User manual. GeoWall - GeoSoft - programs for geotechnical
Contents
1. I Ss Soil properties H Type of soul h m me ia c kPa sia ya pag hct od Filled sail 1 0 06 2e 2 0 235 40000 0 43 2 Sand 0 21 0 224 20 293 6 4000 0 DSA 3 Clap sand 25 M3 def 10 7 243 60000 042 4 Loam 30 12 22 1 170 T182 40000 0 51 5 Clap 200 0 7 21 6 33 161 000 0 Db e Then sheet pile wall parameters such as pit depth and pile length are filled in Wall insert Geology wall Loads Stages Results y Excavating depth 8 Mm Wall height 12 m Embedding 5 Mm Friction coefficient 0 67 After that Wall type is selected and section parameters are specified by pressing Cross section properties E 3 button wall type Bored pile wall e Cross section properties E J Strength analysis It is necessary to input geometry and strength parameters of sheet pile walls such as pile spacing for retaining wall from boring piles pile diameter type of re inforcing element strength and elasticity modulus of concrete and metal Rebar cage can be used to fill geometry and strength parameters of reinforc ing element 39 SOFT GeoWall Bored pile wall 7 Characteristics ni piles Reinforcing agent characteristics E Rebar cage Rows quantity jo 1 row O 3 FOS Reinforcing agent tupe Rebar cage bad Pile diameter 500 mm Pipe diameter 1440 mm File spacing 400 mm hek EE iE ET h 4 _ Cross section area 20 330 ome Row spacing2. MM Moment of inertia 200 03 cm4 V OK Elasticity modulus of concrete 30000 MPa _Elasticity r modulus of remt 210000 MPa Compressive strength of concret 20 MPa Tensile strength of rein 265 MES ad We Reinforcement row 1 al a Se Reinforcement row 2 ES Compression 400 146 717 500 Tension Loads Section effective characteristics Bending moment M 02 Nene Destruction boundery 134 Sau l Neutral axis coordinate 145 mm g _ Moment of inertia J 0 0012 md Force N KNm m Cross section area A 10 041 ma y Elasticity modulus E 301 bb MPa Maximum active stress gt listos In reinforcing agent 374 8 MPa Oe In concrete 14 3 MPa Safety Factor For reinforcing agent 0 3433 for concrete 11 343 If loads from nearby building or storage materials need to be specified in the project it is necessary to pass to Loads insert where corresponding fields should be filled Geology Wall Loads Stages Results jil hi Space m Width m Deepening m q kPa qb kPa T z O 5 10 40 SOFT GeoWall Anchor or strut systems are specified in Stages insert Geology Wal Loads Stages Results Anchors and thrust system ll il hi 3 pa Stage Anchor Strut h m C kM mm a Angle deg F kN te 2 Anchor 3 24 0 O U 3 Strut E 0 0 1 0 0 a Stages Pit bottom
3. key F7 Stability analysis Kranz method key F8 Stability analysis key F9 Anchor calculation key F10 Framing beam calculation key F11 18 SOFT GeoWall Diagrams menu Diagrams Results Settings Help Resultant pressure Resultant and limiting pressure Bending moment Shear Force Normal Force Horizontal displacement Mot destroyed part of section Safety Factor of reinforcing agent Safety Factor of concrete Active pressure on the right Passive pressure on the right Active pressure on the left Passive pressure on the left Resultant pressure plots a diagram of calculated pressure on sheet pile wall in a graphic field Resultant snd limiting pressure plots a diagram of calculated and limiting pressure on sheet pile wall Bending moment plots a diagram of bending moment acting on sheet pile wall Shear force plots a diagram of sheet pile wall crosscutting force Normal force plots a diagram of longitudinal force acting on sheet pile wall Horizontal displacement plots a diagram of sheet pile wall horizontal dis placement Not destroyed part of section displays graphically compression zone part in sheet pile wall Safety factor of reinfircing agent plots a diagram of safety coefficient in re inforcing element in each retaining wall section Safety factor of concrete plots a diagram of safety coefficient in concrete in each retaining wall section Active pres
4. InzhProektStroy OOO Tel fax 7 342 219 61 03 219 63 14 www geo soft ru info geo soft ru GE OLLAS User manual GeoWall 2 0 Calculation of sheet pile walls 2009 GeoWall Information in this document can be changed without prior notification Any part of this document cannot be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any ways for any purposes without written agreement of InzhProektStroy OOO 2007 2009 InzhProektStroy OOO With All rights reserved GeoWall CONTENT A sins tsa Lahn 3 kaa esses cranes ara DIO OOOO aaa 4 icici eect ee ee er 5 Calculation of soil pressure occcconcnccccnnnnccconnnoconcnnononnnnonanonnnnanononnnnnnonnnnoss 6 Calculation of soil stability around a deepened wall part 8 Calculation of longitudinal forces in anchors 2 QX Xa 10 Task solution of elastic wall bending occccocncconncconncconncconnccanocononoss 12 Sheet pile wall strength calculationN cccoocccccconnnncconnnnocononcccanoncnnaos 14 Effective wall section characteristics ccoonccconnncccnnconnnonannnonnnonnnnonnnnnss 16 9 fale AAP RAR 17 A 18 TOODA senen 23 Dala DU DANE APA 24 o eE e 24 SA PP EREEREER ERRER REER ERRERRRRRRERET 26 Sheet pile wall section characteristics ccoooncnccconnonoconcncnnanoncnnanononnnos 29 Slurry wall window 29 Bored pile wall window 2 aa 30 EL 32 72 Mila rs
