Baumer EXG User's Guide for Gigabit Ethernet
Contents
1. cooocccccocncnccoccnccnccnnonacononanononanenononens 34 6 Start Stop BehavioOur srrasrernunrnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnunnnunnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnennunnnnunnnnennnennnunnnuennver 35 6 1 Start Stop Acquisition Lu E CC tuc coto e oupe ho eee aeuo basa serait Dr da desnde 35 6 2 Start Stop Interface REIR RTT DEDE 35 Pas FRE ENN 35 6 4 Acquisition Modes ivezwtextupdA usas Eme S C E UIN FS QU viii 35 6 4 1 Free nn e T T 35 e E a 35 T Notes and Instructions rnnnnnnnnnnnnnnvnvnvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnvnnnnnvnenennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnenennunnnnnnn 36 ll VE Nede 36 p ES MOUNINO E m em 36 GONG 37 MINES E 37 8 2 FCC Class B DOV ICC imei ceci 37 1 Camera Models Camera Type Monochrome EXGO3 EXG50 Color EXG03c Dimensions Sensor Size 1 3 VS LE 36 Sensor Photosensitive surface of the Resolution 752 x 480 2592 x 1944 748 x 476 lt Figure 1 Front and rear view of a Baumer EXG camera Full Frames max fps 60 14 60 lt Figure 2 Dimensions of a Baumer EXG camera 2 Product Specifications 2 1 Sensor Specifications 2 1 1 Quantum Efficiency for Baumer EXG Cameras The quantum efficiency characteristics of monochrome and color matrix sensors for Baumer EXG cameras are displayed in the following graphs The characteristic curves for the sensors do not take the characteristics of lenses and light sources without filters into consideration Va2. D jo DO e c Be D E Subject to change without notice Printed in Germany 02 09
3. Timings A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame n 1 effective Image parameters Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 2 2 Timings The image acquisition consists of two seperate successively processed components Exposing the pixels on the photosensitive surface of the sensor is only the first part of the image acquisition After completion of the first step the pixels are read out Thereby the exposure time t can be adjusted by the user however the time need exposure ed for the readout t is given by the particular sensor and used image format readout Baumer cameras can be operated with two modes the Free Running Mode and the Trigger Mode The cameras can be operated non overlapped or overlapped Depending on the mode used and the combination of exposure and readout time Non overlapped Operation Overlapped Operation Here the time intervals are long enough In this operation the exposure of a frame to process exposure and readout succes n 1 takes place during the readout of sively frame n Exposure Exposure Readout Readout Due to the differing CMOS sensor models installed to the Baumer EXG cameras the operation modes are subdevided into the respective camera models 2 2 1 Free Running Mode In the Free Running mode the camera records images permanently and sends them to th
4. User s Guide for Gigabit Ethernet Cameras Table of Contents 1 S DLDCNUPLIE 5 2 Product Specifications vasene 6 2 1 Sensor SPECNECANONS RETE 6 2 1 1 Quantum Efficiency for Baumer EXG Cameras nnnnsnnunennesennnennnnnrrenrnnennni 6 A An 6 22 leie RR E OPE ST PO Do 8 2 2 1 Free Running MOTE Ler Dm 8 VA PE MOJ NE Je eek 9 2 3 Process and Data Interface cccooccccococonccocnnccocnnconanonnonanonononnncnnannnnnanonononeness 11 2 3 1 Pin Assignment Gigabit Ethernet Interface 11 2 3 2 Pin Assignment Power Supply and Digital Oe 11 PES ED SPANN 11 2 4 Environmental e Un TE 12 2 4 1 Temperature and Humidity fag EE 12 2 4 2 Heat TSN Neeme ba abad ME kand ann 12 MEC em H 13 SMS MICI nos nin 13 3 2 13 4 Camera Functionalities amina ci 14 A1 Image ee UN E de EE rebote ice 14 4 1 1 Image Format MIT TT mmm 14 1212 PA EE 15 4 1 3 PTE 17 4 1 4 High Dynamic Range HDR cosida E Ee 17 4 1 5 Look Up Table RM dis 17 4 1 6 Gamma Correction MERE 17 4 1 7 Partial Scan Area of Interest AC 18 S MEME 19 4 1 9 Brightness Correction Binning Correchon eee 20 12 Seo Fh OCS SSN sc cecal T EUER 20 4 3 Color Adjustment White Balance AE 20 4 3 1 User specific Color Adjustment seen 21 4 3 2 One Push White Balance isc s ebud o dos baud pia Mor uei Eau d reda 21 4 4 Analog 169
5. The factory settings are stored in user set 0 which is the default user set This is the only user set that is not editable 4 9 Timestamp The timestamp is part of the GigE Vision standard It is 64 bits long and denoted in Ticks Any image or event includes its corresponding timestamp At power on or reset the timestamp starts running from zero 1123354 A zx N wm N a BK A zx N e a R A zx N w o a ER 3 a N N N N o I a a R A A 3 N N a a ER A zx N N Ka a A A 3 N N wo a R Tick is the internal time unit of the camera it lasts 32 nsec 5 Interface Functionalities 5 1 Device Information This Gigabit Ethernet specific information on the device is part of the Discovery Acknowl edge of the camera Included information MAC address Current IP configuration persistent IP DHCP LLA Current IP parameters IP address subnet mask gateway Manufacturer s name Manufacturer specific information Device version Serial number User defined name user programmable string 5 2 Packet Size and Maximum Transmission Unit MTU Network packets can be of different sizes The size depends on the network components employed When using GigE Vision compliant devices it is generally recommended to use larger packets On the one hand the overhead per packet is smaller on the other hand larger packets cause less CPU load The packet size of UDP pack
6. l I IO GND j 10 GND I L IO GND Position in relation to Full Frame Format 23 4 6 2 Trigger Input 30V Trigger signals are used to synchronize the camera exposure and a machine cycle or in case of a software trigger to take images at predefined time intervals 11V 4 5V Trigger valid 0 A Figure 30 A Trigger signal valid for B Baumer cameras Exposure I B gt FSCO oY Figure 31 gt Camera in trigger C mode A Trigger delay Readout B Exposure time global shutter B Exposure time rolling shutter C Readout time 4 6 3 Trigger Source Different trigger sources can be used here Trigger Delay The trigger delay is a flexible user defined delay between the given trigger impulse and the image cap ar ture The delay time can PY be set between 0 0 usec and 2 0 sec with a stepsize of 1 usec In the case of multiple triggers during the delay the triggers will be others eCtric e Se A stored and delayed too The buffer is able to store up to 512 trigger signals during the delay Your benefits No need for a perfect alignment of an external trigger sensor Different objects can be captured without hardware changes Figure 32 Examples of possible trigger sources Each trigger source has to be activated separately When the trigger mode is activate
