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AMS-LATEX Version 1.1 User's Guide

1. 00 38 31 7 2 Numbers and punctuation in italic text 2 22 38 32 The amsbook documentstyle 39 32 1 Front matter 2 2 2 e 39 32 2 Running heads 2 ee 40 33 Bibliography styles for use with BIBT X 40 V Appendixes 41 A Installation instructions 41 A l Introduction 2 2 0 200200 0000200000000 008 41 A 2 Files included in this distribution 0 00 41 A 3 Copying files to the appropriate directories 2 42 A 4 What the various files are for 2 2 ee 43 A 5 Making a new format file 0 000 43 A 6 Using the new format file 0 000 45 A 6 1 Math fonts 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 00 00 00000 45 A 7 Using the old format file 2 0 0 0 0000 45 A 8 amp Installation for use with Tertures 2 2 ee 45 A 8 1 Putting the Files in the Right Place 0 2 46 A 8 2 Creating a New Format 0 0 000 46 A823 Notes 2 0 00200 0000000 00 ee 47 iii B Files included in the AjjS IATpX distribution B 1 Files maintained by the American Mathematical Society B 2 Files maintained by Mittelbach and Sch pf 2 C Differences between AMS TFX version 2 0 and the amstex op tion C 1 Document structure commands C 2 Math font commands 2 02000 C 3 Matrices 2 ee C 4 Displayed equation structures 2 2 000 C 5 Math style commands 00 0 C 6 thickfrac
2. 2 2 0 2 0 200 000 000000022 C 7 Commenting out a large section of text 2 0 000 C 8 Page breaks inside a display 0 C 9 Special colons in math 0 00 0 C 10 Paragraphed text within a displayed equation C 11 Commutative diagrams 0 0 2 000 C 12 Footnotes 2 ee C 13 Vertical spacing 2 C 14 Blank space for figures 0 en C 15 hdotsfor 2 2 0 200000 02 ee C 16 topsmash and botsmash 000 C 17 spreadlines and other display options C 18 The andcommand 0 2000 C 19 Global options 2 2 2002000002000 D Memory statistics D 1 Recommended values for the various TEX memory categories E Getting help E 1 Further information 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Index 54 56 58 58 60 Part I General 1 Introduction The necessary documentation for using the A 4S IXTpX package has two parts this User s Guide and some sample files illustrating the features available in the Aqy4S ATpX package The file used to produce this User s Guide is amslatex tex the sample files are named testart tex and testbook tex Installation instructions for the A 4S IATpX package are found in Appendix A As explained there installation requires making a new JATpX format file This User s Guide however can be typeset without the new format file so that users can read it before proceeding further if th
3. e The user can change the following in the same way abstractname Abstract partname Part indexname Index figurename Figure tablename Table proofname Proof refname References appendixname Appendix tocname Contents This also allows the user to substitute e g Diagram instead of Figure for the labels of figure environments In the amsbook style there are some additional names available for changing chaptername Chapter listfigurename List of Figures listtablename List of Tables bibname Bibliography The environment thebibliography uses bibname in the amsbook style and refname in the amsart style 5The names of the control sequences were chosen to match the names used in babel sty 35 31 5 Theorems definitions and similar structures IATpX provides newtheorem to create theorem environments The amsart and amsbook styles make use of the theorem documentstyle option to provide more flexibility in the design of theorems definitions proofs remarks and the like for full details see Frank Mittelbach s article in TUGboat vol 10 no 3 November 1989 pp 416 426 Three levels of theorem type environments are provided through three theoremstyles plain definition and remark The different styles receive different typographical treatment that gives them visual emphasis corresponding to their relative importance in the author s exposition To create new theorem type environments in th
4. Huge have suitable definitions based on the size command Note In the specification for the baselineskip it is necessary to give the units because in some situations a unit other than pt may be desirable or a skip register see 3 p 118 might be used instead of an explicit value 5 4 Family We define a font family as a group of fonts of various shapes widths and weights that share distinctive design features such as x height the relative thickness of horizontal and vertical strokes distinctive shapes of particular letters and so 1See the remarks in Subsection 5 5 about bfdefault forth In other words fonts in the same family share a resemblance that fonts from different families don t share though in some cases the resemblance is obvious only to an experienced eye Table 2 gives a classification of some of the Computer Modern fonts according to family Table 2 Computer Modern font families Family and abbreviation cmr10 cmti10 cms110 Computer modern roman cmr cmcsc10 cmu10 cmbxi0 cmbxti cmbxsl cmb10 cmssi0 cmssi10 cmssbx10 Computer modern sans serif cmss cmtt10 cmitt10 cmsltt Computer modern typewriter cmtt The abbreviations rm tt and sf are provided for switching to the Com puter Modern roman typewriter and sans serif families The definition of sf for example is family cmss selectfont 5 5 Using other font families If the base family of a document is Computer Mod
5. ati4 4pt When scaling up fonts to sizes larger than their original size the best strategy normally is to follow a magstep progression rather than using exact point sizes at 10 95pt instead of at 11pt at 12pt no change at 14 4pt instead of at 14pt at 17 28pt instead of at 17pt at 20 74pt instead of at 20pt at 24 88pt instead of at 25pt The reason this is good strategy is that for printer drivers using bitmapped fonts you are more likely to have the right sizes if you use the magstep values than if you specify exact point sizes If you have a PostScript printer driver or other vector based driver you won t have to worry about this The fifth argument of the new fontshape command is normally empty It is used for specifying if necessary additional action to be taken when a particular font is loaded There are two kinds of substitutions that can be done substituting for an individual size of a particular font or substituting for all sizes of a particular family series shape combination 5 8 2 Substitutions for individual sizes The smallest size in the above example is five point lt 5 gt cmti7 at5pt obtained by reducing the seven point version of the font to 5pt If you don t have a PK bitmap file corresponding to this particular size and want to substitute cmti7 at its natural size then you would change this line in the font definition to read lt 5 gt 1cmti7 The number 1 at the beginning will cause IA
6. hence At the present time italic fonts with upright numbers and punctuation aren t available The work of getting upright numbers and punctuation in italic text therefore must be done some other way In order to help the author the amsart and amsbook documentstyles take two steps First they do as much as possible automatically behind the scenes For example ref usually produces a number of some sort the definition of ref has been changed so that the number will never print in italic Second they provide a control sequence rom with one argument that can be used by the author when necessary to make an individual punctuation mark or number nonitalic For example formal rom in the previous year rom 1989 Italic corrections are inserted automatically by rom The use of rom is unnecessary for punctuation marks that are not high enough to have a noticeable slant such as commas and periods 32 The amsbook documentstyle The amsbook style has much in common with the amsart style everything in the previous sections about amsart holds true for amsbook excepting some details such as the placement of author addresses and other top matter information 32 1 Front matter The top matter information for a book more commonly called the front matter when discussing a book is usually specially made up on a title page with the format varying widely from book to book In the amsbook design maketitle produces a sim
7. already be installed on your system It is not included in the AMS BTFX distribution After some initial processing INITEX will stop and ask for another filename because it cannot find the file Lfonts tex Remember you renamed it accord ing to the first paragraph of this section When it stops just type lfonts new in response to the prompt Please type another input file name and continue There are three other files that will be input in a similar way They are indicated in the following table In place of Substitute fontdef ori If you want to use only CM and JATpX fonts fontdef ams If you want to use the basic math fonts from the AMSFonts 2 0 collection Euler Fraktur bold math extra math symbols MSAM and MSBM fontdef max If you want to use other AMSFonts Euler Roman or Script cyrillic text fonts or Concrete fonts fontdef tex preload min To preload fewer fonts uses less font memory but may noticeably increase processing time preload tex preload med To preload a medium number of fonts preload ori To preload all basic IXTpX fonts leaves less memory for other fonts but gives faster processing time basefont tex If you intend to use AMSFonts 2 0 xxxlfont sty newlfont sty If you don t intend to use AMSFonts 2 0 Note When basefont tex is used the following math symbols will be undefined mho Join Box Diamond leadsto lhd unlhd rhd and unrhd Alternate versions of all t
8. amsarti0 sty amsartil sty amsarti2 sty amsbk10 sty amsbk10 doc amsart10 doc amsplain bst Bibliography style files for use with BIBT X and a file amsalpha bst containing the Mathematical Reviews standard abbre mrabbrev bib viations for the names of mathematical journals B 2 Files maintained by Mittelbach and Schopf The official copies of the remaining files in this distribution are maintained by Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Schopf who have given permission for the American Mathematical Society to distribute them theorem sty Option for special treatment of theorems and similar theorem doc structures written by Frank Mittelbach and auxiliary and related files files used by amsart sty and amsbook sty verbatim sty Option file implementing an improved verbatim envi verbatim doc ronment and a comment environment written by Rainer Schopf 49 lfonts new The files that implement the Mittelbach Schopf font preload min selection scheme fontdef max newlfont sty and related files C Differences between AMS T X version 2 0 and the amstex option This section describes the parts of AMS TE X that were removed during the creation of the amstex option It will probably be of interest primarily to users with AMS TFX experience In general AMS TEX commands that were redundant with IATpX commands were simply dropped Other commands were reimplemented as documentstyle options or otherwise changed in form C 1 Doc
9. argument in curly braces which allows you to substitute a different name for the standard Proof If you want to substitute say Proof sufficiency then write begin pf Proof sufficiency and close the proof with end pf instead of end pf 37 31 7 Miscellaneous notes 31 7 1 Variations from standard IXTpX Variations from standard IATpX that are simple additions like subjclass for subject classification numbers will not be pointed out in this section However a couple of variations that involve contradictions of statements in the IATpxX manual need to be noted Starred forms of sectioning commands In the amsart and amsbook doc umentstyles starred forms of the chapter and section commands produce a table of contents entry This is a variation from standard IATpX see the TFX manual C 3 1 but more in keeping with usual publishing practice Author names and addresses The standard IAT X format for specifying the names and addresses of a document s authors is this author First Author Address Line 1 Address Line 2 and Second Author Address Line i Address Line 2 In the amsart and amsbook documentstyles there is a separate address com mand for addresses and the author names and addresses are specified individ ually like all the other elements of the top matter author First Author address Address Line i Address Line 2 author Second Author address Address Line i Address L
10. in the extensible arrows gt gt gt and lt lt lt and in the math microspacing commands and In order to get an ordinary printed character type instead of With the various alignment environments available in the amstex option the eqnarray environment is no longer needed Furthermore since it does not prevent overlapping of the equation numbers with wide formulas as most of the amstex alignments do using the amstex alignments seems better nonumber is interchangeable with notag the latter seems slightly prefer able for consistency with the name of tag In math bf rm and other text font commands should not be used for single math variables bold mathrm etc should be used instead See section 6 for details 32 Part IV The amsart and amsbook documentstyles 30 General remarks Two considerations controlled the development of the amsart and amsbook doc umentstyles First of all their intended use is for articles and books submitted for publication to the American Mathematical Society in addition to giving the IATpX user some additional output styles And second because amsart and amsbook not only load the amstex option but also add several features not found in the standard IAT X styles they don t have much spare memory to work with if used with a small implementation of T X Therefore some features of the standard IAI pX documentstyles that are needed rarely or never in AMS pu
11. intlim sty A 3 Copying files to the appropriate directories All the files in the doc subdirectory can be copied to any documentation direc tory or other directory where you would like to keep them The files in the inputs subdirectory and the fontsel subdirectory should all be copied to the directory where your implementation of T X looks for input files typically named tex_inputs or something similar For example with PCTEX there is a directory named pcetex texinput 42 A 4 What the various files are for Once the files have been copied to the appropriate places the main ones of interest will be lfonts new fontdef A preload Used in creating a new IAT pX format file basefont tex amstex sty IAT pX documentstyle option file amsart sty Main documentstyle for AMS article formatting amsbook sty Main documentstyle for AMS book formatting amslatex tex A S IATpx User s Guide app tex chap tex pref tex Examples test Use of the AqyS IATpX package is dependent on the font selection scheme of Mittelbach and Sch pf described in TUGboat 11 no 2 June 1990 pp 297 305 This means that you need either to receive from someone else a new IATpX format file based on Mittelbach and Sch pf s scheme some of the distributors of TEX will provide this or make one yourself instructions follow using INI TEX a version of TEX with no preloaded format that is included with most implementations of TEX Note that the fil
