the ukpms user manual
Contents
1. Minimal XSP Referencing Method Full XSP Referencing Model Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description C Cartiageway LH Left Hard Shoulder L9 Left Additional Nearside Lane 9 L8 Left Additional Nearside Lane 8 L7 Left Additional Nearside Lane 7 L6 Left Additional Nearside Lane 6 L5 Left Additional Nearside Lane 5 L4 Left Additional Nearside Lane 4 L3 Left Additional Nearside Lane 3 L2 Left Additional Nearside Lane 2 L1 Left Additional Nearside Lane 1 CL1 Permanent Left Lane 1 CL2 Permanent Left Lane 2 CL3 Permanent Left Lane 3 CL4 Permanent Left Lane 4 CL5 Permanent Left Lane 5 CL6 Permanent Left Lane 6 CL7 Permanent Left Lane 7 CL8 Permanent Left Lane 8 CL9 Permanent Left Lane 9 L1 Left Additional Offside Lane 1 L2 Left Additional Offside Lane 2 13 Left Additional Offside Lane 3 L4 Left Additional Offside Lane 4 L5 Left Additional Offside Lane 5 L6 Left Additional Offside Lane 6 L7 Left Additional Offside Lane 7 L8 Left Additional Offside Lane 8 L9 Left Additional Offside Lane 9 CC Centre Line R9 Right Additional Offside Lane 9 R8 Right Additional Offside Lane 8 R7 Right Additional Offside Lane 7 R6 Right Additional Offside Lane 6 R5 Right Additional Offside Lane 5 R4 Right Additional Offside Lane 4 R3 Right Additional Offside Lane 3 R2 Right Additional Offside Lane 2 R1 Right Additional Offside Lane 1 CR9 Permanent Right Lan2. If the user wishes to process Concrete Joint Defects then a corresponding Concrete Joint Inventory must be maintained Longitudinal and lateral joints are addressed separately The minimum attributes to be maintained for a Section Feature and XSP are Longitudinal Concrete Joint Start Chainage End Chainage Number of Joints Lateral Concrete Joint Chainage Lateral Extent Table 7 UKPMS Inventory Concrete Joints 1 6 5 Minimum Inventory Items The following table summarises the UKPMS Item Inventory defined above They are applicable to a Section Feature and XSP Fame Attributes Carriageways Start Chainage Cycle tracks End Chainage Footways Start Width Verges End Width Hierarchy not for Carriageways Construction Type Surface Type for information Longitudinal Concrete Joint Start Chainage End Chainage Number of Joints Lateral Concrete Joint Chainage Lateral Extent Kerb Start Chainage End Chainage Construction Type Table 8 UKPMS Inventory Minimum 1 6 6 Other Inventory The Stage 2 Logical Design for UKPMS included complex sophisticated facilities for building up estimates of works costs which take account not only of inventory of the type described above but also other features such as crossovers ironwork and the like This functionality is particularly applicable to the Interactive Pass described in the Stage 2 documentation Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03
3. Linear extents or areas of features are calculated and combined with unit cost rates To define the hierarchies for features at a sub network level For example on a single network section a footway outside shops may have a different footway hierarchy to elsewhere on the section The inventory is also used to check the consistency of the condition data and inventory during processing For example a bituminous defect will be discarded if the inventory is concrete 1 6 1 Default Inventory Default Inventory allows users to define default Inventory widths where Item Inventory is not recorded Each Network Section has a Road Type as listed in Table 6 above along with the mandatory attribute of Road Hierarchy The currently defined Road Hierarchies are Strategic Routes Main Distributor Secondary Distributor Link Road Local Access Road No Carriageway Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 24 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Default widths are a function of Inventory Type Road Type and Road Hierarchy When the area of an Inventory Item is required the default width is used when no explicit Inventory exists for an XSP between the start and end chainage of the Item being considered The inventory width is assumed to apply over the complete chainage interval Users can vary these defaults for each combination of road hierarchy and road type within their network
4. POOR Poor 2 ot more classes below VGD Very Good Higher road class DOTC DOT Classification 1 1 2 2 2A 2a 3 2 5 5 NC NC NA Not Applicable DRAN Drainage Status Z None N Non Positive NA Not Applicable P Positive FREQ Footway Opening Frequency 3 gt 5 AIUs per 200m per Year 1 0 2 AIUs per 200m per Year 2 2 5 AIUs per 200m per Year NA Not Applicable FWST Footway Status NA Not Applicable P Protected U Unprotected SPD Speed Limit ANY 0 NOCW 0 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 10 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Attribute Attribute Option Code Attribute Name Code Attribute Option 60 60 70 70 NA Not Applicable SUTY Surface Type BITM Bitumen Macadam BLCK Block Paving CONC Concrete CNFL Concrete Flags GRSS Grass RASH Hot Rolled Asphalt NA Not Applicable OTHR Other SETT Setts SRED Surface Dressing UNBT Unknown Bituminous UMDE Unmade TLEV Traffic Level 5 No Vehicular Traffic NA Not Applicable 1 SW Road Type 1 10 to 30 msa 2 SW Road Type 2 2 5 to 30 msa 4 SW Road Type 4 up to 0 5 msa 3 2 1 SW Type 3 0 5 to 2 5 msa Isolated Areas of Trafficking VEHI Vehicular Traffic No Trafficking of the Footway NA Not Applicable 3 Over 50 of Length Traf
5. doc Page 27 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing The current project has scoped a core sub set of Stage 2 functionality Among other things that sub set does not address the Interactive Pass and radically simplifies Estimating As a result no other Item Inventory other than that described in the paragraphs above plays an active algorithmic role in the currently scoped UKPMS However many developers provide facilities for handling more general inventories This functionality allows in principle UKPMS to become a fundamental building block in a maintenance organisation s wider integrated systems IS initiatives and to facilitate basic compatibility with possible future developments relating to the Interactive Pass It may also provide for developers adding value to their systems through the provision of more sophisticated estimating and or scheme building facilities over and above the minimum requirements for UKPMS comparability User defined attributes and options may be added to the existing minimum inventory items in addition to defining new inventory items and their attributes The functionality and additional referencing capabilities available within an individual software developer s system also needs to be taken into account when setting up the UKPMS network The user will need to give careful consideration when setting up additional inventory items since many sys
