for the set This is optional 5 Click Add to add the multiple response set to the list of defined sets Dichotomies Chapter 7 Data preparation 69 A multiple dichotomy set typically consists of multiple dichotomous variables variables with only two possible values of a ye
380. ormat dd mm yy and mm dd yy are displayed with slashes for delimiters and numbers for the month Internally dates are stored as the number of seconds from October 14 1582 The century range for dates with two digit years is determined by your Options settings from the Edit menu choose Options and then click the Data tab e For time formats you can use colons periods or spaces as delimiters between hours minutes and seconds Times are displayed with colons as delimiters Internally times are stored as a number of seconds that represents a time interval For example 10 00 00 is stored internally as 36000 which is 60 seconds per minute x 60 minutes per hour x 10 hours Variable labels You can assign descriptive variable labels up to 256 characters 128 characters in double byte languages Variable labels can contain spaces and reserved characters that are not allowed in variable names To specify variable labels 1 Make the Data Editor the active window 2 Double click a variable name at the top of the column in Data View or click the Variable View tab 3 In the Label cell for the variable enter the descriptive variable label Value labels You can assign descriptive value labels for each value of a variable This process is particularly useful if your data file uses numeric codes to represent non numeric categories for example codes of 1 and 2 for male and female To specify value labels 1 Click the button in the
381. ormation is available in two forms integrated into the overall Help system and as a separate document in PDF form in the Command Syntax Reference available from the Help menu e Statistical Algorithms The algorithms used for most statistical procedures are available in two forms integrated into the overall Help system and as a separate document in PDF form available on the manuals CD For links to specific algorithms in the Help system choose Algorithms from the Help menu Context sensitive Help In many places in the user interface you can get context sensitive Help e Dialog box Help buttons Most dialog boxes have a Help button that takes you directly to a Help topic for that dialog box The Help topic provides general information and links to related topics e Pivot table pop up menu Help Right click on terms in an activated pivot table in the Viewer and choose What s This from the pop up menu to display definitions of the terms e Command syntax In a command syntax window position the cursor anywhere within a syntax block for a command and press F1 on the keyboard A complete command syntax chart for that command will be displayed Complete command syntax documentation is available from the links in the list of related topics and from the Help Contents tab Other Resources Technical Support Web site Answers to many common problems can be found at http www ibm com support The Technical Support Web site requires a login ID and
382. ort all the views in the model Interacting with a model To interact with a model you first activate it 1 Double click the model or 2 Right click the model and from the pop up menu choose Edit Content 3 From the submenu choose In Separate Window Activating the model displays the model in the Model Viewer See the topic Working with the Model for more information Working with the Model Viewer The Model Viewer is an interactive tool for displaying the available model views and editing the look of the model views For information about displaying the Model Viewer see Interacting with a model There are two different styles of Model Viewer e Split into main auxiliary views In this style the main view appears in the left part of the Model Viewer The main view displays some general visualization for example a network graph for the model The main view itself may have more than one model view The drop down list below the main view allows you to choose from the available main views The auxiliary view appears in the right part of the Model Viewer The auxiliary view typically displays a more detailed visualization including tables of the model compared to the general visualization in the main view Like the main view the auxiliary view may have more than one model view The drop down list below the auxiliary view allows you to choose from the available main views The auxiliary can also display specific visuali
383. ost any way that you want and provides some control over the automatic determination of primary versus duplicate cases To Identify and Flag Duplicate Cases 1 From the menus choose Data gt Identify Duplicate Cases 2 Select one or more variables that identify matching cases 3 Select one or more of the options in the Variables to Create group Optionally you can 4 Select one or more variables to sort cases within groups defined by the selected matching cases variables The sort order defined by these variables determines the first and last case in each group Otherwise the original file order is used 5 Automatically filter duplicate cases so that they won t be included in reports charts or calculations of statistics Define matching cases by Cases are considered duplicates if their values match for all selected variables If you want to identify only cases that are a 100 match in all respects select all of the variables Sort within matching groups by Cases are automatically sorted by the variables that define matching cases You can select additional sorting variables that will determine the sequential order of cases in each matching group e For each sort variable you can sort in ascending or descending order e If you select multiple sort variables cases are sorted by each variable within categories of the preceding variable in the list For example if you select date as the first sorting variable and amount a
384. ot confirm the accuracy of performance compatibility or any other claims related to non IBM products Questions on the capabilities of non IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products All statements regarding IBM s future direction or intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice and represent goals and objectives only This information contains examples of data and reports used in daily business operations To illustrate them as completely as possible the examples include the names of individuals companies brands and products All of these names are fictitious and any similarity to the names and addresses used by an actual business enterprise is entirely coincidental COPYRIGHT LICENSE This information contains sample application programs in source language which illustrate programming techniques on various operating platforms You may copy modify and distribute these sample programs in any form without payment to IBM for the purposes of developing using marketing or distributing application programs conforming to the application programming interface for the operating platform for which the sample programs are written These examples have not been thoroughly tested under all conditions IBM therefore cannot guarantee or imply reliability serviceability or function of these programs The sample programs are provided AS IS without warranty of any kind IBM shall not be liable for any damages aris
385. ote If your Model Viewer does not support a print icon then choose File gt Print Printing from the output Viewer When you print from the output Viewer the number of views that are printed for a specific model depend on the model s properties The model can be set to print only the displayed view or all of the available model views See the topic Model properties for more information 148 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Exporting a model By default when you export models from the output Viewer inclusion or exclusion of model views is controlled by the model properties for each model For more information about model properties see On export you can override this setting and include all model views or only the currently visible model view In the Export Output dialog box click Change Options in the Document group For more information about exporting and this dialog box se Export output onl Note that all model views including tables are exported as graphics Also note that auxiliary views based on selections in the main view are never exported Saving fields used in the model to a new dataset You can save fields used in the model to a new dataset 1 Activate the model in the Model Viewer See the topic Interacting with a model on page 147 for more information 2 From the menus choose Generate gt Field Selection Model input and target Dataset name Specify a valid dataset name
386. other file types for example Viewer files syntax files and script files the local view is always used Availability of Procedures in Distributed Analysis Mode In distributed analysis mode procedures are available for use only if they are installed on both your local version and the version on the remote server If you have optional components installed locally that are not available on the remote server and you switch from your local computer to a remote server the affected procedures will be removed from the menus and the corresponding command syntax will result in errors Switching back to local mode will restore all affected procedures Absolute versus Relative Path Specifications In distributed analysis mode relative path specifications for data files and command syntax files are relative to the current server not relative to your local computer A relative path specification such as mydocs mydata sav does not point to a directory and file on your local drive it points to a directory and file on the remote server s hard drive Windows UNC Path Specifications If you are using a Windows server version you can use universal naming convention UNC specifications when accessing data and syntax files with command syntax The general form of a UNC specification is servername sharename path filename e Servername is the name of the computer that contains the data file e Sharename is the folder directory on that compu
387. ouble number of seconds Wkday Integer 1 7 Month Integer 1 12 Dollar Float or Double Custom Currency Float or Double String Char or Varchar User Missing Values There are two options for the treatment of user missing values when data from variables are exported to database fields e Export as valid values User missing values are treated as regular valid nonmissing values e Export numeric user missing as nulls and export string user missing values as blank spaces Numeric user missing values are treated the same as system missing values String user missing values are converted to blank spaces strings cannot be system missing Selecting a Data Source In the first panel of the Export to Database Wizard you select the data source to which you want to export data Chapter 3 Data files 31 You can export data to any database source for which you have the appropriate ODBC driver Note Exporting data to OLE DB data sources is not supported If you do not have any ODBC data sources configured or if you want to add a new data source click Add ODBC Data Source e On Linux operating systems this button is not available ODBC data sources are specified in odbc ini and the ODBCINI environment variables must be set to the location of that file For more information see the documentation for your database drivers e In distributed analysis mode available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server this button is not available To ad
388. oup which is either the original file order or the order determined by any specified sort variables Move matching cases to the top Sorts the data file so that all groups of matching cases are at the top of the data file making it easy to visually inspect the matching cases in the Data Editor Display frequencies for created variables Frequency tables containing counts for each value of the created variables For example for the primary indicator variable the table would show the number of cases with a value 0 for that variable which indicates the number of duplicates and the number of cases with a value of 1 for that variable which indicates the number of unique and primary cases Missing Values For numeric variables the system missing value is treated like any other value cases with the system missing value for an identifier variable are treated as having matching values for that variable For string variables cases with no value for an identifier variable are treated as having matching values for that variable Visual Binning Visual Binning is designed to assist you in the process of creating new variables based on grouping contiguous values of existing variables into a limited number of distinct categories You can use Visual Binning to e Create categorical variables from continuous scale variables For example you could use a scale income variable to create a new categorical variable that contains income ranges e Colla
389. output Does not apply to simple text output The list of available languages depends on the currently installed language files Note This setting does not affect the user interface language Depending on the language you might also need to use Unicode character encoding for characters to render properly Note Custom scripts that rely on language specific text strings in the output might not run correctl when you change the output language For more information see the topic Script options on page 203 196 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide User Interface This setting controls the language that is used in menus dialogs and other user interface features Note This setting does not affect the output language Character Encoding and Locale This controls the default behavior for determining the encoding for reading and writing data files and syntax files You can change these settings only when there are no open data sources and the settings remain in effect for subsequent sessions until explicitly changed Unicode universal character set Use Unicode encoding UTF 8 for reading and writing files This mode is referred to as Unicode mode Locale s writing system Use the current locale selection to determine the encoding for reading and writing files This mode is referred to as code page mode Locale You can select a locale from the list or enter any valid locale value OS writing system sets the locale to th
390. paratom Variable properties Defining Variable Properties To Define Variable Properties Defining Value Labels and Other Variable Properties J 8 Assigning the Measurement Lavell Custom Variable Attributes Copying Variable Properties p Setting measurement level for variables with unknown measurement level Multiple Response Sets Defining Multiple Response Sets Copy Data Properties Par Copying Data Properties Identifying Duplicate Cases Visual Binning To Bin Variables Binning Variables Automatically Generating Binined Categories Copying Binned Categories User Missing Values in Visual Binning Chapter 8 Data Transformations Data Transformations Computing Variables Compute Variable If Cases Compute Variable Type and Label Functions Se ce a Missing Values in F nctons Random Number Generators j Count Occurrences of Values within Cases Count Values within Cases Values to Count Count Occurrences If Cases Shift Values Recoding Values Recode into Same Variables P Recode into Same Variables Old and New Values 86 Recode into Different Variables Recode into Different Variables Old andl New Values Automatic Recode Rank Cases M Rank Cases Types Rank Cases Ties Date and Time Wizard Dates and Times in IBM SPSS Statistics Create a Date Time Variable from a String Create a Date Time Variable from a Set of Variables Add or Subtract Valties from
391. password Information on how to obtain an ID and password is provided at the URL listed above If you re a student using a student academic or grad pack version of any IBM SPSS software product please see our special a for Halucatton cages for students If you re a student using a university supplied copy of the IBM SPSS software please contact the IBM SPSS product coordinator at your university SPSS Community The SPSS community has resources for all levels of users and application developers Download utilities graphics examples new statistical modules and articles Visit the SPSS community at http koww ibm com developerworks spssdevcentral Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 7 Getting Help on Output Terms To see a definition for a term in pivot table output in the Viewer 1 Double click the pivot table to activate it 2 Right click on the term that you want explained 3 Choose What s This from the pop up menu A definition of the term is displayed in a pop up window Show me 8 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 3 Data files Data files come in a wide variety of formats and this software is designed to handle many of them including e Spreadsheets created with Excel and Lotus e Database tables from many database sources including Oracle SQLServer Access dBASE and others e Tab delimited and other types of simple text files e Data files in IBM SPSS Statistics format created
392. pasted as tables that can be edited in that application Charts trees and model views are pasted as images e Metafile and image formats All the selected output objects are pasted as a single object in the other application BIFF format Charts trees and model views are excluded You can also use to export multiple output objects to other applications formats Copy Special When copying and pasting large amounts of output particularly very large pivot tables you can improve the speed of the operation by using Edit gt Copy Special to limit the number of formats copied to the clipboard You can also save the selected formats as the default set of formats to copy to the clipboard This setting persists across sessions Export output Export Output saves Viewer output in HTML text Word RTFE Excel PowerPoint requires PowerPoint 97 or later and PDF formats Charts can also be exported in a number of different graphics formats Note Export to PowerPoint is available only on Windows operating systems and is not available in the Student Version Chapter 10 Working with output 123 To Export Output 1 Make the Viewer the active window click anywhere in the window 2 From the menus choose File gt Export 3 Enter a filename or prefix for charts and select an export format Objects to Export You can export all objects in the Viewer all visible objects or only selected objects Document Type The available
393. place existing fields but it may be helpful to know what fields are already present in the table If you want to replace the values of existing fields see Replacing Values in Existing Fields on page 33 Appending New Records Cases To append new records cases to a database table 1 In the Choose how to export the data panel of the Export to Database Wizard select Append new records to an existing table 2 In the Select a table or view panel select the database table 3 Match variables in the active dataset to table fields by dragging and dropping variables to the Source of values column The Export to Database Wizard will automatically select all variables that match existing fields based on information about the original database table stored in the active dataset if available and or variable names that are the same as field names This initial automatic matching is intended only as a guide and does not prevent you from changing the way in which variables are matched with database fields When adding new records to an existing table the following basic rules limitations apply e All cases or all selected cases in the active dataset are added to the table If any of these cases duplicate existing records in the database an error may result if a duplicate key value is encountered For information on exporting only selected cases see Selecting Cases to Export on page 33 e You can use the values of new varia
394. plication such as WinZip on Windows 3 Open the new properties file with a text editor that supports UTF 8 such as Notepad on Windows or the TextEdit application on Mac Modify the values associated with any properties that need to be Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 227 localized but do not modify the names of the properties Properties associated with a specific control are prefixed with the identifier for the control For example the ToolTip property for a control with the identifier options_button is options_button_tooltip_LABEL Title properties are simply named lt identifier gt _LABEL as in options_button_LABEL When the dialog is launched IBM SPSS Statistics will search for a properties file whose language identifier matches the current language as specified by the Language drop down on the General tab in the Options dialog box If no such properties file is found the default file lt Dialog Name gt properties will be used To Localize the Help File 1 Make a copy of the help file associated with the dialog and localize the text for the language you want The copy must reside in the same folder as the help file and not in a sub folder The help file should reside in the ext lib lt Dialog Name gt folder of the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory for Windows and Linux and under the Library Application Support IBM SPSS Statistics 22 CustomDialogs lt Dialog Name gt folder for Mac If you have specified
395. plied Table 22 Rules for determining default measurement level Condition Measurement Level Format is dollar or custom currency Continuous Format is date or time excluding Month and Wkday Continuous Chapter 18 Options 195 Table 22 Rules for determining default measurement level continued Condition Measurement Level All values of a variable are missing Nominal Variable contains at least one non integer value Continuous Variable contains at least one negative value Continuous Variable contains no valid values less than 10 000 Continuous Variable has N or more valid unique values Continuous Variable has no valid values less than 10 Continuous Variable has less than N valid unique values Nominal N is the user specified cut off value The default is 24 Rounding and Truncation of Numeric Values For the RND and TRUNC functions this setting controls the default threshold for rounding up values that are very close to a rounding boundary The setting is specified as a number of bits and is set to 6 at install time which should be sufficient for most applications Setting the number of bits to 0 produces the same results as in release 10 Setting the number of bits to 10 produces the same results as in releases 11 and 12 e For the RND function this setting specifies the number of least significant bits by which the value to be rounded may fall short of the threshold for rounding
396. ply it to other variables and other data files For example you may have a large number of alphanumeric product codes that you autorecode into integers every month but some months new product codes are added that change the original autorecoding scheme If you save the original scheme in a template and then apply it to the new data that contain the new set of codes any new codes encountered in the data are autorecoded into values higher than the last value in the template preserving the original autorecode scheme of the original product codes Chapter 8 Data Transformations 87 Save template as Saves the autorecode scheme for the selected variables in an external template file e The template contains information that maps the original nonmissing values to the recoded values e Only information for nonmissing values is saved in the template User missing value information is not retained e If you have selected multiple variables for recoding but you have not selected to use the same autorecoding scheme for all variables or you are not applying an existing template as part of the autorecoding the template will be based on the first variable in the list e If you have selected multiple variables for recoding and you have also selected Use the same recoding scheme for all variables and or you have selected Apply template then the template will contain the combined autorecoding scheme for all variables Apply template from Applies a previou
