User's Guide VisiLine cameras (USB3 Vision™)
Contents
1. are adjustable from 0 to 5 msec in incre DebounceLow Incoming signals valid and invalid Debouncer t _ lbebounceHigh I l hp apauncatow U 30V Filtered signal 11V AL high time of the signal toebouncerign USer defined debouncer delay for state high toebounceLow User defined debouncer delay for state low 9 6 6 Flash Signal This signal is managed by exposure of the sensor Furthermore the falling edge of the flash output signal can be used to trigger a movement of the inspected objects For this reason the span time used for the sensor readout t can be used in industrial environments readout 9 6 7 Timers Timers were introduced for advanced control of internal camera signals For example using a timer allows you to control the flash signal in such a way that the illumination does not start synchronized to the sensor exposure but rather a predefined interval earlier On Baumer VLU cameras the timer configuration includes four components Trigger LU triggerdelay i 1 CS wl I 1 1 1 1 E texposure 8 Exposure l ttimerDelay e Lab 1 t TimerDuration 2 Timer Component Description TimerTriggerSource This feature provides a source selection for each timer TimerTriggerActiva This feature selects the part of the trigger signal edges or tion states that activates the timer TimerDelay This feature represents th2. Free running means the camera records images continuously without external events 11 3 2 Trigger The basic idea behind the trigger mode is the synchronization of cameras with machine cycles Trigger mode means that image recording is not continuous but rather triggered by external events 11 3 3 Sequencer Asequencer is used for the automated control of series of images using different settings for exposure time and gain 55 56 12 Cleaning Cover glass The sensor is mounted dust proof Remove of the cover glass for cleaning is not neces sary Avoid cleaning the cover glass of the sensor glass if possible To prevent dust follow the instructions under Install lens If you must clean it use compressed air or a soft lint free cloth dampened with a small quantity of pure alcohol Housing Volatile solvents for cleaning Volatile solvents damage the surface of the camera Never use volatile solvents benzine thinner for cleaning To clean the surface of the camera housing use a soft dry cloth To remove persistent stains use a soft cloth dampened with a small quantity of neutral detergent then wipe dry 13 Transport Storage Transport the camera only in its original packaging When the camera is not installed store it in its original packaging Storage Environment Storage temperature SiO Cente Om Ga OORT ole Storage Humidity 10 90 non condensing 14 D
3. On Baumer VLU cameras this feature is realized within the sequencer In order to generate this sequence the sequencer must be configured as follows Parameter Setting Sequencer Run Mode Once by Trigger Sets of parameters 0 2 Loops m 1 Repeats n 1 Frames Per Trigger z 2 9 8 Device Reset The Device Reset feature corresponds with the turn off and turn on of the camera The camera starts up again with the adjusted User Set It is therefore no longer necessary to interrupt the power supply 49 9 9 User Sets Four user sets 0 3 are available for the Baumer cameras in the VLU series User set 0 is the default set and contains the factory settings User sets 1 to 3 are user specific and can contain any user definable parameters see table below These user sets are stored within the camera and can be loaded saved and transferred to other cameras in the VLU series By using a so called user set default selector one of the four possible user sets can be selected as the default which means that the camera starts up with these adjusted 50 parameters Parameter AcquisitionStart FrameCounter AcquisitionStop ReadOutBuffering AcquisitionAbort Linelnverter AcquisitionFrameRate LineSource TriggerMode UserOutputValue TriggerSource UserOutputValueAll TriggerActivation LineDebouncerHighTimeAbs TriggerDelay LineDebouncerLowTimeAbs ExposureMode EventNotification ExposureTime HDREnable AcquisitionFr
4. 3 tearliestpossibletrigger n 1 texposure n texposure treadout 4 t t notready n 1 exposure n 8 3 3 1 Overlapped Operation texposure n 2 texposure n 1 During overlapped operation be mindful of the time interval during which the camera is unable to process trigger signals torea that occur This interval occurs between two exposures When this processing time t has elapsed the camera is able to react to external events again notready Once Lee has elapsed the timing of E depends on the readout time of the current image t sadou and exposure time of the next image t 1 It can be determined by the formulas mentioned above no 1 or 3 dependant on the case In case of identical exposure times t tion y remains the same from acquisition to acquisi notread I MoT t readout n 1 Flash 11 ot thashdelay 8 3 3 2 Overlapped Operation texposure n 2 7 texposure n 1 If the exposure time Le is increased from the current acquisition to the next acquisi tion the time the camera is unable to process occurring trigger signals t is scaled down accordingly reread This can be simulated with the formulas mentioned above no 2 or 4 dependant on the zm Trigger I Gegen triggerdelay t readout n 1 thash n 1 Flash ia Kos thashdelay Timings A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effe
5. Baumer User s Guide VisiLine cameras USB3 Vision Document Version v1 0 Release 24 09 2014 Document Number 11135443 Table of Contents 1 General tee OU e RT 6 2 General safety instructions sms 7 3 Intended USC sai case ected sacceceveeiceensces EENS SERGE EEEEE NEE ane termerssesannnessonenennasannesmitanntesent 7 d General Description nes dee Eege EEN 8 5 Camera Model Assesse ege eebe ane deeg 9 GT EE ET 10 GA Lens ele le E 10 6 2 Environmental Requirements aa E Aiai 10 E Nee EE 11 7 PiMASSIQNMO NG ic ccsicsssccecsces scceeceesssane ccces sccteceees senes eves dscce seven secdeveesssceedevesseceeceeessaeeeede 12 1 1 USB Alle 12 7 2 Digital OS Rue int annee Mean nt geen ant 12 7 2 1 LED Signali errn N O 13 8 Product Specifications piiss edna aerae anae aaa aAa E aa aa aaay 14 8 1 Spectral Sensitivity for Baumer VLU Cameras seesssessssssserireesrsrrrsseernneersrnnsss 14 8 2 Field of View Position 15 8 3 Acquisition Modes and Tumings 16 8 3 1 Free Running Mode 5s8225rrtirrpissee patent itrater anti EE 16 8 3 2 Fixed Frame Rate Mode ecccececceceeeeeeeeeeececceneaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeseteecsecsunaeeeeeees 17 8 3 3 Trigger MOE ceciren aee e a A tennis an teen denmenuiunene 18 8 3 4 Advanced Timings for USB 3 0 Vision Message Channel 22 84 Ota gruss EE dEr 24 8 4 1 Baumer GAP Anna ne eene 24 8 4 2 39 Patty SOMWANC 22255erabo