6. have 1 USRN for the North parish and another for South parish Using the USRN for a section reference will provide a direct compatison to individual streets In some instances there may be no need for a second element to sub divide streets however longer streets will almost certainly need to be split into separate sections This method produces the added constraint that network sections will need to end at changes in USRN which are not always obvious to a surveyor A street that crosses a parish boundary may have a different USRN even though it is not possible to identify the parish boundary on site or for example where Bath Road becomes Bristol Road Some UKPMS systems form patt of an integrated management system and data that is stored in other systems such as street lighting can be linked to data stored within PMS systems in many of these cases there must be a link between the 2 netwotks used for storing the 2 separate data sets this link is often the USRN ESU Type References 3150120764125 A level 2 gazetteer divides the USRN network into subsections known as Elementary Street Units ESU each ESU is split at every intersection of a toad centre line Therefore each ESU is the small centre line for each street between every junction In dense urban areas with staggered Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 14 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing cr
7. not produce as many problems however chainages recorded during surveys may creep and this would be exaggerated over a longer distance The shrinking and stretching of some survey types CVI amp SCANNER data to fit the actual section length will uniformly distribute tolerance type errors However random errors in location referencing will still create problems for the reasons previously described It is recommended the following general rules may be applied as a guide Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 12 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Sections end when they intersect with another road of equal or higher classification for example a B road would be split at junctions with other B roads or A roads but would not split at junctions with C or unclassified roads Unclassified roads should be split at junctions when give way lines are present For example an estate with two branching cul de sacs may have 3 sections the main line section and the 2 branches which start or end at the give way lines with the main line section the main line section does not need to be split at the cul de sac entrances if there are no give way lines on the main line section Adhering to the above rules sections should be made as long as possible up to an approximate maximum length of 2 3km When sections begin to exceed these lengths suitable permanent features may be used
8. sections section UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Feb 2006 Page 13 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing 123 004 will generally be followed by A123 005 etc To allow for alterations to the network sections may initially be numbered in steps of 5 or 10 alternatively a section that needs to be split may for example be changed from A123 004 to A123 004 1 and A123 004 2 All UKPMS systems provide functionality to split and merge sections and their associated data Figure 1 on page 3 shows simplified CHART Type references Some CHART references may also have the LA code before the road number for example 0400A123 005 National Street Gazetteer Type References There are various levels to the BS7666 National Street Gazetteer NSG which result in different reference systems USRN Type References 3000110 005 A level 1 gazetteer divides the network into individual streets with a Unique Street Reference Number USRN Each street will have a USRN but in many cases street names such as Station Road occur on many occasions throughout an authority each street will be uniquely identified by its USRN and the description can also locate which of the multiple streets that it is for example Station Road Ward A and Station Road Ward B The same very long street that crosses a parish boundary may also be split into multiple USRNs for example the Church Road may
9. the calculation of user costs for economic prioritisation Start Node Start Node Y Y End Node End Node 117 Table 5 Fields for Network Section Attributes Section Label is the unique label for this section See Network Referencing for details on how to assign section labels Section Description should provide a description of the section This may typically include start and end points i e From Jct Queen St to Jet Church Rd With the exception of spatial interrogation of data this field is often the field that will identify the location of the section Thought should be given to Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 21 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing the creation of section descriptions For example the inclusion of start and end points is desirable A good description would enable a survey contractor that does not know the network to identify and correctly survey the network sections Section Length is the length in metres of the section between the start and end points or nodes The measurement entered may be a survey measurement taken from a specific measurement survey or from a condition survey where length is accurately measured Alternatively the measurement may be estimated from plans maps or some other method Section Length Status indicates if the length recorded is measured or estimated Initially lengths may be entered as estimat
10. tied to carriageway attributes which affect the current treatment selection rules should be given careful consideration when producing a network It is also worth noting that the urban rural and DoT classification attribute will affect the BVPI calculations and reports The other attributes need only be maintained if it is practical and the information is available Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 8 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing n summary all network sections should be split if there is a change in any network attribute however in practical terms it is recommended that network sections are split if there is a change in any of the following network attributes e Road hierarchy e Urban rural e Tied to step level e Off carriageway tied to carriageway DoT Classification As full information may not be readily available to the user default values may be assigned for the other attributes when setting up the network In that case it may not make sense to split the section at changes of these defaulted attributes as they may be purely arbitrary Users may decide to use the existing Unique Street Reference Number USRN system for their road network as the basis for identifying the UKPMS network sections However the USRN convention frequently results in many short road sections Some UKPMS systems can be set up so that each USRN has a one to many relatio