397. ply to trees Model Viewer items numeric values with the DOT or COMMA format or numeric values with a DOLLAR or custom currency format It does however apply to the display of the days value for numeric values with a DTIME format for example to the value of ddd in the format ddd hh mm Measurement System The measurement system used points inches or centimeters for specifying attributes such as pivot table cell margins cell widths and space between tables for printing Notification Controls the manner in which the program notifies you that it has finished running a procedure and that the results are available in the Viewer Viewer Options Viewer output display options affect only new output that is produced after you change the settings Output that is already displayed in the Viewer is not affected by changes in these settings Initial Output State Controls which items are automatically displayed or hidden each time that you run a procedure and how items are initially aligned You can control the display of the following items log warnings notes titles pivot tables charts tree diagrams and text output You can also turn the display of commands in the log on or off You can copy command syntax from the log and save it in a syntax file Note All output items are displayed left aligned in the Viewer Only the alignment of printed output is affected by the justification settings Centered and right aligned items are identifi
398. points 4 From the menus choose Tools gt Clear All Breakpoints See Running Command Syntax on page 169 for information about the run time behavior in the presence of breakpoints Bookmarks Bookmarks allow you to quickly navigate to specified positions in a command syntax file You can have up to 9 bookmarks in a given file Bookmarks are saved with the file but are not included when copying text To Insert a Bookmark 1 Position the cursor on the line where you want to insert the bookmark 2 From the menus choose Tools gt Toggle Bookmark The new bookmark is assigned the next available number from 1 to 9 It is represented as a square enclosing the assigned number and displayed in the gutter to the left of the command text Clearing Bookmarks To clear a single bookmark 1 Position the cursor on the line containing the bookmark 2 From the menus choose Tools gt Toggle Bookmark To clear all bookmarks 1 From the menus choose Tools gt Clear All Bookmarks Renaming a Bookmark You can associate a name with a bookmark This is in addition to the number 1 9 assigned to the bookmark when it was created 1 From the menus choose Tools gt Rename Bookmark 2 Enter a name for the bookmark and click OK The specified name replaces any existing name for the bookmark Navigating with Bookmarks To navigate to the next or previous bookmark Chapter 14 Working with Command Syntax 167 1 From the menus
399. provides the ability to set the measurement level for those variables This is important for procedures in which measurement level can affect the results or determines which features are available See the topic Setting measurement level for variables with unknown measurement level on page 68 for more information e Copy Data Properties provides the ability to use an existing IBM SPSS Statistics data file as a template for file and variable properties in the current data file This is particularly useful if you frequently use external format data files that contain similar content such as monthly reports in Excel format See the topic Copying Data Properties on page 71 for more information P g g Defining Variable Properties Define Variable Properties is designed to assist you in the process of assigning attributes to variables including creating descriptive value labels for categorical nominal ordinal variables Define Variable Properties e Scans the actual data values and lists all unique data values for each selected variable e Identifies unlabeled values and provides an auto label feature e Provides the ability to copy defined value labels and other attributes from another variable to the selected variable or from the selected variable to multiple additional variables Note To use Define Variable Properties without first scanning cases enter 0 for the number of cases to scan Copyright IBM Corporation 1
400. providing a user ID and password The necessary authentication is performed with the user s existing credentials on the current machine obtained for example from Windows Active Directory Contact your system administrator for information about available servers a user ID and password domain names and other connection information including whether single sign on is supported at your site Note Single sign on is not supported for servers running UNIX You can select a default server and save the user ID domain name and password that are associated with any server You are automatically connected to the default server when you start a new session Important You can connect to a server that is not at the same release level as the client The server can be one or two releases newer or older compared to the client However it is not recommended to maintain this configuration for an extended time If the server is newer than the client the server may create output that cannot be read by the client If the client is newer than the server syntax submitted by the client may not be recognized by the server Therefore you should talk to your administrator about connecting to a server that is at the same release level as the client If you are licensed to use the Statistics Adapter and your site is running IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services 3 5 or later you can click Search to view a list of servers that are available on your network If
401. pse a large number of ordinal categories into a smaller set of categories For example you could collapse a rating scale of nine down to three categories representing low medium and high In the first step you 1 Select the numeric scale and or ordinal variables for which you want to create new categorical binned variables Optionally you can limit the number of cases to scan For data files with a large number of cases limiting the number of cases scanned can save time but you should avoid this if possible because it will affect the distribution of values used in subsequent calculations in Visual Binning Note String variables and nominal numeric variables are not displayed in the source variable list Visual Binning requires numeric variables measured on either a scale or ordinal level since it assumes that the data values represent some logical order that can be used to group values in a meaningful fashion You can change the defined measurement level of a variable in Variable View in the Data Editor See the topic Variable measurement level on page 49 for more information To Bin Variables 1 From the menus in the Data Editor window choose Transform gt Visual Binning 2 Select the numeric scale and or ordinal variables for which you want to create new categorical binned variables 3 Select a variable in the Scanned Variable List 4 Enter a name for the new binned variable Variable names must be unique and
402. ptions Script options Syntax editor options Multiple imputations options Chapter 19 Customizing Menus and Toolbars Customizing Menus and Toolbars Menu Editor Customizing Toolbars Show Toolbars To Customize Toolbars Toolbar Properties Edit Toolbar Create New Tool vi IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 175 175 176 177 177 178 179 180 180 183 183 183 183 184 184 184 185 185 185 188 191 191 193 193 198 194 195 196 196 197 198 198 198 199 199 199 200 200 202 203 203 204 207 207 207 207 207 207 208 208 208 Chapter 20 Creating and ee Custom Dialogs Custom Dialog Builder Layout Building a Custom Dialog Dialog Properties Specifying the Menu L catiori fof a Custorii Dialog Laying Out Controls on the Canvas Building the Syntax Template Previewing a Custom Dialog Managing Custom Dialogs Control Types Source List Target List Filtering Variable Lists Check Box Combo Box and List Box Controls Text Control Number Control Static Text Control Item Group Radio Group Check Box Group File Browser Sub dialog Button Custom Dialogs for Extension Commands Creating Localized Versions of Custom Dialogs Chapter 21 Production ees Syntax files Output HTML options PowerPoint options PDF options Text opt
403. ptive Statistics table generated by the Descriptives procedure You then run a Python program that executes the Descriptives procedure The Python autoscript will be executed 254 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Python Program Run from Python Script Python scripts can run command syntax which means they can run command syntax containing Python programs Limitations and Warnings e Running a Python program from the Python editor launched by IBM SPSS Statistics will start up a new instance of the IBM SPSS Statistics processor and will not interact with the instance of IBM SPSS Statistics that launched the editor e Python programs are not intended to be run from Utilities gt Run Script e Python programs cannot be run as autoscripts e The interfaces exposed by the spss module cannot be used in a Python script Script Editor for the Python Programming Language For the Python programming language the default editor is IDLE which is provided with Python IDLE provides an integrated development environment IDE with a limited set of features Many IDE s are available for the Python programming language For instance on Windows you may choose to use the freely available PythonWin IDE To change the script editor for the Python programming language 1 Open the file clientscriptingcfg ini located in the directory where IBM SPSS Statistics is installed Note clientscriptingcfg ini must be edited with a UTF 16 aware editor s
404. put dialog or from the dialogs for specific statistical procedures e The Table Style dialog can be accessed from the Style Output dialog or from the dialogs for specific statistical procedures e The statistical procedure dialogs that support the Table Style dialog are Bivariate Correlations Crosstabs Custom Tables Descriptives Frequencies Logistic Regression Linear Regression and Means Table The table or tables to which the conditions apply When you access this dialog from the Style Output dialog the only choice is All applicable tables When you access this dialog from a statistical procedure dialog you can select the table type from a list of procedure specific tables Value The row or column label value that defines the area of the table to search for values that meet the conditions You can select a value from the list or enter a value The values in the list are not affected by the output language and apply to numerous variations of the value The values available in the list depend on the table type e Count Rows or columns with any of these labels or the equivalent in the current output language Frequency Count N e Mean Rows or columns with the label Mean or the equivalent in the current output language e Median Rows or columns with the label Median or the equivalent in the current output language e Percent Rows or columns with the label Percent or the equivalent in the current output language e Re
405. py import SpssClient SpssClient StartClient SpssClient RunSyntax r HOST COMMAND net use y myserver data SpssClient StopClient The SpssClient RunSyntax method is used to run a HOST command that calls the Windows net use command to perform the mapping When the StartServer_ script runs IBM SPSS Statistics is in distributed mode so the HOST command runs on the IBM SPSS Statistics Server machine Chapter 23 Scripting Facility 259 260 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 24 TABLES and IGRAPH Command Syntax Converter If you have command syntax files that contain TABLES syntax that you want to convert to CTABLES syntax and or IGRAPH syntax that you want to convert to GGRAPH syntax a simple utility program is provided to help you get started with the conversion process There are however significant functionality differences between TABLES and CTABLES and between IGRAPH and GGRAPH It is likely that you will find that the utility program cannot convert some of your TABLES and IGRAPH syntax jobs or may generate CTABLES and GGRAPH syntax that produces tables and graphs that do not closely resemble the originals produced by the TABLES and IGRAPH commands For most tables you can edit the converted syntax to produce a table closely resembling the original The utility program is designed to e Create a new syntax file from an existing syntax file The original syntax file is not altered e Convert only
406. py this folder to the same relative location in another instance of IBM SPSS Statistics and it will be recognized as an installed dialog the next time that instance is launched e If you have specified alternative locations for installed dialogs using the SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH environment variable then copy the lt Dialog Name gt folder from the appropriate alternate location e If alternative locations for installed dialogs have been defined for the instance of IBM SPSS Statistics you are copying to then you can copy to any one of the specified locations and the dialog will be recognized as an installed dialog the next time that instance is launched Control Types The tools palette provides the controls that can be added to a custom dialog e Source List A list of source variables from the active dataset See the topic for more information e Target List A target for variables transferred from the source list See the topic Target List on page for more information e Check Box A single check box See the topic Check Box on page 219 for more information e Combo Box A combo box for creating drop down lists See the topic Combo Box and List Box Controls on page 219 for more information e List Box A list box for creating single selection or multiple selection lists See the topic and List Box Controls on page 219 for more information e Text control A text box that accepts arbitrary text as input See the t
407. que identifier for the control Title The content of the text block For multi line content use n to specify line breaks Item Group The Item Group control is a container for other controls allowing you to group and control the syntax generated from multiple controls For example you have a set of check boxes that specify optional settings for a subcommand but only want to generate the syntax for the subcommand if at least one box is checked This is accomplished by using an Item Group control as a container for the check box controls The following types of controls can be contained in an Item Group check box combo box text control number control static text radio group and file browser The Item Group control has the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control This is the identifier to use when referencing the control in the syntax template Title An optional title for the group For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks Required for execution True specifies that the OK and Paste buttons will be disabled until at least one control in the group has a value The default is False For example the group consists of a set of check boxes If Required for execution is set to True and all of the boxes are unchecked then OK and Paste will be disabled Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated by this control at run time and can be inserted in the syntax template e You can spe
408. r variables signal the presence or absence of a value for a case An indicator variable has the value of 1 if the case has a value otherwise it is 0 Example The index variable is product It records the products that a customer purchased The original data are Table 20 All products in a single variable column customer product I chick 1 eggs 2 eggs 3 chick Creating an indicator variable results in one new variable for each unique value of product The restructured data are Table 21 Separate indicator variables for each product type customer indchick indeggs 1 1 1 2 0 1 3 1 0 In this example the restructured data could be used to get frequency counts of the products that customers buy Restructure Data Wizard Finish This is the final step of the Restructure Data Wizard Decide what to do with your specifications e Restructure now The wizard will create the new restructured file Choose this if you want to replace the current file immediately 116 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Note If original data are weighted the new data will be weighted unless the variable that is used as the weight is restructured or dropped from the new file e Paste syntax The wizard will paste the syntax it generates into a syntax window Choose this when you are not ready to replace the current file when you want to modify the syntax or when you want to save it for future use Chapter 9 File handling and file
409. r a name for the new variable Variable names must be unique and must follow variable naming rules See the topic Variable names on page 48 for more information 8 g e Label You can enter a descriptive variable label up to 255 characters long The default variable label is the variable label if any or variable name of the source variable with Binned appended to the end of the label Minimum and Maximum Minimum and maximum values for the currently selected variable based on the scanned cases and not including values defined as user missing Nonmissing Values The histogram displays the distribution of nonmissing values for the currently selected variable based on the scanned cases e After you define bins for the new variable vertical lines on the histogram are displayed to indicate the cutpoints that define bins e You can click and drag the cutpoint lines to different locations on the histogram changing the bin ranges e You can remove bins by dragging cutpoint lines off the histogram Note The histogram displaying nonmissing values the minimum and the maximum are based on the scanned values If you do not include all cases in the scan the true distribution may not be accurately reflected particularly if the data file has been sorted by the selected variable If you scan zero cases no information about the distribution of values is available Grid Displays the values that define the upper endpoints of each bin an
410. r in Print Preview with all formatting attributes intact The PDF file includes bookmarks that correspond to the entries in the Viewer outline pane IBM SPSS Statistics Data File This format is a binary file format All output object types other than tables are excluded Each column of a table becomes a variable in the data file To use a data file that is created with OMS in the same session you must end the active OMS request before you can open the information Text Space separated text Output is written as text with tabular output aligned with spaces for fixed pitch fonts Charts tree diagrams and model views are excluded Tabbed Text Tab delimited text For output that is displayed as pivot tables in the Viewer tabs delimit table column elements Text block lines are written as is no attempt is made to divide them with tabs at useful places Charts tree diagrams and model views are excluded Viewer File This is the same format used when you save the contents of a Viewer window Web Report File This output file format is designed for use with Predictive Enterprise Services It is essentially the same as the IBM SPSS Statistics Viewer format except that tree diagrams are saved as static images Word RTF Pivot tables are exported as Word tables with all formatting attributes intact for example cell borders font styles and background colors Text output is exported as formatted RTF Charts tree diagrams and model views are
411. r more variables Transpose cases and variables The IBM SPSS Statistics data file format reads rows as cases and columns as variables For data files in which this order is reversed you can switch the rows and columns and read the data in the correct format Merge files You can merge two or more data files You can combine files with the same variables but different cases or the same cases but different variables Select subsets of cases You can restrict your analysis to a subset of cases or perform simultaneous analyses on different subsets Aggregate data You can change the unit of analysis by aggregating cases based on the value of one or more grouping variables Weight data You can weight cases for analysis based on the value of a weight variable Restructure data You can restructure data to create a single case record from multiple cases or create multiple cases from a single case Sort cases This dialog box sorts cases rows of the active dataset based on the values of one or more sorting variables You can sort cases in ascending or descending order e If you select multiple sort variables cases are sorted by each variable within categories of the preceding variable on the Sort list For example if you select gender as the first sorting variable and minority as the second sorting variable cases will be sorted by minority classification within each gender category e The sort sequence is based on the locale defined
412. r unless you specify the drive as a shared device or specify the folders containing your data files as shared folders Consult the documentation for your operating system for information on how to share folders on your local computer with the server network e If the server is running a different operating system for example you are running Windows and the server is running UNIX you probably won t have access to local data files in distributed analysis mode even if they are in shared folders File Access in Local and Distributed Analysis Mode The view of data folders directories and drives for both your local computer and the network is based on the computer that you are currently using to process commands and run procedures which is not necessarily the computer in front of you Local analysis mode When you use your local computer as your server the view of data files folders and drives in the file access dialog box for opening data files is similar to what you see in other applications or in Windows Explorer You can see all of the data files and folders on your computer and any files and folders on mounted network drives Distributed analysis mode When you use another computer as a remote server to run commands and procedures the view of data files folders and drives represents the view from the remote server computer Although you may see familiar folder names such as Program Files and drives such as C these items
413. ract durations that are fixed values such as 10 days or the values from a numeric variable such as a variable that represents years e Calculate the number of time units between two dates Use this option to obtain the difference between two dates as measured in a chosen unit For example you can obtain the number of years or the number of days separating two dates e Subtract two durations Use this option to obtain the difference between two variables that have formats of durations such as hh mm or hh mm ss Note Tasks are disabled when the dataset lacks the types of variables required to accomplish the task For instance if the dataset lacks two variables with formats of durations then the task to subtract two durations does not apply and is disabled Add or Subtract a Duration from a Date To add or subtract a duration from a date format variable 1 Select Add or subtract a duration from a date on the screen of the Date and Time Wizard labeled Do Calculations on Dates Select Date Time Variable and Duration to Add or Subtract 1 Select a date or time variable 2 Select a duration variable or enter a value for Duration Constant Variables used for durations cannot be date or date time variables They can be duration variables or simple numeric variables 3 Select the unit that the duration represents from the drop down list Select Duration if using a variable and the variable is in the form of a duration such as hh mm or hh
414. rd Select String Variable to Convert to Date Time Variable 1 Select the string variable to convert in the Variables list Note that the list displays only string variables 2 Select the pattern from the Patterns list that matches how dates are represented by the string variable The Sample Values list displays actual values of the selected variable in the data file Values of the string variable that do not fit the selected pattern result in a value of system missing for the new variable Specify Result of Converting String Variable to Date Time Variable 1 Enter a name for the Result Variable This cannot be the name of an existing variable Optionally you can e Select a date time format for the new variable from the Output Format list e Assign a descriptive variable label to the new variable Create a Date Time Variable from a Set of Variables To merge a set of existing variables into a single date time variable 1 Select Create a date time variable from variables holding parts of dates or times on the introduction screen of the Date and Time Wizard Select Variables to Merge into Single Date Time Variable 1 Select the variables that represent the different parts of the date time e Some combinations of selections are not allowed For instance creating a date time variable from Year and Day of Month is invalid because once Year is chosen a full date is required e You cannot use an existing date time variable as one of th
