SAS PRACTICAL USER'S GUIDE
Contents
1. INFILE IN options refer to Language Guide for more on options INPU T statement other SAS statements 14 EXAMPLE 7 Reading data from an uncataloged external flat file on a standard label 9 track tape jobname JOB box time lines comment USER logon id TAMU HOLDOUT NOTIFY PRTY 4 STEP EXEC SAS IN DD DISP SHR UNIT TAPE9 DSN filel VOL SER TAPEX LABEL n SL IN ALA FOR CARTRIDGES UNIT TAPEC SYSIN DD r DATA ONE INFILE IN options INPUT statement OTHER SAS statements APPENDIX C Some More Complicated Examples 15 The command PROC PRINT will give you a printout of your data For example the following SAS job DATA EXAMPLE INPUT CASE PROD WIDTH DENS STR IDS CARDS 1 763 19 8 128 86 A 2 650 20 9 110 72 B 3594 15 1 95 62 4 742 19 8 123 82 D 5 470 21 4 77 52 E 6 691 19 5 TOT 2 8 7 756 25 2 123 84 G 9 681 26 8 116 76 I 10 579 28 8 100 64 J 11 716 22 0 110 80 K 12 650 24 2 107 71 L 13 761 24 9 125 81 M 14 549 25 6 89 61 N 15 641 24 7 103 71 O 16 606 26 2 103 67 P 17 696 21 0 110 77 R 18 795 29 4 133 83 S 19 582 21 6 96 65 T 20 559 20 0 91 62 U PROC PRINT would result in the following output OBS CASE T 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 9 LO LO L1 11 12 12 13 L3 14 14 15 15 16 16 L7 17 18 18 19 19 20 PROD WIDTH 763 19 8 650 2043 5542. STEP EXEC SAS SYSIN DD T FILENAME OUT ABC1234 NEWFILE DISP NEW CATLG DELETE UNIT DISK SPACE TRK 10 5 RLSE LRECL 1 RECFM FB BLKSIZE b 1 DATA ONE INFILE ABC1234 RAWDATA INPUT statement other SAS statements FILE OUT P UT statement EXAMPLE 5 Reading data from a cataloged external flat file ASCII and creating a cataloged SAS dataset jobn TAM on disk ame JOB box time lines comment USER logon id U HOLDOUT NOTIFY PRTY 4 STEP EXEC SAS SYSIN DD T LIBNAME OUT ABC1234 NEWFILE DISP NEW CATLG DELETE UNIT DISK SPACE TRK 10 5 RLSE r DATA O UT NEWFILE F INFILE ABC1234 RAWDATA INPU T statement other SAS statements EXAMPL E 6 Reading data from an uncataloged external flat file on a non labeled tape jobname JOB box time lines comment USER logon id TAMU HOLDOUT NOTIFY PRTY 4 STEP EXEC SAS IN DD DISP SHR UNIT TAPE9 VOL SER TAPE LABE DCB RECFM FB n NL IN RECL 1 BLKSIZE b note code the right DCB parameters n is the file number to be read note 1 and b MUST be integers and B must be less than 32760 SYSIN DD r DATA ONE
3. for the VM CMS Operating System Chapter 8 Sample SAS Log At the Ready T 0 01 0 01 12 33 45 prompt type PRODUCTS ADD SAS When the Ready T 0 07 0 08 12 34 00 prompt is returned the following program can be created by typing X SAMPLE SAS A Once this empty file is created enter the following information in it DATA SAMPLE CMS FILEDEF RAWIN DISK INPUTF DATA A INFILE RAWIN INPUT X Y SUM X Y CMS FILEDEF FT12F001 TERM PROC PRINT When your entry of the above information is complete type at the command line FILE and when the Ready T 0 01 0 02 12 34 05 prompt is returned type SAS SAMPLE When the Ready T 0 01 0 02 12 34 05 prompt is returned type FILEL In your listing of files the following should appear along with other files that might be there SAMPLE SASLOG SAMPLE LISTING SAMPLE SAS 20 SAMPLE SAS is the original file you created SAMPLE SASLOG contains a listing of the procedures you executed and any information SAS might provide about the execution of those procedures SAMPLE LISTING includes the results of the PROC statements including statistical analyses etc Using our example from above the Sas LISTING would be SAS OBS X y SUM 1 0 33 AS 158
4. the file named DATA DATA SAMPLE INFILE INPUTF DATA INPUT X Y SUM X Y PROC PRINT Creating a SAS dataset 19 SAS data sets can be created only by sas DATA steps and SAS PROCEDURES These data sets can only be analyzed using SAS statements Creating a SAS dataset does not require the user to issue FILEDEF statements Using the example above we wish to create a SAS data set This is done by using a two part name in the DATA statement In the example below the statement DATA NEW NUMBERS defines NEw as the first level name and NUMBERS as the SAS internal name This name 1s placed in the SAS dataset library for later reference The CMS filename is NUMBERS NEW A notice that the order of names in the DATA statement is reversed DATA NEW NUMBERS INFILE INPUTF DATA INPUT X Y SUM X Y PROC PRINT DATA NEW NUMBERS Accessing a SAS dataset This is how you access the saved SAS dataset system file DATA NEW2 SET NEW NUMBERS PROC PRINT DATA NEW2 or PROC PRINT DATA NEW NUMBERS Running a SAS program To run a SAS program enter the command SAS filename options Example SAS SAMPLE options where options controls such things as certain data set attributes SAS output features the efficiency of program execution etc For a listing of these options refer to the SAS Companion