12. several environments exist for creating multi line displayed equations They are similar in function to IATpX s equation and eqnarray environments These environments are align gather alignat xalignat xxalignat multline split 26 Each environment except for split has both starred and unstarred forms where the unstarred forms have automatic numbering using JATPX s equation counter You can suppress the number on any particular line by putting notag before the you can also override it with a tag of your own using tag label where label means arbitrary text such as or ii used to number the equation There is also a tag command that causes the tag to be typeset absolutely literally without putting parentheses around it tag and tag can also be used in the starred versions of all the amstex alignment structures See testart tex Appendix B for examples of the use of tag 25 1 The align environment The align environment is used for two or more equations when vertical align ment is desired usually binary relations such as equal signs are aligned The term equation is used rather loosely here to mean any math formula that is intended by the author as a self contained subdivision of the larger display usually but not always containing a binary relation 25 2 The gather environment Like the align environment the gather environment is used for two or more equations but when there is no alignment des
13. subscript it s typed between the second and third symbols For example gt xi F_k Gamma_k alpha gt gt would have a superscript EFI ka placed above the arrow These arrows were 20 originally developed for use in commutative diagrams but can be used elsewhere also See section 24 4 for more information about the amscd option 17 overset underset and sideset IAT pX provides stackrel for placing a superscript above a binary relation In amstex there are somewhat more general commands overset and underset that can be used to place one symbol above or below another symbol whether it s a relation or something else The input overset X will place a superscript size above the X underset performs the parallel operation that you d expect There s also a command called sideset for a rather special purpose putting symbols at the subscript and superscript corners of a large operator symbol such as or The prime example is the case when you want to put a prime on a sum symbol If there are no limits above or below the sum you could just use nolimits here s sum nolimits E_n in display mode S En 1 But if you want not only the prime but also something below or above the sum symbol it s not so easy If you have XO nEn 2 n lt k n odd and you want to add a prime on the sum symbol use sideset like this sideset sum_ nE_n The extra pair of empty braces is explained by the fact th
14. there is a command boldkey used to obtain bold versions of math symbols such as and that are present on keyboard keys In the amstex option the use of the new font selection scheme made it possible to generalize boldsymbol so that boldkey is not needed C 3 Matrices The format option of AA4S TEX s matrix is not available for matrix pmatrix and related environments just use the array environment instead if you need an unusual format for the columns AMS TEX s smallmatrix command has also been reimplemented as an environment begin math bigl begin smallmatrix akb c amp d end smallmatrix bigr end math C 4 Displayed equation structures In the ATpX amstex option commands for creating multiple line displays have been converted to environments similar to IAT X s eqnarray and equation they use begin and end and the that would have been used in AMS T X should not be used See Section 25 for more details C 5 Math style commands As a matter of convenience AjyS TpfX provided the abbreviations dsize tsize ssize and sssize for displaystyle textstyle scriptstyle and scriptscriptstyle In order to conserve control sequence names these have been dropped in amstex since they are merely synonyms If you need to use a math style command frequently because of the nature of your mate rial you can add an abbreviation using newcommand in the preamble of your document and call it whatever
15. to obtain the AMSFonts 16 8 The amssymb option If you are running a version of IATpX with extra memory available for control sequence names and you use quite a few of the extra math symbols from the AMSFonts it may be more convenient for you to use the amssymb documentstyle option which will define all the symbol names about 200 so you won t have to include an individual newsymbol command in your document for each one You may prefer to include it in the construction of a format file see the installation instructions Appendix A to save processing time it is a stand alone option so it can be included in the format file without including the amstex option 17 Part III Features of the amstex option 9 Math spacing commands Both the spelled out and abbreviated forms of these commands are robust and in addition they can also be used outside of math The primary math spacing commands are Abbrev Spelled out Abbrev Spelled out thinspace negthinspace medspace negmedspace 3 thickspace negthickspace quad qquad and give one tenth the space of and respectively for extra fine tuning where necessary 10 Multiple integral signs iint iiint and iiiint give multiple integral signs with the spacing be tween them nicely adjusted in both text and display style idotsint is an extension of the same idea that gives two integral signs with dots between them 11 Over and un
16. whatever in math Since there is not a one to one correspondence between the Russian alphabet and the English alphabet you may need to refer to your documentation to find out how to obtain certain letters The AMSFonts User s Guide 1 gives a complete table If you also want to use bold Russian letters you could define another math alphabet and name it say boldcy Alternatively you could set things up so that bold Russian letters are accessible through the commands boldsymbol and boldmath If you add the line addtoversion bold cy UwWCcyr b n in your document s preamble then cy A would produce a normal weight Rus sian A and boldmath cy A would produce a bold Russian A with the rest of the formula being made bold as well Furthermore you could then obtain a bold Russian A in the midst of normal math using boldsymbol boldsymbol cy A In the amstex option boldsymbol is to be used for individual bold math symbols and bold Greek letters everything in math except for letters where you would use bold For example to obtain a bold 7 or 0 you would use the commands boldsymbol infty boldsymbol boldsymbol pi or boldsymbo1 0 Because they are not included in the standard distribution of TEX fonts sizes other than 10 point of bold fonts for math symbols Greek and math italic CMBSY and CMMIB are provided in the AMSFonts 2 0 distribution Since boldsymbo1
17. will produce low dots in the first instance and centered dots in the others with the spacing on either side of the dots nicely adjusted Then we have the series A Ao the regional sum A Ag the orthogonal product A A gt and the infinite integral Specifying dots this way in terms of their meaning rather than in terms of their visual placement is in keeping with the general philosophy of IATpX and makes documents more portable between places where different conventions prevail The control sequences ldots and cdots are still available however for compatibility 13 Accents in math The following accent commands automatically give good positioning of double accents Hat Check Tilde Acute Grave Dot Ddot Breve Bar Vec In ordinary IATpX the second accent will usually be askew A hat hat A In the amstex option if you type Hat Hat A using the capitalized form for both accents the second accent will be properly positioned see testart tex for examples 19 As explained in the Joy of TEX this double accent operation is complicated and tends to slow down the processing of a T X file If your document contains many double accents you can use accentedsymbol in the preamble of your document to help speed things up It stores the result of the double accent command in a box register for quick retrieval accentedsymbol is used like newcommand accentedsymbol Ahathat Hat Hat A Some a
18. with the label e baset the usage would be eqref fe baset 25 10 Error messages One kind of error message in particular should be mentioned since it follows from a mistake that is easy to make Runaway argument left frac hat v s hat v t widetilde D ETC Paragraph ended before multline was complete lt to be read again gt par 1 17 h I suspect you ve forgotten a causing me to apply this control sequence to too much text How can we recover My plan is to forget the whole thing and hope for the best e This usually means one of two things Either you have an equation alignment environment where the end doesn t match the beginning perhaps something like begin multline end multline as in this case or else you have a missing or right delimiter inside of the environment A is rather easy to leave off accidentally when using certain commands such as frac 26 Miscellaneous In the amstex option and slash will remove superfluous spaces on either side of them as a convenience to the user in the case of only a space on the left will be removed For example if you have typed p 63 and then realize you should add a you can insert the without deleting the space In ordinary IATpX big bigg Big and Bigg delimiters don t adjust properly over the full range of IATpX font sizes In the amstex option they do 30 27 New documentstyle options avai
19. AMS BTFX Version 1 1 User s Guide American Mathematical Society 21 JUN 1991 Contents I General 1 Introduction 1 1 Notes 2 aaa ee 2 The AMS BT X project 3 Major components of the AMS ATFpX package II Font considerations 4 The font selection scheme of Mittelbach and Sch pf 5 Basic concepts 5 1 Shape 2 2 2 0200200000 e 5 2 Series 2 5 3 Size 2 a 5 4 Family 2 2 0 20 02 0 00000000 2 2 ee 5 5 Using other font families 2 2 ee 5 6 The oldlfont option aoaaa a 2 02000 5 7 Warnings 0 aaa 5 8 Customization of fontdef files 2 0 0 5 8 1 A typical font definition 0 2002 5 8 2 Substitutions for individual sizes 0022 5 8 3 Substitution of a different series shape or family 6 Names of math font commands 7 The command newsymbol 8 The amssymb option III Features of the amstex option 9 Math spacing commands 10 Multiple integral signs 11 Over and under arrows 12 Dots aN aN WOOoOmonNranroanw A 12 16 17 18 18 18 18 18 13 Accents in math 14 Roots 15 Boxed formulas 16 Extensible arrows 17 overset underset and sideset 18 The text command 19 Operator names 20 mod and its relatives 21 Fractions and related constructions 22 Continued fractions 23 Smash options 24 New IAT pX environments 24 1 The cases environment 0 00004 24 2 Matrix 24 3 The Sb a
20. T pX to print an informational message about the fact that a substitution was made if the font is actually used at that size Alternatively instead of substituting a larger size of exactly the same font you might prefer to get the proper size and substitute a different font shape For example if you wanted to substitute five point roman instead of seven point italic you would change the line to read lt 5 gt 2cmr5 The number 2 at the beginning causes a slightly different informational message to be given if and when that size is actually used 11 5 8 3 Substitution of a different series shape or family Substitution of a different family series shape combination for one that is un available to you is done with a command called subst fontshape It takes six arguments the first three the family series and shape that aren t available and the second three the family series and shape that you wish to substitute For example let s suppose you want to substitute Computer Modern medium slanted for Computer Modern medium italic The command would be substOfontshapefcmr m it cmr m sl Further examples of the use of subst fontshape can be found in the files fontdef ori and fontdef max 6 Names of math font commands The single biggest issue in the integration of AMS T X and IXTpX font usage was that in AjyS TpX math font commands work differently than text font commands and have different names Instead of being a si
21. ally ignored by AT px The end comment should be on a line by itself any text after endf comment on the same line would be ignored and you would receive a warning message that it was lost Inside the comment environment IATpX is in a special state that is ended by the first occurrence of the end comment command you can not have one comment environment nested inside another The verbatim option provides some other nice features see verbatim doc for further details 4Not including the file extension 31 27 2 Syntax checking Another new style option is called syntonly if you include this in your doc ument options list then you can put syntaxonly in the document preamble to run the file with syntax check only No output will be produced but any IaTpX errors will be uncovered The advantage of this is that IT pX will run significantly faster when syntaxonly is in effect How much faster depends on the particular computer being used and other variables but 30 40 is typical 28 Protecting fragile commands Many of the commands added by the amstex option are fragile and will need to be protected in commands with moving arguments section and other sectioning commands caption addcontentsline addtocontents markboth markright expressions in an array or tabular environment and others see the IATpX manual Section C 1 3 29 Differences the BIFX user should note In amstex the character has a special use
