User Manual
Contents
1. Paramet Mi p Max Uni Clock frequency 1 MHz Pulse duration low 0 45 tscik ns Pulse duration high 0 45 tscux ns 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 D 400 883 3391 htip Www sensorexpert com cn 4 Typical Operating Characteristics Note that Period Select is set by the user in software 10000 1000 100 Maximum Data Rate per Axis Hz 10 10 100 1000 10000 Period Select Figure 4 1 Maximum Data Rate per Axis vs Period Select 1000 100 Gain counts uT 10 10 100 1000 10000 Period Select Figure 4 2 Gain vs Period Select Resolution 1 Gain to the system s noise limit gaagnanganananun 0 0 0000 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn 100 00 10 00 1 00 Sample Time msec 0 10 10 100 1000 10000 Period Select Figure 4 3 Sample Time per Axis vs Period Select gagnananananun 0 0 0000 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn 5 Dimensions and Packaging Dimensions in mm Top View Bottom View 8 0040 10 j 2 9220 15 i 4 4 0040 05 1 4640 08 red E PNI 3 pesar AL ____ootox0 lt zoons 3 Detail B gt E CAN I 02020 05 Detail A ae o 9010 10 Side View Too 0 20 REF NX SEXE 1 1 0 02 0 02 0 03 Detail A Detail B li 0 40 0 05 xX mn NO 0 45 REF x 1 omasa deo N semi Figure 5 1 Mag2. User Manual Exe only SmartSens High Data Rate Sensor Controller Table of Contents COPYRIGHT amp WARRANTY INFORMATION INTRODUCTIO SPECIFICATIONS TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS DIMENSIONS AND PACKAGING OVERVIEW AND SET UP 61 OVERVIEW 62 MAGIC PINOUT AND CONNECTIONS 6 2 1 SPI Port Lines 62 2 Hardware Handshaking Lines 63 CLOCK OPTIONS 7 OPERATION 7 1 MAKING A MEASUREMENT 7 1 1 Slave Select SSNOT 7 1 2 Idle Mode 7 3 SPl Interface Consideration 7 2 REGISTER DEFINITION 8 SOLDERING onnon List of Figures Figure 4 1 Maximum Data Rate per Axis vs Period Select Figure 4 2 Gain vs Period Select Figure 4 3 Sample Time per Axis vs Period Select Figure 5 1 MaglC Mechanical Drawing Figure 5 2 MagIC Tape Dimensions Figure 6 1 MaglC and SmartSens Circuit Block Diagram Figure 6 2 Biasing Diagram Figure 6 3 Reference Sensor amp Analog Mux Connections and Comparator Circuit Figure 6 4 Clock Configurations Figure 7 2 SPI Interface Timing Figure 8 1 Recommended Solder List of Tables Table 3 1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 3 2 Recommended Operating C Table 3 3 Timing Requirements Table 7 1 Command Register Table 7 2 Results Register Table 8 1 Recommended Solder Processing Parameters 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 htlp Www sensorexpert com cn 1 Copyright amp Warranty Information Copyright P
3. ASO ODIR Oscillator Direction Determines the magnetic oscillator direction if MOT is set to HIGH If MOT is set LOW ODIR has no effect Used for debug only MOT Magnetic Oscillator Test When set HIGH causes the sensor oscillator selected by ASO and AS1 in the direction selected by ODIR to run continuously until the Reset pin is set HIGH ASO0 AS1 Axis Select Determines sensor to be measured Function AS1 ASO x 0 1 Y 1 0 Z 1 1 23 16 Startup Counter Preset Value 5 bit unsigned Startup Counter Preset Value Bit 21 to 23 will be ignored Default 0x0F Configures how many Mag oscillator cycles to count before starting the forward or backward measurement 15 0 Period Counter Preset Value 12 bit unsigned Period Counter Preset Value Bit 12 to 15 will be ignored Configures how many Mag oscillator cycles to count during a forward or backward measurement 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn Table 7 2 Results Register Description Measured Sensor Value Returns measured sensor value in a 20 bit signed value with ranges from 2 to 2 1 2 s complement number Zero s will be returned on MISO if more than 20 SCLK s are sent during a read 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn 8 Soldering Table 8 1 Recommended Solder Processing Pa