5. longitudinal force in anchor P will be equal where U 6 component of final displacement u projection of anchor fixing point displacement before its arrangement Let us express projection of displacement U through projections U U U U cosa HU sing Let us record initial displacement ratio in a similar way 17 GeoWall Ur U COSO U SIND Let us find x and y components of force P P P cosa P cosa c U cos at HU sina cosa u cos at U SINA COSA P P sma P cosa c U cosa sina U sin Ol u COS sina Us sin OL Task solution of elastic wall bending Task of wall bending is solved numerically by finite element method using Lagrange s variational statement with flat cross section hypothesis Only longitu dinal stress strain component is taken into account Variational task statement is formulated in the following way to find dis placements V returning minimum to a functional J v fo v e v dx C w aS 2 Cuas P vax 25 25 25 Sp C Winkler s base soil reaction coefficient C soil shear stiffness T Let us superpose Ox axis with the beam one and Oy axis with deflection direction Beam strain with accepted assumptions is equal to E ll where Ox unit vector Beam deflection equals tow v j j Oy unit vector Ox displacement equals to u V 1 Longitudinal strain will be summed up of compressive tensile strain du e
6. soil is in limiting state and reacts to wall displacement equal to o Vertical soil reaction to a deepened wall part is also defined by Winkler model oO ku ev V where o vertical soil reaction k soil reaction coefficient u vertical wall displacement Soil stability around wall deepening is estimated by the following criterion 5 Soil condition around wall deepening is stable if passive soil reaction from each deepening direction doesn t reach its limiting value When passive soil reaction reaches its limiting value that is passive pres sure in Coulomb theory from at least one wall deepening direction it will lead to plastic hinge appearance and sheet pile wall stability loss Soil stability criterion containing wall deepening is the following 6 Soil around wall deepening is stable if K gt 1 K min K K7 En ps gee Jo dx Jo dx Jo dx GeoWall o soil reaction value at some point of a deepened wall part equal to a sum of forces acting from left and right A minus index stands for a deepening part which displaces to the pit direc tion and a plus index stands for that deepening part which displaces to the pit side direction Calculation of longitudinal forces in anchors Method of force calculation in anchors takes into account pre tension and step by step retaining wall displacements at pit excavation assuming stages of anchor layer arrangement Anchor is considered
7. 6 ES Sas 34 Stages insert nun aaa 34 RESUSO INSONI ar 36 e o PP 47 GeoWall INTRODUCTION GeoWall program is designed for a complex calculation of sheet pile walls on strength and stability The program allows to carry out calculations for almost all types of retaining walls diaphragm wall ones from bored piles pipes double T iron and sheet piles Moreover for the first time in our country there has appeared a possibility of calculating sheet pile wall from Jet piles jet grouting piles constructed by using jet grouting technology The program allows to calculate sheet pile walls consisting of detached tangent and intercrossing boring or jet grouting piles GeoWall interface is simple and easy to use The program options are the following Calculation of any type of retaining wall Record of soil mass geological structure and groundwater level Calculation of active and passive pressure on sheet pile wall Calculation of sheet pile wall bending moment longitudinal and lateral forces Calculation of retaining wall horizontal displacement Calculation of forces in anchors and struts Sheet pile wall strength calculation Step by step pit calculation Calculation of effective section characteristics inertia moment elasticity modulus area for diaphragm wall and boring piles Database of physical and mechanical soil properties Database of reinforcing elements pipes double T i
8. as an elastic tie reaction of which is proportional to anchor displacement It is considered that anchors are tied with sheet pile wall by strapping Anchor stiffness c which connects longitudinal force in anchor P with anchor displacement U to which this force is applied is taken as an anchor deformation characteristic P CST u Continuous pit excavation in the model is replaced by discontinuous one at the same time pit excavation discretization is connected with time points and corresponding depths of anchor layer arrangement In the excavation process a flexible wall is deformed and wall displacements depend on pit depth Anchor longitudinal force is caused by anchor displacement which occurs after excavation works of the next stage or by anchor pre tension Therefore it is necessary to take into account only anchor displacements at strapping fixing point for calculating pit excavation stages on stress and strain states of the anchored flexible wall Let us model reaction of anchor arranged after the first stage of pit excava tion 10 ER SorT Geo Wall JA Pic 4 Design scheme of defining anchor longitudinal force Fixing point of expected anchor anchor is not arranged yet after the first stage of pit excavation has got displacement u pic 4 Then anchor is ar ranged and wall deformation after excavation of the second stage leads to an chor displacement u Then taking into account anchor pre tension P