22. ar a TeX consultant in the Chicago area and by West German IAI pX experts Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Schopf with assistance from Michael Downes of the American Mathematical Society technical support staff The overall philosophy was to provide AMS T X commands to the TATpX user while adhering to standard IATpX syntax as much as possible Thus to make their syntax more like normal IAT pX syntax AqyS TEX commands having the form something endsomething were converted to IATpX environments so that they now have the form begin something end something For example a matrix is typed as begin matrix end matrix instead of matrix endmatrix Also some commands that have top and bottom op tions were changed so that the option is specified using t or b instead of by a prefix top or bot in the command name See Appendix C for more details A good part of the original AMS T X was whittled off in the creation of the amstex option Many commands were redundant and were simply dropped others seemed only marginally useful and were omitted in order to conserve control sequence memory Some internal control sequences were eliminated by restructuring the code AyjS laTpX is different enough from the original AMS T X that using the Joy of TRX as documentation would be unsatisfactory Instead this User s Guide aims to be more or less self sufficient The Joy of TeX is still recom mended reading because it provides background infor
23. arate option amscd that must be loaded in the documentstyle options list if it is desired The pretend haswidth command is not available in the amscd option Approximately the same results can be gotten by inserting blank space using hspace in the subscript or superscript fields of the extensible arrow commands gt gt gt and lt lt lt C 12 Footnotes The footnote command of the amsppt documentstyle is superseded by AT pX s command of the same name Instead of the AMS TEX adjustfootnotemark 52 command use addtocounter footnote number The literal footnote mark feature of amsppt where double quotes can be used to specify a different kind of footnote mark is not available C 13 Vertical spacing The AMS TFX use of vspace in alignment structures align split etc is superfluous in IATpX because the same function is available through the optional argument of the or commands Therefore Aj4S TpX s version of vspace has been dropped C 14 Blank space for figures AMS TEX s midspace topspace caption and captionwidth are super fluous in the amstex option and have been dropped use XT pX s figure envi ronment and caption command C 15 hdotsfor The original AMS TFX syntax of ndotsfor has been simplified somewhat in the amstex option AA S TpX s innerhdotsfor is not needed The spacing between dots is adjusted via a square bracket option rather than through a sepa rate command space
24. at sideset has the capability of putting an extra symbol or symbols at each corner of a large operator to put an asterisk at each corner of a product symbol you would type sideset _ 7 _ 7 prod After you have installed AjyS IATpX you can typeset and print the sample file testart tex to see examples of the output 18 The text command The main use of the command text is for words or phrases in a display It is very similar to the IAT X command mbox in its effects but has a couple of advantages If you want a word or phrase of text in a subscript you can type _ text word or phrase which is slightly easier than the mbox equiv alent _ mbox scriptsize word or phrase The other advantage is the more descriptive name 21 19 Operator names Math functions such as log sin and lim are traditionally typeset in roman type to help avoid confusion with single math variables set in math italic The more common ones have predefined names log sin lim and so forth but new ones come up all the time in mathematical papers so amstex provides a general mechanism for producing such names operatorname xxx produces xxx in the proper font and automatically adds proper spacing on either side when necessary so that you get Axxx B instead of AxxxB Since operatorname takes rather a lot of typing you would usually put some definitions in the preamble of the form newcommand xxx operatorname xxx newcommand
25. ay 1989 gt or later should be good enough to avoid problems however If you need a new copy of latex tex the alternatives are 1 if you have a commercial version of TEX contact the company to see about getting a more recent copy of latex tex 2 retrieve it by anonymous FTP from the Internet archive labrea stanford edu the canonical source or from the AMS archive e MATH AMS com 3 contact the TEX Users Group and ask about alternative sources see Appendix E A 2 Files included in this distribution The subdirectory doc contains the following files READ ME app tex testart tex amsart doc chapi tex testbook bbl amsarti0 doc chap2 tex testbook tex amsbk10 doc pref tex theorem doc amsbook doc test bib thp doc amslatex tex testart bbl verbatim doc 41 The subdirectory fontsel contains the following files READ ME fontsel bug preload med array sty fontsel tex preload min basefont tex lfonts new preload ori concrete doc margid sty readme mz concrete sty newlfont sty readme mz3 euscript sty nomargid sty syntonly sty fontdef max oldlfont sty tracefnt sty fontdef ori The subdirectory inputs contains the following files READ ME amscd sty mrabbrev bib amsalpha bst amsfonts sty nonamelm sty amsart sty amsplain bst nosumlim sty amsarti0 sty amssymb sty preload max amsartil sty amstex sty righttag sty amsarti2 sty amstext sty theorem sty amsbki0 sty ctagsplt sty thp sty amsbook sty fontdef ams verbatim sty amsbsy sty
26. ber of string characters also referred to as string pool size the values given here as reported at the end of a IATpX log file are potentially misleading They represent the difference between the maximum value compiled into TEX and the total number of string characters used by all current control sequences and other strings including primitive control sequences and the error messages that are built into T X See Subsection D 1 below 55 Memory statistics for the amsbook documentstyle are comparable to the statistics for amsart But bear in mind that books will usually have larger bibliographies and more cross references which means greater usage of control sequence memory and string memory hash size and string pool respec tively D 1 Recommended values for the various TREX memory categories Table 7 lists the recommended capacities in various categories for successful use of the AjyS IATpX major documentstyles or the amstex option Not all categories are listed the ones that appear are the ones where problems tend to occur in current implementations of TeX Note in particular that the compiled in value for string pool needs to be much larger than the values listed in Table 6 This is because the string pool capacity reported by T X in response to a tracingstats command is not the compiled in value but the result of subtracting from the compiled in value the number of characters in T X s built in error messages t
27. blications have been omitted or minimized in an effort to conserve memory No special provisions have been made for setting up marginal notes or two column format for example And the 11pt and 12pt options have been reduced to a minimal kernel they do nothing except reset the margins and a few font sizes More sophisticated adjustments that are done in the standard IATpX article and book styles are omitted The fleqn option and the openbib bibliography style are not used in AMS publications and therefore the necessary work to make them available has not been done No provision is made for fonts in sizes larger than large the IATpX com mands Large LARGE huge and Huge still function normally but the size they produce is the same as for large The design of amsart does not use internally anything larger than normalsize The amstex option which is part of the amsart and amsbook styles does the necessary setting up to allow the use of fonts from the AMSFonts 2 0 collection but it is possible to use amsart and amsbook without having the AMSFonts There is one restriction however the tfm files for the math symbol fonts of the AMSfonts package msam msbm cmmib cmbsy are required even if your document doesn t actually use any symbols from the fonts Detailed information instructions about using the amsart and amsbook doc umentstyles for electronic submissions to AMS publications can be found in Guidelines for preparing electronic
28. ccents have a wide form typing widehat xy widetilde xy produces z9 y Because these wide accents have a certain maximum size extremely long expressions are better handled by a different notation AmBD instead of AmBD But getting an accent into a superscript is a little tricky try it so amstex has the following control sequences to make it easier sphat spcheck sptilde spdot spddot spdddot spbreve The example above would be typed AmBD sphat Finally dddot and ddddot are available to produce triple and quadruple dot accents in addition to the dot and ddot accents already available in IATpXx 14 Roots In ordinary ATX the placement of root indices is sometimes not so good Vk sqrt beta k In the amstex option leftroot and uproot allow you to adjust the position of the root sqrt leftroot 2 uproot 2 beta k will move the beta up and to the right See the sample file testart tex The negative argument used with leftroot moves the 8 to the right The units are a small dimension that is a useful size for such adjustments 15 Boxed formulas The command boxed puts a box around its argument like fbox except that the contents are in math mode 16 Extensible arrows gt gt gt and lt lt lt produce arrows that extend automatically to accommodate un usually wide subscripts or superscripts The text of a superscript is typed in be tween the first and second gt or lt symbols and for a
29. ce memory to be exceeded for implementations of TeX that have a maximum of 3000 currently true for many implementations on small computer systems The font base used in all the tests except for the control was fontdef max preload min and newlfont sty Obviously preloading more fonts by using a different preload file would tend to increase font memory usage The reason for the comparatively small number of fonts used by the amsart documentstyle is that no fonts larger than normalsize are used in the title and section headings 54 Table 6 Memory statistics amstex M s amscd amsfonts represen fonts amstex t amssymb amsbsy Lamstex tative article article article article article amsart maxima 286 386 942 1170 500 933 7032 string 2421 3183 8444 10505 4218 8419 20798 51376 50126 63506 63880 51059 65445 65501 memory trol 2234 2410 2938 3160 2498 2946 5000 sequences 18941 12721 16842 16842 16842 11462 65504 number hyphen ation excep tions 12 16 16 16 16 19 200 stack 9 9 14 14 9 14 40 levels This column is the control using standard IAT X with the standard article documentstyle without the Mittelbach Sch pf font selection scheme The adjacent column is the same except for the font selection scheme tRecall that the amstex option includes the amsfonts amsbsy and amstext options and that the amsart and amsbook documentstyles automatically include the amstex option tFor the num
30. commands I e suppose you have a big matrix with 19 or 20 columns Then you d do something like this begin equation setcounter MaxMatrixCols 20 A begin pmatrix ee Se Se TER Se Se Se ae Soe Se T nO N 24 end pmatrix endfequation To produce a small matrix suitable for use in text use the smallmatrix environment begin math bigl begin smallmatrix akb c amp d end smallmatrix bigr end math hdotsfor number produces a row of dots in a matrix spanning the given number of columns begin matrix a amp b amp c amp d e amp hdotsfor 3 end matrix would give dots spanning the last three columns in the second row The spacing of the dots can be varied through use of a square bracket option for example hdotsfor 1 5 3 The number in square brackets will be used as a multi plier the normal value is 1 24 3 The Sb and Sp environments The Sb and Sp environments can be used to typeset several lines as a subscript or superscript for example begin equation sum begin Sb O le i le m 0 lt j lt n end Sb P i j endfequation produces a two line subscript underneath the sum gt Pij 6 o lt igm O lt j lt n Sb and Sp can be used anywhere that an ordinary subscript or superscript can be used 24 4 Commutative diagrams The commutative diagram commands of AMS T X are not included in the amstex option but are available as a separate option amscd This cons
31. da Omega phi lambda Omega A_2 amp phi lambda Omega phi lambda Omega intertextfand A_3 amp cal N lambda omega endfalign Here the word and would fall outside the display at the left margin 25 9 Equation numbering In IAT pX if you wanted to have equations numbered within sections that is have equation numbers 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 in sections 1 2 and so forth you would probably redefine theequation renewcommand theequation thesection arabicfequation This works fine except that the equation counter won t be reset to zero at the be ginning of a new section or chapter unless you do it yourself using setcounter To make this a little more convenient the amstex option provides a command numberwithin To have equation numbering tied to section numbering with automatic reset of the equation counter the command would be numberwithin equation section As the name implies numberwithin can be applied to other counters besides the equation counter but the results are not guaranteed because of potential complications Normal IATpX methods should be used where available e g in newtheorem 29 To make cross references to equations easier an eqref command is pro vided This automatically supplies the parentheses around the equation num ber and adds an italic correction if necessary see Section 31 7 2 To refer to an equation that was labeled