4. 6 1 implementation of the MaglC requires incorporation of a user supplied analog multiplexer and comparator Figure 6 3 below provides reference circuit information for incorporating a Texas Instruments 74HC4051 analog multiplexer and Texas Instruments LMV761 comparator 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 D 400 883 3391 htip Www sensorexpert com cn Table 6 1 MaglC Pinout 1 MUXAO Analog MUX Channel Select Address Output 2 MUXA1 Analog MUX Channel Select Address Output 3 MUXA2 Analog MUX Channel Select Address Output 8 24 46 61 voc 1 5V Supply for Core 9 25 45 60 GND Ground Pins 10 26 44 59 vecio 3 3V Supply For I O 12 MGSW_SD Shutdown Signal Output To Analog MUX 14 YDRV Y Sensor Negative Drive Signal Output 16 YDRV Y Sensor Positive Drive Signal Output 17 XDRV X Sensor Positive Drive Signal Output 18 SLEEPMODE Disabled 20 XDRV X Sensor Negative Drive Signal Output 22 ZDRV Z Sensor Negative Drive Signal Output 23 ZDRV Z Sensor Positive Drive Signal Output 27 SSNOT SPI Slave Select Negative True 28 DRDY Data Ready Output 32 33 34 36 37 TEST Do not connect 35 TSTP Pin should be tied to ground 38 TSTJ Pin should be tied to ground 39 MOSI SPI Serial Data Out Master Out Slave In 40 MISO SPI Serial Data Out Master In Slave Out 4 SCLK SPI Serial Clock Input 42 CLK IN External Clock Input 43 RESET Reset Input 47 CLK OUT Hi
5. other identification marks have been defaced damaged or removed This warranty does not cover wear and tear due to normal use or damage to the Product as the result of improper usage neglect of care alteration accident or unauthorized repair THE ABOVE WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTY WHETHER EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE PNI NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY If any Product furnished hereunder falls to conform to the above warranty Customer s sole and exclusive remedy and PNI s sole and exclusive lability will be at PNI s option to repair replace or credit Customer s account with an amount equal to the price paid for any such Product which falls during the applicable warranty period provided that Customer promptly notifies PNI in writing that such Product is defective and fumishes an explanation of the deficiency i such Product is returned to PNI s service facility at Customers risk and expense and il PNI is satisfied that claimed deficiencies exist and were not caused by accident misuse neglect alteration repair improper installation or improper testing If a Product is defective transportation charges for the return of the Product to Customer within the United States and Canada will be paid by PNI
6. permanent damage to the device These are stress ratings only Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability Table 3 2 Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit for VO vecio 27 300r33 36 VDC Supply Voltage for Core voc 1425 15 1 575 VDC VCCIO 3 0 V Rb 53 o Bias Resistance VCCIO 3 3 V Rb 62 a Operating Current PS 32 80 Hz 17 mA ms measured at VCC PS 1024 37 Hz 3 6 mA ms Idle Mode Supply Current 55 uA External load capacitance at each output pin to ground S gt pF Digital Output High level output voltage Vou 24 vccio v Low level output voltage Vou 0 04 v Input Capacitance Cw 8 pF High level input voltage Via E 3 6 v Digital Input Low level input voltage Vi 0 3 0 8 v High level input current M 10 pA Low level input current m 10 uA Operating 40 485 E Temperature Storage 65 150 c 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn Note 1 PS is the period select which is set by the user in software and is inversely proportional to the data rate as show in Figure 4 1 Minimum PS 8 and Maximum PS 4095 The listed data rate is per axis Table 3 3 Timing Requirements
7. For all other locations the warranty excludes all costs of shipping customs clearance and other related charges PNI will have a reasonable time to make repairs or to replace the Product or to credit Customer s account PNI warrants any such repaired or replacement Product to be free from defects in material and workmanship on the same terms as the Product originally purchased Except for the breach of warranty remedies set forth herein or for personal injury PNI shall have no liability for any indirect or speculative damages including but not limited to consequential incidental punitive and special damages relating to the use of or inability to use this Product whether arising out of contract negligence tort or under any warranty theory or for infringement of any other party s intellectual property rights irrespective of whether PNI had advance notice of the possibility of any such damages including but not limited to loss of use revenue or profit In no event shall PNI s total liability for all claims regarding a Product exceed the price paid for the Product PNI neither assumes nor authorizes any person to assume for it any other liabilities Some states and provinces do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts or the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may have other