9. soil 10 206 224 20 235 40000 043 2 Sand 20 20 224 20 296 40000 034 3 Clay sand 25 212 227 10 7 243 E0000 042 4 Loam 30 212 224 17 0 187 40000 051 5 Clay 200 207 216 337 161 E000 0 057 hd Calculation model of active pressure on a wall Coulomb s theory Lateral pressure coefficient Mixed Calculation parameters Allow for limiting state in embedding Allow for passive pressure on a wall Allow for dependence of soil reaction coefficient on depth EGE engineering geological element number according to geological sur vey EGE number can be repeated for example two layers Ne3 can be specified in the program h m layer thickness 9 KN m3 soil volume weight in natural state gsat KN m3 soil volume weight at full water saturation c kPa specific cohesion Angle degree internal friction angle ks KN m3 soil reaction coefficient Ma accept by tg 45 y 2 12 Groundwater data is inputted in Water level and Confining bed fields Values are inputted without minus mark 25 Geol GeoWall The following buttons are placed in Geology insert ll Add a row at the table end Ml Insert a row above the active one hi Delete a row gt Hatching selection hatching selection by search for the marked soil layer In Geology insert it is also possible to specify method of calculation of active sheet pile wall pressure Coulomb s theory Lateral pressure coeffi
10. Malinin A Jet grouting 2007 4
11. N Maximal values Max bending moment 118 55 KHM Mag NOP1 Zoned OVS placement Kaka 0 0 cm Min reinforcing agent factor of safety KE 2 19 Min concrete factor of Safety Kb eee 1 04 Max force in anchors struts NEO a aera ao 172 30 EN ANGER AA AA AG 0 00 KN Calculation results in text format GeoWall 42 Geol GeoWall Heal pi eed BP Calculated pressure kPa le Pid eae on Horizontal displacement cm 43 GeoWall Bo red memar Hinan Bending moment kNm m Sal pal Ha EE KH li Crosscutting force kN m 44 GeoWall Peoria Tor ce HET Longitudinal force KN m Waaa ce lada el ada Ex Safety coefficient in reinforcing element 45 GeoWall Pra rere Tarier rd 221114 kh En ait OE E nn nnn E E E Ea E a z mr oe ee nee en m Sink Safety coefficient in concrete 46 GeoWall REFERENCES 1 Bases foundations and underground structures Designer handbook Moscow Stroyizdat 1985 2 Code of Practice 2 06 07 87 Retaining walls ship locks fishways and fish protection structures 3 Code of Rules 50 101 2004 Design and construction of bases and founda tions of buildings and structures 2005 4 Code of Practice 2 01 07 85 Loads and stresses 2003 5 Malinin A Malinin P Chernopazov S Method of calculation of retaining walls constructed using jet grouting Permskie stroitelnye vedomosti 6
12. Pa Fit MPa Lross section area 16 847 cme bi 500 2000 7 0 2 Moment of inertia 144 219 cmd pa F J 500 2000 a 0 2 Elasticity modulus of remt 10000 MPa y 3 500 3000 2 02 Tensile strength of reint 379 MPa ink 4 500 2000 J 0 2 Reinforcement row 1 100 Ka XK Close ai Reinforcement raw 2 100 FOUNDATION tl Tension ps Row 1 300 ARAS aj A Row 2 Compression Loads Section effective characteristics Bending moment M fg Nimo m E MPa J mg Z mm lt 0 mm J j B1 0074 16762 0002324 1562 106 6 Force N 207 kN m 0 074 16762 0 003 24 156 2 106 6 0 074 16762 0 002324 156 2 106 6 H 2 _ 4 0 074 16762 0 0034 156 2 106 6 4 E 0 074 16762 0 0034 156 2 106 6 The difference of Jet grouting module from Bored pile wall one is that the first module allows to specify the diameter deformation modulus and pile mate rial strength for each soil layer This option is necessary as the diameter and jet grouting pile strength de pend on the type of soil Rebar cage similar to one for Bored pile wall can be used to simplify speci fying reinforcing element parameters There is also a possibility to carry out checking calculation for different com binations of moment and longitudinal force 33 GeoWall Loads insert Information about distributed loads for specifying loads from nearby buildings and equipment is inputted Geology Wall Loads Stages Results ll jil bi H
13. Space m Width m Deepening m q kPa qb kPa 0 z O 5 10 sequence number Space m load edge to pit side spacing Width m load width Deepening m load application depth Pressure OA kPa load value at the left point Pressure qB kPa load value at the right point Stages insert Quantity of pit excavation stages as well as anchor and strut parameters is specified in Stages insert Ground anchor and strut parameters are specified in Anchors and thrust sys tem part Stage stage from which anchor or strut is taken into account in calculation Type type of tie Anchor or Strut h m setting depth C kN mm anchor or strut stiffness Spacing m anchor or strut spacing Angle degree horizontal tilting angle Force F kN anchor tension force 34 ES orr Geo Wall Geology Wall Loads Stages Results Anchors and thrust system m E AN S pacing Stage Anchor Strut h m C kM mm E Angle deg F kN 2 Anchor 3 24 0 el O 3 Strut E 0 0 1 0 O Stages Pit bottom constraint spacing 05 m Pia Confining bed 5 m Stage Depth m WL on the left WL on the right E 1 35 2 35 6 5 2 ES 3 8 2 8 e For example if anchor is arranged at a depth of 1 5 m for its arrangement at Stage 1 it is necessary to excavate a pit approx 2 0 m deep and arrange anchor so anchor is taken into account in calculation from Stage 2 For specifying the ty