6. Output line Origin of ROI Offset X Y Figure 37 gt Timeline for a single sequence 46 9 7 Sequencer 9 7 1 General Information A sequencer is used for the automated control of series of images using different sets of parameters Sequencer Start d VS n S The figure above shows the fundamental structure of the sequencer module A sequence o is defined as a complete pass through all sets of parameters The loop counter m represents the number of sequence repetitions The repeat counter n is used to control the amount of images taken with the respective sets of parameters The start of the sequencer can be initiated directly free running or via an external event trigger The additional frame counter z is used to create a semi automated sequencer It is ab solutely independent from the other three counters and used to determine the number of frames per external trigger event The following timeline displays the temporal course of a sequence with n 5 repetitions per set of parameters vo 3 sets of parameters A B and C m 1 sequence and z 2 frames per trigger d 9 7 2 Baumer Optronic Sequencer in Camera xml file The Baumer Optronic sequencer is described in the category BOSequencer by the fol lowing features lt pFeat lt pFeat lt pFeat lt pFeat lt pFeat lt pFeat lt pFeat lt pFeat lt pFeat lt pFeat ure gt BoSeq
7. processed simultaneously Transformation to RGB or YUV color space External color adjustment Color adjustment as a physical balance of the spectral sensitivities A sub sampling of the chroma signals can be carried out to reduce the data rate of YUV signals Here the following items can be customized to the desired output format Order of data output e Sub sampling of the chroma components to YUV 4 2 2 or YUV 4 1 1 Data rate is limited to 8 bits 9 3 Color Adjustment White Balance The white balance is used to sensitize the camera to the color temperature of the light at the pickup location This feature is available on all color cameras in the Baumer VLU series and takes place within the Bayer processor White balance means independent adjustment of the three color channels red green and blue by using a correction factor for each channel 9 3 1 User specific Color Adjustment The user specific color adjustment in Baumer color cameras means you can adjust the correction factors for each color gain This way you can adjust the amplification of each color channel exactly to suit your needs The correction factors for the color gains range from 1 to 4 non adjusted histogramm after histogramm user specific color adjustment 9 3 2 One Push White Balance Here the three color spectrums are balanced to a single white point The correction fac tors of the color gains are determined by the camera one time
8. 02M VLU 02C VLU 12M VLU 12C VLU 03M VLU 03C Normal Flip vertical Reverse Y lt Figure 22 a j Flip image vertically Normal Flip horizontal Reverse X lt Figure 23 a j f 5 Flip image horizontally Normal Flip horizontal and vertical Reverse X Y lt Figure 24 es i Flip image horizontally and vertically 35 Figure 25 gt Color processing mod ules of Baumer color cameras Figure 26 gt Examples of histo grams for a non ad justed image and for an image after user specific white balance adjustment 36 9 2 Color Processing Baumer color cameras are balanced to a color temperature of 5000 K Oversimplified color processing is realized by 4 modules Sub YUV 4 2 2 White balance YUV 4 1 1 The sensor s r red g green and b blue color signals are amplified in total and digitized within the camera module Within the Bayer processor the raw signals r g and b are amplified using independent factors for each color channel Then the missing color values are interpolated which re sults in new color values r g b The luminance signal Y is also generated The next step is color transformation Here the previously generated color signals r g and b are converted to the chroma signals U and V which conform to the standard Then these signals are transformed into the desired output format The following steps are then
9. Device Information This information on the device is part of the camera s USB descriptor Included information Product ID PID Vendor ID VID Model Name Baumer USB Vendor ID Baumer USB Product ID Hexadecimal Hexadecimal VLU 02M 2825 010A VLU 02C 2825 010B VLU 03M 2825 0122 VLU 03C 2825 0123 VLU 12M 2825 010C VLU 12C 2825 010D General Unique Identifier GUID Device vendor name Manufacturer e Serial number iSerial Number 52 10 2 Baumer Image Info Header Chunk The Baumer Image Info Header is a data packet that is generated by the camera and integrated into the Payload every image if chunk mode is activated This integrated data packet contains different settings for the image Baumer GAPI can read the Image Info Header Chunk Third party software that supports chunk mode can read the features in the table below These settings are not exhaustive Feature Description ChunkOffsetX Horizontal offset from the origin to the area of interest in pixels ChunkOffsetY Vertical offset from the origin to the area of interest in pixels ChunkWidth Returns the width of the image included in the payload ChunkHeight Returns the height of the image included in the payload ChunkPixelFormat ChunkTimestamp ChunkExposureTime ChunkGainSelector ChunkGain ChunkFramelD ChunkBinningHorizontal ChunkBinningVertical Returns the pixel format of the image included in the pay
10. Example using a semi automated sequencer 48 9 7 3 2 Sequencer Controlled by Machine Steps trigger A 0 Trigger The figure above shows an example for a semi automated sequencer with three sets of parameters A B and C from the previous example The frame counter z is set to 2 This means the camera records two pictures after an incoming trigger signal 9 7 4 Capability Characteristics of Baumer GAPI Sequencer Module up to 128 sets of parameters up to 65536 loop passes up to 65536 repetitions of sets of parameters up to 65536 images per trigger event free running mode without initial trigger 9 7 5 Double Shutter This feature gives you the option to capture two images within a very short period of time Depending on the application this is performed in conjunction with a flash unit The first exposure time EEN is arbitrary and accompanied by the first flash The second expo sure time must be equal to or longer than the readout time tsasu of the sensor The pixels of the sensor are therefore receptive again shortly after the first exposure In order to realize the second short exposure time without an overrun of the sensor a second short flash must be used and any subsequent extraneous light prevented Trigger Ji oo o o o 4st 2nd Flash D Es 4st 2nd Exposure SUE S MEARGA 1 i Prevent Light i ZE 1 ond lt Figure 40 Readout 7 ci gt Example of a double shutter
11. discarded EventLost Event occurred but not analyzed TriggerReady trotready elapsed camera is able to process incoming trigger TriggerOverlapped Overlapped Mode detected TriggerSkipped Camera over triggered 54 11 Start Stop Behaviour 11 1 Start Stop Abort Acquisition Camera Once image acquisition is started three steps are processed within the camera e Determination of the current set of image parameters Exposure of the sensor Readout of the sensor Afterwards this process is repeated until the camera is stopped Stopping the acquisition means that the process mentioned above is aborted If the stop signal occurs within a readout the current readout will be completed before the camera is stopped If the stop signal occurs during an exposure this will be aborted Abort Acquisition The acquisition abort process is a special case where the current acquisition is stopped When an exposure is running the exposure is aborted immediately and the image is not read out 11 2 Start Stop Interface Transmission of image data from the camera to the PC will not proceed until the interface is started If image acquisition is started before the interface is activated the recorded images are lost If the interface is stopped during a transmission this is aborted immediately 11 3 Acquisition Modes In general three acquisition modes are available for the cameras in the Baumer VLU series 11 3 1 Free Running
