R2m user's manual
Contents
1. x y gt PCDATA gt PCDATA gt env env env env one vel one vel PCDATA gt PCDATA gt vel vel vel vel key key key key key key ctl ctl Ct ctl tL ctl PCDATA gt PCDATA gt PCDATA gt PCDATA gt PCDATA gt PCDATA gt envpoint gt EMPTY gt REQUIRED REQUIRED fku true false REQUIRED gt ctlnum ctlnum ctlnum ctlnum ctlnum gt ctlnum gt envdata gt envdata gt envdata gt envdata gt A 2 Mapping function file example lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE r2mfunction SYSTEM http www xsmusic ch dtd r2m dtd gt lt r2mfunction gt lt info gt lt r2mversion gt 0 1beta lt r2mversion gt lt author gt Fritz Menzer lt author gt lt info gt lt expression gt 5 x y 2 7 y x 1 x xty y 1 x xt y y lt expression gt lt display gt lt width gt 10 lt width gt lt linkfunction gt lt x gt 0 lt x gt lt y gt 0 lt y gt lt linkfunction gt lt linkscreenrel gt lt x gt 0 5 lt x gt lt y gt 0 5 lt y gt lt linkscreenrel gt lt display gt lt r2mfunction gt A 3 Sound file example lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE r2msound SYSTEM http www xsmusic ch dtd r2m dtd gt lt r2msound gt lt info gt lt r2mversion gt 0 1beta lt r2mversion gt lt author gt Fritz Menzer lt author gt lt info gt lt r2mfunction gt lt info gt lt r2mversion gt 0 1beta l2. instant to be able to say where the point is at any time So C 0 and C 0 define the starting point of the center control signal These two values may depend on the key number the velocity and a controller in a way similar to equations 5 and 7 C 0 p paVel pa Key psCtl ps 0 8 where C 0 may stand for C 0 or C 0 The parameters pl p5 are defined as in equation 7 Remark C 0 Cy 0 is not necessarily the starting point of the path due to equation 1 The starting point of the path is in fact y 0 Cy 0 9 3 4 Voices MIDI channel and sound storage Save Sound voices midi channel Load Sound You can define how many voices Rm should produce simultaneously and from which MIDI channel it should get the data If the CPU power is not enough to produce the desired number of voices the synthesis engine will automatically turn off voices The default value for the maximum number of voices and for the MIDI channel is 1 To load and save sounds you can use the buttons labeled Load Sound and Save Sound 3 5 MIDI connection To connect IR m s MIDI input to some MIDI producer node such as a MIDI interface you have to use the program PatchBay at least for now which is released by Be Inc under Be Sample Code License and comes with the IR m program 4 IR m sound programming techniques Programming sounds with IR m is a nearly unlimited topic because there is an infinity of possible
3. on the interval 1 1 so that s t f x t y t is a sound signal which can be sent to a loudspeaker for example A possible method to generate the x and y signals is described in following formula x t A t cos wt Colt y t Ay t sin wyt Cy t In equation 1 C t and C t are offset or center control signals and A t and A t are amplitude control signals The mapping function f can be any function 1 Sue 2 x y gt f z y such that V a y IR f x y 1 1 3 An easy way to achieve this is to define f x y min max g x y 1 1 4 where g x y has no constraints on its values 1 1 What is the IR m program The IR m program is a program that implements the IR m synthesis method It runs on BeOS and is available as a beta version at http www xsmusic ch for free lThe beta version of the IR m program may only be used until the 1 of september 2001 2 Installation of the R m program 2 1 Requirements To be able to install the RR m program on your computer you have to have BeOS 5 0 or higher installed on your computer Furthermore you need to have the development tools installed notably gec the GNU C Compiler which is available at http www bebits com If you have the Pro edition of BeOS you don t have to worry gcc is already included As this is a very early version of the IR m program it is absolutely not optimized so don t be surprised
4. values that are associated to each note played and represent the key velocity and the key number They are normalized to 0 1 so that MIDI velocity O corresponds to Vel 0 127 to Vel 1 MIDI note 0 C3 to Key 0 and note 127 g to Key 1 Ctl ps t is the MIDI controller P5 Each time a control change message whose controller number is equal to ps is received Ctl ps changes its value Because there are only 128 valid controller numbers ps must be an integer in 0 2 127 The parameters pj p4 are floating point numbers i e approximations of real numbers dCx _ de mw Env lo Vel lo Key o CH lo The center control signals are generated the same way as the amplitude control signals except for one big difference Instead of defining the center control signal directly you define its time derivative as to say the velocity of the center The real center control signals are calculated by integration C t LO a 010 6 This makes it possible and very easy to define for example a path where the center moves with constant velocity on a straight line after the key was released Just set a single flat segment in the release part of each envelope associated with the ao and aC t signals i e the speed in the x and y directions dC t u p Env t pVel p3Key paCtl ps t 7 In 7 Env t is in 1 1 while the other parameters and signals are defined as for equation 5 C t may st