14. Stage 1 Max bending Mome r ares ooo ooo 1 0 44 kNm m Max Horizontal d1Splacementes 2 cantes ross 0 34 cm Ma Mar TO EE aa a aaa 16 85 KN M salere factor IN teint agent ES mires 24 70 safety factor in concrete KB ww ee ooo so 0 70 Stage 2 Mag Bend na MANS smeden 72 65 kNm Max horizontal displacement nenennene 0 56 cm Mac Shen IFE ias 65 43 KN Safety Tactor 11 Celi JEN RS 2 us cada 3 64 SALE CAC IN EO0NErete Kiens AA a eee O Resultant force in anchors struts A A Ve GI ent neen eee eee AA eee 112 09 KN Stage 3 Mag bending Mome ar aasa aa ee oe eee ee 118 55 Mmm Max horizontal diSplacement ee nnn 0 70 cm Max 5Heak TOPE tee ne ae 56 74 kN m Savery Pactor Th Felt ADEN ES ao as 2 19 Bare Tactor Why concrete kO 1 04 Resultant force in anchors struts a a eure GA AA acer ne eye een severe eene 172 30 KN ESE eee AA BANA AASA AA 0 00 KN Maximal values Max bending moment 118 55 KHM Mag NOP1 Zoned OVS placement Kaka 0 0 cm Min reinforcing agent factor of safety KE 2 19 Min concrete factor of Safety Kb eee 1 04 Max force in anchors struts NEO a aera ao 172 30 EN ANGER AA AA AG 0 00 KN There is a full list of diagrams in Results menu which the program can dis play In order to select the stage where a diagram should be plotted it is neces sary to use the stage selection window staged When displaying diagrams of safety coefficients if coe
15. cient Mixed Calculation model of active pressure on a wall 2 Coulomb s theory Lateral pressure coefficient C Mixed Calculation parametrs Allow for limiting state in embedding Allow for passive pressure on a wall Allow for dependence of soil reaction coefficient on depth Calculation parameters Allow for limiting state in embedding Allow for passive pressure on a wall J Allow for dependence of soil reaction coefficient on depth Wall insert Data about pit depth sheet pile wall length and its section parameters are inputted in Wall insert 26 SOFT GeoWall Geology wall Loads stages Results Excavating depth a Mm Wall height 12 Mm Embedding a m Friction coefficient 0 5 Wall type Bored pile wall e Cross section properties E J Strength analysis Space 1 mi Depth mi Angle of slope 45 deg Excavating depth pit depth is specified from the ground surface Wall height length of piles or diaphragm wall Embedding this parameter is calculated automatically and shows the value of sheet pile wall embedment length Friction coefficient parameter responsible for transferring longitudinal force on sheet pile wall varies from 0 0 to 1 0 in percentage of soil internal fric tion angle For retaining walls from Jet piles it is recommended to take Soil contact value equal to 1 0 Wall type allows to select the type of
16. cohesive soil active pressure In case of load free surface horizontal o and vertical o components of active pressure for noncohesive soil at depth z pic 2 1 are defined by formulas O SYA O O g0 where y calculated value of specific soil weight defined as a weighted average value of overlying soils wall soil friction angle A coefficient of active soil pressure CRI SOr GeoWall coso EE TI TJ i sin 5 sin COS Horizontal and vertical components of active pressure for cohe sive soil at depth z pic 2 2 are defined by formulas O ah TO TO en 3 O y O 80 where O cohesiveness pressure 0 CK where c specific soil cohesion ke l SQ If K value calculated by this formula is less then O then the equality K 0 is taken in calculations Pic 2 2 Components of cohesive soil active pressure GeoWall At uniformly distributed load on the surface q horizontal o and vertical o components of passive pressure at depth z from the surface are defined by for mulas C O on q YZ A Hg toi gt 2 A COSO ph a sin 8 sing COS Calculation of soil stability around a deepened wall part The following assumptions are taken at calculation of soil pressure on flexi ble sheet pile wall 1 Sheet pile wall along the full pit side height has only active soil pressure Sheet pile wall displacement can be prese
17. constraint spacing 05 m Pia Confining bed 5 m Stage Depth m WL on the left WL on the right E 1 35 2 35 El 6 5 Ej 6 5 3 o 2 o When all data is inputted it is necessary to press Wall calculation 4 button For carrying out sheet pile wall strength calculation it is necessary to activate Strength analysis option in Wall insert Calculation results for each pit excavation stage are displayed in Results in sert as well as in the form of diagrams in a graphic field 41 GEO 3 Geology Wall Loads Stages Results H B5 Wx Results Stage 1 Max bending Mome r ares ooo ooo 1 0 44 kNm m Max Horizontal d1Splacementes 2 cantes ross 0 34 cm Ma Mar TO EE aa a aaa 16 85 KN M salere factor IN teint agent ES mires 24 70 safety factor in concrete KB ww ee ooo so 0 70 Stage 2 Mag Bend na MANS smeden 72 65 kNm Max horizontal displacement nenennene 0 56 cm Mac Shen IFE ias 65 43 KN Safety Tactor 11 Celi JEN RS 2 us cada 3 64 SALE CAC IN EO0NErete Kiens AA a eee O Resultant force in anchors struts A A Ve GI ent neen eee eee AA eee 112 09 KN Stage 3 Mag bending Mome ar aasa aa ee oe eee ee 118 55 Mmm Max horizontal diSplacement ee nnn 0 70 cm Max 5Heak TOPE tee ne ae 56 74 kN m Savery Pactor Th Felt ADEN ES ao as 2 19 Bare Tactor Why concrete kO 1 04 Resultant force in anchors struts a a eure GA AA acer ne eye een severe eene 172 30 KN ESE eee AA BANA AASA AA 0 00 K
