USER MANUAL - University of Liverpool
Contents
1. 1 b l i i ua l Pr Pt dB t i Fig 6 Simulation result for the corridor scenario by Chen 7 Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 Appendix A Vector sum vs Povver sum There are tvvo types of summat on generally used for the radio channel modelling One is referred to vector summation in which each received field 1s decomposed using a common Cartesian coordinate system into a triad of complex components E and E and the total received field Ek is obtained by adding all the respective components of each ray Mathematically assuming N rays arrive at the receiver the received field vector can be expressed as where a a and a are unit vectors in x y and z direction The corresponding receiver field strength can therefore be given by The other type of summation is referred to power summation in which the received field strength E is obtained by adding the individual field strength of each ray as 2 2 2 E E In the vector sum process the received electric field 1s vectorially combined field associated with each ray arriving at the receiver and hence can account for the small fading phenomenon In the power sum process the vectorially combined field is smoothed out by adding incoherently the strength of each ray Thus2. Ref 6 txt Ref 7T txt Ref S txt Ref 9 txt Dif 1 txt Intersection point locations of 1 order reflected ray When only one location of Rx is specified in the database all intersection point locations of 1 order reflection are listed in the file There are N x 3 elements in this file where N represents the total number of 1 order reflected rays In each row there are 3 columns representing the point location at x y and z axis unit metre Intersection point locations of 2 order reflected ray When only one location of Rx is specified in the database all intersection point locations of 2 order reflections are listed in the file There are N x 6 elements in this file where N represents the total number of 2 order reflected rays In each row there are 6 columns representing the point locations at x y and z axis with first 3 elements for the second reflection point and last 3 elements for the first reflection point unit metre Intersection point locations of 3 order reflected ray When only one location of Rx is specified in the database all intersection point locations of 3 order reflections are listed in the file There are N x 9 elements in this file where N denotes the total number of 37 order reflected rays In each row there are 9 columns representing the point locations at x and z axis with first 3 elements for the third reflection point followed y p by 3 elements for the second reflectio
3. columns denote the complex received electric field real part and imaginary part in the x direction The 4 and 5 columns denote the complex received electric field in the y direction The 6 and 7 columns denote the complex received electric field in the z direction unit v m Note 1 If 1 and Col 1 are set in the input data file Lfacet dat then only one Rx location is specified in the database 2 The definitions of vector sum and power sum are described in Appendix A V Database description 1 Lfacet dat Each facet in 3D space is described by a rectangle defined by its corner location W two vectors specifying its width U and height V and the unit normal vector of the UxV UV facet 13 as shown in the Fig 1 below where n Fig 1 Definition of a large facet Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 Tx position xt yt Zt Initial Rx position x Yr Zr 1Col dStepx dStepy Number of Rx positions in y direction Number of Rx positions in x direction Resolution of Rx movement in x direction unit metre Resolution of Rx movement in y direction unit metre dFreq TTx Type iRx_Type 1Tx_Orient 1Rx_Orient dPower Format of the file 1 row 274 row 3 row iRow iCol dStepx dStepy 4 row dFreq iT
4. THE UNIVERSITY ef LIVERPOOL Ray Tracing Programme User s Manual Jietao Zhang Release 2002 Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 I Introduction The 3D ray tracing program is developed for radio channel prediction The algorithm is based on Geometric Optics GO and Uniform Theory of Diffraction UTD in combination with image method 1 2 3 Multiple reflections and transmissions single diffraction diffraction reflection and reflection diffraction mechanisms are included in the program Given blueprint of the environment of interest the ray tracing program is capable of predicting both narrow and wide band parameters such as path loss and time delay spread of radio channels The result of studying the effects of building dielectric parameters on the prediction accuracy was published 4 II Running The Programme 1 Run Microsoft Developer Studio 2 Open workspace c raytrace raytrace dsw 3 Select Build menu in Microsoft Developer Studio Toolbar 4 Click Build Raytrace exe item 5 Press Ctrl F5 to run the program As the program starts running the following options prompt on the screen 1 Please enter the directory for input database Here is to enter the directory on disk where the input database files are For example if the database files are in c raytrace directory then c raytrace should be input The usage of VN in here is due t