7. adjustment in Baumer color cameras facilitates adjustment of the correction factors for each color gain This way the user is able to adjust the amplifica tion of each color channel exactly to his needs The correction factors for the color gains range from 1 to 4 non adjusted histogramm after histogramm user specific color adjustment A LA 4 3 2 One Push White Balance Here the three color spectrums are balanced to a single white point The correction fac tors of the color gains are determined by the camera one time non adjusted histogramm after histogramm one push white balance A LA 4 4 Analog Controls 4 4 1 Offset Black Level On Baumer cameras the offset or black level is adjustable from O to 16 LSB relating to 8 bit The given values refer to the digital Offset The analog offset works automatically and is not adjustable Camera Type Step Size 1 LSB Relating to Monochrome EXG03 10 bit EXG50 12 bit Color EXGO3C 10 bit 4 4 2 Gain In industrial environments motion blur is unacceptable Due to this fact exposure times are limited However this causes low output signals from the camera and results in dark images To solve this issue the signals can be amplified by a user defined gain factor within the camera This gain factor is adjustable from 1 to 10 Increasing the gain factor causes an increase of image noise lt Figure 25 Examples of histo gramms for a non adjusted image
8. and for an image after user specific white balance Figure 26 Examples of histo gramms for a non ad justed image and for an image after one push white balance Some models of the EXG series are equipped with the ability for automatic ad justment of the gain factor by means of target settings in respect of the intensity of the recorded images 21 Figure 27 Distinction of hot and cold pixels within the recorded image Figure 88 Charge quantity of hot and cold pixels com pared with normal pixels Figure 29 Schematic diagram of the Baumer pixel correction 22 4 5 Pixel Correction 4 5 1 General information A certain probability for abnormal pixels the so called defect pixels applies to the sen sors of all manufacturers The charge quantity on these pixels is not linear dependent on the exposure time The occurrence of these defect pixels is unavoidable and intrinsic to the manufacturing and aging process of the sensors The operation of the camera is not affected by these pixels They only appear as brighter warm pixel or darker cold pixel spot in the recorded image Warm Pixel Cold Pixel Charge quantity Warm Pixel Charge quantity gt Normal Pixel Charge quantity Cold Pixel 4 5 2 Correction Algorithm On monochrome cameras of the Baumer EXG series the problem of defect pixels is solved as follows Possible defect p
9. for operation with cameras of the EXG series You can find a current listing of 3 Party Software which was tested successfully in com bination with Baumer cameras at http www baumer com 4 Camera Functionalities 4 1 Image Acquisition 4 1 1 Image Format A digital camera usually delivers image data in at least one format the native resolution of the sensor Baumer cameras are able to provide several image formats depending on the type of camera Compared with standard cameras the image format on Baumer cameras not only in cludes resolution but a set of predefined parameter These parameters are Resolution horizontal and vertical dimensions in pixels e Binning Mode see chapter 4 1 6 CN e CN St D x x gt lt x E e CN CN St 2 2 2 e E E Camera Type H en en en en Monochrome EXGO3 El E E i EXG50 E a B Color EXGO3C E O 14 4 1 2 Pixel Format On Baumer digital cameras the pixel format depends on the selected image format 4 1 2 1 RAW Bayer Mono RGB BGR YUV Definitions Raw data format Here the data are stored without processing Raw data format of color sensors Color filters are placed on these sensors in a checkerboard pattern generally in a 50 green 25 red and 25 blue array Monochrome The color range of mono images consists of shades of a single color In general shades of gray or black and white are synonyms for mono ch
10. occure in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or televi sion reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off an on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help 37 Index Symbole ard Pany SOWIE scsi e en Pl E E OOO Meu 13 E E UU III EE T T 16 21 a arn O E A 11 jo get o 16 A T T HE 16 21 A NNN 14 33 55 FN 34 Pu OG COI ONS EEE omm 21 e m 18 Area of IMereSt ON E EE E RT 18 ASUACITONCUS RESE SR ME EE C T T T LT 35 B ss AAA T EEEE E EEEE 13 29 Se T 15 16 20 DIVER e pecan caren 16 za asco e 16 sca CA mm 16 zoo RC H 15 16 BGR SPI Ea 16 o o A 14 19 20 26 A En BC OO E 14 SI uo EE
11. the network Such bursts can lead to an overload of several network components and a loss of packets This can occur especially when using several cameras Figure 35 A In the case of two cameras sending images at the same time this would theoretically oc Operation of two camer cur at a transfer rate of 2 Gbits sec The switch has to buffer this data and transfer it at a PNAN a alt speed of 1 Gbit sec afterwards Depending on the internal buffer of the switch this oper nad ates without any problems up to n cameras n gt 1 More cameras would lead to a loss of Data processing within the switch is displayed in the next two figures packets These lost packets can however be saved by employing an appropriate resend mechanism but this leads to additional load on the network components Figure 36 Operation of two cam eras employing a minimal inter packet gap IPG 5 3 2 Example 2 Multi Camera Operation Optimal IPG A better method is to increase the IPG to a size of optimal IPG packet size 2 x minimal IPG In this way both data packets can be transferred successively zipper principle and the switch does not need to buffer the packets On the Gigabit Ethernet the max IPG and the data packet must not exceed 1 Gbit Otherwise data pack ets can be lost Figure 37 Operation of two camer as employing an optimal inter packet gap IPG 28 5 4 IP Configuration On Baumer cameras