8. K P psp ps 1 9 fel Pel m PLILTI MOSI 32 bi command word MISO iwse 18 17 1 LSB 20 bit data value MISO is LOW after 20 SLCKs DRDY l ERI Figure 7 1 Sequence Diagram of SPI Interface ssnot V yo SCLK VI FTN N y test 7 as MOSI hes X x X X E PRA 7X x we X Varun arena Miso DE XX XXX t anon gt 100 fuas 1000s cpol 0 Figure 7 2 SPI Interface Timing 7 1 1 Slave Select SSNOT Keeping the SSNOT line LOW dedicates the master device to the MagIC If the user has no other slave devices the SSNOT line can be permanently grounded Conversely if the user has multiple slave devices then the SPI bus can be freed up for other devices by bringing the SSNOT line HIGH The SSNOT line can be brought HIGH either after sending the command word on the SI line but before reading the measurement data on the MISO line and or 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 htip Www sensorexpert com cn e after receiving the measurement data on the MISO line but before initiating another measurement sequence Note If a new command sequence is started before a previous measurement has been read out that previous data will be flushed out 7 1 2 Idle Mode The MaglC incorporates an idle mode to reduce power consumption in which it automatically idles when it is not exchanging data or taking a measurement However it does not necessarily in
9. NI Sensor Corporation 2009 All Rights Reserved Reproduction adaptation or translation without prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under copyright laws Revised January 2010 for the most recent version visit our website at www pnicorp com PNI Sensor Corporation 183 Aviation Blvd Suite 101 Santa Rosa CA 95403 USA Tel 707 566 2260 Fax 707 566 2261 Warranty and Limitation of Liability PNI Sensor Corporation PNM manufactures its Products from parts and components that are new or equivalent to new in performance PNI warrants that each Product to be delivered hereunder if properly used wil for ninety 90 days following the date of shipment unless a different warranty time period for such Product is specified i in PNI s Price List in effect at time of order acceptance or i on PNI s web site www pnicorp com at time of order acceptance be free from defects in material and workmanship and will operate in accordance with PNI s published specifications and documentation for the Product in effect at time of order PNI will make no changes to the specifications or manufacturing processes that affect form ft or function of the Product without written notice to the Customer however PNI may at any time without such notice make minor changes to specifications or manufacturing processes that do not affect the form fit or function of the Product This warranty willbe void if the Products serial number or
10. Y line be used to ensure data is clocked out of the MaglC only when it is available DRDY is set low after a RESET After a command has been received and the data is ready DRDY will be changed to high 6 3 Clock Options The MaglC can be configured for various high speed clock options including selection of internal or external clock INT EXT CLK pin 49 outputting or not outputting the clock CLK OUT ENBL pin 50 and dividing the clock rate by 2 CLK DIV pin 48 Pins 48 49 and 50 should not be left floating rather they should be either tied to ground or VCC External Clock INT_EXT_CLK CLK DIV Source o H K System 0 2 Clock CLK IN Optional Cyrstal Internal Clock Source clK_our CLK_OUT_EN el MagIC HighSpeed Clock gt lt System Clock Figure 6 4 Clock Configurations 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn 7 Operation Data flow to and from the MaglC is through a hardware handshaking synchronous serial interface that adheres to the SPI bus protocol Section 6 reviews the various interface lines and provides brief descriptions of some of their functions The MagIC ASIC interface is based on PNI s 11096 ASIC interface except the command is changed from 8 bit to 32 bit The new command word contains similar sensor axis select bits together with startup and per