415. reate a new one To create a new syntax file from the menus choose File gt New gt Syntax 4 In the Viewer double click a log item to activate it 5 Select the text that you want to copy 6 From the Viewer menus choose Edit gt Copy 7 In a syntax window from the menus choose Edit gt Paste Using the Syntax Editor The Syntax Editor provides an environment specifically designed for creating editing and running command syntax The Syntax Editor features e Auto Completion As you type you can select commands subcommands keywords and keyword values from a context sensitive list You can choose to be prompted automatically with the list or display the list on demand e Color Coding Recognized elements of command syntax commands subcommands keywords and keyword values are color coded so at a glance you can spot unrecognized terms Also a number of common syntactical errors such as unmatched quotes are color coded for quick identification e Breakpoints You can stop execution of command syntax at specified points allowing you to inspect the data or output before proceeding e Bookmarks You can set bookmarks that allow you to quickly navigate large command syntax files e Auto Indentation You can automatically format your syntax with an indentation style similar to syntax pasted from a dialog box e Step Through You can step through command syntax one command at a time advancing to the next command wi
416. reation Adding and Editing Titles and Footnotes You can add titles and footnotes to the chart to help a viewer interpret it The Chart Builder also automatically displays error bar information in the footnotes How to Add Titles and Footnotes 1 Click the Titles Footnotes tab 2 Select one or more titles and footnotes The canvas displays some text to indicate that these were added to the chart 3 Use the Element Properties dialog box to edit the title footnote text How to Remove a Title or Footnote 1 Click the Titles Footnotes tab 2 Deselect the title or footnote that you want to remove How to Edit the Title or Footnote Text When you add titles and footnotes you cannot edit their associated text directly on the chart As with other items in the Chart Builder you edit them using the Element Properties dialog box 1 Click Element Properties if the Element Properties dialog box is not displayed 2 In the Edit Properties Of list select a title subtitle or footnote for example Title 1 3 In the content box type the text associated with the title subtitle or footnote 4 Click Apply Chapter 15 Overview of the chart facility 175 Setting General Options The Chart Builder offers general options for the chart These are options that apply to the overall chart rather than a specific item on the chart General options include missing value handling templates chart size and panel wrapping 1 Click Options
417. red in this control in order for execution to proceed If True is specified the OK and Paste buttons will be disabled until a value is specified for this control If False is specified the absence of a value in this control has no effect on the state of the OK and Paste buttons The default is False Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated by this control at run time and can be inserted in the syntax template e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks e The value ThisValue specifies the run time value of the control which is the content of the text box This is the default e If the Syntax property includes ThisValue and the run time value of the text box is empty then the text box control does not generate any command syntax Number Control The Number control is a text box for entering a numeric value and has the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control This is the identifier to use when referencing the control in the syntax template Title An optional title that appears above the control For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control Mnemonic Key An optional character in the title to use as a keyboard shortcut to the control The character appears underlined in the title The shortcut is activated by pressing Alt mnemonic key The Mnemonic Key proper
418. remote server This button is disabled if the job status is Running Note Background job status does not reflect the status of any jobs run interactively on a remote server Running production jobs from a command line Command line switches enable you to schedule production jobs to run automatically at certain times using scheduling utilities available on your operating system The basic form of the command line argument is stats filename spj production Depending on how you invoke the production job you may need to include directory paths for the stats executable file located in the directory in which the application is installed and or the production job file You can run production jobs from a command line with the following switches production prompt silent Start the application in production mode The prompt and silent keywords specify whether to display the dialog box that prompts for runtime values if they are specified in the job The prompt keyword is the default and shows the dialog box The silent keyword suppresses the dialog box If you use the silent keyword you can define the runtime symbols with the symbol switch Otherwise the default value is used The switchserver and singleseat switches are ignored when using the production switch symbol lt values gt List of symbol value pairs used in the production job Each symbol name starts with Values that contain spaces should be enclosed in quotes Rule
419. res that all values will be displayed Table Comments You can automatically include comments for each table e Comment text is displayed in a tooltip when you hover over a table in the Viewer e Screen readers read the comment text when the table has focus e The tooltip in the Viewer displays only the first 200 characters of the comment but screen readers read the entire text e When you export output to HTML or a web report the comment text is used as alt text Title Include the table title in the comment Procedure Include the name of the procedure that created the table Date Includes the date the table was created Dataset Includes the name of the dataset that was used to create the table Table Rendering This option render tables as legacy tables Legacy tables may render slowly and are only recommended if you require compatibility with IBM SPSS Statistics releases prior to 20 For release 20 and higher all tables have full support for pivoting and editing e Tables other than legacy tables created in IBM SPSS Statistics release 20 or later and lightweight tables in output documents that are modified in release 20 or later but created in release 19 cannot be viewed in releases prior to 19 0 0 2 Such tables are viewable in release 19 0 0 2 where they are rendered as lightweight tables however they may not render the same as in release 20 or later e Lightweight tables created in IBM SPSS Statistics release 19 automatica
420. riable Select the shift method lag or lead and the number of cases to shift Click Change Repeat for each new variable you want to create oan eo Recoding Values You can modify data values by recoding them This is particularly useful for collapsing or combining categories You can recode the values within existing variables or you can create new variables based on the recoded values of existing variables Recode into Same Variables The Recode into Same Variables dialog box allows you to reassign the values of existing variables or collapse ranges of existing values into new values For example you could collapse salaries into salary range categories 84 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide You can recode numeric and string variables If you select multiple variables they must all be the same type You cannot recode numeric and string variables together To Recode Values of a Variable 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Recode into Same Variables 2 Select the variables you want to recode If you select multiple variables they must be the same type numeric or string 3 Click Old and New Values and specify how to recode values Optionally you can define a subset of cases to recode The If Cases dialog box for doing this is the same as the one described for Count Occurrences Recode into Same Variables Old and New Values You can define values to recode in this dialog box All value specifica
421. riables Replacing or modifying data values To Delete the Old Value and Enter a New Value 1 In Data View double click the cell The cell value is displayed in the cell editor 2 Edit the value directly in the cell or in the cell editor 3 Press Enter or select another cell to record the new value Cutting copying and pasting data values You can cut copy and paste individual cell values or groups of values in the Data Editor You can e Move or copy a single cell value to another cell e Move or copy a single cell value to a group of cells Chapter 5 Data Editor 57 e Move or copy the values for a single case row to multiple cases e Move or copy the values for a single variable column to multiple variables e Move or copy a group of cell values to another group of cells Data conversion for pasted values in the data editor If the defined variable types of the source and target cells are not the same the Data Editor attempts to convert the value If no conversion is possible the system missing value is inserted in the target cell Converting numeric or date into string Numeric for example numeric dollar dot or comma and date formats are converted to strings if they are pasted into a string variable cell The string value is the numeric value as displayed in the cell For example for a dollar format variable the displayed dollar sign becomes part of the string value Values that exceed the defined string variable width are
422. ribute in Variable View or in the Custom Variable Properties dialog box in Define Variable Properties indicates that this is an attribute array an attribute that contains multiple values For example you could have an attribute array that identifies all of the source variables used to compute a derived variable Click the button in the cell to display and edit the list of values Customizing Variable View You can use Customize Variable View to control which attributes are displayed in Variable View for example name type label and the order in which they are displayed e Any custom variable attributes associated with the dataset are enclosed in square brackets See the topic Creating Custom Variable Attributes on page 53 for more information e Customized display settings are saved with IBM SPSS Statistics data files e You can also control the default display and order of attributes in Variable View See the topic Changing the default variable view on page 196 for more information To customize Variable View 1 In Variable View from the menus choose View gt Customize Variable View 2 Select check the variable attributes you want to display 54 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide 3 Use the up and down arrow buttons to change the display order of the attributes Restore Defaults Apply the default display and order settings Spell checking variable and value labels To check the spelling
423. ributes for that variable e Copying and pasting variable definition attributes or entire variables in Variable View pastes the selected attributes or the entire variable definition but does not paste any data values 63 Renaming Datasets When you open a data source through the menus and dialog boxes each data source is automatically assigned a dataset name of DataSetn where n is a sequential integer value and when you open a data source using command syntax no dataset name is assigned unless you explicitly specify one with DATASET NAME To provide more descriptive dataset names 1 From the menus in the Data Editor window for the dataset whose name you want to change choose File gt Rename Dataset 2 Enter a new dataset name that conforms to variable naming rules See the topic for more information Suppressing Multiple Datasets If you prefer to have only one dataset available at a time and want to suppress the multiple dataset feature 1 From the menus choose Edit gt Options 2 Click the General tab Select check Open only one dataset at a time See the topic General options on page 193 for more information 64 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 7 Data preparation Once you ve opened a data file or entered data in the Data Editor you can start creating reports charts and analyses without any additional preliminary work However there are some additional data
424. ricted to non negative integers Values are displayed with leading zeros padded to the maximum width of the variable Values can be entered in scientific notation To define variable type 1 Click the button in the Type cell for the variable that you want to define 2 Select the data type in the Variable Type dialog box 3 Click OK Input versus display formats Depending on the format the display of values in Data View may differ from the actual value as entered and stored internally Following are some general guidelines e For numeric comma and dot formats you can enter values with any number of decimal positions up to 16 and the entire value is stored internally The Data View displays only the defined number of decimal places and rounds values with more decimals However the complete value is used in all computations e For string variables all values are right padded to the maximum width For a string variable with a maximum width of three a value of No is stored internally as No and is not equivalent to No e For date formats you can use slashes dashes spaces commas or periods as delimiters between day month and year values and you can enter numbers three letter abbreviations or complete names for 50 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide month values Dates of the general format dd mmm yy are displayed with dashes as delimiters and three letter abbreviations for the month Dates of the general f
425. riting to Intellectual Property Licensing Legal and Intellectual Property Law IBM Japan Ltd 1623 14 Shimotsuruma Yamato shi Kanagawa 242 8502 Japan The following paragraph does not apply to the United Kingdom or any other country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION PROVIDES THIS PUBLICATION AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON INFRINGEMENT MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Some states do not allow disclaimer of express or implied warranties in certain transactions therefore this statement may not apply to you This information could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors Changes are periodically made to the information herein these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication IBM may make improvements and or changes in the product s and or the program s described in this publication at any time without notice Any references in this information to non IBM Web sites are provided for convenience only and do not in any manner serve as an endorsement of those Web sites The materials at those Web sites are not part of the materials for this IBM product and use of those Web sites is at your own risk IBM may use or distribute any of the information you supply in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you
426. rmation recorded under different variable names in the two files For example date of birth might have the variable name brthdate in one file and datebrth in the other file To Select a Pair of Unpaired Variables 1 Click one of the variables on the Unpaired Variables list 2 Ctrl click the other variable on the list Press the Ctrl key and click the left mouse button at the same time 3 Click Pair to move the variable pair to the Variables in New Active Dataset list The variable name from the active dataset is used as the variable name in the merged file Add Cases Rename You can rename variables from either the active dataset or the other dataset before moving them from the unpaired list to the list of variables to be included in the merged data file Renaming variables enables you to e Use the variable name from the other dataset rather than the name from the active dataset for variable pairs e Include two variables with the same name but of unmatched types or different string widths For example to include both the numeric variable sex from the active dataset and the string variable sex from the other dataset one of them must be renamed first Add Cases Dictionary Information Any existing dictionary information variable and value labels user missing values display formats in the active dataset is applied to the merged data file e If any dictionary information for a variable is undefined in the active dataset diction
427. rom the menus choose Utilities gt Designate Window Note For Data Editor windows the active Data Editor window determines the dataset that is used in subsequent calculations or analyses There is no designated Data Editor window See the topic Handling of Multiple Data Sources on page 63 for more information Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of each IBM SPSS Statistics window provides the following information Command status For each procedure or command that you run a case counter indicates the number of cases processed so far For statistical procedures that require iterative processing the number of iterations is displayed Chapter 1 Overview 3 Filter status If you have selected a random sample or a subset of cases for analysis the message Filter on indicates that some type of case filtering is currently in effect and not all cases in the data file are included in the analysis Weight status The message Weight on indicates that a weight variable is being used to weight cases for analysis Split File status The message Split File on indicates that the data file has been split into separate groups for analysis based on the values of one or more grouping variables Dialog boxes Most menu selections open dialog boxes You use dialog boxes to select variables and options for analysis Dialog boxes for statistical procedures and charts typically have two basic components Source variable list A list of
428. rted to IBM SPSS Statistics DATE format d m y values Stata time series date format values weeks months quarters and so on are converted to simple numeric F format preserving the original internal integer value which is the number of weeks months quarters and so on since the start of 1960 Reading Database Files You can read data from any database format for which you have a database driver In local analysis mode the necessary drivers must be installed on your local computer In distributed analysis mode available with IBM SPSS Statistics Server the drivers must be installed on the remote server See the topic Chapter 4 Distributed Analysis Mode on page 41 for more information Chapter 3 Data files 11 Note If you are running the Windows 64 bit version of IBM SPSS Statistics you cannot read Excel Access or dBASE database sources even though they may appear on the list of available database sources The 32 bit ODBC drivers for these products are not compatible To Read Database Files 1 From the menus choose File gt Open Database gt New Query 2 Select the data source 3 If necessary depending on the data source select the database file and or enter a login name password and other information 4 Select the table s and fields For OLE DB data sources available only on Windows operating systems you can only select one table 5 Specify any relationships between your tables 6 Option
429. s Encrypting data files Exporting to a Database Exporting to IBM SPSS Data Collection Comparing datasets Compare Datasets Compare tab Compare Datasets Attributes tab Comparing datasets Output tab Protecting original data Virtual Active File Creating a Data Cache Chapter 4 Distributed Analysis Mode Server Login Adding and Editing Servet Login Settings To Select Switch or Add Servers Sec rn oe Be Roe ee o N 9 yo oo 10 10 10 11 I 11 P G yi7 20 22 24 24 24 24 s 27 s 2f 28 29 29 30 35 36 36 37 Sf 38 38 39 41 41 41 42 Searching for Available Servers 43 Opening Data Files from a Remote Server 43 File Access in Local and Distributed Analysis Mode 43 Availability of Procedures in Distributed Analysis Mode gt 44 Absolute versus Relative Path Specifications 44 Chapter 5 Data Editor 47 Data View 6 amp 2 oy amp fs amp wae Variable View o 47 To display or define variable attrib tes 48 Variable names Bora ee oa oe oh a G Variable measurement level e me ww ce 2 49 Variable type 1 1 ww AD Variable labels L Value labels Sor Bo ome a SD Inserting line breaks in iab ls eo beg 4 40 2 a bL Missing values S51 Roles m 2 on amp oe ee a wk Oe a up oR a DA Column width
430. s There are no empty cells within the boundaries of the data file For numeric variables blank cells are converted to the system missing value For string variables a blank is considered a valid value Variable View Variable View contains descriptions of the attributes of each variable in the data file In Variable View e Rows are variables e Columns are variable attributes You can add or delete variables and modify attributes of variables including the following attributes e Variable name e Data type e Number of digits or characters e Number of decimal places e Descriptive variable and value labels e User defined missing values e Column width e Measurement level All of these attributes are saved when you save the data file 47 In addition to defining variable properties in Variable View there are two other methods for defining variable properties The Copy Data Properties Wizard provides the ability to use an external IBM SPSS Statistics data file or another dataset that is available in the current session as a template for defining file and variable properties in the active dataset You can also use variables in the active dataset as templates for other variables in the active dataset Copy Data Properties is available on the Data menu in the Data Editor window Define Variable Properties also available on the Data menu in the Data Editor window scans your data and lists all unique data values for any selecte
431. s arithmetic operators numeric and other functions logical variables and relational operators Select cases Random sample This dialog box allows you to select a random sample based on an approximate percentage or an exact number of cases Sampling is performed without replacement so the same case cannot be selected more than once Approximately Generates a random sample of approximately the specified percentage of cases Since this routine makes an independent pseudo random decision for each case the percentage of cases selected can only approximate the specified percentage The more cases there are in the data file the closer the percentage of cases selected is to the specified percentage Exactly A user specified number of cases You must also specify the number of cases from which to generate the sample This second number should be less than or equal to the total number of cases in the data file If the number exceeds the total number of cases in the data file the sample will contain proportionally fewer cases than the requested number Select cases Range This dialog box selects cases based on a range of case numbers or a range of dates or times e Case ranges are based on row number as displayed in the Data Editor e Date and time ranges are available only for time series data with defined date variables Data menu Define Dates Note If unselected cases are filtered rather than deleted subsequently sorting the dataset
432. s the second sorting variable cases will be sorted by amount within each date e Use the up and down arrow buttons to the right of the list to change the sort order of the variables e The sort order determines the first and last case within each matching group which determines the value of the optional primary indicator variable For example if you want to filter out all but the most recent case in each matching group you could sort cases within the group in ascending order of a date variable which would make the most recent date the last date in the group Indicator of primary cases Creates a variable with a value of 1 for all unique cases and the case identified as the primary case in each group of matching cases and a value of 0 for the nonprimary duplicates in each group e The primary case can be either the last or first case in each matching group as determined by the sort order within the matching group If you don t specify any sort variables the original file order determines the order of cases within each group e You can use the indicator variable as a filter variable to exclude nonprimary duplicates from reports and analyses without deleting those cases from the data file 74 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Sequential count of matching cases in each group Creates a variable with a sequential value from 1 to n for cases in each matching group The sequence is based on the current order of cases in each gr