12. time t This increases the frame rate readout This function is employed when only a region of the field of view is of interest It is coupled to a reduction in resolution The ROI is specified by four values Offset X x coordinate of the first relevant pixel Offset Y y coordinate of the first relevant pixel Size X horizontal size of the ROI Size Y vertical size of the ROI End ROI 4 1 8 Binning On digital cameras you can find several operations for progressing sensitivity One of them is the so called Binning Here the charge carriers of neighboring pixels are aggre gated Thus the progression is greatly increased by the amount of binned pixels By using this operation the progression in sensitivity is coupled to a reduction in resolution Baumer cameras support three types of Binning vertical horizontal and bidirectional In unidirectional binning vertically or horizontally neighboring pixels are aggregated and reported to the software as one single superpixel In bidirectional binning a square of neighboring pixels is aggregated Binning Illustration Example without 1x2 2x1 2x2 4x4 lt Figure 18 Full frame image no binning of pixels Figure 19 Vertical binning causes a vertically compressed image with doubled brightness lt Figure 20 Horizontal binning causes a horizontally compressed im age with doubled brightness lt Figure 21 B
13. 10 EEE EEE 21 4 4 1 Offset Black Level s 21 RENE Eg EEE EEE 21 4 5 ls PA eE E AA 22 4 5 1 General information NENNT 22 4 5 2 ENN 22 4 5 3 Defectpixellist omar riales 23 106 Process lis gt TTE 23 AAA 23 62 TT 24 4 6 3 Trigger Source IMEI en eg nea 24 4 6 4 DO DOUNCET ccoo rr rr eere esas 25 165 Flash TULL 25 4 6 6 Frame COUPnter ies teritur fusa isis 25 4 7 User Sets na 26 4 0 Facto deco 26 1 MEAN mE 26 5 Interface Functionalities racer xxxix rk gai ERA RR X ER OPE Ra KR HR E RR RR RR D V NR KR CUN RR ER ME CR nnna 27 5 1 Device Information sarao dada 27 5 2 Packet Size and Maximum Transmission Unit MTU sese 27 OMG NE e E AMA A AP A 27 5 3 1 Example 1 Multi Camera Operation Minimal IPG 28 5 3 2 Example 2 Multi Camera Operation Optimal IPG 28 A NN 29 5 4 1 Persistent ID 29 5 4 2 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 29 SE EEE A 30 OE o A 30 5 5 Packet Hesend nnne 31 5 5 1 Normal CASG unos rd 31 5 5 2 Fault 1 Lost Packet within Data Giream enn 31 5 5 3 Fault 2 Lost Packet at the End of the Data Stream 31 5 544 Termination Conditions uo nani suut aida 32 Roue cAPI uIm 33 5 6 1 Event Generation 33 5 7 Action Command Trigger over Eihemet 34 5 7 1 Example Triggering Multiple Cameras
14. 14 BENNO OG E 14 BINNS ONS COI ra 20 Black LS VC NR 21 26 BIE ENN 20 26 C GOD E 6 LP 22 EO 12 14 15 16 17 20 21 Color AdS NSE EEE EEE EN 20 21 PN 20 D BESS SAN Em eem 31 PN Tren 25 DE NAN 22 23 26 Device Information E 27 D P 27 29 30 DHCP Lease Time iii errar 29 30 BAS 11 Dep BT E Environmental RIequlfemellls scenncentuzs etus onte eege e ER Spr E FRpR dera 12 EN 33 O morae E ae 33 Event Generato NT 33 Event EEE NE i a 33 EN 17 24 33 35 Epo OEN BE 33 ENN 33 F FEN 26 mcr EEE EET EEE EEE EE NE A N 25 26 Force IP NN o En A 30 Frame C ME 25 so RP A 33 Frame Ree 8 18 28 38 Fel dois 33 Froe RUNNING Ree EN 8 A A A E 14 19 FET A E ce 14 PP T PP RE NN NN 5 Fl NN 14 27 G OM 8 10 21 SAMEN 17 or 13 Gigabit Eher E 1 6 11 13 27 28 29 SEV N R 26 27 30 31 33 H A o TM KE 12 e Do e TTC 12 Made FINN iaa 14 26 jV M 23 24 Interface 11 13 23 27 35 Interface Functionalities esseesseesseeeee ntre trta nierien Ern nnm nnne AEEA nnne nnns r nennen nnns nnn nns 27 HP ENN 21 Ori 2 23 SE e 27 29 30 PFU Le 29 a EE 29 J MIT A e O II ENE A A ANTA A A E T TT 27 EP o PA Po 11 LLA Link Local Address EE 27 29 30 Were Us A Em 17
15. 18 26 en A e o CARE O NE 31 LP 17 18 M MA Ne er 27 29 30 Maximum Transmission Unit MTU on csscsicieescninsseamsascsadcsascsietnassndinecsAccasdsaasdtenabensiandcdsssaanssencededadeeneaayaneadi 27 Message e En E 26 33 MONO EE 13 15 16 Mono o e RENE EE 16 Mono TO e AA E E 16 Mono VP Tv 16 MODO E 16 Mono 12 Packed EE 16 Moe 5 6 12 14 15 16 17 21 N NORDEN EL E 8 9 O EHS eebe 8 10 18 21 26 DISC NTC NT K E 18 lli eR RE 18 EE 9 33 P gol 21 31 EC acre nmm 31 Pr 27 xcu M P o E 8 10 18 26 xt 1 0 Mr m P C ES 29 Pixel Be a END RTT 22 26 i eco OPIO Em 16 39 40 Pixel Format RN rr 15 26 Power lee NORTE PP TRRARNAEERE DROP SEAE R EAEAN EE EESE A EO AEREE REN ERENER TESRAE 11 Process and Data Interact 11 PNAN 23 35 Product Nene 6 R FG 15 Fl 8 18 22 25 35 o ET EET e TUUM 18 lisi AA T D o Tm 31 Fe IN 5 14 30 APA 15 16 20 REP 16 ip U Y 18 S le Nes P TOTO 5 6 PU 26 EN 18 El EE EE 18 e E e ee eee ee ee eee eee 13 SPP EE ES AE 6 Standard Cameras with 3 Point Mounting E 6 Sigrt 5DDDJSe DO VIO EE A eee 35 Sube Mask EEE NE NE EE 27 29 30 T HE un e E E aaa 12 EP
16. ER en 33 Temperature measurement points Kyaeasunusuad une prisa rociera 12 nn A a O Pee eames 26 o AA o A ea 8 10 12 24 EE SIE NEU T UU Tm 6 9 24 25 26 33 34 35 MIE SCY NOS DOO EE NE NE NN 8 las ai E Emm 34 MIG GE OVS T E 99 EEN MT O R 33 TESE 33 WS ON Se acia 24 E coc rage ats T 12 14 16 17 21 pico 12 picco PA 12 14 16 17 21 pico 16 17 21 U Bp C cess seats ee E X A 27 31 ET NN 26 W VP 22 o O E NR EN NE EN REN 20 21 Y UM 15 16 20 o EEE 15 20 Ke VE E 15 20 jl 15 VP 16 MEN 16 o A e o o e 16 41 AE Baumer Baumer Optronic GmbH Badstrasse 30 DE 01454 Radeberg Germany Phone 49 0 3528 4386 0 Fax 49 0 3528 4386 86 sales baumeroptronic com www baumer com 11037992 v1 0 CH ah Oo c D D 2 O O c 09 D E O Oo f E a u O gt o D Be 2 o o D 2 O CH ww o Oo Bes O 2 uc c o O Kai D Bes D