11. R4 Right Off Carriageway Position 4 R5 Right Off Carriageway Position 5 R6 Right Off Carriageway Position 6 R7 Right Off Carriageway Position 7 R8 Right Off Cartiageway Position 8 R9 Right Off Carriageway Position 9 RA Right Boundary Area RB Right Boundary Table 4 Cross Sectional Positions Notes e This common list of cross section positions has been produced to meet the needs of both URPMS and HAPMS and has been drawn up after consultations between advisors on both projects The hard shoulder positions have been added to reflect Highways Agency requirements e The terms nearside and offside have been adopted as less ambiguous than the previously used outer and inner e A common set of cross section positions has been agreed by Local Authorities and the Highways agency to be suitable for both local roads and Trunk Roads and Motorways The carriageway is defined as the main pavement used by vehicular traffic e Offcarriageway means all areas within the highway boundary not classed as carriageway e g kerb footway cycletrack and verge Where a footway or cycletrack exists separately this should be considered as an off carriageway item with no carriageway feature present It will be necessary to allocate a dummy side parameter for such a feature e The highway boundary is the legal limit of the highway The highway boundaries are denoted LB and RB for the full cross section position method e The edg
12. a basis for the UKPMS network However the specific requirements of UKPMS may require some adaptation or changes to be made At its simplest level the UKPMS network has no connectivity section to section represented in the system database although connectivity may appear to be implied by the referencing codes labelling or naming of the individual network sections A pseudo or artificial connectivity can be introduced by the use of nodes referencing the start and ends of sections or intermediate points where other sections connect such as a T junction It should be noted that the UKPMS processing rules do not take into account this connectivity each network section is processed in isolation from all others However whilst nodes and the connectivity they imply are not mandatory for a UKPMS network they can be particularly useful as will be shown later It is therefore recommended that nodes are used when setting up the network unless there are strong business reasons not to do so The UKPMS network sections define the physical network in terms of its length and centreline They form the spine against which all other network data is referenced Dunsford Drive U16013 U16013 1 U16013 2 N4 N3 m Ne Broad Street High Street Bow Road 7 Wills Walk Ch Ch Ch Ch 0 250 460 512 Figure 1 Network Sections amp Nodes Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 3 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundament
13. aken into account Consideration should be given to simplifying the reference system where possible such as omitting the LA code from a CHART reference The end use of the PMS system will result in the production of many reports that may need to be sorted by network section Care needs to be taken in setting up references that will produce a meaningfully alphanumerically sorted order where necessary For instance using the reference A0123 4 and A0012 1 may sort differently to A123 4 and A012 1 depending on software etc The use of certain delimiters in the reference such as or _ may also be an influencing factor The functionality of the individual UKPMS developers software system needs to be taken into account and therefore it is not possible to provide a set of comprehensive rules in this manual Where the alphanumeric sort includes the use of wildcards again consider the implications in choosing references Recommendations for referencing e Keep it simple where possible e Make sure the system or systems used are consistent e Make sure the system s are capable of referencing all likely eventualities for the network now and in the future e Make sure the references are easy to understand and intuitive e Make sure the references will sort alphanumerically on your system Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 15 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing tion Chainage T
14. al elements of the pavement as in Bituminous Surfaced Concrete Construction Each observation and its derived rating lengths defect lengths and treatments are allocated a pavement type which will determine the rules that are applied during processing In many cases the surface construction type and pavement type of a feature may be coincident Construction type is recorded as part of the inventory and the pavement type is recorded as part of the condition data the two are reconciled during processing Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 25 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Paved Surface Inventory The following Features e Carriageways e Cycle tracks e Footways e Verges e Kerbs Comprise the Paved Surface inventory The geometry of Kerb is defined by start and end chainage only For other items widths are also recorded If a Paved Surface inventory is recorded the minimum attributes to be maintained fot a Section Feature and XSP are e Start Chainage e End Chainage e Start Width not for Kerbs e End Width not for Kerbs e Feature Hierarchy for footways and optionally for other features This minimal set of data does not support the refining of Defects based upon Construction Type which allows the user to distinguish between and to separately consider Covered Concrete and fully flexible Bituminous surface types In order to do so users m
15. als Chapter 4 Network Referencing To represent the width or cross sectional attributes of each UKPMS network section inventory items such as carriageway footway verge kerb etc are allocated to the section To describe the position of these items relative to the centreline UKPMS cross sectional positions XSPs are used Inventory items can also record various other attributes including widths Thus the inventory items and XSP s are used to define the position and width of cartiageways footpaths cycleways kerbs verges etc which may start finish or vaty along the length of the UKPMS network section Furthermore point items such as gullies manhole covers bollards streetlights etc can also be represented although they are not used in the standard UKPMS processing rules Further data or attributes can then be defined against each inventory item to describe both actual and notional characteristics of the network at that point These attributes can include surface type material construction layers colour or any other attribute relevant to the end user although the attributes used by UKPMS processing rules are limited to those shown in Table 1 below Feature d Attribute Feature Code Feature Description Length Attribute Code Desctiption Indicator CT Cycle Track A CONS Construction ISUTY Surface Type CW Carriageway A ICONS Construction IsUTY Surface Type FW Foot