32. der arrows There are some additional over and under arrow operations provided in the amstex option underleftarrow underrightarrow overleftrightarrow underleftrightarrow All over and under operations including the previously available ones over rightarrow overleftarrow have been modified to scale properly in sub script sizes After you have installed A 4S IATpX you can process and print the sample file testart tex to see examples of the arrows 12 Dots In the amstex option ellipsis dots should almost always be typed as dots Placement on the baseline or centered is selected according to whatever follows 18 the dots If the next thing is a plus sign the dots will be centered if it s a comma they will be on the baseline These default dot placements provided by the amstex option can be changed by the documentstyle if different conventions are wanted If the dots fall at the end of a math formula the next thing is something like end or or which does not give any information about how to place the dots Then you must help by using dotsc for dots with commas or dotsb for dots with binary operators relations or dotsm for multiplication dots or dotsi for dots with integrals For example the input Then we have the series A_1 A_2 dotsc the regional sum A_1 A_2 dotsb the orthogonal product A_1A_2 dotsm and the infinite integral C int_ A_1 int_ A_2 dotsi
33. e different styles use the newtheorem command in the normal way but divide your newtheorem com mands into groups and preface each group with the appropriate theoremstyle If no theoremstyle command is given the style used will be plain The theorembodyfont and theoremheaderfont commands described in Mittel bach s article are unnecessary in the AMS documentstyles Here is an example of a rather comprehensive newtheorem section theorem style plain default newtheorem thm Theorem section newtheorem lem Lemma section newtheorem cor Corollary section newtheorem prop Proposition section newtheorem crit Criterion section newtheorem alg Algorithm section theoremstyle definition newtheorem defn Definition section newtheorem conj Conjecture section newtheorem exmp Example section newtheorem prob Problem section theoremstyle remark newtheorem rem Remark renewcommand theremark newtheorem note Note renewcommand thenote newtheorem claim Claim newtheorem summ Summary renewcommand thesumm newtheorem case Case newtheorem ack Acknowledgment renewcommand theack 36 If you would like an unnumbered environment use renewcommand to undefine thexxxx where xxxx stands for the environment name as shown in the re mark section If you have a theorem with a special name such as Klein s Theorem use a separate newtheorem command
34. e for this User s Guide amslatex tex can be typeset using your old IATpX format file so if you haven t done so already you can typeset it using IATpX in the usual way and read it before proceeding further A 5 Making a new format file In order to create a new IAT X format file that uses the Mittelbach Schopf font selection scheme you must first rename the file lfonts tex that was dis tributed with your original IATpX distribution so that it won t interfere This file is in the directory where your implementation of T X looks for input files e g for PCTEX it would be petex texinput Rename the file to something such as olfonts tex O for original You may also want to rename the file lplain fmt in the directory where your T X looks for format files to olplain fmt if you want to continue to be able to use the old version of IAT X as well as the new version Otherwise this file will be overwritten during the installation process Then follow the directions for creating a new IAT pX format file using INITEX in the documentation for your implementation of TEX The directions will vary from one implementation of TEX to another but basically what you want to do 43 is run the program INITEX as if you were running TEX using lplain tex as the input file Remark For PCT X there is an i option for the tex command rather than a separate initex command lplain tex is a standard HT X file that should
35. ern roman with other families used only sporadically the other families would be selected using the family command as described in 5 4 If you want to change the base family of the document however say to Times Roman or Baskerville then the best way is to change the default family settings In a canonical setup with all Computer Modern fonts the following definitions are in effect newcommand rmdefault cmr newcommand sfdefault cmss newcommand ttdefault cmtt Some or all of these default settings can be changed using renewcommand For example if you have families pstr pshel and pstt for respectively PostScript Times Roman PostScript Helvetica and Postscript Typewriter fonts then you could make them the default via the commands renewcommand rmdefault pstr renewcommand sfdefault pshel renewcommand ttdefault pstt either in the preamble of an individual document or in an option file which then could be used by more than one document After these changes the commands rm sf and tt will select the PostScript families rather than Computer Modern families Computer Modern families would still be accessible through explicit use of the family command e g family cmtt selectfont Note that in order to use such alternate families you must have on your computer system a fontdef file that defines which fonts belong to the families pstr pshel and pstt as well as what sizes shapes and weights are available
36. erves 25 memory for users who don t need commutative diagrams The picture environ ment can be used for complex commutative diagrams but for simple diagrams without diagonal arrows the amscd commands are more convenient The commutative diagram Met T enap 7 S T I Z T J can be produced in ordinary IATpX by begin array ccc S cal W _ Lambda otimes T amp stackrel j longrightarrow amp T Big downarrow amp amp Big downarrow vcenter rlap scriptstylef rm End P S otimes T I amp Z otimes T J endfarray When the amscd option is used you would type instead begin CD S cal W _ Lambda otimes T gt j gt gt T VVV OVV End P V S otimes T I Z otimes T J end CD with End defined as operatorname End see 19 This would give longer horizontal arrows than in 7 and improved spacing between elements of the diagram see testart tex In the CD environment the commands gt gt gt lt lt lt VVV and AAA give respectively right left down and up arrows For the horizontal arrows material between the first and second gt or lt symbols will be typeset as a superscript and material between the second and third will be typeset as a subscript Similarly material between the first and second or second and third As or Vs of vertical arrows will be typeset as left or right sidescripts 25 Alignment structures for equations In the amstex option
37. escribed below 6 If Textures says it can t read hyphen click the No button in the dia logue box because hyphen tex is already loaded inside the Plain format On the other hand Textures might be able to find hyphen tex if you al ready have a copy somewhere If Textures does read hyphen tex you ll get an error message saying Too late for patterns Click on the Continue button or press the RETURN key as instructed by the comment in hyphen tex this error is harmless because the Plain format already contains the hyphenation patterns 46 7 Further processing will eventually lead to a dialog box saying I can t read lfonts not found Click the Yes button and select lfonts newfromthe TeX inputs folder Other substitutions will be made in the same manner the complete substitution list is as follows I can t read Ifonts tex Select lfonts new fontdef tex Select fontdef ori fontdef max or fontdef ams preload tex Select preload ori preload min or preload med xxxlfont sty Select oldlfont sty newlfont sty or basefont tex 8 At this point Textures will stop and present a prompt in the log window Enter the command dump followed by a RETURN to cause everything loaded so far to be saved in a new format file You will be asked to give a name for the new format file before giving the name proceed through the Macintosh folder hierarchy to reach the TeX formats folder so t
38. ey wish As a consequence though it was impractical in many cases to show sample output for commands from the amstex option this is done instead in the sample file testart tex In the User s Guide approximate output has been shown for the purposes of illustration when it was practical to do so in ordinary IAT px For best understanding you should be reasonably familiar with the AT px manual IXTpX A document preparation system by Leslie Lamport 4 Reading the Joy of TEX 6 the manual for AMS TFX will help you get the most out of the A yS IATpX software but is not mandatory For users whose background is in AMS T X rather than IXTpX there is an appendix describing the ways in which the IATpX amstex option differs from AMS T X 2 0 1 1 Notes The notation dimension number and the like will be used to indicate that an arbitrary dimension or number or whatever is to be substituted by the user By dimension we mean a number followed by one of T X s standard units pt pc in mm cm and so forth It is important in this User s Guide that we distinguish between the original non IATpX implementation of AMS T X and the modified form of it that con stitutes the IATpX option amstex Typewriter type will be used for the IATpX option amstex and the standard logo AMS TFX will be used for the original non IATpX version 2 The AMS DTFX project AMS TEX was originally released for general use in 1982 Its main strength is tha
39. ffers a substitution mechanism in the fontdef files for getting around the latter problem as described below 5 8 1 A typical font definition Here is a typical font definition from fontdef max for Computer Modern text italic new fontshape cmr m it lt 5 gt cmti7 atSpt lt 6 gt cmti7 at6pt lt 7 gt cmti7 lt 8 gt cmti8 lt 9 gt cmti9 lt 10 gt cmti10 lt 11 gt cmti10 at10 95pt lt 12 gt cmti12 lt 14 gt cmtii2 ati4 4pt lt 17 gt cmti12 at17 28pt lt 20 gt cmti12 at20 74pt7 lt 25 gt cmti12 at24 88pt7 Hi We now discuss the definition piece by piece new fontshape This is the command used to define each family series shape combination The character in the command name indicates that this is an internal command It has five arguments indicated by the pairs of curly braces cmr The font family argument 1 m The font series argument 2 it The font shape argument 3 lt 5 gt cmti7 A list of point sizes and the external font descriptions of the fonts that will be used for each point size For example the line lt 7 gt cmti7 means that if a seven point font in this particular family series shape 10 combination is required the external font file emti7 will be used There shouldn t be any spaces in this list except before at clauses and since end of line normally produces a space percent signs are used in the point size list to comment out those spaces ati0 95pt
40. files are for the AT Mittelbach Schopf font selection scheme and other IAT PX option files written and maintained by Mittelbach and Schopf They are used by various parts of the AjyS IATpX package but are not inherently part of the AjyS EATpX distri bution they are included at the present time because they have not yet become widely available in the United States B 1 Files maintained by the American Mathematical So ciety amslatex tex amslatex toc testart tex test bib testart bbl testbook tex pref tex chapi tex chap2 tex app tex testbook bbl amstex sty amstext sty amsbsy sty amsfonts sty amssymb sty This User s Guide describing the AjyS IATpX package and the auxiliary file for the table of contents A sample file illustrating the use of commands from the amstex option as well as the amsart documentstyle These files are sample files illustrating the use of the amsbook documentstyle The amstex documentstyle option Defines special AMS TEX structures like multiline display alignments with TFX syntax It is a copy of amstex tex version 2 0 modified as necessary to make it usable from within IAT px These are extra option files that can be used apart from the amstex option All except amssymb sty are in put by amstex sty The file amsbsy sty defines the boldsymbol command and the pmb command poor man s bold The file amstext sty defines the AMS TEX text command The files amsfonts s
41. fontsel files into the TeX Inputs folder in your Textures folder Copy the doc files into a separate folder named AMS LaTeX A 8 2 Creating a New Format Before making your new IAT pX format file there is one preliminary step you may need to take If there exists a file called lfonts tex anywhere in your Textures folder or subfolders rename it to something else let s say Old lfonts tex This is to prevent 1fonts tex from being automatically loaded before we have a chance to substitute another file in its place If you don t happen to know whether you have such a copy of lfonts tex you can just run through the installation procedure below if you see lfonts tex being loaded in the TeX log window and no dialog box pops up to say I can t read lfonts not found then you do have an old lfonts tex file and you ll need to track it down and rename it before trying again 1 Open the Textures folder if you haven t done so already 2 Start up Textures 3 Open the file lplain tex on the diskette 4 Go to the Typeset menu and make sure that the Plain format is marked as the current format L e it should have a check mark next to it 5 Select Typeset from the Typeset menu Informational messages will begin scrolling past in the TeX log window describing the progress of the format file creation At various points in the processing Teztures will inform you that it can t read various files Proceed as d
42. g the Mittelbach Schopf scheme the font names listed in an over full hbox message won t look the same as before Each font name will have the family series shape and size separated by slashes For example 10 point Computer Modern bold extended will appear as cmr bx n 10 Formerly it would have appeared as tenbf 5 8 Customization of fontdef files There are three fontdef files in the standard collection of AjyS ATpX files Two of them fontdef ori and fontdef max originated with Mittelbach and Sch pf while the third fontdef ams was produced at the AMS by adapting fontdef max Although these standard fontdef files will work reasonably well for most users it will often be to users advantage to make a customized fontdef file for their own use This is because two users chosen at random seldom have exactly the same collection of fonts unless they bought the same product at the same time from the same company Printer drivers that use bitmapped fonts usually in the form of PK files generally require a separate bitmap file for each size of each font so that a fairly frequent problem is for a particular user to be missing a few of the particular bitmaps needed for the fonts and sizes called for in a document The action taken by printer drivers when a font is not found varies from useful offering to substitute another font to not at all useful refusing entirely to print the document The Mittelbach Schopf font scheme o