17. IP v4 5 4 1 Persistent IP is employed A persistent IP adress is assigned permanently Its validity is unlimited Persistent IP Please ensure a valid combination of IP address and subnet mask IP range Subnet mask 0 0 0 0 127 255 255 255 255000 128 0 0 0 191 255 255 255 255 255 0 0 m These combinations are not checked by Baumer GAPI Baumer GAPI A Figure 38 Viewer or camera on the fly This check is performed when restarting the Connection pathway for camera in case of an invalid IP subnet combination the camera will start Baumer Gigabit Ether in LLA mode net cameras The device connects This feature is disabled by default step by step via the three described mecha nisms 5 4 2 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol The DHCP automates the assignment of network parameters such as IP addresses sub net masks and gateways This process takes up to 12 sec Once the device client is connected to a DHCP enabled network four steps are processed e DHCP Discovery In order to find a DHCP server the client sends a so called DHCPDISCOVER broad cast to the network f T E oi gt zz F EE DHCP Lease Time O broadcast S y 3 ae DHCPDISCONEXY SS T lt Figure 39 o DHCP Discovery Be broadcast DHCP Offer After reception of this broadcast the DHCP server will answer the request by a unicast known as DHCPOFFER This message contains several items of information such as MAC
18. address Information for the client offered IP address IP adress Information on server subnet mask duration of the lease f SR a y y p v A adii unicast I lt Figure 40 SS d DHCP offer unicast DHCPOFFER 2 29 Figure 41 DHCP Request broadcast DHCP Lease Time The validity of DHCP IP addresses is limited by the lease time When this time is elapsed the IP configu ration needs to be redone This causes a connection abort Figure 42 DHCP Acknowledge ment unicast LLA Please ensure operation of the PC within the same subnet as the camera 30 DHCP Request Once the client has received this DHCPOFFER the transaction needs to be con firmed For this purpose the client sends a so called DHCPREQUEST broadcast to the network This message contains the IP address of the offering DHCP server and informs all other possible DHCPservers that the client has obtained all the necessary information and there is therefore no need to issue IP information to the client broadcast DHCPREQUES Y v A eec ER EE DHCP Acknowledgement Once the DHCP server obtains the DHCPREQUEST a unicast containing all neces sary information is sent to the client This message is called DHCPACK According to this information the client will configure its IP parameters and the pro cess is complete unicast nu DHCPACK di 7 eoo MCN ONES NENE 9 4 3 LLA LLA Link Local Address refers
19. bit over two bytes Figure 14 gt Spreading of two pix els in Mono 12 bit over three bytes packed mode Pixel depth In general pixel depth defines the number of possible different values for each color channel Mostly this will be 8 bit which means 2 different col ors For RGB or BGR these 8 bits per channel equal 24 bits overall Two bytes are needed for transmitting more than 8 bits per pixel even if the second byte is not completely filled with data In order to save bandwidth the packed formats were introduced to Baumer EXG cameras In this formats the unused bits of one pixel are filled with data from the next pixel 8 bit Bit 0 Bit 0 Bit 0 Bit 7 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 10 bit unused bits MM MEN EY Byte 1 Byte 2 12 bit unused bits T Bit 0 Bit 11 Byte 1 Byte 2 Packed Pixel 0 Pixel 1 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 4 1 2 2 Pixel Formats on Baumer EXG Cameras pe y E 9 jo O O Oo OD O O O G x A X c0 0 Q C o o o S g o O O AN N e Y y A A 3 NY oo b es a kf SS gt y oy C C 2 S 2 tf d gt gt gt O O O O O o O D D gt D Camera Type 2 2 2 2 M 0 m Y m gt gt gt Monochrome EXGO3 a O O O O EXG50 E O O a EI O O O O O Color EXGO3C E O O O O E 8 O E E 3 B B 4 1 3 Exposure Time On exposure of the sensor the inclination of photons produces a charge separation on the semiconduct
20. d the hardware trigger is activated by default 24 4 6 4 Debouncer The basic idea behind this feature was to seperate interfering signals short peaks from valid square wave signals which can be important in industrial environments Debouncing means that invalid signals are filtered out and signals lasting longer than a user defined testing time t ebouncenign Will be recognized and routed to the camera to induce a trigger In order to detect the end of a valid signal and filter out possible jitters within the signal a second testing time t ebounceLoy was introduced This timing is also adjustable by the user If the signal value falls to state low and does not rise within t this is recognized as end of the signal DebounceLow The debouncing times t and t buda DebounceLow Are adjustable from 0 to 5 msec in steps of 1 usec This feature is disabled by default 30V Please note that the edges of valid trigger signals are shifted by t and DebounceHigh Incoming signals pomelo valid and invalid Depending on these two timings the trigger 11V 4 5V signal might be temporally stretched or compressed Debouncer t DebounceHigh t DebounceLow 30V Filtered signal 0 At high time of the signal bem user defined debouncer delay for state high Figure 33 DebounceLow USer defined debouncer delay for state low Principl
21. e 5 Line5Falling Falling edge detected on IO Line 5 Vendor specific EventError Error in event handling EventLost Occured event not analyzed TemperatureExceeded Reference value of temperature exceeded TriggerReady Lena See chapter 2 4 elapsed camera is able to process incoming trigger TriggerOverlapped Overlapped Mode see chapter 2 4 detected TriggerSkipped Camera overtriggered see chapter 2 4 By the individual cameras of the Baumer EXG series the GigE Vision Mes sage Channel is supported in different degrees 33 Figure 46 Triggering of multiple cameras via trigger over Ethernet ToE 34 5 7 Action Command Trigger over Ethernet The basic idea behind this feature was to achieve a simultaneous trigger for multiple cameras Therefore a broadcast ethernet packet was implemented This packet can be used to induce a trigger as well as other actions Due to the fact that different network components feature different latencies and jitters the trigger over the Ethernet is not as synchronous as a hardware trigger Nevertheless applications can deal with these jitters in switched networks and therefore this is a com fortable method for synchronizing cameras with software additions The action command is sent as a broadcast In addition it is possible to group cameras so that not all attached cameras respond to a broadcast action command Such an action command contains a Device Key for authorization of