18. ds Maximum active stress Characteristics for 1 rm pu I J zal krimin In reinforcing agent 24 4 BUE Destruction boundery 32 mm N y s42 lim In concrete 411 MPa Neutral axis coordinate 15 es Safety factor Moment of inertia J O 00296071 m4 gt Calculate In reinforcing agent 11 1 Cross section area A 017591 mg In concrete 9 59 Elasticiby modulus E 46234 85 MPa Bored pile wall window The window allows to specify geometry and strength parameters of retaining wall from boring piles bored piles CFA piles bored injection piles and so on There is also a possibility to carry out calculation of double row retaining walls from piles 30 SOFT GeoWall ES Bored pile wall Characteristics nl piles Reinforcing agent characteristics PL Sf Rebar cage Rows quantity jo ros O gt TOS Reinforcing agent pe Hebar cage bd mi Pile diameter 500 mm 1 Pipe diameter 1440 27 Me i a T Pipe wall thickness 8 mm Ja Characteristics File spacing 400 mm A TE ee d gt Cross section area 20 358 cm2 How spacing BIO Moment of inertia 258 991 cm4 J nk Elasticity modulus of concrete 30000 MPa _ Elasticity n modulus of renf 10000 MPa Compressive strength of concret 20 MPa Tensile strength of rein 1365 M s Tana Ip Miele Reinforcement row HIJ al 4 pia Close A eee ali Reinforcement rows 2 ES Compression 400 148 odd TUN s00 Ten
19. er 50 Cross section area of reint 3 14 Ej Characteristics Elasticity modulus of concrete 30000 Rebar spacing 100 Compressive Strength of concrete 145 Elasticity modulus of reint 200000 Tensile Strength of concrete 1 05 Tensile strength of reint a70 ln Characteristics opens a panel for calculation of effective section character istics inertia moment section area elasticity modulus stresses and safety coef ficients allows to analyze sensitivity of sheet pile wall parameters from moment and load For precheck of sheet pile wall section strength it is possible to specify mo ment and normal force in Loads part and press Calculate button After calculation 29 SOFT GeoWall effective section characteristics concrete and reinforcement stresses and safety coefficients will be calculated as well as stress diagram will be shown Slurry wall Slurry wall characteristics Reinforcing parameters Vall thickness 400 mm Rebar diameter 20 Mm Cover 50 mm Cross section area of reint 344 cm E mang eenen ee je Ja Characteristics Elasticity modulus of concrete 30000 MPa Rebar spacing 100 MIT Compressive Strength of concrete 145 MPa Elasticity modulus of reint 200000 MPa j Tensile strength of concrete 1 05 MPa Tensile strength of reint 2D hPa R x SIRE 100 gn S z MPa 4 11 Naa Enero gt gt he gt 20 01 400 1 32 1 05 24 43 o gt a a o o eit 50 Loa
20. fficient value exceeds the minimum one by 4 times the diagram is displayed as a straight line on this section Actually the diagram should be outside the picture on these sections 37 GeoWall Example of calculation and program work For starting work it is necessary to create a project by pressing New project L button and indicating a file for project data storage Each project should be kept in a separate folder Nanka Al MAL ige k Hecent PaboyH4 cron E Mow DOKUMEHTbI A A A ooo a ri Mor KOMMbHITEp A Ama pana CoxpaHHTb Hr Ceresoe Tan pana a E Urimena Actually work can be started even without pressing New project button In this case the program saves all the information in a temporary file placed in the directory where the program is installed It is C Prorgam files GeoSoft GeoWall Temp no name on default It is recommended to save the project from time to time by pressing Save project E button Because of the fact that the program uses databases when working with ta bles in Geology Loads Stages Anchors inserts data is saved automatically im mediately after changing values in the table All the values such as pit depth inputted in entry fields are saved by press ing Save project button 38 Letal GeoWall Then it is necessary to specify soil properties and groundwater level data in Geology insert Geology Wall Loads Stages Results