433. s for including quotes or apostrophes in string literals may vary across operating systems but enclosing a string that includes single quotes or apostrophes in double quotes usually works for example a quoted value The symbols must be defined in the production job using the Runtime Values tab See the ec e EETA for more information background Run the production job in the background on a remote server Your local computer does not have to remain on and does not have to remain connected to the remote server You can disconnect and retrieve the results later You must also include the production switch and specify the server using the server switch To run production jobs on a remote server you also need to specify the server login information server lt inet hostname port gt or server lt ssl hostname port gt The name or IP address and port number of the server Windows only user lt name gt A valid user name If a domain name is required precede the user name with the domain name and a backslash Windows only password lt password gt The user s password Example 236 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide stats production_jobs prodjobl spj production silent symbol datafile data July_data sav e This example assumes that you are running the command line from the installation directory so no path is required for the stats executable file e This example also assumes that the production job spe
434. s in output lines are broken at underscores periods and points where content changes from lower case to upper case 48 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Variable measurement level You can specify the level of measurement as scale numeric data on an interval or ratio scale ordinal or nominal Nominal and ordinal data can be either string alphanumeric or numeric e Nominal A variable can be treated as nominal when its values represent categories with no intrinsic ranking for example the department of the company in which an employee works Examples of nominal variables include region postal code and religious affiliation e Ordinal A variable can be treated as ordinal when its values represent categories with some intrinsic ranking for example levels of service satisfaction from highly dissatisfied to highly satisfied Examples of ordinal variables include attitude scores representing degree of satisfaction or confidence and preference rating scores e Scale A variable can be treated as scale continuous when its values represent ordered categories with a meaningful metric so that distance comparisons between values are appropriate Examples of scale variables include age in years and income in thousands of dollars Note For ordinal string variables the alphabetic order of string values is assumed to reflect the true order of the categories For example for a string variable with the values of low medium hi
435. s must be in quotation marks and the entire list must be enclosed in square brackets as in IF LABELS Employment Category Education Level 250 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 23 Scripting Facility The scripting facility allows you to automate tasks including e Opening and saving data files e Exporting charts as graphic files in a variety of formats e Customizing output in the Viewer The available scripting languages depend on your platform For Windows the available scripting languages are Basic which is installed with the Core system and the Python programming language For all other platforms scripting is available with the Python programming language To use scripting with the Python programming language you need IBM SPSS Statistics Essentials for Python which is installed by default with your IBM SPSS Statistics product Default Script Language The default script language determines the script editor that is launched when new scripts are created It also specifies the default language whose executable will be used to run autoscripts On Windows the default script language is Basic You can change the default language from the Scripts tab in the Options dialog See the topic Script options on page 203 for more information Sample Scripts A number of scripts are included with the software in the Samples subdirectory of the directory where IBM SPSS Statistics is install
436. s no present absent checked not checked nature Although the variables may not be strictly dichotomous all of the variables in the set are coded the same way and the Counted Value represents the positive present checked condition For example a survey asks the question Which of the following sources do you rely on for news and provides five possible responses The respondent can indicate multiple choices by checking a box next to each choice The five responses become five variables in the data file coded 0 for No not checked and 1 for Yes checked In the multiple dichotomy set the Counted Value is 1 The sample data file survey_sample sav already has three defined multiple response sets mltnews is a multiple dichotomy set 1 Select click mltnews in the Mult Response Sets list This displays the variables and settings used to define this multiple response set e The Variables in Set list displays the five variables used to construct the multiple response set e The Variable Coding group indicates that the variables are dichotomous e The Counted Value is 1 2 Select click one of the variables in the Variables in Set list o Right click the variable and select Variable Information from the pop up pop up menu 4 In the Variable Information window click the arrow on the Value Labels drop down list to display the entire list of defined value labels The value labels indicate that the variable is a dichotomy with values o
437. s one or more add ons such as the Integration Plug in for Python or the Integration Plug in for R that are required in order to run the command syntax generated by the dialog For example if the dialog generates command syntax for an extension command implemented in R then check the box for the Integration Plug in for R Users will be warned about required add ons that are missing when they try to install or run the dialog Specifying the Menu Location for a Custom Dialog The Menu Location dialog box allows you to specify the name and location of the menu item for a custom dialog Menu items for custom dialogs do not appear in the Menu Editor within IBM SPSS Statistics 1 Double click the menu or click the plus sign icon to which you want to add the item for the new dialog You can also add items to the top level menu labelled Custom located between the Graphs and Utilities items which is only available for menu items associated with custom dialogs If you want to create custom menus or sub menus use the Menu Editor See the topic Menu Editor on page 207 for more information Note however that other users of your dialog will have to manually create the same menu or sub menu from their Menu Editor otherwise the dialog will be added to their Custom menu Note The Menu Location dialog box displays all menus including those for all add on modules Be sure to add the menu item for your custom dialog to a menu that will be avail
438. s text in applications that can edit EPS graphics This option is useful if the fonts that are used in the chart are not available on the output device Viewer printing There are two options for printing the contents of the Viewer window All visible output Prints only items that are currently displayed in the contents pane Hidden items items with a closed book icon in the outline pane or hidden in collapsed outline layers are not printed Selection Prints only items that are currently selected in the outline and or contents panes To print output and charts 1 Make the Viewer the active window click anywhere in the window 2 From the menus choose File gt Print 3 Select the print settings that you want 4 Click OK to print Print Preview Print Preview shows you what will print on each page for Viewer documents It is a good idea to check Print Preview before actually printing a Viewer document because Print Preview shows you items that may not be visible by looking at the contents pane of the Viewer including e Page breaks e Hidden layers of pivot tables e Breaks in wide tables e Headers and footers that are printed on each page If any output is currently selected in the Viewer the preview displays only the selected output To view a preview for all output make sure nothing is selected in the Viewer Page Attributes Headers and Footers Headers and footers are the information that is printed at the top a
439. s the following information for the scanned variables Scanned Variable List For each scanned variable a check mark in the Unlabeled U column indicates that the variable contains values without assigned value labels To sort the variable list to display all variables with unlabeled values at the top of the list 1 Click the Unlabeled column heading under Scanned Variable List You can also sort by variable name or measurement level by clicking the corresponding column heading under Scanned Variable List Value Label Grid e Label Displays any value labels that have already been defined You can add or change labels in this column e Value Unique values for each selected variable This list of unique values is based on the number of scanned cases For example if you scanned only the first 100 cases in the data file then the list reflects only the unique values present in those cases If the data file has already been sorted by the variable for which you want to assign value labels the list may display far fewer unique values than are actually present in the data e Count The number of times each value occurs in the scanned cases e Missing Values defined as representing missing data You can change the missing values designation of the category by clicking the check box A check indicates that the category is defined as a user missing category If a variable already has a range of values defined as user missing for example 90 9
440. s you to save your jobs in a syntax file so that you can repeat your analysis at a later date or run it in an automated job with the a production job A syntax file is simply a text file that contains commands While it is possible to open a syntax window and type in commands it is often easier if you let the software help you build your syntax file using one of the following methods e Pasting command syntax from dialog boxes e Copying syntax from the output log e Copying syntax from the journal file Detailed command syntax reference information is available in two forms integrated into the overall Help system and as a separate PDF file called the Command Syntax Reference also available from the Help menu Context sensitive Help for the current command in a syntax window is available by pressing the F1 key Syntax Rules When you run commands from a command syntax window during a session you are running commands in interactive mode The following rules apply to command specifications in interactive mode e Each command must start on a new line Commands can begin in any column of a command line and continue for as many lines as needed The exception is the END DATA command which must begin in the first column of the first line after the end of data e Each command should end with a period as a command terminator It is best to omit the terminator on BEGIN DATA however so that inline data are treated as one continuous specificat
441. saved with IBM SPSS Statistics data files e You can also control the default display and order of attributes in Variable View See the topic To customize Variable View 1 In Variable View from the menus choose View gt Customize Variable View 2 Select check the variable attributes you want to display 3 Use the up and down arrow buttons to change the display order of the attributes Restore Defaults Apply the default display and order settings Chapter 5 Data Editor 55 Spell checking variable and value labels To check the spelling of variable labels and value labels 1 Select the Variable View tab in the Data Editor window 2 Right click the Labels or Values column and from the pop up menu choose Spelling or 3 In Variable View from the menus choose Utilities gt Spelling or 4 In the Value Labels dialog box click Spelling This limits the spell checking to the value labels for a particular variable Spell checking is limited to variable labels and value labels in Variable View of the Data Editor String data values To check the spelling of string data values 1 Select the Data View tab of the Data Editor 2 Optionally select one or more variables columns to check To select a variable click the variable name at the top of the column 3 From the menus choose Utilities gt Spelling e If there are no selected variables in Data View all string variables will be checked e If there are no string
442. scriptContext object will have a value of Nothing e Given the If Else logic in this example you would include your autoscript specific code in the Else clause Any code that is not to be run in the context of an autoscript would be included in the If clause Of course you can also include code that is to be run in either context Getting Values Required by Autoscripts The scriptContext object provides access to values required by an autoscript such as the output item that triggered the current autoscript e The scriptContext GetOutputI tem method returns the output item an ISpssItem object that triggered the current autoscript e The scriptContext GetOutputDoc method returns the output document an ISpssOutputDoc object associated with the current autoscript e The scriptContext GetOutputItemIndex method returns the index in the associated output document of the output item that triggered the current autoscript Note The object returned by scriptContext GetOutputItem is not activated If your script requires an activated object you ll need to activate it for instance with the ActivateTable method When you re finished with any manipulations call the Deactivate method Startup Scripts You can create a script that runs at the start of each session and a separate script that runs each time you switch servers For Windows you can have versions of these scripts in both Python and Basic For all other platforms the scripts can only
443. semicolons tabs or other characters Multiple consecutive delimiters without intervening data values are treated as missing values What is the text qualifier Characters used to enclose values that contain delimiter characters For example if a comma is the delimiter values that contain commas will be read incorrectly unless there is a text qualifier enclosing the value preventing the commas in the value from being interpreted as delimiters between values CSV format data files exported from Excel use a double quotation mark as a text qualifier The text qualifier appears at both the beginning and the end of the value enclosing the entire value Text Wizard Step 4 Fixed Width Files This step displays the Text Wizard s best guess on how to read the data file and allows you to modify how the Text Wizard will read variables from the data file Vertical lines in the preview window indicate where the Text Wizard currently thinks each variable begins in the file Insert move and delete variable break lines as necessary to separate variables If multiple lines are used for each case the data will be displayed as one line for each case with subsequent lines appended to the end of the line Notes For computer generated data files that produce a continuous stream of data values with no intervening spaces or other distinguishing characteristics it may be difficult to determine where each variable begins Such data files usually rely on a
444. sent the paths specified in SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH take precedence over the default location Extension bundles will be installed to the first writable location Note that Mac users may also utilize the SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH environment variable For multiple locations separate each with a semicolon on Windows and a colon on Linux and Mac The specified locations must exist on the target machine After setting SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH you will need to restart IBM SPSS Statistics for the changes to take effect If the extension bundle contains a custom dialog and you don t have write permission to the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory for Windows XP and Linux then you will also need to set the SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH environment variable The rules for SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH are the same as for SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH If you don t know whether the extension bundles you are installing contain a custom dialog and you don t have write access to the default location then it is best to specify an alternate location in SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH To create the SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH or SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH environment variable on Windows from the Control Panel Windows XP and Windows 8 1 Select System 2 Select the Advanced tab and click Environment Variables For Windows 8 the Advanced tab is accessed from Advanced system settings 3 In the User variables section click New enter the name of the environment variable for instance SPSS_EXTENSIONS_PATH in th
445. set when any dialog box that accesses the data is open including all dialog boxes that display variable lists e At least one Data Editor window must be open during a session When you close the last open Data Editor window IBM SPSS Statistics automatically shuts down prompting you to save changes first Working with Multiple Datasets in Command Syntax If you use command syntax to open data sources for example GET FILE GET DATA you need to use the DATASET NAME command to name each dataset explicitly in order to have more than one data source open at the same time When working with command syntax the active dataset name is displayed on the toolbar of the syntax window All of the following actions can change the active dataset e Use the DATASET ACTIVATE command e Click anywhere in the Data Editor window of a dataset e Select a dataset name from the Active drop down list on the toolbar in the syntax window Copying and Pasting Information between Datasets You can copy both data and variable definition attributes from one dataset to another dataset in basically the same way that you copy and paste information within a single data file e Copying and pasting selected data cells in Data View pastes only the data values with no variable definition attributes e Copying and pasting an entire variable in Data View by selecting the variable name at the top of the column pastes all of the data and all of the variable definition att
446. sformations that are useful in time series analysis are provided e Generate date variables to establish periodicity and to distinguish between historical validation and forecasting periods e Create new time series variables as functions of existing time series variables e Replace system and user missing values with estimates based on one of several methods A time series is obtained by measuring a variable or set of variables regularly over a period of time Time series data transformations assume a data file structure in which each case row represents a set of observations at a different time and the length of time between cases is uniform Define Dates The Define Dates dialog box allows you to generate date variables that can be used to establish the periodicity of a time series and to label output from time series analysis 94 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Cases Are Defines the time interval used to generate dates e Not dated removes any previously defined date variables Any variables with the following names are deleted year_ quarter_ month_ week_ day_ hour_ minute_ second_ and date_ e Custom indicates the presence of custom date variables created with command syntax for example a four day workweek This item merely reflects the current state of the active dataset Selecting it from the list has no effect First Case Is Defines the starting date value which is assigned to the first c
447. shortcut is activated by pressing Alt mnemonic key The Mnemonic Key property is not supported on Mac List Box Type List Box only Specifies whether the list box supports single selection only or multiple selection You can also specify that items are displayed as a list of check boxes Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated by this control at run time and can be inserted in the syntax template e The value ThisValue specifies the run time value of the control and is the default If the list items are manually defined the run time value is the value of the Syntax property for the selected list item If the list items are based on a target list control the run time value is the value of the selected list item For multiple selection list box controls the run time value is a blank separated list of the selected items See the topic Specifying List Items for Combo Boxes and List Boxes for more information e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks Specifying List Items for Combo Boxes and List Boxes The List Item Properties dialog box allows you to specify the list items of a combo box or list box control Manually defined values Allows you to explicitly specify each of the list items e Identifier A unique identifier for the list item e Name The name that appears in the list for this item The name is a required field e Default For a combo box specifies whether the list ite
448. sidual Rows or columns with any of these labels or the equivalent in the current output language Resid Residual Std Residual e Correlation Rows or columns with any of these labels or the equivalent in the current output language Adjusted R Square Correlation Coefficient Correlations Pearson Correlation R Square e Significance Rows or columns with any of these labels or the equivalents in the current output language Approx Sig Asymp Sig 2 sided Exact Sig Exact Sig 1 sided Exact Sig 2 sided Sig Sig 1 tailed Sig 2 tailed e All data cells All data cells are included Chapter 13 Automated Output Modification 157 Dimension Specifies whether to search rows columns or both for a label with the specified value Condition Specifies the condition to find For more information see the topic Table Style Condition Formatting Specifies the formatting to apply to the table cells or areas that meet the condition For more information see the topic Table Style Format Add Adds a row to the list Duplicate Duplicates the selected row Move Up and Move Down Moves the selected row up or down in the list The order can be important since changes specified in subsequent rows can overwrite changes that are specified in previous rows Create a report of the conditional styling Displays a table that summarizes the changes in the Viewer This option is available when the Table S
449. sions 7 and 8 only Data files that are saved in Stata 5 format can be read by Stata 4 The first 80 bytes of variable labels are saved as Stata variable labels For numeric variables the first 80 bytes of value labels are saved as Stata value labels Value labels are dropped for string variables non integer numeric values and numeric values greater than an absolute value of 2 147 483 647 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e For versions 7 and 8 the first 32 bytes of variable names in case sensitive form are saved as Stata variable names For earlier versions the first eight bytes of variable names are saved as Stata variable names Any characters other than letters numbers and underscores are converted to underscores e IBM SPSS Statistics variable names that contain multibyte characters for example Japanese or Chinese characters are converted to variable names of the general form Vunn where nnn is an integer value e For versions 5 6 and Intercooled versions 7 8 the first 80 bytes of string values are saved For Stata SE 7 8 the first 244 bytes of string values are saved e For versions 5 6 and Intercooled versions 7 8 only the first 2 047 variables are saved For Stata SE 7 8 only the first 32 767 variables are saved Table 4 How Stata variable type and format map to IBM SPSS Statistics type and format IBM SPSS Statistics Stata Variable Type Stata Data Format Variable Type Numeric Numeric g Comma Numer