5. 1 O0NOoJm H O WNHNNFNWNBN WN DD The format and content of output can be controlled in more detail with other statements Consult the SAS Procedures Guide cited in the reference section for more information PROC FREQ Often a summary of the data is desired frequency tables are one way in SAS to accomplish this The format for the frequency table is PROC FREQ TABLES variables Follow tables with the variable you wish to summarize The output will contain the frequency of all the different values for that variable Using the example data set you may want to know the frequency of males and females You would get this with the following statements PROC FREQ TABLES SEX And get these results The SAS System CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE SEX _ FREQUENCY PERCENT FREQUENCY _ PERCENT F 7 531 8 E 93 28 M 6 46 2 13 100 0 There may also be times when you want to break the variables down even further For example by age and sex This is called crosstabulation and it gives you a two dimensional table like this The SAS System TABLE OF AGE BY SEX AGE SEX FREQUENCY PERCENT ROW PCT COL PCT E M TOTAL 18 1 0 1 7 69 0 00 7 69 100 00 0 00 14 29 0 00 19 4 1 5 30 77 7 69 38 46 80 00 20 00 57 14 16 67 20 0 2 2 0 00 15 38 15 38 0 00 100 00 0 00 33 33 21 1 1 2 7 69 7 69 15 38 50 00 50 00 14 29 16 67 22 1 2 3 7 69 15 38 23 08 33 33 66 67 14 2
6. 1574 742 19 8 470 21 4 65 19 5 756 2052 68 26 8 579 28 8 716 2230 650 24 2 761 24 9 549 25 46 641 24 7 606 26 2 696 21 0 795 29 4 582 21 6 599 20 0 DENS H iw GHYUDVOZEARGHOAAVAW DS Proc corr is the one way to show the correlation between variables For example PROC CORR VAR PROD WIDTH DENS STR results in following output VARIABLE N PROD 19 WIDTH 19 DENS 19 STR 19 MEAN 684 995 684 000 SIMPLE STATISTICS STD DEV 89 3a 14 9 719 628 678 452 SUM 2401 436 2046 1368 MINIMUM 0 1 0 0 MAXIMUM 19d 0 29 4 133 0 86 0 16 PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROB gt R UNDER HO RHO 0 N 19 PROD WIDTH DENS STR PROD 1 00000 0 21452 0 97754 0 98952 0 00000 0 37780 0 00010 0 00010 WIDTH 0 21452 1 00000 0 24577 0 14777 0 37780 0 00000 0 31050 0 54600 DENS 0 97754 0 24577 1 00000 0 96268 0 00010 0 31050 0 00000 0 00010 STR 0 98952 0 14777 0 96268 1 00000 0 00010 0 54600 0 00010 0 00000 The regression REG procedure fits linear regression models using the least squares procedure for example the statements PROC REG MODEL PROD WIDTH DENS STR P R XPX I VIF COLLINOINT INFLUENCE PARTIAL OUTPUT OUT NEW results in the following output MODEL CROSSPRODUCTS X X X Y Y Y KK INTERCEP WIDTH DENS STR PROD INTERCEP 19 0 436 9 2046 0 1368 0 12401 0 WIDTH 436 9 10283 2 47282 8 31548 0 286414 5 DENS 2046 0 47282 8 2
7. 18 3 8 NICKS F 19 2 9 OLAJUWON M 22 1 8 PEBBLES F 22 2 4 RAINES F 21 2 8 SMITH M 20 2 7 TAYLOR F 19 3 4 PART 4 PROCEDURES PROC PRINT A typical SAS program like the example above consists of four major sections e Job control language JCL These commands tell the computer who is using it and what program is being executed in this case SAS The commands listed here are those for running SAS on the MVS WYLBUR system which is most widely used at Texas A amp M A listing of other MVS system commands commonly used to run SAS are found in Appendix B To run SAS on other operating systems the user should consult the Help Manual for that particular system e Data step This is usually where the user first begins inputting SAS statements In this section the data variable names are defined and the data is assigned to each variable Any data conversions that may need to be done are carried out in this step Data input and manipulation are discussed in Chapter 2 You may have noticed that all of the statements in this section end with a semicolon this is a requirement for ALL SAS statements found in the Data step e The data The third section of our example is the data that the user wants to analyze If the user is keying the data in as in the example it should appear at this point in the program As you will learn later it will not appear here if the data is in a separate file Note that only one semicolon appears in t