43. h because sometimes it is advantageous to be able to smash only the top or only the bottom of something while retaining the natural depth or height For example to smash only the part of a subformula that extends below the baseline you would type smash b whatever 24 New BIFX environments 24 1 The cases environment Cases constructions like the following are common in mathematics fo if r j is odd Prog r 1 0 D if r j is even 5 and in the amstex option there is a cases environment begin equation P_ r j begin cases O amp text if r j is odd r 1 r j 2 text if r j is even end cases end equation Notice the use of text and the embedded math 24 2 Matrix In the creation of the amstex option AMS TE X s matrix could have been dis carded since IATpX s array environment has the same function But we wanted to keep AjyS TpX s pmatrix bmatrix vmatrix and Vmatrix commands with delimiters built in for consistency the basic matrix has been retained also It and the other matrix commands have been changed into IATpX environ ments that work like array except that they don t have an argument specifying the format of the columns Instead a default format is provided up to 10 cen tered columns The maximum number of columns is determined by the counter MaxMatrixCols which you can change if necessary using IATpX s setcounter or addtocounter
44. hat the format file will be saved into that folder Then enter AMS LaTeX as the name for the format file That completes the installation process the new format file can now be used by adding it to the format list with the Add Format command and then selecting it in the Typeset menu To test it try typesetting the sample document testart tex However if you do not plan to install the AMSFonts package along with AMS IAT FX see Section A 6 1 above A 8 3 Notes VirTEX Creating a ATEX format based on the Plain format involves some unnecessary overhead from Plain definitions and preloaded fonts that are not pertinent to IATpX Normally this extra overhead will not be a problem but if you want to avoid it Blue Sky Research the maker of Textures distributes a special Textures format called VirTpX that can be used instead of the Plain format in the installation procedure described above There is one change in the installation procedure you will need to load the file hyphen tex instead of bypassing it VirT X is not currently included in the standard Textures distribution because most users don t need it but is available on request from Blue Sky Research at 534 SW Third Avenue Portland OR 97204 800 622 8398 or 503 222 9571 B Files included in the AMS BTFX distribution The total number of files in the AMS IAT X package including documenta tion and option files is more than sixty A majority of these
45. hdotsfor or spaceinnerhdotsfor See Subsection 24 2 C 16 topsmash and botsmash These have been changed in the amstex option to square bracket options of the smash command See Subsection 23 C 17 spreadlines and other display options Some of the AMS TEX options used inside displays such as spreadlines and nopagebreak have been dropped For the most part their effect can be obtained by other means available in standard AT px C 18 The and command There is a name conflict between AjyS TpX s and and ATpX s and The function of AMS TEX s and can be obtained in the amstex option by using And 53 C 19 Global options There are several AjyS TpX commands that change the global setting of certain aspects of the document style For use with IATpX we ve done the natural thing which is to make them into ATpX documentstyle options see Section 27 These commands are TagsOnRight CenteredTagsOnSplits LimitsOnInts No LimitsOnNames and NoLimitsOnSums The corresponding opposites of these commands have been dropped because they describe the default conditions in the amstex option Because they seem to be of only marginal usefulness TagsAsMath and TagsAsText have been dropped completely D Memory statistics Combining all of AMS T X with all of IATpX even after eliminating redundan cies produces a large macro package that strains the current limits of personal computer versions of TeX After the zealous ap
46. he names of primitive control sequences and the names of all additional control sequences defined in the format file in our case the whole of TFX not to mention font names and file names Thus the reported value only measures the amount of string capacity that remains to the user after the format file is loaded This reported value should be at least 10000 for ordinary use and 20000 if memory expensive options such as amssymb or PICT X are to be made available to the user We recommend that the compiled value be at least 60000 The reported value for number of strings is reduced in the same way so that the recommended minimum value for compilation is 5000 56 Table 7 Recommended capacities Capacity Category Adequate Generous WEB variable strings 15000 max_strings string characters 120000 pool_size macro string pool 90000 string vacancies main memory 1380000 main_mem control sequences 7000 hash_size font information 120000 font_mem_size number of fonts 256 font_max input buffer 2000 buf_size save stack 5000 save_size The number of string characters left for macro packages and user commands after all primitives and built in error messages have been loaded i e the total number of string characters available for a format file and individual documents using that format file 57 E Getting help Comments or questions on the AMS ATpFX package should be sent to American Mathematical Society Technical Suppor
47. hese symbols exist in the AMSFonts math symbol fonts which presumably you have if you used basefont tex and they can be defined using newsymbol See the AMSFonts User s Guide After quite a bit of further processing you will wind up at a prompt whereupon you should type dump and return You will then have a file called lplain fmt Depending on your implementation of TEX this file may be auto matically placed in the directory where T X looks for format files or it may be in the currently connected directory If the latter is true you must copy it to the directory where TEX will look for format files see your T X s documentation for the name of that directory 44 You might also want to copy the transcript file lplain log into the directory with the format file for future reference A 6 Using the new format file The test files testart tex and testbook tex in the doc subdirectory are useful for testing your new lplain fmt format file These are examples using the amsart and amsbook documentstyles To do this follow the instructions for using a format file with your imple mentation of TeX With PCT X and many other implementations of TeX the command would be tex amp lplain testart tex or testbook tex although it may be different for your implementation A 6 1 Math fonts The amstex option assumes the use of the math symbol fonts MSAM and MSBM from the AMSFonts package If you do not already have these instal
48. ine 2 Addresses including current address and e mail address will be associated with the nearest preceding author command to determine where they should be printed Author names and addresses typed in the standard IATpX format will still print fine without error messages but the addresses may not fall in the proper place at the end of the document in the amsart style 31 7 2 Numbers and punctuation in italic text Mathematical typesetting poses a problem that rarely arises in nonmathematical typesetting In mathematical formulas for consistency parentheses and other punctuation as well as numbers are always set in an upright font rather than varying with the surrounding text But then when a math formula with non italic numbers and punctuation occurs in the middle of italicized text e g in a theorem with italic numbers and punctuation nearby the visual discrepancy rises up to smite the reader in the eye Consider the following example 38 Proposition 1 1 fr m 7 are horocyclic coordinates on T T then the plumbing coordinates defined in 7 3 t t1 ta are coordinates on the quotient space 2 We have Do G T L hence Do G is a domain of holomorphy Therefore it is conventional in mathematical publishing to use the same upright style for numbers and punctuation in italic text as is used in the math ematics 1 The quotient space in 7 3 t t1 ta and 2 We have Do G T T
49. ion 5 Basic concepts In normal use the ordinary IATpX commands rm it tt bf are defined in terms of more primitive commands family etc and still function in much the same way as before Knowledge of the more primitive commands will not be essential except in documentstyle design or similar tasks The Mittelbach Schopf font selection scheme classifies fonts based on the attributes shape series size and family Each attribute can be changed in dependently using the commands shape series size and family For example to change the family attribute to emr Computer Modern roman the command would be family cmr Note that these commands do not actually select the new font because it s not uncommon for you to want to change several attributes at a time before actually switching to the new font The command for putting the new attributes into effect is selectfont For example if the current font is family cmr size 10 12 10 point type with 12 point baselineskip series m medium weight and width and shape it italic then the command family cmtt shape n selectfont would switch to a Computer Modern typewriter font in the normal i e up right shape The size and series values used in the selection of the new font would remain the same as before 5 1 Shape The shape attribute is either normal n italic it small caps sc slanted or sloped s1 or upright italic u The first three of the
50. ired among them each one is centered separately between the left and right margins 25 3 The alignat environment The align environment takes up the whole width of a display If you want to have several align type structures side by side there is an alignat environ ment you can use There is one required argument to specify the number of align structures The xalignat and xxalignat environments are forms of the alignat environment with expanded spacing between the component align structures If we consider each align structure to be a column xalignat has equal spacing between columns and at the margins xxalignat has equal spac ing between columns and zero spacing at the margins See testart tex for examples 25 4 The multline environment The multline environment is a variation of the equation environment used for equations that don t fit on a single line The first line of a multline will be at the left margin and the last line at the right margin except for an indention on For an argument of n the number of amp s per line is 2n 1 one ampersand for align ment within each align structure and ampersands to separate the align structures from one another 27 both sides whose amount is equal to multlinegap The value of multlinegap can be changed using IATpX s setlength and addtolength commands If the multline contains more than two lines any lines other than the first and last will be centered i
51. ith their corresponding abbreviations for use with the series command Examples series ux selectfont Switches to an ultra expanded version of the current font series sbc selectfont Switches to a semibold condensed version of the current font series m selectfont Switches to a medium weight medium width version of the current font Only two series changes are common enough to require abbreviations bf and mediumseries are abbreviations for respectively series bx selectfont series m selectfont or in other words bold and not bold Table 1 Font weights and widths and their abbreviations For use in the series command combine the weight and width abbreviations dropping any m s for medium except in the case where both weight and width are medium then use a single m Examples Ultra Bold Condensed ubc Medium Con densed c Ultra Light Ultra Condensed Extra Light Extra Condensed Light Condensed Semilight Semicondensed Medium normal Medium Semibold Semiexpanded Bold Expanded Extra Bold Extra Expanded Ultra Bold Ultra Expanded 5 3 Size Because a change in font size is usually accompanied by a change in baselineskip the size command is designed to take two arguments the new size and the new baselineskip To switch to 14 point type with a baselineskip of 18 points the command would be size 14 18pt selectfont All the usual IAT pX size changing commands from tiny to
52. just for that theorem and make it unnumbered newtheorem kthm Klein s Theorem renewcommand thekthm This will give the normal format for a theorem in all respects except the auto matic numbering 31 6 Proofs A predefined pf environment and a starred form pf are provided for proofs and produce the heading Proof with appropriate spacing and punctuation The proof environment is primarily intended for short proofs less than a page in length longer proofs should probably be done as a separate section or subsection in your document A Q E D symbol O is automatically appended at the end of a proof To substitute a different end of proof symbol use renewcommand to redefine the command gedsymbol For a long proof that doesn t use the pf environment you can obtain the symbol and the usual amount of preceding space by using qed Placement of the qedsymbol can be problematic if the last part of a pf environment is a displayed equation or list environment or something of that nature Reasonably good results can generally be obtained by using qed at the appropriate spot and then undefining ged before the end of the proof The effect will be automatically localized to the current proof by normal ATpX scoping rules For example begin pf beginfequation G t L gamma t gamma t delta eta t qed endfequation renewcommand qed end pf The starred form pf of the proof environment takes an