450. sk For instance if the dataset contains no string variables then the task to create a date time variable from a string does not apply and is disabled Dates and Times in IBM SPSS Statistics Variables that represent dates and times in IBM SPSS Statistics have a variable type of numeric with display formats that correspond to the specific date time formats These variables are generally referred to as date time variables Date time variables that actually represent dates are distinguished from those that represent a time duration that is independent of any date such as 20 hours 10 minutes and 15 seconds The latter are referred to as duration variables and the former as date or date time variables For a complete list of display formats see Date and Time in the Universals section of the Command Syntax Reference Date and date time variables Date variables have a format representing a date such as mm dd yyyy Date time variables have a format representing a date and time such as dd mmm yyyy hh mm ss Internally date and date time variables are stored as the number of seconds from October 14 1582 Date and date time variables are sometimes referred to as date format variables 90 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e Both two and four digit year specifications are recognized By default two digit years represent a range beginning 69 years prior to the current date and ending 30 years after the current date This range is
451. sly saved autorecode template to variables selected for recoding appending any additional values found in the variables to the end of the scheme and preserving the relationship between the original and autorecoded values stored in the saved scheme e All variables selected for recoding must be the same type numeric or string and that type must match the type defined in the template e Templates do not contain any information on user missing values User missing values for the target variables are based on the first variable in the original variable list with defined user missing values All other values from other original variables except for system missing are treated as valid e Value mappings from the template are applied first All remaining values are recoded into values higher than the last value in the template with user missing values based on the first variable in the list with defined user missing values recoded into values higher than the last valid value e If you have selected multiple variables for autorecoding the template is applied first followed by a common combined autorecoding for all additional values found in the selected variables resulting in a single common autorecoding scheme for all selected variables To Recode String or Numeric Values into Consecutive Integers 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Automatic Recode 2 Select one or more variables to recode 3 For each selected variable enter a name
452. stallation of IBM SPSS Statistics optionally making your own modifications e Save the specification for a custom dialog so that other users can add it to their installations of IBM SPSS Statistics Toot X Custom Dialog Builder one_way_anova Log P Source List File Edit View Window Help sf Target List ela xa OB ZT R EI Check Box H combo Box A Text control E Number control Ab Static Text LI item Group E Radio Group J Check Box Group File Browser z Sub dialog Button Dialog Properties Property Dialog Name one_way_anova Menu Location Analyze Compare Means Simple One Way ANOVA Title Simple One Way ANOVA Help File Web Deployment Properties Modeless True Figure 2 Custom Dialog Builder How to Start the Custom Dialog Builder 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Custom Dialogs gt Custom Dialog Builder Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 209 Custom Dialog Builder Layout Canvas The canvas is the area of the Custom Dialog Builder where you design the layout of your dialog Properties Pane The properties pane is the area of the Custom Dialog Builder where you specify properties of the controls that make up the dialog as well as properties of the dialog itself such as the menu location Tools Palette The tools palette provides the set of controls that can be included in a custom dialog You can show or hide the Tools Palette by choosing Tools Palette from the
453. start IBM SPSS Statistics for the changes to take effect For information on how to set an environment variable on Windows see Batch installation of extension bundles You can install multiple extension bundles at once using the batch utility installextbundles bat installextbundles sh for Mac and UNIX systems located in the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory For Windows and Mac the utility is located at the root of the installation directory For Linux and IBM SPSS Statistics Server for UNIX the utility is located in the bin subdirectory of the installation directory The utility is designed to run from a command prompt and must be run from its installed location The form of the command line is installextbundles statssrv download no yes source lt folder gt lt filename gt statssrv Specifies that you are running the utility on a IBM SPSS Statistics Server You should also install the same extension bundles on client machines that connect to the server download nol yes Specifies whether the utility has permission to access the internet in order to download any R packages required by the specified extension bundles The default is no If you keep the default or do not have internet access then you will need to manually install any required R packages See the topic Required R packages for more information source lt folder gt lt filename gt Specifies the extension bundles to install You can specify th
454. stics is not known so we recommend that you do not change any of them Select Variables tab You can select a subset of variables to read By default all standard variables in the data source are displayed and selected e Show System variables Displays any system variables including variables that indicate interview status in progress completed finish date and so on You can then select any system variables that you want to include By default all system variables are excluded e Show Codes variables Displays any variables that represent codes that are used for open ended Other responses for categorical variables You can then select any Codes variables that you want to include By default all Codes variables are excluded e Show SourceFile variables Displays any variables that contain filenames of images of scanned responses You can then select any SourceFile variables that you want to include By default all SourceFile variables are excluded Case Selection Tab For IBM SPSS Data Collection data sources that contain system variables you can select cases based on a number of system variable criteria You do not need to include the corresponding system variables in the list of variables to read but the necessary system variables must exist in the source data to apply the selection criteria If the necessary system variables do not exist in the source data the corresponding selection criteria are ignored Data collection sta
455. sub dialog Target List The Target List control provides a target for variables that are transferred from the source list Use of the Target List control assumes the presence of a Source List control You can specify that only a single variable can be transferred to the control or that multiple variables can be transferred to it and you can constrain which types of variables can be transferred to the control for instance only numeric variables with a measurement level of nominal or ordinal The Target List control has the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control This is the identifier to use when referencing the control in the syntax template Title An optional title that appears above the control For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control The specified text only appears when hovering over the title area of the control Hovering over one of the listed variables will display the variable name and label Target list type Specifies whether multiple variables or only a single variable can be transferred to the control Mnemonic Key An optional character in the title to use as a keyboard shortcut to the control The character appears underlined in the title The shortcut is activated by pressing Alt mnemonic key The Mnemonic Key property is not supported on Mac Required for execution Specifies whether a value is
456. t also select Type amp Label to specify the data type Compute Variable If Cases The If Cases dialog box allows you to apply data transformations to selected subsets of cases using conditional expressions A conditional expression returns a value of true false or missing for each case e If the result of a conditional expression is true the case is included in the selected subset e If the result of a conditional expression is false or missing the case is not included in the selected subset Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 81 e Most conditional expressions use one or more of the six relational operators lt gt lt gt and on the calculator pad e Conditional expressions can include variable names constants arithmetic operators numeric and other functions logical variables and relational operators Compute Variable Type and Label By default new computed variables are numeric To compute a new string variable you must specify the data type and width Label Optional descriptive variable label up to 255 bytes long You can enter a label or use the first 110 characters of the compute expression as the label Type Computed variables can be numeric or string alphanumeric String variables cannot be used in calculations Functions Many types of functions are supported including e Arithmetic functions e Statistical functions e String functions e Date and time functions e
457. t equivalent in IBM SPSS Statistics and vice versa For example most numeric values in IBM SPSS Statistics are stored as double precision floating point values whereas database numeric data types include float double integer real and so on In addition many databases don t have equivalents to IBM SPSS Statistics time formats You can change the data type to any type available in the drop down list As a general rule the basic data type string or numeric for the variable should match the basic data type of the database field If there is a data type mismatch that cannot be resolved by the database an error results and no data are exported to the database For example if you export a string variable to a database field with a numeric data type an error will result if any values of the string variable contain non numeric characters Width You can change the defined width for string char varchar field types Numeric field widths are defined by the data type By default IBM SPSS Statistics variable formats are mapped to database field types based on the following general scheme Actual database field types may vary depending on the database Table 5 Format conversion for databases IBM SPSS Statistics Variable Format Database Field Type Numeric Float or Double Comma Float or Double Dot Float or Double Scientific Notation Float or Double Date Date or Datetime or Timestamp Datetime Datetime or Timestamp Time DTime Float or D
458. t include variables and complex expressions You can also select a random sample of cases The criteria used to define a subgroup can include e Variable values and ranges e Date and time ranges e Case row numbers e Arithmetic expressions e Logical expressions e Functions All cases Turns case filtering off and uses all cases If condition is satisfied Use a conditional expression to select cases If the result of the conditional expression is true the case is selected If the result is false or missing the case is not selected Random sample of cases Selects a random sample based on an approximate percentage or an exact number of cases Based on time or case range Selects cases based on a range of case numbers or a range of dates times Use filter variable Use the selected numeric variable from the data file as the filter variable Cases with any value other than 0 or missing for the filter variable are selected Output This section controls the treatment of unselected cases You can choose one of the following alternatives for the treatment of unselected cases e Filter out unselected cases Unselected cases are not included in the analysis but remain in the dataset You can use the unselected cases later in the session if you turn filtering off If you select a random sample or if you select cases based on a conditional expression this generates a variable named filter_ with a value of 1 for selected cases and a value o
459. t that is displayed in the outline pane of the Viewer You can also select other object types based on their labels Labels are useful for differentiating between multiple tables of the same type in which the outline text reflects some attribute of the particular output object such as the variable names or labels There are however a number of factors that can affect the label text e If split file processing is on split file group identification may be appended to the label e Labels that include information about variables or values are affected by your current output label options settings Edit menu Options Output Labels tab e Labels are affected by the current output language setting Edit menu Options General tab To specify labels to use to identify output objects 1 In the Output Management System Control Panel select one or more output types and then select one or more commands 2 Click Labels 3 Enter the label exactly as it appears in the outline pane of the Viewer window You can also right click the item in the outline choose Copy OMS Label and paste the copied label into the Label text field 4 Click Add 5 Repeat the process for each label that you want to include 6 Click Continue Wildcards You can use an asterisk as the last character of the label string as a wildcard character All labels that begin with the specified string except for the asterisk will be selected This process works only
460. t the downloads on the SPSS community for typical keywords to use 186 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Required Plug ins Check the boxes for any Plug ins Python or R that are required in order to run the custom components associated with the extension bundle Users will be alerted at install time if they don t have the required Plug ins For reference there is no option for specifying the Java Plug in because it is always installed with IBM SPSS Statistics Required R Packages Enter the names of any R packages from the CRAN package repository that are required for the extension bundle Names are case sensitive To add the first package click anywhere in the Required R Packages control to highlight the entry field Pressing Enter with the cursor in a given row will create a new row You delete a row by selecting it and pressing Delete When the extension bundle is installed IBM SPSS Statistics will check if the required R packages exist on the user s machine and attempt to download and install any that are missing Required Python Modules Enter the names of any Python modules other than those added to the extension bundle that are required for the extension bundle Any such modules should be posted to the SPSS community tip war yaibe com dewiopenvoris e a To add the first module click anywhere in the Required Python Modules control to highlight the entry field Pressing Enter with the cursor in a given row will create
461. t was used in the fewest The top 10 predictors are shown Predictors that appear most frequently are typically the most important This plot is not useful for methods in which the predictor set cannot vary across component models Component Model Accuracy The chart is a dot plot of predictive accuracy for component models Each dot represents one or more component models with the level of accuracy plotted on the y axis Hover over any dot to obtain information on the corresponding individual component model Reference lines The plot displays color coded lines for the ensemble as well as the reference model and naive models A checkmark appears next to the line corresponding to the model that will be used for scoring Interactivity The chart updates if you change the combining rule Boosted ensembles A line chart is displayed for boosted ensembles Component Model Details The table displays information on component models listed by row By default component models are sorted in ascending model number order You can sort the rows in ascending or descending order by the values of any column Model A number representing the sequential order in which the component model was created Accuracy Overall accuracy formatted as a percentage Method The modeling method Predictors The number of predictors used in the component model Model Size Model size depends on the modeling method for trees it is the number of nodes in the tree f
462. tains a single output item The title is formed from the outline entry for the item in the outline pane of the Viewer Image Options You can scale the image size from 1 to 200 All images are exported to PowerPoint in TIFF format Note PowerPoint format is only available on Windows operating systems and requires PowerPoint 97 or later PDF options Embed bookmarks This option includes bookmarks in the PDF document that correspond to the Viewer outline entries Like the Viewer outline pane bookmarks can make it much easier to navigate documents with a large number of output objects Embed fonts Embedding fonts ensures that the PDF document will look the same on all computers Otherwise if some fonts used in the document are not available on the computer being used to view or print the PDF document font substitution may yield suboptimal results Text options Table Options Pivot tables can be exported in tab separated or space separated format For space separated format you can also control e Column Width Autofit does not wrap any column contents and each column is as wide as the widest label or value in that column Custom sets a maximum column width that is applied to all columns in the table and values that exceed that width wrap onto the next line in that column e Row Column Border Character Controls the characters used to create row and column borders To suppress display of row and column borders enter blank spaces f
463. talled dialog in order to modify it choosing File gt Install will re install it replacing the existing version Uninstalling a Custom Dialog 1 From the menus in the Custom Dialog Builder choose File gt Uninstall The menu item for the custom dialog will be removed the next time you start IBM SPSS Statistics Saving to a Custom Dialog Package File You can save the specifications for a custom dialog to an external file allowing you to distribute the dialog to other users or save specifications for a dialog that is not yet installed Specifications are saved to a custom dialog package spd file 1 From the menus in the Custom Dialog Builder choose File gt Save Opening a Custom Dialog Package File You can open a custom dialog package file containing the specifications for a custom dialog allowing you to modify the dialog and re save it or install it 1 From the menus in the Custom Dialog Builder choose 216 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide File gt Open Manually Copying an Installed Custom Dialog By default the specifications for an installed custom dialog are stored in the ext lib lt Dialog Name gt folder of the installation directory for Windows and Linux For Mac specifications are stored under the Library Application Support IBM SPSS Statistics lt version gt CustomDialogs lt Dialog Name gt folder where lt version gt is the two digit IBM SPSS Statistics version for example 22 You can co
464. target variable list 2 Choose Variable Information Chapter 1 Overview 5 Basic steps in data analysis Analyzing data with IBM SPSS Statistics is easy All you have to do is Get your data into IBM SPSS Statistics You can open a previously saved IBM SPSS Statistics data file you can read a spreadsheet database or text data file or you can enter your data directly in the Data Editor Select a procedure Select a procedure from the menus to calculate statistics or to create a chart Select the variables for the analysis The variables in the data file are displayed in a dialog box for the procedure Run the procedure and look at the results Results are displayed in the Viewer Statistics Coach If you are unfamiliar with IBM SPSS Statistics or with the available statistical procedures the Statistics Coach can help you get started by prompting you with simple questions nontechnical language and visual examples that help you select the basic statistical and charting features that are best suited for your data To use the Statistics Coach from the menus in any IBM SPSS Statistics window choose Help gt Statistics Coach The Statistics Coach covers only a selected subset of procedures It is designed to provide general assistance for many of the basic commonly used statistical techniques Finding out more For a comprehensive overview of the basics see the online tutorial From any IBM SPSS Statistics menu choose
465. te area of the table and select Hide from the View menu To show hidden footnotes 1 Select Show All Footnotes from the View menu Footnote marker Footnote Marker changes the character s that can be used to mark a footnote By default standard footnote markers are sequential letters or numbers depending on the table properties settings You can also assign a special marker Special markers are not affected when you renumber footnotes or switch between numbers and letters for standard markers The display of numbers or letters for standard markers and the subscript or superscript position of footnote markers are controlled by the Footnotes tab of the Table Properties dialog See the topic Table properties notes on page 139 for more information Note For changing footnote markers in legacy tables see Editing footnotes in legacy tables To change footnote markers 1 Select a footnote 2 From the Format menu choose Footnote Marker Note that special markers are limited to two characters In addition footnotes with special markers precede those with sequential letters or numbers in the footnote area of the table so changing to a special marker may reorder the footnote list Renumbering footnotes When you have pivoted a table by switching rows columns and layers the footnotes may be out of order To renumber the footnotes 1 From the Format menu choose Renumber Footnotes Editing footnotes in legacy tables For le
466. te format variable Assigning the Measurement Level When you click Suggest for the measurement level in the Define Variable Properties main dialog box the current variable is evaluated based on the scanned cases and defined value labels and a measurement level is suggested in the Suggest Measurement Level dialog box that opens The Explanation area provides a brief description of the criteria used to provide the suggested measurement level Note Values defined as representing missing values are not included in the evaluation for measurement level For example the explanation for the suggested measurement level may indicate that the suggestion is in part based on the fact that the variable contains no negative values whereas it may in fact contain negative values but those values are already defined as missing values 1 Click Continue to accept the suggested level of measurement or Cancel to leave the measurement level unchanged Chapter 7 Data preparation 67 Custom Variable Attributes The Attributes button in Define Variable Properties opens the Custom Variable Attributes dialog box In addition to the standard variable attributes such as value labels missing values and measurement level you can create your own custom variable attributes Like standard variable attributes these custom attributes are saved with IBM SPSS Statistics data files Name Attribute names must follow the same rules as variable names See the topic page