5. IR m user s manual for version 0 1 0 Fritz Menzer fritz menzer epfl ch 31 3 2001 Contents 1 What is R m 1 1 What is the R m program 2 222222 2 Installation of the R m program 2 1 Requirements e a ss 2 wwe e I a Rr AN an 22 Download and installation 2 22 2 222 2 ee nen 23 Deinstallatim 2 4 4 4 64408864848 444 6444 3 User interface of the R m program al IBER ace hk ka a a OP AA 22 Mapping twig 6 2 04 ae was ee cde RE eR uns 3 2 1 Editing the mapping function 3 2 2 Defining the displayed area de Path gereratien cocos wee Oe a Pe EEE da 3 3 1 Path definition and frequency 332 Amplitude and Center ccoo an as ECMO oca a A EE EE ES gad Dlanling point u 22 86 0644 sinn aa de 3 4 Voices MIDI channel and sound storage oo MIDI connection 2029 coo wen 4 Rm sound programming techniques A File formats Bl RE ee ee an ESS A 2 Mapping function fileexample AS Sound Hleesample coco nn 1 What is R m Rm stands for IR mapping and is a sound synthesis method that allows to produce a wide range of dynamic sounds The principle is easy to understand We produce two independent signals x t and y t Each signal has variable amplitude and offset a t y t can be seen as a path in IR the two dimensional plane To produce a sound we use a mapping function f x y that maps the path x t y t
6. The point of the function is specified in the function s coordinates and the point on the display in a coordinate system which has its origin in the bottom left corner and in which the display s width is 1 For example link 0 0 to 0 1 would mean that you want to link the origin of the function 0 0 to the top left corner 0 1 of the display This system has the advantage that you can link a point of interest of the function to a certain point on the display and change only the displaywidth parameter to zoom in and out 3 3 Path generation 3 3 1 Path definition and frequency x t Cx t Ax t cos 2 pi 1 rrt y t Cy t Ay t sin 2 pi 1 fK This part of the user interface shows the formula used to calculate x t and y t and lets you specify the frequencies of the sine wave oscillators The f to the right of the editable text fields stands for the base frequency of the sound so if you want to have both oscillators fixed to the base frequency you just type 1 in both fields 3 3 2 Amplitude and Center Ax Env 1 o Vel o Key CH fo The amplitude control signals are generated by envelopes Env t These envelopes produce values between 0 and 1 Env t 0 1 Each amplitude control signal is derived from the corresponding envelope ac cording to the following formula where A t may stand for A t or Ay t A t Env t p p2Vel psKey paCtl ps t 5 In 5 Vel and Key are
7. and for C t or C t Notice also the structural difference between equations 5 and 7 3 3 3 Envelope IR m s envelopes are linear and can have an unlimited number of segments Be aware that a high number of segments means also a high CPU load and therefore less voices This will hopefully be fixed in a future version At the bottom of each envelope there is a line indicating an imaginary key pressed signal High means the key is pressed low means it is not This divides the envelope in two parts When the key is pressed the envelelope gen erates the signal defined in the high part and when the key is released it starts immediately with the low part To add a segment to the envelope just left click in the envelope and a new cornerpoint is generated To remove a cornerpoint right click on it To move a point drag it with the left mouse button To get a better resolution in the envelope you can stretch the IR m window or edit the sound file directly see appendix A 3 3 4 Starting point Cx 0 0 o Vel o Key o Ct o Cy 0 0 Jo Vel fo Key fo CH fo As you may have noticed in equation 6 there is a term C 0 That means that for each center control signal C t in addition to the ac signal we also need a value that defines C t for t 0 the instant when the key is pressed If you know the velocity of a point at any time you need to know where the point was at a certain
8. if you get only about 10 voices out ofa Pentium III 700Mhz But there is still a lot of potential to optimize the synthesis engine 2 2 Download and installation The first thing you have to do is download r2m zip at http www xsmusic ch Then you should expand the archive on your BeOS partition for example in the home directory boot home This will create a new directory called R2m that contains all the files necessary to run the IR m program except gcc When you start IR m for the first time it will ask you to read the licens ing agreement In order to use the program you have to accept the licensing agreement 2 3 Deinstallation If for some reason you want to deinstall the IR m program the only thing you need to do is to delete the R2m directory That s the ease of use of BeOS Just be sure to save the sounds and functions in the sounds and functions directories if you want to keep them 2The number of voices depends on the complexity of the sound especially of the mapping function and on the number of envelope points 3 User interface of the R m program 3 1 Overview dCx_ rl Env jo Vel o Key Ct lo dev 1w Env Vel lo Key jo Cti lo Aa Ax Env 1 o Vel jo Key o Ct lo J my 2 y tyy Rey oo displaywidth 15 Save f x Er E link o fo Jtoffos os cea tex o Key jo Cujo Save Sou