16. ard direction of a section and pseudo connectivity between sections The use of nodes is mandatory where machine surveys ate to be conducted and therefore with the implementation of SCANNER surveys on the sub principal road network nodes may play an increased role in UKPMS NOTE The proposed new HMDIF definition may allow the survey contractor to enter F or R for each network section instead of nodes Nodes may also be used to represent connectivity by additional functionality particularly in relation to data exchange with GIS drawing or advanced reporting software Furthermore future developments in UKPMS such as scheme level analysis could use nodes to show connectivity between sections in a scheme Start end and intermediate nodes can be set up and referenced to the network section by chainage The start node should always be at zero chainage and the end node s chainage is equal to the section s total length Any intermediate nodes must be within the section s chainage limits start and end points and two nodes cannot be at the exact same chainage In practice if two nodes are required at the same position they can be separated by a minimum chainage interval of say 1m Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 16 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Although nodes are often referred to as node numbers and the CHART referencing required that CHART nodes be numeric a
17. as functionality to stretch and shrink data over a section to allow for measuring tolerances this must not be used to overcome poor condition survey location referencing The reason for this is that when trending or projecting network condition inaccuracy in the location of defects from one survey to another may create a situation where the trends and projection are meaningless For example if in one survey a crack is located at a chainage of 20m and the next sutvey records no crack because of inaccurate surveying how can this be projected If you consider a whole section of cracks apparently appearing and disappearing at various chainages from one survey to another the problem becomes self evident Extrapolate this to all the data that may be collected by say a SCANNER survey alone let alone combining separate sutveys such as SCRIM and the immensity of the problem is obvious The length of sections defined is also an important issue Having many sections that are too short can create problems with surveying as it may not be possible to accurately identify and record frequent section changes from moving vehicles The more sections there are the more chances there are for inaccurately identifying start and end points When data is processed by the UKPMS system results will be presented based on these short sections meaning that many small lengths will be reported which may make interpretation of the results more difficult Longer sections do
18. as reference to split a section for example bridges and track entrances In practice this will only really occur for very rural landscapes Small sections of less than 30m that have a central reservation should not be considered as separate dual carriageway sections and sections of less than 10m for example hammerhead turnings at the end of cul de sacs should be recorded within the inventory as carriageways with large widths The UKPMS rules for section start and end points section changes may still define short sections particularly in dense urban areas Where the end user has control over the section length it is suggested that the following table is a reasonable guide to appropriate minimum average maximum lengths Urban Dense Urban Rural Motorway 100m 1500m 3000m 100m 1000m 2000m 100m 1500m 3000m Principal 30m 800m 2500m 30m 500m 1000m 30m 1000m 3000m B 30m 500m 2000m 30m 400m 1000m 30m 1000m 3000m C 30m 500m 2000m 30m 400m 1000m 30m 1000m 3000m Unclassified 10m 200m 1000m 10m 150m 800m 10m 1000m 3000m Table 3 Recommendations for Network Section Lengths Limits The section reference may be generated in a number of ways some typical examples of systems used are Chart Type References A123 005 CHART Type references use the road number followed by a number defining the section along that road This method allows easy identification of the road class and gives an indication of the order of
19. carriageway should be nominated Road Type defines the type of road for this section from the UKPMS options as in the following table Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 22 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Code Road Type Description Number of Lanes Nearside Multiplier D1 Dual 1 Lane 1 1 D2 Dual 2 Lane 2 1 D3 Dual 3 Lane 3 1 D4 Dual 4 Lane 4 1 NC No Carriageway 0 0 Rl Roundabout 1 Lane 1 0 R2 Roundabout 2 Lane 2 0 R3 Roundabout 3 Lane 3 0 S1 Single 1 Lane Carriageway 1 1 S2 Single 2 Lane Carriageway 2 2 S3 Wide Single 3 Lane Carriageway 3 2 S4 Single 4 Lane Carriageway 4 2 S5 Single 5 Lane Carriageway 5 2 WD2 Wide Dual 2 Lane 2 1 WD3 Wide Dual 3 Lane E 1 WS2 Wide Single 2 Lane Carriageway 2 2 Table 6 UKPMS Road Types Note The Nearside multiplier field denotes the number of nearside lanes that each road type has and is used in the BVPI calculations All single 2 way sections have a nearside multiplier of 2 for each direction Any one way streets that have more than one lane should be recorded as dual carriageway sections 1 6 Inventory Inventory is used to define the physical details of the network by providing information on carriageway footway verges kerbs cycle tracks etc and other relevant features of a network section Inventory records physical items rather than sectio
20. e 9 CR8 Permanent Right Lane 8 CR7 Permanent Right Lane 7 CR6 Permanent Right Lane 6 CR5 Permanent Right Lane 5 CR4 Permanent Right Lane 4 CR3 Permanent Right Lane 3 CR2 Permanent Right Lane 2 CR1 Permanent Right Lane 1 R1 Right Additional Nearside Lane 1 R2 Right Additional Nearside Lane 2 R3 Right Additional Nearside Lane 3 Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 19 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Minimal XSP Referencing Method Full XSP Referencing Model Abbreviation Description Abbteviation Description R4 Right Additional Nearside Lane 4 R5 Right Additional Nearside Lane 5 R6 Right Additional Nearside Lane 6 R7 Right Additional Nearside Lane 7 R8 Right Additional Nearside Lane 8 R9 Right Additional Nearside Lane 9 RH Right Hard Shoulder L Left LB Left Boundary LA Left Boundaty Area L9 Left Off Carriageway Position 9 L8 Left Off Carriageway Position 8 L7 Left Off Carriageway Position 7 L6 Left Off Carriageway Position 6 I5 Left Off Carriageway Position 5 L4 Left Off Carriageway Position 4 L3 Left Off Carriageway Position 3 L2 Left Off Carriageway Position 2 il Left Off Carriageway Position 1 LE Left Edge R Right RE Right Edge R1 Right Off Carriageway Position 1 R2 Right Off Carriageway Position 2 R3 Right Off Carriageway Position 3