12. ure gt BoSeq ure gt BoSeq ure gt BoSeq ure gt BoSeq ure gt BoSeq ure gt BoSeq ure gt BoSeq ure gt BoSeq ure gt BoSeq lt Category gt uen uen uen uen uen uen uen uen uen uen lt Category Name BOSequencer NameSpace Custom gt cerEnable lt pFeature gt cerStart lt pFeature gt cerRunOnce lt pFeature gt cerFreeRun lt pFeature gt cerSetSelector lt pFeature gt cerLoops lt pFeature gt cerSetRepeats lt pFeature gt cerFramesPerTrigger lt pFeature gt cerExposure lt pFeature gt cerGain lt pFeature gt Enable Disable Start Stop Run Once Cycle Free Running Trigger Configure set of parameters Number of sequences m Number of repetitions n Number of frames per trigger z Parameter exposure Parameter gain 9 7 3 Examples 9 7 3 1 Sequencer without Machine Cycle The figure above shows an example for a fully automated sequencer with three sets of parameters A B and C Here the repeat counter n is set to 5 and the loop counter m has a value of 2 When the sequencer is started with or without an external event the camera will record 5 images successively in each case using the sets of parameters A B and C which consti tutes a sequence After that the sequence is started again then the sequencer stops in this case the parameters are maintained lt Figure 38 Example using a fully automated sequencer 47 Figure 39 gt
13. 0 750 850 950 105 VLU 03M Wave Length nm VLU 03C Wave Length nm 10 10 08 08 0 o a a 5 5 a 06 S 06 a a Lo EN D D g g T 04 S 04 EN EN E D 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 VLU 12M Wave Length nm VLU 12C Wave Length nm TU 08 oO Ed Gi S 06 N EN D 2 Ki 04 E 02 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Filter glass Wave Length nm 8 2 Field of View Position The figures and table below show the typical accuracy by assumption of the root mean square value photosensitive surface of the sensor front cover glass thickness 1 0 1 mm cover glass of sensor thickness D optical path c mount 17 526 mm Camera E Xy ty X CA tz 4 A D Type mm Tomm mm mm mm NM mm mm VLU 02 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 025 0 7 16 1 07715 VLU 03 0 07 0 07 0 07 0 07 0 025 1 23 17 54 0 45 VLU 12 0 06 0 06 0 06 0 06 0 025 0 7 16 6 0 5 typical accuracy by assumption of the root mean square value CorM Dimension D in this table is from manufacturer datasheet edition 06 2012 15 Timings A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame n 1 effective Image parameters Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 16 8 3 Acquisition Modes and Timings Image acquisition consists of two separate s
14. 15 Warranty NOTOS eege ees eeeegeededee E rese ess esse seeds 57 16 SUPPO a acon cece cca sacks amas ennemi amant teen ea ee rates 57 1 General Information Thank you for purchasing a camera from the Baumer range This User s Guide describes how to connect set up and use the camera Read this manual carefully and observe the notes and safety instructions Target group for this User s Guide This User s Guide is aimed at experienced users who want to integrate camera s into a vision system Copyright Any duplication or reprinting of this documentation in whole or in part and the reproduc tion of the illustrations even in modified form is permitted only with the written approval of Baumer This document is subject to change without notice Classification of the safety instructions In the User s Guide the safety instructions are classified as follows Notice Gives helpful notes on operation or other general recommendations Indicates a potentially dangerous situation If the situation is not avoided 7 slight or minor injury could result or the device may be damaged 2 General safety instructions Heat can damage the camera Heat must be dissipated adequately to en sure that the temperatures do not exceed the values see Heat Transmis sion As there are numerous options for installation Baumer does not specify a specific method for proper heat dissipation
15. 4 4 Pixel depth In general pixel depth defines the number of possible different values for each color channel Mostly this will be 8 bit which means 28 different col ors For RGB or BGR these 8 bits per channel equate to 24 bits overall Two bytes are needed to transmit more than 8 bits per pixel even if the second byte is not completely filled with data In order to save bandwidth packed formats have been added to Baumer VLU cameras In these for mats the unused bits of one pixel are filled with data from the next pixel Sbit CN Bit 0 Bit 0 Bit 0 Bit 7 L L L J Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 12 bit unused bits a gt it Bit 0 Bit 11 L Byte 1 Byte 2 Packed Pixel 0 Pixel 1 r lt Figure 10 Bit string of Mono 8 bit and RGB 8 bit lt Figure 11 Spreading of Mono 12 bit over two bytes 1 BitO Bit1 Bit2 Bits DT Bit8 Bit9 Bit10 Bit 11 ETES TEE Bit7 Bit8 Bit9 Bit10 Bit11 EI Figure 12 L L 1 Spreading of two pix els in Mono 12 bit over Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 9 1 2 2 Pixel Formats on Baumer VLU Cameras d gt gt D g Z o a gt Si o O E al e 5 ES 5 B ZS 8 Camera Type a a x m gt gt gt Monochrome VLU 02M VLU 03M VLU 12M Color VLU 02C E np VLU 03C 8 VLU 12C a 8 three mode bytes packed 27 Figur
16. Device heats up during operation Skin irritation possible Do not touch the camera during operation Observe precautions for handling electrostatically sensitive devices 3 Intended Use The camera is used to capture images that can then be transferred over a USB 3 0 inter face to a PC Use the camera only for its intended purpose For any use that is not described in the technical documentation poses dangers and will void the warranty The risk has to be borne solely by the unit s owner 4 General Description No Description No Description 1 Lens mount C Mount 2 LED 3 Digital O 4 USB 3 0 port All VisiLine cameras with a USB 3 0 interface have the following features Very high image quality Flexible image acquisition Fast image transfer Perfect integration Compact design Reliable operation Low noise and structure free image information Industrially compliant process interface with parameter setting capability trigger and flash Reliable transmission at 5000 Mbit sec according to USB 3 0 v1 0 standard Single cable solution for data and power GenlCam and USB3 Vision compliant Flexible generic programming interface Baumer GAPI for all Baumer cameras Powerful Software Development Kit SDK with sample codes and help files for easy integration Baumer Camera Explorer Test Tool for all camera functions Camera features according to the SFNC v2 0 GenlCa