11. gh Speed Clock Output m CLK DIV nes oe Speed LOW High Speed HIGH High 49 INT EXT CLK Clock Select Input LOW Internal HIGH External 50 CLK OUT ENBL High Speed Clock Enable Output HIGH Enable 67 MAG OUT Mag Oscillator Output a MaglC Input 68 MAG SD Negative Shutdown Signals to Peripherals Output NC No Connect 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn SENSOR CONNECTIONS ANALOG MUX CONNECTIONS 33VA a Us XINES v voc R 620 zNCS ve Ya 8 c3 vw MUX OUT gt com vi H aow iv Yo 3 3 zw PNI SEN XY 5 vs vali 3 XN SESPNCESCNSUR MGSW_SD C2 NH AL muxao Tenn gp MUxat R 820 8 np ce Z MUXA2 to DRV a gt XIN V TEXAS INSTRUMENTS AGND 74HC4051 ANALOG MUX COMPARATOR CIRCUIT 3 3V A g R 20k a 433V A T owe R 1kO fc 180khZ 1 MUX QUT 2 C MAG OUT L aono M TEXAS INSTRUMENTS LMV761 COMPARATOR Figure 6 3 Reference Sensor amp Analog Mux Connections and Comparator Circuit 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn 6 2 1 SPI Port Lines SCLK SPI Serial Clock Input An SPI input is used to synchronize the data sent in and out through the MISO and MOSI lines SCLK is generated by the customer supplied master device and should be 1 MHz or less One byte of data is exchanged over eight clock cycles Data is captured by the ma
12. ifference in the high speed oscillator period counts between forward biased and reverse biased sensor measurements To make a measurement one side of the sensor is grounded while the other side is alternately driven with positive and negative current through the oscillator The Period Select is user defined in software and establishes how many oscillations of the RL circuit are desired per measurement The greater the Period Select the higher the resolution of the measurement and the longer the sample time The high speed oscillator measures how long it takes to make the desired number of RL circuit oscillations The MaglC will then switch the bias connection to the sensor and make another measurement The side that was previously grounded is now charged and discharged while the other is now grounded The MaglC can be used to interface from one to three sensors depending on application requirements unused sensor connections should remain floating The MaglC contains drive and measurement circuitry for interaction with PNI s SmartSens magneto inductive sensors interface circuitry to communicate with a host microprocessor on an SPI bus an internal clock and inputs for an optional external clock or crystal oscillator 6 2 MaglC Pinout and Connections The MaglC s pinout is summarized in Table 6 1 The pinout runs counterclockwise on the MaglC when looking from the top starting at the Pin 1 designator as shown in Figure 5 1 As indicated in Figure
13. iod preset values The measured result is now extended to signed 20bit value compared to 16 bit in the PNI s 11096 ASIC 74 Making a Measurement The steps to make a sensor measurement are given below and the sequence and timing are given in Figure 7 1 and Figure 7 2 In general the user sends a command word see Section 7 2 to the MaglC through the SPI line specifying the sensor to be measured the period select and the startup counter The MaglC returns the result of a complete forward reverse measurement of the sensor in a 20 bit 2 s complement format range 524288 to 524287 Note that only one sensor can be measured at a time 1 2 3 SSNOT is set LOW This enables communication with the master device RESET pin set HIGH then LOW This will reset the MagIC A command word is clocked into the MaglC on the MOSI line Once 32 bits have clocked in the MaglC will execute the command take a measurement A measurement consists of forward biasing the sensor and making a period count then reverse biasing the sensor and counting again and then taking the difference between the two directions At the end of the measurement the DRDY line is set HIGH indicating data is ready The data is clocked out on the MISO line with the next 20 clock cycles 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 htlp Www sensorexpert com cn SSNOT i SSNOT can be set HIGH while waiting for DRDY RESET 1 SCL