8. 24200 0 149716 0 1358564 0 STR 1368 0 31548 0 149716 0 100104 0 907976 0 PROD 12401 0 286414 5 1358564 0 907976 0 8238829 0 X X INVERSE PARAMETER ESTIMATES AND SSE INTERCEP WIDTH DENS STR PROD INTERCEP 5 0886 0 0959 0 0334 0 0892 42 2676 WIDTH 0 0959 0 0051 0 0018 0 0024 0 9862 DENS 0 0334 0 0018 0 0041 0 0061 1 7382 STR 0 0892 0 0024 0 0061 0 0096 6 7386 PROD 42 2676 0 9826 1 7382 6 7386 1999 8198 Variable PROD ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMS OF MEAN SOURCE DF SQUARES SQUARE F VALUE PROB gt F MODEL 3 143293 22543 47764 40848 448 105 0 0001 ERROR 15 1598 387983 106 59199 C TOTAL 18 144892 10526 ROOT MSE 10 32434 R SQUARE 0 9890 DEP MEAN 652 68421 ADJ R SQ 0 9868 Cie 1 58183 PARAMETER ESTIMATES PARAMETER STANDARD T FOR HO VARIANCE VARIABLE DF ESTIMATE ERROR PARAMETER 0 PROB gt T INFLATION INTERCEP 1 42 26760 23 2893832 1 815 0 0896 0 0000000 WIDTH 1 0 98246 0 7354680 1336 0 2015 1 2021227 DENS 1 1 73821 0 6642529 2 617 0 0194 16 0532136 STR 1 6 73863 LOT OsLS 6 665 0 0001 15 4202328 COLLINEARITY DIAGNOSTICS INTERCEPT ADJUSTED CONDITION VAR PROP VAR PROP VAR PROP NUMBER EIGENVALUE INDEX WIDTH DENS STR 1 2 03749 1 00000 0 0275 0 0145 0 0146 2 0 93036 1 47986 0 8289 0 0011 0 0039 3 0 03214 7 96154 0 1436 0 9843 0 9815 17 The factor procedure performs several types of common factor and component analysis You can compute scoring coefficients by the regression method and you can write estimated factor scores to an out
9. 9 33 33 TOTAL 7 6 13 53 85 46 15 100 00 The only change in the statement is to add the next variable and separate it from the first by a asterisk For the above table the statement would be PROC FREQ TABLES AGE SEX To do a 3 way crosstabulated frequency table we could do the following PROC FREQ TABLES STATUS SEX AGE And the output TABLE 1 OF SEX BY AGE CONTROLLING FOR STATUS 1 SEX AGE FREQUENCY PERCENT ROW PCT COL PCT 18 19 20 21 22 TOTAL F 1 1 0 0 0 2 25 00 25 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 0 100 0 0 00 0 00 M 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 25 00 25 00 50 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 50 00 50 00 o oo 0 00 100 0 100 0 TOTAL 1 1 0 1 1 4 25 00 25 00 0 00 25 00 25 00 100 00 CONTROLLING FOR STATUS 2 TABLE 2 OF SEX BY AGE SEX AGE FREQUENCY PERCENT ROW PCT COL PCT 18 19 20 21 22 TOTAL F 0 3 0 1 1 5 0 00 37 50 0 00 12 50 12 50 62 50 0 00 60 00 0 00 20 00 20 00 75 00 0 00 100 0 100 0 M 0 1 2 0 0 3 0 00 12 50 25 00 0 00 0 00 37 50 0 00 33 33 66 67 0 00 0 00 25 00 100 0 0 00 0 00 TOTAL 0 4 2 1 1 8 0 00 50 00 25 00 12 50 12 50 100 00 TABLE 3 OF SEX BY AGE CONTROLLING FOR STATUS 3 SEX AGE FREQUENCY PERCENT ROW PCT COL PCT 18 19 20 21 22 T
10. OTAL F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 i 2 sl 0 00 M 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 100 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 100 00 TOTAL 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 100 00 The first variable in the TABLES statement STATUS is divided into the three tables above The second variable SEX is used as the rows in each table The third variable AGE is used as the columns in each table SUMMARY PROC PRINT and PROC FREQ are just two of the many procedures available in SAS There are also many options which can be added to these procedures for more detailed analysis The SAS manuals listed in the Reference section give detailed descriptions of many of the procedures and utilities available on the SAS system REFERENCES SAS Language Reference Version 6 First Edition 1990 SAS Institute Inc Cary NC SAS Procedures Guide Version 6 Third Edition 1990 SAS Institute Inc Cary NC SAS Language and Procedures Usage Version 6 First Edition 1989 SAS Institute Inc Cary NC SAS STAT User s Guide Volume 1 and 2 Version 6 Fourth Edition 1990 SAS Institute Inc Cary NC 10 APPENDIX A A List of Frequently Used SAS Procedures SAS PROCEDURES FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PROC ANOVA Performs analysis of variance for balanced data PROC CORR Computes correlation coefficients between variables PROC FREQ Produces one way and n way frequenc