53. lable Several new documentstyle options have been created About half of them have to do with the positioning of limits or tags The abbreviation of the names reflects the MS DOS limitation of eight characters for file names which we need to allow for nosumlim No limits on sums intlim Limits on integrals nonamelm No limits on operatornames ctagsplt Vertically centered tags on the split environment righttag Equation tags on the right Some of the component parts of the amstex option are also available indi vidually that is they can be used in the options list of the documentstyle command amstext defines text amsbsy defines boldsymbol and pmb amsfonts defines frak and Bbb and sets up the fonts MSAM extra math symbols A MSBM extra math symbols B and blackboard bold EUFM Euler Fraktur as well as extra sizes of CMMIB bold math italic and bold lower Case Greek and cmBsy bold math symbols and bold script for use in mathematics This requires the AMS Fonts package version 2 0 Another option amssymb defines names for all the symbols in the AMS math symbol fonts It can be used with or without the amstex option Like the amsfonts option it requires version 2 0 of the AMSFonts package 27 1 Comments A new verbatim style option written by Rainer Sch pf and distributed along with the AMS HTFX package provides a comment environment anything you write between begin comment and end comment is tot
54. ldefault 8 smallmatrix 51 smallmatrix environment 25 smash 23 24 53 something 2 Sp environment 25 spacehdotsfor 53 spaceinnerhdotsfor 53 split 53 split environment 27 28 31 49 spreadlines 53 ssize 51 sssize 51 stackrel 21 subjclass 34 substOfontshape 12 syntaxonly 32 syntonly option 32 tabular environment 32 tag 27 31 32 tag 27 TagsAsMath 54 TagsAsText 54 TagsOnRight 54 tbinom 23 tenbf 9 test bib 48 testart bbl 48 testart tex 1 18 23 26 27 47 48 testbook bbl 48 testbook tex 1 48 TeX formats 47 TeX Inputs 46 TeX inputs 47 TeX log 46 text 2 13 21 24 31 48 textstyle 51 Textures 46 textwidth 50 tfrac 22 thanks 34 39 thebibliography environment 35 theorem option 36 theorem doc 49 theorem sty 49 theorembodyfont 36 theoremheaderfont 36 theoremstyle 36 thickfrac 52 thickfracwithdelims 52 thickspace 18 thinspace 18 tiny 6 title 34 35 topspace 53 translator 34 tsize 51 tt 4 7 8 13 underleftarrow 18 underleftrightarrow 18 underrightarrow 18 underset 21 unlhd 44 unrhd 44 uproot 20 varinjlim 22 varliminf 22 varlimsup 22 varprojlim 22 verbatim environment 49 verbatim option 31 52 verbatim doc 31 49 verbatim sty 49 Vmatrix 24 vmatrix 24 vspace 53 widehat 20 widetilde 20 xalignat environment 27 xxalignat environment 27
55. led and attempt to use A yS IATpX without them error messages will be generated at the beginning of every document when IAT X attempts to load the MSAM and MSBM fonts Although you can continue beyond the error messages with no ill effect on your document a more convenient solution is to obtain just the TFM files TEX font metric files for the MSAM and MSBM fonts and install them on your system This takes up relatively little space perhaps 20K compared to the full AMSFonts package A 7 Using the old format file Some of your old IATpX files may be incompatible with the new format file If you find this to be the case you can ordinarily typeset such a file by adding oldlfont to the documentstyle options list Alternatively of course you could use the old IXTpX format file instead of the new one Assuming you saved the previous lplain fmt file under the name olplain fmt you would use amp Xolplain instead of amp Iplain in the command line A 8 amp Installation for use with Textures Users of Textures on the Macintosh do not need to use Ini TFX in a sense IniTFX and ordinary TeX are both contained in the Textures program Format files can be produced by running Textures in the ordinary way and inputting the desired macro files 45 A 8 1 Putting the Files in the Right Place gt The AajS lATpX package has three main subdivisions doc inputs and fontsel Copy all the doc and
56. manuscripts AMS HTFX 2 33 31 The amsart documentstyle 31 1 Top matter We use the term top matter for the information found at the beginning of an article such as the title author addresses and abstract Compared to the standard article documentstyle the amsart documentstyle has a significantly expanded top matter section IATpX s article style provides title author thanks date and an abstract environment The complete list of top matter commands provided by the amsart style is title keywords author subjclass address curraddr email translator dedicatory thanks date All of these commands should precede the maketitle command If the abstract environment is used it should follow immediately after maketitle The address current address e mail address and translator information print at the end of the document the key words subject classification and thanks information print as footnotes at the bottom of the first page of the document An author command should be used for each individual author when a paper has multiple authors Things like address curraddr email and thanks that pertain only to one author should be placed after the author command that they go with and before any other author commands The AMS custom is to list author names in alphabetical order See Author names and addresses in section 31 7 1 for further details In giving an e mail address remember that charac
57. mation that helps explain why some things are handled the way they are 3 Major components of the AMS BTFX package The first major part of the Aj4S IATpX package is an extensive modification of AMS TFEX 2 0 that allows it to be used in IATpX as a documentstyle option In other words if you are writing an article your documentstyle declaration should look like this documentstyleLamstex article The second major part of the AMS IATFX package is a pair of documentstyles called amsart and amsbook parallel to IAT X s article and book which are designed to be used in preparing manuscripts for submission to the AMS There is nothing to prohibit their use for other purposes some users have said that they like using these documentstyles even when they don t intend to submit their manuscripts to the AMS just because they find the general design pleasing When the amsart and amsbook style files are used the amstex option will be automatically included so that the documentstyle declarations would simply be documentstylefamsart or documentstylef amsbook The analog in AMS T X of the amsart documentstyle is the documentstyle amsppt AMS preprint In amsart and amsbook the document structure commands of the amsppt style described in Appendix A of the Joy of TEX have been superseded by their ATX equivalents where equivalents existed and otherwise have been reimplemented in AT pX form The bibliography commands described in Appe
58. mple switch whose scope is bounded by curly braces a math font command in AMS T X is a command with one argument This means that in AMS IAT X to obtain a single bold letter in math you type bold A rather than bf A and two bold letters would be typed bold A bold B instead of bf AB A similar distinction between text accents and math accents already existed in JATpX Having the font command apply only to a single letter in this way is more natural in math formulas because letters are usually single variables rather than components of a word and different fonts are mixed in all combinations four consecutive letters might be from four different fonts The full list of math font commands in the amstex option is mathrm bold cal with the addition of frak Fraktur and Bbb blackboard bold if AMS Fonts are available Math italic the default font for letters in math also has a name mit but this is never needed in ordinary use Tables 3 and 4 give a comprehensive listing of font change commands for convenient reference To gain access to a new math alphabet you use the newmathalphabet command in the preamble of your document If you have the AMSFonts 2 0 package for example and you want to use Russian letters in math taking them from the University of Washington Cyrillic fonts then you need to find out the family name assigned to the fonts and the shapes and weights available See Table 5 to see what family names are i
59. ncluded in the standard font definition file fontdef max If you made a custom fontdef file to match your available fonts look in that file to find the information If you are running IATpX at a larger institution where some technical person has been assigned to handle arcane font matters you may need to consult that person 12 Table 3 Font commands used in text Font command Equivalent Font selected normalshape shape n normal upright roman it shape it italic em shape it emphasis sl shape sl slanted sc shape sc small caps mediumseries series m medium weight bf series bx bold extended weight tt familyfcmtt typewriter style sf family fcmss sans serif rm family cmr roman The command em selects shape it if the current font is upright otherwise it selects shape n normal Table 4 Font commands used in math bold Used to obtain bold letters from the English alphabet boldsymbol Used to obtain bold numbers and other nonalphabetic symbols as well as bold Greek letters pmb Poor man s bold used for math symbols when bold versions don t exist in the currently available fonts cal Calligraphic letters Only uppercase is available mit Math italic This font is automatically selected in math mode so the command mit is not needed in normal use mathrm Roman normal shape Note most of the time text or operatorname should be used instead of mathrm to produce thi
60. nd Sp environments 00 24 4 Commutative diagrams 2 000 008 25 Alignment structures for equations 25 1 The align environment 00000 25 2 The gather environment ooa 25 3 The alignat environment ooa a 25 4 The multline environment 00 25 5 The split environment 0 0008 25 6 Alignment environments that don t constitute an entire display 25 7 Vertical spacing and page breaks in the amstex equation structures 25 8 The intertext command 2 0 0 25 9 Equation numbering 25 10Error messages 26 Miscellaneous 27 New documentstyle options available 27 1 Comments 27 2 Syntax checking ii 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 26 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 28 Protecting fragile commands 32 29 Differences the IATpX user should note 32 IV The amsart and amsbook documentstyles 33 30 General remarks 33 31 The amsart documentstyle 34 31 1 Top matter 2 2 0 0 0 00000000 00000 20008 34 31 2 Memory conservation measures 0000 34 31 3 Running heads 2 35 31 4 Non English versions of automatically generated text 0 35 31 5 Theorems definitions and similar structures 36 31 6 Proofs 2 0 002002 e 37 31 7 Miscellaneous notes 2 0 0 00 2002000000004 38 31 7 1 Variations from standard ATpxX 2
61. ndividually between the margins 25 5 The split environment Like multline the split environment is for single equations that are too long to fit on one line and hence must be split into multiple lines Unlike multline however the split environment provides for alignment among the split lines using amp to mark alignment points as usual In addition unlike the other amstex equation structures the split environment provides no numbering because it is intended to be used only inside some other displayed equation structure usually an equation align or gather environment which provides the numbering 25 6 Alignment environments that don t constitute an en tire display In addition to the split environment there are some other equation alignment environments that do not constitute an entire display They are self contained units that can be used inside of other formulas or set side by side The envi ronment names are aligned gathered and alignedat These environments take an optional argument to specify their vertical positioning with respect to the material on either side The default is c A gathered environment with the first line level with the material on either side would be done like this begin gathered t NN end gathered 25 7 Vertical spacing and page breaks in the amstex equa tion structures You can use the dimension command to get extra vertical space be tween lines in all the amstex displayed equa
62. ndix C of the Joy of TfX have been dropped in favor of BIBTEX partly because this saves a significant amount of memory Part II Font considerations 4 The font selection scheme of Mittelbach and Schopf In order to provide not only access to the AMSFonts currently available but a general reliable mechanism for making new math fonts accessible to the user the Society enlisted Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Schopf to adapt their recently developed font selection scheme to accommodate the needs of the AjyS IATpX project This new scheme has a couple of distinctive features 1 fonts even math fonts need not be preloaded but can be loaded on demand 2 font switches work a bit differently attributes are independent and only one is changed at a time In IATpX terms this means that for example pbf Large has the same effect as Large bf At the present time the files for the new font selection scheme are being dis tributed along with the A yS IATpX package with the permission of Mittelbach and Schopf in the future the new scheme is slated to become an official part of IATpX in place of the current scheme A detailed description of the workings of the font selection scheme can be found in an article by Mittelbach and Schopf that appeared in TUGboat June 1990 vol 11 no 2 The new font family selection user interface to standard I amp TpX 5 If you don t have access to that article see the file fontsel tex in the fontsel distribut
63. ndmatrix 2 endsomething 2 eqnarray environment 26 28 32 51 eqref 30 equation environment 26 28 51 family 4 7 8 13 fbox 20 figure environment 53 figures 53 fleqn option 33 floating environments 53 floats 53 foldedtext 52 fontdef ams 9 47 fontdef max 8 10 12 47 50 54 fontdef ori 9 12 47 fontsel tex 4 footnote 50 52 format 51 frac 22 23 52 fracwithdelims 23 52 frak 12 13 16 31 gather environment 27 28 gathered environment 28 haswidth 52 Hat 19 hat 19 hdotsfor 25 53 hspace 52 Huge 6 33 huge 33 hyphen tex 46 47 idotsint 18 iiiint 18 iiint 18 iint 18 innerhdotsfor 53 intertext 29 intlim option 31 49 intlim sty 49 it 4 5 13 italic 50 itdefault 8 Join 44 keywords 34 labrea stanford edu 41 LARGE 33 Large 33 large 33 latex tex 41 lcfrac 23 ldots 19 leadsto 44 leftroot 20 lfonts new 44 47 50 lfonts tex 46 62 lhd 44 lim 22 LimitsOnInts 54 loadmsam 16 loadmsbm 16 log 22 lplain tex 46 maketitle 34 39 markboth 32 markright 32 mathrm 12 13 32 50 matrix 2 24 51 matrix environment 51 mbox 21 mediumseries 5 13 medspace 18 mho 44 midspace 50 53 mit 12 13 mod 22 mrabbrev bib 40 49 msam 33 msbm 33 multline environment 27 28 multlinegap 28 negmedspace 18 negthickspace 18 negthinspace 18 newOfontsha