21. e defined Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 5 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Two Lane Single Carriageway Verge Footway L1 Bus Bay C Traffic Flow Referencing Section gt EM Ms Traffic Flow 4 RE Verge R1 Footway R2 Cycleway R3 RB Figure 2 Typical Single Carriageway Cross Sectional Positions Figure 2 represents the XSP s of a single 2 lane carriageway netwotk section with traffic flowing in both directions The minimal XSPs L C amp R are shown on the left and the full XSPs on the right Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 6 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Dual Carriagewa LE L2 Verge t L1 Footway L2 Footway L1 Verge CL1 Referencina Section Referencing Section CL1 LE L L1 Figure 3 Typical Dual Carriageway Cross Sectional Positions Figure 3 represents 2 separate 2 lane dual carriageway network sections The convention for a dual carriageway is to set up sections for each side direction of the dual carriageway Inventory and observations for the central reserve are referenced to only one of these 2 sections which will be designated as the nominated section The minimal XSPs L C amp R are shown in the centre One way str
22. e distance along the individual XSP Care must be taken in ensuring that the correct curvilinear chainage is assigned as this will affect the allocation of condition data when surveyed against the defined inventory There were originally two alternative methods of UKPMS cross section position referencing Full Detailed or Minimal Simple which enable items to be assigned to the physical bands across the width of the highway e g a traffic lane a footway a kerb a verge However the specification of XSP s has since been changed to a single model combining both full and minimal models with certain limitations Although the terms Full amp Minimal will be retained to refer to the two different types of XSP Thus the distinction between full and minimal XSP levels has been dropped Therefore condition and inventory data can be stored in UKPMS systems using any XSP method however the PMS system will treat data stored in the Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 17 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing same place using the 2 different methods as 2 distinct XSPs For example if CVI data using minimal XSPs in C was processed alongside SCANNER data using CL1 and CR1 3 treatments may be produced along the same chainages in the 3 XSPs CL1 CR1 and C Effectively this assumes that CVI and other data will not be processed together on the same section users
23. e is the line dividing carriageway from off carriageway typically the kerb line Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 20 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing tion Data Table 5 gives a list of the UKPMS defined data fields for a network section As can be seen some of these fields are mandatory others are optional In order to create a section all of the mandatory fields must be provided Defaults may be used Es E H Attribute Comments e Section Label The unique user identifier for a section Y Section Description Section Description Y Section Length Length of the Section in metres Y Section Length Status E Estimated or M measured Automatically updated from E to M when Y Inventory or Condition Data is loaded Road Hierarchy LAA Code of Good Practice Road Hierarchy Code Fundamental to USPMS Y Processing If local variations are used approptiate processing rules must be supplied Foorway Hierarchy s or Rural s Urban or R Rural Nominated N Not Nominated or Y Nominated central cross sectional positions are Y 7 allocated to the nominated sections on dual carriageways Road Type Code e g D2 2 lane dual carriageway Tied to Step Level Yes No Indicates whether the carriageway height is tied to a step level LE treatments that raise the level of the carriageway are permitted Yes m
24. eans the treatments are not permitted Off Catriageway Tied to Yes No Indicates whether the off carriageway is tied to the carriageway for treatments v Carriageway LE off carriageway works are required to accommodate carriageway works Yes means the treatments are not permitted Drainage Status User Definable Currently Set as Positive Non Positive and None Y Footway Vehicular Traffic Indicates the extent to which the footway is subject to vehicle overrun Greater overrun Status will accelerate projected condition Footway Frequency of A broad category indicating the frequency of statutory undertaker openings in the Opening Code footway Greater levels of opening will accelerate projected footway conditions Diversion Quality Code Diversion Quality Used in the calculation of user costs for economic prioritisation Normal Survey Direction F Forward or R Reverse Defaults to F Y Funding Organisations Funding Organisation M Road Name Road Name v Area Name Area Name Y Town Name Town Name Y Road Number Road Number v Section Start Date Section Start Date Y Section End Date Section End Date Y District Code District Code v DoT Classification 3 A Roads 4 B Roads 5 C Roads 6 U Roads or NC No carriageway v remote footways Traffic Level Broad Traffic Level Categorisation Influences rate of deterioration for projected condition and used in
25. ebrietas nebula ord 19 142 UKPMS Gross Section POSIHOS amena ai a 19 15 Section DAU e 21 1 6 jai 100 LT NT 23 Lol Default levenoty wiinccnwnienanarnnciincameniencnismnniqninucninienantacatiaie 24 16 2 Pavement Type Surface Type and Construction Type octets 25 1 6 3 Paved S rface ay Ste Ory cs sesaicis cspininnsnetinacnnamacgneainse muses a AN 25 1 6 4 Coucrie Joint InyentOry cseaasacceieaeiasepasessncssaettsapnieiesepeveivsehumeveowiveeteeeesacee 26 16 5 Minim m Inventory Items sis ssatinsusesinnonoesiisshensisewntedasncken hanannecabsshenaassanaedibuusedisiatin 27 L6G Other IAVENtOY saniainen c Rud a AEN Rr af op UR UM TRASEE 27 Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 2 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing 1 The Network The UKPMS network is the means by which the physical network road footpath cycle track is represented within the UKPMS database This physical network is divided up into linear sections i e lengths of road or footpath cycle track etc based on certain UKPMS rules combined with the specific requirements and preferences of the user To avoid confusion these linear sections will be referred to as network sections in this manual In many cases users will have existing networks defined for other management systems Where such networks exist there will often be strong reasons for using them as