17. OEE S AAEN RIRE 44 9 6 6 Fl sh Signalas aoo T aAA ee a te G 44 9 6 7 2 ACER AE SES 45 9 6 8 Fraime COUNTER sc scacesvetacecevtveseneseevsgeacecuey sae aE ALA n oad EEU AAEN 45 97 SequeriCer issus rennais ane A Aa E NA 46 HCH General Information 42285 8208 64m rennais naine ged 46 9 7 2 Baumer Optronic Sequencer in Camera xml file ceeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 47 9 73 lune EE A7 9 7 4 Capability Characteristics of Baumer GAPI Sequencer Module 48 9 7 5 Double Shutter 242582 inner on ton ar raia a del 49 9 8 Device RESO Us iui ciciesenncatacndivceasecencecht EEE TEU E a a EaR a 49 OO User SOlS senidea raa a adaa a a aa a d aaa 50 9 10 Factory Seling E 51 9 11 Nuel ET 51 10 Interface Functionalities ii iissseseeenenenennnnnnnnnnnne 52 10 1 Device MIOrMAatiONn zcic25s heeds eee seisiaed av cas ss ERR EES 52 10 2 Baumer Image Info Header Chunk 53 102 M ss ge Kenn Del ceva ne Rene ent ad 54 1023 1 Event G neration suisses aa Ea mentionnent 54 11 Start Stop BehaviQUr 55e aaraa area Ea ada REAA EEEE 55 11 1 Start Stop Abort Acquisition Camera 55 11 2 Start Stop Intertace EE 55 11 3 Acquisition Modes cccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeecaeceeeeeeeeeecccaeceeeeeeeeeseesecsecsuaeeeeeeeeeess 55 11 3 1 Free RUNDING ss sens eeneg rcrsmerr terre E 55 hr See TEE 55 NB SCQUENGCER E 55 12 Cleaning TE 56 13 Transport RE CN 56 14 nl UE 56
18. ROI is an area of pixels of the sensor When an im age is acquired only the information about these pixels is transferred to the PC Not all lines of the sensor are read out which therefore decreases the readout time t This increases the frame rate readout This function is used when only a particular region of the field of view is of interest It is coupled with a reduction in resolution The ROI is specified by four values Offset X x coordinate of the first relevant pixel Offset Y y coordinate of the first relevant pixel SizeX horizontal size of the ROI Size Y vertical size of the ROI ROI Readout In the illustration below readout time would decrease to 40 of a full frame readout Readout lines 9 1 9 Binning On digital cameras you can find several operations for progressing sensitivity One of these is Binning Here the charge carriers of neighboring pixels are aggregated Thus the progression is greatly increased by the amount of binned pixels By using this opera tion the progression in sensitivity is coupled with a reduction in resolution Baumer cameras support three types of binning vertical horizontal and bidirectional In unidirectional binning vertically or horizontally neighboring pixels are aggregated and reported to the software as a single superpixel In bidirectional binning a square of neighboring pixels is aggregated Binning Illustration Example withou
19. ameRateEnable HDRPotentialAbs ReadoutMode HDRExposureRatio Gain Width Gamma Height BalanceWhiteAuto OffsetX BlackLevel OffsetY BrightnessCorrection BinningHorizontal BoSequencerEnable BoSequencerExposure BoSequencerFramesPerTrigger BoSequencerGain BoSequencerlOStatus BoSequencerLoops BoSequencerMode BoSequencerOffsetX BoSequencerOffsetY Gamma BoSequencerSetNumberOfSets BoSequencerSetRepeats BoSequencerStart ChunkModeActive ChunkEnable TimerDuration TimerDelay TimerTriggerSource TimerTriggerActivation BinningVertical ReverseX ReverseY PixelFormat TestimageSelector TestPattern LUTEnable LUTValue DefectPixelCorrection FixedPatternNoiseCorrection TxRetryCount RxRetryCount TxCommandoLength RxAcknowledgeLength Baudrate TxByteDelay TxMessageDelay RxSynchronizationDelay 9 10 Factory Settings The factory settings are stored in user set 0 the default user set This is the only user set that cannot be edited 9 11 Timestamp The timestamp is part of the USB 3 0 Vision standard It is 64 bits long and denoted in nanoseconds Any image or event includes its corresponding timestamp The timestampis not resettable with a function At power on or reset the timestamp starts running from zero 1123354 1123254 1123154 1123054 mi S SZ lt Figure 41 E Timestamps of recorded images 51 10 Interface Functionalities 10 1
20. ats up during operation Skin irritation possible Do not touch the camera operation lt Figure 2 Temperature measuring point Measurement Point Maximum Temperature T max 50 C 122 F 11 7 Pin Assignment 7 1 USB 3 0 Interface USB 3 0 Micro B oil El 12345 678910 1 VBUS 6 MicB_SSTX 2 D 7 MicB_SSTX 3 D 8 GND_DRAIN 4 ID 9 MicB_SSRX 5 GND 10 MicB_SSRX 7 2 Digital lOs Digital IOs M8 8 pins wire colors of the connecting cable 1 OUT white 5 JO Power VCC grey 2 notconnected brown 6 OUT pink 3 INT green 7 notconnected blue 4 IOGND yellow 8 OUT red In 1 SE LineO IO Ground IO Power VCC z gt Out 1 Line3 Out 2 Line1 ch Out 3 Line2 resistor must be used lout 16 MA by U 24 VDC recommended drawing shown above example for using high active signal 12 7 2 1 LED Signalling lt Figure 3 LED position on Baumer VLU camera Signal Meaning green USB 3 0 connection LED yellow USB 2 0 connection settings possible no frames Why can frames not be transferred over an USB 2 0 connection The camera needs to be supplied with more than 2 5W when transferring frames With an USB 2 0 connection maximally 2 5W are available Therefore switching off of the frame transfer is necessary However settings are
21. automatically within the camera t t exposure 7 VE Expo2 bot ein lines per cm NL HDR Off HDR On 9 1 6 Look Up Table The Look Up Table LUT is used on Baumer VLU monochrome and color cameras It contains 217 4096 values for the available levels These values can be adjusted by the user 9 1 7 Gamma Correction With this feature Baumer VLU cameras provide the option to compensate nonlinearity in the perception of light by the human eye For this correction the corrected pixel intensity Y is calculated using the original inten sity of the sensor s pixel Y igna and correction factor y using the following formula in an oversimplified version Pa original On Baumer VLU cameras the correction factor y is adjustable from 0 001 to 2 The values of the calculated intensities are entered into the Look Up Table see 9 1 5 Previously existing values within the LUT will be overwritten If the LUT feature is disabled on the software side the gamma correction feature is also disabled 0 A Figure 14 Non linear perception of the human eye H Perception of bright ness E Energy of light 31 Figure 15 gt ROI Parameters Figure 16 gt Decrease in readout time by using partial scan 32 9 1 8 Region of Interest ROI With the Region of Interest ROI function you can predefine a so called Region of Interest ROI or Partial Scan This
22. connected e g 10 Power Voo lin 3 4 Int cet te Line lt X 4 gt IO Ground 7 5 ad IO Power VCC Y 4 lout 6 RL Out 1 i Line3 Vv k lout 8 x Out 2 Line1 E lout 1_ sch out3 Line2 resistor must be used 16 mA by U 24 VDC recommended drawing shown above example for using high active signal 9 6 3 Trigger Trigger signals are used to synchronize the camera exposure and a machine cycle or in case of a software trigger to take images at predefined time intervals Trigger valid A ki Exposure RB ZE Readout CH KX x Time Different trigger sources can be used here 9 6 4 Trigger Source gale logi others progr gt 9 19 Gs electric 5 e d AT trigger oN aware 77 y ya e wa f a r dp X y F amp agger Signa A A De tri P Le Gi Each trigger source must be activated separately When the trigger mode is activated the hardware trigger is activated by default 11V 4 4 5V A Figure 32 Trigger signal valid for Baumer cameras lt Figure 33 Camera in trigger mode A Trigger delay B Exposure time C Readout time Trigger Delay The trigger delay is a flexible user defined delay between the given trigger impulse and the image cap ture The delay time can be set bet