22. e PC In order to achieve an optimal with regard to the adjusted exposure time t and image format the camera is operated overlapped exposure In case of exposure times equal to less than the readout time t posure S teadout the maxi mum frame rate is provided for the image format used For longer exposure times the frame rate of the camera is reduced 2 2 1 1 EXG03 EXG03c MEN texposure n Loxposure n 1 Exposure 1 Hashin thash n 1 Flash d I e trashdelay Uash E texposure Non overlapped means the same as sequential 2 2 1 2 EXG50 T Sensor Ju Frame Reset ri texposure n Ree texposure n 1 e delay Sensor OLow Readout T img Walue Wen eres 71 66 msec Losses 4 usec I sec 2 2 2 Trigger Mode After a specified external event trigger has occurred image acquisition is started 2 2 2 1 EXG03 EXG03c breadout n teadout n 1 Readout TT GEER thotready TriggerReady CNN ltash n hash n 1 Flash I I tiashdelay 2 2 2 2 EXG50 A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective Trigger mr briggerdelay Sensor teu Frame be l Reset it i i exposure l Image parameters Offset Sensor Gain uds Readout Partial Scan tjelay AT 10 2 3 Process and Data Interface 2 3 1 Pin Assignment Gigabit Ethernet Interface 8P8C mod jack gn wh
23. e human eye For this correction the corrected pixel intensity Y is calculated from the original intensity of the sensor s pixel and correction factor y using the following formula in over simplified version Y original ES original Figure 15 Incidence of light causes charge separation on the semiconductors of the sensor Auto Exposure Some models of the EXG series are equipped with the ability for automatic adjustment of the exposure time by means of target settings in respect of the intensity of the recorded 0 E A Figure 16 Non linear perception of the human eye H Perception of bright ness E Energy of light 17 18 Figure 17 Partial Scan Parameters of the ROI On Baumer EXG cameras the correction factor y is adjustable from 0 001 to 2 The values of the calculated intensities are entered into the Look Up Table see 4 1 4 Thereby previously existing values within the LUT will be overwritten If the LUT feature is disabled on the software side the gamma correction feature also is disabled 4 1 7 Partial Scan Area of Interest AOI With the Partial Scan function it is possible to predefine a so called Area Region of Interest AOI ROI This ROI is an area of pixels of the sensor On image acquisition only the information of these pixels is sent to the PC Therefore all the lines of the sensor need not be read out which decreases the readout
24. e of the Baumer debouncer 4 6 5 Flash Signal This signal is managed by exposure of the sensor Furthermore the falling edge of the flash output signal can be used to trigger a movement of the inspected objects Due to this fact the span time used for the sensor readout t can be used optimally in industrial environments readout 4 6 6 Frame Counter The frame counter is part of the Baumer image infoheader and supplied with every image if the chunkmode is activated It is generated by hardware and can be used to verify that every image of the camera is transmitted to the PC and received in the right order 29 26 Figure 34 Timestamps of recorded images 4 7 User Sets Four user sets 0 3 are available for the Baumer cameras of the EXG series User set 0 is the default set and contains the factory settings User sets 1 to 3 are user specific and can contain the following information Parameter Parameter Binning Image Format Brightness Correction Look Up Table Defect Pixel Correction Message Channel Defectpixellist Offset Black Level Flash Settings Partial Scan Gain Pixel Format Flash Settings Trigger Settings These user sets are stored within the camera and and cannot be saved outside the de vice By employing a so called user set default selector one of the four possible user sets can be selected as default which means the camera starts up with these adjusted pa rameters 4 8 Factory Settings
25. e was introduced to accelerate the changing of image parameters 6 2 Start Stop Interface Without starting the interface transmission of image data from the camera to the PC will not proceed If the image acquisition is started befor the interface is activated the recorded images are lost If the interface is stopped during a transmission this is aborted immediately 6 3 Pause Resume Interface Pausing while the interface is operational results in an interim storage of the recorded images within the internal buffer of the camera After resuming the interface the buffered image data will be transferred to the PC 6 4 Acquisition Modes In general three acquisition modes are available for the cameras in the Baumer EXG series 6 4 1 Free Running Free running means the camera records images continuously without external events 6 4 2 Trigger The basic idea behind the trigger mode is the synchronization of cameras with machine cycles Trigger mode means that image recording is not continuous but triggered by external events This feature is described in chapter 4 6 Process Interface 35 T Notes and Instructions 7 1 Warranty Notes Keep camera housing closed There are no adjustable parts inside the camera In order to avoid the loss of warranty do not open the housing Dismantling Rework Repair of Baumer Cameras If it is obvious that the device is was dismantled reworked or re paired by ot
26. ets can differ from 576 Bytes up to the MTU The MTU describes the maximal packet size which can be handled by all network com ponents involved In principle modern network hardware supports a packet size of 1500 Byte which is specified in the network standard However so called Jumboframes are on the advance as Gigabit Ethernet continues to spread Jumboframes merely characterizes a packet size exceeding 1500 Bytes Baumer EXG cameras can handle a MTU of up to 65535 Bytes 5 3 Inter Packet Gap To achieve optimal results in image transfer several Ethernet specific factors need to be considered when using Baumer EXG cameras Upon starting the image transfer of a camera the data packets are transferred at maxi mum transfer speed 1 Gbit sec In accordance with the network standard Baumer em ploys a minimal separation of 12 Bytes between two packets This separation is called inter packet gap IPG In addition to the minimal IPG the GigE Vision standard stipu lates that the IPG be scalable user defined The IPG is measured in ticks described in chapter 5 2 An easy rule of thumb is 1 Tick is equivalent to 4 Bytes of data You should also not forget to add the various ethernet headers to your calculation 27 5 3 1 Example 1 Multi Camera Operation Minimal IPG Setting the IPG to minimum means every image is transfered at maximum speed Even by using a frame rate of 1 fps this results in full load on