26. ed if for example they have been generated by the measurement of maps etc Following the first import of data against a section marked as Estimated the length recorded in the survey will be taken as the correct length for the section The section length will then be updated and the Section Length Status changed to Measured It is important to remember that this updating will occur and care should be taken to ensure that the first data imported against the section is known to be accurate If the length for the section is known to be correct it should be imported as a Measured length thus removing any potential problems Road Hierarchy records the hierarchy for the section This may be different to the hierarchy entered against individual inventory items i e footways Footway Hierarchy records the default footway hierarchy for any footway on the section This may be different from the hierarchy entered for individual footways via the inventory Where there are footways of different hierarchies on the same section the default footway hierarchy for the section should be set to the highest of the hierarchies present Speed Limit indicates the speed limit relating to this section Urban or Rural is used to indicate the status of the section Nominated indicates that this section is used to store information about the central reserve on a dual carriageway road Only one of the two sections that would define a length of dual
27. eets with more than one lane should be treated as dual carriageway sections Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 7 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing While there are some specific UKPMS rules as to how a network should be defined there is also significant flexibility in certain areas which is left to the judgement of the user This means that any one UKPMS network may vary significantly in definition from another similar network Therefore using another user s network referencing system as a template may not be prudent without some thought and analysis of particular needs The following sections of the manual give broad advice as well as detailing the specific rules set down by UKPMS Howevet as it would be very onerous and costly to redefine a network then transfer all the condition data at some future date it is recommended that great cate is taken in the initial specification and definition of the network and associated inventory The functionality and additional referencing capabilities available within an individual software developer s system also needs to be taken into account when setting up the UKPMS network Many developers have UKPMS as part of an overall asset management system which will fulfil many different requirements for the user This also means that the user s network often needs to be defined and therefore referenced in different ways depending on the
28. ficked STEP Step Level N No NA Not Applicable Y Yes FWAY Footway tied to Carriageway N No NA Not Applicable Y Yes NOM Nominated N No NA Not Applicable Y Yes URBN Urban or Rural NA Not Applicable R Rural S Suburban U Urban Table 2 Section Attributes and Options Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 11 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing 1 1 Network Section Referencing As noted above when inventory details and condition data are recorded in the UKPMS database they are linked to an individual network section Each of these network sections will have a unique section reference However there is no prescribed method by which a network sections reference should be defined UKPMS does limit the section reference to a total of 30 characters Therefore thought must be given to a method of referencing which will always be unique within the character limitation and identify the network in a meaningful way for the end user When defining sections in the initial network setup process the practicalities of operating with the network chosen must be carefully considered The start and end points of each section must be able to be clearly identified on the ground This may be an obvious point such as a sign or line on the road If clear points are not available consideration must be given to marking such points with a stud or other clear marker Whilst the UKPMS system h
29. he section chainage is a curvilinear distance which is the distance that would be physically measured along the centreline of the section This means that the chainage and therefore the overall length of the section takes into account gradient as well as horizontal plan distance While this may not be significant on relatively flat shorter road sections long sections in hilly or mountainous areas will have a significantly different curvilinear distance compated to the plan measured distance As data from surveys is allocated against chainage along the section it is important that the section length in the UKPMS database is within the tolerances for importing the survey data While as mentioned previously UKPMS allows the shrinking and stretching of data rubber banding problems may be exacerbated where inaccurate section lengths are combined with inaccurate location of survey start points In turn these inaccuracies of the location referencing of condition data will cause major difficulties with the use of historical data such as in condition projection 1 3 Section Nodes A node defines the start point end point and intermediate points along that section where another section may intersect Therefore an intermediate node will also be the start or end node of another section on that network Figure 1 shows an example of allocating Section Nodes Nodes are optional within the UKPMS network However the use of nodes is used in defining the forw