23. correct the first defect pixel Finally the value of the second defect pixel is corrected by using the previously corrected pixel and the pixel on the other side of the defect pixel The correction process is able to correct up to two neighboring defect pixels Average Value yi Corrected Pixels 9 5 3 Defectpixellist As stated previously this list is determined within the production process of Baumer cam eras and stored in the factory settings Additional hot or cold pixels can develop during the lifecycle of a camera In this case Baumer gives you the option to add their coordinates to the defectpixellist You can determine the coordinates of the affected pixels and add them to the list Once the defectpixellist is stored in a user set pixel correction is carried out for all coordinates on the defectpixellist 1 Position in relation to Full Frame Format Raw Data Format No flipping 9 6 Process Interface 9 6 1 Digital IOs 9 6 1 1 User Definable Inputs The wiring of these input connectors is left to the user Sole exception is the compliance with predetermined high and low levels 0 4 5V low 11 30V high The defined signals will have no direct effect but can be analyzed and processed on the software side and used for controlling the camera The employment of a so called IO matrix offers the possibility of selecting the signal and the state to be processed On the software side the input si
24. ctive C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame n 1 effective E earliest possible trigger Image parameters Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 19 Timings A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame n 1 effective E earliest possible trigger F frame not started trigger skipped Image parameters Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 20 8 3 3 3 Overlapped Operation texposure n 2 lt texposure n 1 If the exposure time t is decreased from the current acquisition to the next acquisi See tion the time the camera is unable to process occurring trigger signals toteaa is scaled up accordingly If the t is decreased to the extent that t exceeds the pause between two incom exposure notready ing trigger signals the camera is unable to process this trigger and image acquisition will not start the trigger will be skipped ro TT Trigger SEN triggerdelay I See texposure n texposure n 1 i T texposure nt Exposure 8 Ba are t readout ni 1 i l f I l 1 readout n I t Readout thotready S TriggerReady i I i i thash n thash n 1 Flash nas thashdelay 4 Above a certain frequency of trigger signal skipping triggers becomes unavoi
25. dable In general this frequency depends on the combination of exposure and readout times 8 3 3 4 Non overlapped Operation If the frequency of the trigger signal is set long enough that the image acquisitions t t run successively the camera operates non overlapped exposure readout t readout n 1 thash n 1 Flash i thashdelay Timings A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame n 1 effective E earliest possible trigger Image parameters Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 21 22 8 3 4 Advanced Timings for USB 3 0 Vision Message Channel The following charts show some timings for event signalling by the asynchronous mes sage channel Explanations are provided for vendor specific events such as Trigger Ready TriggerSkipped TriggerOverlapped and ReadoutActive 8 3 4 1 TriggerReady This event signals whether the camera is able to process incoming trigger signals or not Trigger JL TIL o o t t exposure n exposure n 1 Exposure treadout n treadout n 1 Readout i Event TriggerReady thotready TriggerReady 8 3 4 2 TriggerSkipped If the camera is unable to process incoming trigger signals meaning that the camera should be triggered within the interval us these triggers are skipp
26. dout n SIB treadout n 1 8 Readout _ thash n thash n 1 Flash II et thashdelay Lesen texposure 1 Non overlapped means sequential 8 3 2 Fixed Frame Rate Mode With this feature Baumer introduces a clever technique to the VLU camera series that enables the user to predefine a desired frame rate in continuous mode For this mode the cameras are equipped with an internal clock generator that creates trigger pulses Above a certain frame rate skipping internal triggers becomes unavoidable In general this depends on the combination of the adjusted frame rate exposure and readout times 17 Timings A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame n 1 effective E earliest possible trigger Image parameters Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 18 8 3 3 Trigger Mode Image acquisition begins after a specified external event trigger occurs Depending on the interval of triggers used the camera can operate either non overlapped or overlapped in this mode With regard to timings in the trigger mode the following basic formulas need to be taken into consideration Case Formula 1 tearliestpossibletrigger n 1 z treadout n 7 toxposure n 1 texposure S treadout 2 t t t t 2 notready n 1 exposure n readout n exposure n 1
27. e 13 gt Incidence oflight causes charge separation on the semiconductors of the sensor 28 9 1 3 Exposure Time On exposure of the sensor the inclination of photons produces a charge separation on the semiconductors of the pixels This results in a voltage difference which is used for signal extraction ES Light Photon S Charge Carrier Pixel The signal strength is influenced by the incoming amount of photons It can be increased by increasing the exposure time t eee j On Baumer VLU cameras the exposure time can be set within the following ranges in crements of 1usec Camera Type te posure MIN texposure MAX Monochrome VLU 02M 4 usec 60 sec VLU 03M 4 usec 60 sec VLU 12M 4 usec 60 sec Color VLU 02C 4 usec 60 sec VLU 03C 4 usec 60 sec VLU 12C 4 usec 60 sec 9 1 4 PRNU DSNU Correction FPN Fixed Pattern Noise PRNU DSNU correction Camera Type CCD monochrome color VLU 02M VLU 02C VLU 12M VLU12C CMOS monochrome color VLU 03M VLU 03C m CMOS sensors exhibit non uniformities that are often called fixed pattern noise FPN However it is not actually noise but rather a fixed variation from pixel to pixel that can be corrected The advantage of using this correction is a more homogeneous picture which may simplify image analysis Variations of the dark signal from pixel to pixel are called dark signal non uniformity DSNU whereas photo respon
28. e interval between the incoming trig ger signal and the start of the timer TimerDuration This feature is used to adjust the activation time of the timer 9 6 7 1 Flash Delay As previously stated the timer feature can be used to start the connected illumination earlier than the sensor exposure This implies a timer configuration as follows The flash output must be wired to the selected internal timer signal The trigger source and trigger activation for the timer need to be the same as for the sensor exposure The TimerDelay feature t delay tesch The duration tin Of the timer signal should last until the exposure of the sensor is completed This can be realized using the following formula timerbelay NEES to be set to a lower value than the trigger be fine ee e 9 6 8 Frame counter The frame counter is part of the Baumer Image Info Header and is supplied with every im age if chunk mode is activated It is generated by hardware and can be used to verify that each of the camera s images is transmitted to the PC and received in the right order lt Figure 35 Poss ble timer con figuration on a Baumer VLU 45 Figure 36 gt Flow chart of sequencer m number of loop passes n number of set repetitions o number of sets of parameters z number of frames per trigger Sequencer Parameter The mentioned sets of parameters include the following Exposure time Gain factor