14. ircuit with its effective inductance proportional to the magnetic field parallel to the sensor axis When driven by the MaglC the frequency of oscillation varies with the strength of the magnetic field parallel to the sensor The output from the MaglC is inherently digital and can be fed directly into a microprocessor which eliminates the need for signal conditioning or an analog digital interface between the sensor and a microprocessor The simplicity of the SmartSens circuit combined with the lack of signal conditioning makes it easier and less expensive to implement than alternative fluxgate or magneto resistive MR technologies Since the SmartSens circuit works in the frequency domain resolution and noise are established cleanly by the number of period counts In comparison fluxgate and MR technologies require expensive and complex signal processing to obtain similar resolution and noise and for certain applications the SmartSens solution cannot be matched The user may wish to refer to PNI S MicroMagIC User Manual to provide aid in the evaluation and prototyping of the MagIC module 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 httpy www sensorexpert com cn 3 Specifications CAUTION Table 3 1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Maximum DC Supply Voltage for VO VCCIO 3 75 VDC DC Supply Voltage for Core vec 1 65 VDC Digital Input Voltage Vin 0 3V to 3 6V Stresses beyond those listed Table 3 1 may cause
15. itialize in the idle mode at power up To ensure the MaglC will be in idle mode after being turned on it is necessary to cycle the MagIC through one measurement request operation The measurement data does not need to be read out 7 1 3 SPI Interface Considerations When implementing an SPI port whether a dedicated hardware peripheral port or a software implemented port using general purpose I O also known as Bit Banging the timing parameters given in Figure 7 2 must be met to ensure reliable communications When SCLK is LOW the data is in transition fpes Time Data Before SCLK High The clock set up and hold times tossu and fpAsu must be greater than 100 ns The clock phase used with the MaglC is zero CPOL 0 Data is present MISO or should be presented MOSI before the first low to high clock transition Also note that an SPI port can be implemented using different clock polarity options The clock polarity used with the MicroMaglC must be normally low cpo 0 Data always is considered valid while SCLK is high fpsu Time Data After SCLK High When SCLK is low data is in transition fpes Time Data Before SCLK High 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 D 400 883 3391 htip Www sensorexpert com cn 7 2 Register Definition Bit Name 31 24 Command Table 7 1 Command Register Descri Command Register Initiates a sensor measurement Bits are named as follows 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 ODIR MOT ASI
16. lC Mechanical Drawing 0000 0 0 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn 00000000000000 0 25 91S DOD p eg r 2 RE 2 00 1 10 SEE MITE 3 pe 8150 NIN NEP 15210 ODES fi LEL N E e Past i ji SENE e b 1 t 1 LT i mys Ex E Stas fo NOTES 1 10 SPROCKET HLE PITH CUMULATIVE TOLERANCE 10 2 S B3 2 CANER IN COPPLIANCE WITH ELA 481 SETIN A 4 i 3 REIET PILTIN RELATIVE TD SPATIET HELE EASED nn AS TRUE POSITION OF POCKET AO POCKET HOLE Figure 5 2 MaglC Tape Dimensions 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 http www sensorexpert com cn 6 Overview and Set Up 6 1 Overview The MaglC ASIC is intended as a component in a SmartSens magnetic measurement Circuit as show in Figure 6 1 with a detail of how the biasing works in Figure 6 2 MagIC e SPI Control m Port Logic SmartSens Sensor X Re te 7 Up Down Period Y femarSens Counter Select le Analog MUX ensor s2 0 E MEE Comparator m R igi lensor 3 Z Speed scirater Clock I Optional External Clock or Crystal Oscillator Rb Bias Resistor Figure 6 1 MaglC and SmartSens Circuit Block Diagram e Forward Bias Reverse Bias Figure 6 2 Biasing Diagram 00000000000000 UU DD UU 400 883 3391 htlp Www sensorexpert com cn The MaglC s output reading provides the d