30. in local rule sets It should be noted that UKPMS does not support the concept of default inventory Construction Type so that in such cases the Pavement Type implied by the defect is taken when processing condition data even if this is wholly or partially unknown as in the Unknown pavement type for machine surveys or the Bituminous Surface Unknown Construction pavement type for visual inspections Since paved widths are often not uniform it is recommended that default inventory is not used when processing DVI surveys To calculate an accurate percentage defectiveness for DVI defects a minimal inventory of start and end width for each associated inventory item is strongly recommended Users wishing to process concrete joint defects for a DVI survey must also have a corresponding concrete joint inventory There are no defaults 1 6 2 Pavement Type Surface Type and Construction Type The UKPMS approach for defects and processing is founded on concepts relating to the material from which a pavement is constructed The surface type is the material from which the visible element of the pavement is constituted such as Surface Dressed The Construction type of a paved feature is the structural element of a pavement such as Concrete It is wotth noting that the surface type plays no part in processing it is for information only The pavement type has the most important role within UKPMS combining the surface and structur
31. nd 5 characters various UKPMS systems allow the nodes codes to be of differing character lengths and to include ASCII text characters Care needs to be taken with node numbers with leading zeros Particularly when setting up or editing netwotk or survey information using external software packages such as spreadsheets and text editors For example node 02255 may be automatically changed in a spreadsheet package to 2255 as leading zeros are truncated Since nodes do not have to be numeric the UKPMS software will not recognise that the nodes are the same To avoid confusion and potential errors each node in the network should identify only one point and have a unique reference Recommendations e Use Nodes even though they are optional e Do not use leading zeros for node references e Make sure all nodes in a network have a unique reference 1 4 Cross Sectional Position XSP All data associated with a network section is referenced to a chainage measuted from the start of the section and a lateral location or cross sectional position XSP This data includes both inventory along with associated attributes and in turn condition data which must be associated with the appropriate inventory item When determining the chainage for an XSP it is important to remember that this is a curvilinear distance i e taking into account changes in elevation or slope of the section along the section centreline and not a plan distance or th
32. ns which are purely a means of referencing position Each inventory item is referenced against a section Details stored will include where appropriate start and end chainages within the section start and end widths for area type inventory ie carriageway structural characteristics such as surface type material etc hierarchy and cross sectional position Item inventory is currently used in UKPMS for the following purposes Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 23 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing To refine the Pavement Type that is associated with a defect recorded in a condition survey For example the defect WT major cracking Bituminous Surface Unknown Construction 8 Carriageway might be transformed using inventory information into WT major cracking Covered Concrete Carriageway For defects recorded in DVT s Detailed Visual Inspection to calculate the defectiveness of the observed defect and hence assign a rating value to the defect For example BCRJ Major Cracking on a Bituminous Surfaced Carriageway might be recorded as 80 square metres over a chainage interval of 20 metres The corresponding lane area derived from the inventory might be 200 square metres thus giving a defectiveness of 40 i e 80 200 To calculate the estimated works costs of the treatments generated by the treatment selection process
33. nship with the network section although this is not core UKPMS functionality This means that each USRN can be split to one or more network sections However in some systems it is not possible to have one network section assigned to two different USRNs in which case all of the network sections should be split wherever there is a change in USRN Common sense should apply if a 1000m section had a change in USRN at 980m then it would be prudent to assign all of the section to the major USRN The use of the USRN network can be extremely useful when operating integrated management systems A full list of the section attributes and their corresponding options and codes can be found in the following table Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 9 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Attribute Attribute Option Code Attribute Name Code Attribute Option CONS Construction BT Bituminous BL Block Paved CO Concrete CRC Continuously Reinf Concrete XC Covered Concrete FL Flagged KB Kerb LM Leanmix NA Not Applicable RJC Reinforced Jointed Concrete UK Unknown UJC Unreinforced Jointed Concrete DIVE Diversion Quality NOCW 0 AVG Average Road class below GOOD Good Equivalent road class NONE None No acceptable diversion NA Not Applicable
34. osstoads junctions the ESUs can be very small and in rural areas where there are no other road junctions they can be very large Each ESU will have start and end coordinates A level 3 gazetteer provides intermediate coordinates for each ESU which could be exported spatially and represent the road network in Geographical Information Systems GIS The use of ESUs to define a PMS network will normally mean that no further sub division will be needed However by their very nature ESUs tend to produce a large number of very short sections in certain citcumstances This can prove to be very impractical when survey or inventory data is to be collected for the reasons identified earlier A suitable compromise is to use the longer ESUs as they stand but to group shorter ESUs However ESUs will not change where there is a change in speed limit There is no reason that more than one type of referencing cannot be used for any single network Clearly where more than one type of referencing is undertaken great care needs to be exercised to ensure that the system does not confuse users and others viewing the data For instance Local Authorities may choose to adopt more than one type of reference The CHART type reference could be used for say the principal road network and possibly the classified network whilst the unclassified network could use the USRN type reference When using an existing reference system there are also other factors that should be t