21. level to hide display groundwater level 21 GEO SEttnps Display Buttons Report Passive pressure on the left Active pressure on the left Active pressure on the right Passive pressure on the right Resultant pressure Resultant and limiting pressure GeoWall Horizontal displacement Shear force Normal force Bending moment Safety factor of reint agent Safety factor of concrete Mot destroyed part of section Cancel Settings Initial data Soll properties Anchors Loads Wall parameters Framing beam Anchors and struts Calculation results Calculation results for all stages Diagram hor all stages Bending moment Resultant pressure Shear force Resultant and limiting pressure Horizontal displacement Bending moment Anchor and strut forces Shear force Safety factors Horizontal displacement Help menu Help About Help Fi About outputs information about the program version and developer s con tact data 22 GeoWall GeoWwall 2 7 3 Sheet pile wall calculation OOO InzhProectstroy 2007 2005 tel 7 342 219 61 03 219 63 14 Help key F1 Toolbar DIP 135 PM KMM P U JO N M Ks Ko y Buttons integrated by functions are placed in Toolbar Create a project creates a new working project Open a project opens a previously created project Save a project saves a c
22. nted as a sum of its rigid dis placement to the pit direction and displacements from bending Calculations show that even at complex reversed bending of anchored walls the value of rigid translational displacement exceeds displacements from bend ing In the accepted model of wall deformation only displacements from bending are calculated 2 It is supposed that only forces caused by unstable prism displacement act on sheet pile wall 3 Soil pressure equal to lateral pressure in virgin mass acts on absolutely rigid fixed retaining walls 4 It is admitted that soil lying around a deepened wall part can be consid ered static when defining its horizontal reaction on wall displacements Limiting total local soil pressure from both sides at some point of a deep ened wall part will be equal to the difference of passive soil pressure from the wall displacement direction and active soil pressure from the opposite direction 8 GeoWall O o O me Pressure will act to the direction opposite to wall displacement The value of elastic horizontal soil reaction at some point of a deepened wall part equal to a sum of forces acting from left and right can be found by Winkler model O ku where total soil reaction on horizontal wall displacement u k soil reac tion coefficient containing wall deepening Winkler horizontal soil reaction should satisfy the condition Ou SO ra Where the condition is not satisfied
23. pe of tie it is necessary to click the mouse on Type field and select Anchor or Strut from the list According to experimental data anchor stiffness varies from 10 to 50 kN mm Anchor stiffness can be also calculated in GeoAnchor program Depth of pit excavation stages is specified in Stages part 35 GeoWall The program can automatically fill depths of stages according to arranged anchors or struts In order to do this it is necessary to specify the depth from the anchor mouth till the bottom minimum required for anchor arrangement by a drill rig 0 1 0 5 m in Pit bottom constraint spacing part and press da button Results insert Results for each stage of sheet pile wall construction are outputted in Re sults insert The following buttons are placed in this insert ES Add initial data adds calculation source data into the window with results E Save report saves calculation results in a RTF file which can be opened in Word text editor Copy image places a graphic field image in the clipboard axl Export report to MS Word a Export results to MS Excel It is sufficient to press one of the following buttons on Toolbar for diagram plotting P Resultant pressure Horizontal displacements Shear force Normal force S Z IO C Bending moment Reinforcing agent factor of safety Concrete factor of safety 36 SOFT GeoWall Geology Wall Loads Stages Results HOH B5 w x Results
24. qual to one pile spacing and located above the design section In general soil pressure wall weight anchor and strut reactions influence the upper wall part The action of all these forces can be reduced to a principal moment M and resultant vector R relative to the arbitrary reduction centre O Design section point on the pile axis can be accepted as this reduction centre Longitudinal forces in reinforcing element and concrete which we reduce to a resultant vector R applied in the reduction centre O and principal moment M will act from the neglected wall part direction to the upper part Z ALD gt HONG Pic 6 Sheet pile wall cross section As reinforcing element Ab concrete 14 GeoWall Let us direct Oy axis along the pile one Equilibrium equations can be writ ten in the following form R R 0 M M 0 For getting a closed system of equations let us use e Cauchy relations according to which p o p 0 Pu Pp OY compo nents of forces acting in design section o longitudinal stress tensor component e flat cross section hypothesis Z E Z where o neutral line position coordinate p neutral line curvature radius pic 6 e and Hooke s law connecting longitudinal bending strain with longitudinal stresses O E Substitution of relations taking into account Cauchy relations gives the fol lowing equation pr Saer p y A Let us re ar