11. S are saved in SAMPLE LISTING A NOTE that each time SAS is executed non interactively the Loc and the LISTING files are replaced with a new copy To avoid this replacement see the SAS Companion for the VM CMS Operating System Chapter 8 Creating a SAS program To create a SAS source program use the XEDIT command If you wish to create a SAS source program file named sampPLe the filetype must be sas For example the statement xedit SAMPLE SAS will create an empty file for you You can then type your source program into the empty file For information about using the XEDIT editor for creating SAS programs see the VM User s Guide Accessing the SAS minidisk Before you begin execution of SAS you must first link to the SAS minidisk The command for this is PRODUCTS ADD SAS Using the CARDS statement to indicate data Input of embedded data in a program requires a CARDS statement data will be in stream with the program and cannot be more than 80 characters long For example DATA SAMPLE INPUT X Y SUM X Y CARDS 033 1 25 r PROC PRINT Reading an external file in SAS FILEDEF statements are used to indicate external input or output files See the VM User s Guide for more information regarding FILEDEF statements INFILE statements in SAS must accompany a FILEDEF statement If the program name is SAMPLE SAS A output from PROCS are stored in a file named SAMPLE LISTING A In this example the data is stored in
12. SAS PRACTICAL USER S GUIDE Partial Spline Interpolation Using 38 Sample Points ON 8 42 jet y A ave O PRN O Wa ay TRY Da NS USES SA mm EII N Pi A 1 67 This guide was developed by Samia Massoud Ph D Padmanabh M Padaki Charlie Apter Graduate Assistant Derya Guven Graduate Assistant 1993 Computing Services Center TABLE OF CONTENTS A O a rasan asaetearsasiss daunted eg eaten ene 1 a A E A 1 Whatis SAS usina cidad ada da aina iaaii 1 ASAS JOB osne asa shasta ee a e wi a sta sere stan ees eases 1 POULIN ALY kereken anoen e e rr usps aa e ess e n a e iS 2 How to Input Data into a SAS Progr aM ooooocccccnnnooooonnnnnnnccnnnnnnnonnnnnnnncnnnnnnn non nnnnnnnnnn non nnnnnnnnn 2 Data ros 2s 0 0 Se rc a ete A eRe ent AE A E erate nn ATR re ee 2 Input Statement ci oda it dadas 3 SN O 3 ong INPUT Statements cintia 3 Cards Statements en e e a aa eos tuts naa tet ad AE a aca EEA au aaas EEOAE TENS 3 Infile Statement union rinda 3 ist Statement onm sere a o a a aa sn a e a a a dais 4 D ta M arnt AAA A A Eae rE a aoa 4 TE Statenients ais o A A ee ee 4 Creating New Variables siii aida din rd ieia ica aira Kid raci n tadas sici n bas 5 o Vase as cs CB rea eats as esa wa ees as ce eee ge see oe ode anes aad ede ea 5 SAS EPOCOUTES RA AA ATA AAA 5 A a eg ta et ea A a A nee ot Aas ae ee a ta 6 Proe Fre Ga vcs A cs eRe AR os Wes AS Raita nena T 7 SUMMA vidas ao aed Gas Gana RRO GO tas edad ae Gao ad
13. circumstances you will want a printout of your data This is done with the PRINT procedure The data is printed in columns labeled with their name i e columns are labelled with the variable name For example the following SAS job DATA EXAMPLE INPUT NAME 1 15 SEX 16 AGE 18 19 GPR 21 23 CARDS ADAMS M 20 2 6 BAKER F 19 3 2 DOUGLAS M 19 2 8 HALE M 21 4 0 JONES F 19 2 5 LARUE F 18 3 8 NICKS F 19 2 9 OLAJUWON M 22 1 8 PEBBLES F 22 2 4 RAINES F 21 2 8 SMITH M 20 2 7 TAYLOR F 19 3 4 r PROC PRINT would result in the following output The SAS System OBS NAME SEX AGE GPR l ADAMS M 20 246 2 BAKER F 19 3 2 3 DOUGLAS M 19 Ans 4 HALE M 24 4 0 5 JONES F 19 ame 6 LARUE F 18 348 7 NICKS F 19 279 8 OLAJUWON M 22 1 8 9 PEBBLES F 22 2 4 10 RAINES F 24 2 8 11 SMITH M 20 Za 12 TAYLOR F 19 3 4 If you want the variables in a certain order and or only some of the variables printed you would use the variable statement This is done by following the PROC PRINT statement with var for variable and the names of the variables in the order desired In the example above if you only wanted the NAME and CPR the following would be used PROC PRINT VAR NAME GPR T The resulting output would be The SAS System O wW 03004 0NRA W un NAME ADAMS BAKER DOUGLAS HALE JONES LARUE NICKS OLAJUWON PEBBLES RAINES 11 SMITH 12 TAYLOR FU Hs JJ 00 H gt 0010 000