5. 1 first order diffraction reflection considered which means a diffraction followed by a reflection occurs on the ray s journey from Tx to Rx III Input Database Files Lfacet dat Input data of large facets walls ceilings and floors etc and other simulation parameters Sfacet dat Input data of small facets windows and doors etc Edge dat Input data of edges corners and metallic window frames etc The format of each input data file is described in Section in detail IV Output Files AoA phi txt Angle of arrival of each ray reaching Rx component When only one location of Rx is specified in the database and wide band simulation is performed the angle of arrival at the Rx component is given in this file There are N x 1 elements in this file with the number of rows N representing the number of incident rays at the Rx unit radian AoA_theta txt Angle of arrival of each ray reaching Rx component When only one location of Rx is specified in the database and wide band simulation is performed the angle of arrival at the Rx component is given in this file There are N x 1 elements in this file with the number of rows N representing the number of incident rays at the Rx unit radian Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 Ref 1 txt Ref 2 txt Ref 3 txt Ref 4 txt Ref 5 txt
6. 1 1s selected each facet in the database has both reflectivity and transmittivity and its reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated depending on the type of material defined in the database This corresponds to indoor picocellular channel simulation 5 Please enter the order of REFLECTION considered Enter the order of reflection considered for at each simulation point The higher order considered the higher computation accuracy and higher computation time 6 Please enter the order of DIFFRACTION considered Enter the order of diffraction considered at each simulation point In the program either value 0 or 1 can be input 0 no diffraction considered 1 first order diffraction considered 7 Please enter the order of REF DIF considered Enter the order of ref dif considered at each simulation point In the program either value 0 or 1 can be input 0 no ref dif considered 1 first order reflection diffraction considered which means a reflection followed by a diffraction occurs on the ray s journey from Tx to Rx Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 8 Please enter the order of DIF REF considered Enter the order of dif ref considered at each simulation point In the program either value 0 or 1 can be input 0 no dif ref considered
7. it is used to account for the received field in wide band system Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool 1 Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 Appendix B Path loss calculation The received power at the receiver 1s defined as 2 A Pe She where P denotes the transmitter power and A is the wavelength The effects radiation patterns of both the transmitter and receiver are inherently included in the calculation of received electric field strength eel In the ray tracing model E 0 0 E 1 0 and 0 0 are used to compute the radiation pattern of an 05 cos 2 isotropic antenna and E 0 0 SING and E are used to compute the radiation pattern of a half wavelength dipole antennas The path loss in decibels is expressed as PL dB P dB P dB where P dB denotes the received power at reference point 1 metre away from the transmitter This quantity is shown in the output file e reference txt Appendix C Definitions of Mean excess delay and RMS delay spread The power delay profile which gives the time distribution of the received signal power from a transmitted 6 pulse is defined as 6 Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 N P cr hh cr 2 af fr T k 1 The time dispersive
8. order reflected rays power sum Format of the file refers to e_pow_ref1 txt Power of all 1 order diffracted rays power sum Format of the file refers to e_pow_ref1 txt Power of all reflected diffracted rays power sum Format of the file refers to e_pow_ref1 txt Power of all diffracted reflected rays power sum Format of the file refers to povv ref1 txt Power of all simulated rays power sum Format of the file refers to e total txt with infinite time resolution Only when the wide band simulation is performed the time dispersion parameters are computed There are N x 2 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database In each row the mean excess delay and RMS delay spread are given unit ns with user defined time resolution Format of the file refers to RMS_delay_spread0 txt Power delay profile at a single Rx position When only one location of Rx is specified in the database and wide band Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 simulation is performed the power delay profile at Rx is given in this file There are N x 7 elements in the file with N representing the total number of rays arriving at Rx The 17 column in each row denotes the time delay of each ray with respect to the direct ray in ns The 274 and 3