9. mapping functions that merits being treated in a seperate document Please refer to http www xsmusic ch articles r2mspt pdf 3The synthesis engine starts to turn off voices as soon as the calculation of the voices takes up more than 80 of the CPU time A File formats Rm saves its mapping functions and sounds in XML format This means that with a simple text editor you can modify these files This is especially useful for sound files because you can edit the envelopes at an arbitrary precision Al lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ELEMENT lt ATTLIST r2m dtd r2mfunction r2msound info expression display r2mversion author width linkfunction linkscreenrel dcxdt dcydt ax ay cx0 cy0 fx fy env one vel key ctl ctlnum envdata envpoint envpoint t val CDATA CDATA info expression display gt info r2mfunction dcxdt dcydt ax ay cx0 cy0 fx fy gt r2mversion author gt PCDATA gt width linkfunction linkscreenrel gt PCDATA gt PCDATA gt PCDATA gt x y gt
10. nd x t Cx t Ax t cos 2 pit 1 art Cx 0 0 o Vel o Key lo Ct o voices midi channel Load souna y t Cy t Ay t sin 2 pi 1 f t Cy 0 jo0 0 Vel fo Key o Ct o The IR m user interface is generally divided in two parts To the left you can define the mapping function and the way it is displayed while everything on the right hand side of the function display is needed to define the path x t y t 3 2 Mapping function 5 xy 2 7 tHx x y yj t x x y y displaywidth 15 EEE link o fo Jto os Jos FH Load f x y The mapping function is displayed using a colormap If a point is red the function takes the value 1 at this point Blue stands for 1 and black for 0 Intermediate colors for example dark blue stand for intermediate values 3 2 1 Editing the mapping function To change the mapping function just type a new function in the text field below the function display and press enter It may take a few seconds until the function is comiled To load and save the mapping function you can use the buttons labeled Load f x y and Save f x y 3 2 2 Defining the displayed area displaywidth 15 link o fo Jtoflos Jos You can tell IR m what area you want to have displayed by indicating the width of the display in the function s coordinates and by specifying which point of the function should be linked to which point on the display
11. t 0 021413 lt envpoint t 0 292649 lt envdata gt val 0 925000 fku false gt val 0 375000 fku false gt val 0 050000 fku true gt val 1 000000 fku false gt val 0 125000 fku false gt val 0 025000 fku false gt val 0 100000 fku true gt val 0 000000 fku false gt val 1 000000 fku false gt val 0 000000 fku true gt val 0 000000 fku false gt val 1 000000 fku false gt val 0 000000 fku true gt 11 lt ay gt lt cx0 gt lt one gt 0 8 lt one gt lt vel gt 0 lt vel gt lt key gt 0 lt key gt lt ct1 gt 0 lt ct1 gt lt ct1num gt 0 lt ct1num gt lt cx0 gt lt cy0 gt lt one gt 1 lt one gt lt vel gt 1 5 lt vel gt lt key gt 0 lt key gt lt ct1 gt 0 lt ct1 gt lt ctlnum gt 0 lt ctlnum gt lt cy0 gt lt fx gt 1 lt fx gt lt fy gt 1 005 lt fy gt lt r2msound gt 12
12. t r2mversion gt lt author gt Fritz Menzer lt author gt lt info gt lt expression gt sin 5 x x y x x x x y y lt expression gt lt display gt lt width gt 10 lt width gt lt linkfunction gt lt x gt 0 lt x gt lt y gt 0 lt y gt lt linkfunction gt lt linkscreenrel gt lt x gt 0 5 lt x gt lt y gt 0 5 lt y gt lt linkscreenrel gt 10 lt display gt lt r2mfunction gt lt dcxdt gt lt env gt 10 lt env gt lt vel gt 0 lt vel gt lt key gt 0 lt key gt lt ct1 gt 0 lt ct1 gt lt ct1num gt 0 lt ct1num gt lt envdata gt lt envpoint t 0 000000 lt envpoint t 0 256959 lt envpoint t 0 378302 lt envdata gt lt dcxdt gt lt dcydt gt lt env gt 10 lt env gt lt vel gt 0 lt vel gt lt key gt 0 lt key gt lt ct1 gt 0 lt ct1 gt lt ct1num gt 0 lt ct1num gt lt envdata gt lt envpoint t 0 000000 lt envpoint t 0 107066 lt envpoint t 0 342612 lt envpoint t 0 571021 lt envdata gt lt dcydt gt lt ax gt lt env gt 1 lt env gt lt vel gt 0 lt vel gt lt key gt 0 lt key gt lt ct1 gt 0 lt ct1 gt lt ct1num gt 0 lt ct1num gt lt envdata gt lt envpoint t 0 000000 lt envpoint t 0 021413 lt envpoint t 0 292649 lt envdata gt lt ax gt lt ay gt lt env gt 1 lt env gt lt vel gt 0 lt vel gt lt key gt 0 lt key gt lt ct1 gt 0 lt ct1 gt lt ct1num gt 0 lt ct1num gt lt envdata gt lt envpoint t 0 000000 lt envpoint
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