14. ement allow one to convert data into another form The next two sections explain IF statements and creation of new variables e IF statements With the IF statement one can control what portion of the data is processed The form for the IF statement is IF condition THEN statement ELSE statement Using the data from the previous examples to only process data on females the following commands would be used DATA EXAMPLE INPUT NAME 1 15 SEX 16 AGE 18 19 GPR 21 23 IF SEX CARDS 5 In this example the THEN and ELSE were not necessary They are optional Since F is alphabetic it must appear in quotes If for example you only want to process students that are over 20 you would use the following DATA EXAMPLE INPUT NAME 1 15 SEX 16 AGE 18 19 GPR 21 23 IF AGE GE 21 CARDS You can also use AND s and OR s in your comparisons Such as DATA EXAMPLE INPUT NAME 1 15 SEX 16 AGE 18 19 GPR 21 23 IF AGE LT 20 OR AGE GT 20 CARDS This would eliminate all observations with an age of 20 e Creating new variables One may want to create new variables that do not appear in the input data set For example in the data set above one may wish to create a status variable that identifies students with high GPR s GT 3 2 or low GPR s LT 2 0 The variable status could be created such that it would have a
15. he Data at the very end of the section e Procedure PROC statements The final section contains SAS procedure statements that describe analyses to be performed Some of the many SAS statements that are available are discussed in the third section SAS Procedures Again every statement ends with a semicolon SUMMARY The following is a summary of the steps to follow using SAS 1 Collect the data and assemble it in a form the computer can read 2 Put together the SAS job 3 Submit the job to the computer and get the printed results HOW TO INPUT DATA INTO A SAS PROGRAM The first thing you need to do is get your data into a form that the computer can read This requires up to four different SAS statements e DATA e INPUT e INFILE e CARDS This section introduces these four statements and ties them together DATA The DATA statement is usually the first statement in a SAS job it begins with the word DATA and is followed by a name that you choose for the data set Data set names must begin with a letter and can be no more than 8 characters in length The form for the DATA statement is DATA dsname INPUT Each line of data in a SAS program can be an observation each value in this observation represents a variable and the INPUT statement is used to name these variables The INPUT statement follows the DATA statement For example to describe the following line of data ADAMS Me 20 2 66 you would begin with the word INPUT fol
16. led tape volume PROCEDURES FOR MANIPULATING VARIABLES WITHIN SAS DATA SETS PROC APPEND Adds the observations from one SAS data set to the end of another SAS data set PROC SORT Sorts observations in a SAS data set by one or more variables PROC TRANSPOSE Transposes a SAS data set changing observations into variables and vice versa PROCEDURES FOR MANIPULATING SAS OUTPUT PROC CALENDAR Displays data from a SAS data set in a month by month calendar format PROC CHART Produces bar charts block charts pie charts and star charts PROC FORMAT Used to define the output format for character and numeric values PROC PLOT Graphs one variable against another producing a printer plot PROC PRINT Prints the observations in a SAS data set using all or some of the variables PROC PRINTTO Used to define the destination for SAS procedure output PROC SUMMARY Computes descriptive statistics on numeric variables and outputs the results to a new SAS data set 11 PROC TABULATE Constructs tables of descriptive statistics from compositions of classifi cation variables analysis variables and statistics keywords 12 APPENDIX B Some Examples of Job Control Language JCL for Running SAS NOTE In the following examples a generic JOB card was used If for example your logon id account number or DPSR number is ABC1234 and you want to allow 14 seconds for CPU time and produce no more than 5000 lines of output which you would find i