17. rameters Preheat Temperature Tsmin TO Tsmax 150 C 200 C 60 180 Temperature T ical Lead Free Solder prea Point 221835 Tsmax TO T Ramp Up Rate 3 C Second Max Peak Temperature T lt 260 C Time 25 C To Peak Tp 6 Minute Max Time Maintained Above Temperature T Tj 218 C 60 120 Soak Time Within 5 Of Actual Peak Tp 10 20 Rampdown Rate 4 C Second Max a Meets IPC JEDEC J STD 020 profile recommendations 125 C to Peak Time Figure 8 1 Recommended Solder Reflow Profile 00000000000000 E mail support sinocomopto com Web www sinocomopto com oo oo 000000 Tel 400 883 3391 Web www sensorexpert com cn oo oo 000000000000 00000000104 401 U D0 D 86 0755 83439588 D 1 0 86 0755 83433488 000000000000 es 000000007059 U 0 0 86 021 52527755 D 0 0 86 021 52522211 0000000000000 60000000 p 1003 0 0 0 86 010 62672430 0 1 1 86 010 62672433 00000000001200 O00 1004 0 0 1 852 24208555 D 0 0 852 24200055
18. rights that vary by state or province 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 httpy www sensorexpert com cn 2 Introduction Thank you for purchasing PNI Sensor Corporation s SmartSens MagIC ASIC PNI part number 12739 The MaglC is a high data rate controller ASIC for use with PNI s SmartSens magneto inductive MI sensors the Sen XY and Sen Z It contains drive and measurement circuitry for interaction with SmartSens sensors interface circuitry to communicate with a host microprocessor on an SPI bus an internal clock and inputs for a user supplied external clock or crystal oscillator The MaglC can control and measure three independent SmartSens sensors Each SmartSens sensor is individually selectable for measurement and can be individually configured for measurement resolution PNI s SmartSens product line also includes the 11096 ASIC MS21007 single chip solution and the MicroMag family MicroMag2 MicroMag3 and MicroMagIC The main differences between the MaglC and 11096 ASIC are the data rates and footprint with the 11096 ASIC having a smaller footprint and the MaglC providing higher data rates PNI s MS2100 IC is a single IC solution incorporating two SmartSens MI sensors and an 11096 ASIC while PNI s MicroMag modules contain 2 or 3 SmartSens sensors and either the 11096 ASIC or MaglC For most applications the SmartSens MI sensor serves as the inductive element in a simple LR relaxation oscillation c
19. ster device on the rising edge of SCLK Data is shifted out and presented to the MagIC on the MOSI pin on the falling edge of SCLK SSNOT SPI Slave Select This signal sets the MaglC as the operating slave device on the SPI bus The SSNOT line must be LOW prior to data transfer in either direction and must stay LOW during the entire transfer The SPI bus can be freed up SSNOT line set HIGH for communication with another slave device while the MaglC is taking a measurement or idle but after all communication between the MagIC and master device is finished MISO SPI Serial Out An SPI output that sends data from the MaglC to the master device Data is transferred most significant bit first and is captured by the master device on the rising edge of SCLK The MISO line is placed in a high impedance state if the MaglC is not selected as the slave SSNOT 1 MOSI SPI Serial In An SPI input that provides data from the master device to the MagIC Data is transferred most significant bit first Data must be presented at least 100 ns before the rising edge of SCLK and remain valid for 100 ns after the edge New data may be presented to the MOSI pin on the falling edge of SCLK 6 2 2 Hardware Handshaking Lines RESET Reset RESET must be toggled LOW HIGH LOW before sending a measurement command RESET is usually LOW DRDY Data Ready 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 883 3391 httpy www sensorexpert com cn It is recommended the DRD
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