27. gn og wh bu bu wh og bn wh bn CON DO ROAN gt MX1 MX1 MX2 MX3 MX3 MX2 MX4 MX4 2 3 2 Pin Assignment Power Supply and Digital lOs M8 3 pins 4 1 3 1 bn Power Vec 1 3 bu GND 2 bk NC 9 4 2 3 3 LED Signaling 1 2 LED Signal green yellow green gt green flash yellow yellow red flash O gt bh M8 4 pins 2 4 SS 3 o 2 TrigIN TrigIN Flash U ext Oo Cc A Os Figure 7 LED positions on Baumer EXG cameras Meaning Power on Readout active Link active Receiving Transmitting Receiving and Transmitting 11 Figure 8 gt Temperature measure ment points of Baumer EXG cameras 12 2 4 Environmental Requirements 2 4 1 Temperature and Humidity Range Temperature Storage temperature 10 C 70 C 14 F 158 F Operating temperature 5 C 50 C 41 F 122 F Housing temperature max 50 C 122 F For environmental temperatures ranging from value A to value B please pay atten tion to the max housing temperature The values are listed in the table below Camera Type Value A Value B Monochrome EXG03 25 C 77 F 50 C 122 F EXG50 25 C t77 F t50 C T122 F Color EXGO3c 25 C t 7 F 32 905 C 1122F Humidity Storage and Operating Humidity 10 90 Non condensing 2 4 2 Heat Transmission It is very important to provide adequate dissipation of heat to ens
28. her than Baumer technicians Baumer Optronic will not take any responsibility for the subsequent performance and quality of the device 7 2 Lens Mounting Avoid Dust on Sensor and Lens Avoid contamination of the sensor and the lens by dust and airborn particles when mounting a lens to the device Therefore the following points are very important Attach lenses in an environment that is as dust free as possible Keep the dust covers on camera and lens as long as possible Hold the camera downwards with unprotected sensor or filter cover glass Avoid contact with any optical surface of the camera or lens 36 8 Conformity COMPLIANT 2002 95 EC Cameras of the Baumer EXG family comply with e CE FCC Part 15 Class B RoHS 8 1 CE We declare under our sole responsibility that the previously described Baumer EXG cameras conform with the directives of the CE 8 2 FCC Class B Device Note This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to pro vide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructios may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not
29. idirectional binning causes both a hori zontally and vertically compressed image with quadruple brightness Figure 22 Bidirectional binning causes both a horizon tally and vertically com pressed image with six teenfold brightness 19 Figure 23 Aggregation of charge 20 carriers from four pixels in bidirectional binning Figure 24 gt Color processing mod ules of Baumer color cameras 4 1 9 Brightness Correction Binning Correction The aggregation of charge carriers may cause an overload To prevent this binning cor rection was introduced Here three binning modes need to be considered separately Binninig Realization 1x2 1x2 binning is performed within the sensor binning correction also takes place here A possible overload is prevented by halving the exposure time 2x1 2x1 binning takes place within the FPGA of the camera The binning cor rection is realized by aggregating the charge quantities and then halving this sum 2x2 2x2 binning is a combination of the above versions Total charge quantity of the Binning 2x2 4 aggregated i pixels Charge quantity g Super pixel 4 2 Color Processing Baumer color cameras are balanced to a color temperature of 5000 K Oversimplified color processing is realized by 4 modules r r g Camera o Bayer BW Module p Processor White balance sampling The color signals r red g green and b blue of the
30. ixels are identified during the production process of the camera The coordinates of these pixels are stored in the factory settings of the camera see 4 5 3 Defectpixellist Once the sensor readout is completed correction takes place Before any other processing the values of the two neighboring pixels on the left and the right side of the defect pixel will be read out Then the average value of these 4 pixels is determined e Finally the value of the defect pixel is substituted by the previously determined average value Defect Pixel Average Value Corrected Pixel 4 5 3 Defectpixellist As stated previously this list is determined within the production process of Baumer cam eras and stored in the factory settings see 4 8 1 Additional hot or cold pixels can develop during the lifecycle of a camera In this case Baumer offers the possibility of adding their coordinates to the defectpixellist The user can determine the coordinates of the affected pixels and add them to the list Once the defect pixel list is stored in a user set see 4 8 pixel correction is executed for all coor dinates on the defectpixellist 4 6 Process Interface 4 6 1 IO Circuits Output high active Output low active Input Camera Customer Device Camera Customer Device Customer Device Camera 10 Power Voc DRV i I I IO Power V T 8 RL VA E OUT l I HL BEBE RL S IOUT i
31. lues relating to the respective technical data sheets of the sensors manufacturer 60 45 40 50 SS se 35 gt gt 2 40 2 30 2 25 Leg a 20 E S D Figure 3 gt 8 2 8 Spectral sensitivities for m Baumer EXG cameras 10 with 0 3 MP CMOS 0 Sensor 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 1150 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 1150 MP Megapixels EXG03 Wave Length nm EXG03c Wave Length nm 60 50 3 gt e 40 bs o im 30 5 E D 3 20 Figure 4 gt m Spectral sensitivities for Baumer EXG cameras 0 with 5 0 MP CMOS 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 1150 Sensor EXG50 Wave Length nm 2 1 2 Shutters The camera models of the EXG series are equipped with different shutters Camera Type Shutter Type Monochrome EXG03 Global EXG50 Rolling Color EXGO3c Global 2 1 2 1 Global Shutter Microlens vr Jl Pixel Active Area Photodiode Storage Area O EN EM EA E ES E 1 1 B 1 EE EN 6 E f Global shutter means that all pixels of the sensor are reset and afterwards exposed for a specified interval t i For each pixel an adjacent storage area exists Once the exposure time elapsed the information of a pixel is transferred immediately to its storage area and read out from there Due to the fact that photosensitive surface get s los