17. lowed by the name of Ithe first variable which is NAME Since this variable is non numeric a dollar sign must be placed after it This is done only in the INPUT statement In all subsequent uses in the job the is omitted In this example the name ADAMS begins in column 1 and ends in column 5 However other names in the data set may be longer so room must be allocated for them 15 spaces would probably be enough Skip a space after the variable name and put the first and last column numbers separated by a dash Repeat this for each variable The INPUT statement for the above example would be INPUT NAME 1 15 SEX 16 AGE 18 19 GPR 21 23 Please note that it is not mandatory that column numbers be specified as long as one blank space is inserted between each variable value in an observation SAS will read them as separate values Some special situations involving the INPUT statement exist that one should be aware of They include e Skipping Data You may not want to use all the variables in a data set By omitting the variable name and the corresponding column numbers in the INPUT statement SAS will not include its values in any computations Be sure that the variables you DO want and their column numbers are included and appear correctly e Long INPUT Statements If you have an INPUT statement that exceeds the length of one line simply continue it on the next line be sure that variable names are not broken bet
18. n box 5A then your job card should read as follows jobname JOB 5A S14 5 MYNAME USER ABC1234 EXAMPLE 1 Data in the job stream jobname JOB box time lines comment USER logon id TAMU HOLDOUT NOTIFY PRTY 4 STEP EXEC SAS SYSIN DD r DATA ONE INPUT statement other SAS statements CARDS Insert data here Each line of data must be no more than 80 columns wide EXAMPLE 2 Reading data from a cataloged external flat file ASCII NOTE RAWDATA file should be in fixed block format jobname JOB box time lines comment USER 10gon id TAMU HOLDOUT NOTIFY PRTY 4 STEP EXEC SAS SYSIN DD e DATA ONE INFILE ABC1234 RAWDATA INPUT statement other SAS statements EXAMPLE 3 Reading data from a cataloged external SAS dataset jobname JOB box time lines comment USER logon id TAMU HOLDOUT NOTIFY PRTY 4 STEP EXEC SAS SYSIN DD r LIBNAME IN ABC1234 SASDATA DATA XYZ SET IN SASDATA other SAS statements 13 EXAMPLE 4 Reading data from a cataloged external flat file ASCII and creating another cataloged flat file on disk RAWDATA file should be in fixed block format BLKSIZE b lt 6356 should be a multiple of 1 lt 232 T jobname JOB box time lines comment USER logon id TAMU HOLDOUT NOTIFY PRTY 4
19. put data set PROC FACTOR SIMPLE CORR MINEIGEN 0 EV NFACTORS 3 OUT SCOR VAR WIDTH DENS STR E vu se The output resulting from these statements would be MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS FROM 19 OBSERVATIONS WIDTH DENS STR MEAN 22 9947368 107 684211 72 0000000 STD DEV 3 6277439 14 678225 9 4516312 CORRELATIONS WIDTH DENS STR WIDTH 1 00000 0 24577 0 14777 DENS 0 24577 1 00000 0 96268 STR 0 14777 0 96268 1 00000 PRIOR COMMUNALITY ESTIMATES ONE EIGENVALUES OF THE CORRELATION MATRIX TOTAL 3 AVERAGE 1 1 2 3 EIGENVALUE 2 0375 0 9304 0 0321 DIFFERENCE Ll LOFI 0 8982 PROPORTION 0 6792 0 3101 0 0107 CUMULATIVE 0 6792 0 9893 1 0000 3 FACTORS WILL BE RETAINED BY THE NFACTOR CRITERION EIGENVECTORS 1 2 3 WIDTH 0 25961 0 96284 0 07449 DENS 0 68919 0 13069 0 11209 STR 0 67647 0 23636 0 69751 FACTOR PATTERN FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3 WIDTH 0 37057 0 92871 0 01335 DENS 0 98376 0 12606 0 12778 STR 0 96560 0 22798 0 12505 18 APPENDIX D SAS on VM CMS SAS on VM CMS can be run in two modes interactive or non interactive This section describes the latter An advantage to running SAS on VM is that no job control language JCL is required it is required for SAS jobs run on Wylbur Three types of files If SAS statements are collected in a file named SAMPLE the program name must be SAMPLE SAS A Error messages and other notes generated by SAS will be stored in SAMPLE LOG A Output from the PROC