64. on your particular system see the file fontdef max for more details and also section 5 8 In addition to the family defaults there are defaults for some other font attributes bfdefault itdefault scdefault and sldefault These give further control over fonts I e if you wanted to have all the slanted fonts in a document come out in italic it could be done like this renewcommand sldefault it The normal values for these defaults are bfdefault bx itdefault it scdefault sc sldefault sl Notice that by default bold fonts come from the Bold Expanded series rather than the Bold series A comparison of the bold Computer Modern fonts provided in standard distributions of T X shows why Bold Expanded cmbxs18 cmbx5 cmbx9 cmbxsl10 cmbx6 cmbxi0 cmbxti7 cmbx7 cmbxi2 cmbxti1O cmbx8 5 6 The oldlfont option When the Mittelbach Schopf font selection scheme is in use emulation of the old font selection scheme can be obtained by adding the option oldl1font to the documentstyle options list When the oldlfont option is used size changing commands return to normal shape and medium series in addition to changing the font size rm gives normal shape and medium series tt gives the normal shape and medium series of the typewriter font and sf gives the normal shape and medium series of sans serif 5 7 Warnings Many combinations of font attributes are not available at the present time be cause the corresponding fon
65. pe 11 newcommand 16 20 51 newlfont sty 47 50 54 newmathalphabet 12 newsymbol 16 17 44 48 newtheorem 29 36 37 nolimits 21 NoLimitsOnNames 54 NoLimitsOnSums 54 nonamelm option 31 49 nonamelm sty 49 nonumber 32 nopagebreak 53 normalshape 5 9 13 normalsize 33 54 nosumlim option 31 49 nosumlim sty 49 notag 27 32 number 1 numberwithin 29 Old 1lfonts tex 46 oldlfont option 8 oldlfont sty 47 openbib option 33 operatorname 13 22 26 operatornamewithlimits 22 overleftarrow 18 overleftrightarrow 18 overrightarrow 18 overset 21 pagebreak 28 50 pagewidth 50 parbox 52 pf environment 37 pf environment 37 picture environment 26 Plain 46 47 plain 36 40 plain bibliography style 40 pmatrix 24 pmatrix environment 51 pmb 13 16 31 48 pmod 22 pod 22 pref tex 48 preload med 47 preload min 47 50 54 preload ori 47 pretend 52 protect 32 ged 37 gedsymbol 37 rcfrac 23 ref 39 63 refname 35 renewcommand 7 35 37 rhd 44 righttag option 31 49 righttag sty 49 rm 4 5 7 8 18 16 32 51 rom 39 roman 50 Sb environment 25 sc 5 13 scdefault 8 scriptscriptstyle 51 scriptstyle 51 section 32 38 selectfont 4 series 4 5 13 setcounter 24 setlength 28 sf 7 8 13 shape 4 13 sideset 21 sin 22 size 4 6 s1 5 13 50 51 slanted 50 slash 30 s
66. phy style 40 amsplain bst 49 amsppt 53 amsppt documentstyle 3 52 amssymb option 17 31 54 56 amssymb sty 48 amstex option 1 3 12 15 33 45 48 50 52 56 amstex sty 48 amstex tex 48 amstext option 31 55 amstext sty 48 And 53 and 53 app tex 48 array environment 24 32 51 article documentstyle 3 33 34 54 55 author 34 35 38 babel sty 35 basefont tex 47 Bbb 12 13 16 31 begin 2 51 bf 4 5 18 32 51 bfdefault 8 bibname 35 Big 30 big 30 Bigg 30 bigg 30 binom 23 bmatrix 24 bmod 22 bold 12 13 15 32 boldkey 51 boldmath 15 16 boldsymbo1 13 15 16 31 48 51 book documentstyle 3 33 Box 44 boxed 20 cal 12 13 16 caption 32 53 captionwidth 53 cases environment 24 CD environment 26 cdots 19 CenteredTagsOnSplits 54 cfrac 23 chap1 tex 48 chap2 tex 48 chapter 38 cite 50 cmbsy 33 cmmib 33 emti7 11 comment 52 comment environment 31 49 52 ctagsplt option 31 49 ctagsplt sty 49 curraddr 34 cy 15 date 34 dbinom 23 61 ddddot 20 dddot 20 ddot 20 dedicatory 34 dfrac 22 Diamond 44 dimension 1 23 displaybreak 28 52 displaystyle 51 document 50 documentstyle 3 31 dot 20 dots 18 19 dotsb 19 dotsc 19 dotsi 19 dotsm 19 dsize 51 dump 44 47 e MATH AMS com 41 em 13 email 34 End 26 end 2 19 51 e
67. ple title page with the title and author subject classification numbers abstract or key words if supplied will print on the following page The style is rather plain because it s not intended for actual publication its purpose is to make it convenient for authors to provide the necessary information to a publisher For submissions to the American Mathematical Society please provide as a minimum the following information title author addresses mathematics subject classification numbers translator if applicable and acknowledgments of funding support thanks 39 32 2 Running heads Right hand running heads in the amsbook style contain the text of the current section heading left hand running heads contain the current chapter title For special chapters such as a preface or bibliography that don t have sections the right running head will be the same as the left Square bracket options can be used as normal to change the text used for running heads 33 Bibliography styles for use with BIBTEX The AqyS lAT pX distribution includes two bibliography styles amsplain and amsalpha analogous to the standard IAT X plain and alpha bibliography styles In the AMS styles an extra field language is provided for giving the original language of a reference as an indication to the reader that the title author name and so on are translated Also included is a file mrabbrev bib containing standardized abbreviations used by Ma
68. plication of efficiency measures the current version of AMS IATFX is probably more compact than anyone antic ipated nevertheless for some documents and some implementations of TEX it will still be too big to run Among other things a large number of bibliography items cross references or personal definitions will tend to cause an overrun in a particular area of T X s memory the maximum limit on the number of control sequence names Also you are more likely to run out of main memory if your document includes a large table or PicT X diagram For those who might be interested in the details Table 6 shows mem ory statistics from IAT pX runs using various combinations of option files from the AqyS IATpX distribution For comparison purposes the statistics in the first column are from a sample run using the current standard IAT X with out the Mittelbach Schopf font scheme with the article documentstyle and the last column representative maxima shows the available memory in each category in the implementation of TEX used for testing VAX VMS Version 2 98a 0 AMS The test document used in each case was a medium size ar ticle with about 20 bibliography entries 50 author defined commands and 50 cross reference labels It can be seen that in all of the tests with the amstex option loaded the upper limit of 65500 words of main memory is nearly exceeded And use of the amssymb option in the fourth test would cause control sequen
69. preparation system Addison Wesley 1985 Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Schopf The new font family selection user interface to standard IATpX TUGboat 11 no 2 June 1990 pp 297 305 Michael Spivak The joy of TFX 2nd ed American Mathematical Society Providence R I 1990 59 Index 18 7 30 18 52 18 at sign 32 34 18 18 lt lt lt 26 52 gt gt gt 26 52 AAA 26 eVVV 26 27 28 52 30 abstract environment 34 abstractname 35 accentedsymbol 20 addcontentsline 32 address 34 38 addtocontents 32 addtocounter 24 53 addtolength 28 adjustfootnotemark 52 align 53 align environment 27 28 alignat environment 27 aligned environment 28 alignedat environment 28 allowdisplaybreaks 28 29 alpha 40 alpha bibliography style 40 AMS LaTeX 46 47 amsalpha 40 amsalpha bibliography style 40 amsalpha bst 49 amsart documentstyle 3 9 33 36 38 39 50 54 56 amsart option 48 amsart doc 49 amsart sty 49 amsart10 doc 49 60 amsart10 sty 49 amsartii sty 49 amsarti2 sty 49 amsbk10 doc 49 amsbk10 sty 49 amsbook documentstyle 3 9 33 35 36 38 40 50 55 56 amsbook option 48 amsbook doc 49 amsbook sty 49 amsbsy option 31 55 amsbsy sty 48 amscd option 21 25 26 49 52 amscd sty 49 amsfonts option 16 31 55 amsfonts sty 48 amslatex tex 1 48 amslatex toc 48 amsplain 40 amsplain bibliogra
70. quare bracket option of the frac com mand frac dimension makes a fraction where the thickness of the horizontal rule is determined by the given dimension The sample file testart tex shows an example using a thickness of 1 5pt fracwithdelims left delimiter right delimiter dimension is an exten sion of the same idea with delimiters on either side specified by the user For binomial expressions such as z amstex has binom dbinom and tbinom binom is an abbreviation for fracwithdelims Opt After you have installed AMS IATFX you can typeset and print the sample file testart tex to see examples of frac and binom 22 Continued fractions The continued fraction v2 a can be obtained by typing cfrac i sqrt 2 cfrac i sqrt 2 cfrac i sqrt 2 cfrac i sqrt 2 cfrac i sqrt 2 dotsb 33 Left or right placement of any of the numerators is accomplished by using lcfrac or rcfrac instead of cfrac 23 Smash options The plain TEX command smash is used to typeset a subformula and give it an effective height and depth of zero which is sometimes useful in adjusting the subformula s position with respect to adjacent symbols In amstex there are 2The perceptive reader may wonder why this command is necessary when you can type things like left frac right The answer is that fracwithdelims provides slightly better spacing 23 optional arguments t and b for smas
71. s font in math frak Euler Fraktur alphabet Bbb Blackboard bold alphabet Only uppercase is available 13 Table 5 Font name assignments made in fontdef max Family Series Shape Computer Modern Roman M slanted M italic M small caps M upright italic M bold M bold extended M bold extended slanted M bold extended italic M sans serif M sans serif slanted M sans serif semibold condensed M sans serif bold extended M typewriter M typewriter italic M typewriter slanted M typewriter small caps M math italic M bold math italic M math symbols M bold math symbols lATpX extra symbols IATpX bold extra symbols AMS extra symbols A AMS extra symbols B Euler fraktur Euler fraktur bold Euler roman aqaaqaqaaqqnqnaqaagaaqqgqaaqqaaag Euler bold roman Euler script Euler bold script Euler math extension symbols University of Washington Cyrillic UW Cyrillic italic UW Cyrillic small caps UW Cyrillic bold UW Cyrillic sans serif Concrete Roman Concrete italic Concrete small caps Concrete condensed slanted Concrete math italic n n n n n n n n n n n n n n it SAY OB BS Suppose then that the family name for the University of Washington fonts is UWCyr Decide on the name of the command you d like to use for Cyrillic let s say cy In the preamble area of your document add the line newmathalphabet cy UWCyr m n Thenceforth cy A cy d and so on will give you a Russian A d or
72. se are the shapes that were typically found together in the same font case in the days of man ual typesetting The latter two are somewhat unusual variant shapes that are present in the Computer Modern fonts The command to switch to a particular shape say sc without changing other font attributes would be shape sc selectfont but there are abbreviations for the most common shape changes sc it sl and normalshape These are the same as in the previous font selection scheme except for normalshape which may be understood as a replacement for rm In the new font selection scheme rm is a family changing command not a shape changing command If you are dismayed at the prospect of typing many instances of normalshape which is obviously much longer than rm you needn t be As you will see many former uses of rm especially in mathe matics are better handled by other means With astute use of grouping most documents can be done without using normalshape at all 5 2 Series The series attribute is actually a combination of two related attributes weight and width The font charts of type manufacturers typically show weights of light medium and bold and widths of condensed medium and expanded with intermediate and extreme variations such as semibold extra bold and ultra bold The full list of the weights and widths allowed for in the Mittelbach Schopf scheme are as shown in Table 1 adapted from Table 1 in 5 along w
73. t P O Box 6248 Providence RI 02940 Phone 800 321 4AMS 321 4267 or 401 455 4080 Internet tech support Math AMS com If you are reporting a problem you should include the following information 1 the source file either in electronic form or printed where the problem occurred preferably with irrelevant material removed 2 a TFX transcript log file showing the error message if applicable and the version numbers of the documentstyle and option files being used E 1 Further information Information about obtaining the AMSFonts or other TpX related software from the AMS Internet archive ee MATH ams com can be obtained by sending a re quest through electronic mail to e math math ams com The T X Users Group is a nonprofit organization that publishes a journal TUGboat holds meetings and offers other services to members TEX Users Group P O Box 9506 Providence RI 02940 Phone 401 751 7760 Internet TUG Math AMS com Membership in the T X User s Group is a good way to support continued development of T X related public domain software References 1 AMSFonts version 2 0 user s guide American Mathematical Society Prov idence R I 1990 distributed with the AMSFonts package 2 Guidelines for preparing electronic manuscripts AMS ATpX American Mathematical Society Providence R I 1990 58 Donald Knuth The TpXbook Addison Wesley 1984 Leslie Lamport IATpX A document
74. t available in the current font in addition to the cal font the Bbb and frak fonts don t contain accents In ordinary IXT PX uppercase Greek can be made bold by e g bf Gamma In the amstex option uppercase Greek can be made bold only by using boldsymbol in other words uppercase Greek is handled the same as low ercase Greek 7 The command newsymbol The command newsymbol is presently used only for symbols from the AMS extra symbol fonts MSAM and MSBM newsymbol allows you to create a control sequence that will properly produce a symbol from the extra symbol fonts The use of newsymbol is explained in the AMSFonts User s Guide In a IaTpX document there is one main difference in usage which is only applicable if you want to use AMSFonts without using the amstex option instead of us ing the additional setting up commands loadmsam and loadmsbm you should put amsfonts in the documentstyle options list Otherwise newsymbol com mands can be used exactly as shown in the AMSFonts User s Guide Like newcommand s they should be placed in the preamble The amsfonts option is geared to the current release of AMSFonts version 2 0 In this version some rearranging has been done and some font names are different than in earlier versions If you have an earlier version you would need to contact the AMS for an upgrade to version 2 0 in order to use the amsfonts option successfully See Appendix E for information on how