467. ter that is designated as a shared folder e Path is any additional folder subdirectory path below the shared folder e Filename is the name of the data file An example is as follows GET FILE hqdev001 public july sales sav If the computer does not have a name assigned to it you can use its IP address as in GET FILE 204 125 125 53 public july sales sav Even with UNC path specifications you can access data and syntax files only from devices and folders that are designated as shared When you use distributed analysis mode this situation includes data and syntax files on your local computer UNIX Absolute Path Specifications 44 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide For UNIX server versions there is no equivalent to the UNC path and all directory paths must be absolute paths that start at the root of the server relative paths are not allowed For example if the data file is located in bin data and the current directory is also bin data GET FILE sales sav is not valid you must specify the entire path as in GET FILE bin sales sav INSERT FILE bin salesjob sps Chapter 4 Distributed Analysis Mode 45 46 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 5 Data Editor The Data Editor provides a convenient spreadsheet like method for creating and editing data files The Data Editor window opens automatically when you start a session The Data Editor provides two views of your data
468. th a single click Note When working with right to left languages it is recommended to check the Optimize for right to left languages box on the Syntax Editor tab in the Options dialog box Syntax Editor Window The Syntax Editor window is divided into four areas e The editor pane is the main part of the Syntax Editor window and is where you enter and edit command syntax e The gutter is adjacent to the editor pane and displays information such as line numbers and breakpoint positions e The navigation pane is to the left of the gutter and editor pane and displays a list of all commands in the Syntax Editor window and provides single click navigation to any command e The error pane is below the editor pane and displays runtime errors Gutter Contents Chapter 14 Working with Command Syntax 163 Line numbers breakpoints bookmarks command spans and a progress indicator are displayed in the gutter to the left of the editor pane in the syntax window e Line numbers do not account for any external files referenced in INSERT and INCLUDE commands You can show or hide line numbers by choosing View gt Show Line Numbers from the menus e Breakpoints stop execution at specified points and are represented as a red circle adjacent to the command on which the breakpoint is set e Bookmarks mark specific lines in a command syntax file and are represented as a square enclosing the number 1 9 assigned to the bookmark Hovering over the ico
469. that category from the palette Optionally you can e Insert a new category above the selected category e Move a selected category e Remove a selected category e Reset the sequence to the default sequence Data Element Fills Specify the order in which fill styles should be used for the bar and area data elements in your new chart Fill styles are used whenever your chart includes bar or area data elements and you select a choice that includes patterns in the Style Cycle Preference group in the main Chart Options dialog box For example if you create a clustered bar chart with two groups and you select Cycle through patterns only in the main Chart Options dialog box the first two styles in the Grouped Charts list are used as the bar fill patterns on the new chart To Change the Order in Which Fill Styles Are Used 1 Select Simple Charts and then select a fill pattern that is used for charts without categories 2 Select Grouped Charts to change the pattern cycle for charts with categories To change a category s fill pattern select a category and then select a fill pattern for that category from the palette Optionally you can e Insert a new category above the selected category e Move a selected category e Remove a selected category e Reset the sequence to the default sequence Pivot table options Pivot Table options set various options for the display of pivot tables TableLook Select a TableLook from the list
470. the current data A case group is a group of rows that are related because they measure the same observational unit for example an individual or an institution The wizard needs to know which variables in the current file identify the case groups so that it can consolidate each group into a single row in the new file Move variables that identify case groups in the current file into the Identifier Variable s list Variables that are used to split the current data file are automatically used to identify case groups Each time a new combination of identification values is encountered the wizard will create a new row so cases in the current file should be sorted by values of the identification variables in the same order that variables are listed in the Identifier Variable s list If the current data file isn t already sorted you can sort it in the next step How should the new variable groups be created in the new file In the original data a variable appears in a single column In the new data file that variable will appear in multiple new columns Index variables are variables in the current data that the wizard should use to create the new columns The restructured data will contain one new variable for each unique value in these columns Move the variables that should be used to form the new variable groups to the Index Variable s list When the wizard presents options you can also choose to order the new columns by index What happens to the o
471. the primary key every record case must have a unique value for that variable e If you select multiple variables as the primary key this defines a composite primary key and the combination of values for the selected variables must be unique for each case For information on field names and data types see the section on creating database fields from IBM SPSS Statistics variables in Exporting to a Database on page 30 Completing the Database Export Wizard The last panel of the Export to Database Wizard provides a summary that indicates what data will be exported and how it will be exported It also gives you the option of either exporting the data or pasting the underlying command syntax to a syntax window Summary Information e Dataset The IBM SPSS Statistics session name for the dataset that will be used to export data This information is primarily useful if you have multiple open data sources Data sources opened using the graphical user interface for example the Database Wizard are automatically assigned names such as DataSet1 DataSet2 etc A data source opened using command syntax will have a dataset name only if one is explicitly assigned e Table The name of the table to be modified or created e Cases to Export Either all cases are exported or cases selected by a previously defined filter condition are exported See the topic Selbcany Cases Uo EGG On pes ad more information e Action Indicates how the database wi
472. the syntax template will be replaced by the value of the Checked Syntax property when the box is checked and the Unchecked Syntax property when the box is unchecked e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks Combo Box and List Box Controls The Combo Box control allows you to create a drop down list that can generate command syntax specific to the selected list item It is limited to single selection The List Box control allows you to display a list of items that support single or multiple selection and generate command syntax specific to the selected item s The Combo Box and List Box controls have the following properties Identifier The unique identifier for the control This is the identifier to use when referencing the control in the syntax template Title An optional title that appears above the control For multi line titles use n to specify line breaks Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 219 ToolTip Optional ToolTip text that appears when the user hovers over the control List Items Click the ellipsis button to open the List Item Properties dialog box which allows you to specify the list items of the control You can also open the List Item Properties dialog by double clicking the Combo Box or List Box control on the canvas Mnemonic Key An optional character in the title to use as a keyboard shortcut to the control The character appears underlined in the title The
473. ther columns The wizard automatically decides what to do with the variables that remain in the Current File list It checks each variable to see if the data values vary within a case group If they do the wizard restructures the values into a variable group in the new file If they don t the wizard copies the values into the new file When determining if a variable varies within a group user missing values are treated like valid values but system missing values are not If the group contains one valid or use missing value plus the system missing value then it is treated as a variable that does not vary within the group and the wizard copies the values into the new file Restructure Data Wizard Cases to Variables Sort Data Note The wizard presents this step if you choose to restructure case groups into columns In this step decide whether to sort the current file before restructuring it Each time the wizard encounters a new combination of identification values a new row is created so it is important that the data are sorted by the variables that identify case groups How are the rows ordered in the current file Consider how the current data are sorted and which variables you are using to identify case groups specified in the previous step e Yes The wizard will automatically sort the current data by the identification variables in the same order that variables are listed in the Identifier Variable s list in the previous step Choose
474. tions must be the same data type numeric or string as the variables selected in the main dialog box Old Value The value s to be recoded You can recode single values ranges of values and missing values System missing values and ranges cannot be selected for string variables because neither concept applies to string variables Ranges include their endpoints and any user missing values that fall within the range e Value Individual old value to be recoded into a new value The value must be the same data type numeric or string as the variable s being recoded e System missing Values assigned by the program when values in your data are undefined according to the format type you have specified when a numeric field is blank or when a value resulting from a transformation command is undefined Numeric system missing values are displayed as periods String variables cannot have system missing values since any character is legal in a string variable e System or user missing Observations with values that either have been defined as user missing values or are unknown and have been assigned the system missing value which is indicated with a period e Range Inclusive range of values Not available for string variables Any user missing values within the range are included e All other values Any remaining values not included in one of the specifications on the Old New list This appears as ELSE on the Old New list New Value The si
475. tistics in the rows while the Descriptives procedure produces a descriptive statistics table with statistics in the columns To include both table types in the same data file in a meaningful fashion you need to change the column dimension for one of the table types Because both table types use the element name Statistics for the statistics dimension we can put the statistics from the Frequencies statistics table in the columns simply by specifying Statistics in quotation marks in the list of dimension names in the OMS Options dialog box Some of the variables will have missing values because the table structures still aren t exactly the same with statistics in the columns Variable names in OMS generated data files OMS constructs valid unique variable names from column labels e Row and layer elements are assigned generic variable names the prefix Var followed by a sequential number e Characters that aren t allowed in variable names spaces parentheses etc are removed For example This Column Label would become a variable named ThisColumnLabel e If the label begins with a character that is allowed in variable names but not allowed as the first character for example a number is inserted as a prefix For example 2nd would become a variable named 2nd e Underscores or periods at the end of labels are removed from the resulting variable names The underscores at the end of the automatically generate
476. tive dataset and a value of 1 for cases from the external data file Excluded Variables Variables to be excluded from the new merged data file By default this list contains any variable names from the other dataset that duplicate variable names in the active dataset Variables from the active dataset are identified with an asterisk Variables from the other dataset are identified with a plus sign If you want to include an excluded variable with a duplicate name in the merged file you can rename it and add it to the list of variables to be included New Active Dataset Variables to be included in the new merged dataset By default all unique variable names in both datasets are included on the list Key Variables You can use key variables to correctly match cases in the two files For example there may be an ID variable that identifies each case e If one of the files is a table lookup file you must use key variables to match cases in the two files Key values must be unique in table lookup files If there are multiple keys the combination of key values must be unique e The key variables must have the same names in both datasets Use Rename to change the key variable names if they are not the same Non active or active dataset is keyed table A keyed table or table lookup file is a file in which data for each case can be applied to multiple cases in the other data file For example if one file contains information on indivi
477. to appear in groups of rows in the new data file If you choose this the wizard will display the steps for Variables to Cases e Restructure selected cases into variables Choose this when you have groups of related rows in your data and you want them to appear in groups of columns in the new data file If you choose this the wizard will display the steps for Cases to Variables 108 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide e Transpose all data Choose this when you want to transpose your data All rows will become columns and all columns will become rows in the new data This choice closes the Restructure Data Wizard and opens the Transpose Data dialog box Deciding How to Restructure the Data A variable contains information that you want to analyze for example a measurement or a score A case is an observation for example an individual In a simple data structure each variable is a single column in your data and each case is a single row So for example if you were measuring test scores for all students in a class all score values would appear in only one column and there would be a row for each student When you analyze data you are often analyzing how a variable varies according to some condition The condition can be a specific experimental treatment a demographic a point in time or something else In data analysis conditions of interest are often referred to as factors When you analyze factors you have a complex data
478. to create the table n Inserts a line break Style Output Labels and Text The Style Output Labels and Text dialog replaces or adds text to outline labels text objects and table titles It also specifies the inclusion and placement of index values for outline labels text objects and table titles Add text to the label or text object You can add the text before or after the existing text or replace the existing text Add indexing Adds a sequential letter number or roman numeral You can place the index before or after the text You can also specify one or more characters that are used as a separator between the text and the index For information about index formatting see the topic Style Output Indexing Style Output Indexing The Style Output Indexing dialog specifies the index format and the starting value Type The sequential index values can be numbers lower or uppercase letters lower or uppercase roman numerals Starting value The starting value can be any value that is valid for the type that is selected To display index values in the output you must select Add indexing in the Style Output Labels and Text dialog for the selected object type e For outline labels select Outline label in the Properties column in the Style Output dialog e For table titles select Table Title in the Properties column in the Style Output dialog e For text objects select Contents in the Properties column in the Style Output di
479. to the selected objects that meet the specified criteria e Select as last command If selected changes are only applied to the output from the last procedure If not selected changes are applied to the specific instance of the procedure For example if there are three instances of the Frequencies procedure and you select the second instance changes are applied only to that instance If you paste the syntax based on your selections this option selects the second instance of that procedure If output from multiple procedures is selected this option applies only to the procedure for which the output is the last block of output in the Viewer e Select as a group If selected all of the objects in the selection are treated as a single group on the main Style Output dialog If not selected the selected objects are treated as individual selections and you can set the properties for each object individually All objects of this type Changes are applied to all objects of the selected type that meet the specified criteria This option is only available if there is a single object type selected in the Viewer Object types include tables warnings logs charts tree diagrams text models and outline headers Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 153 All objects of this sub type Changes are applied to all tables of the same subtype as the selected tables that meet the specified criteria This option is only available if there is a single table s
480. ton is hidden if there is no help file associated with the dialog as specified by the Help File property in Dialog Properties You can change the vertical order of the controls within a column by dragging them up or down but the exact position of the controls will be determined automatically for you At run time controls will resize in appropriate ways when the dialog itself is resized Controls such as source and target lists automatically expand to fill the available space below them Building the Syntax Template The syntax template specifies the command syntax that will be generated by the custom dialog A single custom dialog can generate command syntax for any number of built in IBM SPSS Statistics commands or extension commands The syntax template may consist of static text that is always generated and control identifiers that are replaced at run time with the values of the associated custom dialog controls For example command names and subcommand specifications that don t depend on user input would be static text whereas the set of variables specified in a target list would be represented with the control identifier for the target list control To Build the Syntax Template 1 From the menus in the Custom Dialog Builder choose Edit gt Syntax Template Or click the ellipsis button in the Syntax property field in Dialog Properties 2 For static command syntax that does not depend on user specified values enter the syntax
481. transformations 117 118 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 10 Working with output Working with output When you run a procedure the results are displayed in a window called the Viewer In this window you can easily navigate to the output that you want to see You can also manipulate the output and create a document that contains precisely the output that you want Viewer Results are displayed in the Viewer You can use the Viewer to e Browse results e Show or hide selected tables and charts e Change the display order of results by moving selected items e Move items between the Viewer and other applications The Viewer is divided into two panes e The left pane contains an outline view of the contents e The right pane contains statistical tables charts and text output You can click an item in the outline to go directly to the corresponding table or chart You can click and drag the right border of the outline pane to change the width of the outline pane Showing and hiding results In the Viewer you can selectively show and hide individual tables or results from an entire procedure This process is useful when you want to shorten the amount of visible output in the contents pane To hide tables and charts 1 Double click the item s book icon in the outline pane of the Viewer or 2 Click the item to select it 3 From the menus choose View gt Hide or 4 Click the closed book Hide i
482. transformations 81 delaying execution 195 functions 82 ranking cases 88 recoding values 84 85 86 87 string variables 82 time series 94 95 data types 49 50 59 197 changing 59 custom currency 49 197 defining 49 display formats 50 input formats 50 Data View 47 databases 12 13 14 15 16 17 adding new fields toa table 34 appending records cases to a table 34 conditional expressions 15 converting strings to numeric variables 16 creating a new table 34 creating relationships 14 defining variables 16 Microsoft Access 12 parameter queries 15 16 Prompt for Value 16 random sampling 15 reading 12 13 replacing a table 34 replacing values in existing fields 33 saving 30 saving queries 17 selecting a data source 12 selecting data fields 13 specifying criteria 15 SQL syntax 17 table joins 14 updating 30 verifying results 17 Where clause 15 datasets comparing 36 renaming 64 date format variables 49 50 195 add or subtract from date time variables 90 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide date format variables continued create date time variable from set of variables 90 create date time variable from string 90 extract part of date time variable 90 date formats two digit years 195 date variables defining for time series data 94 dBASE files 9 11 24 25 reading 9 11 saving 24 25 default file locations 202 defining variables 48 49 51 52 53 65 applying a data dictionary 71 copying and pasting at
483. tributes 52 53 data types 49 missing values 51 templates 52 53 value labels 51 65 variable labels 51 deleting multiple EXECUTES in syntax files 170 171 deleting output 120 descriptive statistics Data Editor 60 designated window 3 dialog boxes 5 184 193 controls 4 defining variable sets 184 displaying variable labels 4 193 displaying variable names 4 193 reordering target lists 185 selecting variables 5 using variable sets 184 variable display order 193 variable icons 5 variable information 5 variables 4 dictionary 24 difference function 96 disk space 38 39 temporary 38 39 display formats 50 display order 133 134 distributed mode 41 43 44 235 available procedures 44 data file access 43 relative paths 44 DOLLAR format 49 50 DOT format 49 50 duplicate cases records finding and filtering 74 E editing data 57 58 ensemble viewer 149 automatic data preparation 151 component model accuracy 151 component model details 151 model summary 150 predictor frequency 150 predictor importance 150 entering data 56 57 non numeric 57 entering data continued numeric 56 using value labels 57 environment variables 202 SPSSTMPDIR 202 EPS files 123 129 exporting charts 123 129 Excel files 9 10 25 207 adding menu item to send data to Excel 207 opening 9 10 saving 24 25 saving value labels instead of values 24 Excel format exporting output 123 126 242 excluding output from Viewer with OMS 245 EXECUTE
484. ts Compare Datasets Attributes tab By default only data values are compared and field attributes data dictionary properties such as value labels user missing values and measurement level are not compared To compare field attributes 1 In the Compare Datasets dialog click the Attributes tab 2 Click Compare the Data Dictionaries 3 Select the attributes you want to compare e Width For numeric fields the maximum number of characters displayed digits plus formatting characters such as currency symbols grouping symbols and decimal indicator For string fields the maximum number of bytes allowed e Label Descriptive field label e Value Label Descriptive value labels e Missing Defined user missing values e Columns Column width in Data view of the Data Editor e Align Alignment in Data view of the Data Editor e Measure Measurement level e Role Field role e Attributes User defined custom field attributes Comparing datasets Output tab By default Compare Datasets creates a new field in the active dataset that identifies mismatches and produces a table that provides details for the first 100 mismatches You can use the Output tab to change the output options Flag mismatches in a new field A new field that identifies mismatches is created in the active dataset e The value of the new field is 1 if there are differences and 0 if all the values are the same If there are cases records in the active