29. ed On Baumer VLU cameras the user will be informed about this fact by way of the TriggerSkipped event t t exposure n exposure n 1 Exposure treadout n treadout n 1 Readout thotready TriggerReady rtf TriggerSkipped Jf Lo 8 3 4 3 TriggerOverlapped This signal is active for as long as the sensor is exposed and read out at the same time meaning that the camera is operated overlapped Trigger Il TL II t t exposure n exposure n 1 Exposure treadout n treadout n 1 Readout T Event TriggerOverlapped Trigger Overlapped Once a valid trigger signal occurs outside of a readout the TriggerOverlapped signal changes to state low 8 3 4 4 ReadoutActive While the sensor is being read out the camera signals this with ReadoutActive Trigger Il JL t t exposure n exposure n 1 Exposure ji Event ReadoutActive treadout n treadout n 1 Readout Readout Active 23 24 8 4 Software 8 4 1 Baumer GAPI Baumer GAPI stands for Baumer Generic Application Programming Interface With this API Baumer provides an interface for optimal integration and control of Baumer cam eras It provides interfaces to several programming languages such as C C and the NET Framework on Windows meaning that other languages such as e g C or VB NET can also be used Baumer GAPI SDK higher than v2 2 supports USB3 Vision 8 4 2 3 Party Software Strict com
30. ed Baumer VLU cam eras conform with the directives of the CE 17 2 RoHS All VLU cameras comply with the recommendation of the European Union concerning RoHS Rules 59 Baumer Baumer Optronic GmbH Badstrasse 30 DE 01454 Radeberg Germany Phone 49 0 3528 4386 0 Fax 49 0 3528 4386 86 sales baumeroptronic com www baumer com TD D D 2 g ba 5 D z E E E D D 2 E p a Ei g 5 D bo 5 E D x O D Oo gt E c D a mm be E bi D T E S F Subject to change without notice Printed in Germany
31. er with the sensor downwards if the sensor is uncovered Avoid contact with any of the camera s optical surfaces 6 2 Environmental Requirements Temperature 10 C 70 C 14 F 158 F see Heat Transmission Storage temperature Operating temperature If the ambient temperature exceeds the values listed in the table below the camera must be cooled see Heat Transmission Humidity Storage and Operating Humidity 10 90 Non condensing 6 2 1 Mechanical Tests Environmen Standard Parameter tal Testing Vibration sinu IEC 60068 2 6 Search for Reso 10 2000 Hz sodial nance Amplitude under 1 5mm neath crossover frequencies Acceleration 1g Test duration 15 min Vibration IEC 60068 Frequency range 20 1000 Hz broad band 2 64 Acceleration 10g Displacement 5 7 mm Test duration 300 min Shock IEC 60068 Puls time 11 ms 6 2 27 ms Acceleration 50 g 100g Bump IEC60068 2 Pulse Time 2ms 29 Acceleration 80g 6 2 2 Heat Transmission Heat can damage the camera Heat must be dissipated adequately to en sure that the temperature does not exceed the values in the table below As there are numerous possibilities for installation Baumer do not specifiy a specific method for proper heat dissipation but suggest the following principles e operate the cameras only in mounted condition mounting in combination with forced convection may provide proper heat dissipation Device he
32. gnals are named Trigger Timer and LineOut 1 3 state selection signal selection inverter software side I 1 oT I Trigger Input Line 1 E Timer EI mie LineOut 1 Output We LineOut 2 Output LineOut 3 Output a Figure 30 10 matrix of the Baumer VLU on the in put side IO Matrix 41 42 Figure 31 gt IO matrix of the Baumer VLU on the out put side 9 6 1 2 Configurable Outputs With this feature Baumer offers the possibility of wiring the output connectors to internal signals which are controlled on the software side Hereby on VisiLine cameras the output connector can be wired to one of provided inter nal signal Off ExposureActive Line 0 Timer 1 3 ReadoutActive User 2 TriggerReady TriggerOverlapped TriggerSkipped Sequencer Output 0 2 Beside this the output can be disabled 73 2 Sg state selection signal selection E 5 inverter software side a0 i 1 T 1 E Ei Output Line 1 Ei ZS ZS E 33 Output Line 2 4 2 S Output Line 3 Ei 8 ZS 3 5 10 Matrix gt 9 6 2 10 Circuits Notice Low Active At this wiring only one consumer can be connected When all Output pins 1 2 3 connected to IO_GND then current flows through the resistor as soon as one Output is switched If only one output connected to IO_GND then this one is only us able The other three outputs are not usable and may not be
33. isposal Do not dispose of outdated products with electrical or electronic circuits in your normal domestic waste but rather according to your national law and the directives 2002 96 EC and 2006 66 EC for recycling electronic waste The proper disposal of obsolete equipment will help to save valuable resources and prevent possible adverse effects on human health and the environment Returning the packaging to the material cycle helps conserve raw materials 4 y and reduces the production of waste When no longer required dispose of the packaging materials in accordance with the local regulations in force Keep the original packaging during the warranty period in order to be able to pack the device properly in the event of a warranty claim 15 Warranty Notes If it is obvious that the device is was dismantled reworked or repaired by anyone other than Baumer technicians Baumer Optronic will not take any responsibility for the sub sequent performance and quality of the device 16 Support If you have any problems with the camera feel free to contact our support Worldwide Baumer Optronic GmbH Badstrasse 30 DE 01454 Radeberg Germany Tel 49 0 3528 4386 845 Email support cameras baumer com Website www baumer com 57 58 17 Conformity COMPLIANT Cameras of the Baumer VLU family comply with s CE e RoHS 17 1 CE We declare under our sole responsibility that the previously describ
34. load Returns the Timestamp of the image included in the pay load at the time of the FrameStart internal event Returns the exposure time used to capture the image Selects which Gain to retrieve data from Returns the gain used to capture the image Returns the unique Identifier of the frame or image included in the payload Number of horizontal photo sensitive cells to combine together Number of vertical together photo sensitive cells to combine lt Figure 42 Location of the Baumer Image Info Header 53 10 3 Message Channel The asynchronous message channel is described in the USB 3 0 Vision standard and allows you to signal events There is a timestamp 64 bits for each announced event which contains the accurate time at which the event occurred Each event can be activated and deactivated separately 10 3 1 Event Generation Event Description GenlCam ExposureStart Exposure started ExposureEnd Exposure ended FrameStart Acquisition of a frame started FrameEnd Acquisition of a frame ended LineORising Rising edge detected on IO Line 0 LineOFalling Falling edge detected on IO Line 0 Line1Rising Rising edge detected on IO Line 1 Line1 Falling Falling edge detected on 1O Line 1 Line2Rising Rising edge detected on lO Line 2 Line2Falling Falling edge detected on 1O Line 2 Line3Rising Rising edge detected on lO Line 3 Line3Falling Falling edge detected on 1O Line 3 Vendor specific EventDiscarded Event