35. particular functions being fulfilled Such needs as safety inspections recotding customer complaints recording of streetworks etc will all be reporting on the same physical network but may have very different specified referencing requirements at the software database level Additional fields that allow network sections to be referenced by additional attribute fields such as locality town wards or mapping to other reference systems may all provide additional ways of defining the network for reporting purposes So while such functionality is outside the scope of UKPMS it may usefully be employed by the end user to enhance the use of UKPMS There ate various sources of expert advice available individual UKPMS software developers and the UKPMS Support Consultant will be able to advise on appropriate sources of information and consultancy The UKPMS rules prescribe that network sections must be broken where there is a change in the road type in particular where the road changes between dual single carriageway and at roundabouts Network sections should also be broken at changes in the following mandatory attributes road hierarchy speed limit urban rural tied to step level off carriageway tied to cartiageway and traffic level Often default values have been used for the attributes detailed above or it is not practical to update network sections every time there is a speed limit change however the road hierarchy step level and off carriageway
36. tem suppliers have UKPMS as part of an overall asset management system which will fulfil many different requirements Some integrated systems will allow inventory to be linked to existing items held elsewhere in the database for example street lighting Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 28 of 28
37. the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Document Information Title Sub The UKPMS User Manual Title Volume 1 UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing Product UKPMS Manual_01_04 Number Author TRL Ltd Description Chapter Description Document History Version No Status Author Date Changes from Previous Version 01 Draft BVC NA SS 15 7 2005 First release for internal review 02 Draft BVC NA SS 17 02 06 Revisions to content 03 Draft BVC NA SS 21 02 06 Draft for external review UKPMS Support Office Chris Britton Consultancy 4 Howard Buildings 69 71 Burpham Lane Guildford Surrey GU4 7NB www ukpms com Email supportQ ukpms com Phone 44 0 1483 304364 Fax 44 0 1483 452264 Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 1 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing M M Aen ainnaNO 1 Document Historic iocans ba Gd iaa reda t bd o earn bb ea rada i Fra anda 1 NEU eye PTS 3 143 Network Section Referencing uus arb du depu CENE ERU QMGE DU RAE 12 1 2 Section S I T 16 L3 Section ls 6 8 M MET 16 1 4 Cross Sectional Postel XP suscipi ni brkcd ki RN ia ERR HR RM ER LEBER 17 1 4 1 Cross Section Position Granulatity sauer urinielercie Tech iniei secat
38. ust maintain Construction Type attributes as well The ability to maintain Construction Type as an attribute of an inventory item is mandatory for UKPMS comparability In practical terms it is unlikely that a user will have comprehensive information on construction types in an initial implementation of UKPMS The intention is that such information would be built up over time as and when new works were carried out or be determined from coring and investigation works Given that Construction Type represents the invisible properties of a pavement which may not be obvious from observation of the surface material it is far more likely that the visible Surface Type which plays no algorithmic role in UKPMS will be available as an attribute of an inventory item particularly where an existing inventory is being utilised for an initial implementation In practice Surface Type will be the same as Construction Type in all instances except for bituminous surfaced carriageways For these users will either have to make an initial assessment of construction based upon local knowledge site inspections or historic records Alternatively the user may assume flexible or rigid construction at a network or sub network level according to the locally prevalent construction type Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 26 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing oncrete Joint Inventory
39. way A CONS Construction SUTY Surface Type FWHI Footway Hierarchy KB Kerb L ICONS Construction KEMA Kerb Matetial LJ Longitudinal Joint L INOJO No of Joints TJ Transverse Joint P LEXT Lateral Extent VG Verge i CONS Construction ISUTY Surface Type Table 1 Inventory Items 1 This field denotes whether the inventory item is an area linear or point item Feb 2006 UKPMS_Manual_01_04v03 doc Page 4 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing The UKPMS network section inventory items and associated XSP s are used to completely define the real network in the UKPMS database in terms of length breadth and point items This provides a pseudo spatial model which all other data describing the physical condition of the elements can be referenced against As the network is the base against which all other data is referenced and processed great care must be taken to produce a network that will be meaningful maintainable and suitable for the foreseeable proposed uses both at present and in the future Where the functionality offered by a particular developer s software allows users may include inventory condition data local rules and parameters etc beyond those defined by UKPMS This section of the manual can only provide a general guide to setting up a UKPMS network based on the core requirements of UKPMS The following diagrams show how typical network sections would b
40. wishing to process CVI and other data will need to collect CVI data using the full XSP method For full details please refer to UKPMS Technical Note 34 Many authorities will already be using the RMMS model for cross sectional positions on their network It should be noted that RMMS XSP coding is not fully compatible with UKPMS and that although RMMS inventory specified against RMMS XSP s can be converted for UKPMS some XSPs cannot be accurately translated It is suggested that if a user is collecting an inventory to support both UKPMS and RMMS type use in the same database that either both sets of XSP codes are recotded ot that the UKPMS convention is adopted which can be reliably converted to RMMS coding Feb 2006 UKPMS Manual 01 04v03 doc Page 18 of 28 the ukpms user manual Volume UKPMS Fundamentals Chapter 4 Network Referencing 1 4 1 Cross Section Position Granularity Both Item Inventory and Condition Data may be collected using either Minimal or Full XSP s The former merely indicates if a Feature or Defect is on the Carriageway to its left or to its right For both the left and right hand sides of the highway the latter model references individual lane positions and provides for multiple off Carriageway Features such as more than one Footway 1 4 2 UKPMS Cross Section Positions
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