9. point location at x y and z axis unit metre Intersection point locations of reflected diffracted ray When only one location of Rx is specified in the database all intersection point locations of 17 order reflection are listed in the file There are N x 6 elements in this file where N denotes the total number of 1 order reflected diffracted rays In each row there are 6 elements representing the point locations at x y and z axis with first 3 elements for the diffraction point and last 3 elements for the reflection point unit metre Intersection point locations of diffracted reflected ray When only one location of Rx is specified in the database all intersection point locations of 17 order reflection are listed in the file There are N x 6 elements in this file where N denotes the total number of 1 order diffracted reflected rays In each row there are 6 elements representing the point locations at x y and z axis with first 3 elements for the reflection point and last 3 elements for the diffraction point unit metre Number of various types of ray reaching the Rx There are N x 13 elements in the file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database In each row the 1 column denotes the number of direct ray either or 1 2 10 columns denote the 1 column denotes the number of 1 order up to 9 order reflected rays 1 number of 1 order diffracted rays 12 column deno
10. total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from the 1 order diffracted rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of reflected diffracted rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from the reflected diffracted rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of diffracted reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from the diffracted reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of all diffraction related rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from the 1 order diffracted rays reflected diffracted rays and diffracted reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of all simulated rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from all rays considered at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of direct ray power sum Output format of the file refers to direct txt Power of all 1 order reflected rays power sum There are N x 1 element
11. 4 1 l 9 Y dQ J if 0 0 1 4 dB sb 21 54 L 0 10 2 2 D 3 0 JO 0 1 4 b vet n L 0 10 l 5 2 D 5 0 J 0 4 0 0 54 L 0 10 25 D 3 D 0 4 eo m i n L 0 10 i 5 2 l 3 D 0 4 1 0 1 5 0 00 0 10 5 D i 0 0 2 D 0 1 n 0 f 4 i 0 0 J b I n z 025 7 3 D 24 0 J 3 D 0 0 1 70 0 20 0 28 i 2 OQ J 0 3 D o 2 nl Deel ees 9 Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 VII An Example of Simulation As an example the path loss characteristics of the radio wave propagation within a straight corridor is predicted by the model The input database files for this simulation are enclosed Configuration of the simulation is shown in Fig 4 In this case up to g order reflections are considered when predicting the path loss characteristics and no diffraction is considered because of no edges are implemented in the database file Please enter the directory for input database E RAYT RACES Please enter the directory for output files E RAYT RACE OUT PUT he operating frequency 1HHH MHz of large facets 4 of small facets of edges amp choose the TYPE SIMULATION C CH Narrow Band Ci Wide Band choose the TYPE SCENARIO 8S Microcell 1 gt Picocell enter the order REFLECTION considered 8 enter the order DI
12. FFRACTION considered uH enter the urder REF DIF considered enter the order D F REF considered Fig 4 Configuration of the simulation After the simulation data in the files e raytrace output e_direct txt e raytrace output e_total txt and e raytrace output distance can be easily extracted using software EXCEL or MATLAB The simulated received field strength is plotted in Fig 5 against the transmitter receiver separation Chen 7 has developed a prediction model based on ray launching method and investigated the wave behaviour in such case His simulation result is plotted in Fig 6 for comparison with the simulation from our ray tracing model Good agreements of the predicted path loss are observed The difference in magnitude is due to different antennas gain used for simulations Nevertheless it is found that the results of two simulations are compared very well after normalisation of path loss in performed Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 40 45 Direct ray strength 4 Total signal strength BB 60 65 Received povver dB 70 75 80 85 l l l l 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Tx Rx distance m Fig 5 Simulation result for the corridor scenario 1 1 i se E fine of sight xol