35. lters are placed on these sensors in a checkerboard pattern generally in a 50 green 25 red and 25 blue array a Monochrome The color range of mono images consists of shades of a sin gle color In general shades of gray or black and white are synonymous with monochrome Color model in which all detectable colors are defined by three coordinates Red Green and Blue Se Less Blue The three coordinates are displayed within the buffer in the order R G B Here the color alignment mirrors RGB Color model which is used in the PAL TV standard and in image compression In YUV a high bandwidth luminance signal Y luma information is transmitted together with two color difference signals with low bandwidth U and V chroma information U represents the difference between blue and luminance U B Y V is the difference between red and luminance V R Y The third color green does not need to be transmitted as its value can be calculated from the other three values YUV 4 4 4 Here each of the three components has the same sample rate There is therefore no sub sampling in this case YUV 4 2 2 The chroma components are sampled at half the sample rate This reduces the necessary bandwidth to two thirds in relation to 4 4 4 and causes no or low visual differences YUV 4 1 1 Here the chroma components are sampled at a quarter of the sample rate This decreases the necessary bandwidth by half in relation to 4
36. m compliant XML file to show the camera features Supplied with installation program including automatic camera recognition for easy commis sioning Light weight Flexible assembly State of the art camera electronics and precision mechanics Low power consumption and minimal heat genera tion 5 Camera Models lt Figure 1 Baumer VLU camera Sensor Pun Camera Type Resolution Frames Siza max fps CCD Sensor monochrome color VLU 02M VLU 02C 1 4 656 x 490 160 VLU 12M VLU 12C 1 3 1288 x 960 42 CMOS Sensor monochrome color VLU 03M VLU 03C 1 3 640 x 480 376 Dimensions 3 5 26 12 oF R n 2 M2 depth 3 4 M3 depth ir 39 8 M3 depth 3 CGMoumt i 26 14 2 48 3 9 8 Pixel 0 0 3 5 26 10 6 Installation Observe precautions for handling electrostatically sensitive devices 6 1 Lens mounting Notice Ensure the sensor and lens are not contaminated with dust and airborne particles when mounting the support or the lens to the device The following points are very important Install the camera in an environment that is as dust free as possible Keep the dust cover bag on the camera for as long as possible Hold the print
37. mecrerssri tendre aana reset inerte nee ANETES 24 9 Camera F unctionalities ssssisersscrnnessessenneanmessensesmntasannennetesrenensensnn ns 25 9 1 Image Acquisition ss 25 9 11 Image FormMat sssssisissssssinnnthisrme ride mars ina last a E 25 SCH PIXEL FOr Mat usteet SEENEN deed 26 9 1 3 EXPOSUPE TIM nessau eed advised aden een ede 28 9 1 4 PRNU DSNU Correction FPN Fixed Pattern Nose 29 9 1 5 HDR High Dynamic Range cii cccssisiisescnvidasiessieaseievaiiaercnvilaeniienaianeens 30 9 1 6 Look Up Table sise 31 GN alle E ee E EN 9 1 8 Region of Interest HOI 32 9 1 9 lune BEE 33 9 1 10 Brightness Correction Binning Correction 34 9 1 11 FD Hl ue EE 35 9 2 Color PrOCESSING EE 36 9 3 Color Adjustment White Balance ccc eceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetteeeeeeeteeeeseenaeeeeeneaes 36 9 3 1 User specific Color Adjustment cece eect eee eeente eee eeeeneeeeetenaaeeeseeeaees 36 9 3 2 One Push White Balance 2 00 0 ccccccccccccccecccceeeecesesesaeeeeeeeeeeseeeseceeeeeeeseseeeeeeees 37 9 4 Analog Controls sise 37 9 4 1 Offset Black Level 37 iA 2 GAIN WEE 38 Ex Pixel COPS CHOM egen gegeegeesegereee a Deeg tess 39 9 5 1 General information iii 39 9 5 2 Correction Algorithm eserse a E EEN 40 9 5 3 Defectpixelli Stirenn A E aA EE eA S PEA Eed 40 9 6 Process un E e 41 GEESCHT E 41 9 6 2 lee le TE 42 EE ue e EE 43 9 0 4 Une 43 9 6 5 DebouNCer sisshsssssanmnsess aa E A SEE
38. non adjusted histogramm after histogramm one push white balance a Figure 27 Examples of histograms for a non adjusted im age and for an image after one push white gt e balance adjustment 9 4 Analog Controls 9 4 1 Offset Black Level CCD Sensor On Baumer VLU cameras with CCD sensors the offset or black level is adjustable from 0 to 255 LSB relating to 12 bit Camera Type Increments of 1 LSB Relating to Monochrome VLU 02M 12 bit VLU 12M 12 bit Color VLU 02C 12 bit VLU 12C 12 bit CMOS Sensor On Baumer VLU cameras with CMOS sensors the offset or black level is adjustable from 0 to 255 LSB relating to 12 bit Camera Type Increments of 1 LSB Relating to Monochrome VLU 03M 12 bit Color VLU 03C 12 bit 37 9 4 2 Gain In industrial environments motion blur is unacceptable Therefore exposure times are limited However this causes low output signals from the camera and results in dark im ages To solve this issue the signals can be amplified by a user defined gain factor within the camera This gain factor is adjustable Increasing the gain factor causes an increase in image noise CCD Sensor Camera Type Gain factor db Monochrome VLU 02M 0 29 5 VLU 12M 0222975 Color VLU 02C 0 29 5 VLU 12M 0 29 5 CMOS Sensor Camera Type Gain factor db Monochrome VLU 03M 0 18 Color VLU 03C 0 18 38 9 5 Pixel Correction 9 5 1 General info
39. pliance with the GeniCam and USB3 Vision standards allows Baumer to offer the use of 3 Party software You can find a current list of 3 Party software that has been tested successfully in com bination with Baumer cameras at htip www baumer com de en products identification image processing software and starter kits third party software 9 Camera Functionalities 9 1 Image Acquisition 9 1 1 Image Format A digital camera usually delivers image data in at least one format the native resolution of the sensor Baumer cameras are able to provide several image formats depending on the type of camera Compared with standard cameras the image format on Baumer cameras includes not only the resolution but also a set of predefined parameters These parameters are Resolution horizontal and vertical dimensions in pixels e Binning Mode N N o x lt x lt x N qe N 2 3 S Le Les 5 E E E Camera Type LL m m m Monochrome VLU 02M a VLU 03M 8 VLU 12M Color VLU 02C np 8 VLU 03C a VLU 12C np a 26 9 1 2 Pixel Format On Baumer digital cameras the pixel format depends on the selected image format 9 1 2 1 Definitions RAW Bayer Figure 8 gt Sensor with Bayer Pattern Mono RGB Figure 9 gt RBG color space dis played as color tube BGR YUV Raw data format Here the data is stored without being processed Raw data format of color sensors Color fi