485. ts in the source data file that contain variables that do not exist in the active dataset are ignored unless those variables will be created based on specifications in step 2 Selecting Source and Target Variables in the Copy Data Properties Wizard e Replace deletes any existing variable sets in the active dataset replacing them with variable sets from the source data file e Merge adds variable sets from the source data file to the collection of variable sets in the active dataset If a set with the same name exists in both files the existing set in the active dataset is unchanged Documents Notes appended to the data file via the DOCUMENT command e Replace deletes any existing documents in the active dataset replacing them with the documents from the source data file e Merge combines documents from the source and active dataset Unique documents in the source file that do not exist in the active dataset are added to the active dataset All documents are then sorted by date Custom Attributes Custom data file attributes typically created with the DATAFILE ATTRIBUTE command in command syntax e Replace deletes any existing custom data file attributes in the active dataset replacing them with the data file attributes from the source data file e Merge combines data file attributes from the source and active dataset Unique attribute names in the source file that do not exist in the active dataset are added to the active dataset If the
486. tus You can select respondent data test data or both You can also select cases based on any combination of the following interview status parameters e Completed successfully e Active in progress e Timed out e Stopped by script e Stopped by respondent e Interview system shutdown e Signal terminated by a signal statement in the script Data collection finish date You can select cases based on the data collection finish date e Start Date Cases for which data collection finished on or after the specified date are included Chapter 3 Data files 23 e End Date Cases for which data collection finished before the specified date are included This does not include cases for which data collection finished on the end date e If you specify both a start date and end date this defines a range of finish dates from the start date to but not including the end date File information A data file contains much more than raw data It also contains any variable definition information including e Variable names e Variable formats e Descriptive variable and value labels This information is stored in the dictionary portion of the data file The Data Editor provides one way to view the variable definition information You can also display complete dictionary information for the active dataset or any other data file To Display Data File Information 1 From the menus in the Data Editor window choose File gt Display Data File In
487. ty is not supported on Mac Numeric Type Specifies any limitations on what can be entered A value of Real specifies that there are no restrictions on the entered value other than it be numeric A value of Integer specifies that the value must be an integer Default Value The default value if any Minimum Value The minimum allowed value if any Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 221 Maximum Value The maximum allowed value if any Required for execution Specifies whether a value is required in this control in order for execution to proceed If True is specified the OK and Paste buttons will be disabled until a value is specified for this control If False is specified the absence of a value in this control has no effect on the state of the OK and Paste buttons The default is False Syntax Specifies the command syntax that is generated by this control at run time and can be inserted in the syntax template e You can specify any valid command syntax and you can use n for line breaks e The value ThisValue specifies the run time value of the control which is the numeric value This is the default e If the Syntax property includes ThisValue and the run time value of the number control is empty then the number control does not generate any command syntax Static Text Control The Static Text control allows you to add a block of text to your dialog and has the following properties Identifier The uni
488. tyle dialog is accessed from a statistical procedure dialog The Style Output dialog has a separate option to create a report Table Style Condition The Table Style Condition dialog specifies the conditions under which the changes are applied There are two options e To all values of this type The only condition is the value specified in the Value column in the Table Style dialog This option is the default e Based on the following conditions Within the table area specified by the Value and Dimension columns in the Table Style dialog find values that meet the specified conditions Values The list contains comparison expressions such as Exactly Less than Greater Than and Between e Absolute value is available for comparison expressions that only require one value For example you could find correlations with an absolute value greater than 0 5 e Top and Bottom are the highest and lowest n values in the specified table area The value for Number must be an integer e System missing Finds system missing values in the specified table area Table Style Format The Table Style Format dialog specifies changes to apply based on the conditions specified in the Table Style Conditions dialog Use TableLook defaults If no previous format changes have been made either manually or by automated output modification this is equivalent to making no format changes If previous changes have been made this removes those changes and r
489. ubtype selected in the Viewer For example the selection can include two separate Frequencies tables but not a Frequencies table and a Descriptives table Objects with a similar name Changes are applied to all objects with a similar name that meet the specified criteria e Criteria The options are Contains Exactly Starts with and Ends with e Value The name as it is displayed in the outline pane of the Viewer e Update Selects all the objects in the Viewer that meet the specified criteria for the specified value Style Output The Style Output dialog specifies the changes you want to make to the selected output objects in the Viewer Create a Backup of the Output Changes made by the automated output modification process cannot be undone To preserve the original Viewer document create a backup copy Selections and Properties The list of objects or groups of objects that you can modify is determined by the objects you select in the Viewer and the selections you make in the Style Output Select dialog Selection The name of the selected procedure or group of object types When there is an integer in parentheses after the selection text changes are applied only to that instance of that procedure in the sequence of objects in the Viewer For example Frequencies 2 applies change only to the second instance of the Frequencies procedure in the Viewer output Type The type of object For example log title table chart For
490. uch as SciTE on Windows or the TextEdit application on Mac 2 Under the section labeled Python change the value of EDITOR_PATH to point to the executable for the editor 3 In that same section change the value of EDITOR_ARGS to handle any arguments that need to be passed to the editor If no arguments are required remove any existing values Scripting in Basic Scripting in Basic is available on Windows only and is installed with the Core system Extensive online help for scripting in Basic is available from the IBM SPSS Statistics Basic Script Editor The editor can be accessed from File gt New gt Script when the default script language set from the Scripts tab on the Options dialog is set to Basic the system default on Windows It is also accessed from File gt Open gt Script by choosing Basic wwd sbs in the Files of type list Note For Windows Vista Windows 7 and Windows 8 users accessing the online help for Basic scripting requires the Windows Help program WinHI1p32 exe which may not be present on your system If you cannot view the online help then see the support article at for instructions on how to obtain the Windows Help program WinHI1p32 exe Compatibility with Versions Prior to 16 0 Obsolete Methods and Properties A number of automation methods and properties are obsolete for version 16 0 and above In terms of general features this includes all objects associated with interactive graphs the Draft Document ob
491. ude any nonpunctuation characters used in writing ordinary words in the languages supported in the platform s character set Variable names cannot contain spaces A character in the first position of a variable name defines a scratch variable You can only create scratch variables with command syntax You cannot specify a as the first character of a variable in dialog boxes that create new variables A sign in the first position indicates that the variable is a system variable The sign is not allowed as the initial character of a user defined variable The period the underscore and the characters and can be used within variable names For example A _ 1 is a valid variable name Variable names ending with a period should be avoided since the period may be interpreted as a command terminator You can only create variables that end with a period in command syntax You cannot create variables that end with a period in dialog boxes that create new variables Variable names ending in underscores should be avoided since such names may conflict with names of variables automatically created by commands and procedures Reserved keywords cannot be used as variable names Reserved keywords are ALL AND BY EQ GE GT LE LT NE NOT OR TO and WITH Variable names can be defined with any mixture of uppercase and lowercase characters and case is preserved for display purposes When long variable names need to wrap onto multiple line
492. ue resulting from a transformation command is undefined Numeric system missing values are displayed as periods String variables cannot have system missing values since any character is legal in a string variable e System or user missing Observations with values that either have been defined as user missing values or are unknown and have been assigned the system missing value which is indicated with a period e Range Inclusive range of values Not available for string variables Any user missing values within the range are included e All other values Any remaining values not included in one of the specifications on the Old New list This appears as ELSE on the Old New list New Value The single value into which each old value or range of values is recoded New values can be numeric or string e Value Value into which one or more old values will be recoded The value must be the same data type numeric or string as the old value e System missing Recodes specified old values into the system missing value The system missing value is not used in calculations and cases with the system missing value are excluded from many procedures Not available for string variables e Copy old values Retains the old value If some values don t require recoding use this to include the old values Any old values that are not specified are not included in the new variable and cases with those values will be assigned the system missing value for the
493. ul for data files with a large number of variables Small variable sets make it easier to find and select the variables for your analysis Defining variable sets Define Variable Sets creates subsets of variables to display in the Data Editor and in dialog box variable lists Defined variable sets are saved with IBM SPSS Statistics data files Set Name Set names can be up to 64 bytes Any characters including blanks can be used Variables in Set Any combination of numeric and string variables can be included in a set The order of variables in the set has no effect on the display order of the variables in the Data Editor or in dialog box variable lists A variable can belong to multiple sets To define variable sets 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Define Variable Sets 2 Select the variables that you want to include in the set 3 Enter a name for the set up to 64 bytes 4 Click Add Set Using variable sets to show and hide variables Use Variable Sets restricts the variables displayed in the Data Editor and in dialog box variable lists to the variables in the selected checked sets e The set of variables displayed in the Data Editor and in dialog box variable lists is the union of all selected sets e A variable can be included in multiple selected sets e The order of variables in the selected sets and the order of selected sets have no effect on the display order of variables in the Data Editor or in dialog box
494. und the values of the Summary and Description fields that are specified on the Required tab are used e lt extension bundle name gt is the value of the Name field for the extension bundle with any spaces replaced by underscore characters e lt language identifier gt is the identifier for a particular language Identifiers for the languages that are supported by IBM SPSS Statistics are shown in what follows For example the French translations for an extension bundle named MYORG MYSTAT are stored in the file MYORG_MYSTAT_fr properties The properties file must contain the following two lines which specify the localized text for the two fields Summary lt localized text for Summary field gt Description lt localized text for Description field gt e The keywords Summary and Description must be in English and the localized text must be on the same line as the keyword and with no line breaks e The file must be in ISO 8859 1 encoding Characters that cannot be directly represented in this encoding must be written with Unicode escapes u Chapter 17 Utilities 187 The lang folder that contains the localized files must have a subfolder named lt anguage identifier gt that contains the localized properties file for a particular language For example the French properties file must be in the lang fr folder Language Identifiers de German en English es Spanish fr French it Italian ja Japanese ko Korean pl
495. up but still be rounded up For example when rounding a value between 1 0 and 2 0 to the nearest integer this setting specifies how much the value can fall short of 1 5 the threshold for rounding up to 2 0 and still be rounded up to 2 0 e For the TRUNC function this setting specifies the number of least significant bits by which the value to be truncated may fall short of the nearest rounding boundary and be rounded up before truncating For example when truncating a value between 1 0 and 2 0 to the nearest integer this setting specifies how much the value can fall short of 2 0 and be rounded up to 2 0 Customize Variable View Controls the default display and order of attributes in Variable View See the topic Changing the default variable view for more information Change Dictionary Controls the language version of the dictionary used for checking the spelling of items in Variable View See the topic Spell checking on page 55 for more information Changing the default variable view You can use Customize Variable View to control which attributes are displayed by default in Variable View for example name type label and the order in which they are displayed Click Customize Variable View 1 Select check the variable attributes you want to display 2 Use the up and down arrow buttons to change the display order of the attributes Language options Language Output language Controls the language that is used in the
496. urement level See the topic Assigning the Measurement Level on page 67 for more information Variable type Variable Type specifies the data type for each variable By default all new variables are assumed to be numeric You can use Variable Type to change the data type The contents of the Variable Type dialog box depend on the selected data type For some data types there are text boxes for width and number of decimals for other data types you can simply select a format from a scrollable list of examples The available data types are as follows Chapter 5 Data Editor 49 Numeric A variable whose values are numbers Values are displayed in standard numeric format The Data Editor accepts numeric values in standard format or in scientific notation Comma A numeric variable whose values are displayed with commas delimiting every three places and displayed with the period as a decimal delimiter The Data Editor accepts numeric values for comma variables with or without commas or in scientific notation Values cannot contain commas to the right of the decimal indicator Dot A numeric variable whose values are displayed with periods delimiting every three places and with the comma as a decimal delimiter The Data Editor accepts numeric values for dot variables with or without periods or in scientific notation Values cannot contain periods to the right of the decimal indicator Scientific notation A numeric variable whose values ar
497. ures includes a Notes table which contains information about the dataset that was used missing values the command syntax that was used to run the procedure and the computer resources that were used to run the procedure e Warnings and Error Messages Warnings and error messages from statistical and charting procedures Word RTF options The following options are available for exporting output in Word format Chapter 10 Working with output 125 Layers in pivot tables By default inclusion or exclusion of pivot table layers is controlled by the table properties for each pivot table You can override this setting and include all layers or exclude all but the currently visible layer See the topic Table properties printing on page 140 for more information Wide Pivot Tables Controls the treatment of tables that are too wide for the defined document width By default the table is wrapped to fit The table is divided into sections and row labels are repeated for each section of the table Alternatively you can shrink wide tables or make no changes to wide tables and allow them to extend beyond the defined document width Preserve break points If you have defined break points these settings will be preserved in the Word tables Include footnotes and captions Controls the inclusion or exclusion of all pivot table footnotes and captions Views of Models By default inclusion or exclusion of model views is controlled by the model pr
498. urposes If reproducing randomized results from version 12 or earlier is not an issue use this random number generator Active Generator Initialization The random number seed changes each time a random number is generated for use in transformations such as random distribution functions random sampling or case weighting To replicate a sequence of random numbers set the initialization starting point value prior to each analysis that uses the random numbers The value must be a positive integer Some procedures such as Linear Models have internal random number generators To select the random number generator and or set the initialization value 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Random Number Generators Count Occurrences of Values within Cases This dialog box creates a variable that counts the occurrences of the same value s in a list of variables for each case For example a survey might contain a list of magazines with yes no check boxes to indicate which magazines each respondent reads You could count the number of yes responses for each respondent to create a new variable that contains the total number of magazines read To Count Occurrences of Values within Cases 1 From the menus choose Transform gt Count Values within Cases 2 Enter a target variable name 3 Select two or more variables of the same type numeric or string 4 Click Define Values and specify which value or values should be counted Option
499. user credentials in which case you do not fill in the other fields Namespace ID The security authentication provider used to log on to the server The authentication provider is used to define and maintain users groups and roles and to control the authentication process User name Enter the user name with which to log on to the server Chapter 3 Data files 21 Password Enter the password associated with the specified user name Save as Default Saves these settings as your default to avoid having to re enter them each time Cognos location The Specify Location dialog box enables you to select a package from which to import data or a package or folder from which to import reports It displays the public folders that are available to you If you select Data in the main dialog the list will display folders containing data packages If you select Report in the main dialog the list will display folders containing list reports Select the location you want by navigating through the folder structure Specifying parameters for data or reports If parameters have been defined either for a data object or a report you can specify values for these parameters before importing the data or report An example of parameters for a report would be start and end dates for the report contents Name The parameter name as it is specified in the IBM Cognos Business Intelligence database Type A description of the parameter Value The value to
500. ustom variable attributes See the topic Custom Variable Attributes fon page 53 for more information e Replace deletes any custom attributes for the target variable and replaces them with the defined attributes from the source variable e Merge merges the defined attributes from the source variable with any existing defined attributes for the target variable Missing Values Missing values are values identified as representing missing data for example 98 for Do not know and 99 for Not applicable Typically these values also have defined value labels that describe what the missing value codes stand for Any existing defined missing values for the target variable are deleted and replaced with the defined missing values from the source variable Variable Label Descriptive variable labels can contain spaces and reserved characters not allowed in variable names If you re copying variable properties from a single source variable to multiple target variables you might want to think twice before selecting this option Measurement Level The measurement level can be nominal ordinal or scale Role Some dialogs support the ability to pre select variables for analysis based on defined roles See the topic Roles on page 52 for more information Formats For numeric variables this controls numeric type such as numeric date or currency width total number of displayed characters including leading and trailing characters and decim
501. ut very large tables in the Viewer window See the topic Pivot table options on page 200 Gr more information e If you want to have more than one pivot table activated at the same time you must activate the tables in separate windows Pivoting a table 1 Activate the pivot table 2 From the menus choose Pivot gt Pivoting Trays A table has three dimensions rows columns and layers A dimension can contain multiple elements or none at all You can change the organization of the table by moving elements between or within dimensions To move an element just drag and drop it where you want it Changing display order of elements within a dimension To change the display order of elements within a table dimension row column or layer 1 If pivoting trays are not already on from the Pivot Table menu choose Pivot gt Pivoting Trays 2 Drag and drop the elements within the dimension in the pivoting tray Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 133 Moving rows and columns within a dimension element 1 In the table itself not the pivoting trays click the label for the row or column you want to move 2 Drag the label to the new position For legacy tables perform the addition step 3 From the pop up menu choose Insert Before or Swap Transposing rows and columns If you just want to flip the rows and columns there s a simple alternative to using the pivoting trays 1 From the menus choose Pivot gt Transpose Rows and Co