13. ase The received power from direct ray with 1 2 order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of direct ray up to 3 order reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from direct ray with 1 3 order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of direct ray up to 4 order reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from direct ray with 1 4 order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of direct ray up to 5 order reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from direct ray with 17 5f order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of direct ray up to 6 order reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from direct ray with 17 6 order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of direct ray up to 78 order reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N repr
14. e Hall Inc 1996 S H Chen and S K Jeng An SBR Image Approach for Indoor Radio Propagation in a Corridor IEICE Transactions on Electronics Vol E78 C No 8 pp 1058 1062 August 1995 Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool
15. esenting the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from direct ray with 1 7 order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of direct ray up to 8 order reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from direct ray with 1 8 order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 E tot ref9 txt E_ref txt E_ difl txt E rd txt E dr txt E dif txt E_total txt E_pow_direct txt E_pow_ref1 txt unit dB Power of direct ray up to 9 order reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from direct ray with 1 9 order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of all simulated reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from all reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of all 1 order diffracted rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the
16. ia that t fi x The direction of should be such that t points towards the o face as shown in the figure Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microvvave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 o 2 n z Fig 2 Definition of an edge Format of the file 1 row HEdge number iEdge Coll iEdge Number Total number of edges in the file iEdge_Col Total elements for an edge description fixed at 21 204 row and onwards Description of each edge in the file W 3 elements W 3 elements fi 3 elements 3 elements n parameters of o face 4 elements parameters of n face 4 elements Note Parameters of o face n face Type of facet o Thickness VI An Example of Database Description Example To model a T shape corridor environment The top view of the scenario is shown in Fig 3 Each concrete wall is 4 m high with 5 0 0 02 s m and d 0 10 m Each window is 2 m high located at 1 m height above the floor level with 4 0 o s m and d 0 005 m Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual Assume July 2002 VYndovv 4 5 2 3 x gt Tx Rx E 1 X Fig 3 Simulation scenario Tx position 1 1 31 Rx initial position 13 1 2 Rou
17. n point and last 3 elements for the first reflection point unit metre i f Intersection point locations of 47 order reflected ray The format is similar to Ref_1 txt with 12 columns in each row f h Intersection point locations of 5 order reflected ray The format is similar to Ref_1 txt with 15 columns in each row h Intersection point locations of 6 order reflected ray The format is similar to Ref_1 txt with 18 columns in each row h Intersection point locations of 7 order reflected ray The format is similar to Ref_1 txt with 21 columns in each row f h Intersection point locations of 8 order reflected ray The format is similar to Ref_1 txt with 24 columns in each row 1 f h Intersection point locations of 9 order reflected ray The format is similar to Ref_1 txt with 27 columns in each row Intersection point locations of 1 order diffracted ray When only one location of Rx is specified in the database all intersection point locations of 17 order diffraction are listed in the file There are N x 3 elements in this file where N denotes the total number of 1 order diffracted Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 Rd txt Dr txt E_number txt Disatance txt E_reference txt E direct txt E_tot_ref1 txt rays In each row there are 3 columns representing the diffraction