40. rmation There is a certain probability of abnormal pixels so called defect pixels occurring for sensors from all manufacturers The charge quantity on these pixels is not linearly depen dent on the exposure time The occurrence of these defect pixels is unavoidable and intrinsic to the manufacturing and aging process of the sensors The operation of the camera is not affected by these pixels They only appear as brighter warm pixel or darker cold pixel spots on the recorded image Warm Pixel Cold Pixel Charge quantity Charge quantity Warm Pixel Normal Pixel Charge quantity Cold Pixel lt Figure 28 Distinction of hot and cold pixels within the recorded image lt Figure 29 Charge quantity of hot and cold pixels com pared with normal pixels 39 A0 9 5 2 Correction Algorithm On cameras in the Baumer VLU series the problem of defect pixels is solved as follows Possible defect pixels are identified during the camera s production process The coordinates of these pixels are stored in the factory settings of the camera Once the sensor readout is completed correction takes place Before any other processing the values of the neighboring pixels on the left and the right side of the defect pixels are read out within the same Bayer phase for color Then the average value of these 2 pixels is determined to
41. se non uniformity PRNU de scribes variations in sensitivity DSNU is corrected via an offset while PRNU is corrected using a factor The correction is based on columns It is important that the correction values are calcu lated for the sensor readout configuration used During camera production this is derived from the factory defaults If other settings are used e g different number of readout chan nels using this correction with the default data set may degrade the image quality In this case the user may derive a specific data set for the setup used without PRNU DSNU Correction with PRNU DSNU Correction Example image PRNU DSNU Correction can not be disabled 29 30 9 1 5 HDR High Dynamic Range HDR Camera Type CCD monochrome color VLU 02M VLU 02C VLU 12M VLU12C CMOS monochrome color VLUC 03M VLU 03C Alongside the standard linear response the sensor also supports a special high dynamic range mode HDR called piecewise linear response With this mode illuminated pixels that reach a certain programmable voltage level are clipped Darker pixels that do not reach this threshold remain unchanged The clipping can be adjusted twice within a single exposure by configuring the respective time slices and clipping voltage levels See the figure below for details In this mode the values for Lu texpo1 Pot and Pot can be edited The value for t is calculated
42. still possible 13 Figure 4 gt Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 0 3 MP CCD sensors Figure 5 gt Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 0 3 MP CMOS sensors Figure 6 gt Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 1 2 MP CCD sensors Figure 7 gt Curve of the UV IR blocking filter for color cameras 14 8 Product Specifications 8 1 Spectral Sensitivity for Baumer VLU Cameras The following graphs show the spectral sensitivity characteristics of monochrome and color matrix sensors for VLU cameras The curves for the sensors do not take the char acteristics of lenses and light sources without filters into account Values relate to the respective technical data sheets for the sensors 10 10 08 08 oO o a a 5 5 S 06 S o6 n a EN EN D D g 3 04 E 04 E EN D a 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 VLU 02M Wave Length nm VLU 02C Wave Length nm 60 60 50 50 z S E 2 gt 40 D 5 S 40 2 5 m E 30 H 30 5 S a bai 3 20 5 20 10 10 o 0 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 350 450 550 65
43. t lt 4 Figure 17 Full frame image no binning of pixels Tr es 1x2 lt Figure 18 Vertical binning causes a doubly bright vertical 8 ly compressed image 2x1 lt Figure 19 Horizontal binning causes a doubly bright horizontally compressed image lt Figure 20 2x2 Bidirectional binning causes both a hori zontally and vertically compressed image with quadruple brightness 33 9 1 10 Brightness Correction Binning Correction Aggregation of charge carriers may cause an overload Binning correction was introduced to prevent this Here three binning modes need to be considered separately Binning Realization 15e 1x2 binning is performed within the sensor binning correction also takes place here A possible overload is prevented by halving the exposure time 2x1 2x1 binning takes place within the FPGA of the camera The binning cor rection is realized by aggregating the charge quantities and then halving this sum 2x2 2x2 binning is a combination of the above versions Total charge quantity of the Binning 2x2 4 aggregated pixels Figure 21 gt Aggregation of charge carriers from four pixels in bidirectional binning Charge quantity Super pixel 34 9 1 11 Flip Image The Flip Image function lets you flip the captured images horizontally and or vertically before they are transmitted from the camera Any defined ROI will also be flipped Horizontal Vertical Camera Type VLU
44. uccessively processed components Exposing the pixels on the photosensitive surface of the sensor is only the first part of the image acquisition process Once the first step is completed the pixels are read out The exposure time t readout t exposure CAN be adjusted by the user however the time needed for the is determined by the particular sensor and image format Geier Baumer cameras can be operated in three different modes Free Running Mode Fixed Frame Rate Mode and Trigger Mode The cameras can be operated non overlapped or overlapped depending on the mode used and the combination of exposure and readout time Overlapped Operation Here the time intervals are long enough In this operation mode the exposure of a to process the exposure and readout suc frame n 1 occurs during the readout of Non overlapped Operation cessively frame n Exposure Exposure Readout Readout 8 3 1 Free Running Mode In the Free Running mode the camera records images permanently and transfers them to the PC To achieve the best results with regard to the adjusted exposure time t and image format the camera is operated overlapped exposure In case of exposure times equal to less than the readout time t posure lt tu the maxi mum frame rate is provided for the image format used For longer exposure times the frame rate of the camera is reduced III toxposure n 1 texposure n Exposure a trea
45. ween 0 0 usec and 2 0 sec in increments of 1 usec Where there are multiple triggers during the delay the triggers will also be stored and delayed The buffer is able to store up to 512 trigger signals during the delay Your benefits k No need for an external trigger sensor to be perfect ly aligned k Different objects can be captured without hardware changes lt Figure 34 Examples of possible trigger sources 43 Debouncer Please note that the edges of valid trigger signals are shifted by t and DebounceHigh t DebounceLow Depending on these two timings the trigger signal may be temporally stretched or compressed 44 9 6 5 Debouncer The basic idea behind this feature was to separate interfering signals short peaks from valid square wave signals which can be important in industrial environments Debouncing means that invalid signals are filtered out and signals lasting longer than a user defined testing time Leet Will be recognized and routed to the camera to induce a trigger In order to detect the end of a valid signal and filter out possible jitters within the signal a second testing time t ebounceLow Was introduced The timing for this can also be adjusted by the user If the signal value falls to state low and does not rise within t this is recognized as the end of the signal DebounceLow and t DebounceHigh The debouncing times t ments of 1 usec
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