32. om no 3 to no 5 are lost This fault is detected after the predefined time has elapsed and the resend request A is triggered The camera then resends packets no 3 to no 5 B to complete the image transfer 5 5 4 Termination Conditions The resend mechanism will continue until all packets have reached the pc the maximum of resend repetitions is reached the resend timeout has occured or the camera returns an error 5 6 Message Channel The asynchronous message channel is described in the GigE Vision standard and offers the possibility of event signaling There is a timestamp 64 bits for each announced event which contains the accurate time the event occurred Each event can be activated and deactivated separately 5 6 1 Event Generation Event Description Gen lt i gt Cam ExposureStart Exposure started ExposureEnd Exposure ended FrameStart Acquisition of a frame started FrameEnd Acquisition of a frame ended LineORising Rising edge detected on IO Line 0 LineOFalling Falling edge detected on IO Line 0 Line1Rising Rising edge detected on IO Line 1 Line1 Falling Falling edge detected on IO Line 1 Line2Rising Rising edge detected on IO Line 2 Line2Falling Falling edge detected on IO Line 2 Line3Rising Rising edge detected on IO Line 3 Line3Falling Falling edge detected on IO Line 3 Line4Rising Rising edge detected on IO Line 4 Line4Falling Falling edge detected on IO Line 4 Line5Rising Rising edge detected on IO Lin
33. ors of the pixels This results in a voltage difference which is used for signal extraction Light Photon Charge Carrier X oh Kee A X d X XE X s X d 5 N O Ge Go N Pixel A N Se GON e OX N gt The signal strength is influenced by the incoming amount of photons It can be increased by increasing the exposure time t exposure On Baumer EXG cameras the exposure time can be set within the following ranges step size 1usec Camera Type Line MIN t nosure MAX Monochrome EXGO3 32 usec 1 sec EXG50 4 usec 1 sec Color EXG03c 32 usec 1 sec 4 1 4 High Dynamic Range HDR The term HDR envelops several techniques to increase the dynamic range of brightness from the brightest spot to the darkest spot of an image beyond the native dynamic range of the imaging sensor On Baumer cameras HDR Images are created from a bracketing of several recorded so called Low Dynamic Range LDR images 4 1 5 Look Up Table The Look Up Table LUT is employed on Baumer monochrome cameras It contains 2 4096 values for the available levels of gray These values can be adjusted by the user In this example the LUT is used to overwrite levels of gray which are not of interest or in the case of overdrive 4 1 6 Gamma Correction With this feature Baumer EXG cameras offer the possibility of compensating nonlinearity in the perception of light by th
34. resend request is initiated if one or more packets are damaged during transfer and due to an incorrect checksum rejected afterwards On this topic one must distinguish between three cases 5 5 1 Normal Case In the case of unproblematic data transfer all packets are transferred in their correct order from the camera to the PC The probability of this happening is more then 9996 5 5 2 Fault 1 Lost Packet within Data Stream If one or more packets are lost within the data stream this is detected by the fact that packet number n is not followed by packet number n 1 In this case the application sends a resend request A Following this request the camera sends the next packet and then resends B the lost packet In our example packet no 3 is lost This fault is detected on packet no 4 and the re send request triggered Then the camera sends packet no 5 followed by resending packet no 3 5 5 3 Fault 2 Lost Packet at the End of the Data Stream In case of a fault at the end of the data stream the application will wait for incoming pack ets for a predefined time When this time has elapsed the resend request is triggered and the lost packets will be resent lt Figure 43 Data stream without damaged or lost pack ets lt Figure 44 Resending lost packets within the data stream 31 Figure 45 gt Resending of lost pack ets at the end of the data stream 32 In our example packets fr
35. rome Color model in which all detectable colors are defined by three coordinates Red Green and Blue p NETT Blue The three coordinates are displayed within the buffer in the order R G B Here the color alignment mirrors RGB Color model which is used in the PAL TV standard and in image compression In YUV a high bandwidth luminance signal Y luma information is transmitted together with two color difference signals with low bandwidth U and V chroma information Thereby U represents the difference between blue and luminance U B Y Vis the difference between red and luminance V R Y The third color green does not need to be transmitted its value can be calculated from the other three values YUV 4 4 4 Here each of the three components has the same sample rate Therefore there is no subsampling here YUV 4 2 2 The chroma components are sampled at half the sample rate This reduces the necessary bandwidth to two thirds in relation to 4 4 4 and causes no or low visual differences YUV 4 1 1 Here the chroma components are sampled at a quater of the sample rate This decreases the necessary bandwith by half in relation to 4 4 4 Figure 9 Sensor with Bayer Pattern lt Figure 10 RBG color space dis played as color tube 15 16 Figure 11 Bit string of Mono 8 bit and RGB 8 bit Figure 22 gt Spreading of Mono 10 bit over 2 bytes Figure 13 gt Spreading of Mono 12
36. sensor are amplified in total and digitized within the camera module Within the Bayer processor the raw signals r g and b are amplified by using of indepen dent factors for each color channel Then the missing color values are interpolated which results in new color values r g b The luminance signal Y is also generated The next step is the color transformation Here the previously generated color signals r g and b are converted to the chroma signals U and V which conform to the standard Afterwards theses signals are transformed into the desired output format Thereby the following steps are processed simultaneously Transformation to color space RGB or YUV External color adjustment Color adjustment as physical balance of the spectral sensitivities In order to reduce the data rate of YUV signals a subsampling of the chroma signals can be carried out Here the following items can be customized to the desired output format Order of data output Subsampling of the chroma components to YUV 4 2 2 or YUV 4 1 1 Limitation of the data rate to 8 bits 4 3 Color Adjustment White Balance This feature is available on all color cameras of the Baumer EXG series and takes place within the Bayer processor White balance means independent adjustment of the three color channels red green and blue by employing of a correction factor for each channel 4 3 1 User specific Color Adjustment The user specific color