18. o the inherent string process in VC software Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 2 Please enter the directory for output files Here is to enter the directory on disk where the output files will be It should be noted that the directory in which the output files are expected to saved must be created before executing the program For example if the user wants to put output files in the directory c raytrace output then this directory must be created before executing the program and c raytrace output should be input at the prompts 3 Please enter the TYPE OF SIMULATION 0 Narrow Band 1 Wide Band Narrow band The program computes the Path loss only at each point Wide band The program computes both Path loss and time dispersion parameters If 0 is selected received signal strength in decibels at each Rx point is saved in the corresponding output files If 1 is selected received signal strength mean excess delay and RMS delay spread at each Rx point is saved in the corresponding output files When VVide Band option is selected another two options will appear later on to specify some parameters for wide band simulation These options are Please enter the RECEIVER TIME RESOLUTION ns If the simulated transmitter has finite bandwidth this parameter is to charac terise its limi
19. properties of wideband multipath channels are most commonly quantified by their mean excess delay 7 and RMS delay spread 7 The mean excess delay is the first moment of the power delay profile and is defined as XP ra Sarr k 2203 8 k k T The RMS delay spread is the square root of the second central moment of the power delay profile and is defined to be where Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 D A McNamara C W I Pistorius and J A G Malherbe Introduction to The Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction London Artech House 1990 M F Catedra Cell Planning for Wireless Communications Boston Artech House Publishers 1999 S Naruniranat A Three dimensional Image Ray Tracing Method for Indoor Wireless Channel Characterisation Ph D thesis University of Liverpool 2000 J Zhang and Y Huang Indoor Channel Characteristics Comparisons for The Same Building With Different Dielectric Parameters IEEE 2002 International Conference on Communications NY USA April 2002 H Hashemi Impulse Response Modelling of Indoor Radio Propagation Channels IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications Vol 11 No 7 pp 967 978 September 1993 T S Rappaport Wireless Communications Principles amp Practice Prentic
20. s in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from all 1 order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 E_pow_ref2 txt E_pow_ref3 txt E_pow_ref4 txt E_pow_ref5 txt E_pow_ref6 txt E_pow_ref7 txt E_pow_ref8 txt E_pow_ref9 txt E_pow_dif1 txt E_pow_rd txt E_pow_dr txt E_pow_total txt RMS_delay_spread0 txt mean delay spread 7 and RMS delay spread T m RMS delay spread1 txt mean delay spread 7 and RMS delay spread 7 Pow_delay txt Power of all 2 4 order reflected rays power sum Format of the file refers to ref1 txt Power of all 3 order reflected rays power sum Format of the file refers to e_pow_ref1 txt Power of all 4 order reflected rays power sum Format of the file refers to e_pow_ref1 txt Power of all 5 order reflected rays power sum Format of the file refers to e_pow_ref1 txt Power of all 6 order reflected rays power sum Format of the file refers to e_pow_ref1 txt Power of all 7 order reflected rays power sum Format of the file refers to e_pow_ref1 txt Power of all 8 order reflected rays power sum Format of the file refers to e_pow_ref1 txt Power of all 9
21. se windows and doors are classified as small facets while walls floors and ceilings are classified as large facets The small facets are physically attached on the large facets Format of the file 1 row iSfacet_number iSfacet Coll iSfacet Number Total number of small facets in the file iSfacet Col Total elements for a small facet description fixed at 14 274 row and onwards Description of each small facet in the file W 3 elements U 3 elements V 3 elements 2 o unit s m Thickness unit m Type of facet Facet No Note 1 Definition of the type of small facets is the same as for the large facets 2 Facet No is the No of large facet on which the small facet is attached 3 Edge dat Fig 2 shows the definition of an edge Each edge in 3D space is defined by a straight line segment with its starting point and end point W Information of the two facets called o face and n face forming the edge is also described in this input data file The angle formed by these two facets is which is related to a parameter n as o 2 Nn z For example if the angle formed by two perpendicular walls is 90 then n 1 5 The designation of which facet should be called the o face and which the n face is arbitrary However definitions of the unit vector tangential to the edge the normal unit vector of the o face m and the unit vector tangential to the o face t should meet the criter