75. t it makes it easy for the user to typeset mathematics while taking care of the many details necessary to make the output satisfy the high standards of mathematical publishing It provides a predefined set of natural commands such as matrix and text that make complicated mathematics reasonably convenient to type These commands incorporate the typesetting experience and standards of the American Mathematical Society to handle problematic possibilities without burdening the user matrices within matrices or a word of text within a subscript and so on AmS TeX unlike IATpX does not have certain features that are very con venient for authors automatic numbering that adjusts to addition or deletion of material being the primary one There are also labor saving ways provided in ATRX for preparing such items as indexes bibliographies tables and simple diagrams These features are such a convenience for authors that the use of IaTpX spread rapidly in the mid 80s a reasonably mature version of IATpX was available by the end of 1983 and the American Mathematical Society began to be asked by its authors to accept electronic submissions in IATpXx The obvious question to ask was whether the strengths of AMS T X could be combined with the strengths of IAT X and in 1987 the American Mathematical Society began to investigate the possibility of doing just that Work on the AMS BT FX project was carried out over the next three years by Romesh Kum
76. takes rather a lot of typing you would usually put some definitions in the preamble of the form newcommand bpi boldsymbol pi newcommand binfty boldsymbol infty for any bold symbols you re going to use frequently For some math symbols boldsymbol will not have any effect because bold versions of those symbols do not exist in the currently available fonts These include extension symbols and large operator symbols from the font CMEX as 15 well as the AMS extra math symbols from the fonts MSAM and MSBM Poor man s bold pmb can be used for some of the things that aren t handled properly by boldsymbol It works by typesetting several copies of the symbol with slight offsets With large operators and extension symbols however pmb does not currently work very well because the proper spacing and treatment of limits is not preserved To make an entire math formula bold or as much of it as possible depending on the available fonts use boldmath preceding the formula as described in the IATpX manual The sequence bf hat a in ordinary IATpX or bold hat a in the amstex option produces a bold accent character over the a as you would expect However combinations like cal hatfa will not work in ordinary IATpX because the cal font does not have its own accents In the amstex option the font change commands are defined in such a way that accent characters will be taken from the rm font if they are no
77. ters should be doubled in order for them to print properly For submissions to the American Mathematical Society please provide as a minimum the following information title author addresses mathematics subject classification numbers translator if applicable and acknowledgments of funding support thanks 31 2 Memory conservation measures To free up valuable memory commands that are needed only at the beginning of a document are undefined when they are no longer needed This includes the top matter commands title author etc and the abstract environment 34 31 3 Running heads Running heads on odd numbered pages right hand pages in the amsart style contain the text of the article title and on even numbered pages they contain the author s name If the title is too long to fit within the page width a shorter version for the running head text can be specified with a square bracket option of the title command title Short Version Here Long Version of the Title Here Perhaps with Multiple Lines The author command has also been given the same kind of square bracket option 31 4 Non English versions of automatically generated text If the base language of an article is some language other than English the user may wish to change some pieces of text that are generated automati cally To change Abstract to R sum use renewcommand to redefine abstractname renewcommand abstractname R esum
78. thematical Reviews for journal names in the mathematical sciences and related fields Because the full list is too big to be handled by the cur rent version of BIBTEX individual users should use it as a resource extracting abbreviations for the journals that they cite in their particular bibliography database and adding them to their database 40 Part V Appendixes A Installation instructions A 1 Introduction Ayys lAT eX can be used with any standard implementation of TEX See Subsec tion D 1 for a listing of recommended TFX capacities for using this package All the files for A S IATpX can be obtained by anonymous FTP from the AMS In ternet archive e MATH AMS com IP number 130 44 1 100 June 1991 They are also included at no charge with many of the commercial versions of T X If you do not have a recent version of the file latex tex then you may have difficulty using the AMS IATFX package Checking the version number is not sufficient because there have been several releases called Version 2 09 the version number is not changed for mere bug fixes or internal improvements but only when the change to IATPX requires a corresponding change in the ATpx manual There is however a date that is printed on the terminal screen after the version number whenever you run IAT pX Problems have been reported with versions dated as late as August 1988 The latest version as of June 1991 has a date of January 14 1991 A date of lt 24 M
79. tion environments as is usual in laTpX Unlike eqnarray the amstex environments don t allow page breaks between lines unless displaybreak or allowdisplaybreaks is used The philosophy is that page breaks in such situations should receive individual attention from the author displaybreak must go before the where it is supposed to take effect Like IAT X s pagebreak displaybreak takes an optional argument between 0 and 4 denoting the desirability of the page break displaybreak 0 means it is permissible to break here without 28 encouraging a break displaybreak with no optional argument is the same as displaybreak 4 and forces a break There is also an optional argument for allowdisplaybreaks allow displaybreaks obeys the usual IATpX scoping rules the normal way of limiting its scope would be to put allowdisplaybreaks at the beginning and at the end of the desired range Within the scope of an allowdisplaybreaks command the command can be used to prohibit a pagebreak as usual 25 8 The intertext command The command intertext is used for a short interjection of one or two lines of text in the middle of a display alignment Its salient feature is preservation of the alignment which would not be possible if you simply ended the display and then started it up again afterwards intertext may only appear right after a or command An example of its use follows begin align A_1 amp N_0 lamb
80. ts do not exist The combination family cmr series bx shape s1l happens to be available because the corresponding font file cmbxs110 is part of the standard TFX distribution However for the combination family cmss series sbux shape sc gt no font file Computer Modern sans serif semibold ultra expanded small caps currently exists When a combination of font attributes is selected that is not available the nearest available font will be substituted and a warning message not an error message Just a warning message will appear on screen during the processing of the document file The warning message will indicate which font was substi tuted Once in a while you may find surprising results from a few commands in standard IATpX because they do not reset all the font attributes in the new font selection scheme For example if the footnote command appears within italic text e g in a theorem then the text of the footnote will also be italic because the standard definition of footnote resets only the size attribute not the shape or family or series attributes Problems of this nature have been corrected in the amsart and amsbook documentstyles and will be rectified in future versions of AT pX for the standard IATpX documentstyles In the meantime you can add explicit font commands where needed to get a normal footnote in italic text type footnote normalshape instead of just footnote When usin
81. ty and amssymb sty are for use with the AMSFonts package version 2 0 amsfonts sty defines commands includ ing newsymbol for using fonts in the AMSFonts col lection and amssymb sty defines the names of all the math symbols available in the AMSFonts collection 48 amscd sty Commutative diagrams The amscd option defines some commands for conve nient typesetting of commutative diagrams It can be used as an add on with the amstex option or independently intlim sty Extra math style options that affect for example left nonamelm sty or right placement of equation numbers They are for nosumlim sty use only with the amstex option The intlim option righttag sty provides for integral subscripts to be placed above and ctagsplt sty below rather than on the side The nosumlim option provides for sum subscripts to be placed on the side rather than above and below The nonamelm option provides for operator name subscripts to be placed on the side rather than above and below The righttag option puts equation numbers on the right instead of on the left The ctagsp1t option gives equation numbers vertically centered on the height of a displayed equation that uses the split environment amsart sty Primary documentstyles for submissions to the AMS amsbook sty for articles and books respectively and technical amsart doc documentation files Auxiliary files for 10 point amsbook doc 11 point and 12 point options are also distributed
82. ument structure commands These commands have all been superseded by their IATpX equivalents some of which have the same name but function slightly differently Ays TeX TXT pX document begin document midspace beginfigure htp endfigure footnote footnote cite cite pagewidth textwidth pagebreak pagebreak For more information on document structure commands refer to Part IV which describes the amsart and amsbook documentstyles C 2 Math font commands The names for AMS TEX math font commands couldn t simply be carried over to IATpX because there is a conflict with roman which is preempted by IAT X for another use Therefore in the amstex option AMS TE X s roman has been renamed mathrm In addition the italic and slanted math font commands have been dropped in amstex since their usefulness is in question and memory space for control sequence names is in short supply It appears that text it will serve everywhere that italic might be used and the same goes for s1 and slanted 50 In AMS TEX the text font commands bf rm s1 etc cause an error message if used in math mode but in the amstex option this has been disabled This is intended to make it easier for users who might want to add the amstex option to a IATpX document that has already been written or partially writ ten However using these commands in math mode will have no effect on font changes In AMS TEX 2 0
83. you choose newcommand sst scriptstyle 51 C 6 thickfrac The thickfrac and thickfracwithdelims commands of AMS T X have been replaced by square bracket options on the frac and fracwithdelims commands See Section 21 C 7 Commenting out a large section of text The comment command of AMS T X is replaced by the comment environment of the verbatim documentstyle option See the description in Section 27 1 C 8 Page breaks inside a display In the amstex option displaybreak should precede the where it is supposed to take effect In the original Aj4S TpX it follows immediately after the C 9 Special colons in math IaTpX and AAyS TEX have different definitions for the command In IATpx it is a medium math space whereas in AMS T X it is a colon with spacing appropriate in certain notation for mappings S s gt s S s to s t The IATpX version is the one that has been retained in order to avoid compatibility problems colon is available as a substitute for the AMS TE X C 10 Paragraphed text within a displayed equation AMS TEX has a foldedtext command for handling a piece of text within a display that needs to be typeset as a paragraph perhaps to keep it from running over the right margin In the amstex option this was dropped because it s redundant IATpX s parbox command can be used instead C 11 Commutative diagrams In order to conserve memory commutative diagram commands are a sep
84. yyy operatornamefyyy for any operator names you re going to use frequently Some of the operator names such as lim have actually been defined using operatornamewithlimits rather than operatorname because in displayed formulas if there is a subscript on lim it is conventionally placed underneath like the limits on sums C f x lim C f x it 3 You can use operatornamewithlimits just like operatorname the only dif ference is the placement of subscripts and superscripts A few special opera tor names with limits are defined for you in the amstex option varinjlim varprojlim varliminf and varlimsup there are some examples in the sample file testart tex 20 mod and its relatives Commands mod bmod pmod pod are provided to deal with the rather special spacing conventions of mod notation bmod and pmod are available in IATpX but in the amstex option the spacing of pmod will adjust to a smaller value if it s used in a non display mode formula mod and pod are variants of pmod preferred by some authors mod omits the parentheses whereas pod omits the mod and retains the parentheses 21 Fractions and related constructions In addition to frac which was already available in TFX amstex pro vides dfrac and tfrac as convenient abbreviations for displaystyle frac 22 and textstyle frac Furthermore the thickness of the frac tion line can be varied using a new s

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