37. t by the implementation of the stor age area the pixels mostly are equipped with microlenses which focus the light to the pixels active area 2 1 2 2 Rolling Shutter eut Frame exposure Reset Pointer Readout Pointer fl Pixels of Frame will be deleted Currently exposed pixels Frame E Read out pixels of current Frame Frame Rolling shutter means that in contrast to the global shutter not the whole sensor is exposed at once but single portions successively It is said the shutter rolls over the sensor For Baumer EXG cameras with rolling shutter this means two pointers are rolling across the sensor First the reset pointer deletes any information of former exposures stored within the pixels Frame After that the pixels are empty and restart collecting information from incoming light the new exposure Frame begins Once a predefined interval the exposure time a is elapsed the readout pointer rolls across the sensor and the information of the pixels is read out For example On Baumer EXG50 the pass of a pointer lasts approx 72 msec teu Due to technical issues of rolling shutter a flash control depending on the exposure time does not make sense Such cameras should be used in a continuously illuminated environment 4 Figure 5 Structure of an imaging sensor with global shut ter interline lt Figure 6 Operating mode of a rolling shutter
38. the action on this device an Action ID for identification of the action signal a Group Key for triggering actions on separated groups of devices a Group Mask for extension of the range of separate device groups 5 7 1 Example Triggering Multiple Cameras The figure below displays three cameras which are triggered synchronously by a soft ware application Another application of action command is that a secondary application or PC or one of the attached cameras can actuate the trigger 6 Start Stop Behaviour 6 1 Start Stop Acquisition Camera Once the image acquisition is started three steps are processed within the camera Determination of the current set of image parameters Exposure of the sensor Readout of the sensor Afterwards a repetition of this process takes place until the camera is stopped Stopping the acquisition means that the process mentioned above is aborted If the stop signal occurs within a readout the current readout will be finished before stopping the camera If the stop signal arrives within an exposure this will be aborted Special Case Asynchronous Reset Asynchronous Reset The asynchronous reset represents a special case of stopping the current acquisition For further information on Thereby exposure is aborted immediately Thus the current image is not read out and the the timings of this feature image is upcasted please see the respective data sheets This featur
39. to a local IP range from 169 254 0 1 to 169 254 254 254 and is used for the automated assignment of an IP address to a device when no other method for IP assignment is available The IP address is determined by the host using a pseudo random number generator which operates in the IP range mentioned above Once an address is chosen this is sent together with an ARP Address Resolution Pro tocol query to the network to to check if it already exists Depending on the response the IP address will be assigned to the device if not existing or the process is repeated This method may take some time the GigE Vision standard stipulates that establishing connection in the LLA should not take longer than 40 seconds in the worst case it can take up to several minutes 5 4 4 Force IP Inadvertent faulty operation may resultin connection errors between the PC and the camera In this case Force IP may be the last resort The Force IP mechanism sends an IP ad dress and a subnet mask to the MAC address of the camera These settings are sent without verification and are adapted immediately by the client They remain valid until the camera is de energized In the GigE Vision standard this feature is defined as Static IP 5 5 Packet Resend Due to the fact that the GigE Vision standard stipulates using a UDP a stateless user datagram protocol for data transfer a mechanism for saving the lost data needs to be employed Here a
40. ure that the temperature does not reach or exceed 50 C 122 F As there are numerous possibilities for instal lation Baumer do not specifiy a specific method for proper heat dissipation but suggest the following principles operate the cameras only in mounted condition mounting in combination with forced convection may provide proper heat dissipation 2 Please refer to the respective data sheet ud Measured at temperature measurement point T SE Housing temperature is limited by sensor specifications 3 Software 3 1 Baumer GAPI Baumer GAPI stands for Baumer Generic Application Programming Interface With this API Baumer provides an interface for optimal integration and control of Baumer Gigabit Ethernet GigE and Baumer FireWire IEEE 1394 cameras This software interface allows changing to other camera models or interfaces It also al lows the simultaneous operation of Baumer cameras with Gigabit Ethernet and FireWire interfaces This GAPI supports both Windows XP and Vista and Linux from Kernel 2 6 x operat ing systems in 32 bit as well as in 64 bit It provides interfaces to several programming languages such as C C and the NET Framework on Windows as well as Mono on Linux operating systems which offers the use of other languages such as e g C or VB NET 3 2 3 Party Software Strict compliance with the Gen l Cam standard allows Baumer to offer the use of 3 Party Software
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search