22. te of Rx along x direction up to x 9 m in 0 1 m each step Tx and Rx antenna A 2 dipole antennas Tx and Rx orientation steered in z direction Operating frequency 1 8 GHz Input power to Tx 1 vv Description of the large facets small facets and edges are shown below 1 i 1 1600 2 5 11 0 n 2 d 5d Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool a fC Of cc K Liacet dat a co toh te os ks I a a fc K cc fe a K Oo cc fe a fc Of co Ee eS EE b I Cc fe a fc Of co fe 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 co PS PL FP KEZ Eri xi Ex F s Rt Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 Stacet dat 3 14 2 1 5 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 005 2 1 j 1 2 4 0 0 0 005 2 4 5 2 1 0 2 2 4 0 0 0 005 2 5 Edge dat 2 Hal ae sd 0 10 0 0 1 Lo 2 lle 0 10 2 h m 0 10 Sook 1 1 0 0 ih l Tea 52 4 0 0 00 0 005 2 h 0 02 0 10 If both floor and ceiling are considered four more facets are included in the Lfacet dat file Assuming the floor and ceiling are single layer dielectric slabs with constitutive parameters 7 0 o 0 2 s m and d 0 25 m and are backed by metal plates the new file is then modified as below In this case the other two files are not modified Ltacet dat 1 1 1 d 1 61 l 1 1800
23. ted bandwidth effect For example if the transmitter bandwidth 15 200 MHz then 5 ns is input as its time resolution 5 Please enter the THRESHOLD dB When computing the time dispersion parameters a threshold 15 required to specify the distinguishable multipath energy which is within a particular value of dBs below the maximum energy that is received 6 30 dB is a typical value as input which indicates that those multiple energies within 30 dB below the maximum strength of the received ray are included in the calculation of time dispersion parameters Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 4 Please enter the TYPE OF SCENARIO 0 Microcell 1 Picocell Microcell In this case any facet in the environment is assumed as infinitely thick material with zero transmission coefficient Thickness value specified in the database is not used in the calculation of material s reflection coefficient Picocell Tn this case any facet in the environment is assumed as finite thick material with its thickness specified in the database Calculation of material s reflection and transmission coefficients are dependent on its thickness If 0 is selected each facet in the database is assumed without transmittivity 1 e the transmission coefficient of each facet is zero This corresponds to outdoor microcellular channel simulation if
24. tes the number of reflected diffracted rays 132 column denotes the number of diffracted reflected rays Tx Rx separation in 3D space There are N x 1 elements in the file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database Tx Rx separation at each Rx location is given in each row unit metre Power at reference point 1m away from Tx There is 1 element in this file The received power value at reference point is given unit dB Power of direct ray vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from direct ray at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of direct ray with 1 order reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 E_tot_ref2 txt E_tot_ref3 txt E_tot_ref4 txt E_tot_ref5 txt E_tot_ref6 txt E_tot_ref7 txt E_tot_ref8 txt of Rx locations specified in the database The received power from direct ray with 1 order reflected rays at each Rx location is given in each row unit dB Power of direct ray up to 2 order reflected rays vector sum There are N x 1 elements in this file with N representing the total number of Rx locations specified in the datab
25. x Type iRx Type iTx Orient Orient dPovver S tow Frequency of simulation unit MHz Antenna type of Tx value 1 isotropic antenna value 2 2 2 dipole antenna Antenna type of Rx value 1 isotropic antenna value 2 2 2 dipole antenna Orientation of Tx value 1 steered at z direction value 2 steered at x direction value 3 steered at y direction Orientation of Rx value 1 steered at z direction value 2 steered at x direction value 3 steered at y direction Input power to the Tx unit w HLfacet Number iLfacet Coll iLfacet Number Total number of large facets in the file iLfacet Col Total elements for a large facet description fixed at 17 6 row and onwards Description of each large facet in the file W 3 elements U 3 elements V 3 elements R 3 elements o unit s m Thickness unit m Type of facet Facet No Type of facet value 0 same medium as in which radio propagates value 1 half infinite medium value 2 single layer medium value 3 single layer medium backed by metal plate value 4 metal plate Copyright Jietao Zhang amp Dr Huang s RF Microwave Engineering Group at Liverpool Ray tracing Programme User s Manual duly 2002 2 Sfacet dat Each small facet in 3D space is defined in the same way as for the large facets In the databa
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