502. utcome of interest often referred to as the target is known For example if you want to build a model that will predict who is likely to respond to a direct mail campaign you need to start with a dataset that already contains information on who responded and who did not respond For example this might be the results of a test mailing to a small group of customers or information on responses to a similar campaign in the past Note For some model types there is no target outcome of interest Clustering models for example do not have a target and some nearest neighbor models do not have a target 2 Apply that model to a different dataset for which the outcome of interest is not known to obtain predicted outcomes Scoring Wizard You can use the Scoring Wizard to apply a model created with one dataset to another dataset and generate scores such as the predicted value and or predicted probability of an outcome of interest To score a dataset with a predictive model 1 Open the dataset that you want to score 2 Open the Scoring Wizard From the menus choose Utilities gt Scoring Wizard 3 Select a model XML file or compressed file archive zip fle Use the Browse button to navigate to a different location to select a model file 4 Match fields in the active dataset to fields used in the model See the topic Matching model fields to dataset fields on page 178 for more information 5 Select the scoring functions you
503. vailable only in Data View Using Multiple Views In Data View you can create multiple views panes by using the splitters that are located below the horizontal scroll bar and to the right of the vertical scroll bar You can also use the Window menu to insert and remove pane splitters To insert splitters 1 In Data View from the menus choose Window gt Split Splitters are inserted above and to the left of the selected cell e If the top left cell is selected splitters are inserted to divide the current view approximately in half both horizontally and vertically e If any cell other than the top cell in the first column is selected a horizontal pane splitter is inserted above the selected cell e If any cell other than the first cell in the top row is selected a vertical pane splitter is inserted to the left of the selected cell Data Editor printing A data file is printed as it appears on the screen Chapter 5 Data Editor 61 e The information in the currently displayed view is printed In Data View the data are printed In Variable View data definition information is printed e Grid lines are printed if they are currently displayed in the selected view e Value labels are printed in Data View if they are currently displayed Otherwise the actual data values are printed Use the View menu in the Data Editor window to display or hide grid lines and toggle between the display of data values and value labels T
504. variable lists e Although the defined variable sets are saved with IBM SPSS Statistics data files the list of currently selected sets is reset to the default built in sets each time you open the data file The list of available variable sets includes any variable sets defined for the active dataset plus two built in sets e ALLVARIABLES This set contains all variables in the data file including new variables created during a session e NEWVARIABLES This set contains only new variables created during the session Note Even if you save the data file after creating new variables the new variables are still included in the NEWVARIABLES set until you close and reopen the data file At least one variable set must be selected If ALLVARIABLES is selected any other selected sets will not have any visible effect since this set contains all variables 1 From the menus choose 184 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Utilities gt Use Variable Sets 2 Select the defined variable sets that contain the variables that you want to appear in the Data Editor and in dialog box variable lists To display all variables 1 From the menus choose Utilities gt Show All Variables Reordering target variable lists Variables appear on dialog box target lists in the order in which they are selected from the source list If you want to change the order of variables on a target list but you don t want to deselect all of the
505. variable names in SAV files 246 Word format 242 XML 242 246 online Help 7 Statistics Coach 6 opening files 9 10 11 12 17 controlling default file locations 202 data files 9 10 dBASE files 9 11 Excel files 9 10 Lotus 1 2 3 files 9 spreadsheet files 9 11 Stata files 11 SYSTAT files 9 tab delimited files 9 text data files 17 options 193 194 195 197 198 200 202 203 charts 198 currency 197 data 195 descriptive statistics in Data Editor 198 general 193 language 196 output labels 198 pivot table look 200 scripts 203 syntax editor 203 temporary directory 202 two digit years 195 Variable View 196 Viewer 194 ordinal 49 measurement level 49 67 outer join 14 outline 120 121 changing levels 121 collapsing 120 expanding 120 in Viewer 120 output 119 120 123 131 194 alignment 120 194 centering 120 194 changing output language 136 copying 119 deleting 119 120 encrypting 131 exporting 123 hiding 119 modifying 153 154 156 157 158 moving 119 pasting into other applications 123 saving 131 showing 119 Viewer 119 Output Management System OMS 239 249 output object types in OMS 240 OXML 249 P page numbering 131 page setup 130 131 chart size 131 headers and footers 130 pane splitter Data Editor 61 syntax editor 163 Paste button 4 272 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide pasting output into other applications 123 PDF exporting output 123 127 PDF format
506. variables in the active dataset Only variable types that are allowed by the selected procedure are displayed in the source list Use of short string and long string variables is restricted in many procedures Target variable list s One or more lists indicating the variables that you have chosen for the analysis such as dependent and independent variable lists Variable names and variable labels in dialog box lists You can display either variable names or variable labels in dialog box lists and you can control the sort order of variables in source variable lists To control the default display attributes of variables in source lists choose Options on the Edit menu See the topic General options on page 193 for more information You can also change the variable list display attributes within dialogs The method for changing the display attributes depends on the dialog e If the dialog provides sorting and display controls above the source variable list use those controls to change the display attributes e If the dialog does not contain sorting controls above the source variable list right click any variable in the source list and select the display attributes from the pop up menu You can display either variable names or variable labels names are displayed for any variables without defined labels and you can sort the source list by file order alphabetical order or measurement level In dialogs with sorting controls
507. vel 195 defining 49 icons in dialog boxes 5 unknown measurement level 68 measurement system 193 memory 193 menus 207 customizing 207 merging data files dictionary information 102 files with different cases 101 files with different variables 102 renaming variables 102 metafiles 123 exporting charts 123 Microsoft Access 12 missing values 51 176 271 Index missing values continued charts 176 defining 51 in functions 82 replacing in time series data 97 scoring models 178 string variables 51 model viewer split models 151 Model Viewer 147 models 147 activating 147 copying 148 exporting 149 interacting 147 merging model and transformation files 180 Model Viewer 147 models supported for export and scoring 177 printing 148 properties 148 scoring 177 moving rows and columns 134 multiple open data files 63 193 suppressing 64 multiple response sets defining 69 multiple categories 69 multiple dichotomies 69 multiple views panes Data Editor 61 syntax editor 163 N new features version 22 1 nominal 49 measurement level 49 67 normal scores in Rank Cases 89 numeric format 49 50 O OK button 4 OMS 239 249 command identifiers 241 controlling table pivots 242 246 Excel format 242 excluding output from the Viewer 245 IBM SPSS Statistics data file format 242 245 output object types 240 PDF format 242 SAV file format 242 245 table subtypes 241 text format 242 using XSLT with OXML 249
508. w Dialog Managing Custom Dialogs The Custom Dialog Builder allows you to manage custom dialogs created by you or by other users You can install uninstall or modify installed dialogs and you can save specifications for a custom dialog to an external file or open a file containing the specifications for a custom dialog in order to modify it Custom dialogs must be installed before they can be used You can install the dialog that is currently open in the Custom Dialog Builder or you can install a dialog from a custom dialog package spd file Re installing an existing dialog will replace the existing version To install the currently open dialog 1 From the menus in the Custom Dialog Builder choose File gt Install To install from a custom dialog package file 2 From the menus choose Utilities gt Custom Dialogs gt Install Custom Dialog For Windows XP and Linux and by default installing a dialog requires write permission to the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory for Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Vista and Mac dialogs are installed to a general user writable location If you do not have write permissions to the required location or would like to store installed dialogs elsewhere you can specify one or more alternate locations by defining the SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH environment variable When present the paths specified in Chapter 20 Creating and Managing Custom Dialogs 215 SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH take precedence over
509. w by row elements that represent columns are nested within the rows and individual cells are nested within the column elements lt pivotTable gt lt dimension axis row gt lt dimension axis column gt lt category gt lt cell text number decimals gt lt category gt lt category gt lt cell text number decimals gt lt category gt lt dimension gt lt dimension gt lt pivotTable gt The preceding example is a simplified representation of the structure that shows the descendant ancestor relationships of these elements However the example does not necessarily show the parent child relationships because there are typically intervening nested element levels The following example shows a simple frequency table and the complete output XML representation of that table Table 23 Simple frequency table Gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Female 216 45 6 45 6 45 6 Male 258 54 4 54 4 100 0 Total 474 100 0 100 0 Chapter 22 Output Management System 247 lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt outputTreeoutputTree xmlns http xml spss com spss oms xmins xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xsi schemaLocation http xml spss com spss oms http xml spss com spss oms spss output 1 0 xsd gt lt command text Frequencies command Frequencies displayTableValues label displa
510. w variables in the active dataset based on selected variables in an external data file or open dataset When copying data properties the following general rules apply e If you use an external data file as the source data file it must be a data file in IBM SPSS Statistics format e If you use the active dataset as the source data file it must contain at least one variable You cannot use a completely blank active dataset as the source data file e Undefined empty properties in the source dataset do not overwrite defined properties in the active dataset Variable properties are copied from the source variable only to target variables of a matching type string alphanumeric or numeric including numeric date and currency Note Copy Data Properties replaces Apply Data Dictionary formerly available on the File menu To Copy Data Properties 1 From the menus in the Data Editor window choose Data gt Copy Data Properties 2 Select the data file with the file and or variable properties that you want to copy This can be a currently open dataset an external IBM SPSS Statistics data file or the active dataset 3 Follow the step by step instructions in the Copy Data Properties Wizard Selecting Source and Target Variables In this step you can specify the source variables containing the variable properties that you want to copy and the target variables that will receive those variable properties Apply properties from select
511. when the asterisk is the last character because asterisks can appear as valid characters inside a label OMS options You can use the OMS Options dialog box to e Specify the output format e Specify the image format for HTML and Output XML output formats e Specify what table dimension elements should go into the row dimension e Include a variable that identifies the sequential table number that is the source for each case for IBM SPSS Statistics data file format To specify OMS options 1 Click Options in the Output Management System Control Panel Format Excel Excel 97 2004 and Excel 2007 and higher formats Pivot table rows columns and cells are exported as Excel rows columns and cells with all formatting attributes intact for example cell borders font styles and background colors Text output is exported with all font attributes intact Each line in the text output is a row in the Excel file with the entire contents of the line contained in a single cell Charts tree diagrams and model views are included in PNG format HTML Output objects that would be pivot tables in the Viewer are converted to HTML tables Text output objects are tagged lt PRE gt in the HTML Charts tree diagrams and model views are embedded in the document in the selected format 242 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Output XML XML that conforms to the spss output schema PDE Output is exported as it would appea
512. wildcard search e To reset the list to display all available extension bundles delete any text in the Filter by search terms text box and click Filter Latest Version The most recent version available from the SPSS Community website Installed Version The version if any that is installed on your computer Prerequisites Specifies whether the software on your computer satisfies the requirements for running this extension If the prerequisites are not satisfied then click No to open the Extension Bundle Requirements dialog for details Select all updates Selects all extension bundles that are installed on your computer for which an updated version is available Clear all Clears all selected extension bundles Note The terms of use that you agree to when you download an extension bundle can be viewed later from the Extension Bundle Details dialog You can access this dialog from Utilities gt Extension Bundles gt View Installed Extension Bundles 192 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide Chapter 18 Options Options Options control a wide variety of settings including e Session journal which keeps a record of all commands run in every session e Display order for variables in dialog box source lists e Items displayed and hidden in new output results e TableLook for new pivot tables e Custom currency formats To change options settings 1 From the menus choose Edit gt Options 2 Click the t
513. y of the languages supported by IBM SPSS Statistics You can localize any string that appears in a custom dialog and you can localize the optional help file To Localize Dialog Strings 1 Make a copy of the properties file associated with the dialog The properties file contains all of the localizable strings associated with the dialog By default it is located in the ext lib lt Dialog Name gt folder of the IBM SPSS Statistics installation directory for Windows and Linux and under the Library Application Support IBM SPSS Statistics 22 CustomDialogs lt Dialog Name gt folder for Mac The copy should reside in that same folder and not in a sub folder If you have specified alternate locations for installed dialogs using the SPSS_CDIALOGS_PATH environment variable then the copy should reside in the lt Dialog Name gt folder at the appropriate alternate location See the fopicl Managing Cision Dialogs on page 212 or more information 2 Rename the copy to lt Dialog Name gt _ lt language identifier gt properties using the language identifiers in the table below For example if the dialog name is mydialog and you want to create a Japanese version of the dialog then the localized properties file should be named mydialog_ja properties Localized properties files must be manually added to any custom dialog package files you create for the dialog A custom dialog package file is simply a zip file that can be opened and modified with an ap
514. yOutlineValues label displayTableVariables label displayOutlineVariables label gt lt pivotTable text Gender label Gender subType Frequencies varName gender variable true gt lt dimension axis row text Gender label Gender varName gender variable true gt lt group text Valid gt lt group hide true text Dummy gt lt category text Female label Female string f varName gender gt lt dimension axis column text Statistics gt lt category text Frequency gt lt cell text 216 number 216 gt lt category gt lt category text Percent gt lt cell text 45 6 number 45 569620253165 decimals 1 gt lt category gt lt category text Valid Percent gt lt cell text 45 6 number 45 569620253165 decimals 1 gt lt category gt lt category text Cumulative Percent gt lt cell text 45 6 number 45 569620253165 decimals 1 gt lt category gt lt dimension gt lt category gt lt category text Male label Male string m varName gender gt lt dimension axis column text Statistics gt lt category text Frequency gt lt cell text 258 number 258 gt lt category gt lt category text Percent gt lt cell text 54 4 number 54 430379746835 decimals 1 gt lt category gt lt category text Valid Percent gt lt cell text 54 4 number 54 430379746835 decimals 1 gt lt category gt lt category text Cumulative Percent gt lt cell text 10
515. yntax for use in other sessions or in production jobs Cache data locally A data cache is a complete copy of the data file stored in temporary disk space Caching the data file can improve performance Reading Cognos data If you have access to a IBM Cognos Business Intelligence server you can read IBM Cognos Business Intelligence data packages and list reports into IBM SPSS Statistics To read IBM Cognos Business Intelligence data 1 From the menus choose 20 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User s Guide File gt Read Cognos Data 2 Specify the URL for the IBM Cognos Business Intelligence server connection 3 Specify the location of the data package or report 4 Select the data fields or report that you want to read Optionally you can e Select filters for data packages e Import aggregated data instead of raw data e Specify parameter values Mode Specifies the type of information you want to read Data or Report The only type of report that can be read is a list report Connection The URL of the Cognos Business Intelligence server Click the Edit button to_define the details of anew Cognos connection from which to import data or reports See the topic connections for more information Location The location of the package or report that you want to read Click the Edit button to display a list of available sources from which to import content See the topic Cognos location on page 22 for more informatio
516. ype of predictive model e Linear Regression and Discriminant models For independent variables in linear regression and discriminant models if mean value substitution for missing values was specified when building and saving the model then this mean value is used in place of the missing value in the scoring computation and scoring proceeds If the mean value is not available then the system missing value is returned e Decision Tree models For the CHAID and Exhaustive CHAID models the biggest child node is selected for a missing split variable The biggest child node is the one with the largest population among the child nodes using learning sample cases For C amp RT and QUEST models surrogate split variables if any are used first Surrogate splits are splits that attempt to match the original split as closely as possible using alternate predictors If no surrogate splits are specified or all surrogate split variables are missing the biggest child node is used e Logistic Regression models For covariates in logistic regression models if a mean value of the predictor was included as part of the saved model then this mean value is used in place of the missing value in the scoring computation and scoring proceeds If the predictor is categorical for example a factor in a logistic regression model or if the mean value is not available then the system missing value is returned Use System Missing Return the system missing value whe
517. ys less than the probability of the predicted value For these models the confidence value is more reliable than the probability of the predicted value e Node number The predicted terminal node number for Tree models e Standard error The standard error of the predicted value Available for Linear Regression models General Linear models and Generalized Linear models with a scale target This is available only if the covariance matrix is saved in the model file e Cumulative Hazard The estimated cumulative hazard function The value indicates the probability of observing the event at or before the specified time given the values of the predictors e Nearest neighbor The ID of the nearest neighbor The ID is the value of the case labels variable if supplied and otherwise the case number Applies only to nearest neighbor models e Kth nearest neighbor The ID of the kth nearest neighbor Enter an integer for the value of k in the Value column The ID is the value of the case labels variable if supplied and otherwise the case number Applies only to nearest neighbor models e Distance to nearest neighbor The distance to the nearest neighbor Depending on the model either Euclidean or City Block distance will be used Applies only to nearest neighbor models e Distance to kth nearest neigbor The distance to the kth nearest neighbor Enter an integer for the value of k in the Value column Depending on the model either Euclidean or City Blo
518. zations for elements that are selected in the main view For example depending on the type of model you may be able to select a variable node in the main view to display a table for that variable in the auxiliary view e One view at a time with thumbnails In this style there is only one view visible and other views are accessed via thumbnails on the left of the Model Viewer Each view displays some visualization for the model The specific visualizations that are displayed depend on the procedure that created the model For information about working with specific models refer to the documentation for the procedure that created the model Model view tables Tables displayed in the Model Viewer are not pivot tables You cannot manipulate these tables as you can manipulate pivot tables Setting model properties Copyright IBM Corporation 1989 2013 147 Within the Model Viewer you can set specific properties for the model See the topic Model properties for more information Copying model views You can also copy individual model views within the Model Viewer See the topic Copying model views for more information Model properties Depending on your Model Viewer choose File gt Properties or File gt Print View Each model has associated properties that let you specify which views are printed from the output Viewer By default only the view that is visible in the output Viewer is printed This is always
519. zed text is not color coded Commands By default recognized commands are colored blue and in bold text If however there is a recognized syntactical error within the command such as a missing parenthesis the command name is colored red and in bold text by default Note Abbreviations of command names such as FREQ for FREQUENCIES are not colored but such abbreviations are valid Subcommands Recognized subcommands are colored green by default If however the subcommand is missing a required equals sign or an invalid equals sign follows it the subcommand name is colored red by default Keywords Recognized keywords are colored maroon by default If however the keyword is missing a required equals sign or an invalid equals sign follows it the keyword is colored red by default Keyword values Recognized keyword values are colored orange by default User specified values of keywords such as integers real numbers and quoted strings are not color coded Chapter 14 Working with Command Syntax 165 Comments Text within a comment is colored gray by default Quotes Quotes and text within quotes are colored black by default Syntactical Errors Text associated with the following syntactical errors is colored red by default e Unmatched Parentheses Brackets and Quotes Unmatched parentheses and brackets within comments and quoted strings are not detected Unmatched single or double quotes within quoted strings are syntactically

IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Core System User's Guide

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