25. range moment equation in a similar way JE Z dka A p We can find neutral line position and curvature solving the system of two equations Thereafter returning to previous equations let us find stress distribu tion in calculated sheet pile wall section This design model can be realized for any type of retaining wall with any re inforcement parameters 15 GeoWall Effective wall section characteristics Effective characteristics for each wall section are calculated with the help of calculations described in the previous part as loads bending moment and longi tudinal force are variable by sheet pile wall height Hence neutral line position and correspondingly concrete compression zone for each section are different These characteristics are used at solving task of elastic beam bending with variable characteristics At calculating the integral Ey dA E y dA EJ A A effective static inertia moment J y dA A and effective value of longitudinal elasticity modulus are considered Ey dA E A End EJ J J 3 3 Effective inertia moment is more than the actual one when the section part makes no resistance to bending as a result of destruction Effective section area is introduced from the condition of equality of longitu dinal force for actual and effective characteristics at the same longitudinal straine Ee dA EgA A From the last equality EdA A A E 3 Effecti
26. ron and reinforcing cages Saving and printing of report with calculation results design scheme and diagrams Geol GeoWall METHODS OF CALCULATION GeoWall program is designed for strength calculation of flexible retaining walls and for estimation of soil stability around a deepened wall part Active pressure Anchor force GN Anchor E Strut Strut force Passive press re Pic 1 Design scheme Sheet pile wall stability calculation is carried out by Blume Lomeyer method elastic curve method Sheet pile wall strength calculation is based on numerical task solution of beam bending fixed by one end in elastic plastic soil and restrained by ties an chors struts Finite element method is used for elastic wall bending modeling The following calculations are carried out for task solution 1 Calculation of active and passive soil pressure on sheet pile wall 2 Calculation of elastic plastic reaction and soil stability around a deepened wall part sheet pile wall 3 Calculation of longitudinal forces in anchors and struts SOFT GeoWall 4 Task solution of elastic wall bending under the action of soil pressure from the pit side direction by finite element method 5 Sheet pile wall strength calculation Calculation of soil pressure Calculation of soil pressure on sheet pile wall is carried out on Coulomb the ory m me me ey JJ en Pic 2 1 Horizontal and vertical components of non
27. sion Loads Section effective characteristics Bending moment M 192 kNm m Destruction boundery 134 mm T Neutral axis coordinate 145 Mm g _ Moment of inertia J 0 0012 m Force N Ga ENm m Cross section area A 10 041 ma a lu z Elasticity modulus E 301 bb MPa f Maximum active stress In reinforcing agent 374 5 MPa ln concrete 14 3 MPa Safety Factor for reinforcing agent 0 3433 for concrete 1 343 1 Rebar cage which contains data of pipes double T iron and reinforcement can be used to simplify specifying reinforcing element parameters Q 1 SOFT GeoWall Kebar cape ll Rebar cage Rebarz quantity Pile diameter Cover Rebar diameter In this module it is also possible to carry out calculation of effective section characteristics analyze sensitivity of sheet pile wall parameters from moment and longitudinal force as well as calculate section stresses and safety coeffi cients Jet grouting window The window allows to specify geometry and strength parameters of retaining wall from Jet piles jet grouting piles 32 SOFT GeoWall Jet arouting Piles characteristics Reinforcing agent characteristics Rows quantity Ci row 2 rows Reinforcing agent type Pipe Pile spacing 500 mm Duter diameter 53 mm AA Row spacing 300 mm Pipe wall thickness 65 mm HD mm E MPa A M
28. sure on the right plots a diagram of active horizontal pressure from the pit direction 19 GeoWall Passive pressure on the right plots a diagram of passive horizontal pres sure from the pit direction Active pressure on the left plots a diagram of active horizontal pressure on sheet pile wall Passive pressure on the left plots a diagram of passive horizontal pressure on sheet pile wall Results menu Results Settings Save report Save image Copy image Save report save the report to file Save image save picture to file Copy image Settings menu Settings Help Settings Settings contains a window of program display settings Settings Display Buttons Report 20 GeoWall settings Geology Loads Geological bar Axis Anchors Structure Show anchors schematically Pit bottom Struts Stages Color hatching Water level Geology to hide display EGE Geological bar to hide display a geological ruler Anchors to hide display anchors show anchors shematically Struts to hide display struts Colour hatching displays EGE colour hatching EGE engineering geological element Loads to hide display loads Axis to hide display sheet pile wall axis Structure to hide display retaining structure Pit bottom to hide display pit bottom stages to hide display pit construction stages Water