20. s 9 R ferent Si ineine ioeina beads rip 9 Appendix A A List of Frequently Used SAS Procedures occcoooccccnononoccnnnnnancnnnnnonnncnconanaccncnnns 10 SAS Procedures for Statistical Analysis 50 50ceveiacessseavessshegansasbeassvagnegnts saqvasueadeugavsdesseadeoaacouess 10 Procedures for Handling SAS Libraries and Data Sets ooooooocccnnnoocnccnnnonnnnnnnannncnnnnnonancnnnnnnnos 10 Procedures for Manipulating Variables within SAS Data Sets ooooooocccnnnoocccnnnnoncncncnnonancncnnnnnos 10 Procedures for Manipulating SAS Output eeeeseessnnececeeeeeeeeeeenaeeeeeeceeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeee 10 Appendix B Some Examples of Job Control Language JCL for Running SAS 12 Appendix C Some More Complicated ExampleS ooooocccnnnnccccnnnnoncncnonnonncnnonnnnncnnnonanoconconananannno 15 Appendix D SAS on Y MEM S ad 18 INTRODUCTION This handout covers the essentials of inputting data into the SAS system as well as some of the more commonly used basic SAS commands While SAS statements are independent of the computer system being used the initial part of this manual especially the parts regarding JCL is oriented to the WYLBUR user Appendices can be found in the bac the user must therefore obtain specific information about the operating system of their choice from other materials This handout was designed to provide the user with a very basic understanding of SAS and was not intended to exhaustively document the system Many manuals already exist
21. s done immediately following the DATA statement as shown in Appendix B The system commands JCL for reading external files into the WYLBUR system are listed in Appendix B LIST The LIST statement is an optional statement It goes after the INPUT statement The purpose of the LIST statement is to list each line of data as it is read in It is useful for editing and debugging It allows you to see if all the data you wanted was read in and if it was read correctly The LIST statement should appear in the form LIST DATA MANIPULATION Very often data is not in its desired form or calculations based on the data are desired SAS allows you to do this by using what are called program statements Available program statements include arithmetic operations IF statements comparison operators and others that are beyond the scope of this handout The tables below list the arithmetic and comparison operators available and their SAS equivalent Arithmetic Operators Comparison Operators sy Exponential lt LT Less than Multiplication lt LE Less than or equal Division gt GT Greater than Addition gt GE Greater than or equal Subtraction EQ Equal NE Not equal All program statements go after the INPUT statement but before the CARDS statement if there is one Using these operators allows you to create new variables and with the 1F stat
22. that document the many features available in SAS some of these are listed in the reference section The first section of this manual gives a brief overview of the SAS system and defines some of the terms and concepts used throughout the handout The second section discusses how to get data into the system for processing and how to manipulate this inputted data to produce a desired form The final section explains several of the more important procedure statements and their uses Appendix A lists many of the procedures statements Appendix B includes examples of JCL for running a variety of SAS jobs and Appendix C contains a few more complicated examples SAS SYSTEM OVERVIEW WHAT IS SAS SAS is a software system for data analysis This means that SAS is a computer program that takes data provided by the user and statistically analyzes it checking for errors performing chosen procedures and printing the results as requested by the user A SAS JOB A SAS job divided into 4 sections as shown below is a set of SAS statements assembled to perform data analysis and produce desired output PART 1 JCL JOBNAME JOB box time lines comment USER logon id STEP EXEC SAS SYSIN DD PART 2 DATA STEP DATA EXAMPLE INPUT NAME 1 15 SEX 16 AGE 18 19 GPR 21 23 LIST CARDS PART 3 DATA ADAMS M 20 2 6 BAKER F 19 3 2 DOUGLAS M 19 2 8 HALE M 21 4 0 JONES F 19 2 5 LARUE F
23. value of 1 for high GPR s 3 for low GPR s and 2 for all other GPR s as below DATA EXAMPLE INPUT NAME 1 15 SEX 16 AGE 18 19 GPR 21 23 IF GPR GT 3 2 THEN STATUS 1 IF GPR LT 2 0 THEN STATUS 3 IF GPR GE 2 0 AND GPR LE 3 2 THEN STATUS 2 CARDS SUMMARY Some important things to remember are to input data into SAS a DATA statement must be used followed by an INFILE statement or by INPUT and CARDS statements Data manipulation is only limited by your imagination as long as you use the available program statements and follow their format This section contained only a couple of examples Check available manuals if you are interested in others SAS PROCEDURES Procedure statements PROCS are used to analyze summarize etc the data once it has been added to a SAS job Many PROC statements exist in SAS All begin with proc followed by the procedure to be performed Only a few of the many PRoc statements will be introduced in this section a description of several other procedures can be found in Appendix A Each Proc statement executes some operation on the data and prints the results They begin immediately following the lines of data if using the CARDS statement or following the INPUT statement if using an INFILE statement This handout discusses the use of PROC PRINT and PROC FREQ frequency two of the more commonly used statements 6 PROC PRINT Under most
24. ween lines and that a semicolon only appears at the END of the statement For example INPUT NAME 1 15 SEX 16 AGE 18 19 GPR 21 23 CARDS When data is entered as an internal part of a SAS program the CARDS statement immediately precedes the data lines It is simply entered as CARDS and tells the SAS system that the data follows Note that when a CARDS statement is used the line length cannot exceed 80 columns characters INFILE Data may also be imported from a disk or tape into your SAS program In this case both the computer operating system and SAS must know where the data is to be found An INFILE statement is used to accomplish this The INFILE statement goes before the INPUT statement It consists of INFILE followed by the file reference name This identifies the name of the file to be used For example if you are using a file called STUDENTS the statement would be INFILE STUDENTS Please note that the CARDS and INFILE statements are not used together Using our example from before but with an INFILE statement it looks like this DATA EXAMPLE INFILE ABC1234 STUDENTS INPUT NAME 1 15 SEX 16 AGE 18 19 GPR 21 23 SAS statements Indenting the INFILE and INPUT statements is not necessary It does help however when reading the program When using the INFILE statement you must tell the computer s operating system where the data can be located This i
25. y and crosstabulation tables PROC GLM Uses the method of least squares to form general linear models Can be used for regression analysis of variance analysis of covariance multivariate ANOVA and partial correlation PROC MEANS Produces simple univariate descriptive statistics for numeric variables PROC NLIN Produces least squares or weighted least squares estimates of the parameters of a nonlinear model PROC REG Fits least squares estimates to linear regression models PROC UNIVARIATE Produces simple descriptive statistics for numeric variables PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING SAS LIBRARIES AND DATA SETS PROC CONTENTS Prints descriptions of the contents of one or more files from a SAS library PROC CONVERT Converts BMDP DATA TEXT OSIRIS and SPSS files to SAS data sets PROC COPY Copies an entire SAS data library or selected members of the library PROC DATASETS Used to modify members within a SAS data library PROC PDS Can list delete and rename the members of a partitioned data set PROC PDSCOPY Copies partitioned data sets containing load modules between storage devices tapes and disks PROC RELEASE Releases unused space at the end of a disk data set PROC SOURCE Provides an easy way to back up and process library data sets PROC TAPECOPY Copies an entire tape volume or files from one or several tape volumes to one output tape volume PROC TAPELABEL Lists the label information of an IBM standard labe
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