29. u AU TX and bending strain d w w AW ia Strains and stresses are connected by Hooke s law 12 GeoWall o Ee Sheet pile wall bending is modeled as elastic beam bending by section fal ling on one sheet pile wall spacing Finite element with 6 degrees of freedom is realized in the program a i Pic 5 Beam finite element with 6 degrees of freedom Finite element approximates Beam deflection by cubic function W X a a x a x a x Rotation angles by function d Q x pn a 2a x 3a x Beam curvature by linear function d K 2a 6a x Longitudinal displacements by linear function u x ax b u i ER L IL Element longitudinal strain is a ee kane dx L Lju u 1 1 1 LN ral 13 GeoWall Sheet pile wall strength calculation Calculation of effective characteristics and strength calculation of sheet pile walls like diaphragm wall boring and Jet piles are realized in GeoWall program The following assumptions are accepted e Only longitudinal component of stress strain tensor is taken into account e Concrete soil concrete can fail only by tensile stresses e Carrying out flat cross section hypothesis along the full sheet pile wall height is supposed Taking into account accepted assumptions stresses in arbitrary wall section can be found with the help of static equilibrium equations for external forces ap plied to the wall part the width of which is e
30. urrent project ID W Ja Display settings opens a window of display settings Full screen mode outputs a graphic field in full screen mode hides a data input panel 4 Carry out calculation starts up the main program calculation outputs re sults on the screen Stability analysis Kranz method Stability analysis Anchor calculation t Framing beam calculation Calculated pressure plots a diagram of calculated pressure on sheet pile 23 GeoWall U Horizontal displacements plots a diagram of sheet pile wall horizontal dis placement Q Crosscutting force plots a diagram of sheet pile wall crosscutting force N Longitudinal force plots a diagram of sheet pile wall longitudinal force M Bending moment plots a diagram of sheet pile wall bending moment Ks safety coefficient in reinforcing element plots a diagram of safety coefti cient in reinforcing element Kb Safety coefficient in concrete plots a diagram of safety coefficient in con crete stage selection window where it is necessary to plot a diagram accord ing to calculation results Help outputs program help Data input panel Geology insert Physical and mechanical soil properties are inputted in Geology insert 24 SOFT GeoWall Geology wall Loads Stages Results Soil properties H Type of soil h m vue laga c kPa pice m Act fl Filled
31. used retaining wall Slurry wall Bored pipe wall Jet grouting Another Wall type Slurry wall ka Slurry wall Cross section properties Bored pile wall Jet grouting Strength analysis 2 GeoWall E J A Cross section properties opens a window for inputting geome try and strength characteristics of the selected retaining wall as well as for calcu lating effective section characteristics strength analysis sheet pile wall strength calculation is also carried out If it is necessary to calculate only moments and internal forces in retaining walls it is recommended to switch off this option for accelerating calculation In case of retaining wall calculation missing in Wal type list e g retaining wall from sheet piles of another profile it is possible to select Another point and specify user geometry and strength section characteristics b sheet pile wall spacing pile spacing or sheet pile length m A section area m2 W resisting moment m3 J inertia moment M4 E elasticity modulus MPa Rs ultimate strength Mpa Space 1 Depth 1 IN Angle of slope 45 deg 28 SOFT GeoWall Sheet pile wall section characteristics Slurry wall window The window allows to input geometry and strength characteristics of Slurry wall for carrying out further calculation Slurry wall Slurry wall characteristics Reinforcing parameters y OK Yall thickness 400 Rebar diameter 20 Cov
32. ve section characteristics are used at calculating retaining walls from boring and Jet piles as well as diaphragm walls in GeoWall program 16 El SOFT Geo Wall PROGRAM OVERVIEW GeoWall window looks like the following EE GeaWall Eem plete De cakuse Diagram Beads gengi bin Ys tH PU QO NM Ke Ku sua il J MG TUT MF PA AQ AA a a F Alar dor patines peste mana FO Also te depara of sl en pra atie rn depth The program window consists of the following elements Menu Toolbar Data input panel Graphic field data input panel 17 GeO Geo Wall Menu File menu Fie Calculate Diagrams Hew project F2 2 Open project F3 FE Reopen d Load last project H Save project F4 H Save as 5 Close project FS 1 About project F6 Exit New project creates a new working project key F2 Open a project opens a previously created project key F3 Reopen opens one of the three most recent projects Load last project El Save a project saves a current project key F4 B Save as saves a current project under a new name Close a project closes a current project key F5 G About project key F6 Exit exits GeoWall program Calculate menu Calculate Diagrams Results Settings Wall calculation F7 Stability analysis Kranz method Fe Stability analysis FO Anchor calculation F10 Framing beam calculation F11 Wall calculation
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